1 /*
2  * turbostat -- show CPU frequency and C-state residency
3  * on modern Intel turbo-capable processors.
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 2013 Intel Corporation.
6  * Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
7  *
8  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9  * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
10  * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
11  *
12  * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
13  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
14  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
15  * more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
18  * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
19  * 51 Franklin St - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20  */
21 
22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
23 #include MSRHEADER
24 #include INTEL_FAMILY_HEADER
25 #include <stdarg.h>
26 #include <stdio.h>
27 #include <err.h>
28 #include <unistd.h>
29 #include <sys/types.h>
30 #include <sys/wait.h>
31 #include <sys/stat.h>
32 #include <sys/resource.h>
33 #include <fcntl.h>
34 #include <signal.h>
35 #include <sys/time.h>
36 #include <stdlib.h>
37 #include <getopt.h>
38 #include <dirent.h>
39 #include <string.h>
40 #include <ctype.h>
41 #include <sched.h>
42 #include <time.h>
43 #include <cpuid.h>
44 #include <linux/capability.h>
45 #include <errno.h>
46 
47 char *proc_stat = "/proc/stat";
48 FILE *outf;
49 int *fd_percpu;
50 struct timespec interval_ts = {5, 0};
51 unsigned int debug;
52 unsigned int rapl_joules;
53 unsigned int summary_only;
54 unsigned int dump_only;
55 unsigned int do_snb_cstates;
56 unsigned int do_knl_cstates;
57 unsigned int do_pc2;
58 unsigned int do_pc3;
59 unsigned int do_pc6;
60 unsigned int do_pc7;
61 unsigned int do_c8_c9_c10;
62 unsigned int do_skl_residency;
63 unsigned int do_slm_cstates;
64 unsigned int use_c1_residency_msr;
65 unsigned int has_aperf;
66 unsigned int has_epb;
67 unsigned int do_irtl_snb;
68 unsigned int do_irtl_hsw;
69 unsigned int units = 1000000;	/* MHz etc */
70 unsigned int genuine_intel;
71 unsigned int has_invariant_tsc;
72 unsigned int do_nhm_platform_info;
73 unsigned int no_MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT;
74 unsigned int aperf_mperf_multiplier = 1;
75 double bclk;
76 double base_hz;
77 unsigned int has_base_hz;
78 double tsc_tweak = 1.0;
79 unsigned int show_pkg_only;
80 unsigned int show_core_only;
81 char *output_buffer, *outp;
82 unsigned int do_rapl;
83 unsigned int do_dts;
84 unsigned int do_ptm;
85 unsigned long long  gfx_cur_rc6_ms;
86 unsigned int gfx_cur_mhz;
87 unsigned int tcc_activation_temp;
88 unsigned int tcc_activation_temp_override;
89 double rapl_power_units, rapl_time_units;
90 double rapl_dram_energy_units, rapl_energy_units;
91 double rapl_joule_counter_range;
92 unsigned int do_core_perf_limit_reasons;
93 unsigned int do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons;
94 unsigned int do_ring_perf_limit_reasons;
95 unsigned int crystal_hz;
96 unsigned long long tsc_hz;
97 int base_cpu;
98 double discover_bclk(unsigned int family, unsigned int model);
99 unsigned int has_hwp;	/* IA32_PM_ENABLE, IA32_HWP_CAPABILITIES */
100 			/* IA32_HWP_REQUEST, IA32_HWP_STATUS */
101 unsigned int has_hwp_notify;		/* IA32_HWP_INTERRUPT */
102 unsigned int has_hwp_activity_window;	/* IA32_HWP_REQUEST[bits 41:32] */
103 unsigned int has_hwp_epp;		/* IA32_HWP_REQUEST[bits 31:24] */
104 unsigned int has_hwp_pkg;		/* IA32_HWP_REQUEST_PKG */
105 unsigned int has_misc_feature_control;
106 
107 #define RAPL_PKG		(1 << 0)
108 					/* 0x610 MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT */
109 					/* 0x611 MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS */
110 #define RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS	(1 << 1)
111 					/* 0x613 MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS */
112 #define RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO	(1 << 2)
113 					/* 0x614 MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO */
114 
115 #define RAPL_DRAM		(1 << 3)
116 					/* 0x618 MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT */
117 					/* 0x619 MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS */
118 #define RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS	(1 << 4)
119 					/* 0x61b MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS */
120 #define RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO	(1 << 5)
121 					/* 0x61c MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO */
122 
123 #define RAPL_CORES_POWER_LIMIT	(1 << 6)
124 					/* 0x638 MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT */
125 #define RAPL_CORE_POLICY	(1 << 7)
126 					/* 0x63a MSR_PP0_POLICY */
127 
128 #define RAPL_GFX		(1 << 8)
129 					/* 0x640 MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT */
130 					/* 0x641 MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS */
131 					/* 0x642 MSR_PP1_POLICY */
132 
133 #define RAPL_CORES_ENERGY_STATUS	(1 << 9)
134 					/* 0x639 MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS */
135 #define RAPL_CORES (RAPL_CORES_ENERGY_STATUS | RAPL_CORES_POWER_LIMIT)
136 #define	TJMAX_DEFAULT	100
137 
138 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
139 
140 /*
141  * buffer size used by sscanf() for added column names
142  * Usually truncated to 7 characters, but also handles 18 columns for raw 64-bit counters
143  */
144 #define	NAME_BYTES 20
145 
146 int backwards_count;
147 char *progname;
148 
149 cpu_set_t *cpu_present_set, *cpu_affinity_set;
150 size_t cpu_present_setsize, cpu_affinity_setsize;
151 #define MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS 16
152 
153 struct thread_data {
154 	unsigned long long tsc;
155 	unsigned long long aperf;
156 	unsigned long long mperf;
157 	unsigned long long c1;
158 	unsigned int irq_count;
159 	unsigned int smi_count;
160 	unsigned int cpu_id;
161 	unsigned int flags;
162 #define CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE	0x2
163 #define CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE	0x4
164 	unsigned long long counter[MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS];
165 } *thread_even, *thread_odd;
166 
167 struct core_data {
168 	unsigned long long c3;
169 	unsigned long long c6;
170 	unsigned long long c7;
171 	unsigned long long mc6_us;	/* duplicate as per-core for now, even though per module */
172 	unsigned int core_temp_c;
173 	unsigned int core_id;
174 	unsigned long long counter[MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS];
175 } *core_even, *core_odd;
176 
177 struct pkg_data {
178 	unsigned long long pc2;
179 	unsigned long long pc3;
180 	unsigned long long pc6;
181 	unsigned long long pc7;
182 	unsigned long long pc8;
183 	unsigned long long pc9;
184 	unsigned long long pc10;
185 	unsigned long long pkg_wtd_core_c0;
186 	unsigned long long pkg_any_core_c0;
187 	unsigned long long pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
188 	unsigned long long pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
189 	long long gfx_rc6_ms;
190 	unsigned int gfx_mhz;
191 	unsigned int package_id;
192 	unsigned int energy_pkg;	/* MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS */
193 	unsigned int energy_dram;	/* MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS */
194 	unsigned int energy_cores;	/* MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS */
195 	unsigned int energy_gfx;	/* MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS */
196 	unsigned int rapl_pkg_perf_status;	/* MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS */
197 	unsigned int rapl_dram_perf_status;	/* MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS */
198 	unsigned int pkg_temp_c;
199 	unsigned long long counter[MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS];
200 } *package_even, *package_odd;
201 
202 #define ODD_COUNTERS thread_odd, core_odd, package_odd
203 #define EVEN_COUNTERS thread_even, core_even, package_even
204 
205 #define GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no) \
206 	(thread_base + (pkg_no) * topo.num_cores_per_pkg * \
207 		topo.num_threads_per_core + \
208 		(core_no) * topo.num_threads_per_core + (thread_no))
209 #define GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no) \
210 	(core_base + (pkg_no) * topo.num_cores_per_pkg + (core_no))
211 #define GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no) (pkg_base + pkg_no)
212 
213 enum counter_scope {SCOPE_CPU, SCOPE_CORE, SCOPE_PACKAGE};
214 enum counter_type {COUNTER_CYCLES, COUNTER_SECONDS};
215 enum counter_format {FORMAT_RAW, FORMAT_DELTA, FORMAT_PERCENT};
216 
217 struct msr_counter {
218 	unsigned int msr_num;
219 	char name[NAME_BYTES];
220 	unsigned int width;
221 	enum counter_type type;
222 	enum counter_format format;
223 	struct msr_counter *next;
224 	unsigned int flags;
225 #define	FLAGS_HIDE	(1 << 0)
226 #define	FLAGS_SHOW	(1 << 1)
227 };
228 
229 struct sys_counters {
230 	unsigned int added_thread_counters;
231 	unsigned int added_core_counters;
232 	unsigned int added_package_counters;
233 	struct msr_counter *tp;
234 	struct msr_counter *cp;
235 	struct msr_counter *pp;
236 } sys;
237 
238 struct system_summary {
239 	struct thread_data threads;
240 	struct core_data cores;
241 	struct pkg_data packages;
242 } average;
243 
244 
245 struct topo_params {
246 	int num_packages;
247 	int num_cpus;
248 	int num_cores;
249 	int max_cpu_num;
250 	int num_cores_per_pkg;
251 	int num_threads_per_core;
252 } topo;
253 
254 struct timeval tv_even, tv_odd, tv_delta;
255 
256 int *irq_column_2_cpu;	/* /proc/interrupts column numbers */
257 int *irqs_per_cpu;		/* indexed by cpu_num */
258 
259 void setup_all_buffers(void);
260 
261 int cpu_is_not_present(int cpu)
262 {
263 	return !CPU_ISSET_S(cpu, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
264 }
265 /*
266  * run func(thread, core, package) in topology order
267  * skip non-present cpus
268  */
269 
270 int for_all_cpus(int (func)(struct thread_data *, struct core_data *, struct pkg_data *),
271 	struct thread_data *thread_base, struct core_data *core_base, struct pkg_data *pkg_base)
272 {
273 	int retval, pkg_no, core_no, thread_no;
274 
275 	for (pkg_no = 0; pkg_no < topo.num_packages; ++pkg_no) {
276 		for (core_no = 0; core_no < topo.num_cores_per_pkg; ++core_no) {
277 			for (thread_no = 0; thread_no <
278 				topo.num_threads_per_core; ++thread_no) {
279 				struct thread_data *t;
280 				struct core_data *c;
281 				struct pkg_data *p;
282 
283 				t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
284 
285 				if (cpu_is_not_present(t->cpu_id))
286 					continue;
287 
288 				c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no);
289 				p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no);
290 
291 				retval = func(t, c, p);
292 				if (retval)
293 					return retval;
294 			}
295 		}
296 	}
297 	return 0;
298 }
299 
300 int cpu_migrate(int cpu)
301 {
302 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
303 	CPU_SET_S(cpu, cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
304 	if (sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set) == -1)
305 		return -1;
306 	else
307 		return 0;
308 }
309 int get_msr_fd(int cpu)
310 {
311 	char pathname[32];
312 	int fd;
313 
314 	fd = fd_percpu[cpu];
315 
316 	if (fd)
317 		return fd;
318 
319 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", cpu);
320 	fd = open(pathname, O_RDONLY);
321 	if (fd < 0)
322 		err(-1, "%s open failed, try chown or chmod +r /dev/cpu/*/msr, or run as root", pathname);
323 
324 	fd_percpu[cpu] = fd;
325 
326 	return fd;
327 }
328 
329 int get_msr(int cpu, off_t offset, unsigned long long *msr)
330 {
331 	ssize_t retval;
332 
333 	retval = pread(get_msr_fd(cpu), msr, sizeof(*msr), offset);
334 
335 	if (retval != sizeof *msr)
336 		err(-1, "cpu%d: msr offset 0x%llx read failed", cpu, (unsigned long long)offset);
337 
338 	return 0;
339 }
340 
341 /*
342  * Each string in this array is compared in --show and --hide cmdline.
343  * Thus, strings that are proper sub-sets must follow their more specific peers.
344  */
345 struct msr_counter bic[] = {
346 	{ 0x0, "Package" },
347 	{ 0x0, "Avg_MHz" },
348 	{ 0x0, "Bzy_MHz" },
349 	{ 0x0, "TSC_MHz" },
350 	{ 0x0, "IRQ" },
351 	{ 0x0, "SMI", 32, 0, FORMAT_DELTA, NULL},
352 	{ 0x0, "Busy%" },
353 	{ 0x0, "CPU%c1" },
354 	{ 0x0, "CPU%c3" },
355 	{ 0x0, "CPU%c6" },
356 	{ 0x0, "CPU%c7" },
357 	{ 0x0, "ThreadC" },
358 	{ 0x0, "CoreTmp" },
359 	{ 0x0, "CoreCnt" },
360 	{ 0x0, "PkgTmp" },
361 	{ 0x0, "GFX%rc6" },
362 	{ 0x0, "GFXMHz" },
363 	{ 0x0, "Pkg%pc2" },
364 	{ 0x0, "Pkg%pc3" },
365 	{ 0x0, "Pkg%pc6" },
366 	{ 0x0, "Pkg%pc7" },
367 	{ 0x0, "PkgWatt" },
368 	{ 0x0, "CorWatt" },
369 	{ 0x0, "GFXWatt" },
370 	{ 0x0, "PkgCnt" },
371 	{ 0x0, "RAMWatt" },
372 	{ 0x0, "PKG_%" },
373 	{ 0x0, "RAM_%" },
374 	{ 0x0, "Pkg_J" },
375 	{ 0x0, "Cor_J" },
376 	{ 0x0, "GFX_J" },
377 	{ 0x0, "RAM_J" },
378 	{ 0x0, "Core" },
379 	{ 0x0, "CPU" },
380 	{ 0x0, "Mod%c6" },
381 };
382 
383 #define MAX_BIC (sizeof(bic) / sizeof(struct msr_counter))
384 #define	BIC_Package	(1ULL << 0)
385 #define	BIC_Avg_MHz	(1ULL << 1)
386 #define	BIC_Bzy_MHz	(1ULL << 2)
387 #define	BIC_TSC_MHz	(1ULL << 3)
388 #define	BIC_IRQ		(1ULL << 4)
389 #define	BIC_SMI		(1ULL << 5)
390 #define	BIC_Busy	(1ULL << 6)
391 #define	BIC_CPU_c1	(1ULL << 7)
392 #define	BIC_CPU_c3	(1ULL << 8)
393 #define	BIC_CPU_c6	(1ULL << 9)
394 #define	BIC_CPU_c7	(1ULL << 10)
395 #define	BIC_ThreadC	(1ULL << 11)
396 #define	BIC_CoreTmp	(1ULL << 12)
397 #define	BIC_CoreCnt	(1ULL << 13)
398 #define	BIC_PkgTmp	(1ULL << 14)
399 #define	BIC_GFX_rc6	(1ULL << 15)
400 #define	BIC_GFXMHz	(1ULL << 16)
401 #define	BIC_Pkgpc2	(1ULL << 17)
402 #define	BIC_Pkgpc3	(1ULL << 18)
403 #define	BIC_Pkgpc6	(1ULL << 19)
404 #define	BIC_Pkgpc7	(1ULL << 20)
405 #define	BIC_PkgWatt	(1ULL << 21)
406 #define	BIC_CorWatt	(1ULL << 22)
407 #define	BIC_GFXWatt	(1ULL << 23)
408 #define	BIC_PkgCnt	(1ULL << 24)
409 #define	BIC_RAMWatt	(1ULL << 27)
410 #define	BIC_PKG__	(1ULL << 28)
411 #define	BIC_RAM__	(1ULL << 29)
412 #define	BIC_Pkg_J	(1ULL << 30)
413 #define	BIC_Cor_J	(1ULL << 31)
414 #define	BIC_GFX_J	(1ULL << 30)
415 #define	BIC_RAM_J	(1ULL << 31)
416 #define	BIC_Core	(1ULL << 32)
417 #define	BIC_CPU		(1ULL << 33)
418 #define	BIC_Mod_c6	(1ULL << 34)
419 
420 unsigned long long bic_enabled = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
421 unsigned long long bic_present;
422 
423 #define DO_BIC(COUNTER_NAME) (bic_enabled & bic_present & COUNTER_NAME)
424 #define BIC_PRESENT(COUNTER_BIT) (bic_present |= COUNTER_BIT)
425 
426 /*
427  * bic_lookup
428  * for all the strings in comma separate name_list,
429  * set the approprate bit in return value.
