1/* 2 * linux/arch/x86_64/kernel/head.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit 3 * 4 * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE 5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> 6 * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de> 7 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> 8 * Copyright (C) 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> 9 */ 10 11 12#include <linux/linkage.h> 13#include <linux/threads.h> 14#include <linux/init.h> 15#include <asm/desc.h> 16#include <asm/segment.h> 17#include <asm/pgtable.h> 18#include <asm/page.h> 19#include <asm/msr.h> 20#include <asm/cache.h> 21#include <asm/processor-flags.h> 22 23#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT 24#include <asm/asm-offsets.h> 25#include <asm/paravirt.h> 26#else 27#define GET_CR2_INTO_RCX movq %cr2, %rcx 28#endif 29 30/* we are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADRESS SPACE 31 * because we need identity-mapped pages. 32 * 33 */ 34 35#define pud_index(x) (((x) >> PUD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PUD-1)) 36 37L4_PAGE_OFFSET = pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET) 38L3_PAGE_OFFSET = pud_index(__PAGE_OFFSET) 39L4_START_KERNEL = pgd_index(__START_KERNEL_map) 40L3_START_KERNEL = pud_index(__START_KERNEL_map) 41 42 .text 43 .section .text.head 44 .code64 45 .globl startup_64 46startup_64: 47 48 /* 49 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 1, 50 * and someone has loaded an identity mapped page table 51 * for us. These identity mapped page tables map all of the 52 * kernel pages and possibly all of memory. 53 * 54 * %esi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data. 55 * 56 * We come here either directly from a 64bit bootloader, or from 57 * arch/x86_64/boot/compressed/head.S. 58 * 59 * We only come here initially at boot nothing else comes here. 60 * 61 * Since we may be loaded at an address different from what we were 62 * compiled to run at we first fixup the physical addresses in our page 63 * tables and then reload them. 64 */ 65 66 /* Compute the delta between the address I am compiled to run at and the 67 * address I am actually running at. 68 */ 69 leaq _text(%rip), %rbp 70 subq $_text - __START_KERNEL_map, %rbp 71 72 /* Is the address not 2M aligned? */ 73 movq %rbp, %rax 74 andl $~PMD_PAGE_MASK, %eax 75 testl %eax, %eax 76 jnz bad_address 77 78 /* Is the address too large? */ 79 leaq _text(%rip), %rdx 80 movq $PGDIR_SIZE, %rax 81 cmpq %rax, %rdx 82 jae bad_address 83 84 /* Fixup the physical addresses in the page table 85 */ 86 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + 0(%rip) 87 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + (L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8)(%rip) 88 addq %rbp, init_level4_pgt + (L4_START_KERNEL*8)(%rip) 89 90 addq %rbp, level3_ident_pgt + 0(%rip) 91 92 addq %rbp, level3_kernel_pgt + (510*8)(%rip) 93 addq %rbp, level3_kernel_pgt + (511*8)(%rip) 94 95 addq %rbp, level2_fixmap_pgt + (506*8)(%rip) 96 97 /* Add an Identity mapping if I am above 1G */ 98 leaq _text(%rip), %rdi 99 andq $PMD_PAGE_MASK, %rdi 100 101 movq %rdi, %rax 102 shrq $PUD_SHIFT, %rax 103 andq $(PTRS_PER_PUD - 1), %rax 104 jz ident_complete 105 106 leaq (level2_spare_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE)(%rbp), %rdx 107 leaq level3_ident_pgt(%rip), %rbx 108 movq %rdx, 0(%rbx, %rax, 8) 109 110 movq %rdi, %rax 111 shrq $PMD_SHIFT, %rax 112 andq $(PTRS_PER_PMD - 1), %rax 113 leaq __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC(%rdi), %rdx 114 leaq level2_spare_pgt(%rip), %rbx 115 movq %rdx, 0(%rbx, %rax, 8) 116ident_complete: 117 118 /* 119 * Fixup the kernel text+data virtual addresses. Note that 120 * we might write invalid pmds, when the kernel is relocated 121 * cleanup_highmap() fixes this up along with the mappings 122 * beyond _end. 123 */ 124 125 leaq level2_kernel_pgt(%rip), %rdi 126 leaq 4096(%rdi), %r8 127 /* See if it is a valid page table entry */ 1281: testq $1, 0(%rdi) 129 jz 2f 130 addq %rbp, 0(%rdi) 131 /* Go to the next page */ 1322: addq $8, %rdi 133 cmp %r8, %rdi 134 jne 1b 135 136 /* Fixup phys_base */ 137 addq %rbp, phys_base(%rip) 138 139#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TRAMPOLINE 140 addq %rbp, trampoline_level4_pgt + 0(%rip) 141 addq %rbp, trampoline_level4_pgt + (511*8)(%rip) 142#endif 143 144 /* Due to ENTRY(), sometimes the empty space gets filled with 145 * zeros. Better take a jmp than relying on empty space being 146 * filled with 0x90 (nop) 147 */ 148 jmp secondary_startup_64 149ENTRY(secondary_startup_64) 150 /* 151 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 1, 152 * and someone has loaded a mapped page table. 