xref: /openbmc/u-boot/README (revision 8207d8ba)
1# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2#
3# (C) Copyright 2000 - 2013
4# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
5
6Summary:
7========
8
9This directory contains the source code for U-Boot, a boot loader for
10Embedded boards based on PowerPC, ARM, MIPS and several other
11processors, which can be installed in a boot ROM and used to
12initialize and test the hardware or to download and run application
13code.
14
15The development of U-Boot is closely related to Linux: some parts of
16the source code originate in the Linux source tree, we have some
17header files in common, and special provision has been made to
18support booting of Linux images.
19
20Some attention has been paid to make this software easily
21configurable and extendable. For instance, all monitor commands are
22implemented with the same call interface, so that it's very easy to
23add new commands. Also, instead of permanently adding rarely used
24code (for instance hardware test utilities) to the monitor, you can
25load and run it dynamically.
26
27
28Status:
29=======
30
31In general, all boards for which a configuration option exists in the
32Makefile have been tested to some extent and can be considered
33"working". In fact, many of them are used in production systems.
34
35In case of problems see the CHANGELOG file to find out who contributed
36the specific port. In addition, there are various MAINTAINERS files
37scattered throughout the U-Boot source identifying the people or
38companies responsible for various boards and subsystems.
39
40Note: As of August, 2010, there is no longer a CHANGELOG file in the
41actual U-Boot source tree; however, it can be created dynamically
42from the Git log using:
43
44	make CHANGELOG
45
46
47Where to get help:
48==================
49
50In case you have questions about, problems with or contributions for
51U-Boot, you should send a message to the U-Boot mailing list at
52<u-boot@lists.denx.de>. There is also an archive of previous traffic
53on the mailing list - please search the archive before asking FAQ's.
54Please see http://lists.denx.de/pipermail/u-boot and
55http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.comp.boot-loaders.u-boot
56
57
58Where to get source code:
59=========================
60
61The U-Boot source code is maintained in the Git repository at
62git://www.denx.de/git/u-boot.git ; you can browse it online at
63http://www.denx.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=u-boot.git;a=summary
64
65The "snapshot" links on this page allow you to download tarballs of
66any version you might be interested in. Official releases are also
67available for FTP download from the ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/
68directory.
69
70Pre-built (and tested) images are available from
71ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/images/
72
73
74Where we come from:
75===================
76
77- start from 8xxrom sources
78- create PPCBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ppcboot)
79- clean up code
80- make it easier to add custom boards
81- make it possible to add other [PowerPC] CPUs
82- extend functions, especially:
83  * Provide extended interface to Linux boot loader
84  * S-Record download
85  * network boot
86  * PCMCIA / CompactFlash / ATA disk / SCSI ... boot
87- create ARMBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/armboot)
88- add other CPU families (starting with ARM)
89- create U-Boot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/u-boot)
90- current project page: see http://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot
91
92
93Names and Spelling:
94===================
95
96The "official" name of this project is "Das U-Boot". The spelling
97"U-Boot" shall be used in all written text (documentation, comments
98in source files etc.). Example:
99
100	This is the README file for the U-Boot project.
101
102File names etc. shall be based on the string "u-boot". Examples:
103
104	include/asm-ppc/u-boot.h
105
106	#include <asm/u-boot.h>
107
108Variable names, preprocessor constants etc. shall be either based on
109the string "u_boot" or on "U_BOOT". Example:
110
111	U_BOOT_VERSION		u_boot_logo
112	IH_OS_U_BOOT		u_boot_hush_start
113
114
115Versioning:
116===========
117
118Starting with the release in October 2008, the names of the releases
119were changed from numerical release numbers without deeper meaning
120into a time stamp based numbering. Regular releases are identified by
121names consisting of the calendar year and month of the release date.
122Additional fields (if present) indicate release candidates or bug fix
123releases in "stable" maintenance trees.
124
125Examples:
126	U-Boot v2009.11	    - Release November 2009
127	U-Boot v2009.11.1   - Release 1 in version November 2009 stable tree
128	U-Boot v2010.09-rc1 - Release candidate 1 for September 2010 release
129
130
131Directory Hierarchy:
132====================
133
134/arch			Architecture specific files
135  /arc			Files generic to ARC architecture
136  /arm			Files generic to ARM architecture
137  /m68k			Files generic to m68k architecture
138  /microblaze		Files generic to microblaze architecture
139  /mips			Files generic to MIPS architecture
140  /nds32		Files generic to NDS32 architecture
141  /nios2		Files generic to Altera NIOS2 architecture
142  /openrisc		Files generic to OpenRISC architecture
143  /powerpc		Files generic to PowerPC architecture
144  /riscv		Files generic to RISC-V architecture
145  /sandbox		Files generic to HW-independent "sandbox"
146  /sh			Files generic to SH architecture
147  /x86			Files generic to x86 architecture
148/api			Machine/arch independent API for external apps
149/board			Board dependent files
150/cmd			U-Boot commands functions
151/common			Misc architecture independent functions
152/configs		Board default configuration files
153/disk			Code for disk drive partition handling
154/doc			Documentation (don't expect too much)
155/drivers		Commonly used device drivers
156/dts			Contains Makefile for building internal U-Boot fdt.
157/examples		Example code for standalone applications, etc.
158/fs			Filesystem code (cramfs, ext2, jffs2, etc.)
159/include		Header Files
160/lib			Library routines generic to all architectures
161/Licenses		Various license files
162/net			Networking code
163/post			Power On Self Test
164/scripts		Various build scripts and Makefiles
165/test			Various unit test files
166/tools			Tools to build S-Record or U-Boot images, etc.
167
168Software Configuration:
169=======================
170
171Configuration is usually done using C preprocessor defines; the
172rationale behind that is to avoid dead code whenever possible.
173
174There are two classes of configuration variables:
175
176* Configuration _OPTIONS_:
177  These are selectable by the user and have names beginning with
178  "CONFIG_".
179
180* Configuration _SETTINGS_:
181  These depend on the hardware etc. and should not be meddled with if
182  you don't know what you're doing; they have names beginning with
183  "CONFIG_SYS_".
184
185Previously, all configuration was done by hand, which involved creating
186symbolic links and editing configuration files manually. More recently,
187U-Boot has added the Kbuild infrastructure used by the Linux kernel,
188allowing you to use the "make menuconfig" command to configure your
189build.
190
191
192Selection of Processor Architecture and Board Type:
193---------------------------------------------------
194
195For all supported boards there are ready-to-use default
196configurations available; just type "make <board_name>_defconfig".
197
198Example: For a TQM823L module type:
199
200	cd u-boot
201	make TQM823L_defconfig
202
203Note: If you're looking for the default configuration file for a board
204you're sure used to be there but is now missing, check the file
205doc/README.scrapyard for a list of no longer supported boards.
206
207Sandbox Environment:
208--------------------
209
210U-Boot can be built natively to run on a Linux host using the 'sandbox'
211board. This allows feature development which is not board- or architecture-
212specific to be undertaken on a native platform. The sandbox is also used to
213run some of U-Boot's tests.
214
215See board/sandbox/README.sandbox for more details.
216
217
218Board Initialisation Flow:
219--------------------------
220
221This is the intended start-up flow for boards. This should apply for both
222SPL and U-Boot proper (i.e. they both follow the same rules).
223
224Note: "SPL" stands for "Secondary Program Loader," which is explained in
225more detail later in this file.
226
227At present, SPL mostly uses a separate code path, but the function names
228and roles of each function are the same. Some boards or architectures
229may not conform to this.  At least most ARM boards which use
230CONFIG_SPL_FRAMEWORK conform to this.
231
232Execution typically starts with an architecture-specific (and possibly
233CPU-specific) start.S file, such as:
234
235	- arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S
236	- arch/powerpc/cpu/mpc83xx/start.S
237	- arch/mips/cpu/start.S
238
239and so on. From there, three functions are called; the purpose and
240limitations of each of these functions are described below.
241
242lowlevel_init():
243	- purpose: essential init to permit execution to reach board_init_f()
244	- no global_data or BSS
245	- there is no stack (ARMv7 may have one but it will soon be removed)
246	- must not set up SDRAM or use console
247	- must only do the bare minimum to allow execution to continue to
248		board_init_f()
249	- this is almost never needed
250	- return normally from this function
251
252board_init_f():
253	- purpose: set up the machine ready for running board_init_r():
254		i.e. SDRAM and serial UART
255	- global_data is available
256	- stack is in SRAM
257	- BSS is not available, so you cannot use global/static variables,
258		only stack variables and global_data
259
260	Non-SPL-specific notes:
261	- dram_init() is called to set up DRAM. If already done in SPL this
262		can do nothing
263
264	SPL-specific notes:
265	- you can override the entire board_init_f() function with your own
266		version as needed.
267	- preloader_console_init() can be called here in extremis
268	- should set up SDRAM, and anything needed to make the UART work
269	- these is no need to clear BSS, it will be done by crt0.S
270	- must return normally from this function (don't call board_init_r()
271		directly)
272
273Here the BSS is cleared. For SPL, if CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R is defined, then at
274this point the stack and global_data are relocated to below
275CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R_ADDR. For non-SPL, U-Boot is relocated to run at the top of
276memory.
277
278board_init_r():
279	- purpose: main execution, common code
280	- global_data is available
281	- SDRAM is available
282	- BSS is available, all static/global variables can be used
283	- execution eventually continues to main_loop()
284
285	Non-SPL-specific notes:
286	- U-Boot is relocated to the top of memory and is now running from
287		there.
288
289	SPL-specific notes:
290	- stack is optionally in SDRAM, if CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R is defined and
291		CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R_ADDR points into SDRAM
292	- preloader_console_init() can be called here - typically this is
293		done by selecting CONFIG_SPL_BOARD_INIT and then supplying a
294		spl_board_init() function containing this call
295	- loads U-Boot or (in falcon mode) Linux
296
297
298
299Configuration Options:
300----------------------
301
302Configuration depends on the combination of board and CPU type; all
303such information is kept in a configuration file
304"include/configs/<board_name>.h".
305
306Example: For a TQM823L module, all configuration settings are in
307"include/configs/TQM823L.h".
308
309
310Many of the options are named exactly as the corresponding Linux
311kernel configuration options. The intention is to make it easier to
312build a config tool - later.
313
314- ARM Platform Bus Type(CCI):
315		CoreLink Cache Coherent Interconnect (CCI) is ARM BUS which
316		provides full cache coherency between two clusters of multi-core
317		CPUs and I/O coherency for devices and I/O masters
318
319		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_HAS_CCI400
320
321		Defined For SoC that has cache coherent interconnect
322		CCN-400
323
324		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_HAS_CCN504
325
326		Defined for SoC that has cache coherent interconnect CCN-504
327
328The following options need to be configured:
329
330- CPU Type:	Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_MPC85XX.
331
332- Board Type:	Define exactly one, e.g. CONFIG_MPC8540ADS.
333
334- 85xx CPU Options:
335		CONFIG_SYS_PPC64
336
337		Specifies that the core is a 64-bit PowerPC implementation (implements
338		the "64" category of the Power ISA). This is necessary for ePAPR
339		compliance, among other possible reasons.
340
341		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_TBCLK_DIV
342
343		Defines the core time base clock divider ratio compared to the
344		system clock.  On most PQ3 devices this is 8, on newer QorIQ
345		devices it can be 16 or 32.  The ratio varies from SoC to Soc.
346
347		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_PCIE_COMPAT
348
349		Defines the string to utilize when trying to match PCIe device
350		tree nodes for the given platform.
351
352		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510
353
354		Enables a workaround for erratum A004510.  If set,
355		then CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510_SVR_REV and
356		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_CORENET_SNOOPVEC_COREONLY must be set.
357
358		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510_SVR_REV
359		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510_SVR_REV2 (optional)
360
361		Defines one or two SoC revisions (low 8 bits of SVR)
362		for which the A004510 workaround should be applied.
363
364		The rest of SVR is either not relevant to the decision
365		of whether the erratum is present (e.g. p2040 versus
366		p2041) or is implied by the build target, which controls
367		whether CONFIG_SYS_FSL_ERRATUM_A004510 is set.
368
369		See Freescale App Note 4493 for more information about
370		this erratum.
371
372		CONFIG_A003399_NOR_WORKAROUND
373		Enables a workaround for IFC erratum A003399. It is only
374		required during NOR boot.
375
376		CONFIG_A008044_WORKAROUND
377		Enables a workaround for T1040/T1042 erratum A008044. It is only
378		required during NAND boot and valid for Rev 1.0 SoC revision
379
380		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_CORENET_SNOOPVEC_COREONLY
381
382		This is the value to write into CCSR offset 0x18600
383		according to the A004510 workaround.
384
385		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DSP_DDR_ADDR
386		This value denotes start offset of DDR memory which is
387		connected exclusively to the DSP cores.
388
389		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DSP_M2_RAM_ADDR
390		This value denotes start offset of M2 memory
391		which is directly connected to the DSP core.
392
393		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DSP_M3_RAM_ADDR
394		This value denotes start offset of M3 memory which is directly
395		connected to the DSP core.
396
397		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DSP_CCSRBAR_DEFAULT
398		This value denotes start offset of DSP CCSR space.
399
400		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_SINGLE_SOURCE_CLK
401		Single Source Clock is clocking mode present in some of FSL SoC's.
402		In this mode, a single differential clock is used to supply
403		clocks to the sysclock, ddrclock and usbclock.
404
405		CONFIG_SYS_CPC_REINIT_F
406		This CONFIG is defined when the CPC is configured as SRAM at the
407		time of U-Boot entry and is required to be re-initialized.
408
409		CONFIG_DEEP_SLEEP
410		Indicates this SoC supports deep sleep feature. If deep sleep is
411		supported, core will start to execute uboot when wakes up.
412
413- Generic CPU options:
414		CONFIG_SYS_BIG_ENDIAN, CONFIG_SYS_LITTLE_ENDIAN
415
416		Defines the endianess of the CPU. Implementation of those
417		values is arch specific.
418
419		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR
420		Freescale DDR driver in use. This type of DDR controller is
421		found in mpc83xx, mpc85xx, mpc86xx as well as some ARM core
422		SoCs.
423
424		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_ADDR
425		Freescale DDR memory-mapped register base.
426
427		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_EMU
428		Specify emulator support for DDR. Some DDR features such as
429		deskew training are not available.
430
431		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_GEN1
432		Freescale DDR1 controller.
433
434		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_GEN2
435		Freescale DDR2 controller.
436
437		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_GEN3
438		Freescale DDR3 controller.
439
440		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_GEN4
441		Freescale DDR4 controller.
442
443		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDRC_ARM_GEN3
444		Freescale DDR3 controller for ARM-based SoCs.
445
446		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR1
447		Board config to use DDR1. It can be enabled for SoCs with
448		Freescale DDR1 or DDR2 controllers, depending on the board
449		implemetation.
450
451		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR2
452		Board config to use DDR2. It can be enabled for SoCs with
453		Freescale DDR2 or DDR3 controllers, depending on the board
454		implementation.
455
456		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR3
457		Board config to use DDR3. It can be enabled for SoCs with
458		Freescale DDR3 or DDR3L controllers.
459
460		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR3L
461		Board config to use DDR3L. It can be enabled for SoCs with
462		DDR3L controllers.
463
464		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR4
465		Board config to use DDR4. It can be enabled for SoCs with
466		DDR4 controllers.
467
468		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_IFC_BE
469		Defines the IFC controller register space as Big Endian
470
471		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_IFC_LE
472		Defines the IFC controller register space as Little Endian
473
474		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_IFC_CLK_DIV
475		Defines divider of platform clock(clock input to IFC controller).
476
477		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_LBC_CLK_DIV
478		Defines divider of platform clock(clock input to eLBC controller).
479
480		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_PBL_PBI
481		It enables addition of RCW (Power on reset configuration) in built image.
482		Please refer doc/README.pblimage for more details
483
484		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_PBL_RCW
485		It adds PBI(pre-boot instructions) commands in u-boot build image.
486		PBI commands can be used to configure SoC before it starts the execution.
487		Please refer doc/README.pblimage for more details
488
489		CONFIG_SPL_FSL_PBL
490		It adds a target to create boot binary having SPL binary in PBI format
491		concatenated with u-boot binary.
492
493		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_BE
494		Defines the DDR controller register space as Big Endian
495
496		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_LE
497		Defines the DDR controller register space as Little Endian
498
499		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_SDRAM_BASE_PHY
500		Physical address from the view of DDR controllers. It is the
501		same as CONFIG_SYS_DDR_SDRAM_BASE for  all Power SoCs. But
502		it could be different for ARM SoCs.
503
504		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_INTLV_256B
505		DDR controller interleaving on 256-byte. This is a special
506		interleaving mode, handled by Dickens for Freescale layerscape
507		SoCs with ARM core.
508
509		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR_MAIN_NUM_CTRLS
510		Number of controllers used as main memory.
511
512		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_OTHER_DDR_NUM_CTRLS
513		Number of controllers used for other than main memory.
514
515		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_HAS_DP_DDR
516		Defines the SoC has DP-DDR used for DPAA.
517
518		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_SEC_BE
519		Defines the SEC controller register space as Big Endian
520
521		CONFIG_SYS_FSL_SEC_LE
522		Defines the SEC controller register space as Little Endian
523
524- MIPS CPU options:
525		CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_OFFSET
526
527		Offset relative to CONFIG_SYS_SDRAM_BASE for initial stack
528		pointer. This is needed for the temporary stack before
529		relocation.
530
531		CONFIG_XWAY_SWAP_BYTES
532
533		Enable compilation of tools/xway-swap-bytes needed for Lantiq
534		XWAY SoCs for booting from NOR flash. The U-Boot image needs to
535		be swapped if a flash programmer is used.
536
537- ARM options:
538		CONFIG_SYS_EXCEPTION_VECTORS_HIGH
539
540		Select high exception vectors of the ARM core, e.g., do not
541		clear the V bit of the c1 register of CP15.
542
543		COUNTER_FREQUENCY
544		Generic timer clock source frequency.
545
546		COUNTER_FREQUENCY_REAL
547		Generic timer clock source frequency if the real clock is
548		different from COUNTER_FREQUENCY, and can only be determined
549		at run time.
550
551- Tegra SoC options:
552		CONFIG_TEGRA_SUPPORT_NON_SECURE
553
554		Support executing U-Boot in non-secure (NS) mode. Certain
555		impossible actions will be skipped if the CPU is in NS mode,
556		such as ARM architectural timer initialization.
557
558- Linux Kernel Interface:
559		CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ
560
561		U-Boot stores all clock information in Hz
562		internally. For binary compatibility with older Linux
563		kernels (which expect the clocks passed in the
564		bd_info data to be in MHz) the environment variable
565		"clocks_in_mhz" can be defined so that U-Boot
566		converts clock data to MHZ before passing it to the
567		Linux kernel.
568		When CONFIG_CLOCKS_IN_MHZ is defined, a definition of
569		"clocks_in_mhz=1" is automatically included in the
570		default environment.
571
572		CONFIG_MEMSIZE_IN_BYTES		[relevant for MIPS only]
573
574		When transferring memsize parameter to Linux, some versions
575		expect it to be in bytes, others in MB.
576		Define CONFIG_MEMSIZE_IN_BYTES to make it in bytes.
577
578		CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
579
580		New kernel versions are expecting firmware settings to be
581		passed using flattened device trees (based on open firmware
582		concepts).
583
584		CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
585		 * New libfdt-based support
586		 * Adds the "fdt" command
587		 * The bootm command automatically updates the fdt
588
589		OF_TBCLK - The timebase frequency.
590		OF_STDOUT_PATH - The path to the console device
591
592		boards with QUICC Engines require OF_QE to set UCC MAC
593		addresses
594
595		CONFIG_OF_BOARD_SETUP
596
597		Board code has addition modification that it wants to make
598		to the flat device tree before handing it off to the kernel
599
600		CONFIG_OF_SYSTEM_SETUP
601
602		Other code has addition modification that it wants to make
603		to the flat device tree before handing it off to the kernel.
604		This causes ft_system_setup() to be called before booting
605		the kernel.
606
607		CONFIG_OF_IDE_FIXUP
608
609		U-Boot can detect if an IDE device is present or not.
610		If not, and this new config option is activated, U-Boot
611		removes the ATA node from the DTS before booting Linux,
612		so the Linux IDE driver does not probe the device and
613		crash. This is needed for buggy hardware (uc101) where
614		no pull down resistor is connected to the signal IDE5V_DD7.
615
616		CONFIG_MACH_TYPE	[relevant for ARM only][mandatory]
617
618		This setting is mandatory for all boards that have only one
619		machine type and must be used to specify the machine type
620		number as it appears in the ARM machine registry
621		(see http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/machines/).
622		Only boards that have multiple machine types supported
623		in a single configuration file and the machine type is
624		runtime discoverable, do not have to use this setting.
625
626- vxWorks boot parameters:
627
628		bootvx constructs a valid bootline using the following
629		environments variables: bootdev, bootfile, ipaddr, netmask,
630		serverip, gatewayip, hostname, othbootargs.
631		It loads the vxWorks image pointed bootfile.
632
633		Note: If a "bootargs" environment is defined, it will overwride
634		the defaults discussed just above.
635
636- Cache Configuration:
637		CONFIG_SYS_L2CACHE_OFF- Do not enable L2 cache in U-Boot
638
639- Cache Configuration for ARM:
640		CONFIG_SYS_L2_PL310 - Enable support for ARM PL310 L2 cache
641				      controller
642		CONFIG_SYS_PL310_BASE - Physical base address of PL310
643					controller register space
644
645- Serial Ports:
646		CONFIG_PL010_SERIAL
647
648		Define this if you want support for Amba PrimeCell PL010 UARTs.
649
650		CONFIG_PL011_SERIAL
651
652		Define this if you want support for Amba PrimeCell PL011 UARTs.
653
654		CONFIG_PL011_CLOCK
655
656		If you have Amba PrimeCell PL011 UARTs, set this variable to
657		the clock speed of the UARTs.
658
659		CONFIG_PL01x_PORTS
660
661		If you have Amba PrimeCell PL010 or PL011 UARTs on your board,
662		define this to a list of base addresses for each (supported)
663		port. See e.g. include/configs/versatile.h
664
665		CONFIG_SERIAL_HW_FLOW_CONTROL
666
667		Define this variable to enable hw flow control in serial driver.
668		Current user of this option is drivers/serial/nsl16550.c driver
669
670- Console Baudrate:
671		CONFIG_BAUDRATE - in bps
672		Select one of the baudrates listed in
673		CONFIG_SYS_BAUDRATE_TABLE, see below.
674
675- Autoboot Command:
676		CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
677		Only needed when CONFIG_BOOTDELAY is enabled;
678		define a command string that is automatically executed
679		when no character is read on the console interface
680		within "Boot Delay" after reset.
681
682		CONFIG_RAMBOOT and CONFIG_NFSBOOT
683		The value of these goes into the environment as
684		"ramboot" and "nfsboot" respectively, and can be used
685		as a convenience, when switching between booting from
686		RAM and NFS.
687
688- Serial Download Echo Mode:
689		CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
690		If defined to 1, all characters received during a
691		serial download (using the "loads" command) are
692		echoed back. This might be needed by some terminal
693		emulations (like "cu"), but may as well just take
694		time on others. This setting #define's the initial
695		value of the "loads_echo" environment variable.
696
697- Kgdb Serial Baudrate: (if CONFIG_CMD_KGDB is defined)
698		CONFIG_KGDB_BAUDRATE
699		Select one of the baudrates listed in
700		CONFIG_SYS_BAUDRATE_TABLE, see below.
701
702- Removal of commands
703		If no commands are needed to boot, you can disable
704		CONFIG_CMDLINE to remove them. In this case, the command line
705		will not be available, and when U-Boot wants to execute the
706		boot command (on start-up) it will call board_run_command()
707		instead. This can reduce image size significantly for very
708		simple boot procedures.
709
710- Regular expression support:
711		CONFIG_REGEX
712		If this variable is defined, U-Boot is linked against
713		the SLRE (Super Light Regular Expression) library,
714		which adds regex support to some commands, as for
715		example "env grep" and "setexpr".