430  */
431 unsigned long long bic_lookup(char *name_list)
432 {
433 	int i;
434 	unsigned long long retval = 0;
435 
436 	while (name_list) {
437 		char *comma;
438 
439 		comma = strchr(name_list, ',');
440 
441 		if (comma)
442 			*comma = '\0';
443 
444 		for (i = 0; i < MAX_BIC; ++i) {
445 			if (!strcmp(name_list, bic[i].name)) {
446 				retval |= (1ULL << i);
447 				break;
448 			}
449 		}
450 		if (i == MAX_BIC) {
451 			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid counter name: %s\n", name_list);
452 			exit(-1);
453 		}
454 
455 		name_list = comma;
456 		if (name_list)
457 			name_list++;
458 
459 	}
460 	return retval;
461 }
462 
463 void print_header(void)
464 {
465 	struct msr_counter *mp;
466 
467 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Package))
468 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPackage");
469 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Core))
470 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCore");
471 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU))
472 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU");
473 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Avg_MHz))
474 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tAvg_MHz");
475 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Busy))
476 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tBusy%%");
477 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Bzy_MHz))
478 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tBzy_MHz");
479 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_TSC_MHz))
480 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tTSC_MHz");
481 
482 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
483 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tIRQ");
484 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI))
485 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tSMI");
486 
487 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c1))
488 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU%%c1");
489 
490 	for (mp = sys.tp; mp; mp = mp->next) {
491 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
492 			if (mp->width == 64)
493 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%18.18s", mp->name);
494 			else
495 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%10.10s", mp->name);
496 		} else {
497 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%-7.7s", mp->name);
498 		}
499 	}
500 
501 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c3) && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates)
502 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU%%c3");
503 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c6))
504 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU%%c6");
505 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c7))
506 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU%%c7");
507 
508 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Mod_c6))
509 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tMod%%c6");
510 
511 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CoreTmp))
512 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCoreTmp");
513 
514 	for (mp = sys.cp; mp; mp = mp->next) {
515 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
516 			if (mp->width == 64)
517 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%18.18s", mp->name);
518 			else
519 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%10.10s", mp->name);
520 		} else {
521 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%-7.7s", mp->name);
522 		}
523 	}
524 
525 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgTmp))
526 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkgTmp");
527 
528 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_rc6))
529 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFX%%rc6");
530 
531 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXMHz))
532 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFXMHz");
533 
534 	if (do_skl_residency) {
535 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tTotl%%C0");
536 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tAny%%C0");
537 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFX%%C0");
538 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPUGFX%%");
539 	}
540 
541 	if (do_pc2)
542 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc2");
543 	if (do_pc3)
544 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc3");
545 	if (do_pc6)
546 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc6");
547 	if (do_pc7)
548 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc7");
549 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
550 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc8");
551 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc9");
552 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPk%%pc10");
553 	}
554 
555 	if (do_rapl && !rapl_joules) {
556 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgWatt))
557 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkgWatt");
558 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_CorWatt))
559 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCorWatt");
560 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXWatt))
561 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFXWatt");
562 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAMWatt))
563 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tRAMWatt");
564 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_PKG__))
565 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPKG_%%");
566 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM__))
567 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tRAM_%%");
568 	} else if (do_rapl && rapl_joules) {
569 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Pkg_J))
570 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg_J");
571 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Cor_J))
572 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCor_J");
573 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_J))
574 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFX_J");
575 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM_J))
576 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tRAM_J");
577 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_PKG__))
578 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPKG_%%");
579 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM__))
580 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tRAM_%%");
581 	}
582 	for (mp = sys.pp; mp; mp = mp->next) {
583 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
584 			if (mp->width == 64)
585 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%18.18s", mp->name);
586 			else
587 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%10.10s", mp->name);
588 		} else {
589 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%-7.7s", mp->name);
590 		}
591 	}
592 
593 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
594 }
595 
596 int dump_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
597 	struct pkg_data *p)
598 {
599 	int i;
600 	struct msr_counter *mp;
601 
602 	outp += sprintf(outp, "t %p, c %p, p %p\n", t, c, p);
603 
604 	if (t) {
605 		outp += sprintf(outp, "CPU: %d flags 0x%x\n",
606 			t->cpu_id, t->flags);
607 		outp += sprintf(outp, "TSC: %016llX\n", t->tsc);
608 		outp += sprintf(outp, "aperf: %016llX\n", t->aperf);
609 		outp += sprintf(outp, "mperf: %016llX\n", t->mperf);
610 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c1: %016llX\n", t->c1);
611 
612 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
613 			outp += sprintf(outp, "IRQ: %08X\n", t->irq_count);
614 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI))
615 			outp += sprintf(outp, "SMI: %08X\n", t->smi_count);
616 
617 		for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
618 			outp += sprintf(outp, "tADDED [%d] msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
619 				i, mp->msr_num, t->counter[i]);
620 		}
621 	}
622 
623 	if (c) {
624 		outp += sprintf(outp, "core: %d\n", c->core_id);
625 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c3: %016llX\n", c->c3);
626 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c6: %016llX\n", c->c6);
627 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c7: %016llX\n", c->c7);
628 		outp += sprintf(outp, "DTS: %dC\n", c->core_temp_c);
629 
630 		for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
631 			outp += sprintf(outp, "cADDED [%d] msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
632 				i, mp->msr_num, c->counter[i]);
633 		}
634 		outp += sprintf(outp, "mc6_us: %016llX\n", c->mc6_us);
635 	}
636 
637 	if (p) {
638 		outp += sprintf(outp, "package: %d\n", p->package_id);
639 
640 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Weighted cores: %016llX\n", p->pkg_wtd_core_c0);
641 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Any cores: %016llX\n", p->pkg_any_core_c0);
642 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Any GFX: %016llX\n", p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0);
643 		outp += sprintf(outp, "CPU + GFX: %016llX\n", p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0);
644 
645 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc2: %016llX\n", p->pc2);
646 		if (do_pc3)
647 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc3: %016llX\n", p->pc3);
648 		if (do_pc6)
649 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc6: %016llX\n", p->pc6);
650 		if (do_pc7)
651 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc7: %016llX\n", p->pc7);
652 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc8: %016llX\n", p->pc8);
653 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc9: %016llX\n", p->pc9);
654 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc10: %016llX\n", p->pc10);
655 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules PKG: %0X\n", p->energy_pkg);
656 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules COR: %0X\n", p->energy_cores);
657 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules GFX: %0X\n", p->energy_gfx);
658 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules RAM: %0X\n", p->energy_dram);
659 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Throttle PKG: %0X\n",
660 			p->rapl_pkg_perf_status);
661 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Throttle RAM: %0X\n",
662 			p->rapl_dram_perf_status);
663 		outp += sprintf(outp, "PTM: %dC\n", p->pkg_temp_c);
664 
665 		for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
666 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pADDED [%d] msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
667 				i, mp->msr_num, p->counter[i]);
668 		}
669 	}
670 
671 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
672 
673 	return 0;
674 }
675 
676 /*
677  * column formatting convention & formats
678  */
679 int format_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
680 	struct pkg_data *p)
681 {
682 	double interval_float;
683 	char *fmt8;
684 	int i;
685 	struct msr_counter *mp;
686 
687 	 /* if showing only 1st thread in core and this isn't one, bail out */
688 	if (show_core_only && !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
689 		return 0;
690 
691 	 /* if showing only 1st thread in pkg and this isn't one, bail out */
692 	if (show_pkg_only && !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
693 		return 0;
694 
695 	interval_float = tv_delta.tv_sec + tv_delta.tv_usec/1000000.0;
696 
697 	/* topo columns, print blanks on 1st (average) line */
698 	if (t == &average.threads) {
699 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Package))
700 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
701 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Core))
702 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
703 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU))
704 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
705 	} else {
706 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Package)) {
707 			if (p)
708 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", p->package_id);
709 			else
710 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
711 		}
712 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Core)) {
713 			if (c)
714 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", c->core_id);
715 			else
716 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
717 		}
718 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU))
719 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", t->cpu_id);
720 	}
721 
722 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Avg_MHz))
723 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.0f",
724 			1.0 / units * t->aperf / interval_float);
725 
726 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Busy))
727 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * t->mperf/t->tsc/tsc_tweak);
728 
729 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Bzy_MHz)) {
730 		if (has_base_hz)
731 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.0f", base_hz / units * t->aperf / t->mperf);
732 		else
733 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.0f",
734 				1.0 * t->tsc / units * t->aperf / t->mperf / interval_float);
735 	}
736 
737 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_TSC_MHz))
738 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.0f", 1.0 * t->tsc/units/interval_float);
739 
740 	/* IRQ */
741 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
742 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", t->irq_count);
743 
744 	/* SMI */
745 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI))
746 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", t->smi_count);
747 
748 	/* C1 */
749 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c1))
750 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * t->c1/t->tsc);
751 
752 	/* Added counters */
753 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
754 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
755 			if (mp->width == 32)
756 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%08lx", (unsigned long) t->counter[i]);
757 			else
758 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%016llx", t->counter[i]);
759 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_DELTA) {
760 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%lld", t->counter[i]);
761 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_PERCENT) {
762 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * t->counter[i]/t->tsc);
763 		}
764 	}
765 
766 	/* print per-core data only for 1st thread in core */
767 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
768 		goto done;
769 
770 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c3) && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates)
771 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->c3/t->tsc);
772 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c6))
773 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->c6/t->tsc);
774 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c7))
775 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->c7/t->tsc);
776 
777 	/* Mod%c6 */
778 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Mod_c6))
779 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->mc6_us / t->tsc);
780 
781 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CoreTmp))
782 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", c->core_temp_c);
783 
784 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
785 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
786 			if (mp->width == 32)
787 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%08lx", (unsigned long) c->counter[i]);
788 			else
789 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%016llx", c->counter[i]);
790 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_DELTA) {
791 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%lld", c->counter[i]);
792 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_PERCENT) {
793 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->counter[i]/t->tsc);
794 		}
795 	}
796 
797 	/* print per-package data only for 1st core in package */
798 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
799 		goto done;
800 
801 	/* PkgTmp */
802 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgTmp))
803 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", p->pkg_temp_c);
804 
805 	/* GFXrc6 */
806 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_rc6)) {
807 		if (p->gfx_rc6_ms == -1) {	/* detect GFX counter reset */
808 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t**.**");
809 		} else {
810 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f",
811 				p->gfx_rc6_ms / 10.0 / interval_float);
812 		}
813 	}
814 
815 	/* GFXMHz */
816 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXMHz))
817 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", p->gfx_mhz);
818 
819 	/* Totl%C0, Any%C0 GFX%C0 CPUGFX% */
820 	if (do_skl_residency) {
821 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_wtd_core_c0/t->tsc);
822 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_any_core_c0/t->tsc);
823 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0/t->tsc);
824 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0/t->tsc);
825 	}
826 
827 	if (do_pc2)
828 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc2/t->tsc);
829 	if (do_pc3)
830 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc3/t->tsc);
831 	if (do_pc6)
832 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc6/t->tsc);
833 	if (do_pc7)
834 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc7/t->tsc);
835 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
836 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc8/t->tsc);
837 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc9/t->tsc);
838 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc10/t->tsc);
839 	}
840 
841 	/*
842  	 * If measurement interval exceeds minimum RAPL Joule Counter range,
843  	 * indicate that results are suspect by printing "**" in fraction place.
844  	 */
845 	if (interval_float < rapl_joule_counter_range)
846 		fmt8 = "\t%.2f";
847 	else
848 		fmt8 = "%6.0f**";
849 
850 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgWatt))
851 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_pkg * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
852 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CorWatt))
853 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_cores * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
854 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXWatt))
855 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_gfx * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
856 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAMWatt))
857 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_dram * rapl_dram_energy_units / interval_float);
858 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Pkg_J))
859 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_pkg * rapl_energy_units);
860 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Cor_J))
861 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_cores * rapl_energy_units);
862 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_J))
863 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_gfx * rapl_energy_units);
864 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM_J))
865 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_dram * rapl_dram_energy_units);
866 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PKG__))
867 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, 100.0 * p->rapl_pkg_perf_status * rapl_time_units / interval_float);
868 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM__))
869 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, 100.0 * p->rapl_dram_perf_status * rapl_time_units / interval_float);
870 
871 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
872 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
873 			if (mp->width == 32)
874 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%08lx", (unsigned long) p->counter[i]);
875 			else
876 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%016llx", p->counter[i]);
877 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_DELTA) {
878 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%lld", p->counter[i]);
879 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_PERCENT) {
880 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->counter[i]/t->tsc);
881 		}
882 	}
883 
884 done:
885 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
886 
887 	return 0;
888 }
889 
890 void flush_output_stdout(void)
891 {
892 	FILE *filep;
893 
894 	if (outf == stderr)
895 		filep = stdout;
896 	else
897 		filep = outf;
898 
899 	fputs(output_buffer, filep);
900 	fflush(filep);
901 
902 	outp = output_buffer;
903 }
904 void flush_output_stderr(void)
905 {
906 	fputs(output_buffer, outf);
907 	fflush(outf);
908 	outp = output_buffer;
909 }
910 void format_all_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
911 {
912 	static int printed;
913 
914 	if (!printed || !summary_only)
915 		print_header();
916 
917 	if (topo.num_cpus > 1)
918 		format_counters(&average.threads, &average.cores,
919 			&average.packages);
920 
921 	printed = 1;
922 
923 	if (summary_only)
924 		return;
925 
926 	for_all_cpus(format_counters, t, c, p);
927 }
928 
929 #define DELTA_WRAP32(new, old)			\
930 	if (new > old) {			\
931 		old = new - old;		\
932 	} else {				\
933 		old = 0x100000000 + new - old;	\
934 	}
935 
936 int
937 delta_package(struct pkg_data *new, struct pkg_data *old)
938 {
939 	int i;
940 	struct msr_counter *mp;
941 
942 	if (do_skl_residency) {
943 		old->pkg_wtd_core_c0 = new->pkg_wtd_core_c0 - old->pkg_wtd_core_c0;
944 		old->pkg_any_core_c0 = new->pkg_any_core_c0 - old->pkg_any_core_c0;
945 		old->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 = new->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 - old->pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
946 		old->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 = new->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 - old->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
947 	}
948 	old->pc2 = new->pc2 - old->pc2;
949 	if (do_pc3)
950 		old->pc3 = new->pc3 - old->pc3;
951 	if (do_pc6)
952 		old->pc6 = new->pc6 - old->pc6;
953 	if (do_pc7)
954 		old->pc7 = new->pc7 - old->pc7;
955 	old->pc8 = new->pc8 - old->pc8;
956 	old->pc9 = new->pc9 - old->pc9;
957 	old->pc10 = new->pc10 - old->pc10;
958 	old->pkg_temp_c = new->pkg_temp_c;
959 
960 	/* flag an error when rc6 counter resets/wraps */
961 	if (old->gfx_rc6_ms >  new->gfx_rc6_ms)
962 		old->gfx_rc6_ms = -1;
963 	else
964 		old->gfx_rc6_ms = new->gfx_rc6_ms - old->gfx_rc6_ms;
965 
966 	old->gfx_mhz = new->gfx_mhz;
967 
968 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_pkg, old->energy_pkg);
969 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_cores, old->energy_cores);
970 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_gfx, old->energy_gfx);
971 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_dram, old->energy_dram);
972 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->rapl_pkg_perf_status, old->rapl_pkg_perf_status);
973 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->rapl_dram_perf_status, old->rapl_dram_perf_status);
974 
975 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
976 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
977 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i];
978 		else
979 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i] - old->counter[i];
980 	}
981 
982 	return 0;
983 }
984 
985 void
986 delta_core(struct core_data *new, struct core_data *old)
987 {
988 	int i;
989 	struct msr_counter *mp;
990 
991 	old->c3 = new->c3 - old->c3;
992 	old->c6 = new->c6 - old->c6;
993 	old->c7 = new->c7 - old->c7;
994 	old->core_temp_c = new->core_temp_c;
995 	old->mc6_us = new->mc6_us - old->mc6_us;
996 
997 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
998 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
999 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i];
1000 		else
1001 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i] - old->counter[i];
1002 	}
1003 }
1004 
1005 /*
1006  * old = new - old
1007  */
1008 int
1009 delta_thread(struct thread_data *new, struct thread_data *old,
1010 	struct core_data *core_delta)
1011 {
1012 	int i;
1013 	struct msr_counter *mp;
1014 
1015 	old->tsc = new->tsc - old->tsc;
1016 
1017 	/* check for TSC < 1 Mcycles over interval */
1018 	if (old->tsc < (1000 * 1000))
1019 		errx(-3, "Insanely slow TSC rate, TSC stops in idle?\n"
1020 		     "You can disable all c-states by booting with \"idle=poll\"\n"
1021 		     "or just the deep ones with \"processor.max_cstate=1\"");
1022 
1023 	old->c1 = new->c1 - old->c1;
1024 
1025 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Avg_MHz) || DO_BIC(BIC_Busy) || DO_BIC(BIC_Bzy_MHz)) {
1026 		if ((new->aperf > old->aperf) && (new->mperf > old->mperf)) {
1027 			old->aperf = new->aperf - old->aperf;
1028 			old->mperf = new->mperf - old->mperf;
1029 		} else {
1030 			return -1;
1031 		}
1032 	}
1033 
1034 
1035 	if (use_c1_residency_msr) {
1036 		/*
1037 		 * Some models have a dedicated C1 residency MSR,
1038 		 * which should be more accurate than the derivation below.
1039 		 */
1040 	} else {
1041 		/*
1042 		 * As counter collection is not atomic,
1043 		 * it is possible for mperf's non-halted cycles + idle states
1044 		 * to exceed TSC's all cycles: show c1 = 0% in that case.
