xref: /openbmc/u-boot/README (revision 3a44bfdf)
1# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2#
3# (C) Copyright 2000 - 2013
4# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
5
6Summary:
7========
8
9This directory contains the source code for U-Boot, a boot loader for
10Embedded boards based on PowerPC, ARM, MIPS and several other
11processors, which can be installed in a boot ROM and used to
12initialize and test the hardware or to download and run application
13code.
14
15The development of U-Boot is closely related to Linux: some parts of
16the source code originate in the Linux source tree, we have some
17header files in common, and special provision has been made to
18support booting of Linux images.
19
20Some attention has been paid to make this software easily
21configurable and extendable. For instance, all monitor commands are
22implemented with the same call interface, so that it's very easy to
23add new commands. Also, instead of permanently adding rarely used
24code (for instance hardware test utilities) to the monitor, you can
25load and run it dynamically.
26
27
28Status:
29=======
30
31In general, all boards for which a configuration option exists in the
32Makefile have been tested to some extent and can be considered
33"working". In fact, many of them are used in production systems.
34
35In case of problems see the CHANGELOG file to find out who contributed
36the specific port. In addition, there are various MAINTAINERS files
37scattered throughout the U-Boot source identifying the people or
38companies responsible for various boards and subsystems.
39
40Note: As of August, 2010, there is no longer a CHANGELOG file in the
41actual U-Boot source tree; however, it can be created dynamically
42from the Git log using:
43
44	make CHANGELOG
45
46
47Where to get help:
48==================
49
50In case you have questions about, problems with or contributions for
51U-Boot, you should send a message to the U-Boot mailing list at
52<u-boot@lists.denx.de>. There is also an archive of previous traffic
53on the mailing list - please search the archive before asking FAQ's.
54Please see http://lists.denx.de/pipermail/u-boot and
55http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.comp.boot-loaders.u-boot
56
57
58Where to get source code:
59=========================
60
61The U-Boot source code is maintained in the Git repository at
62git://www.denx.de/git/u-boot.git ; you can browse it online at
63http://www.denx.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=u-boot.git;a=summary
64
65The "snapshot" links on this page allow you to download tarballs of
66any version you might be interested in. Official releases are also
67available for FTP download from the ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/
68directory.
69
70Pre-built (and tested) images are available from
71ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/images/
72
73
74Where we come from:
75===================
76
77- start from 8xxrom sources
78- create PPCBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ppcboot)
79- clean up code
80- make it easier to add custom boards
81- make it possible to add other [PowerPC] CPUs
82- extend functions, especially:
83  * Provide extended interface to Linux boot loader
84  * S-Record download
85  * network boot
86  * PCMCIA / CompactFlash / ATA disk / SCSI ... boot
87- create ARMBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/armboot)
88- add other CPU families (starting with ARM)
89- create U-Boot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/u-boot)
90- current project page: see http://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot
91
92
93Names and Spelling:
94===================
95
96The "official" name of this project is "Das U-Boot". The spelling
97"U-Boot" shall be used in all written text (documentation, comments
98in source files etc.). Example:
99
100	This is the README file for the U-Boot project.
101
102File names etc. shall be based on the string "u-boot". Examples:
103
104	include/asm-ppc/u-boot.h
105
106	#include <asm/u-boot.h>
107
108Variable names, preprocessor constants etc. shall be either based on
109the string "u_boot" or on "U_BOOT". Example:
110
111	U_BOOT_VERSION		u_boot_logo
112	IH_OS_U_BOOT		u_boot_hush_start
113
114
115Versioning:
116===========
117
118Starting with the release in October 2008, the names of the releases
119were changed from numerical release numbers without deeper meaning
120into a time stamp based numbering. Regular releases are identified by
121names consisting of the calendar year and month of the release date.
122Additional fields (if present) indicate release candidates or bug fix
123releases in "stable" maintenance trees.
124
125Examples:
126	U-Boot v2009.11	    - Release November 2009
127	U-Boot v2009.11.1   - Release 1 in version November 2009 stable tree
128	U-Boot v2010.09-rc1 - Release candidate 1 for September 2010 release
129
130
131Directory Hierarchy:
132====================
133
134/arch			Architecture specific files
135  /arc			Files generic to ARC architecture
136  /arm			Files generic to ARM architecture
137  /m68k			Files generic to m68k architecture
138  /microblaze		Files generic to microblaze architecture
139  /mips			Files generic to MIPS architecture
140  /nds32		Files generic to NDS32 architecture
141  /nios2		Files generic to Altera NIOS2 architecture
142  /openrisc		Files generic to OpenRISC architecture
143  /powerpc		Files generic to PowerPC architecture
144  /riscv		Files generic to RISC-V architecture
145  /sandbox		Files generic to HW-independent "sandbox"
146  /sh			Files generic to SH architecture
147  /x86			Files generic to x86 architecture
148/api			Machine/arch independent API for external apps
149/board			Board dependent files
150/cmd			U-Boot commands functions
151/common			Misc architecture independent functions
152/configs		Board default configuration files
153/disk			Code for disk drive partition handling
154/doc			Documentation (don't expect too much)
155/drivers		Commonly used device drivers
156/dts			Contains Makefile for building internal U-Boot fdt.
157/examples		Example code for standalone applications, etc.
158/fs			Filesystem code (cramfs, ext2, jffs2, etc.)
159/include		Header Files
160/lib			Library routines generic to all architectures
161/Licenses		Various license files
162/net			Networking code
163/post			Power On Self Test
164/scripts		Various build scripts and Makefiles
165/test			Various unit test files
166/tools			Tools to build S-Record or U-Boot images, etc.
167
168Software Configuration:
169=======================
170
171Configuration is usually done using C preprocessor defines; the
172rationale behind that is to avoid dead code whenever possible.
173
174There are two classes of configuration variables:
175
176* Configuration _OPTIONS_:
177  These are selectable by the user and have names beginning with
178  "CONFIG_".
179
180* Configuration _SETTINGS_:
181  These depend on the hardware etc. and should not be meddled with if
182  you don't know what you're doing; they have names beginning with
183  "CONFIG_SYS_".
184
185Previously, all configuration was done by hand, which involved creating
186symbolic links and editing configuration files manually. More recently,
187U-Boot has added the Kbuild infrastructure used by the Linux kernel,
188allowing you to use the "make menuconfig" command to configure your
189build.
190
191
192Selection of Processor Architecture and Board Type:
193---------------------------------------------------
194
195For all supported boards there are ready-to-use default
196configurations available; just type "make <board_name>_defconfig".
197
198Example: For a TQM823L module type:
199
200	cd u-boot
201	make TQM823L_defconfig
202
203Note: If you're looking for the default configuration file for a board
204you're sure used to be there but is now missing, check the file
205doc/README.scrapyard for a list of no longer supported boards.
206
207Sandbox Environment:
208--------------------
209
210U-Boot can be built natively to run on a Linux host using the 'sandbox'
211board. This allows feature development which is not board- or architecture-
212specific to be undertaken on a native platform. The sandbox is also used to
213run some of U-Boot's tests.
214
215See board/sandbox/README.sandbox for more details.
216
217
218Board Initialisation Flow:
219--------------------------
220
221This is the intended start-up flow for boards. This should apply for both
222SPL and U-Boot proper (i.e. they both follow the same rules).
223
224Note: "SPL" stands for "Secondary Program Loader," which is explained in
225more detail later in this file.
226
227At present, SPL mostly uses a separate code path, but the function names
228and roles of each function are the same. Some boards or architectures
229may not conform to this.  At least most ARM boards which use
230CONFIG_SPL_FRAMEWORK conform to this.
231
232Execution typically starts with an architecture-specific (and possibly
233CPU-specific) start.S file, such as:
234
235	- arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S
236	- arch/powerpc/cpu/mpc83xx/start.S
237	- arch/mips/cpu/start.S
238
239and so on. From there, three functions are called; the purpose and
240limitations of each of these functions are described below.
241
242lowlevel_init():
243	- purpose: essential init to permit execution to reach board_init_f()
244	- no global_data or BSS
245	- there is no stack (ARMv7 may have one but it will soon be removed)
246	- must not set up SDRAM or use console
247	- must only do the bare minimum to allow execution to continue to
248		board_init_f()
249	- this is almost never needed
250	- return normally from this function
251
252board_init_f():
253	- purpose: set up the machine ready for running board_init_r():
254		i.e. SDRAM and serial UART
255	- global_data is available
256	- stack is in SRAM
257	- BSS is not available, so you cannot use global/static variables,
258		only stack variables and global_data
259
260	Non-SPL-specific notes:
261	- dram_init() is called to set up DRAM. If already done in SPL this
262		can do nothing
263
264	SPL-specific notes:
265	- you can override the entire board_init_f() function with your own
266		version as needed.
267	- preloader_console_init() can be called here in extremis
268	- should set up SDRAM, and anything needed to make the UART work
269	- these is no need to clear BSS, it will be done by crt0.S
270	- must return normally from this function (don't call board_init_r()
271		directly)
272
273Here the BSS is cleared. For SPL, if CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R is defined, then at
274this point the stack and global_data are relocated to below
275CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R_ADDR. For non-SPL, U-Boot is relocated to run at the top of
276memory.
277
278board_init_r():
279	- purpose: main execution, common code
280	- global_data is available
281	- SDRAM is available
282	- BSS is available, all static/global variables can be used
283	- execution eventually continues to main_loop()
284
285	Non-SPL-specific notes:
286	- U-Boot is relocated to the top of memory and is now running from
287		there.
288
289	SPL-specific notes:
290	- stack is optionally in SDRAM, if CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R is defined and
291		CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R_ADDR points into SDRAM
292	- preloader_console_init() can be called here - typically this is
293		done by selecting CONFIG_SPL_BOARD_INIT and then supplying a
294		spl_board_init() function containing this call
295	- loads U-Boot or (in falcon mode) Linux
296
297
298
299Configuration Options:
300----------------------
301
302Configuration depends on the combination of board and CPU type; all
303such information is kept in a configuration file
304"include/configs/<board_name>.h".
305
306Example: For a TQM823L module, all configuration settings are in
307"include/configs/TQM823L.h".
308
309
310Many of the options are named exactly as the corresponding Linux
311kernel configuration options. The intention is to make it easier to
312build a config tool - later.
313
314- ARM Platform Bus Type(CCI):
315		CoreLink Cache Coherent Interconnect (CCI) is ARM BUS which
316		provides full cache coherency between two clusters of multi-core
317		CPUs and I/O coherency for devices and I/O masters
318
319		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_HAS_CCI400
320
321		Defined For SoC that has cache coherent interconnect
322		CCN-400
323
324		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_HAS_CCN504
325
326		Defined for SoC that has cache coherent interconnect CCN-504
327
328The following options need to be configured:
329
330- CPU Type:	Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_MPC85XX.
331
332- Board Type:	Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_MPC8540ADS.
333
334- 85xx CPU Options:
335		CONFIG_SYS_PPC64
336
337		Specifies that the core is a 64-bit PowerPC implementation (implements
338		the "64" category of the Power ISA). This is necessary for ePAPR
339		compliance, among other possible reasons.
340
341		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_TBCLK_DIV
342
343		Defines the core time base clock divider ratio compared to the
344		system clock.  On most PQ3 devices this is 8, on newer QorIQ
345		devices it can be 16 or 32.  The ratio varies from SoC to Soc.
346
347		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_PCIE_COMPAT
348
349		Defines the string to utilize when trying to match PCIe device
350		tree nodes for the given platform.
351
352		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510
353
354		Enables a workaround for erratum A004510.  If set,
355		then CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510_SVR_REV and
356		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_CORENET_SNOOPVEC_COREONLY must be set.
357
358		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510_SVR_REV
359		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510_SVR_REV2 (optional)
360
361		Defines one or two SoC revisions (low 8 bits of SVR)
362		for which the A004510 workaround should be applied.
363
364		The rest of SVR is either not relevant to the decision
365		of whether the erratum is present (e.g. p2040 versus
366		p2041) or is implied by the build target, which controls
367		whether CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510 is set.
368
369		See Freescale App Note 4493 for more information about
370		this erratum.
371
372		CONFIG_A003399_NOR_WORKAROUND
373		Enables a workaround for IFC erratum A003399. It is only
374		required during NOR boot.
375
376		CONFIG_A008044_WORKAROUND
377		Enables a workaround for T1040/T1042 erratum A008044. It is only
378		required during NAND boot and valid for Rev 1.0 SoC revision
379
380		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_CORENET_SNOOPVEC_COREONLY
381
382		This is the value to write into CCSR offset 0x18600
383		according to the A004510 workaround.
384
385		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DSP_DDR_ADDR
386		This value denotes start offset of DDR memory which is
387		connected exclusively to the DSP cores.
388
389		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DSP_M2_RAM_ADDR
390		This value denotes start offset of M2 memory
391		which is directly connected to the DSP core.
392
393		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DSP_M3_RAM_ADDR
394		This value denotes start offset of M3 memory which is directly
395		connected to the DSP core.
396
397		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DSP_CCSRBAR_DEFAULT
398		This value denotes start offset of DSP CCSR space.
399
400		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_SINGLE_SOURCE_CLK
401		Single Source Clock is clocking mode present in some of FSL SoC's.
402		In this mode, a single differential clock is used to supply
403		clocks to the sysclock, ddrclock and usbclock.
404
405		CONFIG_SYS_CPC_REINIT_F
406		This CONFIG is defined when the CPC is configured as SRAM at the
407		time of U-Boot entry and is required to be re-initialized.
408
409		CONFIG_DEEP_SLEEP
410		Indicates this SoC supports deep sleep feature. If deep sleep is
411		supported, core will start to execute uboot when wakes up.
412
413- Generic CPU options:
414		CONFIG_SYS_BIG_ENDIAN, CONFIG_SYS_LITTLE_ENDIAN
415
416		Defines the endianess of the CPU. Implementation of those
417		values is arch specific.
418
419		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR
420		Freescale DDR driver in use. This type of DDR controller is
421		found in mpc83xx, mpc85xx, mpc86xx as well as some ARM core
422		SoCs.
423
424		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_ADDR
425		Freescale DDR memory-mapped register base.
426
427		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_EMU
428		Specify emulator support for DDR. Some DDR features such as
429		deskew training are not available.
430
431		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_GEN1
432		Freescale DDR1 controller.
433
434		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_GEN2
435		Freescale DDR2 controller.
436
437		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_GEN3
438		Freescale DDR3 controller.
439
440		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_GEN4
441		Freescale DDR4 controller.
442
443		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_ARM_GEN3
444		Freescale DDR3 controller for ARM-based SoCs.
445
446		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR1
447		Board config to use DDR1. It can be enabled for SoCs with
448		Freescale DDR1 or DDR2 controllers, depending on the board
449		implemetation.
450
451		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR2
452		Board config to use DDR2. It can be enabled for SoCs with
453		Freescale DDR2 or DDR3 controllers, depending on the board
454		implementation.
455
456		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR3
457		Board config to use DDR3. It can be enabled for SoCs with
458		Freescale DDR3 or DDR3L controllers.
459
460		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR3L
461		Board config to use DDR3L. It can be enabled for SoCs with
462		DDR3L controllers.
463
464		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR4
465		Board config to use DDR4. It can be enabled for SoCs with
466		DDR4 controllers.
467
468		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_IFC_BE
469		Defines the IFC controller register space as Big Endian
470
471		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_IFC_LE
472		Defines the IFC controller register space as Little Endian
473
474		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_IFC_CLK_DIV
475		Defines divider of platform clock(clock input to IFC controller).
476
477		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_LBC_CLK_DIV
478		Defines divider of platform clock(clock input to eLBC controller).
479
480		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_PBL_PBI
481		It enables addition of RCW (Power on reset configuration) in built image.
482		Please refer doc/README.pblimage for more details
483
484		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_PBL_RCW
485		It adds PBI(pre-boot instructions) commands in u-boot build image.
486		PBI commands can be used to configure SoC before it starts the execution.
487		Please refer doc/README.pblimage for more details
488
489		CONFIG_SPL_FSL_PBL
490		It adds a target to create boot binary having SPL binary in PBI format
491		concatenated with u-boot binary.
492
493		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_BE
494		Defines the DDR controller register space as Big Endian
495
496		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_LE
497		Defines the DDR controller register space as Little Endian
498
499		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_SDRAM_BASE_PHY
500		Physical address from the view of DDR controllers. It is the
501		same as CONFIG_SYS_DDR_SDRAM_BASE for  all Power SoCs. But
502		it could be different for ARM SoCs.
503
504		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_INTLV_256B
505		DDR controller interleaving on 256-byte. This is a special
506		interleaving mode, handled by Dickens for Freescale layerscape
507		SoCs with ARM core.
508
509		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_MAIN_NUM_CTRLS
510		Number of controllers used as main memory.
511
512		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_OTHER_DDR_NUM_CTRLS
513		Number of controllers used for other than main memory.
514
515		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_HAS_DP_DDR
516		Defines the SoC has DP-DDR used for DPAA.
517
518		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_SEC_BE
519		Defines the SEC controller register space as Big Endian
520
521		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_SEC_LE
522		Defines the SEC controller register space as Little Endian
523
524- MIPS CPU options:
525		CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_OFFSET
526
527		Offset relative to CONFIG_SYS_SDRAM_BASE for initial stack
528		pointer. This is needed for the temporary stack before
529		relocation.
530
531		CONFIG_XWAY_SWAP_BYTES
532
533		Enable compilation of tools/xway-swap-bytes needed for Lantiq
534		XWAY SoCs for booting from NOR flash. The U-Boot image needs to
535		be swapped if a flash programmer is used.
536
537- ARM options:
538		CONFIG_SYS_EXCEPTION_VECTORS_HIGH
539
540		Select high exception vectors of the ARM core, e.g., do not
541		clear the V bit of the c1 register of CP15.
542
543		COUNTER_FREQUENCY
544		Generic timer clock source frequency.
545
546		COUNTER_FREQUENCY_REAL
547		Generic timer clock source frequency if the real clock is
548		different from COUNTER_FREQUENCY, and can only be determined
549		at run time.
550
551- Tegra SoC options:
552		CONFIG_TEGRA_SUPPORT_NON_SECURE
553
554		Support executing U-Boot in non-secure (NS) mode. Certain
555		impossible actions will be skipped if the CPU is in NS mode,
556		such as ARM architectural timer initialization.
557
558- Linux Kernel Interface:
559		CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ
560
561		U-Boot stores all clock information in Hz
562		internally. For binary compatibility with older Linux
563		kernels (which expect the clocks passed in the
564		bd_info data to be in MHz) the environment variable
565		"clocks_in_mhz" can be defined so that U-Boot
566		converts clock data to MHZ before passing it to the
567		Linux kernel.
568		When CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ is defined, a definition of
569		"clocks_in_mhz=1" is automatically included in the
570		default environment.
571
572		CONFIG_MEMSIZE_IN_BYTES		[relevant for MIPS only]
573
574		When transferring memsize parameter to Linux, some versions
575		expect it to be in bytes, others in MB.
576		Define CONFIG_MEMSIZE_IN_BYTES to make it in bytes.
577
578		CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
579
580		New kernel versions are expecting firmware settings to be
581		passed using flattened device trees (based on open firmware
582		concepts).
583
584		CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
585		 * New libfdt-based support
586		 * Adds the "fdt" command
587		 * The bootm command automatically updates the fdt
588
589		OF_TBCLK - The timebase frequency.
590		OF_STDOUT_PATH - The path to the console device
591
592		boards with QUICC Engines require OF_QE to set UCC MAC
593		addresses
594
595		CONFIG_OF_BOARD_SETUP
596
597		Board code has addition modification that it wants to make
598		to the flat device tree before handing it off to the kernel
599
600		CONFIG_OF_SYSTEM_SETUP
601
602		Other code has addition modification that it wants to make
603		to the flat device tree before handing it off to the kernel.
604		This causes ft_system_setup() to be called before booting
605		the kernel.
606
607		CONFIG_OF_IDE_FIXUP
608
609		U-Boot can detect if an IDE device is present or not.
610		If not, and this new config option is activated, U-Boot
611		removes the ATA node from the DTS before booting Linux,
612		so the Linux IDE driver does not probe the device and
613		crash. This is needed for buggy hardware (uc101) where
614		no pull down resistor is connected to the signal IDE5V_DD7.
615
616		CONFIG_MACH_TYPE	[relevant for ARM only][mandatory]
617
618		This setting is mandatory for all boards that have only one
619		machine type and must be used to specify the machine type
620		number as it appears in the ARM machine registry
621		(see http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/machines/).
622		Only boards that have multiple machine types supported
623		in a single configuration file and the machine type is
624		runtime discoverable, do not have to use this setting.
625
626- vxWorks boot parameters:
627
628		bootvx constructs a valid bootline using the following
629		environments variables: bootdev, bootfile, ipaddr, netmask,
630		serverip, gatewayip, hostname, othbootargs.
631		It loads the vxWorks image pointed bootfile.
632
633		Note: If a "bootargs" environment is defined, it will overwride
634		the defaults discussed just above.
635
636- Cache Configuration:
637		CONFIG_SYS_ICACHE_OFF - Do not enable instruction cache in U-Boot
638		CONFIG_SYS_DCACHE_OFF - Do not enable data cache in U-Boot
639		CONFIG_SYS_L2CACHE_OFF- Do not enable L2 cache in U-Boot
640
641- Cache Configuration for ARM:
642		CONFIG_SYS_L2_PL310 - Enable support for ARM PL310 L2 cache
643				      controller
644		CONFIG_SYS_PL310_BASE - Physical base address of PL310
645					controller register space
646
647- Serial Ports:
648		CONFIG_PL010_SERIAL
649
650		Define this if you want support for Amba PrimeCell PL010 UARTs.
651
652		CONFIG_PL011_SERIAL
653
654		Define this if you want support for Amba PrimeCell PL011 UARTs.
655
656		CONFIG_PL011_CLOCK
657
658		If you have Amba PrimeCell PL011 UARTs, set this variable to
659		the clock speed of the UARTs.
660
661		CONFIG_PL01x_PORTS
662
663		If you have Amba PrimeCell PL010 or PL011 UARTs on your board,
664		define this to a list of base addresses for each (supported)
665		port. See e.g. include/configs/versatile.h
666
667		CONFIG_SERIAL_HW_FLOW_CONTROL
668
669		Define this variable to enable hw flow control in serial driver.
670		Current user of this option is drivers/serial/nsl16550.c driver
671
672- Console Baudrate:
673		CONFIG_BAUDRATE - in bps
674		Select one of the baudrates listed in
675		CONFIG_SYS_BAUDRATE_TABLE, see below.
676
677- Autoboot Command:
678		CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
679		Only needed when CONFIG_BOOTDELAY is enabled;
680		define a command string that is automatically executed
681		when no character is read on the console interface
682		within "Boot Delay" after reset.
683
684		CONFIG_RAMBOOT and CONFIG_NFSBOOT
685		The value of these goes into the environment as
686		"ramboot" and "nfsboot" respectively, and can be used
687		as a convenience, when switching between booting from
688		RAM and NFS.
689
690- Pre-Boot Commands:
691		CONFIG_PREBOOT
692
693		When this option is #defined, the existence of the
694		environment variable "preboot" will be checked
695		immediately before starting the CONFIG_BOOTDELAY
696		countdown and/or running the auto-boot command resp.
697		entering interactive mode.
698
699		This feature is especially useful when "preboot" is
700		automatically generated or modified. For an example
701		see the LWMON board specific code: here "preboot" is
702		modified when the user holds down a certain
703		combination of keys on the (special) keyboard when
704		booting the systems
705
706- Serial Download Echo Mode:
707		CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
708		If defined to 1, all characters received during a
709		serial download (using the "loads" command) are
710		echoed back. This might be needed by some terminal
711		emulations (like "cu"), but may as well just take
712		time on others. This setting #define's the initial
713		value of the "loads_echo" environment variable.
