x86, 64bit: Use a #PF handler to materialize early mappings on demand

Linear mode (CR0.PG = 0) is mutually exclusive with 64-bit mode; all
64-bit code has to use page tables. This makes it awkward

x86, 64bit: Use a #PF handler to materialize early mappings on demand

Linear mode (CR0.PG = 0) is mutually exclusive with 64-bit mode; all
64-bit code has to use page tables. This makes it awkward before we
have first set up properly all-covering page tables to access objects
that are outside the static kernel range.

So far we have dealt with that simply by mapping a fixed amount of
low memory, but that fails in at least two upcoming use cases:

1. We will support load and run kernel, struct boot_params, ramdisk,
command line, etc. above the 4 GiB mark.
2. need to access ramdisk early to get microcode to update that as
early possible.

We could use early_iomap to access them too, but it will make code to
messy and hard to be unified with 32 bit.

Hence, set up a #PF table and use a fixed number of buffers to set up
page tables on demand. If the buffers fill up then we simply flush
them and start over. These buffers are all in __initdata, so it does
not increase RAM usage at runtime.

Thus, with the help of the #PF handler, we can set the final kernel
mapping from blank, and switch to init_level4_pgt later.

During the switchover in head_64.S, before #PF handler is available,
we use three pages to handle kernel crossing 1G, 512G boundaries with
sharing page by playing games with page aliasing: the same page is
mapped twice in the higher-level tables with appropriate wraparound.
The kernel region itself will be properly mapped; other mappings may
be spurious.

early_make_pgtable is using kernel high mapping address to access pages
to set page table.

-v4: Add phys_base offset to make kexec happy, and add
init_mapping_kernel() - Yinghai
-v5: fix compiling with xen, and add back ident level3 and level2 for xen
also move back init_level4_pgt from BSS to DATA again.
because we have to clear it anyway. - Yinghai
-v6: switch to init_level4_pgt in init_mem_mapping. - Yinghai
-v7: remove not needed clear_page for init_level4_page
it is with fill 512,8,0 already in head_64.S - Yinghai
-v8: we need to keep that handler alive until init_mem_mapping and don't
let early_trap_init to trash that early #PF handler.
So split early_trap_pf_init out and move it down. - Yinghai
-v9: switchover only cover kernel space instead of 1G so could avoid
touch possible mem holes. - Yinghai
-v11: change far jmp back to far return to initial_code, that is needed
to fix failure that is reported by Konrad on AMD systems. - Yinghai

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1359058816-7615-12-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

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x86-64, hotplug: Add start_cpu0() entry point to head_64.S

start_cpu0() is defined in head_64.S for 64-bit. The function sets up stack and
jumps to start_secondary() for CPU0 wake up.

Signed-off-by

x86-64, hotplug: Add start_cpu0() entry point to head_64.S

start_cpu0() is defined in head_64.S for 64-bit. The function sets up stack and
jumps to start_secondary() for CPU0 wake up.

Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1352835171-3958-8-git-send-email-fenghua.yu@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

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x86, realmode: Move SMP trampoline to unified realmode code

Migrated SMP trampoline code to the real mode blob.
SMP trampoline code is not yet removed from
.x86_trampoline because it is needed by th

x86, realmode: Move SMP trampoline to unified realmode code

Migrated SMP trampoline code to the real mode blob.
SMP trampoline code is not yet removed from
.x86_trampoline because it is needed by the wakeup
code.

[ hpa: always enable compiling startup_32_smp in head_32.S... it is
only a few instructions which go into .init on UP builds, and it makes
the rest of the code less #ifdef ugly. ]

Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1336501366-28617-6-git-send-email-jarkko.sakkinen@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

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x86-64: Handle exception table entries during early boot

If we get an exception during early boot, walk the exception table to
see if we should intercept it. The main use case for this is to allow

x86-64: Handle exception table entries during early boot

If we get an exception during early boot, walk the exception table to
see if we should intercept it. The main use case for this is to allow
rdmsr_safe()/wrmsr_safe() during CPU initialization.

Since the exception table is currently sorted at runtime, and fairly
late in startup, this code walks the exception table linearly. We
obviously don't need to worry about modules, however: none have been
loaded at this point.