1045 		 */
1046 		if ((old->mperf + core_delta->c3 + core_delta->c6 + core_delta->c7) > old->tsc)
1047 			old->c1 = 0;
1048 		else {
1049 			/* normal case, derive c1 */
1050 			old->c1 = old->tsc - old->mperf - core_delta->c3
1051 				- core_delta->c6 - core_delta->c7;
1052 		}
1053 	}
1054 
1055 	if (old->mperf == 0) {
1056 		if (debug > 1)
1057 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d MPERF 0!\n", old->cpu_id);
1058 		old->mperf = 1;	/* divide by 0 protection */
1059 	}
1060 
1061 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
1062 		old->irq_count = new->irq_count - old->irq_count;
1063 
1064 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI))
1065 		old->smi_count = new->smi_count - old->smi_count;
1066 
1067 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1068 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1069 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i];
1070 		else
1071 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i] - old->counter[i];
1072 	}
1073 	return 0;
1074 }
1075 
1076 int delta_cpu(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
1077 	struct pkg_data *p, struct thread_data *t2,
1078 	struct core_data *c2, struct pkg_data *p2)
1079 {
1080 	int retval = 0;
1081 
1082 	/* calculate core delta only for 1st thread in core */
1083 	if (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE)
1084 		delta_core(c, c2);
1085 
1086 	/* always calculate thread delta */
1087 	retval = delta_thread(t, t2, c2);	/* c2 is core delta */
1088 	if (retval)
1089 		return retval;
1090 
1091 	/* calculate package delta only for 1st core in package */
1092 	if (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE)
1093 		retval = delta_package(p, p2);
1094 
1095 	return retval;
1096 }
1097 
1098 void clear_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
1099 {
1100 	int i;
1101 	struct msr_counter  *mp;
1102 
1103 	t->tsc = 0;
1104 	t->aperf = 0;
1105 	t->mperf = 0;
1106 	t->c1 = 0;
1107 
1108 	t->irq_count = 0;
1109 	t->smi_count = 0;
1110 
1111 	/* tells format_counters to dump all fields from this set */
1112 	t->flags = CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE | CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE;
1113 
1114 	c->c3 = 0;
1115 	c->c6 = 0;
1116 	c->c7 = 0;
1117 	c->mc6_us = 0;
1118 	c->core_temp_c = 0;
1119 
1120 	p->pkg_wtd_core_c0 = 0;
1121 	p->pkg_any_core_c0 = 0;
1122 	p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 = 0;
1123 	p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 = 0;
1124 
1125 	p->pc2 = 0;
1126 	if (do_pc3)
1127 		p->pc3 = 0;
1128 	if (do_pc6)
1129 		p->pc6 = 0;
1130 	if (do_pc7)
1131 		p->pc7 = 0;
1132 	p->pc8 = 0;
1133 	p->pc9 = 0;
1134 	p->pc10 = 0;
1135 
1136 	p->energy_pkg = 0;
1137 	p->energy_dram = 0;
1138 	p->energy_cores = 0;
1139 	p->energy_gfx = 0;
1140 	p->rapl_pkg_perf_status = 0;
1141 	p->rapl_dram_perf_status = 0;
1142 	p->pkg_temp_c = 0;
1143 
1144 	p->gfx_rc6_ms = 0;
1145 	p->gfx_mhz = 0;
1146 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next)
1147 		t->counter[i] = 0;
1148 
1149 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next)
1150 		c->counter[i] = 0;
1151 
1152 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next)
1153 		p->counter[i] = 0;
1154 }
1155 int sum_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
1156 	struct pkg_data *p)
1157 {
1158 	int i;
1159 	struct msr_counter *mp;
1160 
1161 	average.threads.tsc += t->tsc;
1162 	average.threads.aperf += t->aperf;
1163 	average.threads.mperf += t->mperf;
1164 	average.threads.c1 += t->c1;
1165 
1166 	average.threads.irq_count += t->irq_count;
1167 	average.threads.smi_count += t->smi_count;
1168 
1169 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1170 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1171 			continue;
1172 		average.threads.counter[i] += t->counter[i];
1173 	}
1174 
1175 	/* sum per-core values only for 1st thread in core */
1176 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
1177 		return 0;
1178 
1179 	average.cores.c3 += c->c3;
1180 	average.cores.c6 += c->c6;
1181 	average.cores.c7 += c->c7;
1182 	average.cores.mc6_us += c->mc6_us;
1183 
1184 	average.cores.core_temp_c = MAX(average.cores.core_temp_c, c->core_temp_c);
1185 
1186 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1187 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1188 			continue;
1189 		average.cores.counter[i] += c->counter[i];
1190 	}
1191 
1192 	/* sum per-pkg values only for 1st core in pkg */
1193 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
1194 		return 0;
1195 
1196 	if (do_skl_residency) {
1197 		average.packages.pkg_wtd_core_c0 += p->pkg_wtd_core_c0;
1198 		average.packages.pkg_any_core_c0 += p->pkg_any_core_c0;
1199 		average.packages.pkg_any_gfxe_c0 += p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
1200 		average.packages.pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 += p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
1201 	}
1202 
1203 	average.packages.pc2 += p->pc2;
1204 	if (do_pc3)
1205 		average.packages.pc3 += p->pc3;
1206 	if (do_pc6)
1207 		average.packages.pc6 += p->pc6;
1208 	if (do_pc7)
1209 		average.packages.pc7 += p->pc7;
1210 	average.packages.pc8 += p->pc8;
1211 	average.packages.pc9 += p->pc9;
1212 	average.packages.pc10 += p->pc10;
1213 
1214 	average.packages.energy_pkg += p->energy_pkg;
1215 	average.packages.energy_dram += p->energy_dram;
1216 	average.packages.energy_cores += p->energy_cores;
1217 	average.packages.energy_gfx += p->energy_gfx;
1218 
1219 	average.packages.gfx_rc6_ms = p->gfx_rc6_ms;
1220 	average.packages.gfx_mhz = p->gfx_mhz;
1221 
1222 	average.packages.pkg_temp_c = MAX(average.packages.pkg_temp_c, p->pkg_temp_c);
1223 
1224 	average.packages.rapl_pkg_perf_status += p->rapl_pkg_perf_status;
1225 	average.packages.rapl_dram_perf_status += p->rapl_dram_perf_status;
1226 
1227 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1228 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1229 			continue;
1230 		average.packages.counter[i] += p->counter[i];
1231 	}
1232 	return 0;
1233 }
1234 /*
1235  * sum the counters for all cpus in the system
1236  * compute the weighted average
1237  */
1238 void compute_average(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
1239 	struct pkg_data *p)
1240 {
1241 	int i;
1242 	struct msr_counter *mp;
1243 
1244 	clear_counters(&average.threads, &average.cores, &average.packages);
1245 
1246 	for_all_cpus(sum_counters, t, c, p);
1247 
1248 	average.threads.tsc /= topo.num_cpus;
1249 	average.threads.aperf /= topo.num_cpus;
1250 	average.threads.mperf /= topo.num_cpus;
1251 	average.threads.c1 /= topo.num_cpus;
1252 
1253 	average.cores.c3 /= topo.num_cores;
1254 	average.cores.c6 /= topo.num_cores;
1255 	average.cores.c7 /= topo.num_cores;
1256 	average.cores.mc6_us /= topo.num_cores;
1257 
1258 	if (do_skl_residency) {
1259 		average.packages.pkg_wtd_core_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
1260 		average.packages.pkg_any_core_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
1261 		average.packages.pkg_any_gfxe_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
1262 		average.packages.pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
1263 	}
1264 
1265 	average.packages.pc2 /= topo.num_packages;
1266 	if (do_pc3)
1267 		average.packages.pc3 /= topo.num_packages;
1268 	if (do_pc6)
1269 		average.packages.pc6 /= topo.num_packages;
1270 	if (do_pc7)
1271 		average.packages.pc7 /= topo.num_packages;
1272 
1273 	average.packages.pc8 /= topo.num_packages;
1274 	average.packages.pc9 /= topo.num_packages;
1275 	average.packages.pc10 /= topo.num_packages;
1276 
1277 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1278 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1279 			continue;
1280 		average.threads.counter[i] /= topo.num_cpus;
1281 	}
1282 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1283 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1284 			continue;
1285 		average.cores.counter[i] /= topo.num_cores;
1286 	}
1287 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1288 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1289 			continue;
1290 		average.packages.counter[i] /= topo.num_packages;
1291 	}
1292 }
1293 
1294 static unsigned long long rdtsc(void)
1295 {
1296 	unsigned int low, high;
1297 
1298 	asm volatile("rdtsc" : "=a" (low), "=d" (high));
1299 
1300 	return low | ((unsigned long long)high) << 32;
1301 }
1302 
1303 /*
1304  * get_counters(...)
1305  * migrate to cpu
1306  * acquire and record local counters for that cpu
1307  */
1308 int get_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
1309 {
1310 	int cpu = t->cpu_id;
1311 	unsigned long long msr;
1312 	int aperf_mperf_retry_count = 0;
1313 	struct msr_counter *mp;
1314 	int i;
1315 
1316 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
1317 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
1318 		return -1;
1319 	}
1320 
1321 retry:
1322 	t->tsc = rdtsc();	/* we are running on local CPU of interest */
1323 
1324 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Avg_MHz) || DO_BIC(BIC_Busy) || DO_BIC(BIC_Bzy_MHz)) {
1325 		unsigned long long tsc_before, tsc_between, tsc_after, aperf_time, mperf_time;
1326 
1327 		/*
1328 		 * The TSC, APERF and MPERF must be read together for
1329 		 * APERF/MPERF and MPERF/TSC to give accurate results.
1330 		 *
1331 		 * Unfortunately, APERF and MPERF are read by
1332 		 * individual system call, so delays may occur
1333 		 * between them.  If the time to read them
1334 		 * varies by a large amount, we re-read them.
1335 		 */
1336 
1337 		/*
1338 		 * This initial dummy APERF read has been seen to
1339 		 * reduce jitter in the subsequent reads.
1340 		 */
1341 
1342 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_APERF, &t->aperf))
1343 			return -3;
1344 
1345 		t->tsc = rdtsc();	/* re-read close to APERF */
1346 
1347 		tsc_before = t->tsc;
1348 
1349 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_APERF, &t->aperf))
1350 			return -3;
1351 
1352 		tsc_between = rdtsc();
1353 
1354 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_MPERF, &t->mperf))
1355 			return -4;
1356 
1357 		tsc_after = rdtsc();
1358 
1359 		aperf_time = tsc_between - tsc_before;
1360 		mperf_time = tsc_after - tsc_between;
1361 
1362 		/*
1363 		 * If the system call latency to read APERF and MPERF
1364 		 * differ by more than 2x, then try again.
1365 		 */
1366 		if ((aperf_time > (2 * mperf_time)) || (mperf_time > (2 * aperf_time))) {
1367 			aperf_mperf_retry_count++;
1368 			if (aperf_mperf_retry_count < 5)
1369 				goto retry;
1370 			else
1371 				warnx("cpu%d jitter %lld %lld",
1372 					cpu, aperf_time, mperf_time);
1373 		}
1374 		aperf_mperf_retry_count = 0;
1375 
1376 		t->aperf = t->aperf * aperf_mperf_multiplier;
1377 		t->mperf = t->mperf * aperf_mperf_multiplier;
1378 	}
1379 
1380 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
1381 		t->irq_count = irqs_per_cpu[cpu];
1382 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI)) {
1383 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_SMI_COUNT, &msr))
1384 			return -5;
1385 		t->smi_count = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1386 	}
1387 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c1) && use_c1_residency_msr) {
1388 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C1_RES, &t->c1))
1389 			return -6;
1390 	}
1391 
1392 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1393 		if (get_msr(cpu, mp->msr_num, &t->counter[i]))
1394 			return -10;
1395 	}
1396 
1397 
1398 	/* collect core counters only for 1st thread in core */
1399 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
1400 		return 0;
1401 
1402 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c3) && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates) {
1403 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C3_RESIDENCY, &c->c3))
1404 			return -6;
1405 	}
1406 
1407 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c6) && !do_knl_cstates) {
1408 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY, &c->c6))
1409 			return -7;
1410 	} else if (do_knl_cstates) {
1411 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_KNL_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY, &c->c6))
1412 			return -7;
1413 	}
1414 
1415 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c7))
1416 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C7_RESIDENCY, &c->c7))
1417 			return -8;
1418 
1419 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Mod_c6))
1420 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_MODULE_C6_RES_MS, &c->mc6_us))
1421 			return -8;
1422 
1423 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CoreTmp)) {
1424 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
1425 			return -9;
1426 		c->core_temp_c = tcc_activation_temp - ((msr >> 16) & 0x7F);
1427 	}
1428 
1429 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1430 		if (get_msr(cpu, mp->msr_num, &c->counter[i]))
1431 			return -10;
1432 	}
1433 
1434 	/* collect package counters only for 1st core in package */
1435 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
1436 		return 0;
1437 
1438 	if (do_skl_residency) {
1439 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_WEIGHTED_CORE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_wtd_core_c0))
1440 			return -10;
1441 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ANY_CORE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_any_core_c0))
1442 			return -11;
1443 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ANY_GFXE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0))
1444 			return -12;
1445 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_BOTH_CORE_GFXE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0))
1446 			return -13;
1447 	}
1448 	if (do_pc3)
1449 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY, &p->pc3))
1450 			return -9;
1451 	if (do_pc6) {
1452 		if (do_slm_cstates) {
1453 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_ATOM_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY, &p->pc6))
1454 				return -10;
1455 		} else {
1456 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY, &p->pc6))
1457 				return -10;
1458 		}
1459 	}
1460 
1461 	if (do_pc2)
1462 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY, &p->pc2))
1463 			return -11;
1464 	if (do_pc7)
1465 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY, &p->pc7))
1466 			return -12;
1467 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
1468 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C8_RESIDENCY, &p->pc8))
1469 			return -13;
1470 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C9_RESIDENCY, &p->pc9))
1471 			return -13;
1472 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C10_RESIDENCY, &p->pc10))
1473 			return -13;
1474 	}
1475 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG) {
1476 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1477 			return -13;
1478 		p->energy_pkg = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1479 	}
1480 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES_ENERGY_STATUS) {
1481 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1482 			return -14;
1483 		p->energy_cores = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1484 	}
1485 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM) {
1486 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1487 			return -15;
1488 		p->energy_dram = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1489 	}
1490 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX) {
1491 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1492 			return -16;
1493 		p->energy_gfx = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1494 	}
1495 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS) {
1496 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS, &msr))
1497 			return -16;
1498 		p->rapl_pkg_perf_status = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1499 	}
1500 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS) {
1501 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS, &msr))
1502 			return -16;
1503 		p->rapl_dram_perf_status = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1504 	}
1505 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgTmp)) {
1506 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
1507 			return -17;
1508 		p->pkg_temp_c = tcc_activation_temp - ((msr >> 16) & 0x7F);
1509 	}
1510 
1511 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_rc6))
1512 		p->gfx_rc6_ms = gfx_cur_rc6_ms;
1513 
1514 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXMHz))
1515 		p->gfx_mhz = gfx_cur_mhz;
1516 
1517 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1518 		if (get_msr(cpu, mp->msr_num, &p->counter[i]))
1519 			return -10;
1520 	}
1521 
1522 	return 0;
1523 }
1524 
1525 /*
1526  * MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL decoding for pkg_cstate_limit:
1527  * If you change the values, note they are used both in comparisons
1528  * (>= PCL__7) and to index pkg_cstate_limit_strings[].
1529  */
1530 
1531 #define PCLUKN 0 /* Unknown */
1532 #define PCLRSV 1 /* Reserved */
1533 #define PCL__0 2 /* PC0 */
1534 #define PCL__1 3 /* PC1 */
1535 #define PCL__2 4 /* PC2 */
1536 #define PCL__3 5 /* PC3 */
1537 #define PCL__4 6 /* PC4 */
1538 #define PCL__6 7 /* PC6 */
1539 #define PCL_6N 8 /* PC6 No Retention */
1540 #define PCL_6R 9 /* PC6 Retention */
1541 #define PCL__7 10 /* PC7 */
1542 #define PCL_7S 11 /* PC7 Shrink */
1543 #define PCL__8 12 /* PC8 */
1544 #define PCL__9 13 /* PC9 */
1545 #define PCLUNL 14 /* Unlimited */
1546 
1547 int pkg_cstate_limit = PCLUKN;
1548 char *pkg_cstate_limit_strings[] = { "reserved", "unknown", "pc0", "pc1", "pc2",
1549 	"pc3", "pc4", "pc6", "pc6n", "pc6r", "pc7", "pc7s", "pc8", "pc9", "unlimited"};
1550 
1551 int nhm_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__1, PCL__3, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1552 int snb_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL_6N, PCL_6R, PCL__7, PCL_7S, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1553 int hsw_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL__3, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCL_7S, PCL__8, PCL__9, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1554 int slv_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__1, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCL__4, PCLRSV, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCL__6, PCL__7};
1555 int amt_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCLUNL, PCL__1, PCL__2, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1556 int phi_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL_6N, PCL_6R, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1557 int bxt_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1558 int skx_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL_6N, PCL_6R, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1559 
1560 
1561 static void
1562 calculate_tsc_tweak()
1563 {
1564 	tsc_tweak = base_hz / tsc_hz;
1565 }
1566 
1567 static void
1568 dump_nhm_platform_info(void)
1569 {
1570 	unsigned long long msr;
1571 	unsigned int ratio;
1572 
1573 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, &msr);
1574 
1575 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PLATFORM_INFO: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1576 
1577 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1578 	fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max efficiency frequency\n",
1579 		ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1580 
1581 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1582 	fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz base frequency\n",
1583 		ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1584 
1585 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_POWER_CTL, &msr);
1586 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_POWER_CTL: 0x%08llx (C1E auto-promotion: %sabled)\n",
1587 		base_cpu, msr, msr & 0x2 ? "EN" : "DIS");
1588 
1589 	return;
1590 }
1591 
1592 static void
1593 dump_hsw_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1594 {
1595 	unsigned long long msr;
1596 	unsigned int ratio;
1597 
1598 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT2, &msr);
1599 
1600 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT2: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1601 
1602 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1603 	if (ratio)
1604 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 18 active cores\n",
1605 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1606 
1607 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1608 	if (ratio)
1609 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 17 active cores\n",
1610 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1611 	return;
1612 }
1613 
1614 static void
1615 dump_ivt_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1616 {
1617 	unsigned long long msr;
1618 	unsigned int ratio;
1619 
1620 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT1, &msr);
1621 
1622 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT1: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1623 
1624 	ratio = (msr >> 56) & 0xFF;
1625 	if (ratio)
1626 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 16 active cores\n",
1627 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1628 
1629 	ratio = (msr >> 48) & 0xFF;
1630 	if (ratio)
1631 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 15 active cores\n",
1632 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1633 
1634 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1635 	if (ratio)
1636 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 14 active cores\n",
1637 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1638 
1639 	ratio = (msr >> 32) & 0xFF;
1640 	if (ratio)
1641 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 13 active cores\n",
1642 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1643 
1644 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0xFF;
1645 	if (ratio)
1646 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 12 active cores\n",
1647 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1648 
1649 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
1650 	if (ratio)
1651 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 11 active cores\n",
1652 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1653 
1654 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1655 	if (ratio)
1656 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 10 active cores\n",
1657 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1658 
1659 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1660 	if (ratio)
1661 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 9 active cores\n",
1662 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1663 	return;
1664 }
1665 
1666 static void
1667 dump_nhm_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1668 {
1669 	unsigned long long msr;
1670 	unsigned int ratio;
1671 
1672 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT, &msr);
1673 
1674 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1675 
1676 	ratio = (msr >> 56) & 0xFF;
1677 	if (ratio)
1678 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 8 active cores\n",
1679 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1680 
1681 	ratio = (msr >> 48) & 0xFF;
1682 	if (ratio)
1683 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 7 active cores\n",
1684 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1685 
1686 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1687 	if (ratio)
1688 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 6 active cores\n",
1689 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1690 
1691 	ratio = (msr >> 32) & 0xFF;
1692 	if (ratio)
1693 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 5 active cores\n",
1694 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1695 
1696 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0xFF;
1697 	if (ratio)
1698 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 4 active cores\n",
1699 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1700 
1701 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
1702 	if (ratio)
1703 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 3 active cores\n",
1704 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1705 
1706 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1707 	if (ratio)
1708 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 2 active cores\n",
1709 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1710 
1711 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1712 	if (ratio)
1713 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 1 active cores\n",
1714 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1715 	return;
1716 }
1717 
1718 static void
1719 dump_atom_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1720 {
1721 	unsigned long long msr;
1722 	unsigned int ratio;
1723 
1724 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_ATOM_CORE_RATIOS, &msr);
1725 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_ATOM_CORE_RATIOS: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr & 0xFFFFFFFF);
1726 
1727 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0x3F;
1728 	if (ratio)
1729 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz minimum operating frequency\n",
1730 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1731 
1732 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0x3F;
1733 	if (ratio)
1734 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz low frequency mode (LFM)\n",
1735 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1736 
1737 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0x3F;
1738 	if (ratio)
1739 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz base frequency\n",
1740 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1741 
1742 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_ATOM_CORE_TURBO_RATIOS, &msr);
1743 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_ATOM_CORE_TURBO_RATIOS: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr & 0xFFFFFFFF);
1744 
1745 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0x3F;
1746 	if (ratio)
1747 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 4 active cores\n",
1748 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1749 
1750 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0x3F;
1751 	if (ratio)
1752 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 3 active cores\n",
1753 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1754 
1755 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0x3F;
1756 	if (ratio)
1757 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 2 active cores\n",
1758 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1759 
1760 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0x3F;
1761 	if (ratio)
1762 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 1 active core\n",
1763 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1764 }
1765 
1766 static void
1767 dump_knl_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1768 {
1769 	const unsigned int buckets_no = 7;
1770 
1771 	unsigned long long msr;
1772 	int delta_cores, delta_ratio;
1773 	int i, b_nr;
1774 	unsigned int cores[buckets_no];
1775 	unsigned int ratio[buckets_no];
1776 
1777 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT, &msr);
1778 
1779 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x%08llx\n",
1780 		base_cpu, msr);
1781 
1782 	/**
1783 	 * Turbo encoding in KNL is as follows:
1784 	 * [0] -- Reserved
1785 	 * [7:1] -- Base value of number of active cores of bucket 1.