714
715- Kgdb Serial Baudrate: (if CONFIG_CMD_KGDB is defined)
716		CONFIG_KGDB_BAUDRATE
717		Select one of the baudrates listed in
718		CONFIG_SYS_BAUDRATE_TABLE, see below.
719
720- Removal of commands
721		If no commands are needed to boot, you can disable
722		CONFIG_CMDLINE to remove them. In this case, the command line
723		will not be available, and when U-Boot wants to execute the
724		boot command (on start-up) it will call board_run_command()
725		instead. This can reduce image size significantly for very
726		simple boot procedures.
727
728- Regular expression support:
729		CONFIG_REGEX
730		If this variable is defined, U-Boot is linked against
731		the SLRE (Super Light Regular Expression) library,
732		which adds regex support to some commands, as for
733		example "env grep" and "setexpr".
734
735- Device tree:
736		CONFIG_OF_CONTROL
737		If this variable is defined, U-Boot will use a device tree
738		to configure its devices, instead of relying on statically
739		compiled #defines in the board file. This option is
740		experimental and only available on a few boards. The device
741		tree is available in the global data as gd->fdt_blob.
742
743		U-Boot needs to get its device tree from somewhere. This can
744		be done using one of the three options below:
745
746		CONFIG_OF_EMBED
747		If this variable is defined, U-Boot will embed a device tree
748		binary in its image. This device tree file should be in the
749		board directory and called <soc>-<board>.dts. The binary file
750		is then picked up in board_init_f() and made available through
751		the global data structure as gd->fdt_blob.
752
753		CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE
754		If this variable is defined, U-Boot will build a device tree
755		binary. It will be called u-boot.dtb. Architecture-specific
756		code will locate it at run-time. Generally this works by:
757
758			cat u-boot.bin u-boot.dtb >image.bin
759
760		and in fact, U-Boot does this for you, creating a file called
761		u-boot-dtb.bin which is useful in the common case. You can
762		still use the individual files if you need something more
763		exotic.
764
765		CONFIG_OF_BOARD
766		If this variable is defined, U-Boot will use the device tree
767		provided by the board at runtime instead of embedding one with
768		the image. Only boards defining board_fdt_blob_setup() support
769		this option (see include/fdtdec.h file).
770
771- Watchdog:
772		CONFIG_WATCHDOG
773		If this variable is defined, it enables watchdog
774		support for the SoC. There must be support in the SoC
775		specific code for a watchdog. For the 8xx
776		CPUs, the SIU Watchdog feature is enabled in the SYPCR
777		register.  When supported for a specific SoC is
778		available, then no further board specific code should
779		be needed to use it.
780
781		CONFIG_HW_WATCHDOG
782		When using a watchdog circuitry external to the used
783		SoC, then define this variable and provide board
784		specific code for the "hw_watchdog_reset" function.
785
786		CONFIG_AT91_HW_WDT_TIMEOUT
787		specify the timeout in seconds. default 2 seconds.
788
789- Real-Time Clock:
790
791		When CONFIG_CMD_DATE is selected, the type of the RTC
792		has to be selected, too. Define exactly one of the
793		following options:
794
795		CONFIG_RTC_PCF8563	- use Philips PCF8563 RTC
796		CONFIG_RTC_MC13XXX	- use MC13783 or MC13892 RTC
797		CONFIG_RTC_MC146818	- use MC146818 RTC
798		CONFIG_RTC_DS1307	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1307 RTC
799		CONFIG_RTC_DS1337	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1337 RTC
800		CONFIG_RTC_DS1338	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1338 RTC
801		CONFIG_RTC_DS1339	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1339 RTC
802		CONFIG_RTC_DS164x	- use Dallas DS164x RTC
803		CONFIG_RTC_ISL1208	- use Intersil ISL1208 RTC
804		CONFIG_RTC_MAX6900	- use Maxim, Inc. MAX6900 RTC
805		CONFIG_RTC_DS1337_NOOSC	- Turn off the OSC output for DS1337
806		CONFIG_SYS_RV3029_TCR	- enable trickle charger on
807					  RV3029 RTC.
808
809		Note that if the RTC uses I2C, then the I2C interface
810		must also be configured. See I2C Support, below.
811
812- GPIO Support:
813		CONFIG_PCA953X		- use NXP's PCA953X series I2C GPIO
814
815		The CONFIG_SYS_I2C_PCA953X_WIDTH option specifies a list of
816		chip-ngpio pairs that tell the PCA953X driver the number of
817		pins supported by a particular chip.
818
819		Note that if the GPIO device uses I2C, then the I2C interface
820		must also be configured. See I2C Support, below.
821
822- I/O tracing:
823		When CONFIG_IO_TRACE is selected, U-Boot intercepts all I/O
824		accesses and can checksum them or write a list of them out
825		to memory. See the 'iotrace' command for details. This is
826		useful for testing device drivers since it can confirm that
827		the driver behaves the same way before and after a code
828		change. Currently this is supported on sandbox and arm. To
829		add support for your architecture, add '#include <iotrace.h>'
830		to the bottom of arch/<arch>/include/asm/io.h and test.
831
832		Example output from the 'iotrace stats' command is below.
833		Note that if the trace buffer is exhausted, the checksum will
834		still continue to operate.
835
836			iotrace is enabled
837			Start:  10000000	(buffer start address)
838			Size:   00010000	(buffer size)
839			Offset: 00000120	(current buffer offset)
840			Output: 10000120	(start + offset)
841			Count:  00000018	(number of trace records)
842			CRC32:  9526fb66	(CRC32 of all trace records)
843
844- Timestamp Support:
845
846		When CONFIG_TIMESTAMP is selected, the timestamp
847		(date and time) of an image is printed by image
848		commands like bootm or iminfo. This option is
849		automatically enabled when you select CONFIG_CMD_DATE .
850
851- Partition Labels (disklabels) Supported:
852		Zero or more of the following:
853		CONFIG_MAC_PARTITION   Apple's MacOS partition table.
854		CONFIG_ISO_PARTITION   ISO partition table, used on CDROM etc.
855		CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION   GPT partition table, common when EFI is the
856				       bootloader.  Note 2TB partition limit; see
857				       disk/part_efi.c
858		CONFIG_SCSI) you must configure support for at
859		least one non-MTD partition type as well.
860
861- IDE Reset method:
862		CONFIG_IDE_RESET_ROUTINE - this is defined in several
863		board configurations files but used nowhere!
864
865		CONFIG_IDE_RESET - is this is defined, IDE Reset will
866		be performed by calling the function
867			ide_set_reset(int reset)
868		which has to be defined in a board specific file
869
870- ATAPI Support:
871		CONFIG_ATAPI
872
873		Set this to enable ATAPI support.
874
875- LBA48 Support
876		CONFIG_LBA48
877
878		Set this to enable support for disks larger than 137GB
879		Also look at CONFIG_SYS_64BIT_LBA.
880		Whithout these , LBA48 support uses 32bit variables and will 'only'
881		support disks up to 2.1TB.
882
883		CONFIG_SYS_64BIT_LBA:
884			When enabled, makes the IDE subsystem use 64bit sector addresses.
885			Default is 32bit.
886
887- SCSI Support:
888		CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_LUN [8], CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_SCSI_ID [7] and
889		CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_DEVICE [CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_SCSI_ID *
890		CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_LUN] can be adjusted to define the
891		maximum numbers of LUNs, SCSI ID's and target
892		devices.
893
894		The environment variable 'scsidevs' is set to the number of
895		SCSI devices found during the last scan.
896
897- NETWORK Support (PCI):
898		CONFIG_E1000
899		Support for Intel 8254x/8257x gigabit chips.
900
901		CONFIG_E1000_SPI
902		Utility code for direct access to the SPI bus on Intel 8257x.
903		This does not do anything useful unless you set at least one
904		of CONFIG_CMD_E1000 or CONFIG_E1000_SPI_GENERIC.
905
906		CONFIG_E1000_SPI_GENERIC
907		Allow generic access to the SPI bus on the Intel 8257x, for
908		example with the "sspi" command.
909
910		CONFIG_EEPRO100
911		Support for Intel 82557/82559/82559ER chips.
912		Optional CONFIG_EEPRO100_SROM_WRITE enables EEPROM
913		write routine for first time initialisation.
914
915		CONFIG_TULIP
916		Support for Digital 2114x chips.
917		Optional CONFIG_TULIP_SELECT_MEDIA for board specific
918		modem chip initialisation (KS8761/QS6611).
919
920		CONFIG_NATSEMI
921		Support for National dp83815 chips.
922
923		CONFIG_NS8382X
924		Support for National dp8382[01] gigabit chips.
925
926- NETWORK Support (other):
927
928		CONFIG_DRIVER_AT91EMAC
929		Support for AT91RM9200 EMAC.
930
931			CONFIG_RMII
932			Define this to use reduced MII inteface
933
934			CONFIG_DRIVER_AT91EMAC_QUIET
935			If this defined, the driver is quiet.
936			The driver doen't show link status messages.
937
938		CONFIG_CALXEDA_XGMAC
939		Support for the Calxeda XGMAC device
940
941		CONFIG_LAN91C96
942		Support for SMSC's LAN91C96 chips.
943
944			CONFIG_LAN91C96_USE_32_BIT
945			Define this to enable 32 bit addressing
946
947		CONFIG_SMC91111
948		Support for SMSC's LAN91C111 chip
949
950			CONFIG_SMC91111_BASE
951			Define this to hold the physical address
952			of the device (I/O space)
953
954			CONFIG_SMC_USE_32_BIT
955			Define this if data bus is 32 bits
956
957			CONFIG_SMC_USE_IOFUNCS
958			Define this to use i/o functions instead of macros
959			(some hardware wont work with macros)
960
961			CONFIG_SYS_DAVINCI_EMAC_PHY_COUNT
962			Define this if you have more then 3 PHYs.
963
964		CONFIG_FTGMAC100
965		Support for Faraday's FTGMAC100 Gigabit SoC Ethernet
966
967			CONFIG_FTGMAC100_EGIGA
968			Define this to use GE link update with gigabit PHY.
969			Define this if FTGMAC100 is connected to gigabit PHY.
970			If your system has 10/100 PHY only, it might not occur
971			wrong behavior. Because PHY usually return timeout or
972			useless data when polling gigabit status and gigabit
973			control registers. This behavior won't affect the
974			correctnessof 10/100 link speed update.
975
976		CONFIG_SH_ETHER
977		Support for Renesas on-chip Ethernet controller
978
979			CONFIG_SH_ETHER_USE_PORT
980			Define the number of ports to be used
981
982			CONFIG_SH_ETHER_PHY_ADDR
983			Define the ETH PHY's address
984
985			CONFIG_SH_ETHER_CACHE_WRITEBACK
986			If this option is set, the driver enables cache flush.
987
988- PWM Support:
989		CONFIG_PWM_IMX
990		Support for PWM module on the imx6.
991
992- TPM Support:
993		CONFIG_TPM
994		Support TPM devices.
995
996		CONFIG_TPM_TIS_INFINEON
997		Support for Infineon i2c bus TPM devices. Only one device
998		per system is supported at this time.
999
1000			CONFIG_TPM_TIS_I2C_BURST_LIMITATION
1001			Define the burst count bytes upper limit
1002
1003		CONFIG_TPM_ST33ZP24
1004		Support for STMicroelectronics TPM devices. Requires DM_TPM support.
1005
1006			CONFIG_TPM_ST33ZP24_I2C
1007			Support for STMicroelectronics ST33ZP24 I2C devices.
1008			Requires TPM_ST33ZP24 and I2C.
1009
1010			CONFIG_TPM_ST33ZP24_SPI
1011			Support for STMicroelectronics ST33ZP24 SPI devices.
1012			Requires TPM_ST33ZP24 and SPI.
1013
1014		CONFIG_TPM_ATMEL_TWI
1015		Support for Atmel TWI TPM device. Requires I2C support.
1016
1017		CONFIG_TPM_TIS_LPC
1018		Support for generic parallel port TPM devices. Only one device
1019		per system is supported at this time.
1020
1021			CONFIG_TPM_TIS_BASE_ADDRESS
1022			Base address where the generic TPM device is mapped
1023			to. Contemporary x86 systems usually map it at
1024			0xfed40000.
1025
1026		CONFIG_TPM
1027		Define this to enable the TPM support library which provides
1028		functional interfaces to some TPM commands.
1029		Requires support for a TPM device.
1030
1031		CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS
1032		Define this to enable authorized functions in the TPM library.
1033		Requires CONFIG_TPM and CONFIG_SHA1.
1034
1035- USB Support:
1036		At the moment only the UHCI host controller is
1037		supported (PIP405, MIP405); define
1038		CONFIG_USB_UHCI to enable it.
1039		define CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD to enable the USB Keyboard
1040		and define CONFIG_USB_STORAGE to enable the USB
1041		storage devices.
1042		Note:
1043		Supported are USB Keyboards and USB Floppy drives
1044		(TEAC FD-05PUB).
1045
1046		CONFIG_USB_EHCI_TXFIFO_THRESH enables setting of the
1047		txfilltuning field in the EHCI controller on reset.
1048
1049		CONFIG_USB_DWC2_REG_ADDR the physical CPU address of the DWC2
1050		HW module registers.
1051
1052- USB Device:
1053		Define the below if you wish to use the USB console.
1054		Once firmware is rebuilt from a serial console issue the
1055		command "setenv stdin usbtty; setenv stdout usbtty" and
1056		attach your USB cable. The Unix command "dmesg" should print
1057		it has found a new device. The environment variable usbtty
1058		can be set to gserial or cdc_acm to enable your device to
1059		appear to a USB host as a Linux gserial device or a
1060		Common Device Class Abstract Control Model serial device.
1061		If you select usbtty = gserial you should be able to enumerate
1062		a Linux host by
1063		# modprobe usbserial vendor=0xVendorID product=0xProductID
1064		else if using cdc_acm, simply setting the environment
1065		variable usbtty to be cdc_acm should suffice. The following
1066		might be defined in YourBoardName.h
1067
1068			CONFIG_USB_DEVICE
1069			Define this to build a UDC device
1070
1071			CONFIG_USB_TTY
1072			Define this to have a tty type of device available to
1073			talk to the UDC device
1074
1075			CONFIG_USBD_HS
1076			Define this to enable the high speed support for usb
1077			device and usbtty. If this feature is enabled, a routine
1078			int is_usbd_high_speed(void)
1079			also needs to be defined by the driver to dynamically poll
1080			whether the enumeration has succeded at high speed or full
1081			speed.
1082
1083			CONFIG_SYS_CONSOLE_IS_IN_ENV
1084			Define this if you want stdin, stdout &/or stderr to
1085			be set to usbtty.
1086
1087		If you have a USB-IF assigned VendorID then you may wish to
1088		define your own vendor specific values either in BoardName.h
1089		or directly in usbd_vendor_info.h. If you don't define
1090		CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER, CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME,
1091		CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID and CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID, then U-Boot
1092		should pretend to be a Linux device to it's target host.
1093
1094			CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER
1095			Define this string as the name of your company for
1096			- CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER "my company"
1097
1098			CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME
1099			Define this string as the name of your product
1100			- CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME "acme usb device"
1101
1102			CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID
1103			Define this as your assigned Vendor ID from the USB
1104			Implementors Forum. This *must* be a genuine Vendor ID
1105			to avoid polluting the USB namespace.
1106			- CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID 0xFFFF
1107
1108			CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID
1109			Define this as the unique Product ID
1110			for your device
1111			- CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID 0xFFFF
1112
1113- ULPI Layer Support:
1114		The ULPI (UTMI Low Pin (count) Interface) PHYs are supported via
1115		the generic ULPI layer. The generic layer accesses the ULPI PHY
1116		via the platform viewport, so you need both the genric layer and
1117		the viewport enabled. Currently only Chipidea/ARC based
1118		viewport is supported.
1119		To enable the ULPI layer support, define CONFIG_USB_ULPI and
1120		CONFIG_USB_ULPI_VIEWPORT in your board configuration file.
1121		If your ULPI phy needs a different reference clock than the
1122		standard 24 MHz then you have to define CONFIG_ULPI_REF_CLK to
1123		the appropriate value in Hz.
1124
1125- MMC Support:
1126		The MMC controller on the Intel PXA is supported. To
1127		enable this define CONFIG_MMC. The MMC can be
1128		accessed from the boot prompt by mapping the device
1129		to physical memory similar to flash. Command line is
1130		enabled with CONFIG_CMD_MMC. The MMC driver also works with
1131		the FAT fs. This is enabled with CONFIG_CMD_FAT.
1132
1133		CONFIG_SH_MMCIF
1134		Support for Renesas on-chip MMCIF controller
1135
1136			CONFIG_SH_MMCIF_ADDR
1137			Define the base address of MMCIF registers
1138
1139			CONFIG_SH_MMCIF_CLK
1140			Define the clock frequency for MMCIF
1141
1142		CONFIG_SUPPORT_EMMC_BOOT
1143		Enable some additional features of the eMMC boot partitions.
1144
1145- USB Device Firmware Update (DFU) class support:
1146		CONFIG_DFU_OVER_USB
1147		This enables the USB portion of the DFU USB class
1148
1149		CONFIG_DFU_NAND
1150		This enables support for exposing NAND devices via DFU.
1151
1152		CONFIG_DFU_RAM
1153		This enables support for exposing RAM via DFU.
1154		Note: DFU spec refer to non-volatile memory usage, but
1155		allow usages beyond the scope of spec - here RAM usage,
1156		one that would help mostly the developer.
1157
1158		CONFIG_SYS_DFU_DATA_BUF_SIZE
1159		Dfu transfer uses a buffer before writing data to the
1160		raw storage device. Make the size (in bytes) of this buffer
1161		configurable. The size of this buffer is also configurable
1162		through the "dfu_bufsiz" environment variable.
1163
1164		CONFIG_SYS_DFU_MAX_FILE_SIZE
1165		When updating files rather than the raw storage device,
1166		we use a static buffer to copy the file into and then write
1167		the buffer once we've been given the whole file.  Define
1168		this to the maximum filesize (in bytes) for the buffer.
1169		Default is 4 MiB if undefined.
1170
1171		DFU_DEFAULT_POLL_TIMEOUT
1172		Poll timeout [ms], is the timeout a device can send to the
1173		host. The host must wait for this timeout before sending
1174		a subsequent DFU_GET_STATUS request to the device.
1175
1176		DFU_MANIFEST_POLL_TIMEOUT
1177		Poll timeout [ms], which the device sends to the host when
1178		entering dfuMANIFEST state. Host waits this timeout, before
1179		sending again an USB request to the device.
1180
1181- Journaling Flash filesystem support:
1182		CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND
1183		Define these for a default partition on a NAND device
1184
1185		CONFIG_SYS_JFFS2_FIRST_SECTOR,
1186		CONFIG_SYS_JFFS2_FIRST_BANK, CONFIG_SYS_JFFS2_NUM_BANKS
1187		Define these for a default partition on a NOR device
1188
1189- Keyboard Support:
1190		See Kconfig help for available keyboard drivers.
1191
1192		CONFIG_KEYBOARD
1193
1194		Define this to enable a custom keyboard support.
1195		This simply calls drv_keyboard_init() which must be
1196		defined in your board-specific files. This option is deprecated
1197		and is only used by novena. For new boards, use driver model
1198		instead.
1199
1200- Video support:
1201		CONFIG_FSL_DIU_FB
1202		Enable the Freescale DIU video driver.	Reference boards for
1203		SOCs that have a DIU should define this macro to enable DIU
1204		support, and should also define these other macros:
1205
1206			CONFIG_SYS_DIU_ADDR
1207			CONFIG_VIDEO
1208			CONFIG_CFB_CONSOLE
1209			CONFIG_VIDEO_SW_CURSOR
1210			CONFIG_VGA_AS_SINGLE_DEVICE
1211			CONFIG_VIDEO_LOGO
1212			CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_LOGO
1213
1214		The DIU driver will look for the 'video-mode' environment
1215		variable, and if defined, enable the DIU as a console during
1216		boot.  See the documentation file doc/README.video for a
1217		description of this variable.
1218
1219- LCD Support:	CONFIG_LCD
1220
1221		Define this to enable LCD support (for output to LCD
1222		display); also select one of the supported displays
1223		by defining one of these:
1224
1225		CONFIG_ATMEL_LCD:
1226
1227			HITACHI TX09D70VM1CCA, 3.5", 240x320.
1228
1229		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448AC33:
1230
1231			NEC NL6448AC33-18. Active, color, single scan.
1232
1233		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448BC20
1234
1235			NEC NL6448BC20-08. 6.5", 640x480.
1236			Active, color, single scan.
1237
1238		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448BC33_54
1239
1240			NEC NL6448BC33-54. 10.4", 640x480.
1241			Active, color, single scan.
1242
1243		CONFIG_SHARP_16x9
1244
1245			Sharp 320x240. Active, color, single scan.
1246			It isn't 16x9, and I am not sure what it is.
1247
1248		CONFIG_SHARP_LQ64D341
1249
1250			Sharp LQ64D341 display, 640x480.
1251			Active, color, single scan.
1252
1253		CONFIG_HLD1045
1254
1255			HLD1045 display, 640x480.
1256			Active, color, single scan.
1257
1258		CONFIG_OPTREX_BW
1259
1260			Optrex	 CBL50840-2 NF-FW 99 22 M5
1261			or
1262			Hitachi	 LMG6912RPFC-00T
1263			or
1264			Hitachi	 SP14Q002
1265
1266			320x240. Black & white.
1267
1268		CONFIG_LCD_ALIGNMENT
1269
1270		Normally the LCD is page-aligned (typically 4KB). If this is
1271		defined then the LCD will be aligned to this value instead.
1272		For ARM it is sometimes useful to use MMU_SECTION_SIZE
1273		here, since it is cheaper to change data cache settings on
1274		a per-section basis.
1275
1276
1277		CONFIG_LCD_ROTATION
1278
1279		Sometimes, for example if the display is mounted in portrait
1280		mode or even if it's mounted landscape but rotated by 180degree,
1281		we need to rotate our content of the display relative to the
1282		framebuffer, so that user can read the messages which are
1283		printed out.
1284		Once CONFIG_LCD_ROTATION is defined, the lcd_console will be
1285		initialized with a given rotation from "vl_rot" out of
1286		"vidinfo_t" which is provided by the board specific code.
1287		The value for vl_rot is coded as following (matching to
1288		fbcon=rotate:<n> linux-kernel commandline):
1289		0 = no rotation respectively 0 degree
1290		1 = 90 degree rotation
1291		2 = 180 degree rotation
1292		3 = 270 degree rotation
1293
1294		If CONFIG_LCD_ROTATION is not defined, the console will be
1295		initialized with 0degree rotation.
1296
1297		CONFIG_LCD_BMP_RLE8
1298
1299		Support drawing of RLE8-compressed bitmaps on the LCD.
1300
1301		CONFIG_I2C_EDID
1302
1303		Enables an 'i2c edid' command which can read EDID
1304		information over I2C from an attached LCD display.
1305
1306- Splash Screen Support: CONFIG_SPLASH_SCREEN
1307
1308		If this option is set, the environment is checked for
1309		a variable "splashimage". If found, the usual display
1310		of logo, copyright and system information on the LCD
1311		is suppressed and the BMP image at the address
1312		specified in "splashimage" is loaded instead. The
1313		console is redirected to the "nulldev", too. This
1314		allows for a "silent" boot where a splash screen is
1315		loaded very quickly after power-on.
1316
1317		CONFIG_SPLASHIMAGE_GUARD
1318
1319		If this option is set, then U-Boot will prevent the environment
1320		variable "splashimage" from being set to a problematic address
1321		(see doc/README.displaying-bmps).
1322		This option is useful for targets where, due to alignment
1323		restrictions, an improperly aligned BMP image will cause a data
1324		abort. If you think you will not have problems with unaligned
1325		accesses (for example because your toolchain prevents them)
1326		there is no need to set this option.
