1 /*
2  * turbostat -- show CPU frequency and C-state residency
3  * on modern Intel turbo-capable processors.
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 2013 Intel Corporation.
6  * Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
7  *
8  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9  * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
10  * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
11  *
12  * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
13  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
14  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
15  * more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
18  * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
19  * 51 Franklin St - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20  */
21 
22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
23 #include MSRHEADER
24 #include INTEL_FAMILY_HEADER
25 #include <stdarg.h>
26 #include <stdio.h>
27 #include <err.h>
28 #include <unistd.h>
29 #include <sys/types.h>
30 #include <sys/wait.h>
31 #include <sys/stat.h>
32 #include <sys/resource.h>
33 #include <fcntl.h>
34 #include <signal.h>
35 #include <sys/time.h>
36 #include <stdlib.h>
37 #include <getopt.h>
38 #include <dirent.h>
39 #include <string.h>
40 #include <ctype.h>
41 #include <sched.h>
42 #include <time.h>
43 #include <cpuid.h>
44 #include <linux/capability.h>
45 #include <errno.h>
46 
47 char *proc_stat = "/proc/stat";
48 FILE *outf;
49 int *fd_percpu;
50 struct timespec interval_ts = {5, 0};
51 unsigned int debug;
52 unsigned int rapl_joules;
53 unsigned int summary_only;
54 unsigned int dump_only;
55 unsigned int do_snb_cstates;
56 unsigned int do_knl_cstates;
57 unsigned int do_pc2;
58 unsigned int do_pc3;
59 unsigned int do_pc6;
60 unsigned int do_pc7;
61 unsigned int do_c8_c9_c10;
62 unsigned int do_skl_residency;
63 unsigned int do_slm_cstates;
64 unsigned int use_c1_residency_msr;
65 unsigned int has_aperf;
66 unsigned int has_epb;
67 unsigned int do_irtl_snb;
68 unsigned int do_irtl_hsw;
69 unsigned int units = 1000000;	/* MHz etc */
70 unsigned int genuine_intel;
71 unsigned int has_invariant_tsc;
72 unsigned int do_nhm_platform_info;
73 unsigned int no_MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT;
74 unsigned int aperf_mperf_multiplier = 1;
75 double bclk;
76 double base_hz;
77 unsigned int has_base_hz;
78 double tsc_tweak = 1.0;
79 unsigned int show_pkg_only;
80 unsigned int show_core_only;
81 char *output_buffer, *outp;
82 unsigned int do_rapl;
83 unsigned int do_dts;
84 unsigned int do_ptm;
85 unsigned long long  gfx_cur_rc6_ms;
86 unsigned int gfx_cur_mhz;
87 unsigned int tcc_activation_temp;
88 unsigned int tcc_activation_temp_override;
89 double rapl_power_units, rapl_time_units;
90 double rapl_dram_energy_units, rapl_energy_units;
91 double rapl_joule_counter_range;
92 unsigned int do_core_perf_limit_reasons;
93 unsigned int do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons;
94 unsigned int do_ring_perf_limit_reasons;
95 unsigned int crystal_hz;
96 unsigned long long tsc_hz;
97 int base_cpu;
98 double discover_bclk(unsigned int family, unsigned int model);
99 unsigned int has_hwp;	/* IA32_PM_ENABLE, IA32_HWP_CAPABILITIES */
100 			/* IA32_HWP_REQUEST, IA32_HWP_STATUS */
101 unsigned int has_hwp_notify;		/* IA32_HWP_INTERRUPT */
102 unsigned int has_hwp_activity_window;	/* IA32_HWP_REQUEST[bits 41:32] */
103 unsigned int has_hwp_epp;		/* IA32_HWP_REQUEST[bits 31:24] */
104 unsigned int has_hwp_pkg;		/* IA32_HWP_REQUEST_PKG */
105 
106 #define RAPL_PKG		(1 << 0)
107 					/* 0x610 MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT */
108 					/* 0x611 MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS */
109 #define RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS	(1 << 1)
110 					/* 0x613 MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS */
111 #define RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO	(1 << 2)
112 					/* 0x614 MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO */
113 
114 #define RAPL_DRAM		(1 << 3)
115 					/* 0x618 MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT */
116 					/* 0x619 MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS */
117 #define RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS	(1 << 4)
118 					/* 0x61b MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS */
119 #define RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO	(1 << 5)
120 					/* 0x61c MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO */
121 
122 #define RAPL_CORES_POWER_LIMIT	(1 << 6)
123 					/* 0x638 MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT */
124 #define RAPL_CORE_POLICY	(1 << 7)
125 					/* 0x63a MSR_PP0_POLICY */
126 
127 #define RAPL_GFX		(1 << 8)
128 					/* 0x640 MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT */
129 					/* 0x641 MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS */
130 					/* 0x642 MSR_PP1_POLICY */
131 
132 #define RAPL_CORES_ENERGY_STATUS	(1 << 9)
133 					/* 0x639 MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS */
134 #define RAPL_CORES (RAPL_CORES_ENERGY_STATUS | RAPL_CORES_POWER_LIMIT)
135 #define	TJMAX_DEFAULT	100
136 
137 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
138 
139 /*
140  * buffer size used by sscanf() for added column names
141  * Usually truncated to 7 characters, but also handles 18 columns for raw 64-bit counters
142  */
143 #define	NAME_BYTES 20
144 
145 int backwards_count;
146 char *progname;
147 
148 cpu_set_t *cpu_present_set, *cpu_affinity_set;
149 size_t cpu_present_setsize, cpu_affinity_setsize;
150 #define MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS 16
151 
152 struct thread_data {
153 	unsigned long long tsc;
154 	unsigned long long aperf;
155 	unsigned long long mperf;
156 	unsigned long long c1;
157 	unsigned int irq_count;
158 	unsigned int smi_count;
159 	unsigned int cpu_id;
160 	unsigned int flags;
161 #define CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE	0x2
162 #define CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE	0x4
163 	unsigned long long counter[MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS];
164 } *thread_even, *thread_odd;
165 
166 struct core_data {
167 	unsigned long long c3;
168 	unsigned long long c6;
169 	unsigned long long c7;
170 	unsigned long long mc6_us;	/* duplicate as per-core for now, even though per module */
171 	unsigned int core_temp_c;
172 	unsigned int core_id;
173 	unsigned long long counter[MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS];
174 } *core_even, *core_odd;
175 
176 struct pkg_data {
177 	unsigned long long pc2;
178 	unsigned long long pc3;
179 	unsigned long long pc6;
180 	unsigned long long pc7;
181 	unsigned long long pc8;
182 	unsigned long long pc9;
183 	unsigned long long pc10;
184 	unsigned long long pkg_wtd_core_c0;
185 	unsigned long long pkg_any_core_c0;
186 	unsigned long long pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
187 	unsigned long long pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
188 	long long gfx_rc6_ms;
189 	unsigned int gfx_mhz;
190 	unsigned int package_id;
191 	unsigned int energy_pkg;	/* MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS */
192 	unsigned int energy_dram;	/* MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS */
193 	unsigned int energy_cores;	/* MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS */
194 	unsigned int energy_gfx;	/* MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS */
195 	unsigned int rapl_pkg_perf_status;	/* MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS */
196 	unsigned int rapl_dram_perf_status;	/* MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS */
197 	unsigned int pkg_temp_c;
198 	unsigned long long counter[MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS];
199 } *package_even, *package_odd;
200 
201 #define ODD_COUNTERS thread_odd, core_odd, package_odd
202 #define EVEN_COUNTERS thread_even, core_even, package_even
203 
204 #define GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no) \
205 	(thread_base + (pkg_no) * topo.num_cores_per_pkg * \
206 		topo.num_threads_per_core + \
207 		(core_no) * topo.num_threads_per_core + (thread_no))
208 #define GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no) \
209 	(core_base + (pkg_no) * topo.num_cores_per_pkg + (core_no))
210 #define GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no) (pkg_base + pkg_no)
211 
212 enum counter_scope {SCOPE_CPU, SCOPE_CORE, SCOPE_PACKAGE};
213 enum counter_type {COUNTER_CYCLES, COUNTER_SECONDS};
214 enum counter_format {FORMAT_RAW, FORMAT_DELTA, FORMAT_PERCENT};
215 
216 struct msr_counter {
217 	unsigned int msr_num;
218 	char name[NAME_BYTES];
219 	unsigned int width;
220 	enum counter_type type;
221 	enum counter_format format;
222 	struct msr_counter *next;
223 	unsigned int flags;
224 #define	FLAGS_HIDE	(1 << 0)
225 #define	FLAGS_SHOW	(1 << 1)
226 };
227 
228 struct sys_counters {
229 	unsigned int added_thread_counters;
230 	unsigned int added_core_counters;
231 	unsigned int added_package_counters;
232 	struct msr_counter *tp;
233 	struct msr_counter *cp;
234 	struct msr_counter *pp;
235 } sys;
236 
237 struct system_summary {
238 	struct thread_data threads;
239 	struct core_data cores;
240 	struct pkg_data packages;
241 } average;
242 
243 
244 struct topo_params {
245 	int num_packages;
246 	int num_cpus;
247 	int num_cores;
248 	int max_cpu_num;
249 	int num_cores_per_pkg;
250 	int num_threads_per_core;
251 } topo;
252 
253 struct timeval tv_even, tv_odd, tv_delta;
254 
255 int *irq_column_2_cpu;	/* /proc/interrupts column numbers */
256 int *irqs_per_cpu;		/* indexed by cpu_num */
257 
258 void setup_all_buffers(void);
259 
260 int cpu_is_not_present(int cpu)
261 {
262 	return !CPU_ISSET_S(cpu, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
263 }
264 /*
265  * run func(thread, core, package) in topology order
266  * skip non-present cpus
267  */
268 
269 int for_all_cpus(int (func)(struct thread_data *, struct core_data *, struct pkg_data *),
270 	struct thread_data *thread_base, struct core_data *core_base, struct pkg_data *pkg_base)
271 {
272 	int retval, pkg_no, core_no, thread_no;
273 
274 	for (pkg_no = 0; pkg_no < topo.num_packages; ++pkg_no) {
275 		for (core_no = 0; core_no < topo.num_cores_per_pkg; ++core_no) {
276 			for (thread_no = 0; thread_no <
277 				topo.num_threads_per_core; ++thread_no) {
278 				struct thread_data *t;
279 				struct core_data *c;
280 				struct pkg_data *p;
281 
282 				t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
283 
284 				if (cpu_is_not_present(t->cpu_id))
285 					continue;
286 
287 				c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no);
288 				p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no);
289 
290 				retval = func(t, c, p);
291 				if (retval)
292 					return retval;
293 			}
294 		}
295 	}
296 	return 0;
297 }
298 
299 int cpu_migrate(int cpu)
300 {
301 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
302 	CPU_SET_S(cpu, cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
303 	if (sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set) == -1)
304 		return -1;
305 	else
306 		return 0;
307 }
308 int get_msr_fd(int cpu)
309 {
310 	char pathname[32];
311 	int fd;
312 
313 	fd = fd_percpu[cpu];
314 
315 	if (fd)
316 		return fd;
317 
318 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", cpu);
319 	fd = open(pathname, O_RDONLY);
320 	if (fd < 0)
321 		err(-1, "%s open failed, try chown or chmod +r /dev/cpu/*/msr, or run as root", pathname);
322 
323 	fd_percpu[cpu] = fd;
324 
325 	return fd;
326 }
327 
328 int get_msr(int cpu, off_t offset, unsigned long long *msr)
329 {
330 	ssize_t retval;
331 
332 	retval = pread(get_msr_fd(cpu), msr, sizeof(*msr), offset);
333 
334 	if (retval != sizeof *msr)
335 		err(-1, "cpu%d: msr offset 0x%llx read failed", cpu, (unsigned long long)offset);
336 
337 	return 0;
338 }
339 
340 /*
341  * Each string in this array is compared in --show and --hide cmdline.
342  * Thus, strings that are proper sub-sets must follow their more specific peers.
343  */
344 struct msr_counter bic[] = {
345 	{ 0x0, "Package" },
346 	{ 0x0, "Avg_MHz" },
347 	{ 0x0, "Bzy_MHz" },
348 	{ 0x0, "TSC_MHz" },
349 	{ 0x0, "IRQ" },
350 	{ 0x0, "SMI", 32, 0, FORMAT_DELTA, NULL},
351 	{ 0x0, "Busy%" },
352 	{ 0x0, "CPU%c1" },
353 	{ 0x0, "CPU%c3" },
354 	{ 0x0, "CPU%c6" },
355 	{ 0x0, "CPU%c7" },
356 	{ 0x0, "ThreadC" },
357 	{ 0x0, "CoreTmp" },
358 	{ 0x0, "CoreCnt" },
359 	{ 0x0, "PkgTmp" },
360 	{ 0x0, "GFX%rc6" },
361 	{ 0x0, "GFXMHz" },
362 	{ 0x0, "Pkg%pc2" },
363 	{ 0x0, "Pkg%pc3" },
364 	{ 0x0, "Pkg%pc6" },
365 	{ 0x0, "Pkg%pc7" },
366 	{ 0x0, "PkgWatt" },
367 	{ 0x0, "CorWatt" },
368 	{ 0x0, "GFXWatt" },
369 	{ 0x0, "PkgCnt" },
370 	{ 0x0, "RAMWatt" },
371 	{ 0x0, "PKG_%" },
372 	{ 0x0, "RAM_%" },
373 	{ 0x0, "Pkg_J" },
374 	{ 0x0, "Cor_J" },
375 	{ 0x0, "GFX_J" },
376 	{ 0x0, "RAM_J" },
377 	{ 0x0, "Core" },
378 	{ 0x0, "CPU" },
379 	{ 0x0, "Mod%c6" },
380 };
381 
382 #define MAX_BIC (sizeof(bic) / sizeof(struct msr_counter))
383 #define	BIC_Package	(1ULL << 0)
384 #define	BIC_Avg_MHz	(1ULL << 1)
385 #define	BIC_Bzy_MHz	(1ULL << 2)
386 #define	BIC_TSC_MHz	(1ULL << 3)
387 #define	BIC_IRQ		(1ULL << 4)
388 #define	BIC_SMI		(1ULL << 5)
389 #define	BIC_Busy	(1ULL << 6)
390 #define	BIC_CPU_c1	(1ULL << 7)
391 #define	BIC_CPU_c3	(1ULL << 8)
392 #define	BIC_CPU_c6	(1ULL << 9)
393 #define	BIC_CPU_c7	(1ULL << 10)
394 #define	BIC_ThreadC	(1ULL << 11)
395 #define	BIC_CoreTmp	(1ULL << 12)
396 #define	BIC_CoreCnt	(1ULL << 13)
397 #define	BIC_PkgTmp	(1ULL << 14)
398 #define	BIC_GFX_rc6	(1ULL << 15)
399 #define	BIC_GFXMHz	(1ULL << 16)
400 #define	BIC_Pkgpc2	(1ULL << 17)
401 #define	BIC_Pkgpc3	(1ULL << 18)
402 #define	BIC_Pkgpc6	(1ULL << 19)
403 #define	BIC_Pkgpc7	(1ULL << 20)
404 #define	BIC_PkgWatt	(1ULL << 21)
405 #define	BIC_CorWatt	(1ULL << 22)
406 #define	BIC_GFXWatt	(1ULL << 23)
407 #define	BIC_PkgCnt	(1ULL << 24)
408 #define	BIC_RAMWatt	(1ULL << 27)
409 #define	BIC_PKG__	(1ULL << 28)
410 #define	BIC_RAM__	(1ULL << 29)
411 #define	BIC_Pkg_J	(1ULL << 30)
412 #define	BIC_Cor_J	(1ULL << 31)
413 #define	BIC_GFX_J	(1ULL << 30)
414 #define	BIC_RAM_J	(1ULL << 31)
415 #define	BIC_Core	(1ULL << 32)
416 #define	BIC_CPU		(1ULL << 33)
417 #define	BIC_Mod_c6	(1ULL << 34)
418 
419 unsigned long long bic_enabled = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
420 unsigned long long bic_present;
421 
422 #define DO_BIC(COUNTER_NAME) (bic_enabled & bic_present & COUNTER_NAME)
423 #define BIC_PRESENT(COUNTER_BIT) (bic_present |= COUNTER_BIT)
424 
425 /*
426  * bic_lookup
427  * for all the strings in comma separate name_list,
428  * set the approprate bit in return value.