716
717- Device tree:
718		CONFIG_OF_CONTROL
719		If this variable is defined, U-Boot will use a device tree
720		to configure its devices, instead of relying on statically
721		compiled #defines in the board file. This option is
722		experimental and only available on a few boards. The device
723		tree is available in the global data as gd->fdt_blob.
724
725		U-Boot needs to get its device tree from somewhere. This can
726		be done using one of the three options below:
727
728		CONFIG_OF_EMBED
729		If this variable is defined, U-Boot will embed a device tree
730		binary in its image. This device tree file should be in the
731		board directory and called <soc>-<board>.dts. The binary file
732		is then picked up in board_init_f() and made available through
733		the global data structure as gd->fdt_blob.
734
735		CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE
736		If this variable is defined, U-Boot will build a device tree
737		binary. It will be called u-boot.dtb. Architecture-specific
738		code will locate it at run-time. Generally this works by:
739
740			cat u-boot.bin u-boot.dtb >image.bin
741
742		and in fact, U-Boot does this for you, creating a file called
743		u-boot-dtb.bin which is useful in the common case. You can
744		still use the individual files if you need something more
745		exotic.
746
747		CONFIG_OF_BOARD
748		If this variable is defined, U-Boot will use the device tree
749		provided by the board at runtime instead of embedding one with
750		the image. Only boards defining board_fdt_blob_setup() support
751		this option (see include/fdtdec.h file).
752
753- Watchdog:
754		CONFIG_WATCHDOG
755		If this variable is defined, it enables watchdog
756		support for the SoC. There must be support in the SoC
757		specific code for a watchdog. For the 8xx
758		CPUs, the SIU Watchdog feature is enabled in the SYPCR
759		register.  When supported for a specific SoC is
760		available, then no further board specific code should
761		be needed to use it.
762
763		CONFIG_HW_WATCHDOG
764		When using a watchdog circuitry external to the used
765		SoC, then define this variable and provide board
766		specific code for the "hw_watchdog_reset" function.
767
768		CONFIG_AT91_HW_WDT_TIMEOUT
769		specify the timeout in seconds. default 2 seconds.
770
771- Real-Time Clock:
772
773		When CONFIG_CMD_DATE is selected, the type of the RTC
774		has to be selected, too. Define exactly one of the
775		following options:
776
777		CONFIG_RTC_PCF8563	- use Philips PCF8563 RTC
778		CONFIG_RTC_MC13XXX	- use MC13783 or MC13892 RTC
779		CONFIG_RTC_MC146818	- use MC146818 RTC
780		CONFIG_RTC_DS1307	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1307 RTC
781		CONFIG_RTC_DS1337	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1337 RTC
782		CONFIG_RTC_DS1338	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1338 RTC
783		CONFIG_RTC_DS1339	- use Maxim, Inc. DS1339 RTC
784		CONFIG_RTC_DS164x	- use Dallas DS164x RTC
785		CONFIG_RTC_ISL1208	- use Intersil ISL1208 RTC
786		CONFIG_RTC_MAX6900	- use Maxim, Inc. MAX6900 RTC
787		CONFIG_RTC_DS1337_NOOSC	- Turn off the OSC output for DS1337
788		CONFIG_SYS_RV3029_TCR	- enable trickle charger on
789					  RV3029 RTC.
790
791		Note that if the RTC uses I2C, then the I2C interface
792		must also be configured. See I2C Support, below.
793
794- GPIO Support:
795		CONFIG_PCA953X		- use NXP's PCA953X series I2C GPIO
796
797		The CONFIG_SYS_I2C_PCA953X_WIDTH option specifies a list of
798		chip-ngpio pairs that tell the PCA953X driver the number of
799		pins supported by a particular chip.
800
801		Note that if the GPIO device uses I2C, then the I2C interface
802		must also be configured. See I2C Support, below.
803
804- I/O tracing:
805		When CONFIG_IO_TRACE is selected, U-Boot intercepts all I/O
806		accesses and can checksum them or write a list of them out
807		to memory. See the 'iotrace' command for details. This is
808		useful for testing device drivers since it can confirm that
809		the driver behaves the same way before and after a code
810		change. Currently this is supported on sandbox and arm. To
811		add support for your architecture, add '#include <iotrace.h>'
812		to the bottom of arch/<arch>/include/asm/io.h and test.
813
814		Example output from the 'iotrace stats' command is below.
815		Note that if the trace buffer is exhausted, the checksum will
816		still continue to operate.
817
818			iotrace is enabled
819			Start:  10000000	(buffer start address)
820			Size:   00010000	(buffer size)
821			Offset: 00000120	(current buffer offset)
822			Output: 10000120	(start + offset)
823			Count:  00000018	(number of trace records)
824			CRC32:  9526fb66	(CRC32 of all trace records)
825
826- Timestamp Support:
827
828		When CONFIG_TIMESTAMP is selected, the timestamp
829		(date and time) of an image is printed by image
830		commands like bootm or iminfo. This option is
831		automatically enabled when you select CONFIG_CMD_DATE .
832
833- Partition Labels (disklabels) Supported:
834		Zero or more of the following:
835		CONFIG_MAC_PARTITION   Apple's MacOS partition table.
836		CONFIG_ISO_PARTITION   ISO partition table, used on CDROM etc.
837		CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION   GPT partition table, common when EFI is the
838				       bootloader.  Note 2TB partition limit; see
839				       disk/part_efi.c
840		CONFIG_SCSI) you must configure support for at
841		least one non-MTD partition type as well.
842
843- IDE Reset method:
844		CONFIG_IDE_RESET_ROUTINE - this is defined in several
845		board configurations files but used nowhere!
846
847		CONFIG_IDE_RESET - is this is defined, IDE Reset will
848		be performed by calling the function
849			ide_set_reset(int reset)
850		which has to be defined in a board specific file
851
852- ATAPI Support:
853		CONFIG_ATAPI
854
855		Set this to enable ATAPI support.
856
857- LBA48 Support
858		CONFIG_LBA48
859
860		Set this to enable support for disks larger than 137GB
861		Also look at CONFIG_SYS_64BIT_LBA.
862		Whithout these , LBA48 support uses 32bit variables and will 'only'
863		support disks up to 2.1TB.
864
865		CONFIG_SYS_64BIT_LBA:
866			When enabled, makes the IDE subsystem use 64bit sector addresses.
867			Default is 32bit.
868
869- SCSI Support:
870		CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_LUN [8], CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_SCSI_ID [7] and
871		CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_DEVICE [CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_SCSI_ID *
872		CONFIG_SYS_SCSI_MAX_LUN] can be adjusted to define the
873		maximum numbers of LUNs, SCSI ID's and target
874		devices.
875
876		The environment variable 'scsidevs' is set to the number of
877		SCSI devices found during the last scan.
878
879- NETWORK Support (PCI):
880		CONFIG_E1000
881		Support for Intel 8254x/8257x gigabit chips.
882
883		CONFIG_E1000_SPI
884		Utility code for direct access to the SPI bus on Intel 8257x.
885		This does not do anything useful unless you set at least one
886		of CONFIG_CMD_E1000 or CONFIG_E1000_SPI_GENERIC.
887
888		CONFIG_E1000_SPI_GENERIC
889		Allow generic access to the SPI bus on the Intel 8257x, for
890		example with the "sspi" command.
891
892		CONFIG_EEPRO100
893		Support for Intel 82557/82559/82559ER chips.
894		Optional CONFIG_EEPRO100_SROM_WRITE enables EEPROM
895		write routine for first time initialisation.
896
897		CONFIG_TULIP
898		Support for Digital 2114x chips.
899		Optional CONFIG_TULIP_SELECT_MEDIA for board specific
900		modem chip initialisation (KS8761/QS6611).
901
902		CONFIG_NATSEMI
903		Support for National dp83815 chips.
904
905		CONFIG_NS8382X
906		Support for National dp8382[01] gigabit chips.
907
908- NETWORK Support (other):
909
910		CONFIG_DRIVER_AT91EMAC
911		Support for AT91RM9200 EMAC.
912
913			CONFIG_RMII
914			Define this to use reduced MII inteface
915
916			CONFIG_DRIVER_AT91EMAC_QUIET
917			If this defined, the driver is quiet.
918			The driver doen't show link status messages.
919
920		CONFIG_CALXEDA_XGMAC
921		Support for the Calxeda XGMAC device
922
923		CONFIG_LAN91C96
924		Support for SMSC's LAN91C96 chips.
925
926			CONFIG_LAN91C96_USE_32_BIT
927			Define this to enable 32 bit addressing
928
929		CONFIG_SMC91111
930		Support for SMSC's LAN91C111 chip
931
932			CONFIG_SMC91111_BASE
933			Define this to hold the physical address
934			of the device (I/O space)
935
936			CONFIG_SMC_USE_32_BIT
937			Define this if data bus is 32 bits
938
939			CONFIG_SMC_USE_IOFUNCS
940			Define this to use i/o functions instead of macros
941			(some hardware wont work with macros)
942
943			CONFIG_SYS_DAVINCI_EMAC_PHY_COUNT
944			Define this if you have more then 3 PHYs.
945
946		CONFIG_FTGMAC100
947		Support for Faraday's FTGMAC100 Gigabit SoC Ethernet
948
949			CONFIG_FTGMAC100_EGIGA
950			Define this to use GE link update with gigabit PHY.
951			Define this if FTGMAC100 is connected to gigabit PHY.
952			If your system has 10/100 PHY only, it might not occur
953			wrong behavior. Because PHY usually return timeout or
954			useless data when polling gigabit status and gigabit
955			control registers. This behavior won't affect the
956			correctnessof 10/100 link speed update.
957
958		CONFIG_SH_ETHER
959		Support for Renesas on-chip Ethernet controller
960
961			CONFIG_SH_ETHER_USE_PORT
962			Define the number of ports to be used
963
964			CONFIG_SH_ETHER_PHY_ADDR
965			Define the ETH PHY's address
966
967			CONFIG_SH_ETHER_CACHE_WRITEBACK
968			If this option is set, the driver enables cache flush.
969
970- PWM Support:
971		CONFIG_PWM_IMX
972		Support for PWM module on the imx6.
973
974- TPM Support:
975		CONFIG_TPM
976		Support TPM devices.
977
978		CONFIG_TPM_TIS_INFINEON
979		Support for Infineon i2c bus TPM devices. Only one device
980		per system is supported at this time.
981
982			CONFIG_TPM_TIS_I2C_BURST_LIMITATION
983			Define the burst count bytes upper limit
984
985		CONFIG_TPM_ST33ZP24
986		Support for STMicroelectronics TPM devices. Requires DM_TPM support.
987
988			CONFIG_TPM_ST33ZP24_I2C
989			Support for STMicroelectronics ST33ZP24 I2C devices.
990			Requires TPM_ST33ZP24 and I2C.
991
992			CONFIG_TPM_ST33ZP24_SPI
993			Support for STMicroelectronics ST33ZP24 SPI devices.
994			Requires TPM_ST33ZP24 and SPI.
995
996		CONFIG_TPM_ATMEL_TWI
997		Support for Atmel TWI TPM device. Requires I2C support.
998
999		CONFIG_TPM_TIS_LPC
1000		Support for generic parallel port TPM devices. Only one device
1001		per system is supported at this time.
1002
1003			CONFIG_TPM_TIS_BASE_ADDRESS
1004			Base address where the generic TPM device is mapped
1005			to. Contemporary x86 systems usually map it at
1006			0xfed40000.
1007
1008		CONFIG_TPM
1009		Define this to enable the TPM support library which provides
1010		functional interfaces to some TPM commands.
1011		Requires support for a TPM device.
1012
1013		CONFIG_TPM_AUTH_SESSIONS
1014		Define this to enable authorized functions in the TPM library.
1015		Requires CONFIG_TPM and CONFIG_SHA1.
1016
1017- USB Support:
1018		At the moment only the UHCI host controller is
1019		supported (PIP405, MIP405); define
1020		CONFIG_USB_UHCI to enable it.
1021		define CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD to enable the USB Keyboard
1022		and define CONFIG_USB_STORAGE to enable the USB
1023		storage devices.
1024		Note:
1025		Supported are USB Keyboards and USB Floppy drives
1026		(TEAC FD-05PUB).
1027
1028		CONFIG_USB_EHCI_TXFIFO_THRESH enables setting of the
1029		txfilltuning field in the EHCI controller on reset.
1030
1031		CONFIG_USB_DWC2_REG_ADDR the physical CPU address of the DWC2
1032		HW module registers.
1033
1034- USB Device:
1035		Define the below if you wish to use the USB console.
1036		Once firmware is rebuilt from a serial console issue the
1037		command "setenv stdin usbtty; setenv stdout usbtty" and
1038		attach your USB cable. The Unix command "dmesg" should print
1039		it has found a new device. The environment variable usbtty
1040		can be set to gserial or cdc_acm to enable your device to
1041		appear to a USB host as a Linux gserial device or a
1042		Common Device Class Abstract Control Model serial device.
1043		If you select usbtty = gserial you should be able to enumerate
1044		a Linux host by
1045		# modprobe usbserial vendor=0xVendorID product=0xProductID
1046		else if using cdc_acm, simply setting the environment
1047		variable usbtty to be cdc_acm should suffice. The following
1048		might be defined in YourBoardName.h
1049
1050			CONFIG_USB_DEVICE
1051			Define this to build a UDC device
1052
1053			CONFIG_USB_TTY
1054			Define this to have a tty type of device available to
1055			talk to the UDC device
1056
1057			CONFIG_USBD_HS
1058			Define this to enable the high speed support for usb
1059			device and usbtty. If this feature is enabled, a routine
1060			int is_usbd_high_speed(void)
1061			also needs to be defined by the driver to dynamically poll
1062			whether the enumeration has succeded at high speed or full
1063			speed.
1064
1065			CONFIG_SYS_CONSOLE_IS_IN_ENV
1066			Define this if you want stdin, stdout &/or stderr to
1067			be set to usbtty.
1068
1069		If you have a USB-IF assigned VendorID then you may wish to
1070		define your own vendor specific values either in BoardName.h
1071		or directly in usbd_vendor_info.h. If you don't define
1072		CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER, CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME,
1073		CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID and CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID, then U-Boot
1074		should pretend to be a Linux device to it's target host.
1075
1076			CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER
1077			Define this string as the name of your company for
1078			- CONFIG_USBD_MANUFACTURER "my company"
1079
1080			CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME
1081			Define this string as the name of your product
1082			- CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCT_NAME "acme usb device"
1083
1084			CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID
1085			Define this as your assigned Vendor ID from the USB
1086			Implementors Forum. This *must* be a genuine Vendor ID
1087			to avoid polluting the USB namespace.
1088			- CONFIG_USBD_VENDORID 0xFFFF
1089
1090			CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID
1091			Define this as the unique Product ID
1092			for your device
1093			- CONFIG_USBD_PRODUCTID 0xFFFF
1094
1095- ULPI Layer Support:
1096		The ULPI (UTMI Low Pin (count) Interface) PHYs are supported via
1097		the generic ULPI layer. The generic layer accesses the ULPI PHY
1098		via the platform viewport, so you need both the genric layer and
1099		the viewport enabled. Currently only Chipidea/ARC based
1100		viewport is supported.
1101		To enable the ULPI layer support, define CONFIG_USB_ULPI and
1102		CONFIG_USB_ULPI_VIEWPORT in your board configuration file.
1103		If your ULPI phy needs a different reference clock than the
1104		standard 24 MHz then you have to define CONFIG_ULPI_REF_CLK to
1105		the appropriate value in Hz.
1106
1107- MMC Support:
1108		The MMC controller on the Intel PXA is supported. To
1109		enable this define CONFIG_MMC. The MMC can be
1110		accessed from the boot prompt by mapping the device
1111		to physical memory similar to flash. Command line is
1112		enabled with CONFIG_CMD_MMC. The MMC driver also works with
1113		the FAT fs. This is enabled with CONFIG_CMD_FAT.
1114
1115		CONFIG_SH_MMCIF
1116		Support for Renesas on-chip MMCIF controller
1117
1118			CONFIG_SH_MMCIF_ADDR
1119			Define the base address of MMCIF registers
1120
1121			CONFIG_SH_MMCIF_CLK
1122			Define the clock frequency for MMCIF
1123
1124		CONFIG_SUPPORT_EMMC_BOOT
1125		Enable some additional features of the eMMC boot partitions.
1126
1127- USB Device Firmware Update (DFU) class support:
1128		CONFIG_DFU_OVER_USB
1129		This enables the USB portion of the DFU USB class
1130
1131		CONFIG_DFU_NAND
1132		This enables support for exposing NAND devices via DFU.
1133
1134		CONFIG_DFU_RAM
1135		This enables support for exposing RAM via DFU.
1136		Note: DFU spec refer to non-volatile memory usage, but
1137		allow usages beyond the scope of spec - here RAM usage,
1138		one that would help mostly the developer.
1139
1140		CONFIG_SYS_DFU_DATA_BUF_SIZE
1141		Dfu transfer uses a buffer before writing data to the
1142		raw storage device. Make the size (in bytes) of this buffer
1143		configurable. The size of this buffer is also configurable
1144		through the "dfu_bufsiz" environment variable.
1145
1146		CONFIG_SYS_DFU_MAX_FILE_SIZE
1147		When updating files rather than the raw storage device,
1148		we use a static buffer to copy the file into and then write
1149		the buffer once we've been given the whole file.  Define
1150		this to the maximum filesize (in bytes) for the buffer.
1151		Default is 4 MiB if undefined.
1152
1153		DFU_DEFAULT_POLL_TIMEOUT
1154		Poll timeout [ms], is the timeout a device can send to the
1155		host. The host must wait for this timeout before sending
1156		a subsequent DFU_GET_STATUS request to the device.
1157
1158		DFU_MANIFEST_POLL_TIMEOUT
1159		Poll timeout [ms], which the device sends to the host when
1160		entering dfuMANIFEST state. Host waits this timeout, before
1161		sending again an USB request to the device.
1162
1163- Journaling Flash filesystem support:
1164		CONFIG_JFFS2_NAND
1165		Define these for a default partition on a NAND device
1166
1167		CONFIG_SYS_JFFS2_FIRST_SECTOR,
1168		CONFIG_SYS_JFFS2_FIRST_BANK, CONFIG_SYS_JFFS2_NUM_BANKS
1169		Define these for a default partition on a NOR device
1170
1171- Keyboard Support:
1172		See Kconfig help for available keyboard drivers.
1173
1174		CONFIG_KEYBOARD
1175
1176		Define this to enable a custom keyboard support.
1177		This simply calls drv_keyboard_init() which must be
1178		defined in your board-specific files. This option is deprecated
1179		and is only used by novena. For new boards, use driver model
1180		instead.
1181
1182- Video support:
1183		CONFIG_FSL_DIU_FB
1184		Enable the Freescale DIU video driver.	Reference boards for
1185		SOCs that have a DIU should define this macro to enable DIU
1186		support, and should also define these other macros:
1187
1188			CONFIG_SYS_DIU_ADDR
1189			CONFIG_VIDEO
1190			CONFIG_CFB_CONSOLE
1191			CONFIG_VIDEO_SW_CURSOR
1192			CONFIG_VGA_AS_SINGLE_DEVICE
1193			CONFIG_VIDEO_LOGO
1194			CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_LOGO
1195
1196		The DIU driver will look for the 'video-mode' environment
1197		variable, and if defined, enable the DIU as a console during
1198		boot.  See the documentation file doc/README.video for a
1199		description of this variable.
1200
1201- LCD Support:	CONFIG_LCD
1202
1203		Define this to enable LCD support (for output to LCD
1204		display); also select one of the supported displays
1205		by defining one of these:
1206
1207		CONFIG_ATMEL_LCD:
1208
1209			HITACHI TX09D70VM1CCA, 3.5", 240x320.
1210
1211		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448AC33:
1212
1213			NEC NL6448AC33-18. Active, color, single scan.
1214
1215		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448BC20
1216
1217			NEC NL6448BC20-08. 6.5", 640x480.
1218			Active, color, single scan.
1219
1220		CONFIG_NEC_NL6448BC33_54
1221
1222			NEC NL6448BC33-54. 10.4", 640x480.
1223			Active, color, single scan.
1224
1225		CONFIG_SHARP_16x9
1226
1227			Sharp 320x240. Active, color, single scan.
1228			It isn't 16x9, and I am not sure what it is.
1229
1230		CONFIG_SHARP_LQ64D341
1231
1232			Sharp LQ64D341 display, 640x480.
1233			Active, color, single scan.
1234
1235		CONFIG_HLD1045
1236
1237			HLD1045 display, 640x480.
1238			Active, color, single scan.
1239
1240		CONFIG_OPTREX_BW
1241
1242			Optrex	 CBL50840-2 NF-FW 99 22 M5
1243			or
1244			Hitachi	 LMG6912RPFC-00T
1245			or
1246			Hitachi	 SP14Q002
1247
1248			320x240. Black & white.
1249
1250		CONFIG_LCD_ALIGNMENT
1251
1252		Normally the LCD is page-aligned (typically 4KB). If this is
1253		defined then the LCD will be aligned to this value instead.
1254		For ARM it is sometimes useful to use MMU_SECTION_SIZE
1255		here, since it is cheaper to change data cache settings on
1256		a per-section basis.
1257
1258
1259		CONFIG_LCD_ROTATION
1260
1261		Sometimes, for example if the display is mounted in portrait
1262		mode or even if it's mounted landscape but rotated by 180degree,
1263		we need to rotate our content of the display relative to the
1264		framebuffer, so that user can read the messages which are
1265		printed out.
1266		Once CONFIG_LCD_ROTATION is defined, the lcd_console will be
1267		initialized with a given rotation from "vl_rot" out of
1268		"vidinfo_t" which is provided by the board specific code.
1269		The value for vl_rot is coded as following (matching to
1270		fbcon=rotate:<n> linux-kernel commandline):
1271		0 = no rotation respectively 0 degree
1272		1 = 90 degree rotation
1273		2 = 180 degree rotation
1274		3 = 270 degree rotation
1275
1276		If CONFIG_LCD_ROTATION is not defined, the console will be
1277		initialized with 0degree rotation.
1278
1279		CONFIG_LCD_BMP_RLE8
1280
1281		Support drawing of RLE8-compressed bitmaps on the LCD.
1282
1283		CONFIG_I2C_EDID
1284
1285		Enables an 'i2c edid' command which can read EDID
1286		information over I2C from an attached LCD display.
1287
1288- Splash Screen Support: CONFIG_SPLASH_SCREEN
1289
1290		If this option is set, the environment is checked for
1291		a variable "splashimage". If found, the usual display
1292		of logo, copyright and system information on the LCD
1293		is suppressed and the BMP image at the address
1294		specified in "splashimage" is loaded instead. The
1295		console is redirected to the "nulldev", too. This
1296		allows for a "silent" boot where a splash screen is
1297		loaded very quickly after power-on.
1298
1299		CONFIG_SPLASHIMAGE_GUARD
1300
1301		If this option is set, then U-Boot will prevent the environment
1302		variable "splashimage" from being set to a problematic address
1303		(see doc/README.displaying-bmps).
1304		This option is useful for targets where, due to alignment
1305		restrictions, an improperly aligned BMP image will cause a data
1306		abort. If you think you will not have problems with unaligned
1307		accesses (for example because your toolchain prevents them)
1308		there is no need to set this option.
1309
1310		CONFIG_SPLASH_SCREEN_ALIGN
1311
1312		If this option is set the splash image can be freely positioned
1313		on the screen. Environment variable "splashpos" specifies the
1314		position as "x,y". If a positive number is given it is used as
1315		number of pixel from left/top. If a negative number is given it
1316		is used as number of pixel from right/bottom. You can also
1317		specify 'm' for centering the image.
1318
1319		Example:
1320		setenv splashpos m,m
1321			=> image at center of screen
1322
1323		setenv splashpos 30,20
1324			=> image at x = 30 and y = 20
1325
1326		setenv splashpos -10,m
1327			=> vertically centered image
1328			   at x = dspWidth - bmpWidth - 9
1329
1330- Gzip compressed BMP image support: CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_GZIP
1331
1332		If this option is set, additionally to standard BMP
1333		images, gzipped BMP images can be displayed via the
1334		splashscreen support or the bmp command.