1327
1328		CONFIG_SPLASH_SCREEN_ALIGN
1329
1330		If this option is set the splash image can be freely positioned
1331		on the screen. Environment variable "splashpos" specifies the
1332		position as "x,y". If a positive number is given it is used as
1333		number of pixel from left/top. If a negative number is given it
1334		is used as number of pixel from right/bottom. You can also
1335		specify 'm' for centering the image.
1336
1337		Example:
1338		setenv splashpos m,m
1339			=> image at center of screen
1340
1341		setenv splashpos 30,20
1342			=> image at x = 30 and y = 20
1343
1344		setenv splashpos -10,m
1345			=> vertically centered image
1346			   at x = dspWidth - bmpWidth - 9
1347
1348- Gzip compressed BMP image support: CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_GZIP
1349
1350		If this option is set, additionally to standard BMP
1351		images, gzipped BMP images can be displayed via the
1352		splashscreen support or the bmp command.
1353
1354- Run length encoded BMP image (RLE8) support: CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_RLE8
1355
1356		If this option is set, 8-bit RLE compressed BMP images
1357		can be displayed via the splashscreen support or the
1358		bmp command.
1359
1360- Compression support:
1361		CONFIG_GZIP
1362
1363		Enabled by default to support gzip compressed images.
1364
1365		CONFIG_BZIP2
1366
1367		If this option is set, support for bzip2 compressed
1368		images is included. If not, only uncompressed and gzip
1369		compressed images are supported.
1370
1371		NOTE: the bzip2 algorithm requires a lot of RAM, so
1372		the malloc area (as defined by CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN) should
1373		be at least 4MB.
1374
1375- MII/PHY support:
1376		CONFIG_PHY_CLOCK_FREQ (ppc4xx)
1377
1378		The clock frequency of the MII bus
1379
1380		CONFIG_PHY_RESET_DELAY
1381
1382		Some PHY like Intel LXT971A need extra delay after
1383		reset before any MII register access is possible.
1384		For such PHY, set this option to the usec delay
1385		required. (minimum 300usec for LXT971A)
1386
1387		CONFIG_PHY_CMD_DELAY (ppc4xx)
1388
1389		Some PHY like Intel LXT971A need extra delay after
1390		command issued before MII status register can be read
1391
1392- IP address:
1393		CONFIG_IPADDR
1394
1395		Define a default value for the IP address to use for
1396		the default Ethernet interface, in case this is not
1397		determined through e.g. bootp.
1398		(Environment variable "ipaddr")
1399
1400- Server IP address:
1401		CONFIG_SERVERIP
1402
1403		Defines a default value for the IP address of a TFTP
1404		server to contact when using the "tftboot" command.
1405		(Environment variable "serverip")
1406
1407		CONFIG_KEEP_SERVERADDR
1408
1409		Keeps the server's MAC address, in the env 'serveraddr'
1410		for passing to bootargs (like Linux's netconsole option)
1411
1412- Gateway IP address:
1413		CONFIG_GATEWAYIP
1414
1415		Defines a default value for the IP address of the
1416		default router where packets to other networks are
1417		sent to.
1418		(Environment variable "gatewayip")
1419
1420- Subnet mask:
1421		CONFIG_NETMASK
1422
1423		Defines a default value for the subnet mask (or
1424		routing prefix) which is used to determine if an IP
1425		address belongs to the local subnet or needs to be
1426		forwarded through a router.
1427		(Environment variable "netmask")
1428
1429- BOOTP Recovery Mode:
1430		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY
1431
1432		If you have many targets in a network that try to
1433		boot using BOOTP, you may want to avoid that all
1434		systems send out BOOTP requests at precisely the same
1435		moment (which would happen for instance at recovery
1436		from a power failure, when all systems will try to
1437		boot, thus flooding the BOOTP server. Defining
1438		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY causes a random delay to be
1439		inserted before sending out BOOTP requests. The
1440		following delays are inserted then:
1441
1442		1st BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 1 sec
1443		2nd BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 2 sec
1444		3rd BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 4 sec
1445		4th and following
1446		BOOTP requests:		delay 0 ... 8 sec
1447
1448		CONFIG_BOOTP_ID_CACHE_SIZE
1449
1450		BOOTP packets are uniquely identified using a 32-bit ID. The
1451		server will copy the ID from client requests to responses and
1452		U-Boot will use this to determine if it is the destination of
1453		an incoming response. Some servers will check that addresses
1454		aren't in use before handing them out (usually using an ARP
1455		ping) and therefore take up to a few hundred milliseconds to
1456		respond. Network congestion may also influence the time it
1457		takes for a response to make it back to the client. If that
1458		time is too long, U-Boot will retransmit requests. In order
1459		to allow earlier responses to still be accepted after these
1460		retransmissions, U-Boot's BOOTP client keeps a small cache of
1461		IDs. The CONFIG_BOOTP_ID_CACHE_SIZE controls the size of this
1462		cache. The default is to keep IDs for up to four outstanding
1463		requests. Increasing this will allow U-Boot to accept offers
1464		from a BOOTP client in networks with unusually high latency.
1465
1466- DHCP Advanced Options:
1467		You can fine tune the DHCP functionality by defining
1468		CONFIG_BOOTP_* symbols:
1469
1470		CONFIG_BOOTP_NISDOMAIN
1471		CONFIG_BOOTP_BOOTFILESIZE
1472		CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME
1473		CONFIG_BOOTP_NTPSERVER
1474		CONFIG_BOOTP_TIMEOFFSET
1475		CONFIG_BOOTP_VENDOREX
1476		CONFIG_BOOTP_MAY_FAIL
1477
1478		CONFIG_BOOTP_SERVERIP - TFTP server will be the serverip
1479		environment variable, not the BOOTP server.
1480
1481		CONFIG_BOOTP_MAY_FAIL - If the DHCP server is not found
1482		after the configured retry count, the call will fail
1483		instead of starting over.  This can be used to fail over
1484		to Link-local IP address configuration if the DHCP server
1485		is not available.
1486
1487		CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME - Some DHCP servers are capable
1488		to do a dynamic update of a DNS server. To do this, they
1489		need the hostname of the DHCP requester.
1490		If CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME is defined, the content
1491		of the "hostname" environment variable is passed as
1492		option 12 to the DHCP server.
1493
1494		CONFIG_BOOTP_DHCP_REQUEST_DELAY
1495
1496		A 32bit value in microseconds for a delay between
1497		receiving a "DHCP Offer" and sending the "DHCP Request".
1498		This fixes a problem with certain DHCP servers that don't
1499		respond 100% of the time to a "DHCP request". E.g. On an
1500		AT91RM9200 processor running at 180MHz, this delay needed
1501		to be *at least* 15,000 usec before a Windows Server 2003
1502		DHCP server would reply 100% of the time. I recommend at
1503		least 50,000 usec to be safe. The alternative is to hope
1504		that one of the retries will be successful but note that
1505		the DHCP timeout and retry process takes a longer than
1506		this delay.
1507
1508 - Link-local IP address negotiation:
1509		Negotiate with other link-local clients on the local network
1510		for an address that doesn't require explicit configuration.
1511		This is especially useful if a DHCP server cannot be guaranteed
1512		to exist in all environments that the device must operate.
1513
1514		See doc/README.link-local for more information.
1515
1516 - MAC address from environment variables
1517
1518		FDT_SEQ_MACADDR_FROM_ENV
1519
1520		Fix-up device tree with MAC addresses fetched sequentially from
1521		environment variables. This config work on assumption that
1522		non-usable ethernet node of device-tree are either not present
1523		or their status has been marked as "disabled".
1524
1525 - CDP Options:
1526		CONFIG_CDP_DEVICE_ID
1527
1528		The device id used in CDP trigger frames.
1529
1530		CONFIG_CDP_DEVICE_ID_PREFIX
1531
1532		A two character string which is prefixed to the MAC address
1533		of the device.
1534
1535		CONFIG_CDP_PORT_ID
1536
1537		A printf format string which contains the ascii name of
1538		the port. Normally is set to "eth%d" which sets
1539		eth0 for the first Ethernet, eth1 for the second etc.
1540
1541		CONFIG_CDP_CAPABILITIES
1542
1543		A 32bit integer which indicates the device capabilities;
1544		0x00000010 for a normal host which does not forwards.
1545
1546		CONFIG_CDP_VERSION
1547
1548		An ascii string containing the version of the software.
1549
1550		CONFIG_CDP_PLATFORM
1551
1552		An ascii string containing the name of the platform.
1553
1554		CONFIG_CDP_TRIGGER
1555
1556		A 32bit integer sent on the trigger.
1557
1558		CONFIG_CDP_POWER_CONSUMPTION
1559
1560		A 16bit integer containing the power consumption of the
1561		device in .1 of milliwatts.
1562
1563		CONFIG_CDP_APPLIANCE_VLAN_TYPE
1564
1565		A byte containing the id of the VLAN.
1566
1567- Status LED:	CONFIG_LED_STATUS
1568
1569		Several configurations allow to display the current
1570		status using a LED. For instance, the LED will blink
1571		fast while running U-Boot code, stop blinking as
1572		soon as a reply to a BOOTP request was received, and
1573		start blinking slow once the Linux kernel is running
1574		(supported by a status LED driver in the Linux
1575		kernel). Defining CONFIG_LED_STATUS enables this
1576		feature in U-Boot.
1577
1578		Additional options:
1579
1580		CONFIG_LED_STATUS_GPIO
1581		The status LED can be connected to a GPIO pin.
1582		In such cases, the gpio_led driver can be used as a
1583		status LED backend implementation. Define CONFIG_LED_STATUS_GPIO
1584		to include the gpio_led driver in the U-Boot binary.
1585
1586		CONFIG_GPIO_LED_INVERTED_TABLE
1587		Some GPIO connected LEDs may have inverted polarity in which
1588		case the GPIO high value corresponds to LED off state and
1589		GPIO low value corresponds to LED on state.
1590		In such cases CONFIG_GPIO_LED_INVERTED_TABLE may be defined
1591		with a list of GPIO LEDs that have inverted polarity.
1592
1593- I2C Support:	CONFIG_SYS_I2C
1594
1595		This enable the NEW i2c subsystem, and will allow you to use
1596		i2c commands at the u-boot command line (as long as you set
1597		CONFIG_CMD_I2C in CONFIG_COMMANDS) and communicate with i2c
1598		based realtime clock chips or other i2c devices. See
1599		common/cmd_i2c.c for a description of the command line
1600		interface.
1601
1602		ported i2c driver to the new framework:
1603		- drivers/i2c/soft_i2c.c:
1604		  - activate first bus with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT define
1605		    CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SPEED and CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SLAVE
1606		    for defining speed and slave address
1607		  - activate second bus with I2C_SOFT_DECLARATIONS2 define
1608		    CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SPEED_2 and CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SLAVE_2
1609		    for defining speed and slave address
1610		  - activate third bus with I2C_SOFT_DECLARATIONS3 define
1611		    CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SPEED_3 and CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SLAVE_3
1612		    for defining speed and slave address
1613		  - activate fourth bus with I2C_SOFT_DECLARATIONS4 define
1614		    CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SPEED_4 and CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SLAVE_4
1615		    for defining speed and slave address
1616
1617		- drivers/i2c/fsl_i2c.c:
1618		  - activate i2c driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_FSL
1619		    define CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C_OFFSET for setting the register
1620		    offset CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C_SPEED for the i2c speed and
1621		    CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C_SLAVE for the slave addr of the first
1622		    bus.
1623		  - If your board supports a second fsl i2c bus, define
1624		    CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C2_OFFSET for the register offset
1625		    CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C2_SPEED for the speed and
1626		    CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C2_SLAVE for the slave address of the
1627		    second bus.
1628
1629		- drivers/i2c/tegra_i2c.c:
1630		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_TEGRA
1631		  - This driver adds 4 i2c buses with a fix speed from
1632		    100000 and the slave addr 0!
1633
1634		- drivers/i2c/ppc4xx_i2c.c
1635		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_PPC4XX
1636		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_PPC4XX_CH0 activate hardware channel 0
1637		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_PPC4XX_CH1 activate hardware channel 1
1638
1639		- drivers/i2c/i2c_mxc.c
1640		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC
1641		  - enable bus 1 with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC_I2C1
1642		  - enable bus 2 with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC_I2C2
1643		  - enable bus 3 with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC_I2C3
1644		  - enable bus 4 with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC_I2C4
1645		  - define speed for bus 1 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C1_SPEED
1646		  - define slave for bus 1 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C1_SLAVE
1647		  - define speed for bus 2 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C2_SPEED
1648		  - define slave for bus 2 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C2_SLAVE
1649		  - define speed for bus 3 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C3_SPEED
1650		  - define slave for bus 3 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C3_SLAVE
1651		  - define speed for bus 4 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C4_SPEED
1652		  - define slave for bus 4 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C4_SLAVE
1653		If those defines are not set, default value is 100000
1654		for speed, and 0 for slave.
1655
1656		- drivers/i2c/rcar_i2c.c:
1657		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_RCAR
1658		  - This driver adds 4 i2c buses
1659
1660		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C0_BASE for setting the register channel 0
1661		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C0_SPEED for for the speed channel 0
1662		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C1_BASE for setting the register channel 1
1663		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C1_SPEED for for the speed channel 1
1664		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C2_BASE for setting the register channel 2
1665		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C2_SPEED for for the speed channel 2
1666		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C3_BASE for setting the register channel 3
1667		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C3_SPEED for for the speed channel 3
1668		  - CONFIF_SYS_RCAR_I2C_NUM_CONTROLLERS for number of i2c buses
1669
1670		- drivers/i2c/sh_i2c.c:
1671		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH
1672		  - This driver adds from 2 to 5 i2c buses
1673
1674		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE0 for setting the register channel 0
1675		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED0 for for the speed channel 0
1676		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE1 for setting the register channel 1
1677		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED1 for for the speed channel 1
1678		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE2 for setting the register channel 2
1679		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED2 for for the speed channel 2
1680		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE3 for setting the register channel 3
1681		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED3 for for the speed channel 3
1682		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE4 for setting the register channel 4
1683		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED4 for for the speed channel 4
1684		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_NUM_CONTROLLERS for number of i2c buses
1685
1686		- drivers/i2c/omap24xx_i2c.c
1687		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_OMAP24XX
1688		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED speed channel 0
1689		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE slave addr channel 0
1690		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED1 speed channel 1
1691		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE1 slave addr channel 1
1692		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED2 speed channel 2
1693		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE2 slave addr channel 2
1694		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED3 speed channel 3
1695		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE3 slave addr channel 3
1696		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED4 speed channel 4
1697		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE4 slave addr channel 4
1698
1699		- drivers/i2c/s3c24x0_i2c.c:
1700		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_S3C24X0
1701		  - This driver adds i2c buses (11 for Exynos5250, Exynos5420
1702		    9 i2c buses for Exynos4 and 1 for S3C24X0 SoCs from Samsung)
1703		    with a fix speed from 100000 and the slave addr 0!
1704
1705		- drivers/i2c/ihs_i2c.c
1706		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS
1707		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_CH0 activate hardware channel 0
1708		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_0 speed channel 0
1709		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_0 slave addr channel 0
1710		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_CH1 activate hardware channel 1
1711		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_1 speed channel 1
1712		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_1 slave addr channel 1
1713		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_CH2 activate hardware channel 2
1714		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_2 speed channel 2
1715		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_2 slave addr channel 2
1716		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_CH3 activate hardware channel 3
1717		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_3 speed channel 3
1718		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_3 slave addr channel 3
1719		  - activate dual channel with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_DUAL
1720		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_0_1 speed channel 0_1
1721		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_0_1 slave addr channel 0_1
1722		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_1_1 speed channel 1_1
1723		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_1_1 slave addr channel 1_1
1724		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_2_1 speed channel 2_1
1725		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_2_1 slave addr channel 2_1
1726		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_3_1 speed channel 3_1
1727		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_3_1 slave addr channel 3_1
1728
1729		additional defines:
1730
1731		CONFIG_SYS_NUM_I2C_BUSES
1732		Hold the number of i2c buses you want to use.
1733
1734		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_DIRECT_BUS
1735		define this, if you don't use i2c muxes on your hardware.
1736		if CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MAX_HOPS is not defined or == 0 you can
1737		omit this define.
1738
1739		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MAX_HOPS
1740		define how many muxes are maximal consecutively connected
1741		on one i2c bus. If you not use i2c muxes, omit this
1742		define.
1743
1744		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_BUSES
1745		hold a list of buses you want to use, only used if
1746		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_DIRECT_BUS is not defined, for example
1747		a board with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MAX_HOPS = 1 and
1748		CONFIG_SYS_NUM_I2C_BUSES = 9:
1749
1750		 CONFIG_SYS_I2C_BUSES	{{0, {I2C_NULL_HOP}}, \
1751					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 1}}}, \
1752					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 2}}}, \
1753					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 3}}}, \
1754					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 4}}}, \
1755					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 5}}}, \
1756					{1, {I2C_NULL_HOP}}, \
1757					{1, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9544, 0x72, 1}}}, \
1758					{1, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9544, 0x72, 2}}}, \
1759					}
1760
1761		which defines
1762			bus 0 on adapter 0 without a mux
1763			bus 1 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 1
1764			bus 2 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 2
1765			bus 3 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 3
1766			bus 4 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 4
1767			bus 5 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 5
1768			bus 6 on adapter 1 without a mux
1769			bus 7 on adapter 1 with a PCA9544 on address 0x72 port 1
1770			bus 8 on adapter 1 with a PCA9544 on address 0x72 port 2
1771
1772		If you do not have i2c muxes on your board, omit this define.
1773
1774- Legacy I2C Support:
1775		If you use the software i2c interface (CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT)
1776		then the following macros need to be defined (examples are
1777		from include/configs/lwmon.h):
1778
1779		I2C_INIT
1780
1781		(Optional). Any commands necessary to enable the I2C
1782		controller or configure ports.
1783
1784		eg: #define I2C_INIT (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir |=	PB_SCL)
1785
1786		I2C_ACTIVE
1787
1788		The code necessary to make the I2C data line active
1789		(driven).  If the data line is open collector, this
1790		define can be null.
1791
1792		eg: #define I2C_ACTIVE (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir |=  PB_SDA)
1793
1794		I2C_TRISTATE
1795
1796		The code necessary to make the I2C data line tri-stated
1797		(inactive).  If the data line is open collector, this
1798		define can be null.
1799
1800		eg: #define I2C_TRISTATE (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir &= ~PB_SDA)
1801
1802		I2C_READ
1803
1804		Code that returns true if the I2C data line is high,
1805		false if it is low.
1806
1807		eg: #define I2C_READ ((immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat & PB_SDA) != 0)
1808
1809		I2C_SDA(bit)
1810
1811		If <bit> is true, sets the I2C data line high. If it
1812		is false, it clears it (low).
1813
1814		eg: #define I2C_SDA(bit) \
1815			if(bit) immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat |=  PB_SDA; \
1816			else	immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat &= ~PB_SDA
1817
1818		I2C_SCL(bit)
1819
1820		If <bit> is true, sets the I2C clock line high. If it
1821		is false, it clears it (low).
1822
1823		eg: #define I2C_SCL(bit) \
1824			if(bit) immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat |=  PB_SCL; \
1825			else	immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat &= ~PB_SCL
1826
1827		I2C_DELAY
1828
1829		This delay is invoked four times per clock cycle so this
1830		controls the rate of data transfer.  The data rate thus
1831		is 1 / (I2C_DELAY * 4). Often defined to be something
1832		like:
1833
1834		#define I2C_DELAY  udelay(2)
1835
1836		CONFIG_SOFT_I2C_GPIO_SCL / CONFIG_SOFT_I2C_GPIO_SDA
1837
1838		If your arch supports the generic GPIO framework (asm/gpio.h),
1839		then you may alternatively define the two GPIOs that are to be
1840		used as SCL / SDA.  Any of the previous I2C_xxx macros will
1841		have GPIO-based defaults assigned to them as appropriate.
1842
1843		You should define these to the GPIO value as given directly to
1844		the generic GPIO functions.
1845
1846		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_INIT_BOARD
1847
1848		When a board is reset during an i2c bus transfer
1849		chips might think that the current transfer is still
1850		in progress. On some boards it is possible to access
1851		the i2c SCLK line directly, either by using the
1852		processor pin as a GPIO or by having a second pin
1853		connected to the bus. If this option is defined a
1854		custom i2c_init_board() routine in boards/xxx/board.c
1855		is run early in the boot sequence.
1856
1857		CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1858
1859		This option allows the use of multiple I2C buses, each of which
1860		must have a controller.	 At any point in time, only one bus is
1861		active.	 To switch to a different bus, use the 'i2c dev' command.
1862		Note that bus numbering is zero-based.
1863
1864		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_NOPROBES
1865
1866		This option specifies a list of I2C devices that will be skipped
1867		when the 'i2c probe' command is issued.	 If CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1868		is set, specify a list of bus-device pairs.  Otherwise, specify
1869		a 1D array of device addresses
1870
1871		e.g.
1872			#undef	CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1873			#define CONFIG_SYS_I2C_NOPROBES {0x50,0x68}
1874
1875		will skip addresses 0x50 and 0x68 on a board with one I2C bus
1876
1877			#define CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1878			#define CONFIG_SYS_I2C_NOPROBES	{{0,0x50},{0,0x68},{1,0x54}}
1879
1880		will skip addresses 0x50 and 0x68 on bus 0 and address 0x54 on bus 1
1881
1882		CONFIG_SYS_SPD_BUS_NUM
1883
1884		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for DDR SPD.
1885		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that SPD is on I2C bus 0.
1886
1887		CONFIG_SYS_RTC_BUS_NUM
1888
1889		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for the RTC.
1890		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that RTC is on I2C bus 0.
1891
1892		CONFIG_SOFT_I2C_READ_REPEATED_START
1893
1894		defining this will force the i2c_read() function in
1895		the soft_i2c driver to perform an I2C repeated start
1896		between writing the address pointer and reading the
1897		data.  If this define is omitted the default behaviour
1898		of doing a stop-start sequence will be used.  Most I2C
1899		devices can use either method, but some require one or
1900		the other.
1901
1902- SPI Support:	CONFIG_SPI
1903
1904		Enables SPI driver (so far only tested with
1905		SPI EEPROM, also an instance works with Crystal A/D and
1906		D/As on the SACSng board)
1907
1908		CONFIG_SOFT_SPI
1909
1910		Enables a software (bit-bang) SPI driver rather than
1911		using hardware support. This is a general purpose
1912		driver that only requires three general I/O port pins
1913		(two outputs, one input) to function. If this is
1914		defined, the board configuration must define several
1915		SPI configuration items (port pins to use, etc). For
1916		an example, see include/configs/sacsng.h.
1917
1918		CONFIG_SYS_SPI_MXC_WAIT
1919		Timeout for waiting until spi transfer completed.
1920		default: (CONFIG_SYS_HZ/100)     /* 10 ms */
1921
1922- FPGA Support: CONFIG_FPGA
1923
1924		Enables FPGA subsystem.
1925
1926		CONFIG_FPGA_<vendor>
1927
1928		Enables support for specific chip vendors.
1929		(ALTERA, XILINX)
1930
1931		CONFIG_FPGA_<family>
1932
1933		Enables support for FPGA family.
1934		(SPARTAN2, SPARTAN3, VIRTEX2, CYCLONE2, ACEX1K, ACEX)
1935
1936		CONFIG_FPGA_COUNT
1937
1938		Specify the number of FPGA devices to support.
1939
1940		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_PROG_FEEDBACK
1941
1942		Enable printing of hash marks during FPGA configuration.
1943
1944		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_CHECK_BUSY
1945
1946		Enable checks on FPGA configuration interface busy
1947		status by the configuration function. This option
1948		will require a board or device specific function to
1949		be written.
1950
1951		CONFIG_FPGA_DELAY
1952
1953		If defined, a function that provides delays in the FPGA
1954		configuration driver.