1786 	 * [15:8] -- Base value of freq ratio of bucket 1.
1787 	 * [20:16] -- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 2.
1788 	 * i.e. active cores of bucket 2 =
1789 	 * active cores of bucket 1 + delta
1790 	 * [23:21] -- Negative delta of freq ratio of bucket 2.
1791 	 * i.e. freq ratio of bucket 2 =
1792 	 * freq ratio of bucket 1 - delta
1793 	 * [28:24]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 3.
1794 	 * [31:29]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 3.
1795 	 * [36:32]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 4.
1796 	 * [39:37]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 4.
1797 	 * [44:40]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 5.
1798 	 * [47:45]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 5.
1799 	 * [52:48]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 6.
1800 	 * [55:53]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 6.
1801 	 * [60:56]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 7.
1802 	 * [63:61]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 7.
1803 	 */
1804 
1805 	b_nr = 0;
1806 	cores[b_nr] = (msr & 0xFF) >> 1;
1807 	ratio[b_nr] = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1808 
1809 	for (i = 16; i < 64; i += 8) {
1810 		delta_cores = (msr >> i) & 0x1F;
1811 		delta_ratio = (msr >> (i + 5)) & 0x7;
1812 
1813 		cores[b_nr + 1] = cores[b_nr] + delta_cores;
1814 		ratio[b_nr + 1] = ratio[b_nr] - delta_ratio;
1815 		b_nr++;
1816 	}
1817 
1818 	for (i = buckets_no - 1; i >= 0; i--)
1819 		if (i > 0 ? ratio[i] != ratio[i - 1] : 1)
1820 			fprintf(outf,
1821 				"%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo %d active cores\n",
1822 				ratio[i], bclk, ratio[i] * bclk, cores[i]);
1823 }
1824 
1825 static void
1826 dump_nhm_cst_cfg(void)
1827 {
1828 	unsigned long long msr;
1829 
1830 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL, &msr);
1831 
1832 #define SNB_C1_AUTO_UNDEMOTE              (1UL << 27)
1833 #define SNB_C3_AUTO_UNDEMOTE              (1UL << 28)
1834 
1835 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL: 0x%08llx", base_cpu, msr);
1836 
1837 	fprintf(outf, " (%s%s%s%s%slocked: pkg-cstate-limit=%d: %s)\n",
1838 		(msr & SNB_C3_AUTO_UNDEMOTE) ? "UNdemote-C3, " : "",
1839 		(msr & SNB_C1_AUTO_UNDEMOTE) ? "UNdemote-C1, " : "",
1840 		(msr & NHM_C3_AUTO_DEMOTE) ? "demote-C3, " : "",
1841 		(msr & NHM_C1_AUTO_DEMOTE) ? "demote-C1, " : "",
1842 		(msr & (1 << 15)) ? "" : "UN",
1843 		(unsigned int)msr & 0xF,
1844 		pkg_cstate_limit_strings[pkg_cstate_limit]);
1845 	return;
1846 }
1847 
1848 static void
1849 dump_config_tdp(void)
1850 {
1851 	unsigned long long msr;
1852 
1853 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_NOMINAL, &msr);
1854 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_NOMINAL: 0x%08llx", base_cpu, msr);
1855 	fprintf(outf, " (base_ratio=%d)\n", (unsigned int)msr & 0xFF);
1856 
1857 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_1, &msr);
1858 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_1: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1859 	if (msr) {
1860 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_MIN_PWR_LVL1=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 48) & 0x7FFF);
1861 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_MAX_PWR_LVL1=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 32) & 0x7FFF);
1862 		fprintf(outf, "LVL1_RATIO=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 16) & 0xFF);
1863 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_TDP_LVL1=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0x7FFF);
1864 	}
1865 	fprintf(outf, ")\n");
1866 
1867 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_2, &msr);
1868 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_2: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1869 	if (msr) {
1870 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_MIN_PWR_LVL2=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 48) & 0x7FFF);
1871 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_MAX_PWR_LVL2=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 32) & 0x7FFF);
1872 		fprintf(outf, "LVL2_RATIO=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 16) & 0xFF);
1873 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_TDP_LVL2=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0x7FFF);
1874 	}
1875 	fprintf(outf, ")\n");
1876 
1877 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_CONTROL, &msr);
1878 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_CONTROL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1879 	if ((msr) & 0x3)
1880 		fprintf(outf, "TDP_LEVEL=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0x3);
1881 	fprintf(outf, " lock=%d", (unsigned int)(msr >> 31) & 1);
1882 	fprintf(outf, ")\n");
1883 
1884 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_ACTIVATION_RATIO, &msr);
1885 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_ACTIVATION_RATIO: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1886 	fprintf(outf, "MAX_NON_TURBO_RATIO=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0xFF);
1887 	fprintf(outf, " lock=%d", (unsigned int)(msr >> 31) & 1);
1888 	fprintf(outf, ")\n");
1889 }
1890 
1891 unsigned int irtl_time_units[] = {1, 32, 1024, 32768, 1048576, 33554432, 0, 0 };
1892 
1893 void print_irtl(void)
1894 {
1895 	unsigned long long msr;
1896 
1897 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC3_IRTL, &msr);
1898 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC3_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1899 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1900 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1901 
1902 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC6_IRTL, &msr);
1903 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC6_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1904 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1905 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1906 
1907 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC7_IRTL, &msr);
1908 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC7_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1909 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1910 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1911 
1912 	if (!do_irtl_hsw)
1913 		return;
1914 
1915 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC8_IRTL, &msr);
1916 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC8_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1917 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1918 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1919 
1920 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC9_IRTL, &msr);
1921 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC9_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1922 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1923 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1924 
1925 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC10_IRTL, &msr);
1926 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC10_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1927 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1928 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1929 
1930 }
1931 void free_fd_percpu(void)
1932 {
1933 	int i;
1934 
1935 	for (i = 0; i < topo.max_cpu_num + 1; ++i) {
1936 		if (fd_percpu[i] != 0)
1937 			close(fd_percpu[i]);
1938 	}
1939 
1940 	free(fd_percpu);
1941 }
1942 
1943 void free_all_buffers(void)
1944 {
1945 	CPU_FREE(cpu_present_set);
1946 	cpu_present_set = NULL;
1947 	cpu_present_setsize = 0;
1948 
1949 	CPU_FREE(cpu_affinity_set);
1950 	cpu_affinity_set = NULL;
1951 	cpu_affinity_setsize = 0;
1952 
1953 	free(thread_even);
1954 	free(core_even);
1955 	free(package_even);
1956 
1957 	thread_even = NULL;
1958 	core_even = NULL;
1959 	package_even = NULL;
1960 
1961 	free(thread_odd);
1962 	free(core_odd);
1963 	free(package_odd);
1964 
1965 	thread_odd = NULL;
1966 	core_odd = NULL;
1967 	package_odd = NULL;
1968 
1969 	free(output_buffer);
1970 	output_buffer = NULL;
1971 	outp = NULL;
1972 
1973 	free_fd_percpu();
1974 
1975 	free(irq_column_2_cpu);
1976 	free(irqs_per_cpu);
1977 }
1978 
1979 /*
1980  * Open a file, and exit on failure
1981  */
1982 FILE *fopen_or_die(const char *path, const char *mode)
1983 {
1984 	FILE *filep = fopen(path, mode);
1985 	if (!filep)
1986 		err(1, "%s: open failed", path);
1987 	return filep;
1988 }
1989 
1990 /*
1991  * Parse a file containing a single int.
1992  */
1993 int parse_int_file(const char *fmt, ...)
1994 {
1995 	va_list args;
1996 	char path[PATH_MAX];
1997 	FILE *filep;
1998 	int value;
1999 
2000 	va_start(args, fmt);
2001 	vsnprintf(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
2002 	va_end(args);
2003 	filep = fopen_or_die(path, "r");
2004 	if (fscanf(filep, "%d", &value) != 1)
2005 		err(1, "%s: failed to parse number from file", path);
2006 	fclose(filep);
2007 	return value;
2008 }
2009 
2010 /*
2011  * get_cpu_position_in_core(cpu)
2012  * return the position of the CPU among its HT siblings in the core
2013  * return -1 if the sibling is not in list
2014  */
2015 int get_cpu_position_in_core(int cpu)
2016 {
2017 	char path[64];
2018 	FILE *filep;
2019 	int this_cpu;
2020 	char character;
2021 	int i;
2022 
2023 	sprintf(path,
2024 		"/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/thread_siblings_list",
2025 		cpu);
2026 	filep = fopen(path, "r");
2027 	if (filep == NULL) {
2028 		perror(path);
2029 		exit(1);
2030 	}
2031 
2032 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_threads_per_core; i++) {
2033 		fscanf(filep, "%d", &this_cpu);
2034 		if (this_cpu == cpu) {
2035 			fclose(filep);
2036 			return i;
2037 		}
2038 
2039 		/* Account for no separator after last thread*/
2040 		if (i != (topo.num_threads_per_core - 1))
2041 			fscanf(filep, "%c", &character);
2042 	}
2043 
2044 	fclose(filep);
2045 	return -1;
2046 }
2047 
2048 /*
2049  * cpu_is_first_core_in_package(cpu)
2050  * return 1 if given CPU is 1st core in package
2051  */
2052 int cpu_is_first_core_in_package(int cpu)
2053 {
2054 	return cpu == parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/core_siblings_list", cpu);
2055 }
2056 
2057 int get_physical_package_id(int cpu)
2058 {
2059 	return parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/physical_package_id", cpu);
2060 }
2061 
2062 int get_core_id(int cpu)
2063 {
2064 	return parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/core_id", cpu);
2065 }
2066 
2067 int get_num_ht_siblings(int cpu)
2068 {
2069 	char path[80];
2070 	FILE *filep;
2071 	int sib1;
2072 	int matches = 0;
2073 	char character;
2074 	char str[100];
2075 	char *ch;
2076 
2077 	sprintf(path, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/thread_siblings_list", cpu);
2078 	filep = fopen_or_die(path, "r");
2079 
2080 	/*
2081 	 * file format:
2082 	 * A ',' separated or '-' separated set of numbers
2083 	 * (eg 1-2 or 1,3,4,5)
2084 	 */
2085 	fscanf(filep, "%d%c\n", &sib1, &character);
2086 	fseek(filep, 0, SEEK_SET);
2087 	fgets(str, 100, filep);
2088 	ch = strchr(str, character);
2089 	while (ch != NULL) {
2090 		matches++;
2091 		ch = strchr(ch+1, character);
2092 	}
2093 
2094 	fclose(filep);
2095 	return matches+1;
2096 }
2097 
2098 /*
2099  * run func(thread, core, package) in topology order
2100  * skip non-present cpus
2101  */
2102 
2103 int for_all_cpus_2(int (func)(struct thread_data *, struct core_data *,
2104 	struct pkg_data *, struct thread_data *, struct core_data *,
2105 	struct pkg_data *), struct thread_data *thread_base,
2106 	struct core_data *core_base, struct pkg_data *pkg_base,
2107 	struct thread_data *thread_base2, struct core_data *core_base2,
2108 	struct pkg_data *pkg_base2)
2109 {
2110 	int retval, pkg_no, core_no, thread_no;
2111 
2112 	for (pkg_no = 0; pkg_no < topo.num_packages; ++pkg_no) {
2113 		for (core_no = 0; core_no < topo.num_cores_per_pkg; ++core_no) {
2114 			for (thread_no = 0; thread_no <
2115 				topo.num_threads_per_core; ++thread_no) {
2116 				struct thread_data *t, *t2;
2117 				struct core_data *c, *c2;
2118 				struct pkg_data *p, *p2;
2119 
2120 				t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
2121 
2122 				if (cpu_is_not_present(t->cpu_id))
2123 					continue;
2124 
2125 				t2 = GET_THREAD(thread_base2, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
2126 
2127 				c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no);
2128 				c2 = GET_CORE(core_base2, core_no, pkg_no);
2129 
2130 				p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no);
2131 				p2 = GET_PKG(pkg_base2, pkg_no);
2132 
2133 				retval = func(t, c, p, t2, c2, p2);
2134 				if (retval)
2135 					return retval;
2136 			}
2137 		}
2138 	}
2139 	return 0;
2140 }
2141 
2142 /*
2143  * run func(cpu) on every cpu in /proc/stat
2144  * return max_cpu number
2145  */
2146 int for_all_proc_cpus(int (func)(int))
2147 {
2148 	FILE *fp;
2149 	int cpu_num;
2150 	int retval;
2151 
2152 	fp = fopen_or_die(proc_stat, "r");
2153 
2154 	retval = fscanf(fp, "cpu %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d\n");
2155 	if (retval != 0)
2156 		err(1, "%s: failed to parse format", proc_stat);
2157 
2158 	while (1) {
2159 		retval = fscanf(fp, "cpu%u %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d\n", &cpu_num);
2160 		if (retval != 1)
2161 			break;
2162 
2163 		retval = func(cpu_num);
2164 		if (retval) {
2165 			fclose(fp);
2166 			return(retval);
2167 		}
2168 	}
2169 	fclose(fp);
2170 	return 0;
2171 }
2172 
2173 void re_initialize(void)
2174 {
2175 	free_all_buffers();
2176 	setup_all_buffers();
2177 	printf("turbostat: re-initialized with num_cpus %d\n", topo.num_cpus);
2178 }
2179 
2180 
2181 /*
2182  * count_cpus()
2183  * remember the last one seen, it will be the max
2184  */
2185 int count_cpus(int cpu)
2186 {
2187 	if (topo.max_cpu_num < cpu)
2188 		topo.max_cpu_num = cpu;
2189 
2190 	topo.num_cpus += 1;
2191 	return 0;
2192 }
2193 int mark_cpu_present(int cpu)
2194 {
2195 	CPU_SET_S(cpu, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
2196 	return 0;
2197 }
2198 
2199 /*
2200  * snapshot_proc_interrupts()
2201  *
2202  * read and record summary of /proc/interrupts
2203  *
2204  * return 1 if config change requires a restart, else return 0
2205  */
2206 int snapshot_proc_interrupts(void)
2207 {
2208 	static FILE *fp;
2209 	int column, retval;
2210 
2211 	if (fp == NULL)
2212 		fp = fopen_or_die("/proc/interrupts", "r");
2213 	else
2214 		rewind(fp);
2215 
2216 	/* read 1st line of /proc/interrupts to get cpu* name for each column */
2217 	for (column = 0; column < topo.num_cpus; ++column) {
2218 		int cpu_number;
2219 
2220 		retval = fscanf(fp, " CPU%d", &cpu_number);
2221 		if (retval != 1)
2222 			break;
2223 
2224 		if (cpu_number > topo.max_cpu_num) {
2225 			warn("/proc/interrupts: cpu%d: > %d", cpu_number, topo.max_cpu_num);
2226 			return 1;
2227 		}
2228 
2229 		irq_column_2_cpu[column] = cpu_number;
2230 		irqs_per_cpu[cpu_number] = 0;
2231 	}
2232 
2233 	/* read /proc/interrupt count lines and sum up irqs per cpu */
2234 	while (1) {
2235 		int column;
2236 		char buf[64];
2237 
2238 		retval = fscanf(fp, " %s:", buf);	/* flush irq# "N:" */
2239 		if (retval != 1)
2240 			break;
2241 
2242 		/* read the count per cpu */
2243 		for (column = 0; column < topo.num_cpus; ++column) {
2244 
2245 			int cpu_number, irq_count;
2246 
2247 			retval = fscanf(fp, " %d", &irq_count);
2248 			if (retval != 1)
2249 				break;
2250 
2251 			cpu_number = irq_column_2_cpu[column];
2252 			irqs_per_cpu[cpu_number] += irq_count;
2253 
2254 		}
2255 
2256 		while (getc(fp) != '\n')
2257 			;	/* flush interrupt description */
2258 
2259 	}
2260 	return 0;
2261 }
2262 /*
2263  * snapshot_gfx_rc6_ms()
2264  *
2265  * record snapshot of
2266  * /sys/class/drm/card0/power/rc6_residency_ms
2267  *
2268  * return 1 if config change requires a restart, else return 0
2269  */
2270 int snapshot_gfx_rc6_ms(void)
2271 {
2272 	FILE *fp;
2273 	int retval;
2274 
2275 	fp = fopen_or_die("/sys/class/drm/card0/power/rc6_residency_ms", "r");
2276 
2277 	retval = fscanf(fp, "%lld", &gfx_cur_rc6_ms);
2278 	if (retval != 1)
2279 		err(1, "GFX rc6");
2280 
2281 	fclose(fp);
2282 
2283 	return 0;
2284 }
2285 /*
2286  * snapshot_gfx_mhz()
2287  *
2288  * record snapshot of
2289  * /sys/class/graphics/fb0/device/drm/card0/gt_cur_freq_mhz
2290  *
2291  * return 1 if config change requires a restart, else return 0
2292  */
2293 int snapshot_gfx_mhz(void)
2294 {
2295 	static FILE *fp;
2296 	int retval;
2297 
2298 	if (fp == NULL)
2299 		fp = fopen_or_die("/sys/class/graphics/fb0/device/drm/card0/gt_cur_freq_mhz", "r");
2300 	else
2301 		rewind(fp);
2302 
2303 	retval = fscanf(fp, "%d", &gfx_cur_mhz);
2304 	if (retval != 1)
2305 		err(1, "GFX MHz");
2306 
2307 	return 0;
2308 }
2309 
2310 /*
2311  * snapshot /proc and /sys files
2312  *
2313  * return 1 if configuration restart needed, else return 0
2314  */
2315 int snapshot_proc_sysfs_files(void)
2316 {
2317 	if (snapshot_proc_interrupts())
2318 		return 1;
2319 
2320 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_rc6))
2321 		snapshot_gfx_rc6_ms();
2322 
2323 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXMHz))
2324 		snapshot_gfx_mhz();
2325 
2326 	return 0;
2327 }
2328 
2329 void turbostat_loop()
2330 {
2331 	int retval;
2332 	int restarted = 0;
2333 
2334 restart:
2335 	restarted++;
2336 
2337 	snapshot_proc_sysfs_files();
2338 	retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
2339 	if (retval < -1) {
2340 		exit(retval);
2341 	} else if (retval == -1) {
2342 		if (restarted > 1) {
2343 			exit(retval);
2344 		}
2345 		re_initialize();
2346 		goto restart;
2347 	}
2348 	restarted = 0;
2349 	gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
2350 
2351 	while (1) {
2352 		if (for_all_proc_cpus(cpu_is_not_present)) {
2353 			re_initialize();
2354 			goto restart;
2355 		}
2356 		nanosleep(&interval_ts, NULL);
2357 		if (snapshot_proc_sysfs_files())
2358 			goto restart;
2359 		retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
2360 		if (retval < -1) {
2361 			exit(retval);
2362 		} else if (retval == -1) {
2363 			re_initialize();
2364 			goto restart;
2365 		}
2366 		gettimeofday(&tv_odd, (struct timezone *)NULL);
2367 		timersub(&tv_odd, &tv_even, &tv_delta);
2368 		if (for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, ODD_COUNTERS, EVEN_COUNTERS)) {
2369 			re_initialize();
2370 			goto restart;
2371 		}
2372 		compute_average(EVEN_COUNTERS);
2373 		format_all_counters(EVEN_COUNTERS);
2374 		flush_output_stdout();
2375 		nanosleep(&interval_ts, NULL);
2376 		if (snapshot_proc_sysfs_files())
2377 			goto restart;
2378 		retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
2379 		if (retval < -1) {
2380 			exit(retval);
2381 		} else if (retval == -1) {
2382 			re_initialize();
2383 			goto restart;
2384 		}
2385 		gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
2386 		timersub(&tv_even, &tv_odd, &tv_delta);
2387 		if (for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, EVEN_COUNTERS, ODD_COUNTERS)) {
2388 			re_initialize();
2389 			goto restart;
2390 		}
2391 		compute_average(ODD_COUNTERS);
2392 		format_all_counters(ODD_COUNTERS);
2393 		flush_output_stdout();
2394 	}
2395 }
2396 
2397 void check_dev_msr()
2398 {
2399 	struct stat sb;
2400 	char pathname[32];
2401 
2402 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", base_cpu);
2403 	if (stat(pathname, &sb))
2404  		if (system("/sbin/modprobe msr > /dev/null 2>&1"))
2405 			err(-5, "no /dev/cpu/0/msr, Try \"# modprobe msr\" ");
2406 }
2407 
2408 void check_permissions()
2409 {
2410 	struct __user_cap_header_struct cap_header_data;
2411 	cap_user_header_t cap_header = &cap_header_data;
2412 	struct __user_cap_data_struct cap_data_data;
2413 	cap_user_data_t cap_data = &cap_data_data;
2414 	extern int capget(cap_user_header_t hdrp, cap_user_data_t datap);
2415 	int do_exit = 0;
2416 	char pathname[32];
2417 
2418 	/* check for CAP_SYS_RAWIO */
2419 	cap_header->pid = getpid();
2420 	cap_header->version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION;
2421 	if (capget(cap_header, cap_data) < 0)
2422 		err(-6, "capget(2) failed");
2423 