1335
1336- Run length encoded BMP image (RLE8) support: CONFIG_VIDEO_BMP_RLE8
1337
1338		If this option is set, 8-bit RLE compressed BMP images
1339		can be displayed via the splashscreen support or the
1340		bmp command.
1341
1342- Compression support:
1343		CONFIG_GZIP
1344
1345		Enabled by default to support gzip compressed images.
1346
1347		CONFIG_BZIP2
1348
1349		If this option is set, support for bzip2 compressed
1350		images is included. If not, only uncompressed and gzip
1351		compressed images are supported.
1352
1353		NOTE: the bzip2 algorithm requires a lot of RAM, so
1354		the malloc area (as defined by CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN) should
1355		be at least 4MB.
1356
1357- MII/PHY support:
1358		CONFIG_PHY_CLOCK_FREQ (ppc4xx)
1359
1360		The clock frequency of the MII bus
1361
1362		CONFIG_PHY_RESET_DELAY
1363
1364		Some PHY like Intel LXT971A need extra delay after
1365		reset before any MII register access is possible.
1366		For such PHY, set this option to the usec delay
1367		required. (minimum 300usec for LXT971A)
1368
1369		CONFIG_PHY_CMD_DELAY (ppc4xx)
1370
1371		Some PHY like Intel LXT971A need extra delay after
1372		command issued before MII status register can be read
1373
1374- IP address:
1375		CONFIG_IPADDR
1376
1377		Define a default value for the IP address to use for
1378		the default Ethernet interface, in case this is not
1379		determined through e.g. bootp.
1380		(Environment variable "ipaddr")
1381
1382- Server IP address:
1383		CONFIG_SERVERIP
1384
1385		Defines a default value for the IP address of a TFTP
1386		server to contact when using the "tftboot" command.
1387		(Environment variable "serverip")
1388
1389		CONFIG_KEEP_SERVERADDR
1390
1391		Keeps the server's MAC address, in the env 'serveraddr'
1392		for passing to bootargs (like Linux's netconsole option)
1393
1394- Gateway IP address:
1395		CONFIG_GATEWAYIP
1396
1397		Defines a default value for the IP address of the
1398		default router where packets to other networks are
1399		sent to.
1400		(Environment variable "gatewayip")
1401
1402- Subnet mask:
1403		CONFIG_NETMASK
1404
1405		Defines a default value for the subnet mask (or
1406		routing prefix) which is used to determine if an IP
1407		address belongs to the local subnet or needs to be
1408		forwarded through a router.
1409		(Environment variable "netmask")
1410
1411- BOOTP Recovery Mode:
1412		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY
1413
1414		If you have many targets in a network that try to
1415		boot using BOOTP, you may want to avoid that all
1416		systems send out BOOTP requests at precisely the same
1417		moment (which would happen for instance at recovery
1418		from a power failure, when all systems will try to
1419		boot, thus flooding the BOOTP server. Defining
1420		CONFIG_BOOTP_RANDOM_DELAY causes a random delay to be
1421		inserted before sending out BOOTP requests. The
1422		following delays are inserted then:
1423
1424		1st BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 1 sec
1425		2nd BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 2 sec
1426		3rd BOOTP request:	delay 0 ... 4 sec
1427		4th and following
1428		BOOTP requests:		delay 0 ... 8 sec
1429
1430		CONFIG_BOOTP_ID_CACHE_SIZE
1431
1432		BOOTP packets are uniquely identified using a 32-bit ID. The
1433		server will copy the ID from client requests to responses and
1434		U-Boot will use this to determine if it is the destination of
1435		an incoming response. Some servers will check that addresses
1436		aren't in use before handing them out (usually using an ARP
1437		ping) and therefore take up to a few hundred milliseconds to
1438		respond. Network congestion may also influence the time it
1439		takes for a response to make it back to the client. If that
1440		time is too long, U-Boot will retransmit requests. In order
1441		to allow earlier responses to still be accepted after these
1442		retransmissions, U-Boot's BOOTP client keeps a small cache of
1443		IDs. The CONFIG_BOOTP_ID_CACHE_SIZE controls the size of this
1444		cache. The default is to keep IDs for up to four outstanding
1445		requests. Increasing this will allow U-Boot to accept offers
1446		from a BOOTP client in networks with unusually high latency.
1447
1448- DHCP Advanced Options:
1449		You can fine tune the DHCP functionality by defining
1450		CONFIG_BOOTP_* symbols:
1451
1452		CONFIG_BOOTP_NISDOMAIN
1453		CONFIG_BOOTP_BOOTFILESIZE
1454		CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME
1455		CONFIG_BOOTP_NTPSERVER
1456		CONFIG_BOOTP_TIMEOFFSET
1457		CONFIG_BOOTP_VENDOREX
1458		CONFIG_BOOTP_MAY_FAIL
1459
1460		CONFIG_BOOTP_SERVERIP - TFTP server will be the serverip
1461		environment variable, not the BOOTP server.
1462
1463		CONFIG_BOOTP_MAY_FAIL - If the DHCP server is not found
1464		after the configured retry count, the call will fail
1465		instead of starting over.  This can be used to fail over
1466		to Link-local IP address configuration if the DHCP server
1467		is not available.
1468
1469		CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME - Some DHCP servers are capable
1470		to do a dynamic update of a DNS server. To do this, they
1471		need the hostname of the DHCP requester.
1472		If CONFIG_BOOTP_SEND_HOSTNAME is defined, the content
1473		of the "hostname" environment variable is passed as
1474		option 12 to the DHCP server.
1475
1476		CONFIG_BOOTP_DHCP_REQUEST_DELAY
1477
1478		A 32bit value in microseconds for a delay between
1479		receiving a "DHCP Offer" and sending the "DHCP Request".
1480		This fixes a problem with certain DHCP servers that don't
1481		respond 100% of the time to a "DHCP request". E.g. On an
1482		AT91RM9200 processor running at 180MHz, this delay needed
1483		to be *at least* 15,000 usec before a Windows Server 2003
1484		DHCP server would reply 100% of the time. I recommend at
1485		least 50,000 usec to be safe. The alternative is to hope
1486		that one of the retries will be successful but note that
1487		the DHCP timeout and retry process takes a longer than
1488		this delay.
1489
1490 - Link-local IP address negotiation:
1491		Negotiate with other link-local clients on the local network
1492		for an address that doesn't require explicit configuration.
1493		This is especially useful if a DHCP server cannot be guaranteed
1494		to exist in all environments that the device must operate.
1495
1496		See doc/README.link-local for more information.
1497
1498 - MAC address from environment variables
1499
1500		FDT_SEQ_MACADDR_FROM_ENV
1501
1502		Fix-up device tree with MAC addresses fetched sequentially from
1503		environment variables. This config work on assumption that
1504		non-usable ethernet node of device-tree are either not present
1505		or their status has been marked as "disabled".
1506
1507 - CDP Options:
1508		CONFIG_CDP_DEVICE_ID
1509
1510		The device id used in CDP trigger frames.
1511
1512		CONFIG_CDP_DEVICE_ID_PREFIX
1513
1514		A two character string which is prefixed to the MAC address
1515		of the device.
1516
1517		CONFIG_CDP_PORT_ID
1518
1519		A printf format string which contains the ascii name of
1520		the port. Normally is set to "eth%d" which sets
1521		eth0 for the first Ethernet, eth1 for the second etc.
1522
1523		CONFIG_CDP_CAPABILITIES
1524
1525		A 32bit integer which indicates the device capabilities;
1526		0x00000010 for a normal host which does not forwards.
1527
1528		CONFIG_CDP_VERSION
1529
1530		An ascii string containing the version of the software.
1531
1532		CONFIG_CDP_PLATFORM
1533
1534		An ascii string containing the name of the platform.
1535
1536		CONFIG_CDP_TRIGGER
1537
1538		A 32bit integer sent on the trigger.
1539
1540		CONFIG_CDP_POWER_CONSUMPTION
1541
1542		A 16bit integer containing the power consumption of the
1543		device in .1 of milliwatts.
1544
1545		CONFIG_CDP_APPLIANCE_VLAN_TYPE
1546
1547		A byte containing the id of the VLAN.
1548
1549- Status LED:	CONFIG_LED_STATUS
1550
1551		Several configurations allow to display the current
1552		status using a LED. For instance, the LED will blink
1553		fast while running U-Boot code, stop blinking as
1554		soon as a reply to a BOOTP request was received, and
1555		start blinking slow once the Linux kernel is running
1556		(supported by a status LED driver in the Linux
1557		kernel). Defining CONFIG_LED_STATUS enables this
1558		feature in U-Boot.
1559
1560		Additional options:
1561
1562		CONFIG_LED_STATUS_GPIO
1563		The status LED can be connected to a GPIO pin.
1564		In such cases, the gpio_led driver can be used as a
1565		status LED backend implementation. Define CONFIG_LED_STATUS_GPIO
1566		to include the gpio_led driver in the U-Boot binary.
1567
1568		CONFIG_GPIO_LED_INVERTED_TABLE
1569		Some GPIO connected LEDs may have inverted polarity in which
1570		case the GPIO high value corresponds to LED off state and
1571		GPIO low value corresponds to LED on state.
1572		In such cases CONFIG_GPIO_LED_INVERTED_TABLE may be defined
1573		with a list of GPIO LEDs that have inverted polarity.
1574
1575- I2C Support:	CONFIG_SYS_I2C
1576
1577		This enable the NEW i2c subsystem, and will allow you to use
1578		i2c commands at the u-boot command line (as long as you set
1579		CONFIG_CMD_I2C in CONFIG_COMMANDS) and communicate with i2c
1580		based realtime clock chips or other i2c devices. See
1581		common/cmd_i2c.c for a description of the command line
1582		interface.
1583
1584		ported i2c driver to the new framework:
1585		- drivers/i2c/soft_i2c.c:
1586		  - activate first bus with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT define
1587		    CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SPEED and CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SLAVE
1588		    for defining speed and slave address
1589		  - activate second bus with I2C_SOFT_DECLARATIONS2 define
1590		    CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SPEED_2 and CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SLAVE_2
1591		    for defining speed and slave address
1592		  - activate third bus with I2C_SOFT_DECLARATIONS3 define
1593		    CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SPEED_3 and CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SLAVE_3
1594		    for defining speed and slave address
1595		  - activate fourth bus with I2C_SOFT_DECLARATIONS4 define
1596		    CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SPEED_4 and CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT_SLAVE_4
1597		    for defining speed and slave address
1598
1599		- drivers/i2c/fsl_i2c.c:
1600		  - activate i2c driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_FSL
1601		    define CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C_OFFSET for setting the register
1602		    offset CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C_SPEED for the i2c speed and
1603		    CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C_SLAVE for the slave addr of the first
1604		    bus.
1605		  - If your board supports a second fsl i2c bus, define
1606		    CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C2_OFFSET for the register offset
1607		    CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C2_SPEED for the speed and
1608		    CONFIG_SYS_FSL_I2C2_SLAVE for the slave address of the
1609		    second bus.
1610
1611		- drivers/i2c/tegra_i2c.c:
1612		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_TEGRA
1613		  - This driver adds 4 i2c buses with a fix speed from
1614		    100000 and the slave addr 0!
1615
1616		- drivers/i2c/ppc4xx_i2c.c
1617		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_PPC4XX
1618		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_PPC4XX_CH0 activate hardware channel 0
1619		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_PPC4XX_CH1 activate hardware channel 1
1620
1621		- drivers/i2c/i2c_mxc.c
1622		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC
1623		  - enable bus 1 with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC_I2C1
1624		  - enable bus 2 with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC_I2C2
1625		  - enable bus 3 with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC_I2C3
1626		  - enable bus 4 with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MXC_I2C4
1627		  - define speed for bus 1 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C1_SPEED
1628		  - define slave for bus 1 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C1_SLAVE
1629		  - define speed for bus 2 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C2_SPEED
1630		  - define slave for bus 2 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C2_SLAVE
1631		  - define speed for bus 3 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C3_SPEED
1632		  - define slave for bus 3 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C3_SLAVE
1633		  - define speed for bus 4 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C4_SPEED
1634		  - define slave for bus 4 with CONFIG_SYS_MXC_I2C4_SLAVE
1635		If those defines are not set, default value is 100000
1636		for speed, and 0 for slave.
1637
1638		- drivers/i2c/rcar_i2c.c:
1639		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_RCAR
1640		  - This driver adds 4 i2c buses
1641
1642		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C0_BASE for setting the register channel 0
1643		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C0_SPEED for for the speed channel 0
1644		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C1_BASE for setting the register channel 1
1645		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C1_SPEED for for the speed channel 1
1646		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C2_BASE for setting the register channel 2
1647		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C2_SPEED for for the speed channel 2
1648		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C3_BASE for setting the register channel 3
1649		  - CONFIG_SYS_RCAR_I2C3_SPEED for for the speed channel 3
1650		  - CONFIF_SYS_RCAR_I2C_NUM_CONTROLLERS for number of i2c buses
1651
1652		- drivers/i2c/sh_i2c.c:
1653		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH
1654		  - This driver adds from 2 to 5 i2c buses
1655
1656		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE0 for setting the register channel 0
1657		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED0 for for the speed channel 0
1658		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE1 for setting the register channel 1
1659		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED1 for for the speed channel 1
1660		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE2 for setting the register channel 2
1661		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED2 for for the speed channel 2
1662		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE3 for setting the register channel 3
1663		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED3 for for the speed channel 3
1664		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_BASE4 for setting the register channel 4
1665		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_SPEED4 for for the speed channel 4
1666		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SH_NUM_CONTROLLERS for number of i2c buses
1667
1668		- drivers/i2c/omap24xx_i2c.c
1669		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_OMAP24XX
1670		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED speed channel 0
1671		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE slave addr channel 0
1672		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED1 speed channel 1
1673		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE1 slave addr channel 1
1674		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED2 speed channel 2
1675		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE2 slave addr channel 2
1676		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED3 speed channel 3
1677		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE3 slave addr channel 3
1678		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SPEED4 speed channel 4
1679		  - CONFIG_SYS_OMAP24_I2C_SLAVE4 slave addr channel 4
1680
1681		- drivers/i2c/s3c24x0_i2c.c:
1682		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_S3C24X0
1683		  - This driver adds i2c buses (11 for Exynos5250, Exynos5420
1684		    9 i2c buses for Exynos4 and 1 for S3C24X0 SoCs from Samsung)
1685		    with a fix speed from 100000 and the slave addr 0!
1686
1687		- drivers/i2c/ihs_i2c.c
1688		  - activate this driver with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS
1689		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_CH0 activate hardware channel 0
1690		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_0 speed channel 0
1691		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_0 slave addr channel 0
1692		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_CH1 activate hardware channel 1
1693		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_1 speed channel 1
1694		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_1 slave addr channel 1
1695		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_CH2 activate hardware channel 2
1696		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_2 speed channel 2
1697		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_2 slave addr channel 2
1698		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_CH3 activate hardware channel 3
1699		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_3 speed channel 3
1700		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_3 slave addr channel 3
1701		  - activate dual channel with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_DUAL
1702		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_0_1 speed channel 0_1
1703		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_0_1 slave addr channel 0_1
1704		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_1_1 speed channel 1_1
1705		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_1_1 slave addr channel 1_1
1706		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_2_1 speed channel 2_1
1707		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_2_1 slave addr channel 2_1
1708		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SPEED_3_1 speed channel 3_1
1709		  - CONFIG_SYS_I2C_IHS_SLAVE_3_1 slave addr channel 3_1
1710
1711		additional defines:
1712
1713		CONFIG_SYS_NUM_I2C_BUSES
1714		Hold the number of i2c buses you want to use.
1715
1716		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_DIRECT_BUS
1717		define this, if you don't use i2c muxes on your hardware.
1718		if CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MAX_HOPS is not defined or == 0 you can
1719		omit this define.
1720
1721		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MAX_HOPS
1722		define how many muxes are maximal consecutively connected
1723		on one i2c bus. If you not use i2c muxes, omit this
1724		define.
1725
1726		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_BUSES
1727		hold a list of buses you want to use, only used if
1728		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_DIRECT_BUS is not defined, for example
1729		a board with CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MAX_HOPS = 1 and
1730		CONFIG_SYS_NUM_I2C_BUSES = 9:
1731
1732		 CONFIG_SYS_I2C_BUSES	{{0, {I2C_NULL_HOP}}, \
1733					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 1}}}, \
1734					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 2}}}, \
1735					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 3}}}, \
1736					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 4}}}, \
1737					{0, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9547, 0x70, 5}}}, \
1738					{1, {I2C_NULL_HOP}}, \
1739					{1, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9544, 0x72, 1}}}, \
1740					{1, {{I2C_MUX_PCA9544, 0x72, 2}}}, \
1741					}
1742
1743		which defines
1744			bus 0 on adapter 0 without a mux
1745			bus 1 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 1
1746			bus 2 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 2
1747			bus 3 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 3
1748			bus 4 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 4
1749			bus 5 on adapter 0 with a PCA9547 on address 0x70 port 5
1750			bus 6 on adapter 1 without a mux
1751			bus 7 on adapter 1 with a PCA9544 on address 0x72 port 1
1752			bus 8 on adapter 1 with a PCA9544 on address 0x72 port 2
1753
1754		If you do not have i2c muxes on your board, omit this define.
1755
1756- Legacy I2C Support:
1757		If you use the software i2c interface (CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SOFT)
1758		then the following macros need to be defined (examples are
1759		from include/configs/lwmon.h):
1760
1761		I2C_INIT
1762
1763		(Optional). Any commands necessary to enable the I2C
1764		controller or configure ports.
1765
1766		eg: #define I2C_INIT (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir |=	PB_SCL)
1767
1768		I2C_ACTIVE
1769
1770		The code necessary to make the I2C data line active
1771		(driven).  If the data line is open collector, this
1772		define can be null.
1773
1774		eg: #define I2C_ACTIVE (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir |=  PB_SDA)
1775
1776		I2C_TRISTATE
1777
1778		The code necessary to make the I2C data line tri-stated
1779		(inactive).  If the data line is open collector, this
1780		define can be null.
1781
1782		eg: #define I2C_TRISTATE (immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdir &= ~PB_SDA)
1783
1784		I2C_READ
1785
1786		Code that returns true if the I2C data line is high,
1787		false if it is low.
1788
1789		eg: #define I2C_READ ((immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat & PB_SDA) != 0)
1790
1791		I2C_SDA(bit)
1792
1793		If <bit> is true, sets the I2C data line high. If it
1794		is false, it clears it (low).
1795
1796		eg: #define I2C_SDA(bit) \
1797			if(bit) immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat |=  PB_SDA; \
1798			else	immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat &= ~PB_SDA
1799
1800		I2C_SCL(bit)
1801
1802		If <bit> is true, sets the I2C clock line high. If it
1803		is false, it clears it (low).
1804
1805		eg: #define I2C_SCL(bit) \
1806			if(bit) immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat |=  PB_SCL; \
1807			else	immr->im_cpm.cp_pbdat &= ~PB_SCL
1808
1809		I2C_DELAY
1810
1811		This delay is invoked four times per clock cycle so this
1812		controls the rate of data transfer.  The data rate thus
1813		is 1 / (I2C_DELAY * 4). Often defined to be something
1814		like:
1815
1816		#define I2C_DELAY  udelay(2)
1817
1818		CONFIG_SOFT_I2C_GPIO_SCL / CONFIG_SOFT_I2C_GPIO_SDA
1819
1820		If your arch supports the generic GPIO framework (asm/gpio.h),
1821		then you may alternatively define the two GPIOs that are to be
1822		used as SCL / SDA.  Any of the previous I2C_xxx macros will
1823		have GPIO-based defaults assigned to them as appropriate.
1824
1825		You should define these to the GPIO value as given directly to
1826		the generic GPIO functions.
1827
1828		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_INIT_BOARD
1829
1830		When a board is reset during an i2c bus transfer
1831		chips might think that the current transfer is still
1832		in progress. On some boards it is possible to access
1833		the i2c SCLK line directly, either by using the
1834		processor pin as a GPIO or by having a second pin
1835		connected to the bus. If this option is defined a
1836		custom i2c_init_board() routine in boards/xxx/board.c
1837		is run early in the boot sequence.
1838
1839		CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1840
1841		This option allows the use of multiple I2C buses, each of which
1842		must have a controller.	 At any point in time, only one bus is
1843		active.	 To switch to a different bus, use the 'i2c dev' command.
1844		Note that bus numbering is zero-based.
1845
1846		CONFIG_SYS_I2C_NOPROBES
1847
1848		This option specifies a list of I2C devices that will be skipped
1849		when the 'i2c probe' command is issued.	 If CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1850		is set, specify a list of bus-device pairs.  Otherwise, specify
1851		a 1D array of device addresses
1852
1853		e.g.
1854			#undef	CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1855			#define CONFIG_SYS_I2C_NOPROBES {0x50,0x68}
1856
1857		will skip addresses 0x50 and 0x68 on a board with one I2C bus
1858
1859			#define CONFIG_I2C_MULTI_BUS
1860			#define CONFIG_SYS_I2C_NOPROBES	{{0,0x50},{0,0x68},{1,0x54}}
1861
1862		will skip addresses 0x50 and 0x68 on bus 0 and address 0x54 on bus 1
1863
1864		CONFIG_SYS_SPD_BUS_NUM
1865
1866		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for DDR SPD.
1867		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that SPD is on I2C bus 0.
1868
1869		CONFIG_SYS_RTC_BUS_NUM
1870
1871		If defined, then this indicates the I2C bus number for the RTC.
1872		If not defined, then U-Boot assumes that RTC is on I2C bus 0.
1873
1874		CONFIG_SOFT_I2C_READ_REPEATED_START
1875
1876		defining this will force the i2c_read() function in
1877		the soft_i2c driver to perform an I2C repeated start
1878		between writing the address pointer and reading the
1879		data.  If this define is omitted the default behaviour
1880		of doing a stop-start sequence will be used.  Most I2C
1881		devices can use either method, but some require one or
1882		the other.
1883
1884- SPI Support:	CONFIG_SPI
1885
1886		Enables SPI driver (so far only tested with
1887		SPI EEPROM, also an instance works with Crystal A/D and
1888		D/As on the SACSng board)
1889
1890		CONFIG_SOFT_SPI
1891
1892		Enables a software (bit-bang) SPI driver rather than
1893		using hardware support. This is a general purpose
1894		driver that only requires three general I/O port pins
1895		(two outputs, one input) to function. If this is
1896		defined, the board configuration must define several
1897		SPI configuration items (port pins to use, etc). For
1898		an example, see include/configs/sacsng.h.
1899
1900		CONFIG_SYS_SPI_MXC_WAIT
1901		Timeout for waiting until spi transfer completed.
1902		default: (CONFIG_SYS_HZ/100)     /* 10 ms */
1903
1904- FPGA Support: CONFIG_FPGA
1905
1906		Enables FPGA subsystem.
1907
1908		CONFIG_FPGA_<vendor>
1909
1910		Enables support for specific chip vendors.
1911		(ALTERA, XILINX)
1912
1913		CONFIG_FPGA_<family>
1914
1915		Enables support for FPGA family.
1916		(SPARTAN2, SPARTAN3, VIRTEX2, CYCLONE2, ACEX1K, ACEX)
1917
1918		CONFIG_FPGA_COUNT
1919
1920		Specify the number of FPGA devices to support.
1921
1922		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_PROG_FEEDBACK
1923
1924		Enable printing of hash marks during FPGA configuration.
1925
1926		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_CHECK_BUSY
1927
1928		Enable checks on FPGA configuration interface busy
1929		status by the configuration function. This option
1930		will require a board or device specific function to
1931		be written.
1932
1933		CONFIG_FPGA_DELAY
1934
1935		If defined, a function that provides delays in the FPGA
1936		configuration driver.