1955
1956		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_CHECK_CTRLC
1957		Allow Control-C to interrupt FPGA configuration
1958
1959		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_CHECK_ERROR
1960
1961		Check for configuration errors during FPGA bitfile
1962		loading. For example, abort during Virtex II
1963		configuration if the INIT_B line goes low (which
1964		indicated a CRC error).
1965
1966		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_WAIT_INIT
1967
1968		Maximum time to wait for the INIT_B line to de-assert
1969		after PROB_B has been de-asserted during a Virtex II
1970		FPGA configuration sequence. The default time is 500
1971		ms.
1972
1973		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_WAIT_BUSY
1974
1975		Maximum time to wait for BUSY to de-assert during
1976		Virtex II FPGA configuration. The default is 5 ms.
1977
1978		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_WAIT_CONFIG
1979
1980		Time to wait after FPGA configuration. The default is
1981		200 ms.
1982
1983- Configuration Management:
1984
1985		CONFIG_IDENT_STRING
1986
1987		If defined, this string will be added to the U-Boot
1988		version information (U_BOOT_VERSION)
1989
1990- Vendor Parameter Protection:
1991
1992		U-Boot considers the values of the environment
1993		variables "serial#" (Board Serial Number) and
1994		"ethaddr" (Ethernet Address) to be parameters that
1995		are set once by the board vendor / manufacturer, and
1996		protects these variables from casual modification by
1997		the user. Once set, these variables are read-only,
1998		and write or delete attempts are rejected. You can
1999		change this behaviour:
2000
2001		If CONFIG_ENV_OVERWRITE is #defined in your config
2002		file, the write protection for vendor parameters is
2003		completely disabled. Anybody can change or delete
2004		these parameters.
2005
2006		Alternatively, if you define _both_ an ethaddr in the
2007		default env _and_ CONFIG_OVERWRITE_ETHADDR_ONCE, a default
2008		Ethernet address is installed in the environment,
2009		which can be changed exactly ONCE by the user. [The
2010		serial# is unaffected by this, i. e. it remains
2011		read-only.]
2012
2013		The same can be accomplished in a more flexible way
2014		for any variable by configuring the type of access
2015		to allow for those variables in the ".flags" variable
2016		or define CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_STATIC.
2017
2018- Protected RAM:
2019		CONFIG_PRAM
2020
2021		Define this variable to enable the reservation of
2022		"protected RAM", i. e. RAM which is not overwritten
2023		by U-Boot. Define CONFIG_PRAM to hold the number of
2024		kB you want to reserve for pRAM. You can overwrite
2025		this default value by defining an environment
2026		variable "pram" to the number of kB you want to
2027		reserve. Note that the board info structure will
2028		still show the full amount of RAM. If pRAM is
2029		reserved, a new environment variable "mem" will
2030		automatically be defined to hold the amount of
2031		remaining RAM in a form that can be passed as boot
2032		argument to Linux, for instance like that:
2033
2034			setenv bootargs ... mem=\${mem}
2035			saveenv
2036
2037		This way you can tell Linux not to use this memory,
2038		either, which results in a memory region that will
2039		not be affected by reboots.
2040
2041		*WARNING* If your board configuration uses automatic
2042		detection of the RAM size, you must make sure that
2043		this memory test is non-destructive. So far, the
2044		following board configurations are known to be
2045		"pRAM-clean":
2046
2047			IVMS8, IVML24, SPD8xx,
2048			HERMES, IP860, RPXlite, LWMON,
2049			FLAGADM
2050
2051- Access to physical memory region (> 4GB)
2052		Some basic support is provided for operations on memory not
2053		normally accessible to U-Boot - e.g. some architectures
2054		support access to more than 4GB of memory on 32-bit
2055		machines using physical address extension or similar.
2056		Define CONFIG_PHYSMEM to access this basic support, which
2057		currently only supports clearing the memory.
2058
2059- Error Recovery:
2060		CONFIG_NET_RETRY_COUNT
2061
2062		This variable defines the number of retries for
2063		network operations like ARP, RARP, TFTP, or BOOTP
2064		before giving up the operation. If not defined, a
2065		default value of 5 is used.
2066
2067		CONFIG_ARP_TIMEOUT
2068
2069		Timeout waiting for an ARP reply in milliseconds.
2070
2071		CONFIG_NFS_TIMEOUT
2072
2073		Timeout in milliseconds used in NFS protocol.
2074		If you encounter "ERROR: Cannot umount" in nfs command,
2075		try longer timeout such as
2076		#define CONFIG_NFS_TIMEOUT 10000UL
2077
2078- Command Interpreter:
2079		CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT_HUSH_PS2
2080
2081		This defines the secondary prompt string, which is
2082		printed when the command interpreter needs more input
2083		to complete a command. Usually "> ".
2084
2085	Note:
2086
2087		In the current implementation, the local variables
2088		space and global environment variables space are
2089		separated. Local variables are those you define by
2090		simply typing `name=value'. To access a local
2091		variable later on, you have write `$name' or
2092		`${name}'; to execute the contents of a variable
2093		directly type `$name' at the command prompt.
2094
2095		Global environment variables are those you use
2096		setenv/printenv to work with. To run a command stored
2097		in such a variable, you need to use the run command,
2098		and you must not use the '$' sign to access them.
2099
2100		To store commands and special characters in a
2101		variable, please use double quotation marks
2102		surrounding the whole text of the variable, instead
2103		of the backslashes before semicolons and special
2104		symbols.
2105
2106- Command Line Editing and History:
2107		CONFIG_CMDLINE_PS_SUPPORT
2108
2109		Enable support for changing the command prompt string
2110		at run-time. Only static string is supported so far.
2111		The string is obtained from environment variables PS1
2112		and PS2.
2113
2114- Default Environment:
2115		CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS
2116
2117		Define this to contain any number of null terminated
2118		strings (variable = value pairs) that will be part of
2119		the default environment compiled into the boot image.
2120
2121		For example, place something like this in your
2122		board's config file:
2123
2124		#define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS \
2125			"myvar1=value1\0" \
2126			"myvar2=value2\0"
2127
2128		Warning: This method is based on knowledge about the
2129		internal format how the environment is stored by the
2130		U-Boot code. This is NOT an official, exported
2131		interface! Although it is unlikely that this format
2132		will change soon, there is no guarantee either.
2133		You better know what you are doing here.
2134
2135		Note: overly (ab)use of the default environment is
2136		discouraged. Make sure to check other ways to preset
2137		the environment like the "source" command or the
2138		boot command first.
2139
2140		CONFIG_DELAY_ENVIRONMENT
2141
2142		Normally the environment is loaded when the board is
2143		initialised so that it is available to U-Boot. This inhibits
2144		that so that the environment is not available until
2145		explicitly loaded later by U-Boot code. With CONFIG_OF_CONTROL
2146		this is instead controlled by the value of
2147		/config/load-environment.
2148
2149- Serial Flash support
2150		Usage requires an initial 'sf probe' to define the serial
2151		flash parameters, followed by read/write/erase/update
2152		commands.
2153
2154		The following defaults may be provided by the platform
2155		to handle the common case when only a single serial
2156		flash is present on the system.
2157
2158		CONFIG_SF_DEFAULT_BUS		Bus identifier
2159		CONFIG_SF_DEFAULT_CS		Chip-select
2160		CONFIG_SF_DEFAULT_MODE 		(see include/spi.h)
2161		CONFIG_SF_DEFAULT_SPEED		in Hz
2162
2163
2164- TFTP Fixed UDP Port:
2165		CONFIG_TFTP_PORT
2166
2167		If this is defined, the environment variable tftpsrcp
2168		is used to supply the TFTP UDP source port value.
2169		If tftpsrcp isn't defined, the normal pseudo-random port
2170		number generator is used.
2171
2172		Also, the environment variable tftpdstp is used to supply
2173		the TFTP UDP destination port value.  If tftpdstp isn't
2174		defined, the normal port 69 is used.
2175
2176		The purpose for tftpsrcp is to allow a TFTP server to
2177		blindly start the TFTP transfer using the pre-configured
2178		target IP address and UDP port. This has the effect of
2179		"punching through" the (Windows XP) firewall, allowing
2180		the remainder of the TFTP transfer to proceed normally.
2181		A better solution is to properly configure the firewall,
2182		but sometimes that is not allowed.
2183
2184- Show boot progress:
2185		CONFIG_SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS
2186
2187		Defining this option allows to add some board-
2188		specific code (calling a user-provided function
2189		"show_boot_progress(int)") that enables you to show
2190		the system's boot progress on some display (for
2191		example, some LED's) on your board. At the moment,
2192		the following checkpoints are implemented:
2193
2194
2195Legacy uImage format:
2196
2197  Arg	Where			When
2198    1	common/cmd_bootm.c	before attempting to boot an image
2199   -1	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has bad	 magic number
2200    2	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has correct magic number
2201   -2	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has bad	 checksum
2202    3	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has correct checksum
2203   -3	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image data   has bad	 checksum
2204    4	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image data   has correct checksum
2205   -4	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image is for unsupported architecture
2206    5	common/cmd_bootm.c	Architecture check OK
2207   -5	common/cmd_bootm.c	Wrong Image Type (not kernel, multi)
2208    6	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image Type check OK
2209   -6	common/cmd_bootm.c	gunzip uncompression error
2210   -7	common/cmd_bootm.c	Unimplemented compression type
2211    7	common/cmd_bootm.c	Uncompression OK
2212    8	common/cmd_bootm.c	No uncompress/copy overwrite error
2213   -9	common/cmd_bootm.c	Unsupported OS (not Linux, BSD, VxWorks, QNX)
2214
2215    9	common/image.c		Start initial ramdisk verification
2216  -10	common/image.c		Ramdisk header has bad	   magic number
2217  -11	common/image.c		Ramdisk header has bad	   checksum
2218   10	common/image.c		Ramdisk header is OK
2219  -12	common/image.c		Ramdisk data   has bad	   checksum
2220   11	common/image.c		Ramdisk data   has correct checksum
2221   12	common/image.c		Ramdisk verification complete, start loading
2222  -13	common/image.c		Wrong Image Type (not PPC Linux ramdisk)
2223   13	common/image.c		Start multifile image verification
2224   14	common/image.c		No initial ramdisk, no multifile, continue.
2225
2226   15	arch/<arch>/lib/bootm.c All preparation done, transferring control to OS
2227
2228  -30	arch/powerpc/lib/board.c	Fatal error, hang the system
2229  -31	post/post.c		POST test failed, detected by post_output_backlog()
2230  -32	post/post.c		POST test failed, detected by post_run_single()
2231
2232   34	common/cmd_doc.c	before loading a Image from a DOC device
2233  -35	common/cmd_doc.c	Bad usage of "doc" command
2234   35	common/cmd_doc.c	correct usage of "doc" command
2235  -36	common/cmd_doc.c	No boot device
2236   36	common/cmd_doc.c	correct boot device
2237  -37	common/cmd_doc.c	Unknown Chip ID on boot device
2238   37	common/cmd_doc.c	correct chip ID found, device available
2239  -38	common/cmd_doc.c	Read Error on boot device
2240   38	common/cmd_doc.c	reading Image header from DOC device OK
2241  -39	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has bad magic number
2242   39	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has correct magic number
2243  -40	common/cmd_doc.c	Error reading Image from DOC device
2244   40	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has correct magic number
2245   41	common/cmd_ide.c	before loading a Image from a IDE device
2246  -42	common/cmd_ide.c	Bad usage of "ide" command
2247   42	common/cmd_ide.c	correct usage of "ide" command
2248  -43	common/cmd_ide.c	No boot device
2249   43	common/cmd_ide.c	boot device found
2250  -44	common/cmd_ide.c	Device not available
2251   44	common/cmd_ide.c	Device available
2252  -45	common/cmd_ide.c	wrong partition selected
2253   45	common/cmd_ide.c	partition selected
2254  -46	common/cmd_ide.c	Unknown partition table
2255   46	common/cmd_ide.c	valid partition table found
2256  -47	common/cmd_ide.c	Invalid partition type
2257   47	common/cmd_ide.c	correct partition type
2258  -48	common/cmd_ide.c	Error reading Image Header on boot device
2259   48	common/cmd_ide.c	reading Image Header from IDE device OK
2260  -49	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has bad magic number
2261   49	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has correct magic number
2262  -50	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has bad	 checksum
2263   50	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has correct checksum
2264  -51	common/cmd_ide.c	Error reading Image from IDE device
2265   51	common/cmd_ide.c	reading Image from IDE device OK
2266   52	common/cmd_nand.c	before loading a Image from a NAND device
2267  -53	common/cmd_nand.c	Bad usage of "nand" command
2268   53	common/cmd_nand.c	correct usage of "nand" command
2269  -54	common/cmd_nand.c	No boot device
2270   54	common/cmd_nand.c	boot device found
2271  -55	common/cmd_nand.c	Unknown Chip ID on boot device
2272   55	common/cmd_nand.c	correct chip ID found, device available
2273  -56	common/cmd_nand.c	Error reading Image Header on boot device
2274   56	common/cmd_nand.c	reading Image Header from NAND device OK
2275  -57	common/cmd_nand.c	Image header has bad magic number
2276   57	common/cmd_nand.c	Image header has correct magic number
2277  -58	common/cmd_nand.c	Error reading Image from NAND device
2278   58	common/cmd_nand.c	reading Image from NAND device OK
2279
2280  -60	common/env_common.c	Environment has a bad CRC, using default
2281
2282   64	net/eth.c		starting with Ethernet configuration.
2283  -64	net/eth.c		no Ethernet found.
2284   65	net/eth.c		Ethernet found.
2285
2286  -80	common/cmd_net.c	usage wrong
2287   80	common/cmd_net.c	before calling net_loop()
2288  -81	common/cmd_net.c	some error in net_loop() occurred
2289   81	common/cmd_net.c	net_loop() back without error
2290  -82	common/cmd_net.c	size == 0 (File with size 0 loaded)
2291   82	common/cmd_net.c	trying automatic boot
2292   83	common/cmd_net.c	running "source" command
2293  -83	common/cmd_net.c	some error in automatic boot or "source" command
2294   84	common/cmd_net.c	end without errors
2295
2296FIT uImage format:
2297
2298  Arg	Where			When
2299  100	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel FIT Image has correct format
2300 -100	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel FIT Image has incorrect format
2301  101	common/cmd_bootm.c	No Kernel subimage unit name, using configuration
2302 -101	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get configuration for kernel subimage
2303  102	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel unit name specified
2304 -103	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage node offset
2305  103	common/cmd_bootm.c	Found configuration node
2306  104	common/cmd_bootm.c	Got kernel subimage node offset
2307 -104	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage hash verification failed
2308  105	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage hash verification OK
2309 -105	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage is for unsupported architecture
2310  106	common/cmd_bootm.c	Architecture check OK
2311 -106	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage has wrong type
2312  107	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage type OK
2313 -107	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage data/size
2314  108	common/cmd_bootm.c	Got kernel subimage data/size
2315 -108	common/cmd_bootm.c	Wrong image type (not legacy, FIT)
2316 -109	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage type
2317 -110	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage comp
2318 -111	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage os
2319 -112	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage load address
2320 -113	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image uncompress/copy overwrite error
2321
2322  120	common/image.c		Start initial ramdisk verification
2323 -120	common/image.c		Ramdisk FIT image has incorrect format
2324  121	common/image.c		Ramdisk FIT image has correct format
2325  122	common/image.c		No ramdisk subimage unit name, using configuration
2326 -122	common/image.c		Can't get configuration for ramdisk subimage
2327  123	common/image.c		Ramdisk unit name specified
2328 -124	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk subimage node offset
2329  125	common/image.c		Got ramdisk subimage node offset
2330 -125	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage hash verification failed
2331  126	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage hash verification OK
2332 -126	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage for unsupported architecture
2333  127	common/image.c		Architecture check OK
2334 -127	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk subimage data/size
2335  128	common/image.c		Got ramdisk subimage data/size
2336  129	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk load address
2337 -129	common/image.c		Got ramdisk load address
2338
2339 -130	common/cmd_doc.c	Incorrect FIT image format
2340  131	common/cmd_doc.c	FIT image format OK
2341
2342 -140	common/cmd_ide.c	Incorrect FIT image format
2343  141	common/cmd_ide.c	FIT image format OK
2344
2345 -150	common/cmd_nand.c	Incorrect FIT image format
2346  151	common/cmd_nand.c	FIT image format OK
2347
2348- Standalone program support:
2349		CONFIG_STANDALONE_LOAD_ADDR
2350
2351		This option defines a board specific value for the
2352		address where standalone program gets loaded, thus
2353		overwriting the architecture dependent default
2354		settings.
2355
2356- Frame Buffer Address:
2357		CONFIG_FB_ADDR
2358
2359		Define CONFIG_FB_ADDR if you want to use specific
2360		address for frame buffer.  This is typically the case
2361		when using a graphics controller has separate video
2362		memory.  U-Boot will then place the frame buffer at
2363		the given address instead of dynamically reserving it
2364		in system RAM by calling lcd_setmem(), which grabs
2365		the memory for the frame buffer depending on the
2366		configured panel size.
2367
2368		Please see board_init_f function.
2369
2370- Automatic software updates via TFTP server
2371		CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP
2372		CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP_CNT_MAX
2373		CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP_MSEC_MAX
2374
2375		These options enable and control the auto-update feature;
2376		for a more detailed description refer to doc/README.update.
2377
2378- MTD Support (mtdparts command, UBI support)
2379		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_WL_THRESHOLD
2380		This parameter defines the maximum difference between the highest
2381		erase counter value and the lowest erase counter value of eraseblocks
2382		of UBI devices. When this threshold is exceeded, UBI starts performing
2383		wear leveling by means of moving data from eraseblock with low erase
2384		counter to eraseblocks with high erase counter.
2385
2386		The default value should be OK for SLC NAND flashes, NOR flashes and
2387		other flashes which have eraseblock life-cycle 100000 or more.
2388		However, in case of MLC NAND flashes which typically have eraseblock
2389		life-cycle less than 10000, the threshold should be lessened (e.g.,
2390		to 128 or 256, although it does not have to be power of 2).
2391
2392		default: 4096
2393
2394		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT
2395		This option specifies the maximum bad physical eraseblocks UBI
2396		expects on the MTD device (per 1024 eraseblocks). If the
2397		underlying flash does not admit of bad eraseblocks (e.g. NOR
2398		flash), this value is ignored.
2399
2400		NAND datasheets often specify the minimum and maximum NVM
2401		(Number of Valid Blocks) for the flashes' endurance lifetime.
2402		The maximum expected bad eraseblocks per 1024 eraseblocks
2403		then can be calculated as "1024 * (1 - MinNVB / MaxNVB)",
2404		which gives 20 for most NANDs (MaxNVB is basically the total
2405		count of eraseblocks on the chip).
2406
2407		To put it differently, if this value is 20, UBI will try to
2408		reserve about 1.9% of physical eraseblocks for bad blocks
2409		handling. And that will be 1.9% of eraseblocks on the entire
2410		NAND chip, not just the MTD partition UBI attaches. This means
2411		that if you have, say, a NAND flash chip admits maximum 40 bad
2412		eraseblocks, and it is split on two MTD partitions of the same
2413		size, UBI will reserve 40 eraseblocks when attaching a
2414		partition.
2415
2416		default: 20
2417
2418		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
2419		Fastmap is a mechanism which allows attaching an UBI device
2420		in nearly constant time. Instead of scanning the whole MTD device it
2421		only has to locate a checkpoint (called fastmap) on the device.
2422		The on-flash fastmap contains all information needed to attach
2423		the device. Using fastmap makes only sense on large devices where
2424		attaching by scanning takes long. UBI will not automatically install
2425		a fastmap on old images, but you can set the UBI parameter
2426		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP_AUTOCONVERT to 1 if you want so. Please note
2427		that fastmap-enabled images are still usable with UBI implementations
2428		without	fastmap support. On typical flash devices the whole fastmap
2429		fits into one PEB. UBI will reserve PEBs to hold two fastmaps.
2430
2431		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP_AUTOCONVERT
2432		Set this parameter to enable fastmap automatically on images
2433		without a fastmap.
2434		default: 0
2435
2436		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FM_DEBUG
2437		Enable UBI fastmap debug
2438		default: 0
2439
2440- SPL framework
2441		CONFIG_SPL
2442		Enable building of SPL globally.
2443
2444		CONFIG_SPL_LDSCRIPT
2445		LDSCRIPT for linking the SPL binary.
2446
2447		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_FOOTPRINT
2448		Maximum size in memory allocated to the SPL, BSS included.
2449		When defined, the linker checks that the actual memory
2450		used by SPL from _start to __bss_end does not exceed it.
2451		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_FOOTPRINT and CONFIG_SPL_BSS_MAX_SIZE
2452		must not be both defined at the same time.
2453
2454		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE
2455		Maximum size of the SPL image (text, data, rodata, and
2456		linker lists sections), BSS excluded.
2457		When defined, the linker checks that the actual size does
2458		not exceed it.
2459
2460		CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE
2461		TEXT_BASE for linking the SPL binary.
2462
2463		CONFIG_SPL_RELOC_TEXT_BASE
2464		Address to relocate to.  If unspecified, this is equal to
2465		CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE (i.e. no relocation is done).
2466
2467		CONFIG_SPL_BSS_START_ADDR
2468		Link address for the BSS within the SPL binary.
2469
2470		CONFIG_SPL_BSS_MAX_SIZE
2471		Maximum size in memory allocated to the SPL BSS.
2472		When defined, the linker checks that the actual memory used
2473		by SPL from __bss_start to __bss_end does not exceed it.
2474		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_FOOTPRINT and CONFIG_SPL_BSS_MAX_SIZE
2475		must not be both defined at the same time.
2476
2477		CONFIG_SPL_STACK
2478		Adress of the start of the stack SPL will use
2479
2480		CONFIG_SPL_PANIC_ON_RAW_IMAGE
2481		When defined, SPL will panic() if the image it has
2482		loaded does not have a signature.
2483		Defining this is useful when code which loads images
2484		in SPL cannot guarantee that absolutely all read errors
2485		will be caught.
2486		An example is the LPC32XX MLC NAND driver, which will
2487		consider that a completely unreadable NAND block is bad,
2488		and thus should be skipped silently.
2489
2490		CONFIG_SPL_RELOC_STACK
2491		Adress of the start of the stack SPL will use after
2492		relocation.  If unspecified, this is equal to
2493		CONFIG_SPL_STACK.
2494
2495		CONFIG_SYS_SPL_MALLOC_START
2496		Starting address of the malloc pool used in SPL.
2497		When this option is set the full malloc is used in SPL and
2498		it is set up by spl_init() and before that, the simple malloc()
2499		can be used if CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F is defined.
2500
2501		CONFIG_SYS_SPL_MALLOC_SIZE
2502		The size of the malloc pool used in SPL.
2503
2504		CONFIG_SPL_OS_BOOT
2505		Enable booting directly to an OS from SPL.
2506		See also: doc/README.falcon
2507
2508		CONFIG_SPL_DISPLAY_PRINT
2509		For ARM, enable an optional function to print more information
2510		about the running system.
2511
2512		CONFIG_SPL_INIT_MINIMAL
2513		Arch init code should be built for a very small image
2514
2515		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_U_BOOT_PARTITION
2516		Partition on the MMC to load U-Boot from when the MMC is being
2517		used in raw mode
2518
2519		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_KERNEL_SECTOR
2520		Sector to load kernel uImage from when MMC is being
2521		used in raw mode (for Falcon mode)
2522
2523		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_ARGS_SECTOR,
2524		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_ARGS_SECTORS
2525		Sector and number of sectors to load kernel argument
2526		parameters from when MMC is being used in raw mode
2527		(for falcon mode)
2528
2529		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_FS_BOOT_PARTITION
2530		Partition on the MMC to load U-Boot from when the MMC is being
2531		used in fs mode
2532
2533		CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_PAYLOAD_NAME
2534		Filename to read to load U-Boot when reading from filesystem
2535
2536		CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_KERNEL_NAME
2537		Filename to read to load kernel uImage when reading
2538		from filesystem (for Falcon mode)
2539
2540		CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_ARGS_NAME
2541		Filename to read to load kernel argument parameters
2542		when reading from filesystem (for Falcon mode)
2543
2544		CONFIG_SPL_MPC83XX_WAIT_FOR_NAND
2545		Set this for NAND SPL on PPC mpc83xx targets, so that
2546		start.S waits for the rest of the SPL to load before
2547		continuing (the hardware starts execution after just
2548		loading the first page rather than the full 4K).