[ v2: Use early_fixup_exception() instead of linear search ]

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1334794610-5546-5-git-send-email-hpa@zytor.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

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x86, paravirt: Replace GET_CR2_INTO_RCX with GET_CR2_INTO_RAX

GET_CR2_INTO_RCX is asinine: it is only used in one place, the actual
paravirt call returns the value in %rax, not %rcx; and the one pla

x86, paravirt: Replace GET_CR2_INTO_RCX with GET_CR2_INTO_RAX

GET_CR2_INTO_RCX is asinine: it is only used in one place, the actual
paravirt call returns the value in %rax, not %rcx; and the one place
that wants it wants the result in %r9. We actually generate as a
result of this call:

call ...
movq %rax, %rcx
xorq %rax, %rax /* this value isn't even used... */
movq %rcx, %r9

At least make the macro do what the paravirt call does, which is put
the value into %rax.

Nevermind the fact that the macro clobbers all the volatile registers.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1334794610-5546-4-git-send-email-hpa@zytor.com
Cc: Glauber de Oliveira Costa <glommer@parallels.com>

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x86: Add symbolic constant for exceptions with error code

Add a symbolic constant for the bitmask which states which exceptions
carry an error code.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Li

x86: Add symbolic constant for exceptions with error code

Add a symbolic constant for the bitmask which states which exceptions
carry an error code.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1334794610-5546-3-git-send-email-hpa@zytor.com

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x86: Keep current stack in NMI breakpoints

We want to allow NMI handlers to have breakpoints to be able to
remove stop_machine from ftrace, kprobes and jump_labels. But if
an NMI interrupts a curren

x86: Keep current stack in NMI breakpoints

We want to allow NMI handlers to have breakpoints to be able to
remove stop_machine from ftrace, kprobes and jump_labels. But if
an NMI interrupts a current breakpoint, and then it triggers a
breakpoint itself, it will switch to the breakpoint stack and
corrupt the data on it for the breakpoint processing that it
interrupted.

Instead, have the NMI check if it interrupted breakpoint processing
by checking if the stack that is currently used is a breakpoint
stack. If it is, then load a special IDT that changes the IST
for the debug exception to keep the same stack in kernel context.
When the NMI is done, it puts it back.

This way, if the NMI does trigger a breakpoint, it will keep
using the same stack and not stomp on the breakpoint data for
the breakpoint it interrupted.

Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

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x86, trampoline: Common infrastructure for low memory trampolines

Common infrastructure for low memory trampolines. This code installs
the trampolines permanently in low memory very early. It also

x86, trampoline: Common infrastructure for low memory trampolines

Common infrastructure for low memory trampolines. This code installs
the trampolines permanently in low memory very early. It also permits
multiple pieces of code to be used for this purpose.

This code also introduces a standard infrastructure for computing
symbol addresses in the trampoline code.

The only change to the actual SMP trampolines themselves is that the
64-bit trampoline has been made reusable -- the previous version would
overwrite the code with a status variable; this moves the status
variable to a separate location.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <4D5DFBE4.7090104@intel.com>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Matthieu Castet <castet.matthieu@free.fr>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>

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x86-64: Simplify loading initial_gs

Load initial_gs as two 32-bit values instead of splitting a 64-bit value.

Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1279371808-24804-3-git-

x86-64: Simplify loading initial_gs

Load initial_gs as two 32-bit values instead of splitting a 64-bit value.

Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1279371808-24804-3-git-send-email-brgerst@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

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tree-wide: Assorted spelling fixes

In particular, several occurances of funny versions of 'success',
'unknown', 'therefore', 'acknowledge', 'argument', 'achieve', 'address',
'beginning', 'desirable'

tree-wide: Assorted spelling fixes

In particular, several occurances of funny versions of 'success',
'unknown', 'therefore', 'acknowledge', 'argument', 'achieve', 'address',
'beginning', 'desirable', 'separate' and 'necessary' are fixed.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

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x86, 64-bit: Set data segments to null after switching to 64-bit mode

This prevents kernel threads from inheriting non-null segment
selectors, and causing optimizations in __switch_to() to be
ineffe

x86, 64-bit: Set data segments to null after switching to 64-bit mode

This prevents kernel threads from inheriting non-null segment
selectors, and causing optimizations in __switch_to() to be
ineffective.

Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Tim Blechmann <tim@klingt.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com>
LKML-Reference: <1259165856-3512-1-git-send-email-brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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x86-64: preserve large page mapping for 1st 2MB kernel txt with CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA

In the first 2MB, kernel text is co-located with kernel static
page tables setup by head_64.S. CONFIG_DEBUG_RODAT

x86-64: preserve large page mapping for 1st 2MB kernel txt with CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA

In the first 2MB, kernel text is co-located with kernel static
page tables setup by head_64.S. CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA chops this
2MB large page mapping to small 4KB pages as we mark the kernel text as RO,
leaving the static page tables as RW.

With CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA disabled, OLTP run on NHM-EP shows 1% improvement
with 2% reduction in system time and 1% improvement in iowait idle time.

To recover this, move the kernel static page tables to .data section, so that
we don't have to break the first 2MB of kernel text to small pages with
CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA.

Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <20091014220254.063193621@sbs-t61.sc.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

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Use macros for .bss.page_aligned section.

This patch changes the remaining direct references to
.bss.page_aligned in C and assembly code to use the macros in
include/linux/linkage.h.

Signed-off-by:

Use macros for .bss.page_aligned section.

This patch changes the remaining direct references to
.bss.page_aligned in C and assembly code to use the macros in
include/linux/linkage.h.

Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>

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x86: convert to use __HEAD and HEAD_TEXT macros.

This has the consequence of changing the section name use for head
code from ".text.head" to ".head.text". It also eliminates the
".text.head" outpu

x86: convert to use __HEAD and HEAD_TEXT macros.

This has the consequence of changing the section name use for head
code from ".text.head" to ".head.text". It also eliminates the
".text.head" output section (instead placing head code at the start of
the .text output section), which should be harmless.

This patch only changes the sections in the actual kernel, not those
in the compressed boot loader.

Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

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x86: de-assembler-ize asm/desc.h

asm/desc.h is included in three assembly files, but the only macro
it defines, GET_DESC_BASE, is never used. This patch removes the
includes, removes the macro GET_D

x86: de-assembler-ize asm/desc.h

asm/desc.h is included in three assembly files, but the only macro
it defines, GET_DESC_BASE, is never used. This patch removes the
includes, removes the macro GET_DESC_BASE and the ASSEMBLY guard
from asm/desc.h.

Signed-off-by: Alexander van Heukelum <heukelum@fastmail.fm>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

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x86: head_64.S - use IDT_ENTRIES instead of hardcoded number

Impact: cleanup

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: heukelum@fastmail.fm
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>

x86: head_64.S - use IDT_ENTRIES instead of hardcoded number

Impact: cleanup

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: heukelum@fastmail.fm
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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x86: head_64.S - remove useless balign

Impact: cleanup

NEXT_PAGE already has 'balign' so no
need to keep this redundant one.

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: heukelum@fastm

x86: head_64.S - remove useless balign

Impact: cleanup

NEXT_PAGE already has 'balign' so no
need to keep this redundant one.

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: heukelum@fastmail.fm
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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x86: use linker to offset symbols by __per_cpu_load

Impact: cleanup and bug fix

Use the linker to create symbols for certain per-cpu variables
that are offset by __per_cpu_load. This allows the re

x86: use linker to offset symbols by __per_cpu_load

Impact: cleanup and bug fix

Use the linker to create symbols for certain per-cpu variables
that are offset by __per_cpu_load. This allows the removal of
the runtime fixup of the GDT pointer, which fixes a bug with
resume reported by Jiri Slaby.

Reported-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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x86: move stack_canary into irq_stack

Impact: x86_64 percpu area layout change, irq_stack now at the beginning

Now that the PDA is empty except for the stack canary, it can be removed.
The irqstack

x86: move stack_canary into irq_stack

Impact: x86_64 percpu area layout change, irq_stack now at the beginning

Now that the PDA is empty except for the stack canary, it can be removed.
The irqstack is moved to the start of the per-cpu section. If the stack
protector is enabled, the canary overlaps the bottom 48 bytes of the irqstack.

tj: * updated subject
* dropped asm relocation of irq_stack_ptr
* updated comments a bit
* rebased on top of stack canary changes

Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

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x86: rework __per_cpu_load adjustments

Impact: cleanup

Use cpu_number to determine if the adjustment is necessary.

Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kerne

x86: rework __per_cpu_load adjustments

Impact: cleanup

Use cpu_number to determine if the adjustment is necessary.

Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

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x86: make pda a percpu variable

[ Based on original patch from Christoph Lameter and Mike Travis. ]

As pda is now allocated in percpu area, it can easily be made a proper
percpu variable. Make it

x86: make pda a percpu variable

[ Based on original patch from Christoph Lameter and Mike Travis. ]

As pda is now allocated in percpu area, it can easily be made a proper
percpu variable. Make it so by defining per cpu symbol from linker
script and declaring it in C code for SMP and simply defining it for
UP. This change cleans up code and brings SMP and UP closer a bit.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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x86: fold pda into percpu area on SMP

[ Based on original patch from Christoph Lameter and Mike Travis. ]

Currently pdas and percpu areas are allocated separately. %gs points
to local pda and perc

x86: fold pda into percpu area on SMP

[ Based on original patch from Christoph Lameter and Mike Travis. ]

Currently pdas and percpu areas are allocated separately. %gs points
to local pda and percpu area can be reached using pda->data_offset.
This patch folds pda into percpu area.

Due to strange gcc requirement, pda needs to be at the beginning of
the percpu area so that pda->stack_canary is at %gs:40. To achieve
this, a new percpu output section macro - PERCPU_VADDR_PREALLOC() - is
added and used to reserve pda sized chunk at the start of the percpu
area.

After this change, for boot cpu, %gs first points to pda in the
data.init area and later during setup_per_cpu_areas() gets updated to
point to the actual pda. This means that setup_per_cpu_areas() need
to reload %gs for CPU0 while clearing pda area for other cpus as cpu0
already has modified it when control reaches setup_per_cpu_areas().

This patch also removes now unnecessary get_local_pda() and its call
sites.

A lot of this patch is taken from Mike Travis' "x86_64: Fold pda into
per cpu area" patch.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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x86: load pointer to pda into %gs while brining up a CPU

[ Based on original patch from Christoph Lameter and Mike Travis. ]

CPU startup code in head_64.S loaded address of a zero page into %gs
for

x86: load pointer to pda into %gs while brining up a CPU

[ Based on original patch from Christoph Lameter and Mike Travis. ]

CPU startup code in head_64.S loaded address of a zero page into %gs
for temporary use till pda is loaded but address to the actual pda is
available at the point. Load the real address directly instead.

This will help unifying percpu and pda handling later on.

This patch is mostly taken from Mike Travis' "x86_64: Fold pda into
per cpu area" patch.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

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x86: make percpu symbols zerobased on SMP

[ Based on original patch from Christoph Lameter and Mike Travis. ]

This patch makes percpu symbols zerobased on x86_64 SMP by adding
PERCPU_VADDR() to vml

x86: make percpu symbols zerobased on SMP

[ Based on original patch from Christoph Lameter and Mike Travis. ]

This patch makes percpu symbols zerobased on x86_64 SMP by adding
PERCPU_VADDR() to vmlinux.lds.h which helps setting explicit vaddr on
the percpu output section and using it in vmlinux_64.lds.S. A new
PHDR is added as existing ones cannot contain sections near address
zero. PERCPU_VADDR() also adds a new symbol __per_cpu_load which
always points to the vaddr of the loaded percpu data.init region.

The following adjustments have been made to accomodate the address
change.

* code to locate percpu gdt_page in head_64.S is updated to add the
load address to the gdt_page offset.

* __per_cpu_load is used in places where access to the init data area
is necessary.

* pda->data_offset is initialized soon after C code is entered as zero
value doesn't work anymore.

This patch is mostly taken from Mike Travis' "x86_64: Base percpu
variables at zero" patch.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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x86: fix RIP printout in early_idt_handler

Impact: fix debug/crash printout

Since errorcode is popped out, RIP is on the top of the stack.
Use real RIP value instead of wrong CS.

Signed-off-by: Ji

x86: fix RIP printout in early_idt_handler

Impact: fix debug/crash printout

Since errorcode is popped out, RIP is on the top of the stack.
Use real RIP value instead of wrong CS.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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