1937
1938		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_CHECK_CTRLC
1939		Allow Control-C to interrupt FPGA configuration
1940
1941		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_CHECK_ERROR
1942
1943		Check for configuration errors during FPGA bitfile
1944		loading. For example, abort during Virtex II
1945		configuration if the INIT_B line goes low (which
1946		indicated a CRC error).
1947
1948		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_WAIT_INIT
1949
1950		Maximum time to wait for the INIT_B line to de-assert
1951		after PROB_B has been de-asserted during a Virtex II
1952		FPGA configuration sequence. The default time is 500
1953		ms.
1954
1955		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_WAIT_BUSY
1956
1957		Maximum time to wait for BUSY to de-assert during
1958		Virtex II FPGA configuration. The default is 5 ms.
1959
1960		CONFIG_SYS_FPGA_WAIT_CONFIG
1961
1962		Time to wait after FPGA configuration. The default is
1963		200 ms.
1964
1965- Configuration Management:
1966
1967		CONFIG_IDENT_STRING
1968
1969		If defined, this string will be added to the U-Boot
1970		version information (U_BOOT_VERSION)
1971
1972- Vendor Parameter Protection:
1973
1974		U-Boot considers the values of the environment
1975		variables "serial#" (Board Serial Number) and
1976		"ethaddr" (Ethernet Address) to be parameters that
1977		are set once by the board vendor / manufacturer, and
1978		protects these variables from casual modification by
1979		the user. Once set, these variables are read-only,
1980		and write or delete attempts are rejected. You can
1981		change this behaviour:
1982
1983		If CONFIG_ENV_OVERWRITE is #defined in your config
1984		file, the write protection for vendor parameters is
1985		completely disabled. Anybody can change or delete
1986		these parameters.
1987
1988		Alternatively, if you define _both_ an ethaddr in the
1989		default env _and_ CONFIG_OVERWRITE_ETHADDR_ONCE, a default
1990		Ethernet address is installed in the environment,
1991		which can be changed exactly ONCE by the user. [The
1992		serial# is unaffected by this, i. e. it remains
1993		read-only.]
1994
1995		The same can be accomplished in a more flexible way
1996		for any variable by configuring the type of access
1997		to allow for those variables in the ".flags" variable
1998		or define CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_STATIC.
1999
2000- Protected RAM:
2001		CONFIG_PRAM
2002
2003		Define this variable to enable the reservation of
2004		"protected RAM", i. e. RAM which is not overwritten
2005		by U-Boot. Define CONFIG_PRAM to hold the number of
2006		kB you want to reserve for pRAM. You can overwrite
2007		this default value by defining an environment
2008		variable "pram" to the number of kB you want to
2009		reserve. Note that the board info structure will
2010		still show the full amount of RAM. If pRAM is
2011		reserved, a new environment variable "mem" will
2012		automatically be defined to hold the amount of
2013		remaining RAM in a form that can be passed as boot
2014		argument to Linux, for instance like that:
2015
2016			setenv bootargs ... mem=\${mem}
2017			saveenv
2018
2019		This way you can tell Linux not to use this memory,
2020		either, which results in a memory region that will
2021		not be affected by reboots.
2022
2023		*WARNING* If your board configuration uses automatic
2024		detection of the RAM size, you must make sure that
2025		this memory test is non-destructive. So far, the
2026		following board configurations are known to be
2027		"pRAM-clean":
2028
2029			IVMS8, IVML24, SPD8xx,
2030			HERMES, IP860, RPXlite, LWMON,
2031			FLAGADM
2032
2033- Access to physical memory region (> 4GB)
2034		Some basic support is provided for operations on memory not
2035		normally accessible to U-Boot - e.g. some architectures
2036		support access to more than 4GB of memory on 32-bit
2037		machines using physical address extension or similar.
2038		Define CONFIG_PHYSMEM to access this basic support, which
2039		currently only supports clearing the memory.
2040
2041- Error Recovery:
2042		CONFIG_NET_RETRY_COUNT
2043
2044		This variable defines the number of retries for
2045		network operations like ARP, RARP, TFTP, or BOOTP
2046		before giving up the operation. If not defined, a
2047		default value of 5 is used.
2048
2049		CONFIG_ARP_TIMEOUT
2050
2051		Timeout waiting for an ARP reply in milliseconds.
2052
2053		CONFIG_NFS_TIMEOUT
2054
2055		Timeout in milliseconds used in NFS protocol.
2056		If you encounter "ERROR: Cannot umount" in nfs command,
2057		try longer timeout such as
2058		#define CONFIG_NFS_TIMEOUT 10000UL
2059
2060- Command Interpreter:
2061		CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT_HUSH_PS2
2062
2063		This defines the secondary prompt string, which is
2064		printed when the command interpreter needs more input
2065		to complete a command. Usually "> ".
2066
2067	Note:
2068
2069		In the current implementation, the local variables
2070		space and global environment variables space are
2071		separated. Local variables are those you define by
2072		simply typing `name=value'. To access a local
2073		variable later on, you have write `$name' or
2074		`${name}'; to execute the contents of a variable
2075		directly type `$name' at the command prompt.
2076
2077		Global environment variables are those you use
2078		setenv/printenv to work with. To run a command stored
2079		in such a variable, you need to use the run command,
2080		and you must not use the '$' sign to access them.
2081
2082		To store commands and special characters in a
2083		variable, please use double quotation marks
2084		surrounding the whole text of the variable, instead
2085		of the backslashes before semicolons and special
2086		symbols.
2087
2088- Command Line Editing and History:
2089		CONFIG_CMDLINE_PS_SUPPORT
2090
2091		Enable support for changing the command prompt string
2092		at run-time. Only static string is supported so far.
2093		The string is obtained from environment variables PS1
2094		and PS2.
2095
2096- Default Environment:
2097		CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS
2098
2099		Define this to contain any number of null terminated
2100		strings (variable = value pairs) that will be part of
2101		the default environment compiled into the boot image.
2102
2103		For example, place something like this in your
2104		board's config file:
2105
2106		#define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS \
2107			"myvar1=value1\0" \
2108			"myvar2=value2\0"
2109
2110		Warning: This method is based on knowledge about the
2111		internal format how the environment is stored by the
2112		U-Boot code. This is NOT an official, exported
2113		interface! Although it is unlikely that this format
2114		will change soon, there is no guarantee either.
2115		You better know what you are doing here.
2116
2117		Note: overly (ab)use of the default environment is
2118		discouraged. Make sure to check other ways to preset
2119		the environment like the "source" command or the
2120		boot command first.
2121
2122		CONFIG_DELAY_ENVIRONMENT
2123
2124		Normally the environment is loaded when the board is
2125		initialised so that it is available to U-Boot. This inhibits
2126		that so that the environment is not available until
2127		explicitly loaded later by U-Boot code. With CONFIG_OF_CONTROL
2128		this is instead controlled by the value of
2129		/config/load-environment.
2130
2131- TFTP Fixed UDP Port:
2132		CONFIG_TFTP_PORT
2133
2134		If this is defined, the environment variable tftpsrcp
2135		is used to supply the TFTP UDP source port value.
2136		If tftpsrcp isn't defined, the normal pseudo-random port
2137		number generator is used.
2138
2139		Also, the environment variable tftpdstp is used to supply
2140		the TFTP UDP destination port value.  If tftpdstp isn't
2141		defined, the normal port 69 is used.
2142
2143		The purpose for tftpsrcp is to allow a TFTP server to
2144		blindly start the TFTP transfer using the pre-configured
2145		target IP address and UDP port. This has the effect of
2146		"punching through" the (Windows XP) firewall, allowing
2147		the remainder of the TFTP transfer to proceed normally.
2148		A better solution is to properly configure the firewall,
2149		but sometimes that is not allowed.
2150
2151- Show boot progress:
2152		CONFIG_SHOW_BOOT_PROGRESS
2153
2154		Defining this option allows to add some board-
2155		specific code (calling a user-provided function
2156		"show_boot_progress(int)") that enables you to show
2157		the system's boot progress on some display (for
2158		example, some LED's) on your board. At the moment,
2159		the following checkpoints are implemented:
2160
2161
2162Legacy uImage format:
2163
2164  Arg	Where			When
2165    1	common/cmd_bootm.c	before attempting to boot an image
2166   -1	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has bad	 magic number
2167    2	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has correct magic number
2168   -2	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has bad	 checksum
2169    3	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image header has correct checksum
2170   -3	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image data   has bad	 checksum
2171    4	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image data   has correct checksum
2172   -4	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image is for unsupported architecture
2173    5	common/cmd_bootm.c	Architecture check OK
2174   -5	common/cmd_bootm.c	Wrong Image Type (not kernel, multi)
2175    6	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image Type check OK
2176   -6	common/cmd_bootm.c	gunzip uncompression error
2177   -7	common/cmd_bootm.c	Unimplemented compression type
2178    7	common/cmd_bootm.c	Uncompression OK
2179    8	common/cmd_bootm.c	No uncompress/copy overwrite error
2180   -9	common/cmd_bootm.c	Unsupported OS (not Linux, BSD, VxWorks, QNX)
2181
2182    9	common/image.c		Start initial ramdisk verification
2183  -10	common/image.c		Ramdisk header has bad	   magic number
2184  -11	common/image.c		Ramdisk header has bad	   checksum
2185   10	common/image.c		Ramdisk header is OK
2186  -12	common/image.c		Ramdisk data   has bad	   checksum
2187   11	common/image.c		Ramdisk data   has correct checksum
2188   12	common/image.c		Ramdisk verification complete, start loading
2189  -13	common/image.c		Wrong Image Type (not PPC Linux ramdisk)
2190   13	common/image.c		Start multifile image verification
2191   14	common/image.c		No initial ramdisk, no multifile, continue.
2192
2193   15	arch/<arch>/lib/bootm.c All preparation done, transferring control to OS
2194
2195  -30	arch/powerpc/lib/board.c	Fatal error, hang the system
2196  -31	post/post.c		POST test failed, detected by post_output_backlog()
2197  -32	post/post.c		POST test failed, detected by post_run_single()
2198
2199   34	common/cmd_doc.c	before loading a Image from a DOC device
2200  -35	common/cmd_doc.c	Bad usage of "doc" command
2201   35	common/cmd_doc.c	correct usage of "doc" command
2202  -36	common/cmd_doc.c	No boot device
2203   36	common/cmd_doc.c	correct boot device
2204  -37	common/cmd_doc.c	Unknown Chip ID on boot device
2205   37	common/cmd_doc.c	correct chip ID found, device available
2206  -38	common/cmd_doc.c	Read Error on boot device
2207   38	common/cmd_doc.c	reading Image header from DOC device OK
2208  -39	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has bad magic number
2209   39	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has correct magic number
2210  -40	common/cmd_doc.c	Error reading Image from DOC device
2211   40	common/cmd_doc.c	Image header has correct magic number
2212   41	common/cmd_ide.c	before loading a Image from a IDE device
2213  -42	common/cmd_ide.c	Bad usage of "ide" command
2214   42	common/cmd_ide.c	correct usage of "ide" command
2215  -43	common/cmd_ide.c	No boot device
2216   43	common/cmd_ide.c	boot device found
2217  -44	common/cmd_ide.c	Device not available
2218   44	common/cmd_ide.c	Device available
2219  -45	common/cmd_ide.c	wrong partition selected
2220   45	common/cmd_ide.c	partition selected
2221  -46	common/cmd_ide.c	Unknown partition table
2222   46	common/cmd_ide.c	valid partition table found
2223  -47	common/cmd_ide.c	Invalid partition type
2224   47	common/cmd_ide.c	correct partition type
2225  -48	common/cmd_ide.c	Error reading Image Header on boot device
2226   48	common/cmd_ide.c	reading Image Header from IDE device OK
2227  -49	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has bad magic number
2228   49	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has correct magic number
2229  -50	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has bad	 checksum
2230   50	common/cmd_ide.c	Image header has correct checksum
2231  -51	common/cmd_ide.c	Error reading Image from IDE device
2232   51	common/cmd_ide.c	reading Image from IDE device OK
2233   52	common/cmd_nand.c	before loading a Image from a NAND device
2234  -53	common/cmd_nand.c	Bad usage of "nand" command
2235   53	common/cmd_nand.c	correct usage of "nand" command
2236  -54	common/cmd_nand.c	No boot device
2237   54	common/cmd_nand.c	boot device found
2238  -55	common/cmd_nand.c	Unknown Chip ID on boot device
2239   55	common/cmd_nand.c	correct chip ID found, device available
2240  -56	common/cmd_nand.c	Error reading Image Header on boot device
2241   56	common/cmd_nand.c	reading Image Header from NAND device OK
2242  -57	common/cmd_nand.c	Image header has bad magic number
2243   57	common/cmd_nand.c	Image header has correct magic number
2244  -58	common/cmd_nand.c	Error reading Image from NAND device
2245   58	common/cmd_nand.c	reading Image from NAND device OK
2246
2247  -60	common/env_common.c	Environment has a bad CRC, using default
2248
2249   64	net/eth.c		starting with Ethernet configuration.
2250  -64	net/eth.c		no Ethernet found.
2251   65	net/eth.c		Ethernet found.
2252
2253  -80	common/cmd_net.c	usage wrong
2254   80	common/cmd_net.c	before calling net_loop()
2255  -81	common/cmd_net.c	some error in net_loop() occurred
2256   81	common/cmd_net.c	net_loop() back without error
2257  -82	common/cmd_net.c	size == 0 (File with size 0 loaded)
2258   82	common/cmd_net.c	trying automatic boot
2259   83	common/cmd_net.c	running "source" command
2260  -83	common/cmd_net.c	some error in automatic boot or "source" command
2261   84	common/cmd_net.c	end without errors
2262
2263FIT uImage format:
2264
2265  Arg	Where			When
2266  100	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel FIT Image has correct format
2267 -100	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel FIT Image has incorrect format
2268  101	common/cmd_bootm.c	No Kernel subimage unit name, using configuration
2269 -101	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get configuration for kernel subimage
2270  102	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel unit name specified
2271 -103	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage node offset
2272  103	common/cmd_bootm.c	Found configuration node
2273  104	common/cmd_bootm.c	Got kernel subimage node offset
2274 -104	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage hash verification failed
2275  105	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage hash verification OK
2276 -105	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage is for unsupported architecture
2277  106	common/cmd_bootm.c	Architecture check OK
2278 -106	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage has wrong type
2279  107	common/cmd_bootm.c	Kernel subimage type OK
2280 -107	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage data/size
2281  108	common/cmd_bootm.c	Got kernel subimage data/size
2282 -108	common/cmd_bootm.c	Wrong image type (not legacy, FIT)
2283 -109	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage type
2284 -110	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage comp
2285 -111	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage os
2286 -112	common/cmd_bootm.c	Can't get kernel subimage load address
2287 -113	common/cmd_bootm.c	Image uncompress/copy overwrite error
2288
2289  120	common/image.c		Start initial ramdisk verification
2290 -120	common/image.c		Ramdisk FIT image has incorrect format
2291  121	common/image.c		Ramdisk FIT image has correct format
2292  122	common/image.c		No ramdisk subimage unit name, using configuration
2293 -122	common/image.c		Can't get configuration for ramdisk subimage
2294  123	common/image.c		Ramdisk unit name specified
2295 -124	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk subimage node offset
2296  125	common/image.c		Got ramdisk subimage node offset
2297 -125	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage hash verification failed
2298  126	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage hash verification OK
2299 -126	common/image.c		Ramdisk subimage for unsupported architecture
2300  127	common/image.c		Architecture check OK
2301 -127	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk subimage data/size
2302  128	common/image.c		Got ramdisk subimage data/size
2303  129	common/image.c		Can't get ramdisk load address
2304 -129	common/image.c		Got ramdisk load address
2305
2306 -130	common/cmd_doc.c	Incorrect FIT image format
2307  131	common/cmd_doc.c	FIT image format OK
2308
2309 -140	common/cmd_ide.c	Incorrect FIT image format
2310  141	common/cmd_ide.c	FIT image format OK
2311
2312 -150	common/cmd_nand.c	Incorrect FIT image format
2313  151	common/cmd_nand.c	FIT image format OK
2314
2315- Standalone program support:
2316		CONFIG_STANDALONE_LOAD_ADDR
2317
2318		This option defines a board specific value for the
2319		address where standalone program gets loaded, thus
2320		overwriting the architecture dependent default
2321		settings.
2322
2323- Frame Buffer Address:
2324		CONFIG_FB_ADDR
2325
2326		Define CONFIG_FB_ADDR if you want to use specific
2327		address for frame buffer.  This is typically the case
2328		when using a graphics controller has separate video
2329		memory.  U-Boot will then place the frame buffer at
2330		the given address instead of dynamically reserving it
2331		in system RAM by calling lcd_setmem(), which grabs
2332		the memory for the frame buffer depending on the
2333		configured panel size.
2334
2335		Please see board_init_f function.
2336
2337- Automatic software updates via TFTP server
2338		CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP
2339		CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP_CNT_MAX
2340		CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP_MSEC_MAX
2341
2342		These options enable and control the auto-update feature;
2343		for a more detailed description refer to doc/README.update.
2344
2345- MTD Support (mtdparts command, UBI support)
2346		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_WL_THRESHOLD
2347		This parameter defines the maximum difference between the highest
2348		erase counter value and the lowest erase counter value of eraseblocks
2349		of UBI devices. When this threshold is exceeded, UBI starts performing
2350		wear leveling by means of moving data from eraseblock with low erase
2351		counter to eraseblocks with high erase counter.
2352
2353		The default value should be OK for SLC NAND flashes, NOR flashes and
2354		other flashes which have eraseblock life-cycle 100000 or more.
2355		However, in case of MLC NAND flashes which typically have eraseblock
2356		life-cycle less than 10000, the threshold should be lessened (e.g.,
2357		to 128 or 256, although it does not have to be power of 2).
2358
2359		default: 4096
2360
2361		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_BEB_LIMIT
2362		This option specifies the maximum bad physical eraseblocks UBI
2363		expects on the MTD device (per 1024 eraseblocks). If the
2364		underlying flash does not admit of bad eraseblocks (e.g. NOR
2365		flash), this value is ignored.
2366
2367		NAND datasheets often specify the minimum and maximum NVM
2368		(Number of Valid Blocks) for the flashes' endurance lifetime.
2369		The maximum expected bad eraseblocks per 1024 eraseblocks
2370		then can be calculated as "1024 * (1 - MinNVB / MaxNVB)",
2371		which gives 20 for most NANDs (MaxNVB is basically the total
2372		count of eraseblocks on the chip).
2373
2374		To put it differently, if this value is 20, UBI will try to
2375		reserve about 1.9% of physical eraseblocks for bad blocks
2376		handling. And that will be 1.9% of eraseblocks on the entire
2377		NAND chip, not just the MTD partition UBI attaches. This means
2378		that if you have, say, a NAND flash chip admits maximum 40 bad
2379		eraseblocks, and it is split on two MTD partitions of the same
2380		size, UBI will reserve 40 eraseblocks when attaching a
2381		partition.
2382
2383		default: 20
2384
2385		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
2386		Fastmap is a mechanism which allows attaching an UBI device
2387		in nearly constant time. Instead of scanning the whole MTD device it
2388		only has to locate a checkpoint (called fastmap) on the device.
2389		The on-flash fastmap contains all information needed to attach
2390		the device. Using fastmap makes only sense on large devices where
2391		attaching by scanning takes long. UBI will not automatically install
2392		a fastmap on old images, but you can set the UBI parameter
2393		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP_AUTOCONVERT to 1 if you want so. Please note
2394		that fastmap-enabled images are still usable with UBI implementations
2395		without	fastmap support. On typical flash devices the whole fastmap
2396		fits into one PEB. UBI will reserve PEBs to hold two fastmaps.
2397
2398		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP_AUTOCONVERT
2399		Set this parameter to enable fastmap automatically on images
2400		without a fastmap.
2401		default: 0
2402
2403		CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FM_DEBUG
2404		Enable UBI fastmap debug
2405		default: 0
2406
2407- SPL framework
2408		CONFIG_SPL
2409		Enable building of SPL globally.
2410
2411		CONFIG_SPL_LDSCRIPT
2412		LDSCRIPT for linking the SPL binary.
2413
2414		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_FOOTPRINT
2415		Maximum size in memory allocated to the SPL, BSS included.
2416		When defined, the linker checks that the actual memory
2417		used by SPL from _start to __bss_end does not exceed it.
2418		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_FOOTPRINT and CONFIG_SPL_BSS_MAX_SIZE
2419		must not be both defined at the same time.
2420
2421		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE
2422		Maximum size of the SPL image (text, data, rodata, and
2423		linker lists sections), BSS excluded.
2424		When defined, the linker checks that the actual size does
2425		not exceed it.
2426
2427		CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE
2428		TEXT_BASE for linking the SPL binary.
2429
2430		CONFIG_SPL_RELOC_TEXT_BASE
2431		Address to relocate to.  If unspecified, this is equal to
2432		CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE (i.e. no relocation is done).
2433
2434		CONFIG_SPL_BSS_START_ADDR
2435		Link address for the BSS within the SPL binary.
2436
2437		CONFIG_SPL_BSS_MAX_SIZE
2438		Maximum size in memory allocated to the SPL BSS.
2439		When defined, the linker checks that the actual memory used
2440		by SPL from __bss_start to __bss_end does not exceed it.
2441		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_FOOTPRINT and CONFIG_SPL_BSS_MAX_SIZE
2442		must not be both defined at the same time.
2443
2444		CONFIG_SPL_STACK
2445		Adress of the start of the stack SPL will use
2446
2447		CONFIG_SPL_PANIC_ON_RAW_IMAGE
2448		When defined, SPL will panic() if the image it has
2449		loaded does not have a signature.
2450		Defining this is useful when code which loads images
2451		in SPL cannot guarantee that absolutely all read errors
2452		will be caught.
2453		An example is the LPC32XX MLC NAND driver, which will
2454		consider that a completely unreadable NAND block is bad,
2455		and thus should be skipped silently.
2456
2457		CONFIG_SPL_RELOC_STACK
2458		Adress of the start of the stack SPL will use after
2459		relocation.  If unspecified, this is equal to
2460		CONFIG_SPL_STACK.
2461
2462		CONFIG_SYS_SPL_MALLOC_START
2463		Starting address of the malloc pool used in SPL.
2464		When this option is set the full malloc is used in SPL and
2465		it is set up by spl_init() and before that, the simple malloc()
2466		can be used if CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F is defined.
2467
2468		CONFIG_SYS_SPL_MALLOC_SIZE
2469		The size of the malloc pool used in SPL.
2470
2471		CONFIG_SPL_OS_BOOT
2472		Enable booting directly to an OS from SPL.
2473		See also: doc/README.falcon
2474
2475		CONFIG_SPL_DISPLAY_PRINT
2476		For ARM, enable an optional function to print more information
2477		about the running system.
2478
2479		CONFIG_SPL_INIT_MINIMAL
2480		Arch init code should be built for a very small image
2481
2482		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_U_BOOT_PARTITION
2483		Partition on the MMC to load U-Boot from when the MMC is being
2484		used in raw mode
2485
2486		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_KERNEL_SECTOR
2487		Sector to load kernel uImage from when MMC is being
2488		used in raw mode (for Falcon mode)
2489
2490		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_ARGS_SECTOR,
2491		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_ARGS_SECTORS
2492		Sector and number of sectors to load kernel argument
2493		parameters from when MMC is being used in raw mode
2494		(for falcon mode)
2495
2496		CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_FS_BOOT_PARTITION
2497		Partition on the MMC to load U-Boot from when the MMC is being
2498		used in fs mode
2499
2500		CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_PAYLOAD_NAME
2501		Filename to read to load U-Boot when reading from filesystem
2502
2503		CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_KERNEL_NAME
2504		Filename to read to load kernel uImage when reading
2505		from filesystem (for Falcon mode)
2506
2507		CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_ARGS_NAME
2508		Filename to read to load kernel argument parameters
2509		when reading from filesystem (for Falcon mode)
2510
2511		CONFIG_SPL_MPC83XX_WAIT_FOR_NAND
2512		Set this for NAND SPL on PPC mpc83xx targets, so that
2513		start.S waits for the rest of the SPL to load before
2514		continuing (the hardware starts execution after just
2515		loading the first page rather than the full 4K).
