1 /*
2  * turbostat -- show CPU frequency and C-state residency
3  * on modern Intel turbo-capable processors.
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 2013 Intel Corporation.
6  * Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
7  *
8  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9  * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
10  * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
11  *
12  * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
13  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
14  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
15  * more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
18  * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
19  * 51 Franklin St - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20  */
21 
22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
23 #include MSRHEADER
24 #include <stdarg.h>
25 #include <stdio.h>
26 #include <err.h>
27 #include <unistd.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
29 #include <sys/wait.h>
30 #include <sys/stat.h>
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <fcntl.h>
33 #include <signal.h>
34 #include <sys/time.h>
35 #include <stdlib.h>
36 #include <getopt.h>
37 #include <dirent.h>
38 #include <string.h>
39 #include <ctype.h>
40 #include <sched.h>
41 #include <cpuid.h>
42 #include <linux/capability.h>
43 #include <errno.h>
44 
45 char *proc_stat = "/proc/stat";
46 unsigned int interval_sec = 5;
47 unsigned int debug;
48 unsigned int rapl_joules;
49 unsigned int summary_only;
50 unsigned int dump_only;
51 unsigned int skip_c0;
52 unsigned int skip_c1;
53 unsigned int do_nhm_cstates;
54 unsigned int do_snb_cstates;
55 unsigned int do_knl_cstates;
56 unsigned int do_pc2;
57 unsigned int do_pc3;
58 unsigned int do_pc6;
59 unsigned int do_pc7;
60 unsigned int do_c8_c9_c10;
61 unsigned int do_skl_residency;
62 unsigned int do_slm_cstates;
63 unsigned int use_c1_residency_msr;
64 unsigned int has_aperf;
65 unsigned int has_epb;
66 unsigned int units = 1000000;	/* MHz etc */
67 unsigned int genuine_intel;
68 unsigned int has_invariant_tsc;
69 unsigned int do_nhm_platform_info;
70 unsigned int extra_msr_offset32;
71 unsigned int extra_msr_offset64;
72 unsigned int extra_delta_offset32;
73 unsigned int extra_delta_offset64;
74 unsigned int aperf_mperf_multiplier = 1;
75 int do_smi;
76 double bclk;
77 double base_hz;
78 unsigned int has_base_hz;
79 double tsc_tweak = 1.0;
80 unsigned int show_pkg;
81 unsigned int show_core;
82 unsigned int show_cpu;
83 unsigned int show_pkg_only;
84 unsigned int show_core_only;
85 char *output_buffer, *outp;
86 unsigned int do_rapl;
87 unsigned int do_dts;
88 unsigned int do_ptm;
89 unsigned int tcc_activation_temp;
90 unsigned int tcc_activation_temp_override;
91 double rapl_power_units, rapl_time_units;
92 double rapl_dram_energy_units, rapl_energy_units;
93 double rapl_joule_counter_range;
94 unsigned int do_core_perf_limit_reasons;
95 unsigned int do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons;
96 unsigned int do_ring_perf_limit_reasons;
97 unsigned int crystal_hz;
98 unsigned long long tsc_hz;
99 int base_cpu;
100 double discover_bclk(unsigned int family, unsigned int model);
101 
102 #define RAPL_PKG		(1 << 0)
103 					/* 0x610 MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT */
104 					/* 0x611 MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS */
105 #define RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS	(1 << 1)
106 					/* 0x613 MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS */
107 #define RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO	(1 << 2)
108 					/* 0x614 MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO */
109 
110 #define RAPL_DRAM		(1 << 3)
111 					/* 0x618 MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT */
112 					/* 0x619 MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS */
113 #define RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS	(1 << 4)
114 					/* 0x61b MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS */
115 #define RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO	(1 << 5)
116 					/* 0x61c MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO */
117 
118 #define RAPL_CORES		(1 << 6)
119 					/* 0x638 MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT */
120 					/* 0x639 MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS */
121 #define RAPL_CORE_POLICY	(1 << 7)
122 					/* 0x63a MSR_PP0_POLICY */
123 
124 #define RAPL_GFX		(1 << 8)
125 					/* 0x640 MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT */
126 					/* 0x641 MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS */
127 					/* 0x642 MSR_PP1_POLICY */
128 #define	TJMAX_DEFAULT	100
129 
130 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
131 
132 int aperf_mperf_unstable;
133 int backwards_count;
134 char *progname;
135 
136 cpu_set_t *cpu_present_set, *cpu_affinity_set;
137 size_t cpu_present_setsize, cpu_affinity_setsize;
138 
139 struct thread_data {
140 	unsigned long long tsc;
141 	unsigned long long aperf;
142 	unsigned long long mperf;
143 	unsigned long long c1;
144 	unsigned long long extra_msr64;
145 	unsigned long long extra_delta64;
146 	unsigned long long extra_msr32;
147 	unsigned long long extra_delta32;
148 	unsigned int smi_count;
149 	unsigned int cpu_id;
150 	unsigned int flags;
151 #define CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE	0x2
152 #define CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE	0x4
153 } *thread_even, *thread_odd;
154 
155 struct core_data {
156 	unsigned long long c3;
157 	unsigned long long c6;
158 	unsigned long long c7;
159 	unsigned int core_temp_c;
160 	unsigned int core_id;
161 } *core_even, *core_odd;