2549
2550		CONFIG_SPL_SKIP_RELOCATE
2551		Avoid SPL relocation
2552
2553		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_BASE
2554		Include nand_base.c in the SPL.  Requires
2555		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_DRIVERS.
2556
2557		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_DRIVERS
2558		SPL uses normal NAND drivers, not minimal drivers.
2559
2560		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_IDENT
2561		SPL uses the chip ID list to identify the NAND flash.
2562		Requires CONFIG_SPL_NAND_BASE.
2563
2564		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_ECC
2565		Include standard software ECC in the SPL
2566
2567		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SIMPLE
2568		Support for NAND boot using simple NAND drivers that
2569		expose the cmd_ctrl() interface.
2570
2571		CONFIG_SPL_UBI
2572		Support for a lightweight UBI (fastmap) scanner and
2573		loader
2574
2575		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_RAW_ONLY
2576		Support to boot only raw u-boot.bin images. Use this only
2577		if you need to save space.
2578
2579		CONFIG_SPL_COMMON_INIT_DDR
2580		Set for common ddr init with serial presence detect in
2581		SPL binary.
2582
2583		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_5_ADDR_CYCLE, CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_COUNT,
2584		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_SIZE, CONFIG_SYS_NAND_OOBSIZE,
2585		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BLOCK_SIZE, CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BAD_BLOCK_POS,
2586		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCPOS, CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSIZE,
2587		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCBYTES
2588		Defines the size and behavior of the NAND that SPL uses
2589		to read U-Boot
2590
2591		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_BOOT
2592		Add support NAND boot
2593
2594		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_OFFS
2595		Location in NAND to read U-Boot from
2596
2597		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_DST
2598		Location in memory to load U-Boot to
2599
2600		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_SIZE
2601		Size of image to load
2602
2603		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_START
2604		Entry point in loaded image to jump to
2605
2606		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_HW_ECC_OOBFIRST
2607		Define this if you need to first read the OOB and then the
2608		data. This is used, for example, on davinci platforms.
2609
2610		CONFIG_SPL_RAM_DEVICE
2611		Support for running image already present in ram, in SPL binary
2612
2613		CONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO
2614		Image offset to which the SPL should be padded before appending
2615		the SPL payload. By default, this is defined as
2616		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE, or 0 if CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE is undefined.
2617		CONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO must be either 0, meaning to append the SPL
2618		payload without any padding, or >= CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE.
2619
2620		CONFIG_SPL_TARGET
2621		Final target image containing SPL and payload.  Some SPLs
2622		use an arch-specific makefile fragment instead, for
2623		example if more than one image needs to be produced.
2624
2625		CONFIG_SPL_FIT_PRINT
2626		Printing information about a FIT image adds quite a bit of
2627		code to SPL. So this is normally disabled in SPL. Use this
2628		option to re-enable it. This will affect the output of the
2629		bootm command when booting a FIT image.
2630
2631- TPL framework
2632		CONFIG_TPL
2633		Enable building of TPL globally.
2634
2635		CONFIG_TPL_PAD_TO
2636		Image offset to which the TPL should be padded before appending
2637		the TPL payload. By default, this is defined as
2638		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE, or 0 if CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE is undefined.
2639		CONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO must be either 0, meaning to append the SPL
2640		payload without any padding, or >= CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE.
2641
2642- Interrupt support (PPC):
2643
2644		There are common interrupt_init() and timer_interrupt()
2645		for all PPC archs. interrupt_init() calls interrupt_init_cpu()
2646		for CPU specific initialization. interrupt_init_cpu()
2647		should set decrementer_count to appropriate value. If
2648		CPU resets decrementer automatically after interrupt
2649		(ppc4xx) it should set decrementer_count to zero.
2650		timer_interrupt() calls timer_interrupt_cpu() for CPU
2651		specific handling. If board has watchdog / status_led
2652		/ other_activity_monitor it works automatically from
2653		general timer_interrupt().
2654
2655
2656Board initialization settings:
2657------------------------------
2658
2659During Initialization u-boot calls a number of board specific functions
2660to allow the preparation of board specific prerequisites, e.g. pin setup
2661before drivers are initialized. To enable these callbacks the
2662following configuration macros have to be defined. Currently this is
2663architecture specific, so please check arch/your_architecture/lib/board.c
2664typically in board_init_f() and board_init_r().
2665
2666- CONFIG_BOARD_EARLY_INIT_F: Call board_early_init_f()
2667- CONFIG_BOARD_EARLY_INIT_R: Call board_early_init_r()
2668- CONFIG_BOARD_LATE_INIT: Call board_late_init()
2669- CONFIG_BOARD_POSTCLK_INIT: Call board_postclk_init()
2670
2671Configuration Settings:
2672-----------------------
2673
2674- CONFIG_SYS_SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA: Defined automatically if compiled as 64-bit.
2675		Optionally it can be defined to support 64-bit memory commands.
2676
2677- CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP: Defined when you want long help messages included;
2678		undefine this when you're short of memory.
2679
2680- CONFIG_SYS_HELP_CMD_WIDTH: Defined when you want to override the default
2681		width of the commands listed in the 'help' command output.
2682
2683- CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT:	This is what U-Boot prints on the console to
2684		prompt for user input.
2685
2686- CONFIG_SYS_CBSIZE:	Buffer size for input from the Console
2687
2688- CONFIG_SYS_PBSIZE:	Buffer size for Console output
2689
2690- CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS:	max. Number of arguments accepted for monitor commands
2691
2692- CONFIG_SYS_BARGSIZE: Buffer size for Boot Arguments which are passed to
2693		the application (usually a Linux kernel) when it is
2694		booted
2695
2696- CONFIG_SYS_BAUDRATE_TABLE:
2697		List of legal baudrate settings for this board.
2698
2699- CONFIG_SYS_MEMTEST_START, CONFIG_SYS_MEMTEST_END:
2700		Begin and End addresses of the area used by the
2701		simple memory test.
2702
2703- CONFIG_SYS_MEMTEST_SCRATCH:
2704		Scratch address used by the alternate memory test
2705		You only need to set this if address zero isn't writeable
2706
2707- CONFIG_SYS_MEM_RESERVE_SECURE
2708		Only implemented for ARMv8 for now.
2709		If defined, the size of CONFIG_SYS_MEM_RESERVE_SECURE memory
2710		is substracted from total RAM and won't be reported to OS.
2711		This memory can be used as secure memory. A variable
2712		gd->arch.secure_ram is used to track the location. In systems
2713		the RAM base is not zero, or RAM is divided into banks,
2714		this variable needs to be recalcuated to get the address.
2715
2716- CONFIG_SYS_MEM_TOP_HIDE:
2717		If CONFIG_SYS_MEM_TOP_HIDE is defined in the board config header,
2718		this specified memory area will get subtracted from the top
2719		(end) of RAM and won't get "touched" at all by U-Boot. By
2720		fixing up gd->ram_size the Linux kernel should gets passed
2721		the now "corrected" memory size and won't touch it either.
2722		This should work for arch/ppc and arch/powerpc. Only Linux
2723		board ports in arch/powerpc with bootwrapper support that
2724		recalculate the memory size from the SDRAM controller setup
2725		will have to get fixed in Linux additionally.
2726
2727		This option can be used as a workaround for the 440EPx/GRx
2728		CHIP 11 errata where the last 256 bytes in SDRAM shouldn't
2729		be touched.
2730
2731		WARNING: Please make sure that this value is a multiple of
2732		the Linux page size (normally 4k). If this is not the case,
2733		then the end address of the Linux memory will be located at a
2734		non page size aligned address and this could cause major
2735		problems.
2736
2737- CONFIG_SYS_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE:
2738		Enable temporary baudrate change while serial download
2739
2740- CONFIG_SYS_SDRAM_BASE:
2741		Physical start address of SDRAM. _Must_ be 0 here.
2742
2743- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE:
2744		Physical start address of Flash memory.
2745
2746- CONFIG_SYS_MONITOR_BASE:
2747		Physical start address of boot monitor code (set by
2748		make config files to be same as the text base address
2749		(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE) used when linking) - same as
2750		CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE when booting from flash.
2751
2752- CONFIG_SYS_MONITOR_LEN:
2753		Size of memory reserved for monitor code, used to
2754		determine _at_compile_time_ (!) if the environment is
2755		embedded within the U-Boot image, or in a separate
2756		flash sector.
2757
2758- CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN:
2759		Size of DRAM reserved for malloc() use.
2760
2761- CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN
2762		Size of the malloc() pool for use before relocation. If
2763		this is defined, then a very simple malloc() implementation
2764		will become available before relocation. The address is just
2765		below the global data, and the stack is moved down to make
2766		space.
2767
2768		This feature allocates regions with increasing addresses
2769		within the region. calloc() is supported, but realloc()
2770		is not available. free() is supported but does nothing.
2771		The memory will be freed (or in fact just forgotten) when
2772		U-Boot relocates itself.
2773
2774- CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_SIMPLE
2775		Provides a simple and small malloc() and calloc() for those
2776		boards which do not use the full malloc in SPL (which is
2777		enabled with CONFIG_SYS_SPL_MALLOC_START).
2778
2779- CONFIG_SYS_NONCACHED_MEMORY:
2780		Size of non-cached memory area. This area of memory will be
2781		typically located right below the malloc() area and mapped
2782		uncached in the MMU. This is useful for drivers that would
2783		otherwise require a lot of explicit cache maintenance. For
2784		some drivers it's also impossible to properly maintain the
2785		cache. For example if the regions that need to be flushed
2786		are not a multiple of the cache-line size, *and* padding
2787		cannot be allocated between the regions to align them (i.e.
2788		if the HW requires a contiguous array of regions, and the
2789		size of each region is not cache-aligned), then a flush of
2790		one region may result in overwriting data that hardware has
2791		written to another region in the same cache-line. This can
2792		happen for example in network drivers where descriptors for
2793		buffers are typically smaller than the CPU cache-line (e.g.
2794		16 bytes vs. 32 or 64 bytes).
2795
2796		Non-cached memory is only supported on 32-bit ARM at present.
2797
2798- CONFIG_SYS_BOOTM_LEN:
2799		Normally compressed uImages are limited to an
2800		uncompressed size of 8 MBytes. If this is not enough,
2801		you can define CONFIG_SYS_BOOTM_LEN in your board config file
2802		to adjust this setting to your needs.
2803
2804- CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ:
2805		Maximum size of memory mapped by the startup code of
2806		the Linux kernel; all data that must be processed by
2807		the Linux kernel (bd_info, boot arguments, FDT blob if
2808		used) must be put below this limit, unless "bootm_low"
2809		environment variable is defined and non-zero. In such case
2810		all data for the Linux kernel must be between "bootm_low"
2811		and "bootm_low" + CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ.	 The environment
2812		variable "bootm_mapsize" will override the value of
2813		CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ.  If CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ is undefined,
2814		then the value in "bootm_size" will be used instead.
2815
2816- CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_RAMDISK_HIGH:
2817		Enable initrd_high functionality.  If defined then the
2818		initrd_high feature is enabled and the bootm ramdisk subcommand
2819		is enabled.
2820
2821- CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_GET_CMDLINE:
2822		Enables allocating and saving kernel cmdline in space between
2823		"bootm_low" and "bootm_low" + BOOTMAPSZ.
2824
2825- CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_GET_KBD:
2826		Enables allocating and saving a kernel copy of the bd_info in
2827		space between "bootm_low" and "bootm_low" + BOOTMAPSZ.
2828
2829- CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_BANKS:
2830		Max number of Flash memory banks
2831
2832- CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT:
2833		Max number of sectors on a Flash chip
2834
2835- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT:
2836		Timeout for Flash erase operations (in ms)
2837
2838- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_WRITE_TOUT:
2839		Timeout for Flash write operations (in ms)
2840
2841- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LOCK_TOUT
2842		Timeout for Flash set sector lock bit operation (in ms)
2843
2844- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_UNLOCK_TOUT
2845		Timeout for Flash clear lock bits operation (in ms)
2846
2847- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION
2848		If defined, hardware flash sectors protection is used
2849		instead of U-Boot software protection.
2850
2851- CONFIG_SYS_DIRECT_FLASH_TFTP:
2852
2853		Enable TFTP transfers directly to flash memory;
2854		without this option such a download has to be
2855		performed in two steps: (1) download to RAM, and (2)
2856		copy from RAM to flash.
2857
2858		The two-step approach is usually more reliable, since
2859		you can check if the download worked before you erase
2860		the flash, but in some situations (when system RAM is
2861		too limited to allow for a temporary copy of the
2862		downloaded image) this option may be very useful.
2863
2864- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CFI:
2865		Define if the flash driver uses extra elements in the
2866		common flash structure for storing flash geometry.
2867
2868- CONFIG_FLASH_CFI_DRIVER
2869		This option also enables the building of the cfi_flash driver
2870		in the drivers directory
2871
2872- CONFIG_FLASH_CFI_MTD
2873		This option enables the building of the cfi_mtd driver
2874		in the drivers directory. The driver exports CFI flash
2875		to the MTD layer.
2876
2877- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE
2878		Use buffered writes to flash.
2879
2880- CONFIG_FLASH_SPANSION_S29WS_N
2881		s29ws-n MirrorBit flash has non-standard addresses for buffered
2882		write commands.
2883
2884- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_QUIET_TEST
2885		If this option is defined, the common CFI flash doesn't
2886		print it's warning upon not recognized FLASH banks. This
2887		is useful, if some of the configured banks are only
2888		optionally available.
2889
2890- CONFIG_FLASH_SHOW_PROGRESS
2891		If defined (must be an integer), print out countdown
2892		digits and dots.  Recommended value: 45 (9..1) for 80
2893		column displays, 15 (3..1) for 40 column displays.
2894
2895- CONFIG_FLASH_VERIFY
2896		If defined, the content of the flash (destination) is compared
2897		against the source after the write operation. An error message
2898		will be printed when the contents are not identical.
2899		Please note that this option is useless in nearly all cases,
2900		since such flash programming errors usually are detected earlier
2901		while unprotecting/erasing/programming. Please only enable
2902		this option if you really know what you are doing.
2903
2904- CONFIG_SYS_RX_ETH_BUFFER:
2905		Defines the number of Ethernet receive buffers. On some
2906		Ethernet controllers it is recommended to set this value
2907		to 8 or even higher (EEPRO100 or 405 EMAC), since all
2908		buffers can be full shortly after enabling the interface
2909		on high Ethernet traffic.
2910		Defaults to 4 if not defined.
2911
2912- CONFIG_ENV_MAX_ENTRIES
2913
2914	Maximum number of entries in the hash table that is used
2915	internally to store the environment settings. The default
2916	setting is supposed to be generous and should work in most
2917	cases. This setting can be used to tune behaviour; see
2918	lib/hashtable.c for details.
2919
2920- CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_DEFAULT
2921- CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_STATIC
2922	Enable validation of the values given to environment variables when
2923	calling env set.  Variables can be restricted to only decimal,
2924	hexadecimal, or boolean.  If CONFIG_CMD_NET is also defined,
2925	the variables can also be restricted to IP address or MAC address.
2926
2927	The format of the list is:
2928		type_attribute = [s|d|x|b|i|m]
2929		access_attribute = [a|r|o|c]
2930		attributes = type_attribute[access_attribute]
2931		entry = variable_name[:attributes]
2932		list = entry[,list]
2933
2934	The type attributes are:
2935		s - String (default)
2936		d - Decimal
2937		x - Hexadecimal
2938		b - Boolean ([1yYtT|0nNfF])
2939		i - IP address
2940		m - MAC address
2941
2942	The access attributes are:
2943		a - Any (default)
2944		r - Read-only
2945		o - Write-once
2946		c - Change-default
2947
2948	- CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_DEFAULT
2949		Define this to a list (string) to define the ".flags"
2950		environment variable in the default or embedded environment.
2951
2952	- CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_STATIC
2953		Define this to a list (string) to define validation that
2954		should be done if an entry is not found in the ".flags"
2955		environment variable.  To override a setting in the static
2956		list, simply add an entry for the same variable name to the
2957		".flags" variable.
2958
2959	If CONFIG_REGEX is defined, the variable_name above is evaluated as a
2960	regular expression. This allows multiple variables to define the same
2961	flags without explicitly listing them for each variable.
2962
2963- CONFIG_ENV_ACCESS_IGNORE_FORCE
2964	If defined, don't allow the -f switch to env set override variable
2965	access flags.
2966
2967The following definitions that deal with the placement and management
2968of environment data (variable area); in general, we support the
2969following configurations:
2970
2971- CONFIG_BUILD_ENVCRC:
2972
2973	Builds up envcrc with the target environment so that external utils
2974	may easily extract it and embed it in final U-Boot images.
2975
2976BE CAREFUL! The first access to the environment happens quite early
2977in U-Boot initialization (when we try to get the setting of for the
2978console baudrate). You *MUST* have mapped your NVRAM area then, or
2979U-Boot will hang.
2980
2981Please note that even with NVRAM we still use a copy of the
2982environment in RAM: we could work on NVRAM directly, but we want to
2983keep settings there always unmodified except somebody uses "saveenv"
2984to save the current settings.
2985
2986BE CAREFUL! For some special cases, the local device can not use
2987"saveenv" command. For example, the local device will get the
2988environment stored in a remote NOR flash by SRIO or PCIE link,
2989but it can not erase, write this NOR flash by SRIO or PCIE interface.
2990
2991- CONFIG_NAND_ENV_DST
2992
2993	Defines address in RAM to which the nand_spl code should copy the
2994	environment. If redundant environment is used, it will be copied to
2995	CONFIG_NAND_ENV_DST + CONFIG_ENV_SIZE.
2996
2997Please note that the environment is read-only until the monitor
2998has been relocated to RAM and a RAM copy of the environment has been
2999created; also, when using EEPROM you will have to use env_get_f()
3000until then to read environment variables.
3001
3002The environment is protected by a CRC32 checksum. Before the monitor
3003is relocated into RAM, as a result of a bad CRC you will be working
3004with the compiled-in default environment - *silently*!!! [This is
3005necessary, because the first environment variable we need is the
3006"baudrate" setting for the console - if we have a bad CRC, we don't
3007have any device yet where we could complain.]
3008
3009Note: once the monitor has been relocated, then it will complain if
3010the default environment is used; a new CRC is computed as soon as you
3011use the "saveenv" command to store a valid environment.
3012
3013- CONFIG_SYS_FAULT_ECHO_LINK_DOWN:
3014		Echo the inverted Ethernet link state to the fault LED.
3015
3016		Note: If this option is active, then CONFIG_SYS_FAULT_MII_ADDR
3017		      also needs to be defined.
3018
3019- CONFIG_SYS_FAULT_MII_ADDR:
3020		MII address of the PHY to check for the Ethernet link state.
3021
3022- CONFIG_NS16550_MIN_FUNCTIONS:
3023		Define this if you desire to only have use of the NS16550_init
3024		and NS16550_putc functions for the serial driver located at
3025		drivers/serial/ns16550.c.  This option is useful for saving
3026		space for already greatly restricted images, including but not
3027		limited to NAND_SPL configurations.
3028
3029- CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO
3030		Display information about the board that U-Boot is running on
3031		when U-Boot starts up. The board function checkboard() is called
3032		to do this.
3033
3034- CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO_LATE
3035		Similar to the previous option, but display this information
3036		later, once stdio is running and output goes to the LCD, if
3037		present.
3038
3039- CONFIG_BOARD_SIZE_LIMIT:
3040		Maximum size of the U-Boot image. When defined, the
3041		build system checks that the actual size does not
3042		exceed it.
3043
3044Low Level (hardware related) configuration options:
3045---------------------------------------------------
3046
3047- CONFIG_SYS_CACHELINE_SIZE:
3048		Cache Line Size of the CPU.
3049
3050- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_DEFAULT:
3051		Default (power-on reset) physical address of CCSR on Freescale
3052		PowerPC SOCs.
3053
3054- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR:
3055		Virtual address of CCSR.  On a 32-bit build, this is typically
3056		the same value as CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_DEFAULT.
3057
3058- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS:
3059		Physical address of CCSR.  CCSR can be relocated to a new
3060		physical address, if desired.  In this case, this macro should
3061		be set to that address.	 Otherwise, it should be set to the
3062		same value as CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_DEFAULT.  For example, CCSR
3063		is typically relocated on 36-bit builds.  It is recommended
3064		that this macro be defined via the _HIGH and _LOW macros:
3065
3066		#define CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS ((CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS_HIGH
3067			* 1ull) << 32 | CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS_LOW)
3068
3069- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS_HIGH:
3070		Bits 33-36 of CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS.	This value is typically
3071		either 0 (32-bit build) or 0xF (36-bit build).	This macro is
3072		used in assembly code, so it must not contain typecasts or
3073		integer size suffixes (e.g. "ULL").
3074
3075- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS_LOW:
3076		Lower 32-bits of CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS.  This macro is
3077		used in assembly code, so it must not contain typecasts or
3078		integer size suffixes (e.g. "ULL").
3079
3080- CONFIG_SYS_CCSR_DO_NOT_RELOCATE:
3081		If this macro is defined, then CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS will be
3082		forced to a value that ensures that CCSR is not relocated.
3083
3084- Floppy Disk Support:
3085		CONFIG_SYS_FDC_DRIVE_NUMBER
3086
3087		the default drive number (default value 0)
3088
3089		CONFIG_SYS_ISA_IO_STRIDE
3090
3091		defines the spacing between FDC chipset registers
3092		(default value 1)
3093
3094		CONFIG_SYS_ISA_IO_OFFSET
3095
3096		defines the offset of register from address. It
3097		depends on which part of the data bus is connected to
3098		the FDC chipset. (default value 0)
3099
3100		If CONFIG_SYS_ISA_IO_STRIDE CONFIG_SYS_ISA_IO_OFFSET and
3101		CONFIG_SYS_FDC_DRIVE_NUMBER are undefined, they take their
3102		default value.
3103
3104		if CONFIG_SYS_FDC_HW_INIT is defined, then the function
3105		fdc_hw_init() is called at the beginning of the FDC
3106		setup. fdc_hw_init() must be provided by the board
3107		source code. It is used to make hardware-dependent
3108		initializations.
3109
3110- CONFIG_IDE_AHB:
3111		Most IDE controllers were designed to be connected with PCI
3112		interface. Only few of them were designed for AHB interface.
3113		When software is doing ATA command and data transfer to
3114		IDE devices through IDE-AHB controller, some additional
3115		registers accessing to these kind of IDE-AHB controller
3116		is required.
3117
3118- CONFIG_SYS_IMMR:	Physical address of the Internal Memory.
3119		DO NOT CHANGE unless you know exactly what you're
3120		doing! (11-4) [MPC8xx systems only]
3121
3122- CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR:
3123
3124		Start address of memory area that can be used for
3125		initial data and stack; please note that this must be
3126		writable memory that is working WITHOUT special
3127		initialization, i. e. you CANNOT use normal RAM which
3128		will become available only after programming the
3129		memory controller and running certain initialization
3130		sequences.