153 * 154 * %esi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data. 155 * 156 * We come here either from startup_64 (using physical addresses) 157 * or from trampoline.S (using virtual addresses). 158 * 159 * Using virtual addresses from trampoline.S removes the need 160 * to have any identity mapped pages in the kernel page table 161 * after the boot processor executes this code. 162 */ 163 164 /* Enable PAE mode and PGE */ 165 movl $(X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_PGE), %eax 166 movq %rax, %cr4 167 168 /* Setup early boot stage 4 level pagetables. */ 169 movq $(init_level4_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax 170 addq phys_base(%rip), %rax 171 movq %rax, %cr3 172 173 /* Ensure I am executing from virtual addresses */ 174 movq $1f, %rax 175 jmp *%rax 1761: 177 178 /* Check if nx is implemented */ 179 movl $0x80000001, %eax 180 cpuid 181 movl %edx,%edi 182 183 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */ 184 movl $MSR_EFER, %ecx 185 rdmsr 186 btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax /* Enable System Call */ 187 btl $20,%edi /* No Execute supported? */ 188 jnc 1f 189 btsl $_EFER_NX, %eax 1901: wrmsr /* Make changes effective */ 191 192 /* Setup cr0 */ 193#define CR0_STATE (X86_CR0_PE | X86_CR0_MP | X86_CR0_ET | \ 194 X86_CR0_NE | X86_CR0_WP | X86_CR0_AM | \ 195 X86_CR0_PG) 196 movl $CR0_STATE, %eax 197 /* Make changes effective */ 198 movq %rax, %cr0 199 200 /* Setup a boot time stack */ 201 movq stack_start(%rip),%rsp 202 203 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */ 204 pushq $0 205 popfq 206 207#ifdef CONFIG_SMP 208 /* 209 * early_gdt_base should point to the gdt_page in static percpu init 210 * data area. Computing this requires two symbols - __per_cpu_load 211 * and per_cpu__gdt_page. As linker can't do no such relocation, do 212 * it by hand. As early_gdt_descr is manipulated by C code for 213 * secondary CPUs, this should be done only once for the boot CPU 214 * when early_gdt_descr_base contains zero. 215 */ 216 movq early_gdt_descr_base(%rip), %rax 217 testq %rax, %rax 218 jnz 1f 219 movq $__per_cpu_load, %rax 220 addq $per_cpu__gdt_page, %rax 221 movq %rax, early_gdt_descr_base(%rip) 2221: 223#endif 224 /* 225 * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT 226 * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace 227 * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here 228 * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address. 229 */ 230 lgdt early_gdt_descr(%rip) 231 232 /* set up data segments. actually 0 would do too */ 233 movl $__KERNEL_DS,%eax 234 movl %eax,%ds 235 movl %eax,%ss 236 movl %eax,%es 237 238 /* 239 * We don't really need to load %fs or %gs, but load them anyway 240 * to kill any stale realmode selectors. This allows execution 241 * under VT hardware. 242 */ 243 movl %eax,%fs 244 movl %eax,%gs 245 246 /* 247 * Setup up a dummy PDA. this is just for some early bootup code 248 * that does in_interrupt() 249 */ 250 movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx 251 movq $empty_zero_page,%rax 252 movq %rax,%rdx 253 shrq $32,%rdx 254 wrmsr 255 256 /* esi is pointer to real mode structure with interesting info. 257 pass it to C */ 258 movl %esi, %edi 259 260 /* Finally jump to run C code and to be on real kernel address 261 * Since we are running on identity-mapped space we have to jump 262 * to the full 64bit address, this is only possible as indirect 263 * jump. In addition we need to ensure %cs is set so we make this 264 * a far return. 265 */ 266 movq initial_code(%rip),%rax 267 pushq $0 # fake return address to stop unwinder 268 pushq $__KERNEL_CS # set correct cs 269 pushq %rax # target address in negative space 270 lretq 271 272 /* SMP bootup changes these two */ 273 __REFDATA 274 .align 8 275 ENTRY(initial_code) 276 .quad x86_64_start_kernel 277 __FINITDATA 278 279 ENTRY(stack_start) 280 .quad init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE-8 281 .word 0 282 283bad_address: 284 jmp bad_address 285 286 .section ".init.text","ax" 287#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK 288 .globl early_idt_handlers 289early_idt_handlers: 290 i = 0 291 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS 292 movl $i, %esi 293 jmp early_idt_handler 294 i = i + 1 295 .endr 296#endif 297 298ENTRY(early_idt_handler) 299#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK 300 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip) 301 jz 1f 302 incl early_recursion_flag(%rip) 303 GET_CR2_INTO_RCX 304 movq %rcx,%r9 305 xorl %r8d,%r8d # zero for error code 306 movl %esi,%ecx # get vector number 307 # Test %ecx against mask of vectors that push error code. 308 cmpl $31,%ecx 309 ja 0f 310 movl $1,%eax 311 salq %cl,%rax 312 testl $0x27d00,%eax 313 je 0f 314 popq %r8 # get error code 3150: movq 0(%rsp),%rcx # get ip 316 movq 8(%rsp),%rdx # get cs 317 xorl %eax,%eax 318 leaq early_idt_msg(%rip),%rdi 319 call early_printk 320 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip) 321 jz 1f 322 call dump_stack 323#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS 324 leaq early_idt_ripmsg(%rip),%rdi 325 movq 0(%rsp),%rsi # get rip again 326 call __print_symbol 327#endif 328#endif /* EARLY_PRINTK */ 3291: hlt 330 jmp 1b 331 332#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK 333early_recursion_flag: 334 .long 0 335 336early_idt_msg: 337 .asciz "PANIC: early exception %02lx rip %lx:%lx error %lx cr2 %lx\n" 338early_idt_ripmsg: 339 .asciz "RIP %s\n" 340#endif /* CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK */ 341 .previous 342 343.balign PAGE_SIZE 344 345#define NEXT_PAGE(name) \ 346 .balign PAGE_SIZE; \ 347ENTRY(name) 348 349/* Automate the creation of 1 to 1 mapping pmd entries */ 350#define PMDS(START, PERM, COUNT) \ 351 i = 0 ; \ 352 .rept (COUNT) ; \ 353 .quad (START) + (i << PMD_SHIFT) + (PERM) ; \ 354 i = i + 1 ; \ 355 .endr 356 357 /* 358 * This default setting generates an ident mapping at address 0x100000 359 * and a mapping for the kernel that precisely maps virtual address 360 * 0xffffffff80000000 to physical address 0x000000. (always using 361 * 2Mbyte large pages provided by PAE mode) 362 */ 363NEXT_PAGE(init_level4_pgt) 364 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE 365 .org init_level4_pgt + L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8, 0 366 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE 367 .org init_level4_pgt + L4_START_KERNEL*8, 0 368 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */ 369 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE 370 371NEXT_PAGE(level3_ident_pgt) 372 .quad level2_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE 373 .fill 511,8,0 374 375NEXT_PAGE(level3_kernel_pgt) 376 .fill L3_START_KERNEL,8,0 377 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */ 378 .quad level2_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE 379 .quad level2_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE 380 381NEXT_PAGE(level2_fixmap_pgt) 382 .fill 506,8,0 383 .quad level1_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE 384 /* 8MB reserved for vsyscalls + a 2MB hole = 4 + 1 entries */ 385 .fill 5,8,0 386 387NEXT_PAGE(level1_fixmap_pgt) 388 .fill 512,8,0 389 390NEXT_PAGE(level2_ident_pgt) 391 /* Since I easily can, map the first 1G. 392 * Don't set NX because code runs from these pages. 393 */ 394 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC, PTRS_PER_PMD) 395 396NEXT_PAGE(level2_kernel_pgt) 397 /* 398 * 512 MB kernel mapping. We spend a full page on this pagetable 399 * anyway. 400 * 401 * The kernel code+data+bss must not be bigger than that. 402 * 403 * (NOTE: at +512MB starts the module area, see MODULES_VADDR. 404 * If you want to increase this then increase MODULES_VADDR 405 * too.) 406 */ 407 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC, 408 KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE/PMD_SIZE) 409 410NEXT_PAGE(level2_spare_pgt) 411 .fill 512, 8, 0 412 413#undef PMDS 414#undef NEXT_PAGE 415 416 .data 417 .align 16 418 .globl early_gdt_descr 419early_gdt_descr: 420 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1 421#ifdef CONFIG_SMP 422early_gdt_descr_base: 423 .quad 0x0000000000000000 424#else 425 .quad per_cpu__gdt_page 426#endif 427 428ENTRY(phys_base) 429 /* This must match the first entry in level2_kernel_pgt */ 430 .quad 0x0000000000000000 431 432#include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S" 433 434 .section .bss, "aw", @nobits 435 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES 436ENTRY(idt_table) 437 .skip 256 * 16 438 439 .section .bss.page_aligned, "aw", @nobits 440 .align PAGE_SIZE 441ENTRY(empty_zero_page) 442 .skip PAGE_SIZE 443