2516
2517		CONFIG_SPL_SKIP_RELOCATE
2518		Avoid SPL relocation
2519
2520		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_BASE
2521		Include nand_base.c in the SPL.  Requires
2522		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_DRIVERS.
2523
2524		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_DRIVERS
2525		SPL uses normal NAND drivers, not minimal drivers.
2526
2527		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_IDENT
2528		SPL uses the chip ID list to identify the NAND flash.
2529		Requires CONFIG_SPL_NAND_BASE.
2530
2531		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_ECC
2532		Include standard software ECC in the SPL
2533
2534		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SIMPLE
2535		Support for NAND boot using simple NAND drivers that
2536		expose the cmd_ctrl() interface.
2537
2538		CONFIG_SPL_UBI
2539		Support for a lightweight UBI (fastmap) scanner and
2540		loader
2541
2542		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_RAW_ONLY
2543		Support to boot only raw u-boot.bin images. Use this only
2544		if you need to save space.
2545
2546		CONFIG_SPL_COMMON_INIT_DDR
2547		Set for common ddr init with serial presence detect in
2548		SPL binary.
2549
2550		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_5_ADDR_CYCLE, CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_COUNT,
2551		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_PAGE_SIZE, CONFIG_SYS_NAND_OOBSIZE,
2552		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BLOCK_SIZE, CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BAD_BLOCK_POS,
2553		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCPOS, CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSIZE,
2554		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCBYTES
2555		Defines the size and behavior of the NAND that SPL uses
2556		to read U-Boot
2557
2558		CONFIG_SPL_NAND_BOOT
2559		Add support NAND boot
2560
2561		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_OFFS
2562		Location in NAND to read U-Boot from
2563
2564		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_DST
2565		Location in memory to load U-Boot to
2566
2567		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_SIZE
2568		Size of image to load
2569
2570		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_U_BOOT_START
2571		Entry point in loaded image to jump to
2572
2573		CONFIG_SYS_NAND_HW_ECC_OOBFIRST
2574		Define this if you need to first read the OOB and then the
2575		data. This is used, for example, on davinci platforms.
2576
2577		CONFIG_SPL_RAM_DEVICE
2578		Support for running image already present in ram, in SPL binary
2579
2580		CONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO
2581		Image offset to which the SPL should be padded before appending
2582		the SPL payload. By default, this is defined as
2583		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE, or 0 if CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE is undefined.
2584		CONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO must be either 0, meaning to append the SPL
2585		payload without any padding, or >= CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE.
2586
2587		CONFIG_SPL_TARGET
2588		Final target image containing SPL and payload.  Some SPLs
2589		use an arch-specific makefile fragment instead, for
2590		example if more than one image needs to be produced.
2591
2592		CONFIG_SPL_FIT_PRINT
2593		Printing information about a FIT image adds quite a bit of
2594		code to SPL. So this is normally disabled in SPL. Use this
2595		option to re-enable it. This will affect the output of the
2596		bootm command when booting a FIT image.
2597
2598- TPL framework
2599		CONFIG_TPL
2600		Enable building of TPL globally.
2601
2602		CONFIG_TPL_PAD_TO
2603		Image offset to which the TPL should be padded before appending
2604		the TPL payload. By default, this is defined as
2605		CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE, or 0 if CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE is undefined.
2606		CONFIG_SPL_PAD_TO must be either 0, meaning to append the SPL
2607		payload without any padding, or >= CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE.
2608
2609- Interrupt support (PPC):
2610
2611		There are common interrupt_init() and timer_interrupt()
2612		for all PPC archs. interrupt_init() calls interrupt_init_cpu()
2613		for CPU specific initialization. interrupt_init_cpu()
2614		should set decrementer_count to appropriate value. If
2615		CPU resets decrementer automatically after interrupt
2616		(ppc4xx) it should set decrementer_count to zero.
2617		timer_interrupt() calls timer_interrupt_cpu() for CPU
2618		specific handling. If board has watchdog / status_led
2619		/ other_activity_monitor it works automatically from
2620		general timer_interrupt().
2621
2622
2623Board initialization settings:
2624------------------------------
2625
2626During Initialization u-boot calls a number of board specific functions
2627to allow the preparation of board specific prerequisites, e.g. pin setup
2628before drivers are initialized. To enable these callbacks the
2629following configuration macros have to be defined. Currently this is
2630architecture specific, so please check arch/your_architecture/lib/board.c
2631typically in board_init_f() and board_init_r().
2632
2633- CONFIG_BOARD_EARLY_INIT_F: Call board_early_init_f()
2634- CONFIG_BOARD_EARLY_INIT_R: Call board_early_init_r()
2635- CONFIG_BOARD_LATE_INIT: Call board_late_init()
2636- CONFIG_BOARD_POSTCLK_INIT: Call board_postclk_init()
2637
2638Configuration Settings:
2639-----------------------
2640
2641- CONFIG_SYS_SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA: Defined automatically if compiled as 64-bit.
2642		Optionally it can be defined to support 64-bit memory commands.
2643
2644- CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP: Defined when you want long help messages included;
2645		undefine this when you're short of memory.
2646
2647- CONFIG_SYS_HELP_CMD_WIDTH: Defined when you want to override the default
2648		width of the commands listed in the 'help' command output.
2649
2650- CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT:	This is what U-Boot prints on the console to
2651		prompt for user input.
2652
2653- CONFIG_SYS_CBSIZE:	Buffer size for input from the Console
2654
2655- CONFIG_SYS_PBSIZE:	Buffer size for Console output
2656
2657- CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS:	max. Number of arguments accepted for monitor commands
2658
2659- CONFIG_SYS_BARGSIZE: Buffer size for Boot Arguments which are passed to
2660		the application (usually a Linux kernel) when it is
2661		booted
2662
2663- CONFIG_SYS_BAUDRATE_TABLE:
2664		List of legal baudrate settings for this board.
2665
2666- CONFIG_SYS_MEMTEST_START, CONFIG_SYS_MEMTEST_END:
2667		Begin and End addresses of the area used by the
2668		simple memory test.
2669
2670- CONFIG_SYS_MEMTEST_SCRATCH:
2671		Scratch address used by the alternate memory test
2672		You only need to set this if address zero isn't writeable
2673
2674- CONFIG_SYS_MEM_RESERVE_SECURE
2675		Only implemented for ARMv8 for now.
2676		If defined, the size of CONFIG_SYS_MEM_RESERVE_SECURE memory
2677		is substracted from total RAM and won't be reported to OS.
2678		This memory can be used as secure memory. A variable
2679		gd->arch.secure_ram is used to track the location. In systems
2680		the RAM base is not zero, or RAM is divided into banks,
2681		this variable needs to be recalcuated to get the address.
2682
2683- CONFIG_SYS_MEM_TOP_HIDE:
2684		If CONFIG_SYS_MEM_TOP_HIDE is defined in the board config header,
2685		this specified memory area will get subtracted from the top
2686		(end) of RAM and won't get "touched" at all by U-Boot. By
2687		fixing up gd->ram_size the Linux kernel should gets passed
2688		the now "corrected" memory size and won't touch it either.
2689		This should work for arch/ppc and arch/powerpc. Only Linux
2690		board ports in arch/powerpc with bootwrapper support that
2691		recalculate the memory size from the SDRAM controller setup
2692		will have to get fixed in Linux additionally.
2693
2694		This option can be used as a workaround for the 440EPx/GRx
2695		CHIP 11 errata where the last 256 bytes in SDRAM shouldn't
2696		be touched.
2697
2698		WARNING: Please make sure that this value is a multiple of
2699		the Linux page size (normally 4k). If this is not the case,
2700		then the end address of the Linux memory will be located at a
2701		non page size aligned address and this could cause major
2702		problems.
2703
2704- CONFIG_SYS_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE:
2705		Enable temporary baudrate change while serial download
2706
2707- CONFIG_SYS_SDRAM_BASE:
2708		Physical start address of SDRAM. _Must_ be 0 here.
2709
2710- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE:
2711		Physical start address of Flash memory.
2712
2713- CONFIG_SYS_MONITOR_BASE:
2714		Physical start address of boot monitor code (set by
2715		make config files to be same as the text base address
2716		(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE) used when linking) - same as
2717		CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE when booting from flash.
2718
2719- CONFIG_SYS_MONITOR_LEN:
2720		Size of memory reserved for monitor code, used to
2721		determine _at_compile_time_ (!) if the environment is
2722		embedded within the U-Boot image, or in a separate
2723		flash sector.
2724
2725- CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN:
2726		Size of DRAM reserved for malloc() use.
2727
2728- CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN
2729		Size of the malloc() pool for use before relocation. If
2730		this is defined, then a very simple malloc() implementation
2731		will become available before relocation. The address is just
2732		below the global data, and the stack is moved down to make
2733		space.
2734
2735		This feature allocates regions with increasing addresses
2736		within the region. calloc() is supported, but realloc()
2737		is not available. free() is supported but does nothing.
2738		The memory will be freed (or in fact just forgotten) when
2739		U-Boot relocates itself.
2740
2741- CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_SIMPLE
2742		Provides a simple and small malloc() and calloc() for those
2743		boards which do not use the full malloc in SPL (which is
2744		enabled with CONFIG_SYS_SPL_MALLOC_START).
2745
2746- CONFIG_SYS_NONCACHED_MEMORY:
2747		Size of non-cached memory area. This area of memory will be
2748		typically located right below the malloc() area and mapped
2749		uncached in the MMU. This is useful for drivers that would
2750		otherwise require a lot of explicit cache maintenance. For
2751		some drivers it's also impossible to properly maintain the
2752		cache. For example if the regions that need to be flushed
2753		are not a multiple of the cache-line size, *and* padding
2754		cannot be allocated between the regions to align them (i.e.
2755		if the HW requires a contiguous array of regions, and the
2756		size of each region is not cache-aligned), then a flush of
2757		one region may result in overwriting data that hardware has
2758		written to another region in the same cache-line. This can
2759		happen for example in network drivers where descriptors for
2760		buffers are typically smaller than the CPU cache-line (e.g.
2761		16 bytes vs. 32 or 64 bytes).
2762
2763		Non-cached memory is only supported on 32-bit ARM at present.
2764
2765- CONFIG_SYS_BOOTM_LEN:
2766		Normally compressed uImages are limited to an
2767		uncompressed size of 8 MBytes. If this is not enough,
2768		you can define CONFIG_SYS_BOOTM_LEN in your board config file
2769		to adjust this setting to your needs.
2770
2771- CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ:
2772		Maximum size of memory mapped by the startup code of
2773		the Linux kernel; all data that must be processed by
2774		the Linux kernel (bd_info, boot arguments, FDT blob if
2775		used) must be put below this limit, unless "bootm_low"
2776		environment variable is defined and non-zero. In such case
2777		all data for the Linux kernel must be between "bootm_low"
2778		and "bootm_low" + CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ.	 The environment
2779		variable "bootm_mapsize" will override the value of
2780		CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ.  If CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ is undefined,
2781		then the value in "bootm_size" will be used instead.
2782
2783- CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_RAMDISK_HIGH:
2784		Enable initrd_high functionality.  If defined then the
2785		initrd_high feature is enabled and the bootm ramdisk subcommand
2786		is enabled.
2787
2788- CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_GET_CMDLINE:
2789		Enables allocating and saving kernel cmdline in space between
2790		"bootm_low" and "bootm_low" + BOOTMAPSZ.
2791
2792- CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_GET_KBD:
2793		Enables allocating and saving a kernel copy of the bd_info in
2794		space between "bootm_low" and "bootm_low" + BOOTMAPSZ.
2795
2796- CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_BANKS:
2797		Max number of Flash memory banks
2798
2799- CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT:
2800		Max number of sectors on a Flash chip
2801
2802- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT:
2803		Timeout for Flash erase operations (in ms)
2804
2805- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_WRITE_TOUT:
2806		Timeout for Flash write operations (in ms)
2807
2808- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LOCK_TOUT
2809		Timeout for Flash set sector lock bit operation (in ms)
2810
2811- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_UNLOCK_TOUT
2812		Timeout for Flash clear lock bits operation (in ms)
2813
2814- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION
2815		If defined, hardware flash sectors protection is used
2816		instead of U-Boot software protection.
2817
2818- CONFIG_SYS_DIRECT_FLASH_TFTP:
2819
2820		Enable TFTP transfers directly to flash memory;
2821		without this option such a download has to be
2822		performed in two steps: (1) download to RAM, and (2)
2823		copy from RAM to flash.
2824
2825		The two-step approach is usually more reliable, since
2826		you can check if the download worked before you erase
2827		the flash, but in some situations (when system RAM is
2828		too limited to allow for a temporary copy of the
2829		downloaded image) this option may be very useful.
2830
2831- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CFI:
2832		Define if the flash driver uses extra elements in the
2833		common flash structure for storing flash geometry.
2834
2835- CONFIG_FLASH_CFI_DRIVER
2836		This option also enables the building of the cfi_flash driver
2837		in the drivers directory
2838
2839- CONFIG_FLASH_CFI_MTD
2840		This option enables the building of the cfi_mtd driver
2841		in the drivers directory. The driver exports CFI flash
2842		to the MTD layer.
2843
2844- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE
2845		Use buffered writes to flash.
2846
2847- CONFIG_FLASH_SPANSION_S29WS_N
2848		s29ws-n MirrorBit flash has non-standard addresses for buffered
2849		write commands.
2850
2851- CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_QUIET_TEST
2852		If this option is defined, the common CFI flash doesn't
2853		print it's warning upon not recognized FLASH banks. This
2854		is useful, if some of the configured banks are only
2855		optionally available.
2856
2857- CONFIG_FLASH_SHOW_PROGRESS
2858		If defined (must be an integer), print out countdown
2859		digits and dots.  Recommended value: 45 (9..1) for 80
2860		column displays, 15 (3..1) for 40 column displays.
2861
2862- CONFIG_FLASH_VERIFY
2863		If defined, the content of the flash (destination) is compared
2864		against the source after the write operation. An error message
2865		will be printed when the contents are not identical.
2866		Please note that this option is useless in nearly all cases,
2867		since such flash programming errors usually are detected earlier
2868		while unprotecting/erasing/programming. Please only enable
2869		this option if you really know what you are doing.
2870
2871- CONFIG_SYS_RX_ETH_BUFFER:
2872		Defines the number of Ethernet receive buffers. On some
2873		Ethernet controllers it is recommended to set this value
2874		to 8 or even higher (EEPRO100 or 405 EMAC), since all
2875		buffers can be full shortly after enabling the interface
2876		on high Ethernet traffic.
2877		Defaults to 4 if not defined.
2878
2879- CONFIG_ENV_MAX_ENTRIES
2880
2881	Maximum number of entries in the hash table that is used
2882	internally to store the environment settings. The default
2883	setting is supposed to be generous and should work in most
2884	cases. This setting can be used to tune behaviour; see
2885	lib/hashtable.c for details.
2886
2887- CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_DEFAULT
2888- CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_STATIC
2889	Enable validation of the values given to environment variables when
2890	calling env set.  Variables can be restricted to only decimal,
2891	hexadecimal, or boolean.  If CONFIG_CMD_NET is also defined,
2892	the variables can also be restricted to IP address or MAC address.
2893
2894	The format of the list is:
2895		type_attribute = [s|d|x|b|i|m]
2896		access_attribute = [a|r|o|c]
2897		attributes = type_attribute[access_attribute]
2898		entry = variable_name[:attributes]
2899		list = entry[,list]
2900
2901	The type attributes are:
2902		s - String (default)
2903		d - Decimal
2904		x - Hexadecimal
2905		b - Boolean ([1yYtT|0nNfF])
2906		i - IP address
2907		m - MAC address
2908
2909	The access attributes are:
2910		a - Any (default)
2911		r - Read-only
2912		o - Write-once
2913		c - Change-default
2914
2915	- CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_DEFAULT
2916		Define this to a list (string) to define the ".flags"
2917		environment variable in the default or embedded environment.
2918
2919	- CONFIG_ENV_FLAGS_LIST_STATIC
2920		Define this to a list (string) to define validation that
2921		should be done if an entry is not found in the ".flags"
2922		environment variable.  To override a setting in the static
2923		list, simply add an entry for the same variable name to the
2924		".flags" variable.
2925
2926	If CONFIG_REGEX is defined, the variable_name above is evaluated as a
2927	regular expression. This allows multiple variables to define the same
2928	flags without explicitly listing them for each variable.
2929
2930- CONFIG_ENV_ACCESS_IGNORE_FORCE
2931	If defined, don't allow the -f switch to env set override variable
2932	access flags.
2933
2934The following definitions that deal with the placement and management
2935of environment data (variable area); in general, we support the
2936following configurations:
2937
2938- CONFIG_BUILD_ENVCRC:
2939
2940	Builds up envcrc with the target environment so that external utils
2941	may easily extract it and embed it in final U-Boot images.
2942
2943BE CAREFUL! The first access to the environment happens quite early
2944in U-Boot initialization (when we try to get the setting of for the
2945console baudrate). You *MUST* have mapped your NVRAM area then, or
2946U-Boot will hang.
2947
2948Please note that even with NVRAM we still use a copy of the
2949environment in RAM: we could work on NVRAM directly, but we want to
2950keep settings there always unmodified except somebody uses "saveenv"
2951to save the current settings.
2952
2953BE CAREFUL! For some special cases, the local device can not use
2954"saveenv" command. For example, the local device will get the
2955environment stored in a remote NOR flash by SRIO or PCIE link,
2956but it can not erase, write this NOR flash by SRIO or PCIE interface.
2957
2958- CONFIG_NAND_ENV_DST
2959
2960	Defines address in RAM to which the nand_spl code should copy the
2961	environment. If redundant environment is used, it will be copied to
2962	CONFIG_NAND_ENV_DST + CONFIG_ENV_SIZE.
2963
2964Please note that the environment is read-only until the monitor
2965has been relocated to RAM and a RAM copy of the environment has been
2966created; also, when using EEPROM you will have to use env_get_f()
2967until then to read environment variables.
2968
2969The environment is protected by a CRC32 checksum. Before the monitor
2970is relocated into RAM, as a result of a bad CRC you will be working
2971with the compiled-in default environment - *silently*!!! [This is
2972necessary, because the first environment variable we need is the
2973"baudrate" setting for the console - if we have a bad CRC, we don't
2974have any device yet where we could complain.]
2975
2976Note: once the monitor has been relocated, then it will complain if
2977the default environment is used; a new CRC is computed as soon as you
2978use the "saveenv" command to store a valid environment.
2979
2980- CONFIG_SYS_FAULT_ECHO_LINK_DOWN:
2981		Echo the inverted Ethernet link state to the fault LED.
2982
2983		Note: If this option is active, then CONFIG_SYS_FAULT_MII_ADDR
2984		      also needs to be defined.
2985
2986- CONFIG_SYS_FAULT_MII_ADDR:
2987		MII address of the PHY to check for the Ethernet link state.
2988
2989- CONFIG_NS16550_MIN_FUNCTIONS:
2990		Define this if you desire to only have use of the NS16550_init
2991		and NS16550_putc functions for the serial driver located at
2992		drivers/serial/ns16550.c.  This option is useful for saving
2993		space for already greatly restricted images, including but not
2994		limited to NAND_SPL configurations.
2995
2996- CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO
2997		Display information about the board that U-Boot is running on
2998		when U-Boot starts up. The board function checkboard() is called
2999		to do this.
3000
3001- CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO_LATE
3002		Similar to the previous option, but display this information
3003		later, once stdio is running and output goes to the LCD, if
3004		present.
3005
3006- CONFIG_BOARD_SIZE_LIMIT:
3007		Maximum size of the U-Boot image. When defined, the
3008		build system checks that the actual size does not
3009		exceed it.
3010
3011Low Level (hardware related) configuration options:
3012---------------------------------------------------
3013
3014- CONFIG_SYS_CACHELINE_SIZE:
3015		Cache Line Size of the CPU.
3016
3017- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_DEFAULT:
3018		Default (power-on reset) physical address of CCSR on Freescale
3019		PowerPC SOCs.
3020
3021- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR:
3022		Virtual address of CCSR.  On a 32-bit build, this is typically
3023		the same value as CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_DEFAULT.
3024
3025- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS:
3026		Physical address of CCSR.  CCSR can be relocated to a new
3027		physical address, if desired.  In this case, this macro should
3028		be set to that address.	 Otherwise, it should be set to the
3029		same value as CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_DEFAULT.  For example, CCSR
3030		is typically relocated on 36-bit builds.  It is recommended
3031		that this macro be defined via the _HIGH and _LOW macros:
3032
3033		#define CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS ((CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS_HIGH
3034			* 1ull) << 32 | CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS_LOW)
3035
3036- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS_HIGH:
3037		Bits 33-36 of CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS.	This value is typically
3038		either 0 (32-bit build) or 0xF (36-bit build).	This macro is
3039		used in assembly code, so it must not contain typecasts or
3040		integer size suffixes (e.g. "ULL").
3041
3042- CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS_LOW:
3043		Lower 32-bits of CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS.  This macro is
3044		used in assembly code, so it must not contain typecasts or
3045		integer size suffixes (e.g. "ULL").
3046
3047- CONFIG_SYS_CCSR_DO_NOT_RELOCATE:
3048		If this macro is defined, then CONFIG_SYS_CCSRBAR_PHYS will be
3049		forced to a value that ensures that CCSR is not relocated.
3050
3051- Floppy Disk Support:
3052		CONFIG_SYS_FDC_DRIVE_NUMBER
3053
3054		the default drive number (default value 0)
3055
3056		CONFIG_SYS_ISA_IO_STRIDE
3057
3058		defines the spacing between FDC chipset registers
3059		(default value 1)
3060
3061		CONFIG_SYS_ISA_IO_OFFSET
3062
3063		defines the offset of register from address. It
3064		depends on which part of the data bus is connected to
3065		the FDC chipset. (default value 0)
3066
3067		If CONFIG_SYS_ISA_IO_STRIDE CONFIG_SYS_ISA_IO_OFFSET and
3068		CONFIG_SYS_FDC_DRIVE_NUMBER are undefined, they take their
3069		default value.
3070
3071		if CONFIG_SYS_FDC_HW_INIT is defined, then the function
3072		fdc_hw_init() is called at the beginning of the FDC
3073		setup. fdc_hw_init() must be provided by the board
3074		source code. It is used to make hardware-dependent
3075		initializations.
3076
3077- CONFIG_IDE_AHB:
3078		Most IDE controllers were designed to be connected with PCI
3079		interface. Only few of them were designed for AHB interface.
3080		When software is doing ATA command and data transfer to
3081		IDE devices through IDE-AHB controller, some additional
3082		registers accessing to these kind of IDE-AHB controller
3083		is required.
3084
3085- CONFIG_SYS_IMMR:	Physical address of the Internal Memory.
3086		DO NOT CHANGE unless you know exactly what you're
3087		doing! (11-4) [MPC8xx systems only]
3088
3089- CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR:
3090
3091		Start address of memory area that can be used for
3092		initial data and stack; please note that this must be
3093		writable memory that is working WITHOUT special
3094		initialization, i. e. you CANNOT use normal RAM which
3095		will become available only after programming the
3096		memory controller and running certain initialization
3097		sequences.
3098
3099		U-Boot uses the following memory types:
3100		- MPC8xx: IMMR (internal memory of the CPU)
3101
3102- CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_OFFSET:
3103
3104		Offset of the initial data structure in the memory
3105		area defined by CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR. Usually
3106		CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_OFFSET is chosen such that the initial
3107		data is located at the end of the available space
3108		(sometimes written as (CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_SIZE -
3109		GENERATED_GBL_DATA_SIZE), and the initial stack is just
3110		below that area (growing from (CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR +
3111		CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_OFFSET) downward.
3112
3113	Note:
3114		On the MPC824X (or other systems that use the data
3115		cache for initial memory) the address chosen for
3116		CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR is basically arbitrary - it must
3117		point to an otherwise UNUSED address space between
3118		the top of RAM and the start of the PCI space.