429  */
430 unsigned long long bic_lookup(char *name_list)
431 {
432 	int i;
433 	unsigned long long retval = 0;
434 
435 	while (name_list) {
436 		char *comma;
437 
438 		comma = strchr(name_list, ',');
439 
440 		if (comma)
441 			*comma = '\0';
442 
443 		for (i = 0; i < MAX_BIC; ++i) {
444 			if (!strcmp(name_list, bic[i].name)) {
445 				retval |= (1ULL << i);
446 				break;
447 			}
448 		}
449 		if (i == MAX_BIC) {
450 			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid counter name: %s\n", name_list);
451 			exit(-1);
452 		}
453 
454 		name_list = comma;
455 		if (name_list)
456 			name_list++;
457 
458 	}
459 	return retval;
460 }
461 
462 void print_header(void)
463 {
464 	struct msr_counter *mp;
465 
466 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Package))
467 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPackage");
468 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Core))
469 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCore");
470 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU))
471 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU");
472 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Avg_MHz))
473 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tAvg_MHz");
474 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Busy))
475 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tBusy%%");
476 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Bzy_MHz))
477 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tBzy_MHz");
478 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_TSC_MHz))
479 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tTSC_MHz");
480 
481 	if (!debug)
482 		goto done;
483 
484 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
485 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tIRQ");
486 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI))
487 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tSMI");
488 
489 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c1))
490 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU%%c1");
491 
492 	for (mp = sys.tp; mp; mp = mp->next) {
493 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
494 			if (mp->width == 64)
495 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%18.18s", mp->name);
496 			else
497 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%10.10s", mp->name);
498 		} else {
499 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%-7.7s", mp->name);
500 		}
501 	}
502 
503 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c3) && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates)
504 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU%%c3");
505 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c6))
506 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU%%c6");
507 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c7))
508 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPU%%c7");
509 
510 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Mod_c6))
511 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tMod%%c6");
512 
513 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CoreTmp))
514 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCoreTmp");
515 
516 	for (mp = sys.cp; mp; mp = mp->next) {
517 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
518 			if (mp->width == 64)
519 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%18.18s", mp->name);
520 			else
521 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%10.10s", mp->name);
522 		} else {
523 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%-7.7s", mp->name);
524 		}
525 	}
526 
527 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgTmp))
528 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkgTmp");
529 
530 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_rc6))
531 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFX%%rc6");
532 
533 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXMHz))
534 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFXMHz");
535 
536 	if (do_skl_residency) {
537 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tTotl%%C0");
538 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tAny%%C0");
539 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFX%%C0");
540 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCPUGFX%%");
541 	}
542 
543 	if (do_pc2)
544 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc2");
545 	if (do_pc3)
546 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc3");
547 	if (do_pc6)
548 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc6");
549 	if (do_pc7)
550 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc7");
551 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
552 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc8");
553 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg%%pc9");
554 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPk%%pc10");
555 	}
556 
557 	if (do_rapl && !rapl_joules) {
558 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgWatt))
559 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkgWatt");
560 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_CorWatt))
561 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCorWatt");
562 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXWatt))
563 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFXWatt");
564 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAMWatt))
565 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tRAMWatt");
566 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_PKG__))
567 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPKG_%%");
568 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM__))
569 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tRAM_%%");
570 	} else if (do_rapl && rapl_joules) {
571 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Pkg_J))
572 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPkg_J");
573 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Cor_J))
574 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tCor_J");
575 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_J))
576 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tGFX_J");
577 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM_J))
578 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tRAM_J");
579 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_PKG__))
580 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tPKG_%%");
581 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM__))
582 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\tRAM_%%");
583 	}
584 	for (mp = sys.pp; mp; mp = mp->next) {
585 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
586 			if (mp->width == 64)
587 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%18.18s", mp->name);
588 			else
589 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%10.10s", mp->name);
590 		} else {
591 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%-7.7s", mp->name);
592 		}
593 	}
594 
595 done:
596 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
597 }
598 
599 int dump_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
600 	struct pkg_data *p)
601 {
602 	int i;
603 	struct msr_counter *mp;
604 
605 	outp += sprintf(outp, "t %p, c %p, p %p\n", t, c, p);
606 
607 	if (t) {
608 		outp += sprintf(outp, "CPU: %d flags 0x%x\n",
609 			t->cpu_id, t->flags);
610 		outp += sprintf(outp, "TSC: %016llX\n", t->tsc);
611 		outp += sprintf(outp, "aperf: %016llX\n", t->aperf);
612 		outp += sprintf(outp, "mperf: %016llX\n", t->mperf);
613 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c1: %016llX\n", t->c1);
614 
615 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
616 			outp += sprintf(outp, "IRQ: %08X\n", t->irq_count);
617 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI))
618 			outp += sprintf(outp, "SMI: %08X\n", t->smi_count);
619 
620 		for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
621 			outp += sprintf(outp, "tADDED [%d] msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
622 				i, mp->msr_num, t->counter[i]);
623 		}
624 	}
625 
626 	if (c) {
627 		outp += sprintf(outp, "core: %d\n", c->core_id);
628 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c3: %016llX\n", c->c3);
629 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c6: %016llX\n", c->c6);
630 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c7: %016llX\n", c->c7);
631 		outp += sprintf(outp, "DTS: %dC\n", c->core_temp_c);
632 
633 		for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
634 			outp += sprintf(outp, "cADDED [%d] msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
635 				i, mp->msr_num, c->counter[i]);
636 		}
637 		outp += sprintf(outp, "mc6_us: %016llX\n", c->mc6_us);
638 	}
639 
640 	if (p) {
641 		outp += sprintf(outp, "package: %d\n", p->package_id);
642 
643 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Weighted cores: %016llX\n", p->pkg_wtd_core_c0);
644 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Any cores: %016llX\n", p->pkg_any_core_c0);
645 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Any GFX: %016llX\n", p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0);
646 		outp += sprintf(outp, "CPU + GFX: %016llX\n", p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0);
647 
648 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc2: %016llX\n", p->pc2);
649 		if (do_pc3)
650 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc3: %016llX\n", p->pc3);
651 		if (do_pc6)
652 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc6: %016llX\n", p->pc6);
653 		if (do_pc7)
654 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc7: %016llX\n", p->pc7);
655 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc8: %016llX\n", p->pc8);
656 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc9: %016llX\n", p->pc9);
657 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc10: %016llX\n", p->pc10);
658 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules PKG: %0X\n", p->energy_pkg);
659 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules COR: %0X\n", p->energy_cores);
660 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules GFX: %0X\n", p->energy_gfx);
661 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules RAM: %0X\n", p->energy_dram);
662 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Throttle PKG: %0X\n",
663 			p->rapl_pkg_perf_status);
664 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Throttle RAM: %0X\n",
665 			p->rapl_dram_perf_status);
666 		outp += sprintf(outp, "PTM: %dC\n", p->pkg_temp_c);
667 
668 		for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
669 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pADDED [%d] msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
670 				i, mp->msr_num, p->counter[i]);
671 		}
672 	}
673 
674 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
675 
676 	return 0;
677 }
678 
679 /*
680  * column formatting convention & formats
681  */
682 int format_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
683 	struct pkg_data *p)
684 {
685 	double interval_float;
686 	char *fmt8;
687 	int i;
688 	struct msr_counter *mp;
689 
690 	 /* if showing only 1st thread in core and this isn't one, bail out */
691 	if (show_core_only && !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
692 		return 0;
693 
694 	 /* if showing only 1st thread in pkg and this isn't one, bail out */
695 	if (show_pkg_only && !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
696 		return 0;
697 
698 	interval_float = tv_delta.tv_sec + tv_delta.tv_usec/1000000.0;
699 
700 	/* topo columns, print blanks on 1st (average) line */
701 	if (t == &average.threads) {
702 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Package))
703 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
704 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Core))
705 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
706 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU))
707 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
708 	} else {
709 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Package)) {
710 			if (p)
711 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", p->package_id);
712 			else
713 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
714 		}
715 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_Core)) {
716 			if (c)
717 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", c->core_id);
718 			else
719 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t-");
720 		}
721 		if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU))
722 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", t->cpu_id);
723 	}
724 
725 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Avg_MHz))
726 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.0f",
727 			1.0 / units * t->aperf / interval_float);
728 
729 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Busy))
730 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * t->mperf/t->tsc/tsc_tweak);
731 
732 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Bzy_MHz)) {
733 		if (has_base_hz)
734 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.0f", base_hz / units * t->aperf / t->mperf);
735 		else
736 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.0f",
737 				1.0 * t->tsc / units * t->aperf / t->mperf / interval_float);
738 	}
739 
740 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_TSC_MHz))
741 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.0f", 1.0 * t->tsc/units/interval_float);
742 
743 	if (!debug)
744 		goto done;
745 
746 	/* IRQ */
747 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
748 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", t->irq_count);
749 
750 	/* SMI */
751 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI))
752 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", t->smi_count);
753 
754 	/* C1 */
755 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c1))
756 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * t->c1/t->tsc);
757 
758 	/* Added counters */
759 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
760 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
761 			if (mp->width == 32)
762 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%08lx", (unsigned long) t->counter[i]);
763 			else
764 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%016llx", t->counter[i]);
765 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_DELTA) {
766 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%lld", t->counter[i]);
767 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_PERCENT) {
768 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * t->counter[i]/t->tsc);
769 		}
770 	}
771 
772 	/* print per-core data only for 1st thread in core */
773 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
774 		goto done;
775 
776 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c3) && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates)
777 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->c3/t->tsc);
778 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c6))
779 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->c6/t->tsc);
780 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c7))
781 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->c7/t->tsc);
782 
783 	/* Mod%c6 */
784 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Mod_c6))
785 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->mc6_us / t->tsc);
786 
787 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CoreTmp))
788 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", c->core_temp_c);
789 
790 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
791 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
792 			if (mp->width == 32)
793 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%08lx", (unsigned long) c->counter[i]);
794 			else
795 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%016llx", c->counter[i]);
796 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_DELTA) {
797 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%lld", c->counter[i]);
798 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_PERCENT) {
799 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * c->counter[i]/t->tsc);
800 		}
801 	}
802 
803 	/* print per-package data only for 1st core in package */
804 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
805 		goto done;
806 
807 	/* PkgTmp */
808 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgTmp))
809 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", p->pkg_temp_c);
810 
811 	/* GFXrc6 */
812 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_rc6)) {
813 		if (p->gfx_rc6_ms == -1) {	/* detect GFX counter reset */
814 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t**.**");
815 		} else {
816 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f",
817 				p->gfx_rc6_ms / 10.0 / interval_float);
818 		}
819 	}
820 
821 	/* GFXMHz */
822 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXMHz))
823 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%d", p->gfx_mhz);
824 
825 	/* Totl%C0, Any%C0 GFX%C0 CPUGFX% */
826 	if (do_skl_residency) {
827 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_wtd_core_c0/t->tsc);
828 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_any_core_c0/t->tsc);
829 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0/t->tsc);
830 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0/t->tsc);
831 	}
832 
833 	if (do_pc2)
834 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc2/t->tsc);
835 	if (do_pc3)
836 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc3/t->tsc);
837 	if (do_pc6)
838 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc6/t->tsc);
839 	if (do_pc7)
840 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc7/t->tsc);
841 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
842 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc8/t->tsc);
843 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc9/t->tsc);
844 		outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->pc10/t->tsc);
845 	}
846 
847 	/*
848  	 * If measurement interval exceeds minimum RAPL Joule Counter range,
849  	 * indicate that results are suspect by printing "**" in fraction place.
850  	 */
851 	if (interval_float < rapl_joule_counter_range)
852 		fmt8 = "\t%.2f";
853 	else
854 		fmt8 = "%6.0f**";
855 
856 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgWatt))
857 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_pkg * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
858 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CorWatt))
859 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_cores * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
860 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXWatt))
861 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_gfx * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
862 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAMWatt))
863 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_dram * rapl_dram_energy_units / interval_float);
864 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Pkg_J))
865 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_pkg * rapl_energy_units);
866 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Cor_J))
867 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_cores * rapl_energy_units);
868 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_J))
869 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_gfx * rapl_energy_units);
870 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM_J))
871 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_dram * rapl_dram_energy_units);
872 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PKG__))
873 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, 100.0 * p->rapl_pkg_perf_status * rapl_time_units / interval_float);
874 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_RAM__))
875 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, 100.0 * p->rapl_dram_perf_status * rapl_time_units / interval_float);
876 
877 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
878 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW) {
879 			if (mp->width == 32)
880 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%08lx", (unsigned long) p->counter[i]);
881 			else
882 				outp += sprintf(outp, "\t0x%016llx", p->counter[i]);
883 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_DELTA) {
884 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%lld", p->counter[i]);
885 		} else if (mp->format == FORMAT_PERCENT) {
886 			outp += sprintf(outp, "\t%.2f", 100.0 * p->counter[i]/t->tsc);
887 		}
888 	}
889 
890 done:
891 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
892 
893 	return 0;
894 }
895 
896 void flush_output_stdout(void)
897 {
898 	FILE *filep;
899 
900 	if (outf == stderr)
901 		filep = stdout;
902 	else
903 		filep = outf;
904 
905 	fputs(output_buffer, filep);
906 	fflush(filep);
907 
908 	outp = output_buffer;
909 }
910 void flush_output_stderr(void)
911 {
912 	fputs(output_buffer, outf);
913 	fflush(outf);
914 	outp = output_buffer;
915 }
916 void format_all_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
917 {
918 	static int printed;
919 
920 	if (!printed || !summary_only)
921 		print_header();
922 
923 	if (topo.num_cpus > 1)
924 		format_counters(&average.threads, &average.cores,
925 			&average.packages);
926 
927 	printed = 1;
928 
929 	if (summary_only)
930 		return;
931 
932 	for_all_cpus(format_counters, t, c, p);
933 }
934 
935 #define DELTA_WRAP32(new, old)			\
936 	if (new > old) {			\
937 		old = new - old;		\
938 	} else {				\
939 		old = 0x100000000 + new - old;	\
940 	}
941 
942 int
943 delta_package(struct pkg_data *new, struct pkg_data *old)
944 {
945 	int i;
946 	struct msr_counter *mp;
947 
948 	if (do_skl_residency) {
949 		old->pkg_wtd_core_c0 = new->pkg_wtd_core_c0 - old->pkg_wtd_core_c0;
950 		old->pkg_any_core_c0 = new->pkg_any_core_c0 - old->pkg_any_core_c0;
951 		old->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 = new->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 - old->pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
952 		old->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 = new->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 - old->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
953 	}
954 	old->pc2 = new->pc2 - old->pc2;
955 	if (do_pc3)
956 		old->pc3 = new->pc3 - old->pc3;
957 	if (do_pc6)
958 		old->pc6 = new->pc6 - old->pc6;
959 	if (do_pc7)
960 		old->pc7 = new->pc7 - old->pc7;
961 	old->pc8 = new->pc8 - old->pc8;
962 	old->pc9 = new->pc9 - old->pc9;
963 	old->pc10 = new->pc10 - old->pc10;
964 	old->pkg_temp_c = new->pkg_temp_c;
965 
966 	/* flag an error when rc6 counter resets/wraps */
967 	if (old->gfx_rc6_ms >  new->gfx_rc6_ms)
968 		old->gfx_rc6_ms = -1;
969 	else
970 		old->gfx_rc6_ms = new->gfx_rc6_ms - old->gfx_rc6_ms;
971 
972 	old->gfx_mhz = new->gfx_mhz;
973 
974 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_pkg, old->energy_pkg);
975 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_cores, old->energy_cores);
976 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_gfx, old->energy_gfx);
977 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_dram, old->energy_dram);
978 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->rapl_pkg_perf_status, old->rapl_pkg_perf_status);
979 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->rapl_dram_perf_status, old->rapl_dram_perf_status);
980 
981 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
982 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
983 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i];
984 		else
985 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i] - old->counter[i];
986 	}
987 
988 	return 0;
989 }
990 
991 void
992 delta_core(struct core_data *new, struct core_data *old)
993 {
994 	int i;
995 	struct msr_counter *mp;
996 
997 	old->c3 = new->c3 - old->c3;
998 	old->c6 = new->c6 - old->c6;
999 	old->c7 = new->c7 - old->c7;
1000 	old->core_temp_c = new->core_temp_c;
1001 	old->mc6_us = new->mc6_us - old->mc6_us;
1002 
1003 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1004 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1005 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i];
1006 		else
1007 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i] - old->counter[i];
1008 	}
1009 }
1010 
1011 /*
1012  * old = new - old
1013  */
1014 int
1015 delta_thread(struct thread_data *new, struct thread_data *old,
1016 	struct core_data *core_delta)
1017 {
1018 	int i;
1019 	struct msr_counter *mp;
1020 
1021 	old->tsc = new->tsc - old->tsc;
1022 
1023 	/* check for TSC < 1 Mcycles over interval */
1024 	if (old->tsc < (1000 * 1000))
1025 		errx(-3, "Insanely slow TSC rate, TSC stops in idle?\n"
1026 		     "You can disable all c-states by booting with \"idle=poll\"\n"
1027 		     "or just the deep ones with \"processor.max_cstate=1\"");
1028 
1029 	old->c1 = new->c1 - old->c1;
1030 
1031 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Avg_MHz) || DO_BIC(BIC_Busy) || DO_BIC(BIC_Bzy_MHz)) {
1032 		if ((new->aperf > old->aperf) && (new->mperf > old->mperf)) {
1033 			old->aperf = new->aperf - old->aperf;
1034 			old->mperf = new->mperf - old->mperf;
1035 		} else {
1036 			return -1;
1037 		}
1038 	}
1039 
1040 
1041 	if (use_c1_residency_msr) {
1042 		/*
1043 		 * Some models have a dedicated C1 residency MSR,
1044 		 * which should be more accurate than the derivation below.
1045 		 */
1046 	} else {
1047 		/*
1048 		 * As counter collection is not atomic,
1049 		 * it is possible for mperf's non-halted cycles + idle states
1050 		 * to exceed TSC's all cycles: show c1 = 0% in that case.