2424 	if ((cap_data->effective & (1 << CAP_SYS_RAWIO)) == 0) {
2425 		do_exit++;
2426 		warnx("capget(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) failed,"
2427 			" try \"# setcap cap_sys_rawio=ep %s\"", progname);
2428 	}
2429 
2430 	/* test file permissions */
2431 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", base_cpu);
2432 	if (euidaccess(pathname, R_OK)) {
2433 		do_exit++;
2434 		warn("/dev/cpu/0/msr open failed, try chown or chmod +r /dev/cpu/*/msr");
2435 	}
2436 
2437 	/* if all else fails, thell them to be root */
2438 	if (do_exit)
2439 		if (getuid() != 0)
2440 			warnx("... or simply run as root");
2441 
2442 	if (do_exit)
2443 		exit(-6);
2444 }
2445 
2446 /*
2447  * NHM adds support for additional MSRs:
2448  *
2449  * MSR_SMI_COUNT                   0x00000034
2450  *
2451  * MSR_PLATFORM_INFO               0x000000ce
2452  * MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL     0x000000e2
2453  *
2454  * MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT               0x000001aa
2455  *
2456  * MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY            0x000003f8
2457  * MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY            0x000003f9
2458  * MSR_CORE_C3_RESIDENCY           0x000003fc
2459  * MSR_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY           0x000003fd
2460  *
2461  * Side effect:
2462  * sets global pkg_cstate_limit to decode MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL
2463  * sets has_misc_feature_control
2464  */
2465 int probe_nhm_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2466 {
2467 	unsigned long long msr;
2468 	unsigned int base_ratio;
2469 	int *pkg_cstate_limits;
2470 
2471 	if (!genuine_intel)
2472 		return 0;
2473 
2474 	if (family != 6)
2475 		return 0;
2476 
2477 	bclk = discover_bclk(family, model);
2478 
2479 	switch (model) {
2480 	case INTEL_FAM6_NEHALEM_EP:	/* Core i7, Xeon 5500 series - Bloomfield, Gainstown NHM-EP */
2481 	case INTEL_FAM6_NEHALEM:	/* Core i7 and i5 Processor - Clarksfield, Lynnfield, Jasper Forest */
2482 	case 0x1F:	/* Core i7 and i5 Processor - Nehalem */
2483 	case INTEL_FAM6_WESTMERE:	/* Westmere Client - Clarkdale, Arrandale */
2484 	case INTEL_FAM6_WESTMERE_EP:	/* Westmere EP - Gulftown */
2485 	case INTEL_FAM6_NEHALEM_EX:	/* Nehalem-EX Xeon - Beckton */
2486 	case INTEL_FAM6_WESTMERE_EX:	/* Westmere-EX Xeon - Eagleton */
2487 		pkg_cstate_limits = nhm_pkg_cstate_limits;
2488 		break;
2489 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE:	/* SNB */
2490 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE_X:	/* SNB Xeon */
2491 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE:	/* IVB */
2492 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X:	/* IVB Xeon */
2493 		pkg_cstate_limits = snb_pkg_cstate_limits;
2494 		has_misc_feature_control = 1;
2495 		break;
2496 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
2497 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
2498 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
2499 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
2500 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
2501 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E:	/* BDW */
2502 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
2503 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
2504 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
2505 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
2506 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
2507 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
2508 		pkg_cstate_limits = hsw_pkg_cstate_limits;
2509 		has_misc_feature_control = 1;
2510 		break;
2511 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
2512 		pkg_cstate_limits = skx_pkg_cstate_limits;
2513 		has_misc_feature_control = 1;
2514 		break;
2515 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:	/* BYT */
2516 		no_MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT = 1;
2517 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT2:	/* AVN */
2518 		pkg_cstate_limits = slv_pkg_cstate_limits;
2519 		break;
2520 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_AIRMONT:	/* AMT */
2521 		pkg_cstate_limits = amt_pkg_cstate_limits;
2522 		no_MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT = 1;
2523 		break;
2524 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* PHI */
2525 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2526 		pkg_cstate_limits = phi_pkg_cstate_limits;
2527 		break;
2528 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
2529 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON:	/* DNV */
2530 		pkg_cstate_limits = bxt_pkg_cstate_limits;
2531 		break;
2532 	default:
2533 		return 0;
2534 	}
2535 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL, &msr);
2536 	pkg_cstate_limit = pkg_cstate_limits[msr & 0xF];
2537 
2538 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, &msr);
2539 	base_ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
2540 
2541 	base_hz = base_ratio * bclk * 1000000;
2542 	has_base_hz = 1;
2543 	return 1;
2544 }
2545 /*
2546  * SLV client has supporet for unique MSRs:
2547  *
2548  * MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG
2549  * MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG
2550  */
2551 
2552 int has_slv_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2553 {
2554 	if (!genuine_intel)
2555 		return 0;
2556 
2557 	switch (model) {
2558 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:
2559 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_MERRIFIELD:
2560 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_MOOREFIELD:
2561 		return 1;
2562 	}
2563 	return 0;
2564 }
2565 
2566 int has_nhm_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2567 {
2568 	if (has_slv_msrs(family, model))
2569 		return 0;
2570 
2571 	switch (model) {
2572 	/* Nehalem compatible, but do not include turbo-ratio limit support */
2573 	case INTEL_FAM6_NEHALEM_EX:	/* Nehalem-EX Xeon - Beckton */
2574 	case INTEL_FAM6_WESTMERE_EX:	/* Westmere-EX Xeon - Eagleton */
2575 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* PHI - Knights Landing (different MSR definition) */
2576 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2577 		return 0;
2578 	default:
2579 		return 1;
2580 	}
2581 }
2582 int has_atom_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2583 {
2584 	if (has_slv_msrs(family, model))
2585 		return 1;
2586 
2587 	return 0;
2588 }
2589 int has_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2590 {
2591 	if (!genuine_intel)
2592 		return 0;
2593 
2594 	if (family != 6)
2595 		return 0;
2596 
2597 	switch (model) {
2598 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X:	/* IVB Xeon */
2599 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSW Xeon */
2600 		return 1;
2601 	default:
2602 		return 0;
2603 	}
2604 }
2605 int has_hsw_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2606 {
2607 	if (!genuine_intel)
2608 		return 0;
2609 
2610 	if (family != 6)
2611 		return 0;
2612 
2613 	switch (model) {
2614 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSW Xeon */
2615 		return 1;
2616 	default:
2617 		return 0;
2618 	}
2619 }
2620 
2621 int has_knl_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2622 {
2623 	if (!genuine_intel)
2624 		return 0;
2625 
2626 	if (family != 6)
2627 		return 0;
2628 
2629 	switch (model) {
2630 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* Knights Landing */
2631 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2632 		return 1;
2633 	default:
2634 		return 0;
2635 	}
2636 }
2637 int has_config_tdp(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2638 {
2639 	if (!genuine_intel)
2640 		return 0;
2641 
2642 	if (family != 6)
2643 		return 0;
2644 
2645 	switch (model) {
2646 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE:	/* IVB */
2647 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
2648 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
2649 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
2650 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
2651 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
2652 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E:	/* BDW */
2653 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
2654 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
2655 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
2656 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
2657 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
2658 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
2659 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
2660 
2661 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* Knights Landing */
2662 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2663 		return 1;
2664 	default:
2665 		return 0;
2666 	}
2667 }
2668 
2669 static void
2670 dump_cstate_pstate_config_info(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2671 {
2672 	if (!do_nhm_platform_info)
2673 		return;
2674 
2675 	dump_nhm_platform_info();
2676 
2677 	if (has_hsw_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2678 		dump_hsw_turbo_ratio_limits();
2679 
2680 	if (has_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2681 		dump_ivt_turbo_ratio_limits();
2682 
2683 	if (has_nhm_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2684 		dump_nhm_turbo_ratio_limits();
2685 
2686 	if (has_atom_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2687 		dump_atom_turbo_ratio_limits();
2688 
2689 	if (has_knl_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2690 		dump_knl_turbo_ratio_limits();
2691 
2692 	if (has_config_tdp(family, model))
2693 		dump_config_tdp();
2694 
2695 	dump_nhm_cst_cfg();
2696 }
2697 
2698 
2699 /*
2700  * print_epb()
2701  * Decode the ENERGY_PERF_BIAS MSR
2702  */
2703 int print_epb(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2704 {
2705 	unsigned long long msr;
2706 	char *epb_string;
2707 	int cpu;
2708 
2709 	if (!has_epb)
2710 		return 0;
2711 
2712 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2713 
2714 	/* EPB is per-package */
2715 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2716 		return 0;
2717 
2718 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2719 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2720 		return -1;
2721 	}
2722 
2723 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS, &msr))
2724 		return 0;
2725 
2726 	switch (msr & 0xF) {
2727 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_PERFORMANCE:
2728 		epb_string = "performance";
2729 		break;
2730 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_NORMAL:
2731 		epb_string = "balanced";
2732 		break;
2733 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_POWERSAVE:
2734 		epb_string = "powersave";
2735 		break;
2736 	default:
2737 		epb_string = "custom";
2738 		break;
2739 	}
2740 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: 0x%08llx (%s)\n", cpu, msr, epb_string);
2741 
2742 	return 0;
2743 }
2744 /*
2745  * print_hwp()
2746  * Decode the MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES
2747  */
2748 int print_hwp(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2749 {
2750 	unsigned long long msr;
2751 	int cpu;
2752 
2753 	if (!has_hwp)
2754 		return 0;
2755 
2756 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2757 
2758 	/* MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES is per-package */
2759 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2760 		return 0;
2761 
2762 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2763 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2764 		return -1;
2765 	}
2766 
2767 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PM_ENABLE, &msr))
2768 		return 0;
2769 
2770 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PM_ENABLE: 0x%08llx (%sHWP)\n",
2771 		cpu, msr, (msr & (1 << 0)) ? "" : "No-");
2772 
2773 	/* MSR_PM_ENABLE[1] == 1 if HWP is enabled and MSRs visible */
2774 	if ((msr & (1 << 0)) == 0)
2775 		return 0;
2776 
2777 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES, &msr))
2778 		return 0;
2779 
2780 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES: 0x%08llx "
2781 			"(high 0x%x guar 0x%x eff 0x%x low 0x%x)\n",
2782 			cpu, msr,
2783 			(unsigned int)HWP_HIGHEST_PERF(msr),
2784 			(unsigned int)HWP_GUARANTEED_PERF(msr),
2785 			(unsigned int)HWP_MOSTEFFICIENT_PERF(msr),
2786 			(unsigned int)HWP_LOWEST_PERF(msr));
2787 
2788 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_REQUEST, &msr))
2789 		return 0;
2790 
2791 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_REQUEST: 0x%08llx "
2792 			"(min 0x%x max 0x%x des 0x%x epp 0x%x window 0x%x pkg 0x%x)\n",
2793 			cpu, msr,
2794 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 0) & 0xff),
2795 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 8) & 0xff),
2796 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 16) & 0xff),
2797 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 24) & 0xff),
2798 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 32) & 0xff3),
2799 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 42) & 0x1));
2800 
2801 	if (has_hwp_pkg) {
2802 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_REQUEST_PKG, &msr))
2803 			return 0;
2804 
2805 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_REQUEST_PKG: 0x%08llx "
2806 			"(min 0x%x max 0x%x des 0x%x epp 0x%x window 0x%x)\n",
2807 			cpu, msr,
2808 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 0) & 0xff),
2809 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 8) & 0xff),
2810 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 16) & 0xff),
2811 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 24) & 0xff),
2812 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 32) & 0xff3));
2813 	}
2814 	if (has_hwp_notify) {
2815 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_INTERRUPT, &msr))
2816 			return 0;
2817 
2818 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_INTERRUPT: 0x%08llx "
2819 			"(%s_Guaranteed_Perf_Change, %s_Excursion_Min)\n",
2820 			cpu, msr,
2821 			((msr) & 0x1) ? "EN" : "Dis",
2822 			((msr) & 0x2) ? "EN" : "Dis");
2823 	}
2824 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_STATUS, &msr))
2825 		return 0;
2826 
2827 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_STATUS: 0x%08llx "
2828 			"(%sGuaranteed_Perf_Change, %sExcursion_Min)\n",
2829 			cpu, msr,
2830 			((msr) & 0x1) ? "" : "No-",
2831 			((msr) & 0x2) ? "" : "No-");
2832 
2833 	return 0;
2834 }
2835 
2836 /*
2837  * print_perf_limit()
2838  */
2839 int print_perf_limit(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2840 {
2841 	unsigned long long msr;
2842 	int cpu;
2843 
2844 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2845 
2846 	/* per-package */
2847 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2848 		return 0;
2849 
2850 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2851 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2852 		return -1;
2853 	}
2854 
2855 	if (do_core_perf_limit_reasons) {
2856 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2857 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CORE_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2858 		fprintf(outf, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2859 			(msr & 1 << 15) ? "bit15, " : "",
2860 			(msr & 1 << 14) ? "bit14, " : "",
2861 			(msr & 1 << 13) ? "Transitions, " : "",
2862 			(msr & 1 << 12) ? "MultiCoreTurbo, " : "",
2863 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "",
2864 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2865 			(msr & 1 << 9) ? "CorePwr, " : "",
2866 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2867 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2868 			(msr & 1 << 5) ? "Auto-HWP, " : "",
2869 			(msr & 1 << 4) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2870 			(msr & 1 << 2) ? "bit2, " : "",
2871 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2872 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "");
2873 		fprintf(outf, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2874 			(msr & 1 << 31) ? "bit31, " : "",
2875 			(msr & 1 << 30) ? "bit30, " : "",
2876 			(msr & 1 << 29) ? "Transitions, " : "",
2877 			(msr & 1 << 28) ? "MultiCoreTurbo, " : "",
2878 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "",
2879 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2880 			(msr & 1 << 25) ? "CorePwr, " : "",
2881 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2882 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2883 			(msr & 1 << 21) ? "Auto-HWP, " : "",
2884 			(msr & 1 << 20) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2885 			(msr & 1 << 18) ? "bit18, " : "",
2886 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2887 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "");
2888 
2889 	}
2890 	if (do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons) {
2891 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_GFX_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2892 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_GFX_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2893 		fprintf(outf, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2894 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2895 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2896 			(msr & 1 << 4) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2897 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2898 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2899 			(msr & 1 << 9) ? "GFXPwr, " : "",
2900 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2901 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2902 		fprintf(outf, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2903 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2904 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2905 			(msr & 1 << 20) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2906 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2907 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2908 			(msr & 1 << 25) ? "GFXPwr, " : "",
2909 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2910 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2911 	}
2912 	if (do_ring_perf_limit_reasons) {
2913 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_RING_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2914 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_RING_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2915 		fprintf(outf, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2916 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2917 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2918 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2919 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2920 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2921 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2922 		fprintf(outf, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2923 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2924 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2925 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2926 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2927 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2928 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2929 	}
2930 	return 0;
2931 }
2932 
2933 #define	RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY	0x7FFF	/* 15 bit power granularity */
2934 #define	RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY	0x3F /* 6 bit time granularity */
2935 
2936 double get_tdp(unsigned int model)
2937 {
2938 	unsigned long long msr;
2939 
2940 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO)
2941 		if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO, &msr))
2942 			return ((msr >> 0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units;
2943 
2944 	switch (model) {
2945 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:
2946 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT2:
2947 		return 30.0;
2948 	default:
2949 		return 135.0;
2950 	}
2951 }
2952 
2953 /*
2954  * rapl_dram_energy_units_probe()
2955  * Energy units are either hard-coded, or come from RAPL Energy Unit MSR.