3119
3120- CONFIG_SYS_SCCR:	System Clock and reset Control Register (15-27)
3121
3122- CONFIG_SYS_OR_TIMING_SDRAM:
3123		SDRAM timing
3124
3125- CONFIG_SYS_MAMR_PTA:
3126		periodic timer for refresh
3127
3128- FLASH_BASE0_PRELIM, FLASH_BASE1_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_REMAP_OR_AM,
3129  CONFIG_SYS_PRELIM_OR_AM, CONFIG_SYS_OR_TIMING_FLASH, CONFIG_SYS_OR0_REMAP,
3130  CONFIG_SYS_OR0_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_BR0_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_OR1_REMAP, CONFIG_SYS_OR1_PRELIM,
3131  CONFIG_SYS_BR1_PRELIM:
3132		Memory Controller Definitions: BR0/1 and OR0/1 (FLASH)
3133
3134- SDRAM_BASE2_PRELIM, SDRAM_BASE3_PRELIM, SDRAM_MAX_SIZE,
3135  CONFIG_SYS_OR_TIMING_SDRAM, CONFIG_SYS_OR2_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_BR2_PRELIM,
3136  CONFIG_SYS_OR3_PRELIM, CONFIG_SYS_BR3_PRELIM:
3137		Memory Controller Definitions: BR2/3 and OR2/3 (SDRAM)
3138
3139- CONFIG_PCI_ENUM_ONLY
3140		Only scan through and get the devices on the buses.
3141		Don't do any setup work, presumably because someone or
3142		something has already done it, and we don't need to do it
3143		a second time.	Useful for platforms that are pre-booted
3144		by coreboot or similar.
3145
3146- CONFIG_PCI_INDIRECT_BRIDGE:
3147		Enable support for indirect PCI bridges.
3148
3149- CONFIG_SYS_SRIO:
3150		Chip has SRIO or not
3151
3152- CONFIG_SRIO1:
3153		Board has SRIO 1 port available
3154
3155- CONFIG_SRIO2:
3156		Board has SRIO 2 port available
3157
3158- CONFIG_SRIO_PCIE_BOOT_MASTER
3159		Board can support master function for Boot from SRIO and PCIE
3160
3161- CONFIG_SYS_SRIOn_MEM_VIRT:
3162		Virtual Address of SRIO port 'n' memory region
3163
3164- CONFIG_SYS_SRIOn_MEM_PHYS:
3165		Physical Address of SRIO port 'n' memory region
3166
3167- CONFIG_SYS_SRIOn_MEM_SIZE:
3168		Size of SRIO port 'n' memory region
3169
3170- CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BUSWIDTH_16BIT
3171		Defined to tell the NAND controller that the NAND chip is using
3172		a 16 bit bus.
3173		Not all NAND drivers use this symbol.
3174		Example of drivers that use it:
3175		- drivers/mtd/nand/raw/ndfc.c
3176		- drivers/mtd/nand/raw/mxc_nand.c
3177
3178- CONFIG_SYS_NDFC_EBC0_CFG
3179		Sets the EBC0_CFG register for the NDFC. If not defined
3180		a default value will be used.
3181
3182- CONFIG_SPD_EEPROM
3183		Get DDR timing information from an I2C EEPROM. Common
3184		with pluggable memory modules such as SODIMMs
3185
3186  SPD_EEPROM_ADDRESS
3187		I2C address of the SPD EEPROM
3188
3189- CONFIG_SYS_SPD_BUS_NUM
3190		If SPD EEPROM is on an I2C bus other than the first
3191		one, specify here. Note that the value must resolve
3192		to something your driver can deal with.
3193
3194- CONFIG_SYS_DDR_RAW_TIMING
3195		Get DDR timing information from other than SPD. Common with
3196		soldered DDR chips onboard without SPD. DDR raw timing
3197		parameters are extracted from datasheet and hard-coded into
3198		header files or board specific files.
3199
3200- CONFIG_FSL_DDR_INTERACTIVE
3201		Enable interactive DDR debugging. See doc/README.fsl-ddr.
3202
3203- CONFIG_FSL_DDR_SYNC_REFRESH
3204		Enable sync of refresh for multiple controllers.
3205
3206- CONFIG_FSL_DDR_BIST
3207		Enable built-in memory test for Freescale DDR controllers.
3208
3209- CONFIG_SYS_83XX_DDR_USES_CS0
3210		Only for 83xx systems. If specified, then DDR should
3211		be configured using CS0 and CS1 instead of CS2 and CS3.
3212
3213- CONFIG_RMII
3214		Enable RMII mode for all FECs.
3215		Note that this is a global option, we can't
3216		have one FEC in standard MII mode and another in RMII mode.
3217
3218- CONFIG_CRC32_VERIFY
3219		Add a verify option to the crc32 command.
3220		The syntax is:
3221
3222		=> crc32 -v <address> <count> <crc32>
3223
3224		Where address/count indicate a memory area
3225		and crc32 is the correct crc32 which the
3226		area should have.
3227
3228- CONFIG_LOOPW
3229		Add the "loopw" memory command. This only takes effect if
3230		the memory commands are activated globally (CONFIG_CMD_MEMORY).
3231
3232- CONFIG_MX_CYCLIC
3233		Add the "mdc" and "mwc" memory commands. These are cyclic
3234		"md/mw" commands.
3235		Examples:
3236
3237		=> mdc.b 10 4 500
3238		This command will print 4 bytes (10,11,12,13) each 500 ms.
3239
3240		=> mwc.l 100 12345678 10
3241		This command will write 12345678 to address 100 all 10 ms.
3242
3243		This only takes effect if the memory commands are activated
3244		globally (CONFIG_CMD_MEMORY).
3245
3246- CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
3247		[ARM, NDS32, MIPS, RISC-V only] If this variable is defined, then certain
3248		low level initializations (like setting up the memory
3249		controller) are omitted and/or U-Boot does not
3250		relocate itself into RAM.
3251
3252		Normally this variable MUST NOT be defined. The only
3253		exception is when U-Boot is loaded (to RAM) by some
3254		other boot loader or by a debugger which performs
3255		these initializations itself.
3256
3257- CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT_ONLY
3258		[ARM926EJ-S only] This allows just the call to lowlevel_init()
3259		to be skipped. The normal CP15 init (such as enabling the
3260		instruction cache) is still performed.
3261
3262- CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
3263		Modifies the behaviour of start.S when compiling a loader
3264		that is executed before the actual U-Boot. E.g. when
3265		compiling a NAND SPL.
3266
3267- CONFIG_TPL_BUILD
3268		Modifies the behaviour of start.S  when compiling a loader
3269		that is executed after the SPL and before the actual U-Boot.
3270		It is loaded by the SPL.
3271
3272- CONFIG_SYS_MPC85XX_NO_RESETVEC
3273		Only for 85xx systems. If this variable is specified, the section
3274		.resetvec is not kept and the section .bootpg is placed in the
3275		previous 4k of the .text section.
3276
3277- CONFIG_ARCH_MAP_SYSMEM
3278		Generally U-Boot (and in particular the md command) uses
3279		effective address. It is therefore not necessary to regard
3280		U-Boot address as virtual addresses that need to be translated
3281		to physical addresses. However, sandbox requires this, since
3282		it maintains its own little RAM buffer which contains all
3283		addressable memory. This option causes some memory accesses
3284		to be mapped through map_sysmem() / unmap_sysmem().
3285
3286- CONFIG_X86_RESET_VECTOR
3287		If defined, the x86 reset vector code is included. This is not
3288		needed when U-Boot is running from Coreboot.
3289
3290- CONFIG_SYS_NAND_NO_SUBPAGE_WRITE
3291		Option to disable subpage write in NAND driver
3292		driver that uses this:
3293		drivers/mtd/nand/raw/davinci_nand.c
3294
3295Freescale QE/FMAN Firmware Support:
3296-----------------------------------
3297
3298The Freescale QUICCEngine (QE) and Frame Manager (FMAN) both support the
3299loading of "firmware", which is encoded in the QE firmware binary format.
3300This firmware often needs to be loaded during U-Boot booting, so macros
3301are used to identify the storage device (NOR flash, SPI, etc) and the address
3302within that device.
3303
3304- CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR
3305	The address in the storage device where the FMAN microcode is located.  The
3306	meaning of this address depends on which CONFIG_SYS_QE_FW_IN_xxx macro
3307	is also specified.
3308
3309- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FW_ADDR
3310	The address in the storage device where the QE microcode is located.  The
3311	meaning of this address depends on which CONFIG_SYS_QE_FW_IN_xxx macro
3312	is also specified.
3313
3314- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_LENGTH
3315	The maximum possible size of the firmware.  The firmware binary format
3316	has a field that specifies the actual size of the firmware, but it
3317	might not be possible to read any part of the firmware unless some
3318	local storage is allocated to hold the entire firmware first.
3319
3320- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_IN_NOR
3321	Specifies that QE/FMAN firmware is located in NOR flash, mapped as
3322	normal addressable memory via the LBC.  CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR is the
3323	virtual address in NOR flash.
3324
3325- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_IN_NAND
3326	Specifies that QE/FMAN firmware is located in NAND flash.
3327	CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR is the offset within NAND flash.
3328
3329- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_IN_MMC
3330	Specifies that QE/FMAN firmware is located on the primary SD/MMC
3331	device.  CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR is the byte offset on that device.
3332
3333- CONFIG_SYS_QE_FMAN_FW_IN_REMOTE
3334	Specifies that QE/FMAN firmware is located in the remote (master)
3335	memory space.	CONFIG_SYS_FMAN_FW_ADDR is a virtual address which
3336	can be mapped from slave TLB->slave LAW->slave SRIO or PCIE outbound
3337	window->master inbound window->master LAW->the ucode address in
3338	master's memory space.
3339
3340Freescale Layerscape Management Complex Firmware Support:
3341---------------------------------------------------------
3342The Freescale Layerscape Management Complex (MC) supports the loading of
3343"firmware".
3344This firmware often needs to be loaded during U-Boot booting, so macros
3345are used to identify the storage device (NOR flash, SPI, etc) and the address
3346within that device.
3347
3348- CONFIG_FSL_MC_ENET
3349	Enable the MC driver for Layerscape SoCs.
3350
3351Freescale Layerscape Debug Server Support:
3352-------------------------------------------
3353The Freescale Layerscape Debug Server Support supports the loading of
3354"Debug Server firmware" and triggering SP boot-rom.
3355This firmware often needs to be loaded during U-Boot booting.
3356
3357- CONFIG_SYS_MC_RSV_MEM_ALIGN
3358	Define alignment of reserved memory MC requires
3359
3360Reproducible builds
3361-------------------
3362
3363In order to achieve reproducible builds, timestamps used in the U-Boot build
3364process have to be set to a fixed value.
3365
3366This is done using the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable.
3367SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is to be set on the build host's shell, not as a configuration
3368option for U-Boot or an environment variable in U-Boot.
3369
3370SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH should be set to a number of seconds since the epoch, in UTC.
3371
3372Building the Software:
3373======================
3374
3375Building U-Boot has been tested in several native build environments
3376and in many different cross environments. Of course we cannot support
3377all possibly existing versions of cross development tools in all
3378(potentially obsolete) versions. In case of tool chain problems we
3379recommend to use the ELDK (see http://www.denx.de/wiki/DULG/ELDK)
3380which is extensively used to build and test U-Boot.
3381
3382If you are not using a native environment, it is assumed that you
3383have GNU cross compiling tools available in your path. In this case,
3384you must set the environment variable CROSS_COMPILE in your shell.
3385Note that no changes to the Makefile or any other source files are
3386necessary. For example using the ELDK on a 4xx CPU, please enter:
3387
3388	$ CROSS_COMPILE=ppc_4xx-
3389	$ export CROSS_COMPILE
3390
3391Note: If you wish to generate Windows versions of the utilities in
3392      the tools directory you can use the MinGW toolchain
3393      (http://www.mingw.org).  Set your HOST tools to the MinGW
3394      toolchain and execute 'make tools'.  For example:
3395
3396       $ make HOSTCC=i586-mingw32msvc-gcc HOSTSTRIP=i586-mingw32msvc-strip tools
3397
3398      Binaries such as tools/mkimage.exe will be created which can
3399      be executed on computers running Windows.
3400
3401U-Boot is intended to be simple to build. After installing the
3402sources you must configure U-Boot for one specific board type. This
3403is done by typing:
3404
3405	make NAME_defconfig
3406
3407where "NAME_defconfig" is the name of one of the existing configu-
3408rations; see boards.cfg for supported names.
3409
3410Note: for some board special configuration names may exist; check if
3411      additional information is available from the board vendor; for
3412      instance, the TQM823L systems are available without (standard)
3413      or with LCD support. You can select such additional "features"
3414      when choosing the configuration, i. e.
3415
3416      make TQM823L_defconfig
3417	- will configure for a plain TQM823L, i. e. no LCD support
3418
3419      make TQM823L_LCD_defconfig
3420	- will configure for a TQM823L with U-Boot console on LCD
3421
3422      etc.
3423
3424
3425Finally, type "make all", and you should get some working U-Boot
3426images ready for download to / installation on your system:
3427
3428- "u-boot.bin" is a raw binary image
3429- "u-boot" is an image in ELF binary format
3430- "u-boot.srec" is in Motorola S-Record format
3431
3432By default the build is performed locally and the objects are saved
3433in the source directory. One of the two methods can be used to change
3434this behavior and build U-Boot to some external directory:
3435
34361. Add O= to the make command line invocations:
3437
3438	make O=/tmp/build distclean
3439	make O=/tmp/build NAME_defconfig
3440	make O=/tmp/build all
3441
34422. Set environment variable KBUILD_OUTPUT to point to the desired location:
3443
3444	export KBUILD_OUTPUT=/tmp/build
3445	make distclean
3446	make NAME_defconfig
3447	make all
3448
3449Note that the command line "O=" setting overrides the KBUILD_OUTPUT environment
3450variable.
3451
3452User specific CPPFLAGS, AFLAGS and CFLAGS can be passed to the compiler by
3453setting the according environment variables KCPPFLAGS, KAFLAGS and KCFLAGS.
3454For example to treat all compiler warnings as errors:
3455
3456	make KCFLAGS=-Werror
3457
3458Please be aware that the Makefiles assume you are using GNU make, so
3459for instance on NetBSD you might need to use "gmake" instead of
3460native "make".
3461
3462
3463If the system board that you have is not listed, then you will need
3464to port U-Boot to your hardware platform. To do this, follow these
3465steps:
3466
34671.  Create a new directory to hold your board specific code. Add any
3468    files you need. In your board directory, you will need at least
3469    the "Makefile" and a "<board>.c".
34702.  Create a new configuration file "include/configs/<board>.h" for
3471    your board.
34723.  If you're porting U-Boot to a new CPU, then also create a new
3473    directory to hold your CPU specific code. Add any files you need.
34744.  Run "make <board>_defconfig" with your new name.
34755.  Type "make", and you should get a working "u-boot.srec" file
3476    to be installed on your target system.
34776.  Debug and solve any problems that might arise.
3478    [Of course, this last step is much harder than it sounds.]
3479
3480
3481Testing of U-Boot Modifications, Ports to New Hardware, etc.:
3482==============================================================
3483
3484If you have modified U-Boot sources (for instance added a new board
3485or support for new devices, a new CPU, etc.) you are expected to
3486provide feedback to the other developers. The feedback normally takes
3487the form of a "patch", i. e. a context diff against a certain (latest
3488official or latest in the git repository) version of U-Boot sources.
3489
3490But before you submit such a patch, please verify that your modifi-
3491cation did not break existing code. At least make sure that *ALL* of
3492the supported boards compile WITHOUT ANY compiler warnings. To do so,
3493just run the buildman script (tools/buildman/buildman), which will
3494configure and build U-Boot for ALL supported system. Be warned, this
3495will take a while. Please see the buildman README, or run 'buildman -H'
3496for documentation.
3497
3498
3499See also "U-Boot Porting Guide" below.
3500
3501
3502Monitor Commands - Overview:
3503============================
3504
3505go	- start application at address 'addr'
3506run	- run commands in an environment variable
3507bootm	- boot application image from memory
3508bootp	- boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
3509bootz   - boot zImage from memory
3510tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
3511	       and env variables "ipaddr" and "serverip"
3512	       (and eventually "gatewayip")
3513tftpput - upload a file via network using TFTP protocol
3514rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
3515diskboot- boot from IDE devicebootd   - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
3516loads	- load S-Record file over serial line
3517loadb	- load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
3518md	- memory display
3519mm	- memory modify (auto-incrementing)
3520nm	- memory modify (constant address)
3521mw	- memory write (fill)
3522cp	- memory copy
3523cmp	- memory compare
3524crc32	- checksum calculation
3525i2c	- I2C sub-system
3526sspi	- SPI utility commands
3527base	- print or set address offset
3528printenv- print environment variables
3529setenv	- set environment variables
3530saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
3531protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
3532erase	- erase FLASH memory
3533flinfo	- print FLASH memory information
3534nand	- NAND memory operations (see doc/README.nand)
3535bdinfo	- print Board Info structure
3536iminfo	- print header information for application image
3537coninfo - print console devices and informations
3538ide	- IDE sub-system
3539loop	- infinite loop on address range
3540loopw	- infinite write loop on address range
3541mtest	- simple RAM test
3542icache	- enable or disable instruction cache
3543dcache	- enable or disable data cache
3544reset	- Perform RESET of the CPU
3545echo	- echo args to console
3546version - print monitor version
3547help	- print online help
3548?	- alias for 'help'
3549
3550
3551Monitor Commands - Detailed Description:
3552========================================
3553
3554TODO.
3555
3556For now: just type "help <command>".
3557
3558
3559Environment Variables:
3560======================
3561
3562U-Boot supports user configuration using Environment Variables which
3563can be made persistent by saving to Flash memory.
3564
3565Environment Variables are set using "setenv", printed using
3566"printenv", and saved to Flash using "saveenv". Using "setenv"
3567without a value can be used to delete a variable from the
3568environment. As long as you don't save the environment you are
3569working with an in-memory copy. In case the Flash area containing the
3570environment is erased by accident, a default environment is provided.
3571
3572Some configuration options can be set using Environment Variables.
3573
3574List of environment variables (most likely not complete):
3575
3576  baudrate	- see CONFIG_BAUDRATE
3577
3578  bootdelay	- see CONFIG_BOOTDELAY
3579
3580  bootcmd	- see CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND
3581
3582  bootargs	- Boot arguments when booting an RTOS image
3583
3584  bootfile	- Name of the image to load with TFTP
3585
3586  bootm_low	- Memory range available for image processing in the bootm
3587		  command can be restricted. This variable is given as
3588		  a hexadecimal number and defines lowest address allowed
3589		  for use by the bootm command. See also "bootm_size"
3590		  environment variable. Address defined by "bootm_low" is
3591		  also the base of the initial memory mapping for the Linux
3592		  kernel -- see the description of CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ and
3593		  bootm_mapsize.
3594
3595  bootm_mapsize - Size of the initial memory mapping for the Linux kernel.
3596		  This variable is given as a hexadecimal number and it
3597		  defines the size of the memory region starting at base
3598		  address bootm_low that is accessible by the Linux kernel
3599		  during early boot.  If unset, CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ is used
3600		  as the default value if it is defined, and bootm_size is
3601		  used otherwise.
3602
3603  bootm_size	- Memory range available for image processing in the bootm
3604		  command can be restricted. This variable is given as
3605		  a hexadecimal number and defines the size of the region
3606		  allowed for use by the bootm command. See also "bootm_low"
3607		  environment variable.
3608
3609  updatefile	- Location of the software update file on a TFTP server, used
3610		  by the automatic software update feature. Please refer to
3611		  documentation in doc/README.update for more details.
3612
3613  autoload	- if set to "no" (any string beginning with 'n'),
3614		  "bootp" will just load perform a lookup of the
3615		  configuration from the BOOTP server, but not try to
3616		  load any image using TFTP
3617
3618  autostart	- if set to "yes", an image loaded using the "bootp",
3619		  "rarpboot", "tftpboot" or "diskboot" commands will
3620		  be automatically started (by internally calling
3621		  "bootm")
3622
3623		  If set to "no", a standalone image passed to the
3624		  "bootm" command will be copied to the load address
3625		  (and eventually uncompressed), but NOT be started.
3626		  This can be used to load and uncompress arbitrary
3627		  data.
3628
3629  fdt_high	- if set this restricts the maximum address that the
3630		  flattened device tree will be copied into upon boot.
3631		  For example, if you have a system with 1 GB memory
3632		  at physical address 0x10000000, while Linux kernel
3633		  only recognizes the first 704 MB as low memory, you
3634		  may need to set fdt_high as 0x3C000000 to have the
3635		  device tree blob be copied to the maximum address
3636		  of the 704 MB low memory, so that Linux kernel can
3637		  access it during the boot procedure.
3638
3639		  If this is set to the special value 0xFFFFFFFF then
3640		  the fdt will not be copied at all on boot.  For this
3641		  to work it must reside in writable memory, have
3642		  sufficient padding on the end of it for u-boot to
3643		  add the information it needs into it, and the memory
3644		  must be accessible by the kernel.
3645
3646  fdtcontroladdr- if set this is the address of the control flattened
3647		  device tree used by U-Boot when CONFIG_OF_CONTROL is
3648		  defined.
3649
3650  i2cfast	- (PPC405GP|PPC405EP only)
3651		  if set to 'y' configures Linux I2C driver for fast
3652		  mode (400kHZ). This environment variable is used in
3653		  initialization code. So, for changes to be effective
3654		  it must be saved and board must be reset.
3655
3656  initrd_high	- restrict positioning of initrd images:
3657		  If this variable is not set, initrd images will be
3658		  copied to the highest possible address in RAM; this
3659		  is usually what you want since it allows for
3660		  maximum initrd size. If for some reason you want to
3661		  make sure that the initrd image is loaded below the
3662		  CONFIG_SYS_BOOTMAPSZ limit, you can set this environment
3663		  variable to a value of "no" or "off" or "0".
3664		  Alternatively, you can set it to a maximum upper
3665		  address to use (U-Boot will still check that it
3666		  does not overwrite the U-Boot stack and data).
3667
3668		  For instance, when you have a system with 16 MB
3669		  RAM, and want to reserve 4 MB from use by Linux,
3670		  you can do this by adding "mem=12M" to the value of
3671		  the "bootargs" variable. However, now you must make
3672		  sure that the initrd image is placed in the first
3673		  12 MB as well - this can be done with
3674
3675		  setenv initrd_high 00c00000
3676
3677		  If you set initrd_high to 0xFFFFFFFF, this is an
3678		  indication to U-Boot that all addresses are legal
3679		  for the Linux kernel, including addresses in flash
3680		  memory. In this case U-Boot will NOT COPY the
3681		  ramdisk at all. This may be useful to reduce the
3682		  boot time on your system, but requires that this
3683		  feature is supported by your Linux kernel.
3684
3685  ipaddr	- IP address; needed for tftpboot command
3686
3687  loadaddr	- Default load address for commands like "bootp",
3688		  "rarpboot", "tftpboot", "loadb" or "diskboot"
3689
3690  loads_echo	- see CONFIG_LOADS_ECHO
3691
3692  serverip	- TFTP server IP address; needed for tftpboot command
3693
3694  bootretry	- see CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
3695
3696  bootdelaykey	- see CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_DELAY_STR
3697
3698  bootstopkey	- see CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_STOP_STR
3699
3700  ethprime	- controls which interface is used first.
3701
3702  ethact	- controls which interface is currently active.
3703		  For example you can do the following
3704
3705		  => setenv ethact FEC
3706		  => ping 192.168.0.1 # traffic sent on FEC
3707		  => setenv ethact SCC
3708		  => ping 10.0.0.1 # traffic sent on SCC
3709
3710  ethrotate	- When set to "no" U-Boot does not go through all
3711		  available network interfaces.
3712		  It just stays at the currently selected interface.
3713
3714  netretry	- When set to "no" each network operation will
3715		  either succeed or fail without retrying.