1051 		 */
1052 		if ((old->mperf + core_delta->c3 + core_delta->c6 + core_delta->c7) > old->tsc)
1053 			old->c1 = 0;
1054 		else {
1055 			/* normal case, derive c1 */
1056 			old->c1 = old->tsc - old->mperf - core_delta->c3
1057 				- core_delta->c6 - core_delta->c7;
1058 		}
1059 	}
1060 
1061 	if (old->mperf == 0) {
1062 		if (debug > 1)
1063 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d MPERF 0!\n", old->cpu_id);
1064 		old->mperf = 1;	/* divide by 0 protection */
1065 	}
1066 
1067 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
1068 		old->irq_count = new->irq_count - old->irq_count;
1069 
1070 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI))
1071 		old->smi_count = new->smi_count - old->smi_count;
1072 
1073 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1074 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1075 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i];
1076 		else
1077 			old->counter[i] = new->counter[i] - old->counter[i];
1078 	}
1079 	return 0;
1080 }
1081 
1082 int delta_cpu(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
1083 	struct pkg_data *p, struct thread_data *t2,
1084 	struct core_data *c2, struct pkg_data *p2)
1085 {
1086 	int retval = 0;
1087 
1088 	/* calculate core delta only for 1st thread in core */
1089 	if (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE)
1090 		delta_core(c, c2);
1091 
1092 	/* always calculate thread delta */
1093 	retval = delta_thread(t, t2, c2);	/* c2 is core delta */
1094 	if (retval)
1095 		return retval;
1096 
1097 	/* calculate package delta only for 1st core in package */
1098 	if (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE)
1099 		retval = delta_package(p, p2);
1100 
1101 	return retval;
1102 }
1103 
1104 void clear_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
1105 {
1106 	int i;
1107 	struct msr_counter  *mp;
1108 
1109 	t->tsc = 0;
1110 	t->aperf = 0;
1111 	t->mperf = 0;
1112 	t->c1 = 0;
1113 
1114 	t->irq_count = 0;
1115 	t->smi_count = 0;
1116 
1117 	/* tells format_counters to dump all fields from this set */
1118 	t->flags = CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE | CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE;
1119 
1120 	c->c3 = 0;
1121 	c->c6 = 0;
1122 	c->c7 = 0;
1123 	c->mc6_us = 0;
1124 	c->core_temp_c = 0;
1125 
1126 	p->pkg_wtd_core_c0 = 0;
1127 	p->pkg_any_core_c0 = 0;
1128 	p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 = 0;
1129 	p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 = 0;
1130 
1131 	p->pc2 = 0;
1132 	if (do_pc3)
1133 		p->pc3 = 0;
1134 	if (do_pc6)
1135 		p->pc6 = 0;
1136 	if (do_pc7)
1137 		p->pc7 = 0;
1138 	p->pc8 = 0;
1139 	p->pc9 = 0;
1140 	p->pc10 = 0;
1141 
1142 	p->energy_pkg = 0;
1143 	p->energy_dram = 0;
1144 	p->energy_cores = 0;
1145 	p->energy_gfx = 0;
1146 	p->rapl_pkg_perf_status = 0;
1147 	p->rapl_dram_perf_status = 0;
1148 	p->pkg_temp_c = 0;
1149 
1150 	p->gfx_rc6_ms = 0;
1151 	p->gfx_mhz = 0;
1152 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next)
1153 		t->counter[i] = 0;
1154 
1155 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next)
1156 		c->counter[i] = 0;
1157 
1158 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next)
1159 		p->counter[i] = 0;
1160 }
1161 int sum_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
1162 	struct pkg_data *p)
1163 {
1164 	int i;
1165 	struct msr_counter *mp;
1166 
1167 	average.threads.tsc += t->tsc;
1168 	average.threads.aperf += t->aperf;
1169 	average.threads.mperf += t->mperf;
1170 	average.threads.c1 += t->c1;
1171 
1172 	average.threads.irq_count += t->irq_count;
1173 	average.threads.smi_count += t->smi_count;
1174 
1175 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1176 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1177 			continue;
1178 		average.threads.counter[i] += t->counter[i];
1179 	}
1180 
1181 	/* sum per-core values only for 1st thread in core */
1182 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
1183 		return 0;
1184 
1185 	average.cores.c3 += c->c3;
1186 	average.cores.c6 += c->c6;
1187 	average.cores.c7 += c->c7;
1188 	average.cores.mc6_us += c->mc6_us;
1189 
1190 	average.cores.core_temp_c = MAX(average.cores.core_temp_c, c->core_temp_c);
1191 
1192 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1193 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1194 			continue;
1195 		average.cores.counter[i] += c->counter[i];
1196 	}
1197 
1198 	/* sum per-pkg values only for 1st core in pkg */
1199 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
1200 		return 0;
1201 
1202 	if (do_skl_residency) {
1203 		average.packages.pkg_wtd_core_c0 += p->pkg_wtd_core_c0;
1204 		average.packages.pkg_any_core_c0 += p->pkg_any_core_c0;
1205 		average.packages.pkg_any_gfxe_c0 += p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
1206 		average.packages.pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 += p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
1207 	}
1208 
1209 	average.packages.pc2 += p->pc2;
1210 	if (do_pc3)
1211 		average.packages.pc3 += p->pc3;
1212 	if (do_pc6)
1213 		average.packages.pc6 += p->pc6;
1214 	if (do_pc7)
1215 		average.packages.pc7 += p->pc7;
1216 	average.packages.pc8 += p->pc8;
1217 	average.packages.pc9 += p->pc9;
1218 	average.packages.pc10 += p->pc10;
1219 
1220 	average.packages.energy_pkg += p->energy_pkg;
1221 	average.packages.energy_dram += p->energy_dram;
1222 	average.packages.energy_cores += p->energy_cores;
1223 	average.packages.energy_gfx += p->energy_gfx;
1224 
1225 	average.packages.gfx_rc6_ms = p->gfx_rc6_ms;
1226 	average.packages.gfx_mhz = p->gfx_mhz;
1227 
1228 	average.packages.pkg_temp_c = MAX(average.packages.pkg_temp_c, p->pkg_temp_c);
1229 
1230 	average.packages.rapl_pkg_perf_status += p->rapl_pkg_perf_status;
1231 	average.packages.rapl_dram_perf_status += p->rapl_dram_perf_status;
1232 
1233 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1234 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1235 			continue;
1236 		average.packages.counter[i] += p->counter[i];
1237 	}
1238 	return 0;
1239 }
1240 /*
1241  * sum the counters for all cpus in the system
1242  * compute the weighted average
1243  */
1244 void compute_average(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
1245 	struct pkg_data *p)
1246 {
1247 	int i;
1248 	struct msr_counter *mp;
1249 
1250 	clear_counters(&average.threads, &average.cores, &average.packages);
1251 
1252 	for_all_cpus(sum_counters, t, c, p);
1253 
1254 	average.threads.tsc /= topo.num_cpus;
1255 	average.threads.aperf /= topo.num_cpus;
1256 	average.threads.mperf /= topo.num_cpus;
1257 	average.threads.c1 /= topo.num_cpus;
1258 
1259 	average.cores.c3 /= topo.num_cores;
1260 	average.cores.c6 /= topo.num_cores;
1261 	average.cores.c7 /= topo.num_cores;
1262 	average.cores.mc6_us /= topo.num_cores;
1263 
1264 	if (do_skl_residency) {
1265 		average.packages.pkg_wtd_core_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
1266 		average.packages.pkg_any_core_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
1267 		average.packages.pkg_any_gfxe_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
1268 		average.packages.pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
1269 	}
1270 
1271 	average.packages.pc2 /= topo.num_packages;
1272 	if (do_pc3)
1273 		average.packages.pc3 /= topo.num_packages;
1274 	if (do_pc6)
1275 		average.packages.pc6 /= topo.num_packages;
1276 	if (do_pc7)
1277 		average.packages.pc7 /= topo.num_packages;
1278 
1279 	average.packages.pc8 /= topo.num_packages;
1280 	average.packages.pc9 /= topo.num_packages;
1281 	average.packages.pc10 /= topo.num_packages;
1282 
1283 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1284 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1285 			continue;
1286 		average.threads.counter[i] /= topo.num_cpus;
1287 	}
1288 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1289 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1290 			continue;
1291 		average.cores.counter[i] /= topo.num_cores;
1292 	}
1293 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1294 		if (mp->format == FORMAT_RAW)
1295 			continue;
1296 		average.packages.counter[i] /= topo.num_packages;
1297 	}
1298 }
1299 
1300 static unsigned long long rdtsc(void)
1301 {
1302 	unsigned int low, high;
1303 
1304 	asm volatile("rdtsc" : "=a" (low), "=d" (high));
1305 
1306 	return low | ((unsigned long long)high) << 32;
1307 }
1308 
1309 /*
1310  * get_counters(...)
1311  * migrate to cpu
1312  * acquire and record local counters for that cpu
1313  */
1314 int get_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
1315 {
1316 	int cpu = t->cpu_id;
1317 	unsigned long long msr;
1318 	int aperf_mperf_retry_count = 0;
1319 	struct msr_counter *mp;
1320 	int i;
1321 
1322 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
1323 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
1324 		return -1;
1325 	}
1326 
1327 retry:
1328 	t->tsc = rdtsc();	/* we are running on local CPU of interest */
1329 
1330 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Avg_MHz) || DO_BIC(BIC_Busy) || DO_BIC(BIC_Bzy_MHz)) {
1331 		unsigned long long tsc_before, tsc_between, tsc_after, aperf_time, mperf_time;
1332 
1333 		/*
1334 		 * The TSC, APERF and MPERF must be read together for
1335 		 * APERF/MPERF and MPERF/TSC to give accurate results.
1336 		 *
1337 		 * Unfortunately, APERF and MPERF are read by
1338 		 * individual system call, so delays may occur
1339 		 * between them.  If the time to read them
1340 		 * varies by a large amount, we re-read them.
1341 		 */
1342 
1343 		/*
1344 		 * This initial dummy APERF read has been seen to
1345 		 * reduce jitter in the subsequent reads.
1346 		 */
1347 
1348 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_APERF, &t->aperf))
1349 			return -3;
1350 
1351 		t->tsc = rdtsc();	/* re-read close to APERF */
1352 
1353 		tsc_before = t->tsc;
1354 
1355 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_APERF, &t->aperf))
1356 			return -3;
1357 
1358 		tsc_between = rdtsc();
1359 
1360 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_MPERF, &t->mperf))
1361 			return -4;
1362 
1363 		tsc_after = rdtsc();
1364 
1365 		aperf_time = tsc_between - tsc_before;
1366 		mperf_time = tsc_after - tsc_between;
1367 
1368 		/*
1369 		 * If the system call latency to read APERF and MPERF
1370 		 * differ by more than 2x, then try again.
1371 		 */
1372 		if ((aperf_time > (2 * mperf_time)) || (mperf_time > (2 * aperf_time))) {
1373 			aperf_mperf_retry_count++;
1374 			if (aperf_mperf_retry_count < 5)
1375 				goto retry;
1376 			else
1377 				warnx("cpu%d jitter %lld %lld",
1378 					cpu, aperf_time, mperf_time);
1379 		}
1380 		aperf_mperf_retry_count = 0;
1381 
1382 		t->aperf = t->aperf * aperf_mperf_multiplier;
1383 		t->mperf = t->mperf * aperf_mperf_multiplier;
1384 	}
1385 
1386 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_IRQ))
1387 		t->irq_count = irqs_per_cpu[cpu];
1388 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_SMI)) {
1389 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_SMI_COUNT, &msr))
1390 			return -5;
1391 		t->smi_count = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1392 	}
1393 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c1) && use_c1_residency_msr) {
1394 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C1_RES, &t->c1))
1395 			return -6;
1396 	}
1397 
1398 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.tp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1399 		if (get_msr(cpu, mp->msr_num, &t->counter[i]))
1400 			return -10;
1401 	}
1402 
1403 
1404 	/* collect core counters only for 1st thread in core */
1405 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
1406 		return 0;
1407 
1408 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c3) && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates) {
1409 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C3_RESIDENCY, &c->c3))
1410 			return -6;
1411 	}
1412 
1413 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c6) && !do_knl_cstates) {
1414 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY, &c->c6))
1415 			return -7;
1416 	} else if (do_knl_cstates) {
1417 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_KNL_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY, &c->c6))
1418 			return -7;
1419 	}
1420 
1421 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CPU_c7))
1422 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C7_RESIDENCY, &c->c7))
1423 			return -8;
1424 
1425 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_Mod_c6))
1426 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_MODULE_C6_RES_MS, &c->mc6_us))
1427 			return -8;
1428 
1429 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_CoreTmp)) {
1430 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
1431 			return -9;
1432 		c->core_temp_c = tcc_activation_temp - ((msr >> 16) & 0x7F);
1433 	}
1434 
1435 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.cp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1436 		if (get_msr(cpu, mp->msr_num, &c->counter[i]))
1437 			return -10;
1438 	}
1439 
1440 	/* collect package counters only for 1st core in package */
1441 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
1442 		return 0;
1443 
1444 	if (do_skl_residency) {
1445 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_WEIGHTED_CORE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_wtd_core_c0))
1446 			return -10;
1447 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ANY_CORE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_any_core_c0))
1448 			return -11;
1449 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ANY_GFXE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0))
1450 			return -12;
1451 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_BOTH_CORE_GFXE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0))
1452 			return -13;
1453 	}
1454 	if (do_pc3)
1455 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY, &p->pc3))
1456 			return -9;
1457 	if (do_pc6) {
1458 		if (do_slm_cstates) {
1459 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_ATOM_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY, &p->pc6))
1460 				return -10;
1461 		} else {
1462 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY, &p->pc6))
1463 				return -10;
1464 		}
1465 	}
1466 
1467 	if (do_pc2)
1468 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY, &p->pc2))
1469 			return -11;
1470 	if (do_pc7)
1471 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY, &p->pc7))
1472 			return -12;
1473 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
1474 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C8_RESIDENCY, &p->pc8))
1475 			return -13;
1476 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C9_RESIDENCY, &p->pc9))
1477 			return -13;
1478 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C10_RESIDENCY, &p->pc10))
1479 			return -13;
1480 	}
1481 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG) {
1482 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1483 			return -13;
1484 		p->energy_pkg = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1485 	}
1486 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES_ENERGY_STATUS) {
1487 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1488 			return -14;
1489 		p->energy_cores = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1490 	}
1491 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM) {
1492 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1493 			return -15;
1494 		p->energy_dram = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1495 	}
1496 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX) {
1497 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1498 			return -16;
1499 		p->energy_gfx = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1500 	}
1501 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS) {
1502 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS, &msr))
1503 			return -16;
1504 		p->rapl_pkg_perf_status = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1505 	}
1506 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS) {
1507 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS, &msr))
1508 			return -16;
1509 		p->rapl_dram_perf_status = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1510 	}
1511 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_PkgTmp)) {
1512 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
1513 			return -17;
1514 		p->pkg_temp_c = tcc_activation_temp - ((msr >> 16) & 0x7F);
1515 	}
1516 
1517 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_rc6))
1518 		p->gfx_rc6_ms = gfx_cur_rc6_ms;
1519 
1520 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXMHz))
1521 		p->gfx_mhz = gfx_cur_mhz;
1522 
1523 	for (i = 0, mp = sys.pp; mp; i++, mp = mp->next) {
1524 		if (get_msr(cpu, mp->msr_num, &p->counter[i]))
1525 			return -10;
1526 	}
1527 
1528 	return 0;
1529 }
1530 
1531 /*
1532  * MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL decoding for pkg_cstate_limit:
1533  * If you change the values, note they are used both in comparisons
1534  * (>= PCL__7) and to index pkg_cstate_limit_strings[].
1535  */
1536 
1537 #define PCLUKN 0 /* Unknown */
1538 #define PCLRSV 1 /* Reserved */
1539 #define PCL__0 2 /* PC0 */
1540 #define PCL__1 3 /* PC1 */
1541 #define PCL__2 4 /* PC2 */
1542 #define PCL__3 5 /* PC3 */
1543 #define PCL__4 6 /* PC4 */
1544 #define PCL__6 7 /* PC6 */
1545 #define PCL_6N 8 /* PC6 No Retention */
1546 #define PCL_6R 9 /* PC6 Retention */
1547 #define PCL__7 10 /* PC7 */
1548 #define PCL_7S 11 /* PC7 Shrink */
1549 #define PCL__8 12 /* PC8 */
1550 #define PCL__9 13 /* PC9 */
1551 #define PCLUNL 14 /* Unlimited */
1552 
1553 int pkg_cstate_limit = PCLUKN;
1554 char *pkg_cstate_limit_strings[] = { "reserved", "unknown", "pc0", "pc1", "pc2",
1555 	"pc3", "pc4", "pc6", "pc6n", "pc6r", "pc7", "pc7s", "pc8", "pc9", "unlimited"};
1556 
1557 int nhm_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__1, PCL__3, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1558 int snb_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL_6N, PCL_6R, PCL__7, PCL_7S, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1559 int hsw_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL__3, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCL_7S, PCL__8, PCL__9, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1560 int slv_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__1, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCL__4, PCLRSV, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCL__6, PCL__7};
1561 int amt_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCLUNL, PCL__1, PCL__2, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1562 int phi_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL_6N, PCL_6R, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1563 int bxt_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1564 int skx_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL_6N, PCL_6R, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1565 
1566 
1567 static void
1568 calculate_tsc_tweak()
1569 {
1570 	tsc_tweak = base_hz / tsc_hz;
1571 }
1572 
1573 static void
1574 dump_nhm_platform_info(void)
1575 {
1576 	unsigned long long msr;
1577 	unsigned int ratio;
1578 
1579 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, &msr);
1580 
1581 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PLATFORM_INFO: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1582 
1583 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1584 	fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max efficiency frequency\n",
1585 		ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1586 
1587 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1588 	fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz base frequency\n",
1589 		ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1590 
1591 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_POWER_CTL, &msr);
1592 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_POWER_CTL: 0x%08llx (C1E auto-promotion: %sabled)\n",
1593 		base_cpu, msr, msr & 0x2 ? "EN" : "DIS");
1594 
1595 	return;
1596 }
1597 
1598 static void
1599 dump_hsw_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1600 {
1601 	unsigned long long msr;
1602 	unsigned int ratio;
1603 
1604 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT2, &msr);
1605 
1606 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT2: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1607 
1608 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1609 	if (ratio)
1610 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 18 active cores\n",
1611 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1612 
1613 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1614 	if (ratio)
1615 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 17 active cores\n",
1616 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1617 	return;
1618 }
1619 
1620 static void
1621 dump_ivt_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1622 {
1623 	unsigned long long msr;
1624 	unsigned int ratio;
1625 
1626 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT1, &msr);
1627 
1628 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT1: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1629 
1630 	ratio = (msr >> 56) & 0xFF;
1631 	if (ratio)
1632 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 16 active cores\n",
1633 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1634 
1635 	ratio = (msr >> 48) & 0xFF;
1636 	if (ratio)
1637 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 15 active cores\n",
1638 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1639 
1640 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1641 	if (ratio)
1642 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 14 active cores\n",
1643 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1644 
1645 	ratio = (msr >> 32) & 0xFF;
1646 	if (ratio)
1647 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 13 active cores\n",
1648 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1649 
1650 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0xFF;
1651 	if (ratio)
1652 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 12 active cores\n",
1653 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1654 
1655 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
1656 	if (ratio)
1657 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 11 active cores\n",
1658 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1659 
1660 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1661 	if (ratio)
1662 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 10 active cores\n",
1663 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1664 
1665 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1666 	if (ratio)
1667 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 9 active cores\n",
1668 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1669 	return;
1670 }
1671 
1672 static void
1673 dump_nhm_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1674 {
1675 	unsigned long long msr;
1676 	unsigned int ratio;
1677 
1678 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT, &msr);
1679 
1680 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1681 
1682 	ratio = (msr >> 56) & 0xFF;
1683 	if (ratio)
1684 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 8 active cores\n",
1685 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1686 
1687 	ratio = (msr >> 48) & 0xFF;
1688 	if (ratio)
1689 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 7 active cores\n",
1690 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1691 
1692 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1693 	if (ratio)
1694 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 6 active cores\n",
1695 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1696 
1697 	ratio = (msr >> 32) & 0xFF;
1698 	if (ratio)
1699 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 5 active cores\n",
1700 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1701 
1702 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0xFF;
1703 	if (ratio)
1704 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 4 active cores\n",
1705 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1706 
1707 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
1708 	if (ratio)
1709 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 3 active cores\n",
1710 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1711 
1712 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1713 	if (ratio)
1714 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 2 active cores\n",
1715 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1716 
1717 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1718 	if (ratio)
1719 		fprintf(outf, "%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo 1 active cores\n",
1720 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1721 	return;
1722 }
1723 
1724 static void
1725 dump_knl_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1726 {
1727 	const unsigned int buckets_no = 7;
1728 
1729 	unsigned long long msr;
1730 	int delta_cores, delta_ratio;
1731 	int i, b_nr;
1732 	unsigned int cores[buckets_no];
1733 	unsigned int ratio[buckets_no];
1734 
1735 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT, &msr);
1736 
1737 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x%08llx\n",
1738 		base_cpu, msr);
1739 
1740 	/**
1741 	 * Turbo encoding in KNL is as follows:
1742 	 * [0] -- Reserved
1743 	 * [7:1] -- Base value of number of active cores of bucket 1.