162 
163 struct pkg_data {
164 	unsigned long long pc2;
165 	unsigned long long pc3;
166 	unsigned long long pc6;
167 	unsigned long long pc7;
168 	unsigned long long pc8;
169 	unsigned long long pc9;
170 	unsigned long long pc10;
171 	unsigned long long pkg_wtd_core_c0;
172 	unsigned long long pkg_any_core_c0;
173 	unsigned long long pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
174 	unsigned long long pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
175 	unsigned int package_id;
176 	unsigned int energy_pkg;	/* MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS */
177 	unsigned int energy_dram;	/* MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS */
178 	unsigned int energy_cores;	/* MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS */
179 	unsigned int energy_gfx;	/* MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS */
180 	unsigned int rapl_pkg_perf_status;	/* MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS */
181 	unsigned int rapl_dram_perf_status;	/* MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS */
182 	unsigned int pkg_temp_c;
183 
184 } *package_even, *package_odd;
185 
186 #define ODD_COUNTERS thread_odd, core_odd, package_odd
187 #define EVEN_COUNTERS thread_even, core_even, package_even
188 
189 #define GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no) \
190 	(thread_base + (pkg_no) * topo.num_cores_per_pkg * \
191 		topo.num_threads_per_core + \
192 		(core_no) * topo.num_threads_per_core + (thread_no))
193 #define GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no) \
194 	(core_base + (pkg_no) * topo.num_cores_per_pkg + (core_no))
195 #define GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no) (pkg_base + pkg_no)
196 
197 struct system_summary {
198 	struct thread_data threads;
199 	struct core_data cores;
200 	struct pkg_data packages;
201 } sum, average;
202 
203 
204 struct topo_params {
205 	int num_packages;
206 	int num_cpus;
207 	int num_cores;
208 	int max_cpu_num;
209 	int num_cores_per_pkg;
210 	int num_threads_per_core;
211 } topo;
212 
213 struct timeval tv_even, tv_odd, tv_delta;
214 
215 void setup_all_buffers(void);
216 
217 int cpu_is_not_present(int cpu)
218 {
219 	return !CPU_ISSET_S(cpu, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
220 }
221 /*
222  * run func(thread, core, package) in topology order
223  * skip non-present cpus
224  */
225 
226 int for_all_cpus(int (func)(struct thread_data *, struct core_data *, struct pkg_data *),
227 	struct thread_data *thread_base, struct core_data *core_base, struct pkg_data *pkg_base)
228 {
229 	int retval, pkg_no, core_no, thread_no;
230 
231 	for (pkg_no = 0; pkg_no < topo.num_packages; ++pkg_no) {
232 		for (core_no = 0; core_no < topo.num_cores_per_pkg; ++core_no) {
233 			for (thread_no = 0; thread_no <
234 				topo.num_threads_per_core; ++thread_no) {
235 				struct thread_data *t;
236 				struct core_data *c;
237 				struct pkg_data *p;
238 
239 				t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
240 
241 				if (cpu_is_not_present(t->cpu_id))
242 					continue;
243 
244 				c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no);
245 				p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no);
246 
247 				retval = func(t, c, p);
248 				if (retval)
249 					return retval;
250 			}
251 		}
252 	}
253 	return 0;
254 }
255 
256 int cpu_migrate(int cpu)
257 {
258 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
259 	CPU_SET_S(cpu, cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
260 	if (sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set) == -1)
261 		return -1;
262 	else
263 		return 0;
264 }
265 
266 int get_msr(int cpu, off_t offset, unsigned long long *msr)
267 {
268 	ssize_t retval;
269 	char pathname[32];
270 	int fd;
271 
272 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", cpu);
273 	fd = open(pathname, O_RDONLY);
274 	if (fd < 0)
275 		err(-1, "%s open failed, try chown or chmod +r /dev/cpu/*/msr, or run as root", pathname);
276 
277 	retval = pread(fd, msr, sizeof *msr, offset);
278 	close(fd);
279 
280 	if (retval != sizeof *msr)
281 		err(-1, "%s offset 0x%llx read failed", pathname, (unsigned long long)offset);
282 
283 	return 0;
284 }
285 
286 /*
287  * Example Format w/ field column widths:
288  *
289  *  Package    Core     CPU Avg_MHz Bzy_MHz TSC_MHz     SMI   %Busy CPU_%c1 CPU_%c3 CPU_%c6 CPU_%c7 CoreTmp  PkgTmp Pkg%pc2 Pkg%pc3 Pkg%pc6 Pkg%pc7 PkgWatt CorWatt GFXWatt
290  * 123456781234567812345678123456781234567812345678123456781234567812345678123456781234567812345678123456781234567812345678123456781234567812345678123456781234567812345678
291  */
292 
293 void print_header(void)
294 {
295 	if (show_pkg)
296 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Package");
297 	if (show_core)
298 		outp += sprintf(outp, "    Core");
299 	if (show_cpu)
300 		outp += sprintf(outp, "     CPU");
301 	if (has_aperf)
302 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Avg_MHz");
303 	if (has_aperf)
304 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   %%Busy");
305 	if (has_aperf)
306 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Bzy_MHz");
307 	outp += sprintf(outp, " TSC_MHz");
308 
309 	if (extra_delta_offset32)
310 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  count 0x%03X", extra_delta_offset32);
311 	if (extra_delta_offset64)
312 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  COUNT 0x%03X", extra_delta_offset64);
313 	if (extra_msr_offset32)
314 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   MSR 0x%03X", extra_msr_offset32);
315 	if (extra_msr_offset64)
316 		outp += sprintf(outp, "           MSR 0x%03X", extra_msr_offset64);
317 
318 	if (!debug)
319 		goto done;
320 