3131
3132		U-Boot uses the following memory types:
3133		- MPC8xx: IMMR (internal memory of the CPU)
3134
3135- CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_OFFSET:
3136
3137		Offset of the initial data structure in the memory
3138		area defined by CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR. Usually
3139		CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_OFFSET is chosen such that the initial
3140		data is located at the end of the available space
3141		(sometimes written as (CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_SIZE -
3142		GENERATED_GBL_DATA_SIZE), and the initial stack is just
3143		below that area (growing from (CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR +
3144		CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_OFFSET) downward.
3145
3146	Note:
3147		On the MPC824X (or other systems that use the data
3148		cache for initial memory) the address chosen for
3149		CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR is basically arbitrary - it must
3150		point to an otherwise UNUSED address space between
3151		the top of RAM and the start of the PCI space.
3152
3153- CONFIG_SYS_SCCR:	System Clock and reset Control Register (15-27)
3154
3155- CONFIG_SYS_OR_TIMING_SDRAM:
3156		SDRAM timing
3157
3158- CONFIG_SYS_MAMR_PTA:
3159		periodic timer for refresh
3160
3161- FLASH_BASE0_PRELIM, FLASH_BASE1_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_REMAP_OR_AM,
3162  CONFIG_SYS_PRELIM_OR_AM, CONFIG_SYS_OR_TIMING_FLASH, CONFIG_SYS_OR0_REMAP,
3163  CONFIG_SYS_OR0_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_BR0_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_OR1_REMAP, CONFIG_SYS_OR1_PRELIM,
3164  CONFIG_SYS_BR1_PRELIM:
3165		Memory Controller Definitions: BR0/1 and OR0/1 (FLASH)
3166
3167- SDRAM_BASE2_PRELIM, SDRAM_BASE3_PRELIM, SDRAM_MAX_SIZE,
3168  CONFIG_SYS_OR_TIMING_SDRAM, CONFIG_SYS_OR2_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_BR2_PRELIM,
3169  CONFIG_SYS_OR3_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_BR3_PRELIM:
3170		Memory Controller Definitions: BR2/3 and OR2/3 (SDRAM)
3171
3172- CONFIG_PCI_ENUM_ONLY
3173		Only scan through and get the devices on the buses.
3174		Don't do any setup work, presumably because someone or
3175		something has already done it, and we don't need to do it
3176		a second time.	Useful for platforms that are pre-booted
3177		by coreboot or similar.
3178
3179- CONFIG_PCI_INDIRECT_BRIDGE:
3180		Enable support for indirect PCI bridges.
3181
3182- CONFIG_SYS_SRIO:
3183		Chip has SRIO or not
3184
3185- CONFIG_SRIO1:
3186		Board has SRIO 1 port available
3187
3188- CONFIG_SRIO2:
3189		Board has SRIO 2 port available
3190
3191- CONFIG_SRIO_PCIE_BOOT_MASTER
3192		Board can support master function for Boot from SRIO and PCIE
3193
3194- CONFIG_SYS_SRIOn_MEM_VIRT:
3195		Virtual Address of SRIO port 'n' memory region
3196
3197- CONFIG_SYS_SRIOn_MEM_PHYS:
3198		Physical Address of SRIO port 'n' memory region
3199
3200- CONFIG_SYS_SRIOn_MEM_SIZE:
3201		Size of SRIO port 'n' memory region
3202
3203- CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BUSWIDTH_16BIT
3204		Defined to tell the NAND controller that the NAND chip is using
3205		a 16 bit bus.
3206		Not all NAND drivers use this symbol.
3207		Example of drivers that use it:
3208		- drivers/mtd/nand/raw/ndfc.c
3209		- drivers/mtd/nand/raw/mxc_nand.c
3210
3211- CONFIG_SYS_NDFC_EBC0_CFG
3212		Sets the EBC0_CFG register for the NDFC. If not defined
3213		a default value will be used.
3214
3215- CONFIG_SPD_EEPROM
3216		Get DDR timing information from an I2C EEPROM. Common
3217		with pluggable memory modules such as SODIMMs
3218
3219  SPD_EEPROM_ADDRESS
3220		I2C address of the SPD EEPROM
3221
3222- CONFIG_SYS_SPD_BUS_NUM
3223		If SPD EEPROM is on an I2C bus other than the first
3224		one, specify here. Note that the value must resolve
3225		to something your driver can deal with.
3226
3227- CONFIG_SYS_DDR_RAW_TIMING
3228		Get DDR timing information from other than SPD. Common with
3229		soldered DDR chips onboard without SPD. DDR raw timing
3230		parameters are extracted from datasheet and hard-coded into
3231		header files or board specific files.
3232
3233- CONFIG_FSL_DDR_INTERACTIVE
3234		Enable interactive DDR debugging. See doc/README.fsl-ddr.
3235
3236- CONFIG_FSL_DDR_SYNC_REFRESH
3237		Enable sync of refresh for multiple controllers.
3238
3239- CONFIG_FSL_DDR_BIST
3240		Enable built-in memory test for Freescale DDR controllers.
3241
3242- CONFIG_SYS_83XX_DDR_USES_CS0
3243		Only for 83xx systems. If specified, then DDR should
3244		be configured using CS0 and CS1 instead of CS2 and CS3.
3245
3246- CONFIG_RMII
3247		Enable RMII mode for all FECs.
3248		Note that this is a global option, we can't
3249		have one FEC in standard MII mode and another in RMII mode.
3250
3251- CONFIG_CRC32_VERIFY
3252		Add a verify option to the crc32 command.
3253		The syntax is:
3254
3255		=> crc32 -v <address> <count> <crc32>
3256
3257		Where address/count indicate a memory area
3258		and crc32 is the correct crc32 which the
3259		area should have.
3260
3261- CONFIG_LOOPW
3262		Add the "loopw" memory command. This only takes effect if
3263		the memory commands are activated globally (CONFIG_CMD_MEMORY).
3264
3265- CONFIG_MX_CYCLIC
3266		Add the "mdc" and "mwc" memory commands. These are cyclic
3267		"md/mw" commands.
3268		Examples:
3269
3270		=> mdc.b 10 4 500
3271		This command will print 4 bytes (10,11,12,13) each 500 ms.
3272
3273		=> mwc.l 100 12345678 10
3274		This command will write 12345678 to address 100 all 10 ms.
3275
3276		This only takes effect if the memory commands are activated
3277		globally (CONFIG_CMD_MEMORY).
3278
3279- CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
3280		[ARM, NDS32, MIPS, RISC-V only] If this variable is defined, then certain
3281		low level initializations (like setting up the memory
3282		controller) are omitted and/or U-Boot does not
3283		relocate itself into RAM.
3284
3285		Normally this variable MUST NOT be defined. The only
3286		exception is when U-Boot is loaded (to RAM) by some
3287		other boot loader or by a debugger which performs
3288		these initializations itself.
3289
3290- CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT_ONLY
3291		[ARM926EJ-S only] This allows just the call to lowlevel_init()
3292		to be skipped. The normal CP15 init (such as enabling the
3293		instruction cache) is still performed.
3294
3295- CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
3296		Modifies the behaviour of start.S when compiling a loader
3297		that is executed before the actual U-Boot. E.g. when
3298		compiling a NAND SPL.
3299
3300- CONFIG_TPL_BUILD
3301		Modifies the behaviour of start.S  when compiling a loader
3302		that is executed after the SPL and before the actual U-Boot.
3303		It is loaded by the SPL.
3304
3305- CONFIG_SYS_MPC85XX_NO_RESETVEC
3306		Only for 85xx systems. If this variable is specified, the section
3307		.resetvec is not kept and the section .bootpg is placed in the
3308		previous 4k of the .text section.
3309
3310- CONFIG_ARCH_MAP_SYSMEM
3311		Generally U-Boot (and in particular the md command) uses
3312		effective address. It is therefore not necessary to regard
3313		U-Boot address as virtual addresses that need to be translated
3314		to physical addresses. However, sandbox requires this, since
3315		it maintains its own little RAM buffer which contains all
3316		addressable memory. This option causes some memory accesses
3317		to be mapped through map_sysmem() / unmap_sysmem().
3318
3319- CONFIG_X86_RESET_VECTOR
3320		If defined, the x86 reset vector code is included. This is not
3321		needed when U-Boot is running from Coreboot.
3322
3323- CONFIG_SYS_NAND_NO_SUBPAGE_WRITE
3324		Option to disable subpage write in NAND driver
3325		driver that uses this:
3326		drivers/mtd/nand/raw/davinci_nand.c
3327
3328Freescale QE/FMAN Firmware Support:
3329-----------------------------------
3330
3331The Freescale QUICCEngine (QE) and Frame Manager (FMAN) both support the
3332loading of "firmware", which is encoded in the QE firmware binary format.
3333This firmware often needs to be loaded during U-Boot booting, so macros
3334are used to identify the storage device (NOR flash, SPI, etc) and the address
3335within that device.
3336
3337- CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR
3338	The address in the storage device where the FMAN microcode is located.  The
3339	meaning of this address depends on which CONFIG_SYS_QE_FW_IN_xxx macro
3340	is also specified.
3341
3342- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FW_ADDR
3343	The address in the storage device where the QE microcode is located.  The
3344	meaning of this address depends on which CONFIG_SYS_QE_FW_IN_xxx macro
3345	is also specified.
3346
3347- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_LENGTH
3348	The maximum possible size of the firmware.  The firmware binary format
3349	has a field that specifies the actual size of the firmware, but it
3350	might not be possible to read any part of the firmware unless some
3351	local storage is allocated to hold the entire firmware first.
3352
3353- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_IN_NOR
3354	Specifies that QE/FMAN firmware is located in NOR flash, mapped as
3355	normal addressable memory via the LBC.  CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR is the
3356	virtual address in NOR flash.
3357
3358- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_IN_NAND
3359	Specifies that QE/FMAN firmware is located in NAND flash.
3360	CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR is the offset within NAND flash.
3361
3362- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_IN_MMC
3363	Specifies that QE/FMAN firmware is located on the primary SD/MMC
3364	device.  CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR is the byte offset on that device.
3365
3366- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_IN_REMOTE
3367	Specifies that QE/FMAN firmware is located in the remote (master)
3368	memory space.	CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR is a virtual address which
3369	can be mapped from slave TLB->slave LAW->slave SRIO or PCIE outbound
3370	window->master inbound window->master LAW->the ucode address in
3371	master's memory space.
3372
3373Freescale Layerscape Management Complex Firmware Support:
3374---------------------------------------------------------
3375The Freescale Layerscape Management Complex (MC) supports the loading of
3376"firmware".
3377This firmware often needs to be loaded during U-Boot booting, so macros
3378are used to identify the storage device (NOR flash, SPI, etc) and the address
3379within that device.
3380
3381- CONFIG_FSL_MC_ENET
3382	Enable the MC driver for Layerscape SoCs.
3383
3384Freescale Layerscape Debug Server Support:
3385-------------------------------------------
3386The Freescale Layerscape Debug Server Support supports the loading of
3387"Debug Server firmware" and triggering SP boot-rom.
3388This firmware often needs to be loaded during U-Boot booting.
3389
3390- CONFIG_SYS_MC_RSV_MEM_ALIGN
3391	Define alignment of reserved memory MC requires
3392
3393Reproducible builds
3394-------------------
3395
3396In order to achieve reproducible builds, timestamps used in the U-Boot build
3397process have to be set to a fixed value.
3398
3399This is done using the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable.
3400SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is to be set on the build host's shell, not as a configuration
3401option for U-Boot or an environment variable in U-Boot.
3402
3403SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH should be set to a number of seconds since the epoch, in UTC.
3404
3405Building the Software:
3406======================
3407
3408Building U-Boot has been tested in several native build environments
3409and in many different cross environments. Of course we cannot support
3410all possibly existing versions of cross development tools in all
3411(potentially obsolete) versions. In case of tool chain problems we
3412recommend to use the ELDK (see http://www.denx.de/wiki/DULG/ELDK)
3413which is extensively used to build and test U-Boot.
3414
3415If you are not using a native environment, it is assumed that you
3416have GNU cross compiling tools available in your path. In this case,
3417you must set the environment variable CROSS_COMPILE in your shell.
3418Note that no changes to the Makefile or any other source files are
3419necessary. For example using the ELDK on a 4xx CPU, please enter:
3420
3421	$ CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_4xx-
3422	$ export CROSS_COMPILE
3423
3424Note: If you wish to generate Windows versions of the utilities in
3425      the tools directory you can use the MinGW toolchain
3426      (http://www.mingw.org).  Set your HOST tools to the MinGW
3427      toolchain and execute 'make tools'.  For example:
3428
3429       $ make HOSTCC=i586-mingw32msvc-gcc HOSTSTRIP=i586-mingw32msvc-strip tools
3430
3431      Binaries such as tools/mkimage.exe will be created which can
3432      be executed on computers running Windows.
3433
3434U-Boot is intended to be simple to build. After installing the
3435sources you must configure U-Boot for one specific board type. This
3436is done by typing:
3437
3438	make NAME_defconfig
3439
3440where "NAME_defconfig" is the name of one of the existing configu-
3441rations; see boards.cfg for supported names.
3442
3443Note: for some board special configuration names may exist; check if
3444      additional information is available from the board vendor; for
3445      instance, the TQM823L systems are available without (standard)
3446      or with LCD support. You can select such additional "features"
3447      when choosing the configuration, i. e.
3448
3449      make TQM823L_defconfig
3450	- will configure for a plain TQM823L, i. e. no LCD support
3451
3452      make TQM823L_LCD_defconfig
3453	- will configure for a TQM823L with U-Boot console on LCD
3454
3455      etc.
3456
3457
3458Finally, type "make all", and you should get some working U-Boot
3459images ready for download to / installation on your system:
3460
3461- "u-boot.bin" is a raw binary image
3462- "u-boot" is an image in ELF binary format
3463- "u-boot.srec" is in Motorola S-Record format
3464
3465By default the build is performed locally and the objects are saved
3466in the source directory. One of the two methods can be used to change
3467this behavior and build U-Boot to some external directory:
3468
34691. Add O= to the make command line invocations:
3470
3471	make O=/tmp/build distclean
3472	make O=/tmp/build NAME_defconfig
3473	make O=/tmp/build all
3474
34752. Set environment variable KBUILD_OUTPUT to point to the desired location:
3476
3477	export KBUILD_OUTPUT=/tmp/build
3478	make distclean
3479	make NAME_defconfig
3480	make all
3481
3482Note that the command line "O=" setting overrides the KBUILD_OUTPUT environment
3483variable.
3484
3485User specific CPPFLAGS, AFLAGS and CFLAGS can be passed to the compiler by
3486setting the according environment variables KCPPFLAGS, KAFLAGS and KCFLAGS.
3487For example to treat all compiler warnings as errors:
3488
3489	make KCFLAGS=-Werror
3490
3491Please be aware that the Makefiles assume you are using GNU make, so
3492for instance on NetBSD you might need to use "gmake" instead of
3493native "make".
3494
3495
3496If the system board that you have is not listed, then you will need
3497to port U-Boot to your hardware platform. To do this, follow these
3498steps:
3499
35001.  Create a new directory to hold your board specific code. Add any
3501    files you need. In your board directory, you will need at least
3502    the "Makefile" and a "<board>.c".
35032.  Create a new configuration file "include/configs/<board>.h" for
3504    your board.
35053.  If you're porting U-Boot to a new CPU, then also create a new
3506    directory to hold your CPU specific code. Add any files you need.
35074.  Run "make <board>_defconfig" with your new name.
35085.  Type "make", and you should get a working "u-boot.srec" file
3509    to be installed on your target system.
35106.  Debug and solve any problems that might arise.
3511    [Of course, this last step is much harder than it sounds.]
3512
3513
3514Testing of U-Boot Modifications, Ports to New Hardware, etc.:
3515==============================================================
3516
3517If you have modified U-Boot sources (for instance added a new board
3518or support for new devices, a new CPU, etc.) you are expected to
3519provide feedback to the other developers. The feedback normally takes
3520the form of a "patch", i. e. a context diff against a certain (latest
3521official or latest in the git repository) version of U-Boot sources.
3522
3523But before you submit such a patch, please verify that your modifi-
3524cation did not break existing code. At least make sure that *ALL* of
3525the supported boards compile WITHOUT ANY compiler warnings. To do so,
3526just run the buildman script (tools/buildman/buildman), which will
3527configure and build U-Boot for ALL supported system. Be warned, this
3528will take a while. Please see the buildman README, or run 'buildman -H'
3529for documentation.
3530
3531
3532See also "U-Boot Porting Guide" below.
3533
3534
3535Monitor Commands - Overview:
3536============================
3537
3538go	- start application at address 'addr'
3539run	- run commands in an environment variable
3540bootm	- boot application image from memory
3541bootp	- boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
3542bootz   - boot zImage from memory
3543tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
3544	       and env variables "ipaddr" and "serverip"
3545	       (and eventually "gatewayip")
3546tftpput - upload a file via network using TFTP protocol
3547rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
3548diskboot- boot from IDE devicebootd   - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
3549loads	- load S-Record file over serial line
3550loadb	- load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
3551md	- memory display
3552mm	- memory modify (auto-incrementing)
3553nm	- memory modify (constant address)
3554mw	- memory write (fill)
3555cp	- memory copy
3556cmp	- memory compare
3557crc32	- checksum calculation
3558i2c	- I2C sub-system
3559sspi	- SPI utility commands
3560base	- print or set address offset
3561printenv- print environment variables
3562setenv	- set environment variables
3563saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
3564protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
3565erase	- erase FLASH memory
3566flinfo	- print FLASH memory information
3567nand	- NAND memory operations (see doc/README.nand)
3568bdinfo	- print Board Info structure
3569iminfo	- print header information for application image
3570coninfo - print console devices and informations
3571ide	- IDE sub-system
3572loop	- infinite loop on address range
3573loopw	- infinite write loop on address range
3574mtest	- simple RAM test
3575icache	- enable or disable instruction cache
3576dcache	- enable or disable data cache
3577reset	- Perform RESET of the CPU
3578echo	- echo args to console
3579version - print monitor version
3580help	- print online help
3581?	- alias for 'help'
3582
3583
3584Monitor Commands - Detailed Description:
3585========================================
3586
3587TODO.
3588
3589For now: just type "help <command>".
3590
3591
3592Environment Variables:
3593======================
3594
3595U-Boot supports user configuration using Environment Variables which
3596can be made persistent by saving to Flash memory.
3597
3598Environment Variables are set using "setenv", printed using
3599"printenv", and saved to Flash using "saveenv". Using "setenv"
3600without a value can be used to delete a variable from the
3601environment. As long as you don't save the environment you are
3602working with an in-memory copy. In case the Flash area containing the
3603environment is erased by accident, a default environment is provided.
3604
3605Some configuration options can be set using Environment Variables.
3606
3607List of environment variables (most likely not complete):
3608
3609  baudrate	- see CONFIG_BAUDRATE
3610
3611  bootdelay	- see CONFIG_BOOTDELAY
3612
3613  bootcmd	- see CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
3614
3615  bootargs	- Boot arguments when booting an RTOS image
3616
3617  bootfile	- Name of the image to load with TFTP
3618
3619  bootm_low	- Memory range available for image processing in the bootm
3620		  command can be restricted. This variable is given as
3621		  a hexadecimal number and defines lowest address allowed
3622		  for use by the bootm command. See also "bootm_size"
3623		  environment variable. Address defined by "bootm_low" is
3624		  also the base of the initial memory mapping for the Linux
3625		  kernel -- see the description of CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ and
3626		  bootm_mapsize.
3627
3628  bootm_mapsize - Size of the initial memory mapping for the Linux kernel.
3629		  This variable is given as a hexadecimal number and it
3630		  defines the size of the memory region starting at base
3631		  address bootm_low that is accessible by the Linux kernel
3632		  during early boot.  If unset, CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ is used
3633		  as the default value if it is defined, and bootm_size is
3634		  used otherwise.
3635
3636  bootm_size	- Memory range available for image processing in the bootm
3637		  command can be restricted. This variable is given as
3638		  a hexadecimal number and defines the size of the region
3639		  allowed for use by the bootm command. See also "bootm_low"
3640		  environment variable.
3641
3642  updatefile	- Location of the software update file on a TFTP server, used
3643		  by the automatic software update feature. Please refer to
3644		  documentation in doc/README.update for more details.
3645
3646  autoload	- if set to "no" (any string beginning with 'n'),
3647		  "bootp" will just load perform a lookup of the
3648		  configuration from the BOOTP server, but not try to
3649		  load any image using TFTP
3650
3651  autostart	- if set to "yes", an image loaded using the "bootp",
3652		  "rarpboot", "tftpboot" or "diskboot" commands will
3653		  be automatically started (by internally calling
3654		  "bootm")
3655
3656		  If set to "no", a standalone image passed to the
3657		  "bootm" command will be copied to the load address
3658		  (and eventually uncompressed), but NOT be started.
3659		  This can be used to load and uncompress arbitrary
3660		  data.
3661
3662  fdt_high	- if set this restricts the maximum address that the
3663		  flattened device tree will be copied into upon boot.
3664		  For example, if you have a system with 1 GB memory
3665		  at physical address 0x10000000, while Linux kernel
3666		  only recognizes the first 704 MB as low memory, you
3667		  may need to set fdt_high as 0x3C000000 to have the
3668		  device tree blob be copied to the maximum address
3669		  of the 704 MB low memory, so that Linux kernel can
3670		  access it during the boot procedure.
3671
3672		  If this is set to the special value 0xFFFFFFFF then
3673		  the fdt will not be copied at all on boot.  For this
3674		  to work it must reside in writable memory, have
3675		  sufficient padding on the end of it for u-boot to
3676		  add the information it needs into it, and the memory
3677		  must be accessible by the kernel.
3678
3679  fdtcontroladdr- if set this is the address of the control flattened
3680		  device tree used by U-Boot when CONFIG_OF_CONTROL is
3681		  defined.
3682
3683  i2cfast	- (PPC405GP|PPC405EP only)
3684		  if set to 'y' configures Linux I2C driver for fast
3685		  mode (400kHZ). This environment variable is used in
3686		  initialization code. So, for changes to be effective
3687		  it must be saved and board must be reset.
3688
3689  initrd_high	- restrict positioning of initrd images:
3690		  If this variable is not set, initrd images will be
3691		  copied to the highest possible address in RAM; this
3692		  is usually what you want since it allows for
3693		  maximum initrd size. If for some reason you want to
3694		  make sure that the initrd image is loaded below the
3695		  CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ limit, you can set this environment
3696		  variable to a value of "no" or "off" or "0".
3697		  Alternatively, you can set it to a maximum upper
3698		  address to use (U-Boot will still check that it
3699		  does not overwrite the U-Boot stack and data).
3700
3701		  For instance, when you have a system with 16 MB
3702		  RAM, and want to reserve 4 MB from use by Linux,
3703		  you can do this by adding "mem=12M" to the value of
3704		  the "bootargs" variable. However, now you must make
3705		  sure that the initrd image is placed in the first
3706		  12 MB as well - this can be done with
3707
3708		  setenv initrd_high 00c00000
3709
3710		  If you set initrd_high to 0xFFFFFFFF, this is an
3711		  indication to U-Boot that all addresses are legal
3712		  for the Linux kernel, including addresses in flash
3713		  memory. In this case U-Boot will NOT COPY the
3714		  ramdisk at all. This may be useful to reduce the
3715		  boot time on your system, but requires that this
3716		  feature is supported by your Linux kernel.
3717
3718  ipaddr	- IP address; needed for tftpboot command
3719
3720  loadaddr	- Default load address for commands like "bootp",
3721		  "rarpboot", "tftpboot", "loadb" or "diskboot"
3722
3723  loads_echo	- see CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
3724
3725  serverip	- TFTP server IP address; needed for tftpboot command
3726
3727  bootretry	- see CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
3728
3729  bootdelaykey	- see CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_DELAY_STR
3730
3731  bootstopkey	- see CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_STOP_STR
3732
3733  ethprime	- controls which interface is used first.
3734
3735  ethact	- controls which interface is currently active.