1744 	 * [15:8] -- Base value of freq ratio of bucket 1.
1745 	 * [20:16] -- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 2.
1746 	 * i.e. active cores of bucket 2 =
1747 	 * active cores of bucket 1 + delta
1748 	 * [23:21] -- Negative delta of freq ratio of bucket 2.
1749 	 * i.e. freq ratio of bucket 2 =
1750 	 * freq ratio of bucket 1 - delta
1751 	 * [28:24]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 3.
1752 	 * [31:29]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 3.
1753 	 * [36:32]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 4.
1754 	 * [39:37]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 4.
1755 	 * [44:40]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 5.
1756 	 * [47:45]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 5.
1757 	 * [52:48]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 6.
1758 	 * [55:53]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 6.
1759 	 * [60:56]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 7.
1760 	 * [63:61]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 7.
1761 	 */
1762 
1763 	b_nr = 0;
1764 	cores[b_nr] = (msr & 0xFF) >> 1;
1765 	ratio[b_nr] = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1766 
1767 	for (i = 16; i < 64; i += 8) {
1768 		delta_cores = (msr >> i) & 0x1F;
1769 		delta_ratio = (msr >> (i + 5)) & 0x7;
1770 
1771 		cores[b_nr + 1] = cores[b_nr] + delta_cores;
1772 		ratio[b_nr + 1] = ratio[b_nr] - delta_ratio;
1773 		b_nr++;
1774 	}
1775 
1776 	for (i = buckets_no - 1; i >= 0; i--)
1777 		if (i > 0 ? ratio[i] != ratio[i - 1] : 1)
1778 			fprintf(outf,
1779 				"%d * %.1f = %.1f MHz max turbo %d active cores\n",
1780 				ratio[i], bclk, ratio[i] * bclk, cores[i]);
1781 }
1782 
1783 static void
1784 dump_nhm_cst_cfg(void)
1785 {
1786 	unsigned long long msr;
1787 
1788 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL, &msr);
1789 
1790 #define SNB_C1_AUTO_UNDEMOTE              (1UL << 27)
1791 #define SNB_C3_AUTO_UNDEMOTE              (1UL << 28)
1792 
1793 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL: 0x%08llx", base_cpu, msr);
1794 
1795 	fprintf(outf, " (%s%s%s%s%slocked: pkg-cstate-limit=%d: %s)\n",
1796 		(msr & SNB_C3_AUTO_UNDEMOTE) ? "UNdemote-C3, " : "",
1797 		(msr & SNB_C1_AUTO_UNDEMOTE) ? "UNdemote-C1, " : "",
1798 		(msr & NHM_C3_AUTO_DEMOTE) ? "demote-C3, " : "",
1799 		(msr & NHM_C1_AUTO_DEMOTE) ? "demote-C1, " : "",
1800 		(msr & (1 << 15)) ? "" : "UN",
1801 		(unsigned int)msr & 0xF,
1802 		pkg_cstate_limit_strings[pkg_cstate_limit]);
1803 	return;
1804 }
1805 
1806 static void
1807 dump_config_tdp(void)
1808 {
1809 	unsigned long long msr;
1810 
1811 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_NOMINAL, &msr);
1812 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_NOMINAL: 0x%08llx", base_cpu, msr);
1813 	fprintf(outf, " (base_ratio=%d)\n", (unsigned int)msr & 0xFF);
1814 
1815 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_1, &msr);
1816 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_1: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1817 	if (msr) {
1818 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_MIN_PWR_LVL1=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 48) & 0x7FFF);
1819 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_MAX_PWR_LVL1=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 32) & 0x7FFF);
1820 		fprintf(outf, "LVL1_RATIO=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 16) & 0xFF);
1821 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_TDP_LVL1=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0x7FFF);
1822 	}
1823 	fprintf(outf, ")\n");
1824 
1825 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_2, &msr);
1826 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_2: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1827 	if (msr) {
1828 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_MIN_PWR_LVL2=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 48) & 0x7FFF);
1829 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_MAX_PWR_LVL2=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 32) & 0x7FFF);
1830 		fprintf(outf, "LVL2_RATIO=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 16) & 0xFF);
1831 		fprintf(outf, "PKG_TDP_LVL2=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0x7FFF);
1832 	}
1833 	fprintf(outf, ")\n");
1834 
1835 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_CONTROL, &msr);
1836 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_CONTROL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1837 	if ((msr) & 0x3)
1838 		fprintf(outf, "TDP_LEVEL=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0x3);
1839 	fprintf(outf, " lock=%d", (unsigned int)(msr >> 31) & 1);
1840 	fprintf(outf, ")\n");
1841 
1842 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_ACTIVATION_RATIO, &msr);
1843 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_ACTIVATION_RATIO: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1844 	fprintf(outf, "MAX_NON_TURBO_RATIO=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0xFF);
1845 	fprintf(outf, " lock=%d", (unsigned int)(msr >> 31) & 1);
1846 	fprintf(outf, ")\n");
1847 }
1848 
1849 unsigned int irtl_time_units[] = {1, 32, 1024, 32768, 1048576, 33554432, 0, 0 };
1850 
1851 void print_irtl(void)
1852 {
1853 	unsigned long long msr;
1854 
1855 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC3_IRTL, &msr);
1856 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC3_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1857 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1858 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1859 
1860 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC6_IRTL, &msr);
1861 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC6_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1862 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1863 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1864 
1865 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC7_IRTL, &msr);
1866 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC7_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1867 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1868 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1869 
1870 	if (!do_irtl_hsw)
1871 		return;
1872 
1873 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC8_IRTL, &msr);
1874 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC8_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1875 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1876 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1877 
1878 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC9_IRTL, &msr);
1879 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC9_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1880 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1881 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1882 
1883 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKGC10_IRTL, &msr);
1884 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKGC10_IRTL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1885 	fprintf(outf, "%svalid, %lld ns)\n", msr & (1 << 15) ? "" : "NOT",
1886 		(msr & 0x3FF) * irtl_time_units[(msr >> 10) & 0x3]);
1887 
1888 }
1889 void free_fd_percpu(void)
1890 {
1891 	int i;
1892 
1893 	for (i = 0; i < topo.max_cpu_num + 1; ++i) {
1894 		if (fd_percpu[i] != 0)
1895 			close(fd_percpu[i]);
1896 	}
1897 
1898 	free(fd_percpu);
1899 }
1900 
1901 void free_all_buffers(void)
1902 {
1903 	CPU_FREE(cpu_present_set);
1904 	cpu_present_set = NULL;
1905 	cpu_present_setsize = 0;
1906 
1907 	CPU_FREE(cpu_affinity_set);
1908 	cpu_affinity_set = NULL;
1909 	cpu_affinity_setsize = 0;
1910 
1911 	free(thread_even);
1912 	free(core_even);
1913 	free(package_even);
1914 
1915 	thread_even = NULL;
1916 	core_even = NULL;
1917 	package_even = NULL;
1918 
1919 	free(thread_odd);
1920 	free(core_odd);
1921 	free(package_odd);
1922 
1923 	thread_odd = NULL;
1924 	core_odd = NULL;
1925 	package_odd = NULL;
1926 
1927 	free(output_buffer);
1928 	output_buffer = NULL;
1929 	outp = NULL;
1930 
1931 	free_fd_percpu();
1932 
1933 	free(irq_column_2_cpu);
1934 	free(irqs_per_cpu);
1935 }
1936 
1937 /*
1938  * Open a file, and exit on failure
1939  */
1940 FILE *fopen_or_die(const char *path, const char *mode)
1941 {
1942 	FILE *filep = fopen(path, mode);
1943 	if (!filep)
1944 		err(1, "%s: open failed", path);
1945 	return filep;
1946 }
1947 
1948 /*
1949  * Parse a file containing a single int.
1950  */
1951 int parse_int_file(const char *fmt, ...)
1952 {
1953 	va_list args;
1954 	char path[PATH_MAX];
1955 	FILE *filep;
1956 	int value;
1957 
1958 	va_start(args, fmt);
1959 	vsnprintf(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
1960 	va_end(args);
1961 	filep = fopen_or_die(path, "r");
1962 	if (fscanf(filep, "%d", &value) != 1)
1963 		err(1, "%s: failed to parse number from file", path);
1964 	fclose(filep);
1965 	return value;
1966 }
1967 
1968 /*
1969  * get_cpu_position_in_core(cpu)
1970  * return the position of the CPU among its HT siblings in the core
1971  * return -1 if the sibling is not in list
1972  */
1973 int get_cpu_position_in_core(int cpu)
1974 {
1975 	char path[64];
1976 	FILE *filep;
1977 	int this_cpu;
1978 	char character;
1979 	int i;
1980 
1981 	sprintf(path,
1982 		"/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/thread_siblings_list",
1983 		cpu);
1984 	filep = fopen(path, "r");
1985 	if (filep == NULL) {
1986 		perror(path);
1987 		exit(1);
1988 	}
1989 
1990 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_threads_per_core; i++) {
1991 		fscanf(filep, "%d", &this_cpu);
1992 		if (this_cpu == cpu) {
1993 			fclose(filep);
1994 			return i;
1995 		}
1996 
1997 		/* Account for no separator after last thread*/
1998 		if (i != (topo.num_threads_per_core - 1))
1999 			fscanf(filep, "%c", &character);
2000 	}
2001 
2002 	fclose(filep);
2003 	return -1;
2004 }
2005 
2006 /*
2007  * cpu_is_first_core_in_package(cpu)
2008  * return 1 if given CPU is 1st core in package
2009  */
2010 int cpu_is_first_core_in_package(int cpu)
2011 {
2012 	return cpu == parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/core_siblings_list", cpu);
2013 }
2014 
2015 int get_physical_package_id(int cpu)
2016 {
2017 	return parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/physical_package_id", cpu);
2018 }
2019 
2020 int get_core_id(int cpu)
2021 {
2022 	return parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/core_id", cpu);
2023 }
2024 
2025 int get_num_ht_siblings(int cpu)
2026 {
2027 	char path[80];
2028 	FILE *filep;
2029 	int sib1;
2030 	int matches = 0;
2031 	char character;
2032 	char str[100];
2033 	char *ch;
2034 
2035 	sprintf(path, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/thread_siblings_list", cpu);
2036 	filep = fopen_or_die(path, "r");
2037 
2038 	/*
2039 	 * file format:
2040 	 * A ',' separated or '-' separated set of numbers
2041 	 * (eg 1-2 or 1,3,4,5)
2042 	 */
2043 	fscanf(filep, "%d%c\n", &sib1, &character);
2044 	fseek(filep, 0, SEEK_SET);
2045 	fgets(str, 100, filep);
2046 	ch = strchr(str, character);
2047 	while (ch != NULL) {
2048 		matches++;
2049 		ch = strchr(ch+1, character);
2050 	}
2051 
2052 	fclose(filep);
2053 	return matches+1;
2054 }
2055 
2056 /*
2057  * run func(thread, core, package) in topology order
2058  * skip non-present cpus
2059  */
2060 
2061 int for_all_cpus_2(int (func)(struct thread_data *, struct core_data *,
2062 	struct pkg_data *, struct thread_data *, struct core_data *,
2063 	struct pkg_data *), struct thread_data *thread_base,
2064 	struct core_data *core_base, struct pkg_data *pkg_base,
2065 	struct thread_data *thread_base2, struct core_data *core_base2,
2066 	struct pkg_data *pkg_base2)
2067 {
2068 	int retval, pkg_no, core_no, thread_no;
2069 
2070 	for (pkg_no = 0; pkg_no < topo.num_packages; ++pkg_no) {
2071 		for (core_no = 0; core_no < topo.num_cores_per_pkg; ++core_no) {
2072 			for (thread_no = 0; thread_no <
2073 				topo.num_threads_per_core; ++thread_no) {
2074 				struct thread_data *t, *t2;
2075 				struct core_data *c, *c2;
2076 				struct pkg_data *p, *p2;
2077 
2078 				t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
2079 
2080 				if (cpu_is_not_present(t->cpu_id))
2081 					continue;
2082 
2083 				t2 = GET_THREAD(thread_base2, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
2084 
2085 				c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no);
2086 				c2 = GET_CORE(core_base2, core_no, pkg_no);
2087 
2088 				p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no);
2089 				p2 = GET_PKG(pkg_base2, pkg_no);
2090 
2091 				retval = func(t, c, p, t2, c2, p2);
2092 				if (retval)
2093 					return retval;
2094 			}
2095 		}
2096 	}
2097 	return 0;
2098 }
2099 
2100 /*
2101  * run func(cpu) on every cpu in /proc/stat
2102  * return max_cpu number
2103  */
2104 int for_all_proc_cpus(int (func)(int))
2105 {
2106 	FILE *fp;
2107 	int cpu_num;
2108 	int retval;
2109 
2110 	fp = fopen_or_die(proc_stat, "r");
2111 
2112 	retval = fscanf(fp, "cpu %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d\n");
2113 	if (retval != 0)
2114 		err(1, "%s: failed to parse format", proc_stat);
2115 
2116 	while (1) {
2117 		retval = fscanf(fp, "cpu%u %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d\n", &cpu_num);
2118 		if (retval != 1)
2119 			break;
2120 
2121 		retval = func(cpu_num);
2122 		if (retval) {
2123 			fclose(fp);
2124 			return(retval);
2125 		}
2126 	}
2127 	fclose(fp);
2128 	return 0;
2129 }
2130 
2131 void re_initialize(void)
2132 {
2133 	free_all_buffers();
2134 	setup_all_buffers();
2135 	printf("turbostat: re-initialized with num_cpus %d\n", topo.num_cpus);
2136 }
2137 
2138 
2139 /*
2140  * count_cpus()
2141  * remember the last one seen, it will be the max
2142  */
2143 int count_cpus(int cpu)
2144 {
2145 	if (topo.max_cpu_num < cpu)
2146 		topo.max_cpu_num = cpu;
2147 
2148 	topo.num_cpus += 1;
2149 	return 0;
2150 }
2151 int mark_cpu_present(int cpu)
2152 {
2153 	CPU_SET_S(cpu, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
2154 	return 0;
2155 }
2156 
2157 /*
2158  * snapshot_proc_interrupts()
2159  *
2160  * read and record summary of /proc/interrupts
2161  *
2162  * return 1 if config change requires a restart, else return 0
2163  */
2164 int snapshot_proc_interrupts(void)
2165 {
2166 	static FILE *fp;
2167 	int column, retval;
2168 
2169 	if (fp == NULL)
2170 		fp = fopen_or_die("/proc/interrupts", "r");
2171 	else
2172 		rewind(fp);
2173 
2174 	/* read 1st line of /proc/interrupts to get cpu* name for each column */
2175 	for (column = 0; column < topo.num_cpus; ++column) {
2176 		int cpu_number;
2177 
2178 		retval = fscanf(fp, " CPU%d", &cpu_number);
2179 		if (retval != 1)
2180 			break;
2181 
2182 		if (cpu_number > topo.max_cpu_num) {
2183 			warn("/proc/interrupts: cpu%d: > %d", cpu_number, topo.max_cpu_num);
2184 			return 1;
2185 		}
2186 
2187 		irq_column_2_cpu[column] = cpu_number;
2188 		irqs_per_cpu[cpu_number] = 0;
2189 	}
2190 
2191 	/* read /proc/interrupt count lines and sum up irqs per cpu */
2192 	while (1) {
2193 		int column;
2194 		char buf[64];
2195 
2196 		retval = fscanf(fp, " %s:", buf);	/* flush irq# "N:" */
2197 		if (retval != 1)
2198 			break;
2199 
2200 		/* read the count per cpu */
2201 		for (column = 0; column < topo.num_cpus; ++column) {
2202 
2203 			int cpu_number, irq_count;
2204 
2205 			retval = fscanf(fp, " %d", &irq_count);
2206 			if (retval != 1)
2207 				break;
2208 
2209 			cpu_number = irq_column_2_cpu[column];
2210 			irqs_per_cpu[cpu_number] += irq_count;
2211 
2212 		}
2213 
2214 		while (getc(fp) != '\n')
2215 			;	/* flush interrupt description */
2216 
2217 	}
2218 	return 0;
2219 }
2220 /*
2221  * snapshot_gfx_rc6_ms()
2222  *
2223  * record snapshot of
2224  * /sys/class/drm/card0/power/rc6_residency_ms
2225  *
2226  * return 1 if config change requires a restart, else return 0
2227  */
2228 int snapshot_gfx_rc6_ms(void)
2229 {
2230 	FILE *fp;
2231 	int retval;
2232 
2233 	fp = fopen_or_die("/sys/class/drm/card0/power/rc6_residency_ms", "r");
2234 
2235 	retval = fscanf(fp, "%lld", &gfx_cur_rc6_ms);
2236 	if (retval != 1)
2237 		err(1, "GFX rc6");
2238 
2239 	fclose(fp);
2240 
2241 	return 0;
2242 }
2243 /*
2244  * snapshot_gfx_mhz()
2245  *
2246  * record snapshot of
2247  * /sys/class/graphics/fb0/device/drm/card0/gt_cur_freq_mhz
2248  *
2249  * return 1 if config change requires a restart, else return 0
2250  */
2251 int snapshot_gfx_mhz(void)
2252 {
2253 	static FILE *fp;
2254 	int retval;
2255 
2256 	if (fp == NULL)
2257 		fp = fopen_or_die("/sys/class/graphics/fb0/device/drm/card0/gt_cur_freq_mhz", "r");
2258 	else
2259 		rewind(fp);
2260 
2261 	retval = fscanf(fp, "%d", &gfx_cur_mhz);
2262 	if (retval != 1)
2263 		err(1, "GFX MHz");
2264 
2265 	return 0;
2266 }
2267 
2268 /*
2269  * snapshot /proc and /sys files
2270  *
2271  * return 1 if configuration restart needed, else return 0
2272  */
2273 int snapshot_proc_sysfs_files(void)
2274 {
2275 	if (snapshot_proc_interrupts())
2276 		return 1;
2277 
2278 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFX_rc6))
2279 		snapshot_gfx_rc6_ms();
2280 
2281 	if (DO_BIC(BIC_GFXMHz))
2282 		snapshot_gfx_mhz();
2283 
2284 	return 0;
2285 }
2286 
2287 void turbostat_loop()
2288 {
2289 	int retval;
2290 	int restarted = 0;
2291 
2292 restart:
2293 	restarted++;
2294 
2295 	snapshot_proc_sysfs_files();
2296 	retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
2297 	if (retval < -1) {
2298 		exit(retval);
2299 	} else if (retval == -1) {
2300 		if (restarted > 1) {
2301 			exit(retval);
2302 		}
2303 		re_initialize();
2304 		goto restart;
2305 	}
2306 	restarted = 0;
2307 	gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
2308 
2309 	while (1) {
2310 		if (for_all_proc_cpus(cpu_is_not_present)) {
2311 			re_initialize();
2312 			goto restart;
2313 		}
2314 		nanosleep(&interval_ts, NULL);
2315 		if (snapshot_proc_sysfs_files())
2316 			goto restart;
2317 		retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
2318 		if (retval < -1) {
2319 			exit(retval);
2320 		} else if (retval == -1) {
2321 			re_initialize();
2322 			goto restart;
2323 		}
2324 		gettimeofday(&tv_odd, (struct timezone *)NULL);
2325 		timersub(&tv_odd, &tv_even, &tv_delta);
2326 		if (for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, ODD_COUNTERS, EVEN_COUNTERS)) {
2327 			re_initialize();
2328 			goto restart;
2329 		}
2330 		compute_average(EVEN_COUNTERS);
2331 		format_all_counters(EVEN_COUNTERS);
2332 		flush_output_stdout();
2333 		nanosleep(&interval_ts, NULL);
2334 		if (snapshot_proc_sysfs_files())
2335 			goto restart;
2336 		retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
2337 		if (retval < -1) {
2338 			exit(retval);
2339 		} else if (retval == -1) {
2340 			re_initialize();
2341 			goto restart;
2342 		}
2343 		gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
2344 		timersub(&tv_even, &tv_odd, &tv_delta);
2345 		if (for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, EVEN_COUNTERS, ODD_COUNTERS)) {
2346 			re_initialize();
2347 			goto restart;
2348 		}
2349 		compute_average(ODD_COUNTERS);
2350 		format_all_counters(ODD_COUNTERS);
2351 		flush_output_stdout();
2352 	}
2353 }
2354 
2355 void check_dev_msr()
2356 {
2357 	struct stat sb;
2358 	char pathname[32];
2359 
2360 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", base_cpu);
2361 	if (stat(pathname, &sb))
2362  		if (system("/sbin/modprobe msr > /dev/null 2>&1"))
2363 			err(-5, "no /dev/cpu/0/msr, Try \"# modprobe msr\" ");
2364 }
2365 
2366 void check_permissions()
2367 {
2368 	struct __user_cap_header_struct cap_header_data;