3716		  When set to "once" the network operation will
3717		  fail when all the available network interfaces
3718		  are tried once without success.
3719		  Useful on scripts which control the retry operation
3720		  themselves.
3721
3722  npe_ucode	- set load address for the NPE microcode
3723
3724  silent_linux  - If set then Linux will be told to boot silently, by
3725		  changing the console to be empty. If "yes" it will be
3726		  made silent. If "no" it will not be made silent. If
3727		  unset, then it will be made silent if the U-Boot console
3728		  is silent.
3729
3730  tftpsrcp	- If this is set, the value is used for TFTP's
3731		  UDP source port.
3732
3733  tftpdstp	- If this is set, the value is used for TFTP's UDP
3734		  destination port instead of the Well Know Port 69.
3735
3736  tftpblocksize - Block size to use for TFTP transfers; if not set,
3737		  we use the TFTP server's default block size
3738
3739  tftptimeout	- Retransmission timeout for TFTP packets (in milli-
3740		  seconds, minimum value is 1000 = 1 second). Defines
3741		  when a packet is considered to be lost so it has to
3742		  be retransmitted. The default is 5000 = 5 seconds.
3743		  Lowering this value may make downloads succeed
3744		  faster in networks with high packet loss rates or
3745		  with unreliable TFTP servers.
3746
3747  tftptimeoutcountmax	- maximum count of TFTP timeouts (no
3748		  unit, minimum value = 0). Defines how many timeouts
3749		  can happen during a single file transfer before that
3750		  transfer is aborted. The default is 10, and 0 means
3751		  'no timeouts allowed'. Increasing this value may help
3752		  downloads succeed with high packet loss rates, or with
3753		  unreliable TFTP servers or client hardware.
3754
3755  vlan		- When set to a value < 4095 the traffic over
3756		  Ethernet is encapsulated/received over 802.1q
3757		  VLAN tagged frames.
3758
3759  bootpretryperiod	- Period during which BOOTP/DHCP sends retries.
3760		  Unsigned value, in milliseconds. If not set, the period will
3761		  be either the default (28000), or a value based on
3762		  CONFIG_NET_RETRY_COUNT, if defined. This value has
3763		  precedence over the valu based on CONFIG_NET_RETRY_COUNT.
3764
3765The following image location variables contain the location of images
3766used in booting. The "Image" column gives the role of the image and is
3767not an environment variable name. The other columns are environment
3768variable names. "File Name" gives the name of the file on a TFTP
3769server, "RAM Address" gives the location in RAM the image will be
3770loaded to, and "Flash Location" gives the image's address in NOR
3771flash or offset in NAND flash.
3772
3773*Note* - these variables don't have to be defined for all boards, some
3774boards currently use other variables for these purposes, and some
3775boards use these variables for other purposes.
3776
3777Image		    File Name	     RAM Address       Flash Location
3778-----		    ---------	     -----------       --------------
3779u-boot		    u-boot	     u-boot_addr_r     u-boot_addr
3780Linux kernel	    bootfile	     kernel_addr_r     kernel_addr
3781device tree blob    fdtfile	     fdt_addr_r	       fdt_addr
3782ramdisk		    ramdiskfile	     ramdisk_addr_r    ramdisk_addr
3783
3784The following environment variables may be used and automatically
3785updated by the network boot commands ("bootp" and "rarpboot"),
3786depending the information provided by your boot server:
3787
3788  bootfile	- see above
3789  dnsip		- IP address of your Domain Name Server
3790  dnsip2	- IP address of your secondary Domain Name Server
3791  gatewayip	- IP address of the Gateway (Router) to use
3792  hostname	- Target hostname
3793  ipaddr	- see above
3794  netmask	- Subnet Mask
3795  rootpath	- Pathname of the root filesystem on the NFS server
3796  serverip	- see above
3797
3798
3799There are two special Environment Variables:
3800
3801  serial#	- contains hardware identification information such
3802		  as type string and/or serial number
3803  ethaddr	- Ethernet address
3804
3805These variables can be set only once (usually during manufacturing of
3806the board). U-Boot refuses to delete or overwrite these variables
3807once they have been set once.
3808
3809
3810Further special Environment Variables:
3811
3812  ver		- Contains the U-Boot version string as printed
3813		  with the "version" command. This variable is
3814		  readonly (see CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE).
3815
3816
3817Please note that changes to some configuration parameters may take
3818only effect after the next boot (yes, that's just like Windoze :-).
3819
3820
3821Callback functions for environment variables:
3822---------------------------------------------
3823
3824For some environment variables, the behavior of u-boot needs to change
3825when their values are changed.  This functionality allows functions to
3826be associated with arbitrary variables.  On creation, overwrite, or
3827deletion, the callback will provide the opportunity for some side
3828effect to happen or for the change to be rejected.
3829
3830The callbacks are named and associated with a function using the
3831U_BOOT_ENV_CALLBACK macro in your board or driver code.
3832
3833These callbacks are associated with variables in one of two ways.  The
3834static list can be added to by defining CONFIG_ENV_CALLBACK_LIST_STATIC
3835in the board configuration to a string that defines a list of
3836associations.  The list must be in the following format:
3837
3838	entry = variable_name[:callback_name]
3839	list = entry[,list]
3840
3841If the callback name is not specified, then the callback is deleted.
3842Spaces are also allowed anywhere in the list.
3843
3844Callbacks can also be associated by defining the ".callbacks" variable
3845with the same list format above.  Any association in ".callbacks" will
3846override any association in the static list. You can define
3847CONFIG_ENV_CALLBACK_LIST_DEFAULT to a list (string) to define the
3848".callbacks" environment variable in the default or embedded environment.
3849
3850If CONFIG_REGEX is defined, the variable_name above is evaluated as a
3851regular expression. This allows multiple variables to be connected to
3852the same callback without explicitly listing them all out.
3853
3854The signature of the callback functions is:
3855
3856    int callback(const char *name, const char *value, enum env_op op, int flags)
3857
3858* name - changed environment variable
3859* value - new value of the environment variable
3860* op - operation (create, overwrite, or delete)
3861* flags - attributes of the environment variable change, see flags H_* in
3862  include/search.h
3863
3864The return value is 0 if the variable change is accepted and 1 otherwise.
3865
3866Command Line Parsing:
3867=====================
3868
3869There are two different command line parsers available with U-Boot:
3870the old "simple" one, and the much more powerful "hush" shell:
3871
3872Old, simple command line parser:
3873--------------------------------
3874
3875- supports environment variables (through setenv / saveenv commands)
3876- several commands on one line, separated by ';'
3877- variable substitution using "... ${name} ..." syntax
3878- special characters ('$', ';') can be escaped by prefixing with '\',
3879  for example:
3880	setenv bootcmd bootm \${address}
3881- You can also escape text by enclosing in single apostrophes, for example:
3882	setenv addip 'setenv bootargs $bootargs ip=$ipaddr:$serverip:$gatewayip:$netmask:$hostname::off'
3883
3884Hush shell:
3885-----------
3886
3887- similar to Bourne shell, with control structures like
3888  if...then...else...fi, for...do...done; while...do...done,
3889  until...do...done, ...
3890- supports environment ("global") variables (through setenv / saveenv
3891  commands) and local shell variables (through standard shell syntax
3892  "name=value"); only environment variables can be used with "run"
3893  command
3894
3895General rules:
3896--------------
3897
3898(1) If a command line (or an environment variable executed by a "run"
3899    command) contains several commands separated by semicolon, and
3900    one of these commands fails, then the remaining commands will be
3901    executed anyway.
3902
3903(2) If you execute several variables with one call to run (i. e.
3904    calling run with a list of variables as arguments), any failing
3905    command will cause "run" to terminate, i. e. the remaining
3906    variables are not executed.
3907
3908Note for Redundant Ethernet Interfaces:
3909=======================================
3910
3911Some boards come with redundant Ethernet interfaces; U-Boot supports
3912such configurations and is capable of automatic selection of a
3913"working" interface when needed. MAC assignment works as follows:
3914
3915Network interfaces are numbered eth0, eth1, eth2, ... Corresponding
3916MAC addresses can be stored in the environment as "ethaddr" (=>eth0),
3917"eth1addr" (=>eth1), "eth2addr", ...
3918
3919If the network interface stores some valid MAC address (for instance
3920in SROM), this is used as default address if there is NO correspon-
3921ding setting in the environment; if the corresponding environment
3922variable is set, this overrides the settings in the card; that means:
3923
3924o If the SROM has a valid MAC address, and there is no address in the
3925  environment, the SROM's address is used.
3926
3927o If there is no valid address in the SROM, and a definition in the
3928  environment exists, then the value from the environment variable is
3929  used.
3930
3931o If both the SROM and the environment contain a MAC address, and
3932  both addresses are the same, this MAC address is used.
3933
3934o If both the SROM and the environment contain a MAC address, and the
3935  addresses differ, the value from the environment is used and a
3936  warning is printed.
3937
3938o If neither SROM nor the environment contain a MAC address, an error
3939  is raised. If CONFIG_NET_RANDOM_ETHADDR is defined, then in this case
3940  a random, locally-assigned MAC is used.
3941
3942If Ethernet drivers implement the 'write_hwaddr' function, valid MAC addresses
3943will be programmed into hardware as part of the initialization process.	 This
3944may be skipped by setting the appropriate 'ethmacskip' environment variable.
3945The naming convention is as follows:
3946"ethmacskip" (=>eth0), "eth1macskip" (=>eth1) etc.
3947
3948Image Formats:
3949==============
3950
3951U-Boot is capable of booting (and performing other auxiliary operations on)
3952images in two formats:
3953
3954New uImage format (FIT)
3955-----------------------
3956
3957Flexible and powerful format based on Flattened Image Tree -- FIT (similar
3958to Flattened Device Tree). It allows the use of images with multiple
3959components (several kernels, ramdisks, etc.), with contents protected by
3960SHA1, MD5 or CRC32. More details are found in the doc/uImage.FIT directory.
3961
3962
3963Old uImage format
3964-----------------
3965
3966Old image format is based on binary files which can be basically anything,
3967preceded by a special header; see the definitions in include/image.h for
3968details; basically, the header defines the following image properties:
3969
3970* Target Operating System (Provisions for OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD,
3971  4.4BSD, Linux, SVR4, Esix, Solaris, Irix, SCO, Dell, NCR, VxWorks,
3972  LynxOS, pSOS, QNX, RTEMS, INTEGRITY;
3973  Currently supported: Linux, NetBSD, VxWorks, QNX, RTEMS, LynxOS,
3974  INTEGRITY).
3975* Target CPU Architecture (Provisions for Alpha, ARM, Intel x86,
3976  IA64, MIPS, NDS32, Nios II, PowerPC, IBM S390, SuperH, Sparc, Sparc 64 Bit;
3977  Currently supported: ARM, Intel x86, MIPS, NDS32, Nios II, PowerPC).
3978* Compression Type (uncompressed, gzip, bzip2)
3979* Load Address
3980* Entry Point
3981* Image Name
3982* Image Timestamp
3983
3984The header is marked by a special Magic Number, and both the header
3985and the data portions of the image are secured against corruption by
3986CRC32 checksums.
3987
3988
3989Linux Support:
3990==============
3991
3992Although U-Boot should support any OS or standalone application
3993easily, the main focus has always been on Linux during the design of
3994U-Boot.
3995
3996U-Boot includes many features that so far have been part of some
3997special "boot loader" code within the Linux kernel. Also, any
3998"initrd" images to be used are no longer part of one big Linux image;
3999instead, kernel and "initrd" are separate images. This implementation
4000serves several purposes:
4001
4002- the same features can be used for other OS or standalone
4003  applications (for instance: using compressed images to reduce the
4004  Flash memory footprint)
4005
4006- it becomes much easier to port new Linux kernel versions because
4007  lots of low-level, hardware dependent stuff are done by U-Boot
4008
4009- the same Linux kernel image can now be used with different "initrd"
4010  images; of course this also means that different kernel images can
4011  be run with the same "initrd". This makes testing easier (you don't
4012  have to build a new "zImage.initrd" Linux image when you just
4013  change a file in your "initrd"). Also, a field-upgrade of the
4014  software is easier now.
4015
4016
4017Linux HOWTO:
4018============
4019
4020Porting Linux to U-Boot based systems:
4021---------------------------------------
4022
4023U-Boot cannot save you from doing all the necessary modifications to
4024configure the Linux device drivers for use with your target hardware
4025(no, we don't intend to provide a full virtual machine interface to
4026Linux :-).
4027
4028But now you can ignore ALL boot loader code (in arch/powerpc/mbxboot).
4029
4030Just make sure your machine specific header file (for instance
4031include/asm-ppc/tqm8xx.h) includes the same definition of the Board
4032Information structure as we define in include/asm-<arch>/u-boot.h,
4033and make sure that your definition of IMAP_ADDR uses the same value
4034as your U-Boot configuration in CONFIG_SYS_IMMR.
4035
4036Note that U-Boot now has a driver model, a unified model for drivers.
4037If you are adding a new driver, plumb it into driver model. If there
4038is no uclass available, you are encouraged to create one. See
4039doc/driver-model.
4040
4041
4042Configuring the Linux kernel:
4043-----------------------------
4044
4045No specific requirements for U-Boot. Make sure you have some root
4046device (initial ramdisk, NFS) for your target system.
4047
4048
4049Building a Linux Image:
4050-----------------------
4051
4052With U-Boot, "normal" build targets like "zImage" or "bzImage" are
4053not used. If you use recent kernel source, a new build target
4054"uImage" will exist which automatically builds an image usable by
4055U-Boot. Most older kernels also have support for a "pImage" target,
4056which was introduced for our predecessor project PPCBoot and uses a
4057100% compatible format.
4058
4059Example:
4060
4061	make TQM850L_defconfig
4062	make oldconfig
4063	make dep
4064	make uImage
4065
4066The "uImage" build target uses a special tool (in 'tools/mkimage') to
4067encapsulate a compressed Linux kernel image with header	 information,
4068CRC32 checksum etc. for use with U-Boot. This is what we are doing:
4069
4070* build a standard "vmlinux" kernel image (in ELF binary format):
4071
4072* convert the kernel into a raw binary image:
4073
4074	${CROSS_COMPILE}-objcopy -O binary \
4075				 -R .note -R .comment \
4076				 -S vmlinux linux.bin
4077
4078* compress the binary image:
4079
4080	gzip -9 linux.bin
4081
4082* package compressed binary image for U-Boot:
4083
4084	mkimage -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C gzip \
4085		-a 0 -e 0 -n "Linux Kernel Image" \
4086		-d linux.bin.gz uImage
4087
4088
4089The "mkimage" tool can also be used to create ramdisk images for use
4090with U-Boot, either separated from the Linux kernel image, or
4091combined into one file. "mkimage" encapsulates the images with a 64
4092byte header containing information about target architecture,
4093operating system, image type, compression method, entry points, time
4094stamp, CRC32 checksums, etc.
4095
4096"mkimage" can be called in two ways: to verify existing images and
4097print the header information, or to build new images.
4098
4099In the first form (with "-l" option) mkimage lists the information
4100contained in the header of an existing U-Boot image; this includes
4101checksum verification:
4102
4103	tools/mkimage -l image
4104	  -l ==> list image header information
4105
4106The second form (with "-d" option) is used to build a U-Boot image
4107from a "data file" which is used as image payload:
4108
4109	tools/mkimage -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep \
4110		      -n name -d data_file image
4111	  -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'
4112	  -O ==> set operating system to 'os'
4113	  -T ==> set image type to 'type'
4114	  -C ==> set compression type 'comp'
4115	  -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)
4116	  -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)
4117	  -n ==> set image name to 'name'
4118	  -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'
4119
4120Right now, all Linux kernels for PowerPC systems use the same load
4121address (0x00000000), but the entry point address depends on the
4122kernel version:
4123
4124- 2.2.x kernels have the entry point at 0x0000000C,
4125- 2.3.x and later kernels have the entry point at 0x00000000.
4126
4127So a typical call to build a U-Boot image would read:
4128
4129	-> tools/mkimage -n '2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L' \
4130	> -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C gzip -a 0 -e 0 \
4131	> -d /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/powerpc/coffboot/vmlinux.gz \
4132	> examples/uImage.TQM850L
4133	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
4134	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
4135	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4136	Data Size:    335725 Bytes = 327.86 kB = 0.32 MB
4137	Load Address: 0x00000000
4138	Entry Point:  0x00000000
4139
4140To verify the contents of the image (or check for corruption):
4141
4142	-> tools/mkimage -l examples/uImage.TQM850L
4143	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
4144	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
4145	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4146	Data Size:    335725 Bytes = 327.86 kB = 0.32 MB
4147	Load Address: 0x00000000
4148	Entry Point:  0x00000000
4149
4150NOTE: for embedded systems where boot time is critical you can trade
4151speed for memory and install an UNCOMPRESSED image instead: this
4152needs more space in Flash, but boots much faster since it does not
4153need to be uncompressed:
4154
4155	-> gunzip /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/powerpc/coffboot/vmlinux.gz
4156	-> tools/mkimage -n '2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L' \
4157	> -A ppc -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0 -e 0 \
4158	> -d /opt/elsk/ppc_8xx/usr/src/linux-2.4.4/arch/powerpc/coffboot/vmlinux \
4159	> examples/uImage.TQM850L-uncompressed
4160	Image Name:   2.4.4 kernel for TQM850L
4161	Created:      Wed Jul 19 02:34:59 2000
4162	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
4163	Data Size:    792160 Bytes = 773.59 kB = 0.76 MB
4164	Load Address: 0x00000000
4165	Entry Point:  0x00000000
4166
4167
4168Similar you can build U-Boot images from a 'ramdisk.image.gz' file
4169when your kernel is intended to use an initial ramdisk:
4170
4171	-> tools/mkimage -n 'Simple Ramdisk Image' \
4172	> -A ppc -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip \
4173	> -d /LinuxPPC/images/SIMPLE-ramdisk.image.gz examples/simple-initrd
4174	Image Name:   Simple Ramdisk Image
4175	Created:      Wed Jan 12 14:01:50 2000
4176	Image Type:   PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
4177	Data Size:    566530 Bytes = 553.25 kB = 0.54 MB
4178	Load Address: 0x00000000
4179	Entry Point:  0x00000000
4180
4181The "dumpimage" is a tool to disassemble images built by mkimage. Its "-i"
4182option performs the converse operation of the mkimage's second form (the "-d"
4183option). Given an image built by mkimage, the dumpimage extracts a "data file"
4184from the image:
4185
4186	tools/dumpimage -i image -T type -p position data_file
4187	  -i ==> extract from the 'image' a specific 'data_file'
4188	  -T ==> set image type to 'type'
4189	  -p ==> 'position' (starting at 0) of the 'data_file' inside the 'image'
4190
4191
4192Installing a Linux Image:
4193-------------------------
4194
4195To downloading a U-Boot image over the serial (console) interface,
4196you must convert the image to S-Record format:
4197
4198	objcopy -I binary -O srec examples/image examples/image.srec
4199
4200The 'objcopy' does not understand the information in the U-Boot
4201image header, so the resulting S-Record file will be relative to
4202address 0x00000000. To load it to a given address, you need to
4203specify the target address as 'offset' parameter with the 'loads'
4204command.
4205
4206Example: install the image to address 0x40100000 (which on the
4207TQM8xxL is in the first Flash bank):
4208
4209	=> erase 40100000 401FFFFF
4210
4211	.......... done
4212	Erased 8 sectors
4213
4214	=> loads 40100000
4215	## Ready for S-Record download ...
4216	~>examples/image.srec
4217	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ...
4218	...
4219	15989 15990 15991 15992
4220	[file transfer complete]
4221	[connected]
4222	## Start Addr = 0x00000000
4223
4224
4225You can check the success of the download using the 'iminfo' command;
4226this includes a checksum verification so you can be sure no data
4227corruption happened:
4228
4229	=> imi 40100000
4230
4231	## Checking Image at 40100000 ...
4232	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
4233	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4234	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
4235	   Load Address: 00000000
4236	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
4237	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4238
4239
4240Boot Linux:
4241-----------
4242
4243The "bootm" command is used to boot an application that is stored in
4244memory (RAM or Flash). In case of a Linux kernel image, the contents
4245of the "bootargs" environment variable is passed to the kernel as
4246parameters. You can check and modify this variable using the
4247"printenv" and "setenv" commands:
4248
4249
4250	=> printenv bootargs
4251	bootargs=root=/dev/ram
4252
4253	=> setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
4254
4255	=> printenv bootargs
4256	bootargs=root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
4257
4258	=> bootm 40020000
4259	## Booting Linux kernel at 40020000 ...
4260	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for NFS on TQM850L
4261	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4262	   Data Size:	 381681 Bytes = 372 kB = 0 MB
4263	   Load Address: 00000000
4264	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
4265	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4266	   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
4267	Linux version 2.2.13 (wd@denx.local.net) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991024 (release)) #1 Wed Jul 19 02:35:17 MEST 2000
4268	Boot arguments: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.2:/LinuxPPC nfsaddrs=10.0.0.99:10.0.0.2
4269	time_init: decrementer frequency = 187500000/60
4270	Calibrating delay loop... 49.77 BogoMIPS
4271	Memory: 15208k available (700k kernel code, 444k data, 32k init) [c0000000,c1000000]
4272	...
4273
4274If you want to boot a Linux kernel with initial RAM disk, you pass
4275the memory addresses of both the kernel and the initrd image (PPBCOOT
4276format!) to the "bootm" command:
4277
4278	=> imi 40100000 40200000
4279
4280	## Checking Image at 40100000 ...
4281	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
4282	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4283	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
4284	   Load Address: 00000000
4285	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
4286	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4287
4288	## Checking Image at 40200000 ...
4289	   Image Name:	 Simple Ramdisk Image
4290	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
4291	   Data Size:	 566530 Bytes = 553 kB = 0 MB
4292	   Load Address: 00000000
4293	   Entry Point:	 00000000
4294	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4295
4296	=> bootm 40100000 40200000
4297	## Booting Linux kernel at 40100000 ...
4298	   Image Name:	 2.2.13 for initrd on TQM850L
4299	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4300	   Data Size:	 335725 Bytes = 327 kB = 0 MB
4301	   Load Address: 00000000
4302	   Entry Point:	 0000000c
4303	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4304	   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
4305	## Loading RAMDisk Image at 40200000 ...
4306	   Image Name:	 Simple Ramdisk Image
4307	   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed)
4308	   Data Size:	 566530 Bytes = 553 kB = 0 MB
4309	   Load Address: 00000000
4310	   Entry Point:	 00000000
4311	   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4312	   Loading Ramdisk ... OK
4313	Linux version 2.2.13 (wd@denx.local.net) (gcc version 2.95.2 19991024 (release)) #1 Wed Jul 19 02:32:08 MEST 2000
4314	Boot arguments: root=/dev/ram
4315	time_init: decrementer frequency = 187500000/60
4316	Calibrating delay loop... 49.77 BogoMIPS
4317	...
4318	RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
4319	VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
4320
4321	bash#
4322
4323Boot Linux and pass a flat device tree:
4324-----------
4325
4326First, U-Boot must be compiled with the appropriate defines. See the section
4327titled "Linux Kernel Interface" above for a more in depth explanation. The
4328following is an example of how to start a kernel and pass an updated
4329flat device tree:
4330
4331=> print oftaddr
4332oftaddr=0x300000
4333=> print oft
4334oft=oftrees/mpc8540ads.dtb
4335=> tftp $oftaddr $oft
4336Speed: 1000, full duplex
4337Using TSEC0 device
4338TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
4339Filename 'oftrees/mpc8540ads.dtb'.
4340Load address: 0x300000
4341Loading: #
4342done
4343Bytes transferred = 4106 (100a hex)
4344=> tftp $loadaddr $bootfile
4345Speed: 1000, full duplex
4346Using TSEC0 device
4347TFTP from server 192.168.1.1; our IP address is 192.168.1.2
4348Filename 'uImage'.