2956  */
2957 static double
2958 rapl_dram_energy_units_probe(int  model, double rapl_energy_units)
2959 {
2960 	/* only called for genuine_intel, family 6 */
2961 
2962 	switch (model) {
2963 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
2964 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
2965 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
2966 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* KNL */
2967 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2968 		return (rapl_dram_energy_units = 15.3 / 1000000);
2969 	default:
2970 		return (rapl_energy_units);
2971 	}
2972 }
2973 
2974 
2975 /*
2976  * rapl_probe()
2977  *
2978  * sets do_rapl, rapl_power_units, rapl_energy_units, rapl_time_units
2979  */
2980 void rapl_probe(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2981 {
2982 	unsigned long long msr;
2983 	unsigned int time_unit;
2984 	double tdp;
2985 
2986 	if (!genuine_intel)
2987 		return;
2988 
2989 	if (family != 6)
2990 		return;
2991 
2992 	switch (model) {
2993 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE:
2994 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE:
2995 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
2996 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
2997 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
2998 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
2999 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E:	/* BDW */
3000 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES | RAPL_CORE_POLICY | RAPL_GFX | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
3001 		if (rapl_joules) {
3002 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
3003 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
3004 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_GFX_J);
3005 		} else {
3006 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
3007 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
3008 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_GFXWatt);
3009 		}
3010 		break;
3011 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
3012 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
3013 		if (rapl_joules)
3014 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
3015 		else
3016 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
3017 		break;
3018 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3019 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3020 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3021 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3022 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
3023 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PKG__);
3024 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM__);
3025 		if (rapl_joules) {
3026 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
3027 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
3028 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM_J);
3029 		} else {
3030 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
3031 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
3032 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAMWatt);
3033 		}
3034 		break;
3035 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
3036 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
3037 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
3038 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
3039 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* KNL */
3040 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
3041 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
3042 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PKG__);
3043 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM__);
3044 		if (rapl_joules) {
3045 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
3046 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM_J);
3047 		} else {
3048 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
3049 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAMWatt);
3050 		}
3051 		break;
3052 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE_X:
3053 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X:
3054 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES | RAPL_CORE_POLICY | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
3055 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PKG__);
3056 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM__);
3057 		if (rapl_joules) {
3058 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
3059 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
3060 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM_J);
3061 		} else {
3062 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
3063 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
3064 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAMWatt);
3065 		}
3066 		break;
3067 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:	/* BYT */
3068 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT2:	/* AVN */
3069 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES;
3070 		if (rapl_joules) {
3071 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
3072 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
3073 		} else {
3074 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
3075 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
3076 		}
3077 		break;
3078 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON:	/* DNV */
3079 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO | RAPL_CORES_ENERGY_STATUS;
3080 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PKG__);
3081 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM__);
3082 		if (rapl_joules) {
3083 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
3084 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
3085 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM_J);
3086 		} else {
3087 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
3088 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
3089 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAMWatt);
3090 		}
3091 		break;
3092 	default:
3093 		return;
3094 	}
3095 
3096 	/* units on package 0, verify later other packages match */
3097 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, &msr))
3098 		return;
3099 
3100 	rapl_power_units = 1.0 / (1 << (msr & 0xF));
3101 	if (model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1)
3102 		rapl_energy_units = 1.0 * (1 << (msr >> 8 & 0x1F)) / 1000000;
3103 	else
3104 		rapl_energy_units = 1.0 / (1 << (msr >> 8 & 0x1F));
3105 
3106 	rapl_dram_energy_units = rapl_dram_energy_units_probe(model, rapl_energy_units);
3107 
3108 	time_unit = msr >> 16 & 0xF;
3109 	if (time_unit == 0)
3110 		time_unit = 0xA;
3111 
3112 	rapl_time_units = 1.0 / (1 << (time_unit));
3113 
3114 	tdp = get_tdp(model);
3115 
3116 	rapl_joule_counter_range = 0xFFFFFFFF * rapl_energy_units / tdp;
3117 	if (debug)
3118 		fprintf(outf, "RAPL: %.0f sec. Joule Counter Range, at %.0f Watts\n", rapl_joule_counter_range, tdp);
3119 
3120 	return;
3121 }
3122 
3123 void perf_limit_reasons_probe(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3124 {
3125 	if (!genuine_intel)
3126 		return;
3127 
3128 	if (family != 6)
3129 		return;
3130 
3131 	switch (model) {
3132 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
3133 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
3134 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
3135 		do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
3136 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
3137 		do_core_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
3138 		do_ring_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
3139 	default:
3140 		return;
3141 	}
3142 }
3143 
3144 int print_thermal(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
3145 {
3146 	unsigned long long msr;
3147 	unsigned int dts;
3148 	int cpu;
3149 
3150 	if (!(do_dts || do_ptm))
3151 		return 0;
3152 
3153 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
3154 
3155 	/* DTS is per-core, no need to print for each thread */
3156 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
3157 		return 0;
3158 
3159 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
3160 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
3161 		return -1;
3162 	}
3163 
3164 	if (do_ptm && (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE)) {
3165 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
3166 			return 0;
3167 
3168 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
3169 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS: 0x%08llx (%d C)\n",
3170 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts);
3171 
3172 #ifdef	THERM_DEBUG
3173 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT, &msr))
3174 			return 0;
3175 
3176 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
3177 		dts2 = (msr >> 8) & 0x7F;
3178 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT: 0x%08llx (%d C, %d C)\n",
3179 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, tcc_activation_temp - dts2);
3180 #endif
3181 	}
3182 
3183 
3184 	if (do_dts) {
3185 		unsigned int resolution;
3186 
3187 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
3188 			return 0;
3189 
3190 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
3191 		resolution = (msr >> 27) & 0xF;
3192 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS: 0x%08llx (%d C +/- %d)\n",
3193 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, resolution);
3194 
3195 #ifdef THERM_DEBUG
3196 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_INTERRUPT, &msr))
3197 			return 0;
3198 
3199 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
3200 		dts2 = (msr >> 8) & 0x7F;
3201 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_THERM_INTERRUPT: 0x%08llx (%d C, %d C)\n",
3202 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, tcc_activation_temp - dts2);
3203 #endif
3204 	}
3205 
3206 	return 0;
3207 }
3208 
3209 void print_power_limit_msr(int cpu, unsigned long long msr, char *label)
3210 {
3211 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: %s: %sabled (%f Watts, %f sec, clamp %sabled)\n",
3212 		cpu, label,
3213 		((msr >> 15) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS",
3214 		((msr >> 0) & 0x7FFF) * rapl_power_units,
3215 		(1.0 + (((msr >> 22) & 0x3)/4.0)) * (1 << ((msr >> 17) & 0x1F)) * rapl_time_units,
3216 		(((msr >> 16) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS"));
3217 
3218 	return;
3219 }
3220 
3221 int print_rapl(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
3222 {
3223 	unsigned long long msr;
3224 	int cpu;
3225 
3226 	if (!do_rapl)
3227 		return 0;
3228 
3229 	/* RAPL counters are per package, so print only for 1st thread/package */
3230 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
3231 		return 0;
3232 
3233 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
3234 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
3235 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
3236 		return -1;
3237 	}
3238 
3239 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, &msr))
3240 		return -1;
3241 
3242 	if (debug) {
3243 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT: 0x%08llx "
3244 			"(%f Watts, %f Joules, %f sec.)\n", cpu, msr,
3245 			rapl_power_units, rapl_energy_units, rapl_time_units);
3246 	}
3247 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO) {
3248 
3249 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO, &msr))
3250                 	return -5;
3251 
3252 
3253 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO: 0x%08llx (%.0f W TDP, RAPL %.0f - %.0f W, %f sec.)\n",
3254 			cpu, msr,
3255 			((msr >>  0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3256 			((msr >> 16) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3257 			((msr >> 32) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3258 			((msr >> 48) & RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY) * rapl_time_units);
3259 
3260 	}
3261 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG) {
3262 
3263 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
3264 			return -9;
3265 
3266 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
3267 			cpu, msr, (msr >> 63) & 1 ? "": "UN");
3268 
3269 		print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "PKG Limit #1");
3270 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: PKG Limit #2: %sabled (%f Watts, %f* sec, clamp %sabled)\n",
3271 			cpu,
3272 			((msr >> 47) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS",
3273 			((msr >> 32) & 0x7FFF) * rapl_power_units,
3274 			(1.0 + (((msr >> 54) & 0x3)/4.0)) * (1 << ((msr >> 49) & 0x1F)) * rapl_time_units,
3275 			((msr >> 48) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS");
3276 	}
3277 
3278 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO) {
3279 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO, &msr))
3280                 	return -6;
3281 
3282 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO,: 0x%08llx (%.0f W TDP, RAPL %.0f - %.0f W, %f sec.)\n",
3283 			cpu, msr,
3284 			((msr >>  0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3285 			((msr >> 16) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3286 			((msr >> 32) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3287 			((msr >> 48) & RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY) * rapl_time_units);
3288 	}
3289 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM) {
3290 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
3291 			return -9;
3292 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
3293 				cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
3294 
3295 		print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "DRAM Limit");
3296 	}
3297 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORE_POLICY) {
3298 		if (debug) {
3299 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_POLICY, &msr))
3300 				return -7;
3301 
3302 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PP0_POLICY: %lld\n", cpu, msr & 0xF);
3303 		}
3304 	}
3305 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES_POWER_LIMIT) {
3306 		if (debug) {
3307 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
3308 				return -9;
3309 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
3310 					cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
3311 			print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "Cores Limit");
3312 		}
3313 	}
3314 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX) {
3315 		if (debug) {
3316 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_POLICY, &msr))
3317 				return -8;
3318 
3319 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PP1_POLICY: %lld\n", cpu, msr & 0xF);
3320 
3321 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
3322 				return -9;
3323 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
3324 					cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
3325 			print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "GFX Limit");
3326 		}
3327 	}
3328 	return 0;
3329 }
3330 
3331 /*
3332  * SNB adds support for additional MSRs:
3333  *
3334  * MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY            0x000003fa
3335  * MSR_CORE_C7_RESIDENCY           0x000003fe
3336  * MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY            0x0000060d
3337  */
3338 
3339 int has_snb_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3340 {
3341 	if (!genuine_intel)
3342 		return 0;
3343 
3344 	switch (model) {
3345 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE:
3346 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE_X:
3347 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE:	/* IVB */
3348 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X:	/* IVB Xeon */
3349 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
3350 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSW */
3351 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
3352 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
3353 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
3354 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E:	/* BDW */
3355 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
3356 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
3357 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3358 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3359 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3360 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3361 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
3362 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
3363 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON:	/* DNV */
3364 		return 1;
3365 	}
3366 	return 0;
3367 }
3368 
3369 /*
3370  * HSW adds support for additional MSRs:
3371  *
3372  * MSR_PKG_C8_RESIDENCY		0x00000630
3373  * MSR_PKG_C9_RESIDENCY		0x00000631
3374  * MSR_PKG_C10_RESIDENCY	0x00000632
3375  *
3376  * MSR_PKGC8_IRTL		0x00000633
3377  * MSR_PKGC9_IRTL		0x00000634
3378  * MSR_PKGC10_IRTL		0x00000635
3379  *
3380  */
3381 int has_hsw_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3382 {
3383 	if (!genuine_intel)
3384 		return 0;
3385 
3386 	switch (model) {
3387 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
3388 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
3389 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3390 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3391 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3392 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3393 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
3394 		return 1;
3395 	}
3396 	return 0;
3397 }
3398 
3399 /*
3400  * SKL adds support for additional MSRS:
3401  *
3402  * MSR_PKG_WEIGHTED_CORE_C0_RES    0x00000658
3403  * MSR_PKG_ANY_CORE_C0_RES         0x00000659
3404  * MSR_PKG_ANY_GFXE_C0_RES         0x0000065A
3405  * MSR_PKG_BOTH_CORE_GFXE_C0_RES   0x0000065B
3406  */
3407 int has_skl_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3408 {
3409 	if (!genuine_intel)
3410 		return 0;
3411 
3412 	switch (model) {
3413 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3414 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3415 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3416 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3417 		return 1;
3418 	}
3419 	return 0;
3420 }
3421 
3422 int is_slm(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3423 {
3424 	if (!genuine_intel)
3425 		return 0;
3426 	switch (model) {
3427 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:	/* BYT */
3428 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT2:	/* AVN */
3429 		return 1;
3430 	}
3431 	return 0;
3432 }
3433 
3434 int is_knl(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3435 {
3436 	if (!genuine_intel)
3437 		return 0;
3438 	switch (model) {
3439 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* KNL */
3440 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
3441 		return 1;
3442 	}
3443 	return 0;
3444 }
3445 
3446 unsigned int get_aperf_mperf_multiplier(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3447 {
3448 	if (is_knl(family, model))
3449 		return 1024;
3450 	return 1;
3451 }
3452 
3453 #define SLM_BCLK_FREQS 5
3454 double slm_freq_table[SLM_BCLK_FREQS] = { 83.3, 100.0, 133.3, 116.7, 80.0};
3455 
3456 double slm_bclk(void)
3457 {
3458 	unsigned long long msr = 3;
3459 	unsigned int i;
3460 	double freq;
3461 
3462 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_FSB_FREQ, &msr))
3463 		fprintf(outf, "SLM BCLK: unknown\n");
3464 
3465 	i = msr & 0xf;
3466 	if (i >= SLM_BCLK_FREQS) {
3467 		fprintf(outf, "SLM BCLK[%d] invalid\n", i);
3468 		i = 3;
3469 	}
3470 	freq = slm_freq_table[i];
3471 
3472 	if (debug)
3473 		fprintf(outf, "SLM BCLK: %.1f Mhz\n", freq);
3474 
3475 	return freq;
3476 }
3477 
3478 double discover_bclk(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3479 {
3480 	if (has_snb_msrs(family, model) || is_knl(family, model))
3481 		return 100.00;
3482 	else if (is_slm(family, model))
3483 		return slm_bclk();
3484 	else
3485 		return 133.33;
3486 }
3487 
3488 /*
3489  * MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET indicates the temperature where
3490  * the Thermal Control Circuit (TCC) activates.
3491  * This is usually equal to tjMax.
3492  *
3493  * Older processors do not have this MSR, so there we guess,
3494  * but also allow cmdline over-ride with -T.
3495  *
3496  * Several MSR temperature values are in units of degrees-C
3497  * below this value, including the Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS),
3498  * Package Thermal Management Sensor (PTM), and thermal event thresholds.