2369 	cap_user_header_t cap_header = &cap_header_data;
2370 	struct __user_cap_data_struct cap_data_data;
2371 	cap_user_data_t cap_data = &cap_data_data;
2372 	extern int capget(cap_user_header_t hdrp, cap_user_data_t datap);
2373 	int do_exit = 0;
2374 	char pathname[32];
2375 
2376 	/* check for CAP_SYS_RAWIO */
2377 	cap_header->pid = getpid();
2378 	cap_header->version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION;
2379 	if (capget(cap_header, cap_data) < 0)
2380 		err(-6, "capget(2) failed");
2381 
2382 	if ((cap_data->effective & (1 << CAP_SYS_RAWIO)) == 0) {
2383 		do_exit++;
2384 		warnx("capget(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) failed,"
2385 			" try \"# setcap cap_sys_rawio=ep %s\"", progname);
2386 	}
2387 
2388 	/* test file permissions */
2389 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", base_cpu);
2390 	if (euidaccess(pathname, R_OK)) {
2391 		do_exit++;
2392 		warn("/dev/cpu/0/msr open failed, try chown or chmod +r /dev/cpu/*/msr");
2393 	}
2394 
2395 	/* if all else fails, thell them to be root */
2396 	if (do_exit)
2397 		if (getuid() != 0)
2398 			warnx("... or simply run as root");
2399 
2400 	if (do_exit)
2401 		exit(-6);
2402 }
2403 
2404 /*
2405  * NHM adds support for additional MSRs:
2406  *
2407  * MSR_SMI_COUNT                   0x00000034
2408  *
2409  * MSR_PLATFORM_INFO               0x000000ce
2410  * MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL     0x000000e2
2411  *
2412  * MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT               0x000001aa
2413  *
2414  * MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY            0x000003f8
2415  * MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY            0x000003f9
2416  * MSR_CORE_C3_RESIDENCY           0x000003fc
2417  * MSR_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY           0x000003fd
2418  *
2419  * Side effect:
2420  * sets global pkg_cstate_limit to decode MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL
2421  */
2422 int probe_nhm_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2423 {
2424 	unsigned long long msr;
2425 	unsigned int base_ratio;
2426 	int *pkg_cstate_limits;
2427 
2428 	if (!genuine_intel)
2429 		return 0;
2430 
2431 	if (family != 6)
2432 		return 0;
2433 
2434 	bclk = discover_bclk(family, model);
2435 
2436 	switch (model) {
2437 	case INTEL_FAM6_NEHALEM_EP:	/* Core i7, Xeon 5500 series - Bloomfield, Gainstown NHM-EP */
2438 	case INTEL_FAM6_NEHALEM:	/* Core i7 and i5 Processor - Clarksfield, Lynnfield, Jasper Forest */
2439 	case 0x1F:	/* Core i7 and i5 Processor - Nehalem */
2440 	case INTEL_FAM6_WESTMERE:	/* Westmere Client - Clarkdale, Arrandale */
2441 	case INTEL_FAM6_WESTMERE_EP:	/* Westmere EP - Gulftown */
2442 	case INTEL_FAM6_NEHALEM_EX:	/* Nehalem-EX Xeon - Beckton */
2443 	case INTEL_FAM6_WESTMERE_EX:	/* Westmere-EX Xeon - Eagleton */
2444 		pkg_cstate_limits = nhm_pkg_cstate_limits;
2445 		break;
2446 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE:	/* SNB */
2447 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE_X:	/* SNB Xeon */
2448 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE:	/* IVB */
2449 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X:	/* IVB Xeon */
2450 		pkg_cstate_limits = snb_pkg_cstate_limits;
2451 		break;
2452 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
2453 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
2454 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
2455 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
2456 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
2457 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E:	/* BDW */
2458 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
2459 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
2460 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
2461 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
2462 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
2463 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
2464 		pkg_cstate_limits = hsw_pkg_cstate_limits;
2465 		break;
2466 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
2467 		pkg_cstate_limits = skx_pkg_cstate_limits;
2468 		break;
2469 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:	/* BYT */
2470 		no_MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT = 1;
2471 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT2:	/* AVN */
2472 		pkg_cstate_limits = slv_pkg_cstate_limits;
2473 		break;
2474 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_AIRMONT:	/* AMT */
2475 		pkg_cstate_limits = amt_pkg_cstate_limits;
2476 		no_MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT = 1;
2477 		break;
2478 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* PHI */
2479 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2480 		pkg_cstate_limits = phi_pkg_cstate_limits;
2481 		break;
2482 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
2483 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON:	/* DNV */
2484 		pkg_cstate_limits = bxt_pkg_cstate_limits;
2485 		break;
2486 	default:
2487 		return 0;
2488 	}
2489 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL, &msr);
2490 	pkg_cstate_limit = pkg_cstate_limits[msr & 0xF];
2491 
2492 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, &msr);
2493 	base_ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
2494 
2495 	base_hz = base_ratio * bclk * 1000000;
2496 	has_base_hz = 1;
2497 	return 1;
2498 }
2499 int has_nhm_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2500 {
2501 	switch (model) {
2502 	/* Nehalem compatible, but do not include turbo-ratio limit support */
2503 	case INTEL_FAM6_NEHALEM_EX:	/* Nehalem-EX Xeon - Beckton */
2504 	case INTEL_FAM6_WESTMERE_EX:	/* Westmere-EX Xeon - Eagleton */
2505 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* PHI - Knights Landing (different MSR definition) */
2506 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2507 		return 0;
2508 	default:
2509 		return 1;
2510 	}
2511 }
2512 int has_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2513 {
2514 	if (!genuine_intel)
2515 		return 0;
2516 
2517 	if (family != 6)
2518 		return 0;
2519 
2520 	switch (model) {
2521 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X:	/* IVB Xeon */
2522 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSW Xeon */
2523 		return 1;
2524 	default:
2525 		return 0;
2526 	}
2527 }
2528 int has_hsw_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2529 {
2530 	if (!genuine_intel)
2531 		return 0;
2532 
2533 	if (family != 6)
2534 		return 0;
2535 
2536 	switch (model) {
2537 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSW Xeon */
2538 		return 1;
2539 	default:
2540 		return 0;
2541 	}
2542 }
2543 
2544 int has_knl_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2545 {
2546 	if (!genuine_intel)
2547 		return 0;
2548 
2549 	if (family != 6)
2550 		return 0;
2551 
2552 	switch (model) {
2553 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* Knights Landing */
2554 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2555 		return 1;
2556 	default:
2557 		return 0;
2558 	}
2559 }
2560 int has_config_tdp(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2561 {
2562 	if (!genuine_intel)
2563 		return 0;
2564 
2565 	if (family != 6)
2566 		return 0;
2567 
2568 	switch (model) {
2569 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE:	/* IVB */
2570 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
2571 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
2572 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
2573 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
2574 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
2575 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E:	/* BDW */
2576 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
2577 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
2578 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
2579 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
2580 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
2581 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
2582 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
2583 
2584 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* Knights Landing */
2585 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2586 		return 1;
2587 	default:
2588 		return 0;
2589 	}
2590 }
2591 
2592 static void
2593 dump_cstate_pstate_config_info(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2594 {
2595 	if (!do_nhm_platform_info)
2596 		return;
2597 
2598 	dump_nhm_platform_info();
2599 
2600 	if (has_hsw_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2601 		dump_hsw_turbo_ratio_limits();
2602 
2603 	if (has_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2604 		dump_ivt_turbo_ratio_limits();
2605 
2606 	if (has_nhm_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2607 		dump_nhm_turbo_ratio_limits();
2608 
2609 	if (has_knl_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
2610 		dump_knl_turbo_ratio_limits();
2611 
2612 	if (has_config_tdp(family, model))
2613 		dump_config_tdp();
2614 
2615 	dump_nhm_cst_cfg();
2616 }
2617 
2618 
2619 /*
2620  * print_epb()
2621  * Decode the ENERGY_PERF_BIAS MSR
2622  */
2623 int print_epb(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2624 {
2625 	unsigned long long msr;
2626 	char *epb_string;
2627 	int cpu;
2628 
2629 	if (!has_epb)
2630 		return 0;
2631 
2632 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2633 
2634 	/* EPB is per-package */
2635 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2636 		return 0;
2637 
2638 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2639 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2640 		return -1;
2641 	}
2642 
2643 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS, &msr))
2644 		return 0;
2645 
2646 	switch (msr & 0xF) {
2647 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_PERFORMANCE:
2648 		epb_string = "performance";
2649 		break;
2650 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_NORMAL:
2651 		epb_string = "balanced";
2652 		break;
2653 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_POWERSAVE:
2654 		epb_string = "powersave";
2655 		break;
2656 	default:
2657 		epb_string = "custom";
2658 		break;
2659 	}
2660 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: 0x%08llx (%s)\n", cpu, msr, epb_string);
2661 
2662 	return 0;
2663 }
2664 /*
2665  * print_hwp()
2666  * Decode the MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES
2667  */
2668 int print_hwp(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2669 {
2670 	unsigned long long msr;
2671 	int cpu;
2672 
2673 	if (!has_hwp)
2674 		return 0;
2675 
2676 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2677 
2678 	/* MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES is per-package */
2679 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2680 		return 0;
2681 
2682 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2683 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2684 		return -1;
2685 	}
2686 
2687 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PM_ENABLE, &msr))
2688 		return 0;
2689 
2690 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PM_ENABLE: 0x%08llx (%sHWP)\n",
2691 		cpu, msr, (msr & (1 << 0)) ? "" : "No-");
2692 
2693 	/* MSR_PM_ENABLE[1] == 1 if HWP is enabled and MSRs visible */
2694 	if ((msr & (1 << 0)) == 0)
2695 		return 0;
2696 
2697 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES, &msr))
2698 		return 0;
2699 
2700 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES: 0x%08llx "
2701 			"(high 0x%x guar 0x%x eff 0x%x low 0x%x)\n",
2702 			cpu, msr,
2703 			(unsigned int)HWP_HIGHEST_PERF(msr),
2704 			(unsigned int)HWP_GUARANTEED_PERF(msr),
2705 			(unsigned int)HWP_MOSTEFFICIENT_PERF(msr),
2706 			(unsigned int)HWP_LOWEST_PERF(msr));
2707 
2708 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_REQUEST, &msr))
2709 		return 0;
2710 
2711 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_REQUEST: 0x%08llx "
2712 			"(min 0x%x max 0x%x des 0x%x epp 0x%x window 0x%x pkg 0x%x)\n",
2713 			cpu, msr,
2714 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 0) & 0xff),
2715 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 8) & 0xff),
2716 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 16) & 0xff),
2717 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 24) & 0xff),
2718 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 32) & 0xff3),
2719 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 42) & 0x1));
2720 
2721 	if (has_hwp_pkg) {
2722 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_REQUEST_PKG, &msr))
2723 			return 0;
2724 
2725 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_REQUEST_PKG: 0x%08llx "
2726 			"(min 0x%x max 0x%x des 0x%x epp 0x%x window 0x%x)\n",
2727 			cpu, msr,
2728 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 0) & 0xff),
2729 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 8) & 0xff),
2730 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 16) & 0xff),
2731 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 24) & 0xff),
2732 			(unsigned int)(((msr) >> 32) & 0xff3));
2733 	}
2734 	if (has_hwp_notify) {
2735 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_INTERRUPT, &msr))
2736 			return 0;
2737 
2738 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_INTERRUPT: 0x%08llx "
2739 			"(%s_Guaranteed_Perf_Change, %s_Excursion_Min)\n",
2740 			cpu, msr,
2741 			((msr) & 0x1) ? "EN" : "Dis",
2742 			((msr) & 0x2) ? "EN" : "Dis");
2743 	}
2744 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_HWP_STATUS, &msr))
2745 		return 0;
2746 
2747 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_HWP_STATUS: 0x%08llx "
2748 			"(%sGuaranteed_Perf_Change, %sExcursion_Min)\n",
2749 			cpu, msr,
2750 			((msr) & 0x1) ? "" : "No-",
2751 			((msr) & 0x2) ? "" : "No-");
2752 
2753 	return 0;
2754 }
2755 
2756 /*
2757  * print_perf_limit()
2758  */
2759 int print_perf_limit(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2760 {
2761 	unsigned long long msr;
2762 	int cpu;
2763 
2764 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2765 
2766 	/* per-package */
2767 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2768 		return 0;
2769 
2770 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2771 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2772 		return -1;
2773 	}
2774 
2775 	if (do_core_perf_limit_reasons) {
2776 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2777 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CORE_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2778 		fprintf(outf, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2779 			(msr & 1 << 15) ? "bit15, " : "",
2780 			(msr & 1 << 14) ? "bit14, " : "",
2781 			(msr & 1 << 13) ? "Transitions, " : "",
2782 			(msr & 1 << 12) ? "MultiCoreTurbo, " : "",
2783 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "",
2784 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2785 			(msr & 1 << 9) ? "CorePwr, " : "",
2786 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2787 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2788 			(msr & 1 << 5) ? "Auto-HWP, " : "",
2789 			(msr & 1 << 4) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2790 			(msr & 1 << 2) ? "bit2, " : "",
2791 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2792 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "");
2793 		fprintf(outf, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2794 			(msr & 1 << 31) ? "bit31, " : "",
2795 			(msr & 1 << 30) ? "bit30, " : "",
2796 			(msr & 1 << 29) ? "Transitions, " : "",
2797 			(msr & 1 << 28) ? "MultiCoreTurbo, " : "",
2798 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "",
2799 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2800 			(msr & 1 << 25) ? "CorePwr, " : "",
2801 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2802 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2803 			(msr & 1 << 21) ? "Auto-HWP, " : "",
2804 			(msr & 1 << 20) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2805 			(msr & 1 << 18) ? "bit18, " : "",
2806 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2807 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "");
2808 
2809 	}
2810 	if (do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons) {
2811 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_GFX_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2812 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_GFX_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2813 		fprintf(outf, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2814 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2815 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2816 			(msr & 1 << 4) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2817 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2818 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2819 			(msr & 1 << 9) ? "GFXPwr, " : "",
2820 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2821 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2822 		fprintf(outf, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2823 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2824 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2825 			(msr & 1 << 20) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2826 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2827 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2828 			(msr & 1 << 25) ? "GFXPwr, " : "",
2829 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2830 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2831 	}
2832 	if (do_ring_perf_limit_reasons) {
2833 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_RING_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2834 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_RING_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2835 		fprintf(outf, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2836 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2837 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2838 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2839 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2840 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2841 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2842 		fprintf(outf, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2843 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2844 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2845 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2846 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2847 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2848 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2849 	}
2850 	return 0;
2851 }
2852 
2853 #define	RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY	0x7FFF	/* 15 bit power granularity */
2854 #define	RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY	0x3F /* 6 bit time granularity */
2855 
2856 double get_tdp(unsigned int model)
2857 {
2858 	unsigned long long msr;
2859 
2860 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO)
2861 		if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO, &msr))
2862 			return ((msr >> 0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units;
2863 
2864 	switch (model) {
2865 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:
2866 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT2:
2867 		return 30.0;
2868 	default:
2869 		return 135.0;
2870 	}
2871 }
2872 
2873 /*
2874  * rapl_dram_energy_units_probe()
2875  * Energy units are either hard-coded, or come from RAPL Energy Unit MSR.