3736		  For example you can do the following
3737
3738		  => setenv ethact FEC
3739		  => ping 192.168.0.1 # traffic sent on FEC
3740		  => setenv ethact SCC
3741		  => ping 10.0.0.1 # traffic sent on SCC
3742
3743  ethrotate	- When set to "no" U-Boot does not go through all
3744		  available network interfaces.
3745		  It just stays at the currently selected interface.
3746
3747  netretry	- When set to "no" each network operation will
3748		  either succeed or fail without retrying.
3749		  When set to "once" the network operation will
3750		  fail when all the available network interfaces
3751		  are tried once without success.
3752		  Useful on scripts which control the retry operation
3753		  themselves.
3754
3755  npe_ucode	- set load address for the NPE microcode
3756
3757  silent_linux  - If set then Linux will be told to boot silently, by
3758		  changing the console to be empty. If "yes" it will be
3759		  made silent. If "no" it will not be made silent. If
3760		  unset, then it will be made silent if the U-Boot console
3761		  is silent.
3762
3763  tftpsrcp	- If this is set, the value is used for TFTP's
3764		  UDP source port.
3765
3766  tftpdstp	- If this is set, the value is used for TFTP's UDP
3767		  destination port instead of the Well Know Port 69.
3768
3769  tftpblocksize - Block size to use for TFTP transfers; if not set,
3770		  we use the TFTP server's default block size
3771
3772  tftptimeout	- Retransmission timeout for TFTP packets (in milli-
3773		  seconds, minimum value is 1000 = 1 second). Defines
3774		  when a packet is considered to be lost so it has to
3775		  be retransmitted. The default is 5000 = 5 seconds.
3776		  Lowering this value may make downloads succeed
3777		  faster in networks with high packet loss rates or
3778		  with unreliable TFTP servers.
3779
3780  tftptimeoutcountmax	- maximum count of TFTP timeouts (no
3781		  unit, minimum value = 0). Defines how many timeouts
3782		  can happen during a single file transfer before that
3783		  transfer is aborted. The default is 10, and 0 means
3784		  'no timeouts allowed'. Increasing this value may help
3785		  downloads succeed with high packet loss rates, or with
3786		  unreliable TFTP servers or client hardware.
3787
3788  vlan		- When set to a value < 4095 the traffic over
3789		  Ethernet is encapsulated/received over 802.1q
3790		  VLAN tagged frames.
3791
3792  bootpretryperiod	- Period during which BOOTP/DHCP sends retries.
3793		  Unsigned value, in milliseconds. If not set, the period will
3794		  be either the default (28000), or a value based on
3795		  CONFIG_NET_RETRY_COUNT, if defined. This value has
3796		  precedence over the valu based on CONFIG_NET_RETRY_COUNT.
3797
3798The following image location variables contain the location of images
3799used in booting. The "Image" column gives the role of the image and is
3800not an environment variable name. The other columns are environment
3801variable names. "File Name" gives the name of the file on a TFTP
3802server, "RAM Address" gives the location in RAM the image will be
3803loaded to, and "Flash Location" gives the image's address in NOR
3804flash or offset in NAND flash.
3805
3806*Note* - these variables don't have to be defined for all boards, some
3807boards currently use other variables for these purposes, and some
3808boards use these variables for other purposes.
3809
3810Image		    File Name	     RAM Address       Flash Location
3811-----		    ---------	     -----------       --------------
3812u-boot		    u-boot	     u-boot_addr_r     u-boot_addr
3813Linux kernel	    bootfile	     kernel_addr_r     kernel_addr
3814device tree blob    fdtfile	     fdt_addr_r	       fdt_addr
3815ramdisk		    ramdiskfile	     ramdisk_addr_r    ramdisk_addr
3816
3817The following environment variables may be used and automatically
3818updated by the network boot commands ("bootp" and "rarpboot"),
3819depending the information provided by your boot server:
3820
3821  bootfile	- see above
3822  dnsip		- IP address of your Domain Name Server
3823  dnsip2	- IP address of your secondary Domain Name Server
3824  gatewayip	- IP address of the Gateway (Router) to use
3825  hostname	- Target hostname
3826  ipaddr	- see above
3827  netmask	- Subnet Mask
3828  rootpath	- Pathname of the root filesystem on the NFS server
3829  serverip	- see above
3830
3831
3832There are two special Environment Variables:
3833
3834  serial#	- contains hardware identification information such
3835		  as type string and/or serial number
3836  ethaddr	- Ethernet address
3837
3838These variables can be set only once (usually during manufacturing of
3839the board). U-Boot refuses to delete or overwrite these variables
3840once they have been set once.
3841
3842
3843Further special Environment Variables:
3844
3845  ver		- Contains the U-Boot version string as printed
3846		  with the "version" command. This variable is
3847		  readonly (see CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE).
3848
3849
3850Please note that changes to some configuration parameters may take
3851only effect after the next boot (yes, that's just like Windoze :-).
3852
3853
3854Callback functions for environment variables:
3855---------------------------------------------
3856
3857For some environment variables, the behavior of u-boot needs to change
3858when their values are changed.  This functionality allows functions to
3859be associated with arbitrary variables.  On creation, overwrite, or
3860deletion, the callback will provide the opportunity for some side
3861effect to happen or for the change to be rejected.
3862
3863The callbacks are named and associated with a function using the
3864U_BOOT_ENV_CALLBACK macro in your board or driver code.
3865
3866These callbacks are associated with variables in one of two ways.  The
3867static list can be added to by defining CONFIG_ENV_CALLBACK_LIST_STATIC
3868in the board configuration to a string that defines a list of
3869associations.  The list must be in the following format:
3870
3871	entry = variable_name[:callback_name]
3872	list = entry[,list]
3873
3874If the callback name is not specified, then the callback is deleted.
3875Spaces are also allowed anywhere in the list.
3876
3877Callbacks can also be associated by defining the ".callbacks" variable
3878with the same list format above.  Any association in ".callbacks" will
3879override any association in the static list. You can define
3880CONFIG_ENV_CALLBACK_LIST_DEFAULT to a list (string) to define the
3881".callbacks" environment variable in the default or embedded environment.
3882
3883If CONFIG_REGEX is defined, the variable_name above is evaluated as a
3884regular expression. This allows multiple variables to be connected to
3885the same callback without explicitly listing them all out.
3886
3887The signature of the callback functions is:
3888
3889    int callback(const char *name, const char *value, enum env_op op, int flags)
3890
3891* name - changed environment variable
3892* value - new value of the environment variable
3893* op - operation (create, overwrite, or delete)
3894* flags - attributes of the environment variable change, see flags H_* in
3895  include/search.h
3896
3897The return value is 0 if the variable change is accepted and 1 otherwise.
3898
3899Command Line Parsing:
3900=====================
3901
3902There are two different command line parsers available with U-Boot:
3903the old "simple" one, and the much more powerful "hush" shell:
3904
3905Old, simple command line parser:
3906--------------------------------
3907
3908- supports environment variables (through setenv / saveenv commands)
3909- several commands on one line, separated by ';'
3910- variable substitution using "... ${name} ..." syntax
3911- special characters ('$', ';') can be escaped by prefixing with '\',
3912  for example:
3913	setenv bootcmd bootm \${address}
3914- You can also escape text by enclosing in single apostrophes, for example:
3915	setenv addip 'setenv bootargs $bootargs ip=$ipaddr:$serverip:$gatewayip:$netmask:$hostname::off'
3916
3917Hush shell:
3918-----------
3919
3920- similar to Bourne shell, with control structures like
3921  if...then...else...fi, for...do...done; while...do...done,
3922  until...do...done, ...
3923- supports environment ("global") variables (through setenv / saveenv
3924  commands) and local shell variables (through standard shell syntax
3925  "name=value"); only environment variables can be used with "run"
3926  command
3927
3928General rules:
3929--------------
3930
3931(1) If a command line (or an environment variable executed by a "run"
3932    command) contains several commands separated by semicolon, and
3933    one of these commands fails, then the remaining commands will be
3934    executed anyway.
3935
3936(2) If you execute several variables with one call to run (i. e.
3937    calling run with a list of variables as arguments), any failing
3938    command will cause "run" to terminate, i. e. the remaining
3939    variables are not executed.
3940
3941Note for Redundant Ethernet Interfaces:
3942=======================================
3943
3944Some boards come with redundant Ethernet interfaces; U-Boot supports
3945such configurations and is capable of automatic selection of a
3946"working" interface when needed. MAC assignment works as follows:
3947
3948Network interfaces are numbered eth0, eth1, eth2, ... Corresponding
3949MAC addresses can be stored in the environment as "ethaddr" (=>eth0),
3950"eth1addr" (=>eth1), "eth2addr", ...
3951
3952If the network interface stores some valid MAC address (for instance
3953in SROM), this is used as default address if there is NO correspon-
3954ding setting in the environment; if the corresponding environment
3955variable is set, this overrides the settings in the card; that means:
3956
3957o If the SROM has a valid MAC address, and there is no address in the
3958  environment, the SROM's address is used.
3959
3960o If there is no valid address in the SROM, and a definition in the
3961  environment exists, then the value from the environment variable is
3962  used.
3963
3964o If both the SROM and the environment contain a MAC address, and
3965  both addresses are the same, this MAC address is used.
3966
3967o If both the SROM and the environment contain a MAC address, and the
3968  addresses differ, the value from the environment is used and a
3969  warning is printed.
3970
3971o If neither SROM nor the environment contain a MAC address, an error
3972  is raised. If CONFIG_NET_RANDOM_ETHADDR is defined, then in this case
3973  a random, locally-assigned MAC is used.
3974
3975If Ethernet drivers implement the 'write_hwaddr' function, valid MAC addresses
3976will be programmed into hardware as part of the initialization process.	 This
3977may be skipped by setting the appropriate 'ethmacskip' environment variable.
3978The naming convention is as follows:
3979"ethmacskip" (=>eth0), "eth1macskip" (=>eth1) etc.
3980
3981Image Formats:
3982==============
3983
3984U-Boot is capable of booting (and performing other auxiliary operations on)
3985images in two formats:
3986
3987New uImage format (FIT)
3988-----------------------
3989
3990Flexible and powerful format based on Flattened Image Tree -- FIT (similar
3991to Flattened Device Tree). It allows the use of images with multiple
3992components (several kernels, ramdisks, etc.), with contents protected by
3993SHA1, MD5 or CRC32. More details are found in the doc/uImage.FIT directory.
3994
3995
3996Old uImage format
3997-----------------
3998
3999Old image format is based on binary files which can be basically anything,
4000preceded by a special header; see the definitions in include/image.h for
4001details; basically, the header defines the following image properties:
4002
4003* Target Operating System (Provisions for OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD,
4004  4.4BSD, Linux, SVR4, Esix, Solaris, Irix, SCO, Dell, NCR, VxWorks,
4005  LynxOS, pSOS, QNX, RTEMS, INTEGRITY;
4006  Currently supported: Linux, NetBSD, VxWorks, QNX, RTEMS, LynxOS,
4007  INTEGRITY).
4008* Target CPU Architecture (Provisions for Alpha, ARM, Intel x86,
4009  IA64, MIPS, NDS32, Nios II, PowerPC, IBM S390, SuperH, Sparc, Sparc 64 Bit;
4010  Currently supported: ARM, Intel x86, MIPS, NDS32, Nios II, PowerPC).
4011* Compression Type (uncompressed, gzip, bzip2)
4012* Load Address
4013* Entry Point
4014* Image Name
4015* Image Timestamp
4016
4017The header is marked by a special Magic Number, and both the header
4018and the data portions of the image are secured against corruption by
4019CRC32 checksums.
4020
4021
4022Linux Support:
4023==============
4024
4025Although U-Boot should support any OS or standalone application
4026easily, the main focus has always been on Linux during the design of
4027U-Boot.
4028
4029U-Boot includes many features that so far have been part of some
4030special "boot loader" code within the Linux kernel. Also, any
4031"initrd" images to be used are no longer part of one big Linux image;
4032instead, kernel and "initrd" are separate images. This implementation
4033serves several purposes:
4034
4035- the same features can be used for other OS or standalone
4036  applications (for instance: using compressed images to reduce the
4037  Flash memory footprint)
4038
4039- it becomes much easier to port new Linux kernel versions because
4040  lots of low-level, hardware dependent stuff are done by U-Boot
4041
4042- the same Linux kernel image can now be used with different "initrd"
4043  images; of course this also means that different kernel images can
4044  be run with the same "initrd". This makes testing easier (you don't
4045  have to build a new "zImage.initrd" Linux image when you just
4046  change a file in your "initrd"). Also, a field-upgrade of the
4047  software is easier now.
4048
4049
4050Linux HOWTO:
4051============
4052
4053Porting Linux to U-Boot based systems:
4054---------------------------------------
4055
4056U-Boot cannot save you from doing all the necessary modifications to
4057configure the Linux device drivers for use with your target hardware
4058(no, we don't intend to provide a full virtual machine interface to
4059Linux :-).
4060
4061But now you can ignore ALL boot loader code (in arch/powerpc/mbxboot).
4062
4063Just make sure your machine specific header file (for instance
4064include/asm-ppc/tqm8xx.h) includes the same definition of the Board
4065Information structure as we define in include/asm-<arch>/u-boot.h,
4066and make sure that your definition of IMAP_ADDR uses the same value
4067as your U-Boot configuration in CONFIG_SYS_IMMR.
4068
4069Note that U-Boot now has a driver model, a unified model for drivers.
4070If you are adding a new driver, plumb it into driver model. If there
4071is no uclass available, you are encouraged to create one. See
4072doc/driver-model.
4073
4074
4075Configuring the Linux kernel:
4076-----------------------------
4077
4078No specific requirements for U-Boot. Make sure you have some root
4079device (initial ramdisk, NFS) for your target system.
4080
4081
4082Building a Linux Image:
4083-----------------------
4084
4085With U-Boot, "normal" build targets like "zImage" or "bzImage" are
4086not used. If you use recent kernel source, a new build target
4087"uImage" will exist which automatically builds an image usable by
4088U-Boot. Most older kernels also have support for a "pImage" target,
4089which was introduced for our predecessor project PPCBoot and uses a
4090100% compatible format.
4091
4092Example:
4093
4094	make TQM850L_defconfig
4095	make oldconfig
4096	make dep
4097	make uImage
4098
4099The "uImage" build target uses a special tool (in 'tools/mkimage') to
4100encapsulate a compressed Linux kernel image with header	 information,
4101CRC32 checksum etc. for use with U-Boot. This is what we are doing:
4102
4103* build a standard "vmlinux" kernel image (in ELF binary format):
4104
4105* convert the kernel into a raw binary image:
4106
4107	${CROSS_COMPILE}-objcopy -O binary \
4108				 -R .note -R .comment \
4109				 -S vmlinux linux.bin
4110
4111* compress the binary image:
4112
4113	gzip -9 linux.bin
4114
4115* package compressed binary image for U-Boot:
4116
4117	mkimage -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C gzip \
4118		-a 0 -e 0 -n "Linux Kernel Image" \
4119		-d linux.bin.gz uImage
4120
4121
4122The "mkimage" tool can also be used to create ramdisk images for use
4123with U-Boot, either separated from the Linux kernel image, or
4124combined into one file. "mkimage" encapsulates the images with a 64
4125byte header containing information about target architecture,
4126operating system, image type, compression method, entry points, time
4127stamp, CRC32 checksums, etc.
4128
4129"mkimage" can be called in two ways: to verify existing images and
4130print the header information, or to build new images.
4131
4132In the first form (with "-l" option) mkimage lists the information
4133contained in the header of an existing U-Boot image; this includes
4134checksum verification:
4135
4136	tools/mkimage -l image
4137	  -l ==> list image header information
4138
4139The second form (with "-d" option) is used to build a U-Boot image
4140from a "data file" which is used as image payload:
4141
4142	tools/mkimage -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep \
4143		      -n name -d data_file image
4144	  -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'
4145	  -O ==> set operating system to 'os'
4146	  -T ==> set image type to 'type'
4147	  -C ==> set compression type 'comp'
4148	  -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)
4149	  -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)
4150	  -n ==> set image name to 'name'
4151	  -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'
4152
4153Right now, all Linux kernels for PowerPC systems use the same load
4154address (0x00000000), but the entry point address depends on the
4155kernel version:
4156
4157- 2.2.x kernels have the entry point at 0x0000000C,
4158- 2.3.x and later kernels have the entry point at 0x00000000.
4159
4160So a typical call to build a U-Boot image would read:
4161
4162	-> tools/mkimage -n '2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L' \
4163	> -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C gzip -a 0 -e 0 \
4164	> -d /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/powerpc/coffboot/vmlinux.gz \
4165	> examples/uImage.TQM850L
4166	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
4167	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
4168	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4169	Data Size:    335725 Bytes = 327.86 kB = 0.32 MB
4170	Load Address: 0x00000000
4171	Entry Point:  0x00000000
4172
4173To verify the contents of the image (or check for corruption):
4174
4175	-> tools/mkimage -l examples/uImage.TQM850L
4176	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
4177	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
4178	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4179	Data Size:    335725 Bytes = 327.86 kB = 0.32 MB
4180	Load Address: 0x00000000
4181	Entry Point:  0x00000000
4182
4183NOTE: for embedded systems where boot time is critical you can trade
4184speed for memory and install an UNCOMPRESSED image instead: this
4185needs more space in Flash, but boots much faster since it does not
4186need to be uncompressed:
4187
4188	-> gunzip /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/powerpc/coffboot/vmlinux.gz
4189	-> tools/mkimage -n '2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L' \
4190	> -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0 -e 0 \
4191	> -d /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/powerpc/coffboot/vmlinux \
4192	> examples/uImage.TQM850L-uncompressed
4193	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
4194	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
4195	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
4196	Data Size:    792160 Bytes = 773.59 kB = 0.76 MB
4197	Load Address: 0x00000000
4198	Entry Point:  0x00000000
4199
4200
4201Similar you can build U-Boot images from a 'ramdisk.image.gz' file
4202when your kernel is intended to use an initial ramdisk:
4203
4204	-> tools/mkimage -n 'Simple Ramdisk Image' \
4205	> -A ppc -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip \
4206	> -d /LinuxPPC/images/SIMPLE-ramdisk.image.gz examples/simple-initrd
4207	Image Name:   Simple Ramdisk Image
4208	Created:      Wed Jan 12 14:01:50 2000
4209	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
4210	Data Size:    566530 Bytes = 553.25 kB = 0.54 MB
4211	Load Address: 0x00000000
4212	Entry Point:  0x00000000
4213
4214The "dumpimage" is a tool to disassemble images built by mkimage. Its "-i"
4215option performs the converse operation of the mkimage's second form (the "-d"
4216option). Given an image built by mkimage, the dumpimage extracts a "data file"
4217from the image:
4218
4219	tools/dumpimage -i image -T type -p position data_file
4220	  -i ==> extract from the 'image' a specific 'data_file'
4221	  -T ==> set image type to 'type'
4222	  -p ==> 'position' (starting at 0) of the 'data_file' inside the 'image'
4223
4224
4225Installing a Linux Image:
4226-------------------------
4227
4228To downloading a U-Boot image over the serial (console) interface,
4229you must convert the image to S-Record format:
4230
4231	objcopy -I binary -O srec examples/image examples/image.srec
4232
4233The 'objcopy' does not understand the information in the U-Boot
4234image header, so the resulting S-Record file will be relative to
4235address 0x00000000. To load it to a given address, you need to
4236specify the target address as 'offset' parameter with the 'loads'
4237command.
4238
4239Example: install the image to address 0x40100000 (which on the
4240TQM8xxL is in the first Flash bank):
4241
4242	=> erase 40100000 401FFFFF
4243
4244	.......... done
4245	Erased 8 sectors
4246
4247	=> loads 40100000
4248	## Ready for S-Record download ...
4249	~>examples/image.srec
4250	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ...
4251	...
4252	15989 15990 15991 15992
4253	[file transfer complete]
4254	[connected]
4255	## Start Addr = 0x00000000
4256
4257
4258You can check the success of the download using the 'iminfo' command;
4259this includes a checksum verification so you can be sure no data
4260corruption happened:
4261
4262	=> imi 40100000
4263
4264	## Checking Image at 40100000 ...
4265	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
4266	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4267	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
4268	   Load Address: 00000000
4269	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
4270	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4271
4272
4273Boot Linux:
4274-----------
4275
4276The "bootm" command is used to boot an application that is stored in
4277memory (RAM or Flash). In case of a Linux kernel image, the contents
4278of the "bootargs" environment variable is passed to the kernel as
4279parameters. You can check and modify this variable using the
4280"printenv" and "setenv" commands:
4281
4282
4283	=> printenv bootargs
4284	bootargs=root=/dev/ram
4285
4286	=> setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
4287
4288	=> printenv bootargs
4289	bootargs=root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
4290
4291	=> bootm 40020000
4292	## Booting Linux kernel at 40020000 ...
4293	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for NFS on TQM850L
4294	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4295	   Data Size:	 381681 Bytes = 372 kB = 0 MB
4296	   Load Address: 00000000
4297	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
4298	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4299	   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
4300	Linux version 2.2.13 (wd@denx.local.net) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991024 (release)) #1 Wed Jul 19 02:35:17 MEST 2000
4301	Boot arguments: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
4302	time_init: decrementer frequency = 187500000/60
4303	Calibrating delay loop... 49.77 BogoMIPS
4304	Memory: 15208k available (700k kernel code, 444k data, 32k init) [c0000000,c1000000]
4305	...
4306
4307If you want to boot a Linux kernel with initial RAM disk, you pass
4308the memory addresses of both the kernel and the initrd image (PPBCOOT
4309format!) to the "bootm" command:
4310
4311	=> imi 40100000 40200000
4312
4313	## Checking Image at 40100000 ...
4314	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
4315	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4316	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
4317	   Load Address: 00000000
4318	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
4319	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4320
4321	## Checking Image at 40200000 ...
4322	   Image Name:	 Simple Ramdisk Image
4323	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
4324	   Data Size:	 566530 Bytes = 553 kB = 0 MB
4325	   Load Address: 00000000
4326	   Entry Point:	 00000000
4327	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4328
4329	=> bootm 40100000 40200000
4330	## Booting Linux kernel at 40100000 ...
4331	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
4332	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4333	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
4334	   Load Address: 00000000
4335	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
4336	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4337	   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
4338	## Loading RAMDisk Image at 40200000 ...
4339	   Image Name:	 Simple Ramdisk Image
4340	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
4341	   Data Size:	 566530 Bytes = 553 kB = 0 MB
4342	   Load Address: 00000000
4343	   Entry Point:	 00000000
4344	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4345	   Loading Ramdisk ... OK
4346	Linux version 2.2.13 (wd@denx.local.net) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991024 (release)) #1 Wed Jul 19 02:32:08 MEST 2000
4347	Boot arguments: root=/dev/ram
4348	time_init: decrementer frequency = 187500000/60
4349	Calibrating delay loop... 49.77 BogoMIPS
4350	...
4351	RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
4352	VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
4353
4354	bash#
4355
4356Boot Linux and pass a flat device tree:
4357-----------
4358
4359First, U-Boot must be compiled with the appropriate defines. See the section
4360titled "Linux Kernel Interface" above for a more in depth explanation. The
4361following is an example of how to start a kernel and pass an updated
4362flat device tree:
4363
4364=> print oftaddr
4365oftaddr=0x300000
4366=> print oft
4367oft=oftrees/mpc8540ads.dtb
4368=> tftp $oftaddr $oft
4369Speed: 1000, full duplex
4370Using TSEC0 device
4371TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
4372Filename 'oftrees/mpc8540ads.dtb'.
4373Load address: 0x300000
4374Loading: #
4375done
4376Bytes transferred = 4106 (100a hex)
4377=> tftp $loadaddr $bootfile
4378Speed: 1000, full duplex
4379Using TSEC0 device
4380TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.1.2
4381Filename 'uImage'.