3499  */
3500 int set_temperature_target(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
3501 {
3502 	unsigned long long msr;
3503 	unsigned int target_c_local;
3504 	int cpu;
3505 
3506 	/* tcc_activation_temp is used only for dts or ptm */
3507 	if (!(do_dts || do_ptm))
3508 		return 0;
3509 
3510 	/* this is a per-package concept */
3511 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
3512 		return 0;
3513 
3514 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
3515 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
3516 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
3517 		return -1;
3518 	}
3519 
3520 	if (tcc_activation_temp_override != 0) {
3521 		tcc_activation_temp = tcc_activation_temp_override;
3522 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: Using cmdline TCC Target (%d C)\n",
3523 			cpu, tcc_activation_temp);
3524 		return 0;
3525 	}
3526 
3527 	/* Temperature Target MSR is Nehalem and newer only */
3528 	if (!do_nhm_platform_info)
3529 		goto guess;
3530 
3531 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET, &msr))
3532 		goto guess;
3533 
3534 	target_c_local = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
3535 
3536 	if (debug)
3537 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET: 0x%08llx (%d C)\n",
3538 			cpu, msr, target_c_local);
3539 
3540 	if (!target_c_local)
3541 		goto guess;
3542 
3543 	tcc_activation_temp = target_c_local;
3544 
3545 	return 0;
3546 
3547 guess:
3548 	tcc_activation_temp = TJMAX_DEFAULT;
3549 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: Guessing tjMax %d C, Please use -T to specify\n",
3550 		cpu, tcc_activation_temp);
3551 
3552 	return 0;
3553 }
3554 
3555 void decode_feature_control_msr(void)
3556 {
3557 	unsigned long long msr;
3558 
3559 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_FEATURE_CONTROL, &msr))
3560 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_FEATURE_CONTROL: 0x%08llx (%sLocked %s)\n",
3561 			base_cpu, msr,
3562 			msr & FEATURE_CONTROL_LOCKED ? "" : "UN-",
3563 			msr & (1 << 18) ? "SGX" : "");
3564 }
3565 
3566 void decode_misc_enable_msr(void)
3567 {
3568 	unsigned long long msr;
3569 
3570 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE, &msr))
3571 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE: 0x%08llx (%sTCC %sEIST %sMWAIT %sPREFETCH %sTURBO)\n",
3572 			base_cpu, msr,
3573 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_TM1 ? "" : "No-",
3574 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_ENHANCED_SPEEDSTEP ? "" : "No-",
3575 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_MWAIT ? "No-" : "",
3576 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_PREFETCH_DISABLE ? "No-" : "",
3577 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_TURBO_DISABLE ? "No-" : "");
3578 }
3579 
3580 void decode_misc_feature_control(void)
3581 {
3582 	unsigned long long msr;
3583 
3584 	if (!has_misc_feature_control)
3585 		return;
3586 
3587 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_MISC_FEATURE_CONTROL, &msr))
3588 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_MISC_FEATURE_CONTROL: 0x%08llx (%sL2-Prefetch %sL2-Prefetch-pair %sL1-Prefetch %sL1-IP-Prefetch)\n",
3589 			base_cpu, msr,
3590 			msr & (0 << 0) ? "No-" : "",
3591 			msr & (1 << 0) ? "No-" : "",
3592 			msr & (2 << 0) ? "No-" : "",
3593 			msr & (3 << 0) ? "No-" : "");
3594 }
3595 /*
3596  * Decode MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT
3597  *
3598  * Decode the bits according to the Nehalem documentation
3599  * bit[0] seems to continue to have same meaning going forward
3600  * bit[1] less so...
3601  */
3602 void decode_misc_pwr_mgmt_msr(void)
3603 {
3604 	unsigned long long msr;
3605 
3606 	if (!do_nhm_platform_info)
3607 		return;
3608 
3609 	if (no_MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT)
3610 		return;
3611 
3612 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT, &msr))
3613 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT: 0x%08llx (%sable-EIST_Coordination %sable-EPB %sable-OOB)\n",
3614 			base_cpu, msr,
3615 			msr & (1 << 0) ? "DIS" : "EN",
3616 			msr & (1 << 1) ? "EN" : "DIS",
3617 			msr & (1 << 8) ? "EN" : "DIS");
3618 }
3619 /*
3620  * Decode MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG, MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG
3621  *
3622  * This MSRs are present on Silvermont processors,
3623  * Intel Atom processor E3000 series (Baytrail), and friends.
3624  */
3625 void decode_c6_demotion_policy_msr(void)
3626 {
3627 	unsigned long long msr;
3628 
3629 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG, &msr))
3630 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG: 0x%08llx (%sable-CC6-Demotion)\n",
3631 			base_cpu, msr, msr & (1 << 0) ? "EN" : "DIS");
3632 
3633 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG, &msr))
3634 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG: 0x%08llx (%sable-MC6-Demotion)\n",
3635 			base_cpu, msr, msr & (1 << 0) ? "EN" : "DIS");
3636 }
3637 
3638 void process_cpuid()
3639 {
3640 	unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx, max_level, max_extended_level;
3641 	unsigned int fms, family, model, stepping;
3642 	unsigned int has_turbo;
3643 
3644 	eax = ebx = ecx = edx = 0;
3645 
3646 	__cpuid(0, max_level, ebx, ecx, edx);
3647 
3648 	if (ebx == 0x756e6547 && edx == 0x49656e69 && ecx == 0x6c65746e)
3649 		genuine_intel = 1;
3650 
3651 	if (debug)
3652 		fprintf(outf, "CPUID(0): %.4s%.4s%.4s ",
3653 			(char *)&ebx, (char *)&edx, (char *)&ecx);
3654 
3655 	__cpuid(1, fms, ebx, ecx, edx);
3656 	family = (fms >> 8) & 0xf;
3657 	model = (fms >> 4) & 0xf;
3658 	stepping = fms & 0xf;
3659 	if (family == 6 || family == 0xf)
3660 		model += ((fms >> 16) & 0xf) << 4;
3661 
3662 	if (debug) {
3663 		fprintf(outf, "%d CPUID levels; family:model:stepping 0x%x:%x:%x (%d:%d:%d)\n",
3664 			max_level, family, model, stepping, family, model, stepping);
3665 		fprintf(outf, "CPUID(1): %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s\n",
3666 			ecx & (1 << 0) ? "SSE3" : "-",
3667 			ecx & (1 << 3) ? "MONITOR" : "-",
3668 			ecx & (1 << 6) ? "SMX" : "-",
3669 			ecx & (1 << 7) ? "EIST" : "-",
3670 			ecx & (1 << 8) ? "TM2" : "-",
3671 			edx & (1 << 4) ? "TSC" : "-",
3672 			edx & (1 << 5) ? "MSR" : "-",
3673 			edx & (1 << 22) ? "ACPI-TM" : "-",
3674 			edx & (1 << 29) ? "TM" : "-");
3675 	}
3676 
3677 	if (!(edx & (1 << 5)))
3678 		errx(1, "CPUID: no MSR");
3679 
3680 	/*
3681 	 * check max extended function levels of CPUID.
3682 	 * This is needed to check for invariant TSC.
3683 	 * This check is valid for both Intel and AMD.
3684 	 */
3685 	ebx = ecx = edx = 0;
3686 	__cpuid(0x80000000, max_extended_level, ebx, ecx, edx);
3687 
3688 	if (max_extended_level >= 0x80000007) {
3689 
3690 		/*
3691 		 * Non-Stop TSC is advertised by CPUID.EAX=0x80000007: EDX.bit8
3692 		 * this check is valid for both Intel and AMD
3693 		 */
3694 		__cpuid(0x80000007, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
3695 		has_invariant_tsc = edx & (1 << 8);
3696 	}
3697 
3698 	/*
3699 	 * APERF/MPERF is advertised by CPUID.EAX=0x6: ECX.bit0
3700 	 * this check is valid for both Intel and AMD
3701 	 */
3702 
3703 	__cpuid(0x6, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
3704 	has_aperf = ecx & (1 << 0);
3705 	if (has_aperf) {
3706 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Avg_MHz);
3707 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Busy);
3708 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Bzy_MHz);
3709 	}
3710 	do_dts = eax & (1 << 0);
3711 	if (do_dts)
3712 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CoreTmp);
3713 	has_turbo = eax & (1 << 1);
3714 	do_ptm = eax & (1 << 6);
3715 	if (do_ptm)
3716 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgTmp);
3717 	has_hwp = eax & (1 << 7);
3718 	has_hwp_notify = eax & (1 << 8);
3719 	has_hwp_activity_window = eax & (1 << 9);
3720 	has_hwp_epp = eax & (1 << 10);
3721 	has_hwp_pkg = eax & (1 << 11);
3722 	has_epb = ecx & (1 << 3);
3723 
3724 	if (debug)
3725 		fprintf(outf, "CPUID(6): %sAPERF, %sTURBO, %sDTS, %sPTM, %sHWP, "
3726 			"%sHWPnotify, %sHWPwindow, %sHWPepp, %sHWPpkg, %sEPB\n",
3727 			has_aperf ? "" : "No-",
3728 			has_turbo ? "" : "No-",
3729 			do_dts ? "" : "No-",
3730 			do_ptm ? "" : "No-",
3731 			has_hwp ? "" : "No-",
3732 			has_hwp_notify ? "" : "No-",
3733 			has_hwp_activity_window ? "" : "No-",
3734 			has_hwp_epp ? "" : "No-",
3735 			has_hwp_pkg ? "" : "No-",
3736 			has_epb ? "" : "No-");
3737 
3738 	if (debug)
3739 		decode_misc_enable_msr();
3740 
3741 
3742 	if (max_level >= 0x7 && debug) {
3743 		int has_sgx;
3744 
3745 		ecx = 0;
3746 
3747 		__cpuid_count(0x7, 0, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
3748 
3749 		has_sgx = ebx & (1 << 2);
3750 		fprintf(outf, "CPUID(7): %sSGX\n", has_sgx ? "" : "No-");
3751 
3752 		if (has_sgx)
3753 			decode_feature_control_msr();
3754 	}
3755 
3756 	if (max_level >= 0x15) {
3757 		unsigned int eax_crystal;
3758 		unsigned int ebx_tsc;
3759 
3760 		/*
3761 		 * CPUID 15H TSC/Crystal ratio, possibly Crystal Hz
3762 		 */
3763 		eax_crystal = ebx_tsc = crystal_hz = edx = 0;
3764 		__cpuid(0x15, eax_crystal, ebx_tsc, crystal_hz, edx);
3765 
3766 		if (ebx_tsc != 0) {
3767 
3768 			if (debug && (ebx != 0))
3769 				fprintf(outf, "CPUID(0x15): eax_crystal: %d ebx_tsc: %d ecx_crystal_hz: %d\n",
3770 					eax_crystal, ebx_tsc, crystal_hz);
3771 
3772 			if (crystal_hz == 0)
3773 				switch(model) {
3774 				case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3775 				case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3776 				case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3777 				case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3778 					crystal_hz = 24000000;	/* 24.0 MHz */
3779 					break;
3780 				case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
3781 				case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON:	/* DNV */
3782 					crystal_hz = 25000000;	/* 25.0 MHz */
3783 					break;
3784 				case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
3785 					crystal_hz = 19200000;	/* 19.2 MHz */
3786 					break;
3787 				default:
3788 					crystal_hz = 0;
3789 			}
3790 
3791 			if (crystal_hz) {
3792 				tsc_hz =  (unsigned long long) crystal_hz * ebx_tsc / eax_crystal;
3793 				if (debug)
3794 					fprintf(outf, "TSC: %lld MHz (%d Hz * %d / %d / 1000000)\n",
3795 						tsc_hz / 1000000, crystal_hz, ebx_tsc,  eax_crystal);
3796 			}
3797 		}
3798 	}
3799 	if (max_level >= 0x16) {
3800 		unsigned int base_mhz, max_mhz, bus_mhz, edx;
3801 
3802 		/*
3803 		 * CPUID 16H Base MHz, Max MHz, Bus MHz
3804 		 */
3805 		base_mhz = max_mhz = bus_mhz = edx = 0;
3806 
3807 		__cpuid(0x16, base_mhz, max_mhz, bus_mhz, edx);
3808 		if (debug)
3809 			fprintf(outf, "CPUID(0x16): base_mhz: %d max_mhz: %d bus_mhz: %d\n",
3810 				base_mhz, max_mhz, bus_mhz);
3811 	}
3812 
3813 	if (has_aperf)
3814 		aperf_mperf_multiplier = get_aperf_mperf_multiplier(family, model);
3815 
3816 	BIC_PRESENT(BIC_IRQ);
3817 	BIC_PRESENT(BIC_TSC_MHz);
3818 
3819 	if (probe_nhm_msrs(family, model)) {
3820 		do_nhm_platform_info = 1;
3821 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU_c1);
3822 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU_c3);
3823 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU_c6);
3824 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_SMI);
3825 	}
3826 	do_snb_cstates = has_snb_msrs(family, model);
3827 
3828 	if (do_snb_cstates)
3829 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU_c7);
3830 
3831 	do_irtl_snb = has_snb_msrs(family, model);
3832 	do_pc2 = do_snb_cstates && (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__2);
3833 	do_pc3 = (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__3);
3834 	do_pc6 = (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__6);
3835 	do_pc7 = do_snb_cstates && (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__7);
3836 	if (has_slv_msrs(family, model)) {
3837 		do_pc2 = do_pc3 = do_pc7 = 0;
3838 		do_pc6 = 1;
3839 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Mod_c6);
3840 		use_c1_residency_msr = 1;
3841 	}
3842 	do_c8_c9_c10 = has_hsw_msrs(family, model);
3843 	do_irtl_hsw = has_hsw_msrs(family, model);
3844 	do_skl_residency = has_skl_msrs(family, model);
3845 	do_slm_cstates = is_slm(family, model);
3846 	do_knl_cstates  = is_knl(family, model);
3847 
3848 	if (debug)
3849 		decode_misc_pwr_mgmt_msr();
3850 
3851 	if (debug && has_slv_msrs(family, model))
3852 		decode_c6_demotion_policy_msr();
3853 
3854 	rapl_probe(family, model);
3855 	perf_limit_reasons_probe(family, model);
3856 
3857 	if (debug)
3858 		dump_cstate_pstate_config_info(family, model);
3859 
3860 	if (has_skl_msrs(family, model))
3861 		calculate_tsc_tweak();
3862 
3863 	if (!access("/sys/class/drm/card0/power/rc6_residency_ms", R_OK))
3864 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_GFX_rc6);
3865 
3866 	if (!access("/sys/class/graphics/fb0/device/drm/card0/gt_cur_freq_mhz", R_OK))
3867 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_GFXMHz);
3868 
3869 	if (debug)
3870 		decode_misc_feature_control();
3871 
3872 	return;
3873 }
3874 
3875 void help()
3876 {
3877 	fprintf(outf,
3878 	"Usage: turbostat [OPTIONS][(--interval seconds) | COMMAND ...]\n"
3879 	"\n"
3880 	"Turbostat forks the specified COMMAND and prints statistics\n"
3881 	"when COMMAND completes.\n"
3882 	"If no COMMAND is specified, turbostat wakes every 5-seconds\n"
3883 	"to print statistics, until interrupted.\n"
3884 	"--add		add a counter\n"
3885 	"		eg. --add msr0x10,u64,cpu,delta,MY_TSC\n"
3886 	"--debug	run in \"debug\" mode\n"
3887 	"--interval sec	Override default 5-second measurement interval\n"
3888 	"--help		print this help message\n"
3889 	"--out file	create or truncate \"file\" for all output\n"
3890 	"--version	print version information\n"
3891 	"\n"
3892 	"For more help, run \"man turbostat\"\n");
3893 }
3894 
3895 
3896 /*
3897  * in /dev/cpu/ return success for names that are numbers
3898  * ie. filter out ".", "..", "microcode".