2876  */
2877 static double
2878 rapl_dram_energy_units_probe(int  model, double rapl_energy_units)
2879 {
2880 	/* only called for genuine_intel, family 6 */
2881 
2882 	switch (model) {
2883 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
2884 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
2885 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
2886 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* KNL */
2887 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2888 		return (rapl_dram_energy_units = 15.3 / 1000000);
2889 	default:
2890 		return (rapl_energy_units);
2891 	}
2892 }
2893 
2894 
2895 /*
2896  * rapl_probe()
2897  *
2898  * sets do_rapl, rapl_power_units, rapl_energy_units, rapl_time_units
2899  */
2900 void rapl_probe(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2901 {
2902 	unsigned long long msr;
2903 	unsigned int time_unit;
2904 	double tdp;
2905 
2906 	if (!genuine_intel)
2907 		return;
2908 
2909 	if (family != 6)
2910 		return;
2911 
2912 	switch (model) {
2913 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE:
2914 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE:
2915 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
2916 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
2917 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
2918 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
2919 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E:	/* BDW */
2920 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES | RAPL_CORE_POLICY | RAPL_GFX | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2921 		if (rapl_joules) {
2922 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
2923 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
2924 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_GFX_J);
2925 		} else {
2926 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
2927 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
2928 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_GFXWatt);
2929 		}
2930 		break;
2931 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
2932 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2933 		if (rapl_joules)
2934 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
2935 		else
2936 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
2937 		break;
2938 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
2939 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
2940 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
2941 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
2942 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2943 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PKG__);
2944 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM__);
2945 		if (rapl_joules) {
2946 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
2947 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
2948 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM_J);
2949 		} else {
2950 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
2951 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
2952 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAMWatt);
2953 		}
2954 		break;
2955 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
2956 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
2957 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
2958 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
2959 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* KNL */
2960 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
2961 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2962 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PKG__);
2963 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM__);
2964 		if (rapl_joules) {
2965 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
2966 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM_J);
2967 		} else {
2968 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
2969 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAMWatt);
2970 		}
2971 		break;
2972 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE_X:
2973 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X:
2974 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES | RAPL_CORE_POLICY | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2975 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PKG__);
2976 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM__);
2977 		if (rapl_joules) {
2978 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
2979 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
2980 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM_J);
2981 		} else {
2982 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
2983 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
2984 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAMWatt);
2985 		}
2986 		break;
2987 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:	/* BYT */
2988 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT2:	/* AVN */
2989 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES;
2990 		if (rapl_joules) {
2991 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
2992 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
2993 		} else {
2994 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
2995 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
2996 		}
2997 		break;
2998 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON:	/* DNV */
2999 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO | RAPL_CORES_ENERGY_STATUS;
3000 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PKG__);
3001 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM__);
3002 		if (rapl_joules) {
3003 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Pkg_J);
3004 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Cor_J);
3005 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAM_J);
3006 		} else {
3007 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgWatt);
3008 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CorWatt);
3009 			BIC_PRESENT(BIC_RAMWatt);
3010 		}
3011 		break;
3012 	default:
3013 		return;
3014 	}
3015 
3016 	/* units on package 0, verify later other packages match */
3017 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, &msr))
3018 		return;
3019 
3020 	rapl_power_units = 1.0 / (1 << (msr & 0xF));
3021 	if (model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1)
3022 		rapl_energy_units = 1.0 * (1 << (msr >> 8 & 0x1F)) / 1000000;
3023 	else
3024 		rapl_energy_units = 1.0 / (1 << (msr >> 8 & 0x1F));
3025 
3026 	rapl_dram_energy_units = rapl_dram_energy_units_probe(model, rapl_energy_units);
3027 
3028 	time_unit = msr >> 16 & 0xF;
3029 	if (time_unit == 0)
3030 		time_unit = 0xA;
3031 
3032 	rapl_time_units = 1.0 / (1 << (time_unit));
3033 
3034 	tdp = get_tdp(model);
3035 
3036 	rapl_joule_counter_range = 0xFFFFFFFF * rapl_energy_units / tdp;
3037 	if (debug)
3038 		fprintf(outf, "RAPL: %.0f sec. Joule Counter Range, at %.0f Watts\n", rapl_joule_counter_range, tdp);
3039 
3040 	return;
3041 }
3042 
3043 void perf_limit_reasons_probe(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3044 {
3045 	if (!genuine_intel)
3046 		return;
3047 
3048 	if (family != 6)
3049 		return;
3050 
3051 	switch (model) {
3052 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
3053 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
3054 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
3055 		do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
3056 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSX */
3057 		do_core_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
3058 		do_ring_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
3059 	default:
3060 		return;
3061 	}
3062 }
3063 
3064 int print_thermal(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
3065 {
3066 	unsigned long long msr;
3067 	unsigned int dts;
3068 	int cpu;
3069 
3070 	if (!(do_dts || do_ptm))
3071 		return 0;
3072 
3073 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
3074 
3075 	/* DTS is per-core, no need to print for each thread */
3076 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
3077 		return 0;
3078 
3079 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
3080 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
3081 		return -1;
3082 	}
3083 
3084 	if (do_ptm && (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE)) {
3085 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
3086 			return 0;
3087 
3088 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
3089 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS: 0x%08llx (%d C)\n",
3090 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts);
3091 
3092 #ifdef	THERM_DEBUG
3093 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT, &msr))
3094 			return 0;
3095 
3096 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
3097 		dts2 = (msr >> 8) & 0x7F;
3098 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT: 0x%08llx (%d C, %d C)\n",
3099 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, tcc_activation_temp - dts2);
3100 #endif
3101 	}
3102 
3103 
3104 	if (do_dts) {
3105 		unsigned int resolution;
3106 
3107 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
3108 			return 0;
3109 
3110 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
3111 		resolution = (msr >> 27) & 0xF;
3112 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS: 0x%08llx (%d C +/- %d)\n",
3113 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, resolution);
3114 
3115 #ifdef THERM_DEBUG
3116 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_INTERRUPT, &msr))
3117 			return 0;
3118 
3119 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
3120 		dts2 = (msr >> 8) & 0x7F;
3121 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_THERM_INTERRUPT: 0x%08llx (%d C, %d C)\n",
3122 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, tcc_activation_temp - dts2);
3123 #endif
3124 	}
3125 
3126 	return 0;
3127 }
3128 
3129 void print_power_limit_msr(int cpu, unsigned long long msr, char *label)
3130 {
3131 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: %s: %sabled (%f Watts, %f sec, clamp %sabled)\n",
3132 		cpu, label,
3133 		((msr >> 15) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS",
3134 		((msr >> 0) & 0x7FFF) * rapl_power_units,
3135 		(1.0 + (((msr >> 22) & 0x3)/4.0)) * (1 << ((msr >> 17) & 0x1F)) * rapl_time_units,
3136 		(((msr >> 16) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS"));
3137 
3138 	return;
3139 }
3140 
3141 int print_rapl(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
3142 {
3143 	unsigned long long msr;
3144 	int cpu;
3145 
3146 	if (!do_rapl)
3147 		return 0;
3148 
3149 	/* RAPL counters are per package, so print only for 1st thread/package */
3150 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
3151 		return 0;
3152 
3153 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
3154 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
3155 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
3156 		return -1;
3157 	}
3158 
3159 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, &msr))
3160 		return -1;
3161 
3162 	if (debug) {
3163 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT: 0x%08llx "
3164 			"(%f Watts, %f Joules, %f sec.)\n", cpu, msr,
3165 			rapl_power_units, rapl_energy_units, rapl_time_units);
3166 	}
3167 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO) {
3168 
3169 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO, &msr))
3170                 	return -5;
3171 
3172 
3173 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO: 0x%08llx (%.0f W TDP, RAPL %.0f - %.0f W, %f sec.)\n",
3174 			cpu, msr,
3175 			((msr >>  0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3176 			((msr >> 16) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3177 			((msr >> 32) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3178 			((msr >> 48) & RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY) * rapl_time_units);
3179 
3180 	}
3181 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG) {
3182 
3183 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
3184 			return -9;
3185 
3186 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
3187 			cpu, msr, (msr >> 63) & 1 ? "": "UN");
3188 
3189 		print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "PKG Limit #1");
3190 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: PKG Limit #2: %sabled (%f Watts, %f* sec, clamp %sabled)\n",
3191 			cpu,
3192 			((msr >> 47) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS",
3193 			((msr >> 32) & 0x7FFF) * rapl_power_units,
3194 			(1.0 + (((msr >> 54) & 0x3)/4.0)) * (1 << ((msr >> 49) & 0x1F)) * rapl_time_units,
3195 			((msr >> 48) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS");
3196 	}
3197 
3198 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO) {
3199 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO, &msr))
3200                 	return -6;
3201 
3202 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO,: 0x%08llx (%.0f W TDP, RAPL %.0f - %.0f W, %f sec.)\n",
3203 			cpu, msr,
3204 			((msr >>  0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3205 			((msr >> 16) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3206 			((msr >> 32) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
3207 			((msr >> 48) & RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY) * rapl_time_units);
3208 	}
3209 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM) {
3210 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
3211 			return -9;
3212 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
3213 				cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
3214 
3215 		print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "DRAM Limit");
3216 	}
3217 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORE_POLICY) {
3218 		if (debug) {
3219 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_POLICY, &msr))
3220 				return -7;
3221 
3222 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PP0_POLICY: %lld\n", cpu, msr & 0xF);
3223 		}
3224 	}
3225 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES_POWER_LIMIT) {
3226 		if (debug) {
3227 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
3228 				return -9;
3229 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
3230 					cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
3231 			print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "Cores Limit");
3232 		}
3233 	}
3234 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX) {
3235 		if (debug) {
3236 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_POLICY, &msr))
3237 				return -8;
3238 
3239 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PP1_POLICY: %lld\n", cpu, msr & 0xF);
3240 
3241 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
3242 				return -9;
3243 			fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
3244 					cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
3245 			print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "GFX Limit");
3246 		}
3247 	}
3248 	return 0;
3249 }
3250 
3251 /*
3252  * SNB adds support for additional MSRs:
3253  *
3254  * MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY            0x000003fa
3255  * MSR_CORE_C7_RESIDENCY           0x000003fe
3256  * MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY            0x0000060d
3257  */
3258 
3259 int has_snb_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3260 {
3261 	if (!genuine_intel)
3262 		return 0;
3263 
3264 	switch (model) {
3265 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE:
3266 	case INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE_X:
3267 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE:	/* IVB */
3268 	case INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X:	/* IVB Xeon */
3269 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE:	/* HSW */
3270 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X:	/* HSW */
3271 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
3272 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E:	/* HSW */
3273 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
3274 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E:	/* BDW */
3275 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X:	/* BDX */
3276 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D:	/* BDX-DE */
3277 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3278 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3279 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3280 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3281 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
3282 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
3283 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON:	/* DNV */
3284 		return 1;
3285 	}
3286 	return 0;
3287 }
3288 
3289 /*
3290  * SLV client has supporet for unique MSRs:
3291  *
3292  * MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG
3293  * MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG
3294  */
3295 
3296 int has_slv_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3297 {
3298 	if (!genuine_intel)
3299 		return 0;
3300 
3301 	switch (model) {
3302 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:
3303 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_MERRIFIELD:
3304 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_MOOREFIELD:
3305 		return 1;
3306 	}
3307 	return 0;
3308 }
3309 
3310 /*
3311  * HSW adds support for additional MSRs:
3312  *
3313  * MSR_PKG_C8_RESIDENCY		0x00000630
3314  * MSR_PKG_C9_RESIDENCY		0x00000631
3315  * MSR_PKG_C10_RESIDENCY	0x00000632
3316  *
3317  * MSR_PKGC8_IRTL		0x00000633
3318  * MSR_PKGC9_IRTL		0x00000634
3319  * MSR_PKGC10_IRTL		0x00000635
3320  *
3321  */
3322 int has_hsw_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3323 {
3324 	if (!genuine_intel)
3325 		return 0;
3326 
3327 	switch (model) {
3328 	case INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT:	/* HSW */
3329 	case INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE:	/* BDW */
3330 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3331 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3332 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3333 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3334 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
3335 		return 1;
3336 	}
3337 	return 0;
3338 }
3339 
3340 /*
3341  * SKL adds support for additional MSRS:
3342  *
3343  * MSR_PKG_WEIGHTED_CORE_C0_RES    0x00000658
3344  * MSR_PKG_ANY_CORE_C0_RES         0x00000659
3345  * MSR_PKG_ANY_GFXE_C0_RES         0x0000065A
3346  * MSR_PKG_BOTH_CORE_GFXE_C0_RES   0x0000065B
3347  */
3348 int has_skl_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3349 {
3350 	if (!genuine_intel)
3351 		return 0;
3352 
3353 	switch (model) {
3354 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3355 	case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3356 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3357 	case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3358 		return 1;
3359 	}
3360 	return 0;
3361 }
3362 
3363 int is_slm(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3364 {
3365 	if (!genuine_intel)
3366 		return 0;
3367 	switch (model) {
3368 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1:	/* BYT */
3369 	case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT2:	/* AVN */
3370 		return 1;
3371 	}
3372 	return 0;
3373 }
3374 
3375 int is_knl(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3376 {
3377 	if (!genuine_intel)
3378 		return 0;
3379 	switch (model) {
3380 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL:	/* KNL */
3381 	case INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM:
3382 		return 1;
3383 	}
3384 	return 0;
3385 }
3386 
3387 unsigned int get_aperf_mperf_multiplier(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3388 {
3389 	if (is_knl(family, model))
3390 		return 1024;
3391 	return 1;
3392 }
3393 
3394 #define SLM_BCLK_FREQS 5
3395 double slm_freq_table[SLM_BCLK_FREQS] = { 83.3, 100.0, 133.3, 116.7, 80.0};
3396 
3397 double slm_bclk(void)
3398 {
3399 	unsigned long long msr = 3;
3400 	unsigned int i;
3401 	double freq;
3402 
3403 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_FSB_FREQ, &msr))
3404 		fprintf(outf, "SLM BCLK: unknown\n");
3405 
3406 	i = msr & 0xf;
3407 	if (i >= SLM_BCLK_FREQS) {
3408 		fprintf(outf, "SLM BCLK[%d] invalid\n", i);
3409 		i = 3;
3410 	}
3411 	freq = slm_freq_table[i];
3412 
3413 	if (debug)
3414 		fprintf(outf, "SLM BCLK: %.1f Mhz\n", freq);
3415 
3416 	return freq;
3417 }
3418 
3419 double discover_bclk(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
3420 {
3421 	if (has_snb_msrs(family, model) || is_knl(family, model))
3422 		return 100.00;
3423 	else if (is_slm(family, model))
3424 		return slm_bclk();
3425 	else
3426 		return 133.33;
3427 }
3428 
3429 /*
3430  * MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET indicates the temperature where
3431  * the Thermal Control Circuit (TCC) activates.
3432  * This is usually equal to tjMax.
3433  *
3434  * Older processors do not have this MSR, so there we guess,
3435  * but also allow cmdline over-ride with -T.
3436  *
3437  * Several MSR temperature values are in units of degrees-C
3438  * below this value, including the Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS),
3439  * Package Thermal Management Sensor (PTM), and thermal event thresholds.