4382Load address: 0x200000
4383Loading:############
4384done
4385Bytes transferred = 1029407 (fb51f hex)
4386=> print loadaddr
4387loadaddr=200000
4388=> print oftaddr
4389oftaddr=0x300000
4390=> bootm $loadaddr - $oftaddr
4391## Booting image at 00200000 ...
4392   Image Name:	 Linux-2.6.17-dirty
4393   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4394   Data Size:	 1029343 Bytes = 1005.2 kB
4395   Load Address: 00000000
4396   Entry Point:	 00000000
4397   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4398   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
4399Booting using flat device tree at 0x300000
4400Using MPC85xx ADS machine description
4401Memory CAM mapping: CAM0=256Mb, CAM1=256Mb, CAM2=0Mb residual: 0Mb
4402[snip]
4403
4404
4405More About U-Boot Image Types:
4406------------------------------
4407
4408U-Boot supports the following image types:
4409
4410   "Standalone Programs" are directly runnable in the environment
4411	provided by U-Boot; it is expected that (if they behave
4412	well) you can continue to work in U-Boot after return from
4413	the Standalone Program.
4414   "OS Kernel Images" are usually images of some Embedded OS which
4415	will take over control completely. Usually these programs
4416	will install their own set of exception handlers, device
4417	drivers, set up the MMU, etc. - this means, that you cannot
4418	expect to re-enter U-Boot except by resetting the CPU.
4419   "RAMDisk Images" are more or less just data blocks, and their
4420	parameters (address, size) are passed to an OS kernel that is
4421	being started.
4422   "Multi-File Images" contain several images, typically an OS
4423	(Linux) kernel image and one or more data images like
4424	RAMDisks. This construct is useful for instance when you want
4425	to boot over the network using BOOTP etc., where the boot
4426	server provides just a single image file, but you want to get
4427	for instance an OS kernel and a RAMDisk image.
4428
4429	"Multi-File Images" start with a list of image sizes, each
4430	image size (in bytes) specified by an "uint32_t" in network
4431	byte order. This list is terminated by an "(uint32_t)0".
4432	Immediately after the terminating 0 follow the images, one by
4433	one, all aligned on "uint32_t" boundaries (size rounded up to
4434	a multiple of 4 bytes).
4435
4436   "Firmware Images" are binary images containing firmware (like
4437	U-Boot or FPGA images) which usually will be programmed to
4438	flash memory.
4439
4440   "Script files" are command sequences that will be executed by
4441	U-Boot's command interpreter; this feature is especially
4442	useful when you configure U-Boot to use a real shell (hush)
4443	as command interpreter.
4444
4445Booting the Linux zImage:
4446-------------------------
4447
4448On some platforms, it's possible to boot Linux zImage. This is done
4449using the "bootz" command. The syntax of "bootz" command is the same
4450as the syntax of "bootm" command.
4451
4452Note, defining the CONFIG_SUPPORT_RAW_INITRD allows user to supply
4453kernel with raw initrd images. The syntax is slightly different, the
4454address of the initrd must be augmented by it's size, in the following
4455format: "<initrd addres>:<initrd size>".
4456
4457
4458Standalone HOWTO:
4459=================
4460
4461One of the features of U-Boot is that you can dynamically load and
4462run "standalone" applications, which can use some resources of
4463U-Boot like console I/O functions or interrupt services.
4464
4465Two simple examples are included with the sources:
4466
4467"Hello World" Demo:
4468-------------------
4469
4470'examples/hello_world.c' contains a small "Hello World" Demo
4471application; it is automatically compiled when you build U-Boot.
4472It's configured to run at address 0x00040004, so you can play with it
4473like that:
4474
4475	=> loads
4476	## Ready for S-Record download ...
4477	~>examples/hello_world.srec
4478	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
4479	[file transfer complete]
4480	[connected]
4481	## Start Addr = 0x00040004
4482
4483	=> go 40004 Hello World! This is a test.
4484	## Starting application at 0x00040004 ...
4485	Hello World
4486	argc = 7
4487	argv[0] = "40004"
4488	argv[1] = "Hello"
4489	argv[2] = "World!"
4490	argv[3] = "This"
4491	argv[4] = "is"
4492	argv[5] = "a"
4493	argv[6] = "test."
4494	argv[7] = "<NULL>"
4495	Hit any key to exit ...
4496
4497	## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
4498
4499Another example, which demonstrates how to register a CPM interrupt
4500handler with the U-Boot code, can be found in 'examples/timer.c'.
4501Here, a CPM timer is set up to generate an interrupt every second.
4502The interrupt service routine is trivial, just printing a '.'
4503character, but this is just a demo program. The application can be
4504controlled by the following keys:
4505
4506	? - print current values og the CPM Timer registers
4507	b - enable interrupts and start timer
4508	e - stop timer and disable interrupts
4509	q - quit application
4510
4511	=> loads
4512	## Ready for S-Record download ...
4513	~>examples/timer.srec
4514	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
4515	[file transfer complete]
4516	[connected]
4517	## Start Addr = 0x00040004
4518
4519	=> go 40004
4520	## Starting application at 0x00040004 ...
4521	TIMERS=0xfff00980
4522	Using timer 1
4523	  tgcr @ 0xfff00980, tmr @ 0xfff00990, trr @ 0xfff00994, tcr @ 0xfff00998, tcn @ 0xfff0099c, ter @ 0xfff009b0
4524
4525Hit 'b':
4526	[q, b, e, ?] Set interval 1000000 us
4527	Enabling timer
4528Hit '?':
4529	[q, b, e, ?] ........
4530	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0xef6, ter=0x0
4531Hit '?':
4532	[q, b, e, ?] .
4533	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x2ad4, ter=0x0
4534Hit '?':
4535	[q, b, e, ?] .
4536	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x1efc, ter=0x0
4537Hit '?':
4538	[q, b, e, ?] .
4539	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x169d, ter=0x0
4540Hit 'e':
4541	[q, b, e, ?] ...Stopping timer
4542Hit 'q':
4543	[q, b, e, ?] ## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
4544
4545
4546Minicom warning:
4547================
4548
4549Over time, many people have reported problems when trying to use the
4550"minicom" terminal emulation program for serial download. I (wd)
4551consider minicom to be broken, and recommend not to use it. Under
4552Unix, I recommend to use C-Kermit for general purpose use (and
4553especially for kermit binary protocol download ("loadb" command), and
4554use "cu" for S-Record download ("loads" command).  See
4555http://www.denx.de/wiki/view/DULG/SystemSetup#Section_4.3.
4556for help with kermit.
4557
4558
4559Nevertheless, if you absolutely want to use it try adding this
4560configuration to your "File transfer protocols" section:
4561
4562	   Name	   Program			Name U/D FullScr IO-Red. Multi
4563	X  kermit  /usr/bin/kermit -i -l %l -s	 Y    U	   Y	   N	  N
4564	Y  kermit  /usr/bin/kermit -i -l %l -r	 N    D	   Y	   N	  N
4565
4566
4567NetBSD Notes:
4568=============
4569
4570Starting at version 0.9.2, U-Boot supports NetBSD both as host
4571(build U-Boot) and target system (boots NetBSD/mpc8xx).
4572
4573Building requires a cross environment; it is known to work on
4574NetBSD/i386 with the cross-powerpc-netbsd-1.3 package (you will also
4575need gmake since the Makefiles are not compatible with BSD make).
4576Note that the cross-powerpc package does not install include files;
4577attempting to build U-Boot will fail because <machine/ansi.h> is
4578missing.  This file has to be installed and patched manually:
4579
4580	# cd /usr/pkg/cross/powerpc-netbsd/include
4581	# mkdir powerpc
4582	# ln -s powerpc machine
4583	# cp /usr/src/sys/arch/powerpc/include/ansi.h powerpc/ansi.h
4584	# ${EDIT} powerpc/ansi.h	## must remove __va_list, _BSD_VA_LIST
4585
4586Native builds *don't* work due to incompatibilities between native
4587and U-Boot include files.
4588
4589Booting assumes that (the first part of) the image booted is a
4590stage-2 loader which in turn loads and then invokes the kernel
4591proper. Loader sources will eventually appear in the NetBSD source
4592tree (probably in sys/arc/mpc8xx/stand/u-boot_stage2/); in the
4593meantime, see ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/ppcboot_stage2.tar.gz
4594
4595
4596Implementation Internals:
4597=========================
4598
4599The following is not intended to be a complete description of every
4600implementation detail. However, it should help to understand the
4601inner workings of U-Boot and make it easier to port it to custom
4602hardware.
4603
4604
4605Initial Stack, Global Data:
4606---------------------------
4607
4608The implementation of U-Boot is complicated by the fact that U-Boot
4609starts running out of ROM (flash memory), usually without access to
4610system RAM (because the memory controller is not initialized yet).
4611This means that we don't have writable Data or BSS segments, and BSS
4612is not initialized as zero. To be able to get a C environment working
4613at all, we have to allocate at least a minimal stack. Implementation
4614options for this are defined and restricted by the CPU used: Some CPU
4615models provide on-chip memory (like the IMMR area on MPC8xx and
4616MPC826x processors), on others (parts of) the data cache can be
4617locked as (mis-) used as memory, etc.
4618
4619	Chris Hallinan posted a good summary of these issues to the
4620	U-Boot mailing list:
4621
4622	Subject: RE: [U-Boot-Users] RE: More On Memory Bank x (nothingness)?
4623	From: "Chris Hallinan" <clh@net1plus.com>
4624	Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 16:43:46 -0500 (22:43 MET)
4625	...
4626
4627	Correct me if I'm wrong, folks, but the way I understand it
4628	is this: Using DCACHE as initial RAM for Stack, etc, does not
4629	require any physical RAM backing up the cache. The cleverness
4630	is that the cache is being used as a temporary supply of
4631	necessary storage before the SDRAM controller is setup. It's
4632	beyond the scope of this list to explain the details, but you
4633	can see how this works by studying the cache architecture and
4634	operation in the architecture and processor-specific manuals.
4635
4636	OCM is On Chip Memory, which I believe the 405GP has 4K. It
4637	is another option for the system designer to use as an
4638	initial stack/RAM area prior to SDRAM being available. Either
4639	option should work for you. Using CS 4 should be fine if your
4640	board designers haven't used it for something that would
4641	cause you grief during the initial boot! It is frequently not
4642	used.
4643
4644	CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR should be somewhere that won't interfere
4645	with your processor/board/system design. The default value
4646	you will find in any recent u-boot distribution in
4647	walnut.h should work for you. I'd set it to a value larger
4648	than your SDRAM module. If you have a 64MB SDRAM module, set
4649	it above 400_0000. Just make sure your board has no resources
4650	that are supposed to respond to that address! That code in
4651	start.S has been around a while and should work as is when
4652	you get the config right.
4653
4654	-Chris Hallinan
4655	DS4.COM, Inc.
4656
4657It is essential to remember this, since it has some impact on the C
4658code for the initialization procedures:
4659
4660* Initialized global data (data segment) is read-only. Do not attempt
4661  to write it.
4662
4663* Do not use any uninitialized global data (or implicitly initialized
4664  as zero data - BSS segment) at all - this is undefined, initiali-
4665  zation is performed later (when relocating to RAM).
4666
4667* Stack space is very limited. Avoid big data buffers or things like
4668  that.
4669
4670Having only the stack as writable memory limits means we cannot use
4671normal global data to share information between the code. But it
4672turned out that the implementation of U-Boot can be greatly
4673simplified by making a global data structure (gd_t) available to all
4674functions. We could pass a pointer to this data as argument to _all_
4675functions, but this would bloat the code. Instead we use a feature of
4676the GCC compiler (Global Register Variables) to share the data: we
4677place a pointer (gd) to the global data into a register which we
4678reserve for this purpose.
4679
4680When choosing a register for such a purpose we are restricted by the
4681relevant  (E)ABI  specifications for the current architecture, and by
4682GCC's implementation.
4683
4684For PowerPC, the following registers have specific use:
4685	R1:	stack pointer
4686	R2:	reserved for system use
4687	R3-R4:	parameter passing and return values
4688	R5-R10: parameter passing
4689	R13:	small data area pointer
4690	R30:	GOT pointer
4691	R31:	frame pointer
4692
4693	(U-Boot also uses R12 as internal GOT pointer. r12
4694	is a volatile register so r12 needs to be reset when
4695	going back and forth between asm and C)
4696
4697    ==> U-Boot will use R2 to hold a pointer to the global data
4698
4699    Note: on PPC, we could use a static initializer (since the
4700    address of the global data structure is known at compile time),
4701    but it turned out that reserving a register results in somewhat
4702    smaller code - although the code savings are not that big (on
4703    average for all boards 752 bytes for the whole U-Boot image,
4704    624 text + 127 data).
4705
4706On ARM, the following registers are used:
4707
4708	R0:	function argument word/integer result
4709	R1-R3:	function argument word
4710	R9:	platform specific
4711	R10:	stack limit (used only if stack checking is enabled)
4712	R11:	argument (frame) pointer
4713	R12:	temporary workspace
4714	R13:	stack pointer
4715	R14:	link register
4716	R15:	program counter
4717
4718    ==> U-Boot will use R9 to hold a pointer to the global data
4719
4720    Note: on ARM, only R_ARM_RELATIVE relocations are supported.
4721
4722On Nios II, the ABI is documented here:
4723	http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2cpu_nii51016.pdf
4724
4725    ==> U-Boot will use gp to hold a pointer to the global data
4726
4727    Note: on Nios II, we give "-G0" option to gcc and don't use gp
4728    to access small data sections, so gp is free.
4729
4730On NDS32, the following registers are used:
4731
4732	R0-R1:	argument/return
4733	R2-R5:	argument
4734	R15:	temporary register for assembler
4735	R16:	trampoline register
4736	R28:	frame pointer (FP)
4737	R29:	global pointer (GP)
4738	R30:	link register (LP)
4739	R31:	stack pointer (SP)
4740	PC:	program counter (PC)
4741
4742    ==> U-Boot will use R10 to hold a pointer to the global data
4743
4744NOTE: DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR must be used with file-global scope,
4745or current versions of GCC may "optimize" the code too much.
4746
4747On RISC-V, the following registers are used:
4748
4749	x0: hard-wired zero (zero)
4750	x1: return address (ra)
4751	x2:	stack pointer (sp)
4752	x3:	global pointer (gp)
4753	x4:	thread pointer (tp)
4754	x5:	link register (t0)
4755	x8:	frame pointer (fp)
4756	x10-x11:	arguments/return values (a0-1)
4757	x12-x17:	arguments (a2-7)
4758	x28-31:	 temporaries (t3-6)
4759	pc:	program counter (pc)
4760
4761    ==> U-Boot will use gp to hold a pointer to the global data
4762
4763Memory Management:
4764------------------
4765
4766U-Boot runs in system state and uses physical addresses, i.e. the
4767MMU is not used either for address mapping nor for memory protection.
4768
4769The available memory is mapped to fixed addresses using the memory
4770controller. In this process, a contiguous block is formed for each
4771memory type (Flash, SDRAM, SRAM), even when it consists of several
4772physical memory banks.
4773
4774U-Boot is installed in the first 128 kB of the first Flash bank (on
4775TQM8xxL modules this is the range 0x40000000 ... 0x4001FFFF). After
4776booting and sizing and initializing DRAM, the code relocates itself
4777to the upper end of DRAM. Immediately below the U-Boot code some
4778memory is reserved for use by malloc() [see CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN
4779configuration setting]. Below that, a structure with global Board
4780Info data is placed, followed by the stack (growing downward).
4781
4782Additionally, some exception handler code is copied to the low 8 kB
4783of DRAM (0x00000000 ... 0x00001FFF).
4784
4785So a typical memory configuration with 16 MB of DRAM could look like
4786this:
4787
4788	0x0000 0000	Exception Vector code
4789	      :
4790	0x0000 1FFF
4791	0x0000 2000	Free for Application Use
4792	      :
4793	      :
4794
4795	      :
4796	      :
4797	0x00FB FF20	Monitor Stack (Growing downward)
4798	0x00FB FFAC	Board Info Data and permanent copy of global data
4799	0x00FC 0000	Malloc Arena
4800	      :
4801	0x00FD FFFF
4802	0x00FE 0000	RAM Copy of Monitor Code
4803	...		eventually: LCD or video framebuffer
4804	...		eventually: pRAM (Protected RAM - unchanged by reset)
4805	0x00FF FFFF	[End of RAM]
4806
4807
4808System Initialization:
4809----------------------
4810
4811In the reset configuration, U-Boot starts at the reset entry point
4812(on most PowerPC systems at address 0x00000100). Because of the reset
4813configuration for CS0# this is a mirror of the on board Flash memory.
4814To be able to re-map memory U-Boot then jumps to its link address.
4815To be able to implement the initialization code in C, a (small!)
4816initial stack is set up in the internal Dual Ported RAM (in case CPUs
4817which provide such a feature like), or in a locked part of the data
4818cache. After that, U-Boot initializes the CPU core, the caches and
4819the SIU.
4820
4821Next, all (potentially) available memory banks are mapped using a
4822preliminary mapping. For example, we put them on 512 MB boundaries
4823(multiples of 0x20000000: SDRAM on 0x00000000 and 0x20000000, Flash
4824on 0x40000000 and 0x60000000, SRAM on 0x80000000). Then UPM A is
4825programmed for SDRAM access. Using the temporary configuration, a
4826simple memory test is run that determines the size of the SDRAM
4827banks.
4828
4829When there is more than one SDRAM bank, and the banks are of
4830different size, the largest is mapped first. For equal size, the first
4831bank (CS2#) is mapped first. The first mapping is always for address
48320x00000000, with any additional banks following immediately to create
4833contiguous memory starting from 0.
4834
4835Then, the monitor installs itself at the upper end of the SDRAM area
4836and allocates memory for use by malloc() and for the global Board
4837Info data; also, the exception vector code is copied to the low RAM
4838pages, and the final stack is set up.
4839
4840Only after this relocation will you have a "normal" C environment;
4841until that you are restricted in several ways, mostly because you are
4842running from ROM, and because the code will have to be relocated to a
4843new address in RAM.
4844
4845
4846U-Boot Porting Guide:
4847----------------------
4848
4849[Based on messages by Jerry Van Baren in the U-Boot-Users mailing
4850list, October 2002]
4851
4852
4853int main(int argc, char *argv[])
4854{
4855	sighandler_t no_more_time;
4856
4857	signal(SIGALRM, no_more_time);
4858	alarm(PROJECT_DEADLINE - toSec (3 * WEEK));
4859
4860	if (available_money > available_manpower) {
4861		Pay consultant to port U-Boot;
4862		return 0;
4863	}
4864
4865	Download latest U-Boot source;
4866
4867	Subscribe to u-boot mailing list;
4868
4869	if (clueless)
4870		email("Hi, I am new to U-Boot, how do I get started?");
4871
4872	while (learning) {
4873		Read the README file in the top level directory;
4874		Read http://www.denx.de/twiki/bin/view/DULG/Manual;
4875		Read applicable doc/*.README;
4876		Read the source, Luke;
4877		/* find . -name "*.[chS]" | xargs grep -i <keyword> */
4878	}
4879
4880	if (available_money > toLocalCurrency ($2500))
4881		Buy a BDI3000;
4882	else
4883		Add a lot of aggravation and time;
4884
4885	if (a similar board exists) {	/* hopefully... */
4886		cp -a board/<similar> board/<myboard>
4887		cp include/configs/<similar>.h include/configs/<myboard>.h
4888	} else {
4889		Create your own board support subdirectory;
4890		Create your own board include/configs/<myboard>.h file;
4891	}
4892	Edit new board/<myboard> files
4893	Edit new include/configs/<myboard>.h
4894
4895	while (!accepted) {
4896		while (!running) {
4897			do {
4898				Add / modify source code;
4899			} until (compiles);
4900			Debug;
4901			if (clueless)
4902				email("Hi, I am having problems...");
4903		}
4904		Send patch file to the U-Boot email list;
4905		if (reasonable critiques)
4906			Incorporate improvements from email list code review;
4907		else
4908			Defend code as written;
4909	}
4910
4911	return 0;
4912}
4913
4914void no_more_time (int sig)
4915{
4916      hire_a_guru();
4917}
4918
4919
4920Coding Standards:
4921-----------------
4922
4923All contributions to U-Boot should conform to the Linux kernel
4924coding style; see the kernel coding style guide at
4925https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/coding-style.html, and the
4926script "scripts/Lindent" in your Linux kernel source directory.
4927
4928Source files originating from a different project (for example the
4929MTD subsystem) are generally exempt from these guidelines and are not
4930reformatted to ease subsequent migration to newer versions of those
4931sources.
4932
4933Please note that U-Boot is implemented in C (and to some small parts in
4934Assembler); no C++ is used, so please do not use C++ style comments (//)
4935in your code.
4936
4937Please also stick to the following formatting rules:
4938- remove any trailing white space
4939- use TAB characters for indentation and vertical alignment, not spaces
4940- make sure NOT to use DOS '\r\n' line feeds
4941- do not add more than 2 consecutive empty lines to source files
4942- do not add trailing empty lines to source files
4943
4944Submissions which do not conform to the standards may be returned
4945with a request to reformat the changes.
4946
4947
4948Submitting Patches:
4949-------------------
4950
4951Since the number of patches for U-Boot is growing, we need to
4952establish some rules. Submissions which do not conform to these rules
4953may be rejected, even when they contain important and valuable stuff.
4954
4955Please see http://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot/Patches for details.
4956
4957Patches shall be sent to the u-boot mailing list <u-boot@lists.denx.de>;
4958see https://lists.denx.de/listinfo/u-boot
4959
4960When you send a patch, please include the following information with
4961it:
4962
4963* For bug fixes: a description of the bug and how your patch fixes
4964  this bug. Please try to include a way of demonstrating that the
4965  patch actually fixes something.
4966
4967* For new features: a description of the feature and your
4968  implementation.
4969
4970* A CHANGELOG entry as plaintext (separate from the patch)
4971
4972* For major contributions, add a MAINTAINERS file with your
4973  information and associated file and directory references.
4974
4975* When you add support for a new board, don't forget to add a
4976  maintainer e-mail address to the boards.cfg file, too.
4977
4978* If your patch adds new configuration options, don't forget to
4979  document these in the README file.
4980
4981* The patch itself. If you are using git (which is *strongly*
4982  recommended) you can easily generate the patch using the
4983  "git format-patch". If you then use "git send-email" to send it to
4984  the U-Boot mailing list, you will avoid most of the common problems
4985  with some other mail clients.
4986
4987  If you cannot use git, use "diff -purN OLD NEW". If your version of
4988  diff does not support these options, then get the latest version of
4989  GNU diff.
4990
4991  The current directory when running this command shall be the parent
4992  directory of the U-Boot source tree (i. e. please make sure that
4993  your patch includes sufficient directory information for the
4994  affected files).
4995
4996  We prefer patches as plain text. MIME attachments are discouraged,
4997  and compressed attachments must not be used.
4998
4999* If one logical set of modifications affects or creates several
5000  files, all these changes shall be submitted in a SINGLE patch file.
5001
5002* Changesets that contain different, unrelated modifications shall be
5003  submitted as SEPARATE patches, one patch per changeset.
5004
5005
5006Notes:
5007
5008* Before sending the patch, run the buildman script on your patched
5009  source tree and make sure that no errors or warnings are reported
5010  for any of the boards.
5011
5012* Keep your modifications to the necessary minimum: A patch
5013  containing several unrelated changes or arbitrary reformats will be
5014  returned with a request to re-formatting / split it.
5015
5016* If you modify existing code, make sure that your new code does not
5017  add to the memory footprint of the code ;-) Small is beautiful!
5018  When adding new features, these should compile conditionally only
5019  (using #ifdef), and the resulting code with the new feature
5020  disabled must not need more memory than the old code without your
5021  modification.
5022
5023* Remember that there is a size limit of 100 kB per message on the
5024  u-boot mailing list. Bigger patches will be moderated. If they are
5025  reasonable and not too big, they will be acknowledged. But patches
5026  bigger than the size limit should be avoided.
5027