3899  */
3900 int dir_filter(const struct dirent *dirp)
3901 {
3902 	if (isdigit(dirp->d_name[0]))
3903 		return 1;
3904 	else
3905 		return 0;
3906 }
3907 
3908 int open_dev_cpu_msr(int dummy1)
3909 {
3910 	return 0;
3911 }
3912 
3913 void topology_probe()
3914 {
3915 	int i;
3916 	int max_core_id = 0;
3917 	int max_package_id = 0;
3918 	int max_siblings = 0;
3919 	struct cpu_topology {
3920 		int core_id;
3921 		int physical_package_id;
3922 	} *cpus;
3923 
3924 	/* Initialize num_cpus, max_cpu_num */
3925 	topo.num_cpus = 0;
3926 	topo.max_cpu_num = 0;
3927 	for_all_proc_cpus(count_cpus);
3928 	if (!summary_only && topo.num_cpus > 1)
3929 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU);
3930 
3931 	if (debug > 1)
3932 		fprintf(outf, "num_cpus %d max_cpu_num %d\n", topo.num_cpus, topo.max_cpu_num);
3933 
3934 	cpus = calloc(1, (topo.max_cpu_num  + 1) * sizeof(struct cpu_topology));
3935 	if (cpus == NULL)
3936 		err(1, "calloc cpus");
3937 
3938 	/*
3939 	 * Allocate and initialize cpu_present_set
3940 	 */
3941 	cpu_present_set = CPU_ALLOC((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
3942 	if (cpu_present_set == NULL)
3943 		err(3, "CPU_ALLOC");
3944 	cpu_present_setsize = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
3945 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
3946 	for_all_proc_cpus(mark_cpu_present);
3947 
3948 	/*
3949 	 * Allocate and initialize cpu_affinity_set
3950 	 */
3951 	cpu_affinity_set = CPU_ALLOC((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
3952 	if (cpu_affinity_set == NULL)
3953 		err(3, "CPU_ALLOC");
3954 	cpu_affinity_setsize = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
3955 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
3956 
3957 
3958 	/*
3959 	 * For online cpus
3960 	 * find max_core_id, max_package_id
3961 	 */
3962 	for (i = 0; i <= topo.max_cpu_num; ++i) {
3963 		int siblings;
3964 
3965 		if (cpu_is_not_present(i)) {
3966 			if (debug > 1)
3967 				fprintf(outf, "cpu%d NOT PRESENT\n", i);
3968 			continue;
3969 		}
3970 		cpus[i].core_id = get_core_id(i);
3971 		if (cpus[i].core_id > max_core_id)
3972 			max_core_id = cpus[i].core_id;
3973 
3974 		cpus[i].physical_package_id = get_physical_package_id(i);
3975 		if (cpus[i].physical_package_id > max_package_id)
3976 			max_package_id = cpus[i].physical_package_id;
3977 
3978 		siblings = get_num_ht_siblings(i);
3979 		if (siblings > max_siblings)
3980 			max_siblings = siblings;
3981 		if (debug > 1)
3982 			fprintf(outf, "cpu %d pkg %d core %d\n",
3983 				i, cpus[i].physical_package_id, cpus[i].core_id);
3984 	}
3985 	topo.num_cores_per_pkg = max_core_id + 1;
3986 	if (debug > 1)
3987 		fprintf(outf, "max_core_id %d, sizing for %d cores per package\n",
3988 			max_core_id, topo.num_cores_per_pkg);
3989 	if (debug && !summary_only && topo.num_cores_per_pkg > 1)
3990 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Core);
3991 
3992 	topo.num_packages = max_package_id + 1;
3993 	if (debug > 1)
3994 		fprintf(outf, "max_package_id %d, sizing for %d packages\n",
3995 			max_package_id, topo.num_packages);
3996 	if (debug && !summary_only && topo.num_packages > 1)
3997 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Package);
3998 
3999 	topo.num_threads_per_core = max_siblings;
4000 	if (debug > 1)
4001 		fprintf(outf, "max_siblings %d\n", max_siblings);
4002 
4003 	free(cpus);
4004 }
4005 
4006 void
4007 allocate_counters(struct thread_data **t, struct core_data **c, struct pkg_data **p)
4008 {
4009 	int i;
4010 
4011 	*t = calloc(topo.num_threads_per_core * topo.num_cores_per_pkg *
4012 		topo.num_packages, sizeof(struct thread_data));
4013 	if (*t == NULL)
4014 		goto error;
4015 
4016 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_threads_per_core *
4017 		topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages; i++)
4018 		(*t)[i].cpu_id = -1;
4019 
4020 	*c = calloc(topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages,
4021 		sizeof(struct core_data));
4022 	if (*c == NULL)
4023 		goto error;
4024 
4025 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages; i++)
4026 		(*c)[i].core_id = -1;
4027 
4028 	*p = calloc(topo.num_packages, sizeof(struct pkg_data));
4029 	if (*p == NULL)
4030 		goto error;
4031 
4032 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_packages; i++)
4033 		(*p)[i].package_id = i;
4034 
4035 	return;
4036 error:
4037 	err(1, "calloc counters");
4038 }
4039 /*
4040  * init_counter()
4041  *
4042  * set cpu_id, core_num, pkg_num
4043  * set FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE and FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE
4044  *
4045  * increment topo.num_cores when 1st core in pkg seen
4046  */
4047 void init_counter(struct thread_data *thread_base, struct core_data *core_base,
4048 	struct pkg_data *pkg_base, int thread_num, int core_num,
4049 	int pkg_num, int cpu_id)
4050 {
4051 	struct thread_data *t;
4052 	struct core_data *c;
4053 	struct pkg_data *p;
4054 
4055 	t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_num, core_num, pkg_num);
4056 	c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_num, pkg_num);
4057 	p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_num);
4058 
4059 	t->cpu_id = cpu_id;
4060 	if (thread_num == 0) {
4061 		t->flags |= CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE;
4062 		if (cpu_is_first_core_in_package(cpu_id))
4063 			t->flags |= CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE;
4064 	}
4065 
4066 	c->core_id = core_num;
4067 	p->package_id = pkg_num;
4068 }
4069 
4070 
4071 int initialize_counters(int cpu_id)
4072 {
4073 	int my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id;
4074 
4075 	my_package_id = get_physical_package_id(cpu_id);
4076 	my_core_id = get_core_id(cpu_id);
4077 	my_thread_id = get_cpu_position_in_core(cpu_id);
4078 	if (!my_thread_id)
4079 		topo.num_cores++;
4080 
4081 	init_counter(EVEN_COUNTERS, my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id, cpu_id);
4082 	init_counter(ODD_COUNTERS, my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id, cpu_id);
4083 	return 0;
4084 }
4085 
4086 void allocate_output_buffer()
4087 {
4088 	output_buffer = calloc(1, (1 + topo.num_cpus) * 1024);
4089 	outp = output_buffer;
4090 	if (outp == NULL)
4091 		err(-1, "calloc output buffer");
4092 }
4093 void allocate_fd_percpu(void)
4094 {
4095 	fd_percpu = calloc(topo.max_cpu_num + 1, sizeof(int));
4096 	if (fd_percpu == NULL)
4097 		err(-1, "calloc fd_percpu");
4098 }
4099 void allocate_irq_buffers(void)
4100 {
4101 	irq_column_2_cpu = calloc(topo.num_cpus, sizeof(int));
4102 	if (irq_column_2_cpu == NULL)
4103 		err(-1, "calloc %d", topo.num_cpus);
4104 
4105 	irqs_per_cpu = calloc(topo.max_cpu_num + 1, sizeof(int));
4106 	if (irqs_per_cpu == NULL)
4107 		err(-1, "calloc %d", topo.max_cpu_num + 1);
4108 }
4109 void setup_all_buffers(void)
4110 {
4111 	topology_probe();
4112 	allocate_irq_buffers();
4113 	allocate_fd_percpu();
4114 	allocate_counters(&thread_even, &core_even, &package_even);
4115 	allocate_counters(&thread_odd, &core_odd, &package_odd);
4116 	allocate_output_buffer();
4117 	for_all_proc_cpus(initialize_counters);
4118 }
4119 
4120 void set_base_cpu(void)
4121 {
4122 	base_cpu = sched_getcpu();
4123 	if (base_cpu < 0)
4124 		err(-ENODEV, "No valid cpus found");
4125 
4126 	if (debug > 1)
4127 		fprintf(outf, "base_cpu = %d\n", base_cpu);
4128 }
4129 
4130 void turbostat_init()
4131 {
4132 	setup_all_buffers();
4133 	set_base_cpu();
4134 	check_dev_msr();
4135 	check_permissions();
4136 	process_cpuid();
4137 
4138 
4139 	if (debug)
4140 		for_all_cpus(print_hwp, ODD_COUNTERS);
4141 
4142 	if (debug)
4143 		for_all_cpus(print_epb, ODD_COUNTERS);
4144 
4145 	if (debug)
4146 		for_all_cpus(print_perf_limit, ODD_COUNTERS);
4147 
4148 	if (debug)
4149 		for_all_cpus(print_rapl, ODD_COUNTERS);
4150 
4151 	for_all_cpus(set_temperature_target, ODD_COUNTERS);
4152 
4153 	if (debug)
4154 		for_all_cpus(print_thermal, ODD_COUNTERS);
4155 
4156 	if (debug && do_irtl_snb)
4157 		print_irtl();
4158 }
4159 
4160 int fork_it(char **argv)
4161 {
4162 	pid_t child_pid;
4163 	int status;
4164 
4165 	status = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
4166 	if (status)
4167 		exit(status);
4168 	/* clear affinity side-effect of get_counters() */
4169 	sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
4170 	gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
4171 
4172 	child_pid = fork();
4173 	if (!child_pid) {
4174 		/* child */
4175 		execvp(argv[0], argv);
4176 	} else {
4177 
4178 		/* parent */
4179 		if (child_pid == -1)
4180 			err(1, "fork");
4181 
4182 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
4183 		signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
4184 		if (waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0) == -1)
4185 			err(status, "waitpid");
4186 	}
4187 	/*
4188 	 * n.b. fork_it() does not check for errors from for_all_cpus()
4189 	 * because re-starting is problematic when forking
4190 	 */
4191 	for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
4192 	gettimeofday(&tv_odd, (struct timezone *)NULL);
4193 	timersub(&tv_odd, &tv_even, &tv_delta);
4194 	if (for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, ODD_COUNTERS, EVEN_COUNTERS))
4195 		fprintf(outf, "%s: Counter reset detected\n", progname);
4196 	else {
4197 		compute_average(EVEN_COUNTERS);
4198 		format_all_counters(EVEN_COUNTERS);
4199 	}
4200 
4201 	fprintf(outf, "%.6f sec\n", tv_delta.tv_sec + tv_delta.tv_usec/1000000.0);
4202 
4203 	flush_output_stderr();
4204 
4205 	return status;
4206 }
4207 
4208 int get_and_dump_counters(void)
4209 {
4210 	int status;
4211 
4212 	status = for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
4213 	if (status)
4214 		return status;
4215 
4216 	status = for_all_cpus(dump_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
4217 	if (status)
4218 		return status;
4219 
4220 	flush_output_stdout();
4221 
4222 	return status;
4223 }
4224 
4225 void print_version() {
4226 	fprintf(outf, "turbostat version 4.17 10 Jan 2017"
4227 		" - Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>\n");
4228 }
4229 
4230 int add_counter(unsigned int msr_num, char *name, unsigned int width,
4231 	enum counter_scope scope, enum counter_type type,
4232 	enum counter_format format)
4233 {
4234 	struct msr_counter *msrp;
4235 
4236 	msrp = calloc(1, sizeof(struct msr_counter));
4237 	if (msrp == NULL) {
4238 		perror("calloc");
4239 		exit(1);
4240 	}
4241 
4242 	msrp->msr_num = msr_num;
4243 	strncpy(msrp->name, name, NAME_BYTES);
4244 	msrp->width = width;
4245 	msrp->type = type;
4246 	msrp->format = format;
4247 
4248 	switch (scope) {
4249 
4250 	case SCOPE_CPU:
4251 		msrp->next = sys.tp;
4252 		sys.tp = msrp;
4253 		sys.added_thread_counters++;
4254 		if (sys.added_thread_counters > MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS) {
4255 			fprintf(stderr, "exceeded max %d added thread counters\n",
4256 				MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS);
4257 			exit(-1);
4258 		}
4259 		break;
4260 
4261 	case SCOPE_CORE:
4262 		msrp->next = sys.cp;
4263 		sys.cp = msrp;
4264 		sys.added_core_counters++;
4265 		if (sys.added_core_counters > MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS) {
4266 			fprintf(stderr, "exceeded max %d added core counters\n",
4267 				MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS);
4268 			exit(-1);
4269 		}
4270 		break;
4271 
4272 	case SCOPE_PACKAGE:
4273 		msrp->next = sys.pp;
4274 		sys.pp = msrp;
4275 		sys.added_package_counters++;
4276 		if (sys.added_package_counters > MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS) {
4277 			fprintf(stderr, "exceeded max %d added package counters\n",
4278 				MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS);
4279 			exit(-1);
4280 		}
4281 		break;
4282 	}
4283 
4284 	return 0;
4285 }
4286 
4287 void parse_add_command(char *add_command)
4288 {
4289 	int msr_num = 0;
4290 	char name_buffer[NAME_BYTES];
4291 	int width = 64;
4292 	int fail = 0;
4293 	enum counter_scope scope = SCOPE_CPU;
4294 	enum counter_type type = COUNTER_CYCLES;
4295 	enum counter_format format = FORMAT_DELTA;
4296 
4297 	while (add_command) {
4298 
4299 		if (sscanf(add_command, "msr0x%x", &msr_num) == 1)
4300 			goto next;
4301 
4302 		if (sscanf(add_command, "msr%d", &msr_num) == 1)
4303 			goto next;
4304 
4305 		if (sscanf(add_command, "u%d", &width) == 1) {
4306 			if ((width == 32) || (width == 64))
4307 				goto next;
4308 			width = 64;
4309 		}
4310 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "cpu", strlen("cpu"))) {
4311 			scope = SCOPE_CPU;
4312 			goto next;
4313 		}
4314 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "core", strlen("core"))) {
4315 			scope = SCOPE_CORE;
4316 			goto next;
4317 		}
4318 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "package", strlen("package"))) {
4319 			scope = SCOPE_PACKAGE;
4320 			goto next;
4321 		}
4322 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "cycles", strlen("cycles"))) {
4323 			type = COUNTER_CYCLES;
4324 			goto next;
4325 		}
4326 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "seconds", strlen("seconds"))) {
4327 			type = COUNTER_SECONDS;
4328 			goto next;
4329 		}
4330 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "raw", strlen("raw"))) {
4331 			format = FORMAT_RAW;
4332 			goto next;
4333 		}
4334 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "delta", strlen("delta"))) {
4335 			format = FORMAT_DELTA;
4336 			goto next;
4337 		}
4338 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "percent", strlen("percent"))) {
4339 			format = FORMAT_PERCENT;
4340 			goto next;
4341 		}
4342 
4343 		if (sscanf(add_command, "%18s,%*s", name_buffer) == 1) {	/* 18 < NAME_BYTES */
4344 			char *eos;
4345 
4346 			eos = strchr(name_buffer, ',');
4347 			if (eos)
4348 				*eos = '\0';
4349 			goto next;
4350 		}
4351 
4352 next:
4353 		add_command = strchr(add_command, ',');
4354 		if (add_command)
4355 			add_command++;
4356 
4357 	}
4358 	if (msr_num == 0) {
4359 		fprintf(stderr, "--add: (msrDDD | msr0xXXX) required\n");
4360 		fail++;
4361 	}
4362 
4363 	/* generate default column header */
4364 	if (*name_buffer == '\0') {
4365 		if (format == FORMAT_RAW) {
4366 			if (width == 32)
4367 				sprintf(name_buffer, "msr%d", msr_num);
4368 			else
4369 				sprintf(name_buffer, "MSR%d", msr_num);
4370 		} else if (format == FORMAT_DELTA) {
4371 			if (width == 32)
4372 				sprintf(name_buffer, "cnt%d", msr_num);
4373 			else
4374 				sprintf(name_buffer, "CNT%d", msr_num);
4375 		} else if (format == FORMAT_PERCENT) {
4376 			if (width == 32)
4377 				sprintf(name_buffer, "msr%d%%", msr_num);
4378 			else
4379 				sprintf(name_buffer, "MSR%d%%", msr_num);
4380 		}
4381 	}
4382 
4383 	if (add_counter(msr_num, name_buffer, width, scope, type, format))
4384 		fail++;
4385 
4386 	if (fail) {
4387 		help();
4388 		exit(1);
4389 	}
4390 }
4391 /*
4392  * HIDE_LIST - hide this list of counters, show the rest [default]
4393  * SHOW_LIST - show this list of counters, hide the rest
4394  */
4395 enum show_hide_mode { SHOW_LIST, HIDE_LIST } global_show_hide_mode = HIDE_LIST;
4396 
4397 int shown;
4398 /*
4399  * parse_show_hide() - process cmdline to set default counter action
4400  */
4401 void parse_show_hide(char *optarg, enum show_hide_mode new_mode)
4402 {
4403 	/*
4404 	 * --show: show only those specified
4405 	 *  The 1st invocation will clear and replace the enabled mask
4406 	 *  subsequent invocations can add to it.
4407 	 */
4408 	if (new_mode == SHOW_LIST) {
4409 		if (shown == 0)
4410 			bic_enabled = bic_lookup(optarg);
4411 		else
4412 			bic_enabled |= bic_lookup(optarg);
4413 		shown = 1;
4414 
4415 		return;
4416 	}
4417 
4418 	/*
4419 	 * --hide: do not show those specified
4420 	 *  multiple invocations simply clear more bits in enabled mask
4421 	 */
4422 	bic_enabled &= ~bic_lookup(optarg);
4423 }
4424 
4425 void cmdline(int argc, char **argv)
4426 {
4427 	int opt;
4428 	int option_index = 0;
4429 	static struct option long_options[] = {
4430 		{"add",		required_argument,	0, 'a'},
4431 		{"Dump",	no_argument,		0, 'D'},
4432 		{"debug",	no_argument,		0, 'd'},
4433 		{"interval",	required_argument,	0, 'i'},
4434 		{"help",	no_argument,		0, 'h'},
4435 		{"hide",	required_argument,	0, 'H'},	// meh, -h taken by --help
4436 		{"Joules",	no_argument,		0, 'J'},
4437 		{"out",		required_argument,	0, 'o'},
4438 		{"Package",	no_argument,		0, 'p'},
4439 		{"processor",	no_argument,		0, 'p'},
4440 		{"show",	required_argument,	0, 's'},
4441 		{"Summary",	no_argument,		0, 'S'},
4442 		{"TCC",		required_argument,	0, 'T'},
4443 		{"version",	no_argument,		0, 'v' },
4444 		{0,		0,			0,  0 }
4445 	};
4446 
4447 	progname = argv[0];
4448 
4449 	while ((opt = getopt_long_only(argc, argv, "+C:c:Ddhi:JM:m:o:PpST:v",
4450 				long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
4451 		switch (opt) {
4452 		case 'a':
4453 			parse_add_command(optarg);
4454 			break;
4455 		case 'D':
4456 			dump_only++;
4457 			break;
4458 		case 'd':
4459 			debug++;
4460 			break;
4461 		case 'H':
4462 			parse_show_hide(optarg, HIDE_LIST);
4463 			break;
4464 		case 'h':
4465 		default:
4466 			help();
4467 			exit(1);
4468 		case 'i':
4469 			{
4470 				double interval = strtod(optarg, NULL);
4471 
4472 				if (interval < 0.001) {
4473 					fprintf(outf, "interval %f seconds is too small\n",
4474 						interval);
4475 					exit(2);
4476 				}
4477 
4478 				interval_ts.tv_sec = interval;
4479 				interval_ts.tv_nsec = (interval - interval_ts.tv_sec) * 1000000000;
4480 			}
4481 			break;
4482 		case 'J':
4483 			rapl_joules++;
4484 			break;
4485 		case 'o':
4486 			outf = fopen_or_die(optarg, "w");
4487 			break;
4488 		case 'P':
4489 			show_pkg_only++;
4490 			break;
4491 		case 'p':
4492 			show_core_only++;
4493 			break;
4494 		case 's':
4495 			parse_show_hide(optarg, SHOW_LIST);
4496 			break;
4497 		case 'S':
4498 			summary_only++;
4499 			break;
4500 		case 'T':
4501 			tcc_activation_temp_override = atoi(optarg);
4502 			break;
4503 		case 'v':
4504 			print_version();
4505 			exit(0);
4506 			break;
4507 		}
4508 	}
4509 }
4510 
4511 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4512 {
4513 	outf = stderr;
4514 
4515 	cmdline(argc, argv);
4516 
4517 	if (debug)
4518 		print_version();
4519 
4520 	turbostat_init();
4521 
4522 	/* dump counters and exit */
4523 	if (dump_only)
4524 		return get_and_dump_counters();
4525 
4526 	/*
4527 	 * if any params left, it must be a command to fork
4528 	 */
4529 	if (argc - optind)
4530 		return fork_it(argv + optind);
4531 	else
4532 		turbostat_loop();
4533 
4534 	return 0;
4535 }
4536