3440  */
3441 int set_temperature_target(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
3442 {
3443 	unsigned long long msr;
3444 	unsigned int target_c_local;
3445 	int cpu;
3446 
3447 	/* tcc_activation_temp is used only for dts or ptm */
3448 	if (!(do_dts || do_ptm))
3449 		return 0;
3450 
3451 	/* this is a per-package concept */
3452 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
3453 		return 0;
3454 
3455 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
3456 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
3457 		fprintf(outf, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
3458 		return -1;
3459 	}
3460 
3461 	if (tcc_activation_temp_override != 0) {
3462 		tcc_activation_temp = tcc_activation_temp_override;
3463 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: Using cmdline TCC Target (%d C)\n",
3464 			cpu, tcc_activation_temp);
3465 		return 0;
3466 	}
3467 
3468 	/* Temperature Target MSR is Nehalem and newer only */
3469 	if (!do_nhm_platform_info)
3470 		goto guess;
3471 
3472 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET, &msr))
3473 		goto guess;
3474 
3475 	target_c_local = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
3476 
3477 	if (debug)
3478 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET: 0x%08llx (%d C)\n",
3479 			cpu, msr, target_c_local);
3480 
3481 	if (!target_c_local)
3482 		goto guess;
3483 
3484 	tcc_activation_temp = target_c_local;
3485 
3486 	return 0;
3487 
3488 guess:
3489 	tcc_activation_temp = TJMAX_DEFAULT;
3490 	fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: Guessing tjMax %d C, Please use -T to specify\n",
3491 		cpu, tcc_activation_temp);
3492 
3493 	return 0;
3494 }
3495 
3496 void decode_feature_control_msr(void)
3497 {
3498 	unsigned long long msr;
3499 
3500 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_FEATURE_CONTROL, &msr))
3501 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_FEATURE_CONTROL: 0x%08llx (%sLocked %s)\n",
3502 			base_cpu, msr,
3503 			msr & FEATURE_CONTROL_LOCKED ? "" : "UN-",
3504 			msr & (1 << 18) ? "SGX" : "");
3505 }
3506 
3507 void decode_misc_enable_msr(void)
3508 {
3509 	unsigned long long msr;
3510 
3511 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE, &msr))
3512 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE: 0x%08llx (%sTCC %sEIST %sMWAIT %sPREFETCH %sTURBO)\n",
3513 			base_cpu, msr,
3514 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_TM1 ? "" : "No-",
3515 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_ENHANCED_SPEEDSTEP ? "" : "No-",
3516 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_MWAIT ? "No-" : "",
3517 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_PREFETCH_DISABLE ? "No-" : "",
3518 			msr & MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE_TURBO_DISABLE ? "No-" : "");
3519 }
3520 
3521 /*
3522  * Decode MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT
3523  *
3524  * Decode the bits according to the Nehalem documentation
3525  * bit[0] seems to continue to have same meaning going forward
3526  * bit[1] less so...
3527  */
3528 void decode_misc_pwr_mgmt_msr(void)
3529 {
3530 	unsigned long long msr;
3531 
3532 	if (!do_nhm_platform_info)
3533 		return;
3534 
3535 	if (no_MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT)
3536 		return;
3537 
3538 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT, &msr))
3539 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT: 0x%08llx (%sable-EIST_Coordination %sable-EPB %sable-OOB)\n",
3540 			base_cpu, msr,
3541 			msr & (1 << 0) ? "DIS" : "EN",
3542 			msr & (1 << 1) ? "EN" : "DIS",
3543 			msr & (1 << 8) ? "EN" : "DIS");
3544 }
3545 /*
3546  * Decode MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG, MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG
3547  *
3548  * This MSRs are present on Silvermont processors,
3549  * Intel Atom processor E3000 series (Baytrail), and friends.
3550  */
3551 void decode_c6_demotion_policy_msr(void)
3552 {
3553 	unsigned long long msr;
3554 
3555 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG, &msr))
3556 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG: 0x%08llx (%sable-CC6-Demotion)\n",
3557 			base_cpu, msr, msr & (1 << 0) ? "EN" : "DIS");
3558 
3559 	if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG, &msr))
3560 		fprintf(outf, "cpu%d: MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG: 0x%08llx (%sable-MC6-Demotion)\n",
3561 			base_cpu, msr, msr & (1 << 0) ? "EN" : "DIS");
3562 }
3563 
3564 void process_cpuid()
3565 {
3566 	unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx, max_level, max_extended_level;
3567 	unsigned int fms, family, model, stepping;
3568 
3569 	eax = ebx = ecx = edx = 0;
3570 
3571 	__cpuid(0, max_level, ebx, ecx, edx);
3572 
3573 	if (ebx == 0x756e6547 && edx == 0x49656e69 && ecx == 0x6c65746e)
3574 		genuine_intel = 1;
3575 
3576 	if (debug)
3577 		fprintf(outf, "CPUID(0): %.4s%.4s%.4s ",
3578 			(char *)&ebx, (char *)&edx, (char *)&ecx);
3579 
3580 	__cpuid(1, fms, ebx, ecx, edx);
3581 	family = (fms >> 8) & 0xf;
3582 	model = (fms >> 4) & 0xf;
3583 	stepping = fms & 0xf;
3584 	if (family == 6 || family == 0xf)
3585 		model += ((fms >> 16) & 0xf) << 4;
3586 
3587 	if (debug) {
3588 		fprintf(outf, "%d CPUID levels; family:model:stepping 0x%x:%x:%x (%d:%d:%d)\n",
3589 			max_level, family, model, stepping, family, model, stepping);
3590 		fprintf(outf, "CPUID(1): %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s\n",
3591 			ecx & (1 << 0) ? "SSE3" : "-",
3592 			ecx & (1 << 3) ? "MONITOR" : "-",
3593 			ecx & (1 << 6) ? "SMX" : "-",
3594 			ecx & (1 << 7) ? "EIST" : "-",
3595 			ecx & (1 << 8) ? "TM2" : "-",
3596 			edx & (1 << 4) ? "TSC" : "-",
3597 			edx & (1 << 5) ? "MSR" : "-",
3598 			edx & (1 << 22) ? "ACPI-TM" : "-",
3599 			edx & (1 << 29) ? "TM" : "-");
3600 	}
3601 
3602 	if (!(edx & (1 << 5)))
3603 		errx(1, "CPUID: no MSR");
3604 
3605 	/*
3606 	 * check max extended function levels of CPUID.
3607 	 * This is needed to check for invariant TSC.
3608 	 * This check is valid for both Intel and AMD.
3609 	 */
3610 	ebx = ecx = edx = 0;
3611 	__cpuid(0x80000000, max_extended_level, ebx, ecx, edx);
3612 
3613 	if (max_extended_level >= 0x80000007) {
3614 
3615 		/*
3616 		 * Non-Stop TSC is advertised by CPUID.EAX=0x80000007: EDX.bit8
3617 		 * this check is valid for both Intel and AMD
3618 		 */
3619 		__cpuid(0x80000007, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
3620 		has_invariant_tsc = edx & (1 << 8);
3621 	}
3622 
3623 	/*
3624 	 * APERF/MPERF is advertised by CPUID.EAX=0x6: ECX.bit0
3625 	 * this check is valid for both Intel and AMD
3626 	 */
3627 
3628 	__cpuid(0x6, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
3629 	has_aperf = ecx & (1 << 0);
3630 	if (has_aperf) {
3631 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Avg_MHz);
3632 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Busy);
3633 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Bzy_MHz);
3634 	}
3635 	do_dts = eax & (1 << 0);
3636 	if (do_dts)
3637 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CoreTmp);
3638 	do_ptm = eax & (1 << 6);
3639 	if (do_ptm)
3640 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_PkgTmp);
3641 	has_hwp = eax & (1 << 7);
3642 	has_hwp_notify = eax & (1 << 8);
3643 	has_hwp_activity_window = eax & (1 << 9);
3644 	has_hwp_epp = eax & (1 << 10);
3645 	has_hwp_pkg = eax & (1 << 11);
3646 	has_epb = ecx & (1 << 3);
3647 
3648 	if (debug)
3649 		fprintf(outf, "CPUID(6): %sAPERF, %sDTS, %sPTM, %sHWP, "
3650 			"%sHWPnotify, %sHWPwindow, %sHWPepp, %sHWPpkg, %sEPB\n",
3651 			has_aperf ? "" : "No-",
3652 			do_dts ? "" : "No-",
3653 			do_ptm ? "" : "No-",
3654 			has_hwp ? "" : "No-",
3655 			has_hwp_notify ? "" : "No-",
3656 			has_hwp_activity_window ? "" : "No-",
3657 			has_hwp_epp ? "" : "No-",
3658 			has_hwp_pkg ? "" : "No-",
3659 			has_epb ? "" : "No-");
3660 
3661 	if (debug)
3662 		decode_misc_enable_msr();
3663 
3664 	if (max_level >= 0x7 && debug) {
3665 		int has_sgx;
3666 
3667 		ecx = 0;
3668 
3669 		__cpuid_count(0x7, 0, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
3670 
3671 		has_sgx = ebx & (1 << 2);
3672 		fprintf(outf, "CPUID(7): %sSGX\n", has_sgx ? "" : "No-");
3673 
3674 		if (has_sgx)
3675 			decode_feature_control_msr();
3676 	}
3677 
3678 	if (max_level >= 0x15) {
3679 		unsigned int eax_crystal;
3680 		unsigned int ebx_tsc;
3681 
3682 		/*
3683 		 * CPUID 15H TSC/Crystal ratio, possibly Crystal Hz
3684 		 */
3685 		eax_crystal = ebx_tsc = crystal_hz = edx = 0;
3686 		__cpuid(0x15, eax_crystal, ebx_tsc, crystal_hz, edx);
3687 
3688 		if (ebx_tsc != 0) {
3689 
3690 			if (debug && (ebx != 0))
3691 				fprintf(outf, "CPUID(0x15): eax_crystal: %d ebx_tsc: %d ecx_crystal_hz: %d\n",
3692 					eax_crystal, ebx_tsc, crystal_hz);
3693 
3694 			if (crystal_hz == 0)
3695 				switch(model) {
3696 				case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* SKL */
3697 				case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* SKL */
3698 				case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE:	/* KBL */
3699 				case INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP:	/* KBL */
3700 					crystal_hz = 24000000;	/* 24.0 MHz */
3701 					break;
3702 				case INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X:	/* SKX */
3703 				case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON:	/* DNV */
3704 					crystal_hz = 25000000;	/* 25.0 MHz */
3705 					break;
3706 				case INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT:	/* BXT */
3707 					crystal_hz = 19200000;	/* 19.2 MHz */
3708 					break;
3709 				default:
3710 					crystal_hz = 0;
3711 			}
3712 
3713 			if (crystal_hz) {
3714 				tsc_hz =  (unsigned long long) crystal_hz * ebx_tsc / eax_crystal;
3715 				if (debug)
3716 					fprintf(outf, "TSC: %lld MHz (%d Hz * %d / %d / 1000000)\n",
3717 						tsc_hz / 1000000, crystal_hz, ebx_tsc,  eax_crystal);
3718 			}
3719 		}
3720 	}
3721 	if (max_level >= 0x16) {
3722 		unsigned int base_mhz, max_mhz, bus_mhz, edx;
3723 
3724 		/*
3725 		 * CPUID 16H Base MHz, Max MHz, Bus MHz
3726 		 */
3727 		base_mhz = max_mhz = bus_mhz = edx = 0;
3728 
3729 		__cpuid(0x16, base_mhz, max_mhz, bus_mhz, edx);
3730 		if (debug)
3731 			fprintf(outf, "CPUID(0x16): base_mhz: %d max_mhz: %d bus_mhz: %d\n",
3732 				base_mhz, max_mhz, bus_mhz);
3733 	}
3734 
3735 	if (has_aperf)
3736 		aperf_mperf_multiplier = get_aperf_mperf_multiplier(family, model);
3737 
3738 	BIC_PRESENT(BIC_IRQ);
3739 	BIC_PRESENT(BIC_TSC_MHz);
3740 
3741 	if (probe_nhm_msrs(family, model)) {
3742 		do_nhm_platform_info = 1;
3743 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU_c1);
3744 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU_c3);
3745 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU_c6);
3746 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_SMI);
3747 	}
3748 	do_snb_cstates = has_snb_msrs(family, model);
3749 
3750 	if (do_snb_cstates)
3751 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU_c7);
3752 
3753 	do_irtl_snb = has_snb_msrs(family, model);
3754 	do_pc2 = do_snb_cstates && (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__2);
3755 	do_pc3 = (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__3);
3756 	do_pc6 = (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__6);
3757 	do_pc7 = do_snb_cstates && (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__7);
3758 	if (has_slv_msrs(family, model)) {
3759 		do_pc2 = do_pc3 = do_pc7 = 0;
3760 		do_pc6 = 1;
3761 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Mod_c6);
3762 		use_c1_residency_msr = 1;
3763 	}
3764 	do_c8_c9_c10 = has_hsw_msrs(family, model);
3765 	do_irtl_hsw = has_hsw_msrs(family, model);
3766 	do_skl_residency = has_skl_msrs(family, model);
3767 	do_slm_cstates = is_slm(family, model);
3768 	do_knl_cstates  = is_knl(family, model);
3769 
3770 	if (debug)
3771 		decode_misc_pwr_mgmt_msr();
3772 
3773 	if (debug && has_slv_msrs(family, model))
3774 		decode_c6_demotion_policy_msr();
3775 
3776 	rapl_probe(family, model);
3777 	perf_limit_reasons_probe(family, model);
3778 
3779 	if (debug)
3780 		dump_cstate_pstate_config_info(family, model);
3781 
3782 	if (has_skl_msrs(family, model))
3783 		calculate_tsc_tweak();
3784 
3785 	if (!access("/sys/class/drm/card0/power/rc6_residency_ms", R_OK))
3786 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_GFX_rc6);
3787 
3788 	if (!access("/sys/class/graphics/fb0/device/drm/card0/gt_cur_freq_mhz", R_OK))
3789 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_GFXMHz);
3790 
3791 	return;
3792 }
3793 
3794 void help()
3795 {
3796 	fprintf(outf,
3797 	"Usage: turbostat [OPTIONS][(--interval seconds) | COMMAND ...]\n"
3798 	"\n"
3799 	"Turbostat forks the specified COMMAND and prints statistics\n"
3800 	"when COMMAND completes.\n"
3801 	"If no COMMAND is specified, turbostat wakes every 5-seconds\n"
3802 	"to print statistics, until interrupted.\n"
3803 	"--add		add a counter\n"
3804 	"		eg. --add msr0x10,u64,cpu,delta,MY_TSC\n"
3805 	"--debug	run in \"debug\" mode\n"
3806 	"--interval sec	Override default 5-second measurement interval\n"
3807 	"--help		print this help message\n"
3808 	"--out file	create or truncate \"file\" for all output\n"
3809 	"--version	print version information\n"
3810 	"\n"
3811 	"For more help, run \"man turbostat\"\n");
3812 }
3813 
3814 
3815 /*
3816  * in /dev/cpu/ return success for names that are numbers
3817  * ie. filter out ".", "..", "microcode".