4349Load address: 0x200000
4350Loading:############
4351done
4352Bytes transferred = 1029407 (fb51f hex)
4353=> print loadaddr
4354loadaddr=200000
4355=> print oftaddr
4356oftaddr=0x300000
4357=> bootm $loadaddr - $oftaddr
4358## Booting image at 00200000 ...
4359   Image Name:	 Linux-2.6.17-dirty
4360   Image Type:	 PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
4361   Data Size:	 1029343 Bytes = 1005.2 kB
4362   Load Address: 00000000
4363   Entry Point:	 00000000
4364   Verifying Checksum ... OK
4365   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
4366Booting using flat device tree at 0x300000
4367Using MPC85xx ADS machine description
4368Memory CAM mapping: CAM0=256Mb, CAM1=256Mb, CAM2=0Mb residual: 0Mb
4369[snip]
4370
4371
4372More About U-Boot Image Types:
4373------------------------------
4374
4375U-Boot supports the following image types:
4376
4377   "Standalone Programs" are directly runnable in the environment
4378	provided by U-Boot; it is expected that (if they behave
4379	well) you can continue to work in U-Boot after return from
4380	the Standalone Program.
4381   "OS Kernel Images" are usually images of some Embedded OS which
4382	will take over control completely. Usually these programs
4383	will install their own set of exception handlers, device
4384	drivers, set up the MMU, etc. - this means, that you cannot
4385	expect to re-enter U-Boot except by resetting the CPU.
4386   "RAMDisk Images" are more or less just data blocks, and their
4387	parameters (address, size) are passed to an OS kernel that is
4388	being started.
4389   "Multi-File Images" contain several images, typically an OS
4390	(Linux) kernel image and one or more data images like
4391	RAMDisks. This construct is useful for instance when you want
4392	to boot over the network using BOOTP etc., where the boot
4393	server provides just a single image file, but you want to get
4394	for instance an OS kernel and a RAMDisk image.
4395
4396	"Multi-File Images" start with a list of image sizes, each
4397	image size (in bytes) specified by an "uint32_t" in network
4398	byte order. This list is terminated by an "(uint32_t)0".
4399	Immediately after the terminating 0 follow the images, one by
4400	one, all aligned on "uint32_t" boundaries (size rounded up to
4401	a multiple of 4 bytes).
4402
4403   "Firmware Images" are binary images containing firmware (like
4404	U-Boot or FPGA images) which usually will be programmed to
4405	flash memory.
4406
4407   "Script files" are command sequences that will be executed by
4408	U-Boot's command interpreter; this feature is especially
4409	useful when you configure U-Boot to use a real shell (hush)
4410	as command interpreter.
4411
4412Booting the Linux zImage:
4413-------------------------
4414
4415On some platforms, it's possible to boot Linux zImage. This is done
4416using the "bootz" command. The syntax of "bootz" command is the same
4417as the syntax of "bootm" command.
4418
4419Note, defining the CONFIG_SUPPORT_RAW_INITRD allows user to supply
4420kernel with raw initrd images. The syntax is slightly different, the
4421address of the initrd must be augmented by it's size, in the following
4422format: "<initrd addres>:<initrd size>".
4423
4424
4425Standalone HOWTO:
4426=================
4427
4428One of the features of U-Boot is that you can dynamically load and
4429run "standalone" applications, which can use some resources of
4430U-Boot like console I/O functions or interrupt services.
4431
4432Two simple examples are included with the sources:
4433
4434"Hello World" Demo:
4435-------------------
4436
4437'examples/hello_world.c' contains a small "Hello World" Demo
4438application; it is automatically compiled when you build U-Boot.
4439It's configured to run at address 0x00040004, so you can play with it
4440like that:
4441
4442	=> loads
4443	## Ready for S-Record download ...
4444	~>examples/hello_world.srec
4445	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
4446	[file transfer complete]
4447	[connected]
4448	## Start Addr = 0x00040004
4449
4450	=> go 40004 Hello World! This is a test.
4451	## Starting application at 0x00040004 ...
4452	Hello World
4453	argc = 7
4454	argv[0] = "40004"
4455	argv[1] = "Hello"
4456	argv[2] = "World!"
4457	argv[3] = "This"
4458	argv[4] = "is"
4459	argv[5] = "a"
4460	argv[6] = "test."
4461	argv[7] = "<NULL>"
4462	Hit any key to exit ...
4463
4464	## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
4465
4466Another example, which demonstrates how to register a CPM interrupt
4467handler with the U-Boot code, can be found in 'examples/timer.c'.
4468Here, a CPM timer is set up to generate an interrupt every second.
4469The interrupt service routine is trivial, just printing a '.'
4470character, but this is just a demo program. The application can be
4471controlled by the following keys:
4472
4473	? - print current values og the CPM Timer registers
4474	b - enable interrupts and start timer
4475	e - stop timer and disable interrupts
4476	q - quit application
4477
4478	=> loads
4479	## Ready for S-Record download ...
4480	~>examples/timer.srec
4481	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
4482	[file transfer complete]
4483	[connected]
4484	## Start Addr = 0x00040004
4485
4486	=> go 40004
4487	## Starting application at 0x00040004 ...
4488	TIMERS=0xfff00980
4489	Using timer 1
4490	  tgcr @ 0xfff00980, tmr @ 0xfff00990, trr @ 0xfff00994, tcr @ 0xfff00998, tcn @ 0xfff0099c, ter @ 0xfff009b0
4491
4492Hit 'b':
4493	[q, b, e, ?] Set interval 1000000 us
4494	Enabling timer
4495Hit '?':
4496	[q, b, e, ?] ........
4497	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0xef6, ter=0x0
4498Hit '?':
4499	[q, b, e, ?] .
4500	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x2ad4, ter=0x0
4501Hit '?':
4502	[q, b, e, ?] .
4503	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x1efc, ter=0x0
4504Hit '?':
4505	[q, b, e, ?] .
4506	tgcr=0x1, tmr=0xff1c, trr=0x3d09, tcr=0x0, tcn=0x169d, ter=0x0
4507Hit 'e':
4508	[q, b, e, ?] ...Stopping timer
4509Hit 'q':
4510	[q, b, e, ?] ## Application terminated, rc = 0x0
4511
4512
4513Minicom warning:
4514================
4515
4516Over time, many people have reported problems when trying to use the
4517"minicom" terminal emulation program for serial download. I (wd)
4518consider minicom to be broken, and recommend not to use it. Under
4519Unix, I recommend to use C-Kermit for general purpose use (and
4520especially for kermit binary protocol download ("loadb" command), and
4521use "cu" for S-Record download ("loads" command).  See
4522http://www.denx.de/wiki/view/DULG/SystemSetup#Section_4.3.
4523for help with kermit.
4524
4525
4526Nevertheless, if you absolutely want to use it try adding this
4527configuration to your "File transfer protocols" section:
4528
4529	   Name	   Program			Name U/D FullScr IO-Red. Multi
4530	X  kermit  /usr/bin/kermit -i -l %l -s	 Y    U	   Y	   N	  N
4531	Y  kermit  /usr/bin/kermit -i -l %l -r	 N    D	   Y	   N	  N
4532
4533
4534NetBSD Notes:
4535=============
4536
4537Starting at version 0.9.2, U-Boot supports NetBSD both as host
4538(build U-Boot) and target system (boots NetBSD/mpc8xx).
4539
4540Building requires a cross environment; it is known to work on
4541NetBSD/i386 with the cross-powerpc-netbsd-1.3 package (you will also
4542need gmake since the Makefiles are not compatible with BSD make).
4543Note that the cross-powerpc package does not install include files;
4544attempting to build U-Boot will fail because <machine/ansi.h> is
4545missing.  This file has to be installed and patched manually:
4546
4547	# cd /usr/pkg/cross/powerpc-netbsd/include
4548	# mkdir powerpc
4549	# ln -s powerpc machine
4550	# cp /usr/src/sys/arch/powerpc/include/ansi.h powerpc/ansi.h
4551	# ${EDIT} powerpc/ansi.h	## must remove __va_list, _BSD_VA_LIST
4552
4553Native builds *don't* work due to incompatibilities between native
4554and U-Boot include files.
4555
4556Booting assumes that (the first part of) the image booted is a
4557stage-2 loader which in turn loads and then invokes the kernel
4558proper. Loader sources will eventually appear in the NetBSD source
4559tree (probably in sys/arc/mpc8xx/stand/u-boot_stage2/); in the
4560meantime, see ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/ppcboot_stage2.tar.gz
4561
4562
4563Implementation Internals:
4564=========================
4565
4566The following is not intended to be a complete description of every
4567implementation detail. However, it should help to understand the
4568inner workings of U-Boot and make it easier to port it to custom
4569hardware.
4570
4571
4572Initial Stack, Global Data:
4573---------------------------
4574
4575The implementation of U-Boot is complicated by the fact that U-Boot
4576starts running out of ROM (flash memory), usually without access to
4577system RAM (because the memory controller is not initialized yet).
4578This means that we don't have writable Data or BSS segments, and BSS
4579is not initialized as zero. To be able to get a C environment working
4580at all, we have to allocate at least a minimal stack. Implementation
4581options for this are defined and restricted by the CPU used: Some CPU
4582models provide on-chip memory (like the IMMR area on MPC8xx and
4583MPC826x processors), on others (parts of) the data cache can be
4584locked as (mis-) used as memory, etc.
4585
4586	Chris Hallinan posted a good summary of these issues to the
4587	U-Boot mailing list:
4588
4589	Subject: RE: [U-Boot-Users] RE: More On Memory Bank x (nothingness)?
4590	From: "Chris Hallinan" <clh@net1plus.com>
4591	Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 16:43:46 -0500 (22:43 MET)
4592	...
4593
4594	Correct me if I'm wrong, folks, but the way I understand it
4595	is this: Using DCACHE as initial RAM for Stack, etc, does not
4596	require any physical RAM backing up the cache. The cleverness
4597	is that the cache is being used as a temporary supply of
4598	necessary storage before the SDRAM controller is setup. It's
4599	beyond the scope of this list to explain the details, but you
4600	can see how this works by studying the cache architecture and
4601	operation in the architecture and processor-specific manuals.
4602
4603	OCM is On Chip Memory, which I believe the 405GP has 4K. It
4604	is another option for the system designer to use as an
4605	initial stack/RAM area prior to SDRAM being available. Either
4606	option should work for you. Using CS 4 should be fine if your
4607	board designers haven't used it for something that would
4608	cause you grief during the initial boot! It is frequently not
4609	used.
4610
4611	CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR should be somewhere that won't interfere
4612	with your processor/board/system design. The default value
4613	you will find in any recent u-boot distribution in
4614	walnut.h should work for you. I'd set it to a value larger
4615	than your SDRAM module. If you have a 64MB SDRAM module, set
4616	it above 400_0000. Just make sure your board has no resources
4617	that are supposed to respond to that address! That code in
4618	start.S has been around a while and should work as is when
4619	you get the config right.
4620
4621	-Chris Hallinan
4622	DS4.COM, Inc.
4623
4624It is essential to remember this, since it has some impact on the C
4625code for the initialization procedures:
4626
4627* Initialized global data (data segment) is read-only. Do not attempt
4628  to write it.
4629
4630* Do not use any uninitialized global data (or implicitly initialized
4631  as zero data - BSS segment) at all - this is undefined, initiali-
4632  zation is performed later (when relocating to RAM).
4633
4634* Stack space is very limited. Avoid big data buffers or things like
4635  that.
4636
4637Having only the stack as writable memory limits means we cannot use
4638normal global data to share information between the code. But it
4639turned out that the implementation of U-Boot can be greatly
4640simplified by making a global data structure (gd_t) available to all
4641functions. We could pass a pointer to this data as argument to _all_
4642functions, but this would bloat the code. Instead we use a feature of
4643the GCC compiler (Global Register Variables) to share the data: we
4644place a pointer (gd) to the global data into a register which we
4645reserve for this purpose.
4646
4647When choosing a register for such a purpose we are restricted by the
4648relevant  (E)ABI  specifications for the current architecture, and by
4649GCC's implementation.
4650
4651For PowerPC, the following registers have specific use:
4652	R1:	stack pointer
4653	R2:	reserved for system use
4654	R3-R4:	parameter passing and return values
4655	R5-R10: parameter passing
4656	R13:	small data area pointer
4657	R30:	GOT pointer
4658	R31:	frame pointer
4659
4660	(U-Boot also uses R12 as internal GOT pointer. r12
4661	is a volatile register so r12 needs to be reset when
4662	going back and forth between asm and C)
4663
4664    ==> U-Boot will use R2 to hold a pointer to the global data
4665
4666    Note: on PPC, we could use a static initializer (since the
4667    address of the global data structure is known at compile time),
4668    but it turned out that reserving a register results in somewhat
4669    smaller code - although the code savings are not that big (on
4670    average for all boards 752 bytes for the whole U-Boot image,
4671    624 text + 127 data).
4672
4673On ARM, the following registers are used:
4674
4675	R0:	function argument word/integer result
4676	R1-R3:	function argument word
4677	R9:	platform specific
4678	R10:	stack limit (used only if stack checking is enabled)
4679	R11:	argument (frame) pointer
4680	R12:	temporary workspace
4681	R13:	stack pointer
4682	R14:	link register
4683	R15:	program counter
4684
4685    ==> U-Boot will use R9 to hold a pointer to the global data
4686
4687    Note: on ARM, only R_ARM_RELATIVE relocations are supported.
4688
4689On Nios II, the ABI is documented here:
4690	http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2cpu_nii51016.pdf
4691
4692    ==> U-Boot will use gp to hold a pointer to the global data
4693
4694    Note: on Nios II, we give "-G0" option to gcc and don't use gp
4695    to access small data sections, so gp is free.
4696
4697On NDS32, the following registers are used:
4698
4699	R0-R1:	argument/return
4700	R2-R5:	argument
4701	R15:	temporary register for assembler
4702	R16:	trampoline register
4703	R28:	frame pointer (FP)
4704	R29:	global pointer (GP)
4705	R30:	link register (LP)
4706	R31:	stack pointer (SP)
4707	PC:	program counter (PC)
4708
4709    ==> U-Boot will use R10 to hold a pointer to the global data
4710
4711NOTE: DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR must be used with file-global scope,
4712or current versions of GCC may "optimize" the code too much.
4713
4714On RISC-V, the following registers are used:
4715
4716	x0: hard-wired zero (zero)
4717	x1: return address (ra)
4718	x2:	stack pointer (sp)
4719	x3:	global pointer (gp)
4720	x4:	thread pointer (tp)
4721	x5:	link register (t0)
4722	x8:	frame pointer (fp)
4723	x10-x11:	arguments/return values (a0-1)
4724	x12-x17:	arguments (a2-7)
4725	x28-31:	 temporaries (t3-6)
4726	pc:	program counter (pc)
4727
4728    ==> U-Boot will use gp to hold a pointer to the global data
4729
4730Memory Management:
4731------------------
4732
4733U-Boot runs in system state and uses physical addresses, i.e. the
4734MMU is not used either for address mapping nor for memory protection.
4735
4736The available memory is mapped to fixed addresses using the memory
4737controller. In this process, a contiguous block is formed for each
4738memory type (Flash, SDRAM, SRAM), even when it consists of several
4739physical memory banks.
4740
4741U-Boot is installed in the first 128 kB of the first Flash bank (on
4742TQM8xxL modules this is the range 0x40000000 ... 0x4001FFFF). After
4743booting and sizing and initializing DRAM, the code relocates itself
4744to the upper end of DRAM. Immediately below the U-Boot code some
4745memory is reserved for use by malloc() [see CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN
4746configuration setting]. Below that, a structure with global Board
4747Info data is placed, followed by the stack (growing downward).
4748
4749Additionally, some exception handler code is copied to the low 8 kB
4750of DRAM (0x00000000 ... 0x00001FFF).
4751
4752So a typical memory configuration with 16 MB of DRAM could look like
4753this:
4754
4755	0x0000 0000	Exception Vector code
4756	      :
4757	0x0000 1FFF
4758	0x0000 2000	Free for Application Use
4759	      :
4760	      :
4761
4762	      :
4763	      :
4764	0x00FB FF20	Monitor Stack (Growing downward)
4765	0x00FB FFAC	Board Info Data and permanent copy of global data
4766	0x00FC 0000	Malloc Arena
4767	      :
4768	0x00FD FFFF
4769	0x00FE 0000	RAM Copy of Monitor Code
4770	...		eventually: LCD or video framebuffer
4771	...		eventually: pRAM (Protected RAM - unchanged by reset)
4772	0x00FF FFFF	[End of RAM]
4773
4774
4775System Initialization:
4776----------------------
4777
4778In the reset configuration, U-Boot starts at the reset entry point
4779(on most PowerPC systems at address 0x00000100). Because of the reset
4780configuration for CS0# this is a mirror of the on board Flash memory.
4781To be able to re-map memory U-Boot then jumps to its link address.
4782To be able to implement the initialization code in C, a (small!)
4783initial stack is set up in the internal Dual Ported RAM (in case CPUs
4784which provide such a feature like), or in a locked part of the data
4785cache. After that, U-Boot initializes the CPU core, the caches and
4786the SIU.
4787
4788Next, all (potentially) available memory banks are mapped using a
4789preliminary mapping. For example, we put them on 512 MB boundaries
4790(multiples of 0x20000000: SDRAM on 0x00000000 and 0x20000000, Flash
4791on 0x40000000 and 0x60000000, SRAM on 0x80000000). Then UPM A is
4792programmed for SDRAM access. Using the temporary configuration, a
4793simple memory test is run that determines the size of the SDRAM
4794banks.
4795
4796When there is more than one SDRAM bank, and the banks are of
4797different size, the largest is mapped first. For equal size, the first
4798bank (CS2#) is mapped first. The first mapping is always for address
47990x00000000, with any additional banks following immediately to create
4800contiguous memory starting from 0.
4801
4802Then, the monitor installs itself at the upper end of the SDRAM area
4803and allocates memory for use by malloc() and for the global Board
4804Info data; also, the exception vector code is copied to the low RAM
4805pages, and the final stack is set up.
4806
4807Only after this relocation will you have a "normal" C environment;
4808until that you are restricted in several ways, mostly because you are
4809running from ROM, and because the code will have to be relocated to a
4810new address in RAM.
4811
4812
4813U-Boot Porting Guide:
4814----------------------
4815
4816[Based on messages by Jerry Van Baren in the U-Boot-Users mailing
4817list, October 2002]
4818
4819
4820int main(int argc, char *argv[])
4821{
4822	sighandler_t no_more_time;
4823
4824	signal(SIGALRM, no_more_time);
4825	alarm(PROJECT_DEADLINE - toSec (3 * WEEK));
4826
4827	if (available_money > available_manpower) {
4828		Pay consultant to port U-Boot;
4829		return 0;
4830	}
4831
4832	Download latest U-Boot source;
4833
4834	Subscribe to u-boot mailing list;
4835
4836	if (clueless)
4837		email("Hi, I am new to U-Boot, how do I get started?");
4838
4839	while (learning) {
4840		Read the README file in the top level directory;
4841		Read http://www.denx.de/twiki/bin/view/DULG/Manual;
4842		Read applicable doc/*.README;
4843		Read the source, Luke;
4844		/* find . -name "*.[chS]" | xargs grep -i <keyword> */
4845	}
4846
4847	if (available_money > toLocalCurrency ($2500))
4848		Buy a BDI3000;
4849	else
4850		Add a lot of aggravation and time;
4851
4852	if (a similar board exists) {	/* hopefully... */
4853		cp -a board/<similar> board/<myboard>
4854		cp include/configs/<similar>.h include/configs/<myboard>.h
4855	} else {
4856		Create your own board support subdirectory;
4857		Create your own board include/configs/<myboard>.h file;
4858	}
4859	Edit new board/<myboard> files
4860	Edit new include/configs/<myboard>.h
4861
4862	while (!accepted) {
4863		while (!running) {
4864			do {
4865				Add / modify source code;
4866			} until (compiles);
4867			Debug;
4868			if (clueless)
4869				email("Hi, I am having problems...");
4870		}
4871		Send patch file to the U-Boot email list;
4872		if (reasonable critiques)
4873			Incorporate improvements from email list code review;
4874		else
4875			Defend code as written;
4876	}
4877
4878	return 0;
4879}
4880
4881void no_more_time (int sig)
4882{
4883      hire_a_guru();
4884}
4885
4886
4887Coding Standards:
4888-----------------
4889
4890All contributions to U-Boot should conform to the Linux kernel
4891coding style; see the kernel coding style guide at
4892https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/coding-style.html, and the
4893script "scripts/Lindent" in your Linux kernel source directory.
4894
4895Source files originating from a different project (for example the
4896MTD subsystem) are generally exempt from these guidelines and are not
4897reformatted to ease subsequent migration to newer versions of those
4898sources.
4899
4900Please note that U-Boot is implemented in C (and to some small parts in
4901Assembler); no C++ is used, so please do not use C++ style comments (//)
4902in your code.
4903
4904Please also stick to the following formatting rules:
4905- remove any trailing white space
4906- use TAB characters for indentation and vertical alignment, not spaces
4907- make sure NOT to use DOS '\r\n' line feeds
4908- do not add more than 2 consecutive empty lines to source files
4909- do not add trailing empty lines to source files
4910
4911Submissions which do not conform to the standards may be returned
4912with a request to reformat the changes.
4913
4914
4915Submitting Patches:
4916-------------------
4917
4918Since the number of patches for U-Boot is growing, we need to
4919establish some rules. Submissions which do not conform to these rules
4920may be rejected, even when they contain important and valuable stuff.
4921
4922Please see http://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot/Patches for details.
4923
4924Patches shall be sent to the u-boot mailing list <u-boot@lists.denx.de>;
4925see https://lists.denx.de/listinfo/u-boot
4926
4927When you send a patch, please include the following information with
4928it:
4929
4930* For bug fixes: a description of the bug and how your patch fixes
4931  this bug. Please try to include a way of demonstrating that the
4932  patch actually fixes something.
4933
4934* For new features: a description of the feature and your
4935  implementation.
4936
4937* A CHANGELOG entry as plaintext (separate from the patch)
4938
4939* For major contributions, add a MAINTAINERS file with your
4940  information and associated file and directory references.
4941
4942* When you add support for a new board, don't forget to add a
4943  maintainer e-mail address to the boards.cfg file, too.
4944
4945* If your patch adds new configuration options, don't forget to
4946  document these in the README file.
4947
4948* The patch itself. If you are using git (which is *strongly*
4949  recommended) you can easily generate the patch using the
4950  "git format-patch". If you then use "git send-email" to send it to
4951  the U-Boot mailing list, you will avoid most of the common problems
4952  with some other mail clients.
4953
4954  If you cannot use git, use "diff -purN OLD NEW". If your version of
4955  diff does not support these options, then get the latest version of
4956  GNU diff.
4957
4958  The current directory when running this command shall be the parent
4959  directory of the U-Boot source tree (i. e. please make sure that
4960  your patch includes sufficient directory information for the
4961  affected files).
4962
4963  We prefer patches as plain text. MIME attachments are discouraged,
4964  and compressed attachments must not be used.
4965
4966* If one logical set of modifications affects or creates several
4967  files, all these changes shall be submitted in a SINGLE patch file.
4968
4969* Changesets that contain different, unrelated modifications shall be
4970  submitted as SEPARATE patches, one patch per changeset.
4971
4972
4973Notes:
4974
4975* Before sending the patch, run the buildman script on your patched
4976  source tree and make sure that no errors or warnings are reported
4977  for any of the boards.
4978
4979* Keep your modifications to the necessary minimum: A patch
4980  containing several unrelated changes or arbitrary reformats will be
4981  returned with a request to re-formatting / split it.
4982
4983* If you modify existing code, make sure that your new code does not
4984  add to the memory footprint of the code ;-) Small is beautiful!
4985  When adding new features, these should compile conditionally only
4986  (using #ifdef), and the resulting code with the new feature
4987  disabled must not need more memory than the old code without your
4988  modification.
4989
4990* Remember that there is a size limit of 100 kB per message on the
4991  u-boot mailing list. Bigger patches will be moderated. If they are
4992  reasonable and not too big, they will be acknowledged. But patches
4993  bigger than the size limit should be avoided.
4994