3818  */
3819 int dir_filter(const struct dirent *dirp)
3820 {
3821 	if (isdigit(dirp->d_name[0]))
3822 		return 1;
3823 	else
3824 		return 0;
3825 }
3826 
3827 int open_dev_cpu_msr(int dummy1)
3828 {
3829 	return 0;
3830 }
3831 
3832 void topology_probe()
3833 {
3834 	int i;
3835 	int max_core_id = 0;
3836 	int max_package_id = 0;
3837 	int max_siblings = 0;
3838 	struct cpu_topology {
3839 		int core_id;
3840 		int physical_package_id;
3841 	} *cpus;
3842 
3843 	/* Initialize num_cpus, max_cpu_num */
3844 	topo.num_cpus = 0;
3845 	topo.max_cpu_num = 0;
3846 	for_all_proc_cpus(count_cpus);
3847 	if (!summary_only && topo.num_cpus > 1)
3848 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_CPU);
3849 
3850 	if (debug > 1)
3851 		fprintf(outf, "num_cpus %d max_cpu_num %d\n", topo.num_cpus, topo.max_cpu_num);
3852 
3853 	cpus = calloc(1, (topo.max_cpu_num  + 1) * sizeof(struct cpu_topology));
3854 	if (cpus == NULL)
3855 		err(1, "calloc cpus");
3856 
3857 	/*
3858 	 * Allocate and initialize cpu_present_set
3859 	 */
3860 	cpu_present_set = CPU_ALLOC((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
3861 	if (cpu_present_set == NULL)
3862 		err(3, "CPU_ALLOC");
3863 	cpu_present_setsize = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
3864 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
3865 	for_all_proc_cpus(mark_cpu_present);
3866 
3867 	/*
3868 	 * Allocate and initialize cpu_affinity_set
3869 	 */
3870 	cpu_affinity_set = CPU_ALLOC((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
3871 	if (cpu_affinity_set == NULL)
3872 		err(3, "CPU_ALLOC");
3873 	cpu_affinity_setsize = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
3874 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
3875 
3876 
3877 	/*
3878 	 * For online cpus
3879 	 * find max_core_id, max_package_id
3880 	 */
3881 	for (i = 0; i <= topo.max_cpu_num; ++i) {
3882 		int siblings;
3883 
3884 		if (cpu_is_not_present(i)) {
3885 			if (debug > 1)
3886 				fprintf(outf, "cpu%d NOT PRESENT\n", i);
3887 			continue;
3888 		}
3889 		cpus[i].core_id = get_core_id(i);
3890 		if (cpus[i].core_id > max_core_id)
3891 			max_core_id = cpus[i].core_id;
3892 
3893 		cpus[i].physical_package_id = get_physical_package_id(i);
3894 		if (cpus[i].physical_package_id > max_package_id)
3895 			max_package_id = cpus[i].physical_package_id;
3896 
3897 		siblings = get_num_ht_siblings(i);
3898 		if (siblings > max_siblings)
3899 			max_siblings = siblings;
3900 		if (debug > 1)
3901 			fprintf(outf, "cpu %d pkg %d core %d\n",
3902 				i, cpus[i].physical_package_id, cpus[i].core_id);
3903 	}
3904 	topo.num_cores_per_pkg = max_core_id + 1;
3905 	if (debug > 1)
3906 		fprintf(outf, "max_core_id %d, sizing for %d cores per package\n",
3907 			max_core_id, topo.num_cores_per_pkg);
3908 	if (debug && !summary_only && topo.num_cores_per_pkg > 1)
3909 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Core);
3910 
3911 	topo.num_packages = max_package_id + 1;
3912 	if (debug > 1)
3913 		fprintf(outf, "max_package_id %d, sizing for %d packages\n",
3914 			max_package_id, topo.num_packages);
3915 	if (debug && !summary_only && topo.num_packages > 1)
3916 		BIC_PRESENT(BIC_Package);
3917 
3918 	topo.num_threads_per_core = max_siblings;
3919 	if (debug > 1)
3920 		fprintf(outf, "max_siblings %d\n", max_siblings);
3921 
3922 	free(cpus);
3923 }
3924 
3925 void
3926 allocate_counters(struct thread_data **t, struct core_data **c, struct pkg_data **p)
3927 {
3928 	int i;
3929 
3930 	*t = calloc(topo.num_threads_per_core * topo.num_cores_per_pkg *
3931 		topo.num_packages, sizeof(struct thread_data));
3932 	if (*t == NULL)
3933 		goto error;
3934 
3935 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_threads_per_core *
3936 		topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages; i++)
3937 		(*t)[i].cpu_id = -1;
3938 
3939 	*c = calloc(topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages,
3940 		sizeof(struct core_data));
3941 	if (*c == NULL)
3942 		goto error;
3943 
3944 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages; i++)
3945 		(*c)[i].core_id = -1;
3946 
3947 	*p = calloc(topo.num_packages, sizeof(struct pkg_data));
3948 	if (*p == NULL)
3949 		goto error;
3950 
3951 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_packages; i++)
3952 		(*p)[i].package_id = i;
3953 
3954 	return;
3955 error:
3956 	err(1, "calloc counters");
3957 }
3958 /*
3959  * init_counter()
3960  *
3961  * set cpu_id, core_num, pkg_num
3962  * set FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE and FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE
3963  *
3964  * increment topo.num_cores when 1st core in pkg seen
3965  */
3966 void init_counter(struct thread_data *thread_base, struct core_data *core_base,
3967 	struct pkg_data *pkg_base, int thread_num, int core_num,
3968 	int pkg_num, int cpu_id)
3969 {
3970 	struct thread_data *t;
3971 	struct core_data *c;
3972 	struct pkg_data *p;
3973 
3974 	t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_num, core_num, pkg_num);
3975 	c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_num, pkg_num);
3976 	p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_num);
3977 
3978 	t->cpu_id = cpu_id;
3979 	if (thread_num == 0) {
3980 		t->flags |= CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE;
3981 		if (cpu_is_first_core_in_package(cpu_id))
3982 			t->flags |= CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE;
3983 	}
3984 
3985 	c->core_id = core_num;
3986 	p->package_id = pkg_num;
3987 }
3988 
3989 
3990 int initialize_counters(int cpu_id)
3991 {
3992 	int my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id;
3993 
3994 	my_package_id = get_physical_package_id(cpu_id);
3995 	my_core_id = get_core_id(cpu_id);
3996 	my_thread_id = get_cpu_position_in_core(cpu_id);
3997 	if (!my_thread_id)
3998 		topo.num_cores++;
3999 
4000 	init_counter(EVEN_COUNTERS, my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id, cpu_id);
4001 	init_counter(ODD_COUNTERS, my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id, cpu_id);
4002 	return 0;
4003 }
4004 
4005 void allocate_output_buffer()
4006 {
4007 	output_buffer = calloc(1, (1 + topo.num_cpus) * 1024);
4008 	outp = output_buffer;
4009 	if (outp == NULL)
4010 		err(-1, "calloc output buffer");
4011 }
4012 void allocate_fd_percpu(void)
4013 {
4014 	fd_percpu = calloc(topo.max_cpu_num + 1, sizeof(int));
4015 	if (fd_percpu == NULL)
4016 		err(-1, "calloc fd_percpu");
4017 }
4018 void allocate_irq_buffers(void)
4019 {
4020 	irq_column_2_cpu = calloc(topo.num_cpus, sizeof(int));
4021 	if (irq_column_2_cpu == NULL)
4022 		err(-1, "calloc %d", topo.num_cpus);
4023 
4024 	irqs_per_cpu = calloc(topo.max_cpu_num + 1, sizeof(int));
4025 	if (irqs_per_cpu == NULL)
4026 		err(-1, "calloc %d", topo.max_cpu_num + 1);
4027 }
4028 void setup_all_buffers(void)
4029 {
4030 	topology_probe();
4031 	allocate_irq_buffers();
4032 	allocate_fd_percpu();
4033 	allocate_counters(&thread_even, &core_even, &package_even);
4034 	allocate_counters(&thread_odd, &core_odd, &package_odd);
4035 	allocate_output_buffer();
4036 	for_all_proc_cpus(initialize_counters);
4037 }
4038 
4039 void set_base_cpu(void)
4040 {
4041 	base_cpu = sched_getcpu();
4042 	if (base_cpu < 0)
4043 		err(-ENODEV, "No valid cpus found");
4044 
4045 	if (debug > 1)
4046 		fprintf(outf, "base_cpu = %d\n", base_cpu);
4047 }
4048 
4049 void turbostat_init()
4050 {
4051 	setup_all_buffers();
4052 	set_base_cpu();
4053 	check_dev_msr();
4054 	check_permissions();
4055 	process_cpuid();
4056 
4057 
4058 	if (debug)
4059 		for_all_cpus(print_hwp, ODD_COUNTERS);
4060 
4061 	if (debug)
4062 		for_all_cpus(print_epb, ODD_COUNTERS);
4063 
4064 	if (debug)
4065 		for_all_cpus(print_perf_limit, ODD_COUNTERS);
4066 
4067 	if (debug)
4068 		for_all_cpus(print_rapl, ODD_COUNTERS);
4069 
4070 	for_all_cpus(set_temperature_target, ODD_COUNTERS);
4071 
4072 	if (debug)
4073 		for_all_cpus(print_thermal, ODD_COUNTERS);
4074 
4075 	if (debug && do_irtl_snb)
4076 		print_irtl();
4077 }
4078 
4079 int fork_it(char **argv)
4080 {
4081 	pid_t child_pid;
4082 	int status;
4083 
4084 	status = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
4085 	if (status)
4086 		exit(status);
4087 	/* clear affinity side-effect of get_counters() */
4088 	sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
4089 	gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
4090 
4091 	child_pid = fork();
4092 	if (!child_pid) {
4093 		/* child */
4094 		execvp(argv[0], argv);
4095 	} else {
4096 
4097 		/* parent */
4098 		if (child_pid == -1)
4099 			err(1, "fork");
4100 
4101 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
4102 		signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
4103 		if (waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0) == -1)
4104 			err(status, "waitpid");
4105 	}
4106 	/*
4107 	 * n.b. fork_it() does not check for errors from for_all_cpus()
4108 	 * because re-starting is problematic when forking
4109 	 */
4110 	for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
4111 	gettimeofday(&tv_odd, (struct timezone *)NULL);
4112 	timersub(&tv_odd, &tv_even, &tv_delta);
4113 	if (for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, ODD_COUNTERS, EVEN_COUNTERS))
4114 		fprintf(outf, "%s: Counter reset detected\n", progname);
4115 	else {
4116 		compute_average(EVEN_COUNTERS);
4117 		format_all_counters(EVEN_COUNTERS);
4118 	}
4119 
4120 	fprintf(outf, "%.6f sec\n", tv_delta.tv_sec + tv_delta.tv_usec/1000000.0);
4121 
4122 	flush_output_stderr();
4123 
4124 	return status;
4125 }
4126 
4127 int get_and_dump_counters(void)
4128 {
4129 	int status;
4130 
4131 	status = for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
4132 	if (status)
4133 		return status;
4134 
4135 	status = for_all_cpus(dump_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
4136 	if (status)
4137 		return status;
4138 
4139 	flush_output_stdout();
4140 
4141 	return status;
4142 }
4143 
4144 void print_version() {
4145 	fprintf(outf, "turbostat version 4.17 10 Jan 2017"
4146 		" - Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>\n");
4147 }
4148 
4149 int add_counter(unsigned int msr_num, char *name, unsigned int width,
4150 	enum counter_scope scope, enum counter_type type,
4151 	enum counter_format format)
4152 {
4153 	struct msr_counter *msrp;
4154 
4155 	msrp = calloc(1, sizeof(struct msr_counter));
4156 	if (msrp == NULL) {
4157 		perror("calloc");
4158 		exit(1);
4159 	}
4160 
4161 	msrp->msr_num = msr_num;
4162 	strncpy(msrp->name, name, NAME_BYTES);
4163 	msrp->width = width;
4164 	msrp->type = type;
4165 	msrp->format = format;
4166 
4167 	switch (scope) {
4168 
4169 	case SCOPE_CPU:
4170 		msrp->next = sys.tp;
4171 		sys.tp = msrp;
4172 		sys.added_thread_counters++;
4173 		if (sys.added_thread_counters > MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS) {
4174 			fprintf(stderr, "exceeded max %d added thread counters\n",
4175 				MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS);
4176 			exit(-1);
4177 		}
4178 		break;
4179 
4180 	case SCOPE_CORE:
4181 		msrp->next = sys.cp;
4182 		sys.cp = msrp;
4183 		sys.added_core_counters++;
4184 		if (sys.added_core_counters > MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS) {
4185 			fprintf(stderr, "exceeded max %d added core counters\n",
4186 				MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS);
4187 			exit(-1);
4188 		}
4189 		break;
4190 
4191 	case SCOPE_PACKAGE:
4192 		msrp->next = sys.pp;
4193 		sys.pp = msrp;
4194 		sys.added_package_counters++;
4195 		if (sys.added_package_counters > MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS) {
4196 			fprintf(stderr, "exceeded max %d added package counters\n",
4197 				MAX_ADDED_COUNTERS);
4198 			exit(-1);
4199 		}
4200 		break;
4201 	}
4202 
4203 	return 0;
4204 }
4205 
4206 void parse_add_command(char *add_command)
4207 {
4208 	int msr_num = 0;
4209 	char name_buffer[NAME_BYTES];
4210 	int width = 64;
4211 	int fail = 0;
4212 	enum counter_scope scope = SCOPE_CPU;
4213 	enum counter_type type = COUNTER_CYCLES;
4214 	enum counter_format format = FORMAT_DELTA;
4215 
4216 	while (add_command) {
4217 
4218 		if (sscanf(add_command, "msr0x%x", &msr_num) == 1)
4219 			goto next;
4220 
4221 		if (sscanf(add_command, "msr%d", &msr_num) == 1)
4222 			goto next;
4223 
4224 		if (sscanf(add_command, "u%d", &width) == 1) {
4225 			if ((width == 32) || (width == 64))
4226 				goto next;
4227 			width = 64;
4228 		}
4229 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "cpu", strlen("cpu"))) {
4230 			scope = SCOPE_CPU;
4231 			goto next;
4232 		}
4233 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "core", strlen("core"))) {
4234 			scope = SCOPE_CORE;
4235 			goto next;
4236 		}
4237 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "package", strlen("package"))) {
4238 			scope = SCOPE_PACKAGE;
4239 			goto next;
4240 		}
4241 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "cycles", strlen("cycles"))) {
4242 			type = COUNTER_CYCLES;
4243 			goto next;
4244 		}
4245 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "seconds", strlen("seconds"))) {
4246 			type = COUNTER_SECONDS;
4247 			goto next;
4248 		}
4249 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "raw", strlen("raw"))) {
4250 			format = FORMAT_RAW;
4251 			goto next;
4252 		}
4253 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "delta", strlen("delta"))) {
4254 			format = FORMAT_DELTA;
4255 			goto next;
4256 		}
4257 		if (!strncmp(add_command, "percent", strlen("percent"))) {
4258 			format = FORMAT_PERCENT;
4259 			goto next;
4260 		}
4261 
4262 		if (sscanf(add_command, "%18s,%*s", name_buffer) == 1) {	/* 18 < NAME_BYTES */
4263 			char *eos;
4264 
4265 			eos = strchr(name_buffer, ',');
4266 			if (eos)
4267 				*eos = '\0';
4268 			goto next;
4269 		}
4270 
4271 next:
4272 		add_command = strchr(add_command, ',');
4273 		if (add_command)
4274 			add_command++;
4275 
4276 	}
4277 	if (msr_num == 0) {
4278 		fprintf(stderr, "--add: (msrDDD | msr0xXXX) required\n");
4279 		fail++;
4280 	}
4281 
4282 	/* generate default column header */
4283 	if (*name_buffer == '\0') {
4284 		if (format == FORMAT_RAW) {
4285 			if (width == 32)
4286 				sprintf(name_buffer, "msr%d", msr_num);
4287 			else
4288 				sprintf(name_buffer, "MSR%d", msr_num);
4289 		} else if (format == FORMAT_DELTA) {
4290 			if (width == 32)
4291 				sprintf(name_buffer, "cnt%d", msr_num);
4292 			else
4293 				sprintf(name_buffer, "CNT%d", msr_num);
4294 		} else if (format == FORMAT_PERCENT) {
4295 			if (width == 32)
4296 				sprintf(name_buffer, "msr%d%%", msr_num);
4297 			else
4298 				sprintf(name_buffer, "MSR%d%%", msr_num);
4299 		}
4300 	}
4301 
4302 	if (add_counter(msr_num, name_buffer, width, scope, type, format))
4303 		fail++;
4304 
4305 	if (fail) {
4306 		help();
4307 		exit(1);
4308 	}
4309 }
4310 /*
4311  * HIDE_LIST - hide this list of counters, show the rest [default]
4312  * SHOW_LIST - show this list of counters, hide the rest
4313  */
4314 enum show_hide_mode { SHOW_LIST, HIDE_LIST } global_show_hide_mode = HIDE_LIST;
4315 
4316 int shown;
4317 /*
4318  * parse_show_hide() - process cmdline to set default counter action
4319  */
4320 void parse_show_hide(char *optarg, enum show_hide_mode new_mode)
4321 {
4322 	/*
4323 	 * --show: show only those specified
4324 	 *  The 1st invocation will clear and replace the enabled mask
4325 	 *  subsequent invocations can add to it.
4326 	 */
4327 	if (new_mode == SHOW_LIST) {
4328 		if (shown == 0)
4329 			bic_enabled = bic_lookup(optarg);
4330 		else
4331 			bic_enabled |= bic_lookup(optarg);
4332 		shown = 1;
4333 
4334 		return;
4335 	}
4336 
4337 	/*
4338 	 * --hide: do not show those specified
4339 	 *  multiple invocations simply clear more bits in enabled mask
4340 	 */
4341 	bic_enabled &= ~bic_lookup(optarg);
4342 }
4343 
4344 void cmdline(int argc, char **argv)
4345 {
4346 	int opt;
4347 	int option_index = 0;
4348 	static struct option long_options[] = {
4349 		{"add",		required_argument,	0, 'a'},
4350 		{"Dump",	no_argument,		0, 'D'},
4351 		{"debug",	no_argument,		0, 'd'},
4352 		{"interval",	required_argument,	0, 'i'},
4353 		{"help",	no_argument,		0, 'h'},
4354 		{"hide",	required_argument,	0, 'H'},	// meh, -h taken by --help
4355 		{"Joules",	no_argument,		0, 'J'},
4356 		{"out",		required_argument,	0, 'o'},
4357 		{"Package",	no_argument,		0, 'p'},
4358 		{"processor",	no_argument,		0, 'p'},
4359 		{"show",	required_argument,	0, 's'},
4360 		{"Summary",	no_argument,		0, 'S'},
4361 		{"TCC",		required_argument,	0, 'T'},
4362 		{"version",	no_argument,		0, 'v' },
4363 		{0,		0,			0,  0 }
4364 	};
4365 
4366 	progname = argv[0];
4367 
4368 	while ((opt = getopt_long_only(argc, argv, "+C:c:Ddhi:JM:m:o:PpST:v",
4369 				long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
4370 		switch (opt) {
4371 		case 'a':
4372 			parse_add_command(optarg);
4373 			break;
4374 		case 'D':
4375 			dump_only++;
4376 			break;
4377 		case 'd':
4378 			debug++;
4379 			break;
4380 		case 'H':
4381 			parse_show_hide(optarg, HIDE_LIST);
4382 			break;
4383 		case 'h':
4384 		default:
4385 			help();
4386 			exit(1);
4387 		case 'i':
4388 			{
4389 				double interval = strtod(optarg, NULL);
4390 
4391 				if (interval < 0.001) {
4392 					fprintf(outf, "interval %f seconds is too small\n",
4393 						interval);
4394 					exit(2);
4395 				}
4396 
4397 				interval_ts.tv_sec = interval;
4398 				interval_ts.tv_nsec = (interval - interval_ts.tv_sec) * 1000000000;
4399 			}
4400 			break;
4401 		case 'J':
4402 			rapl_joules++;
4403 			break;
4404 		case 'o':
4405 			outf = fopen_or_die(optarg, "w");
4406 			break;
4407 		case 'P':
4408 			show_pkg_only++;
4409 			break;
4410 		case 'p':
4411 			show_core_only++;
4412 			break;
4413 		case 's':
4414 			parse_show_hide(optarg, SHOW_LIST);
4415 			break;
4416 		case 'S':
4417 			summary_only++;
4418 			break;
4419 		case 'T':
4420 			tcc_activation_temp_override = atoi(optarg);
4421 			break;
4422 		case 'v':
4423 			print_version();
4424 			exit(0);
4425 			break;
4426 		}
4427 	}
4428 }
4429 
4430 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4431 {
4432 	outf = stderr;
4433 
4434 	cmdline(argc, argv);
4435 
4436 	if (debug)
4437 		print_version();
4438 
4439 	turbostat_init();
4440 
4441 	/* dump counters and exit */
4442 	if (dump_only)
4443 		return get_and_dump_counters();
4444 
4445 	/*
4446 	 * if any params left, it must be a command to fork
4447 	 */
4448 	if (argc - optind)
4449 		return fork_it(argv + optind);
4450 	else
4451 		turbostat_loop();
4452 
4453 	return 0;
4454 }
4455