321 	if (do_smi)
322 		outp += sprintf(outp, "     SMI");
323 
324 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
325 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  CPU%%c1");
326 	if (do_nhm_cstates && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates)
327 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  CPU%%c3");
328 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
329 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  CPU%%c6");
330 	if (do_snb_cstates)
331 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  CPU%%c7");
332 
333 	if (do_dts)
334 		outp += sprintf(outp, " CoreTmp");
335 	if (do_ptm)
336 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  PkgTmp");
337 
338 	if (do_skl_residency) {
339 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Totl%%C0");
340 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  Any%%C0");
341 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  GFX%%C0");
342 		outp += sprintf(outp, " CPUGFX%%");
343 	}
344 
345 	if (do_pc2)
346 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Pkg%%pc2");
347 	if (do_pc3)
348 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Pkg%%pc3");
349 	if (do_pc6)
350 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Pkg%%pc6");
351 	if (do_pc7)
352 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Pkg%%pc7");
353 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
354 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Pkg%%pc8");
355 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Pkg%%pc9");
356 		outp += sprintf(outp, " Pk%%pc10");
357 	}
358 
359 	if (do_rapl && !rapl_joules) {
360 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG)
361 			outp += sprintf(outp, " PkgWatt");
362 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES)
363 			outp += sprintf(outp, " CorWatt");
364 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX)
365 			outp += sprintf(outp, " GFXWatt");
366 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM)
367 			outp += sprintf(outp, " RAMWatt");
368 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS)
369 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   PKG_%%");
370 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS)
371 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   RAM_%%");
372 	} else if (do_rapl && rapl_joules) {
373 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG)
374 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   Pkg_J");
375 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES)
376 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   Cor_J");
377 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX)
378 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   GFX_J");
379 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM)
380 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   RAM_J");
381 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS)
382 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   PKG_%%");
383 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS)
384 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   RAM_%%");
385 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   time");
386 
387 	}
388     done:
389 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
390 }
391 
392 int dump_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
393 	struct pkg_data *p)
394 {
395 	outp += sprintf(outp, "t %p, c %p, p %p\n", t, c, p);
396 
397 	if (t) {
398 		outp += sprintf(outp, "CPU: %d flags 0x%x\n",
399 			t->cpu_id, t->flags);
400 		outp += sprintf(outp, "TSC: %016llX\n", t->tsc);
401 		outp += sprintf(outp, "aperf: %016llX\n", t->aperf);
402 		outp += sprintf(outp, "mperf: %016llX\n", t->mperf);
403 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c1: %016llX\n", t->c1);
404 		outp += sprintf(outp, "msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
405 			extra_delta_offset32, t->extra_delta32);
406 		outp += sprintf(outp, "msr0x%x: %016llX\n",
407 			extra_delta_offset64, t->extra_delta64);
408 		outp += sprintf(outp, "msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
409 			extra_msr_offset32, t->extra_msr32);
410 		outp += sprintf(outp, "msr0x%x: %016llX\n",
411 			extra_msr_offset64, t->extra_msr64);
412 		if (do_smi)
413 			outp += sprintf(outp, "SMI: %08X\n", t->smi_count);
414 	}
415 
416 	if (c) {
417 		outp += sprintf(outp, "core: %d\n", c->core_id);
418 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c3: %016llX\n", c->c3);
419 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c6: %016llX\n", c->c6);
420 		outp += sprintf(outp, "c7: %016llX\n", c->c7);
421 		outp += sprintf(outp, "DTS: %dC\n", c->core_temp_c);
422 	}
423 
424 	if (p) {
425 		outp += sprintf(outp, "package: %d\n", p->package_id);
426 
427 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Weighted cores: %016llX\n", p->pkg_wtd_core_c0);
428 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Any cores: %016llX\n", p->pkg_any_core_c0);
429 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Any GFX: %016llX\n", p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0);
430 		outp += sprintf(outp, "CPU + GFX: %016llX\n", p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0);
431 
432 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc2: %016llX\n", p->pc2);
433 		if (do_pc3)
434 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc3: %016llX\n", p->pc3);
435 		if (do_pc6)
436 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc6: %016llX\n", p->pc6);
437 		if (do_pc7)
438 			outp += sprintf(outp, "pc7: %016llX\n", p->pc7);
439 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc8: %016llX\n", p->pc8);
440 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc9: %016llX\n", p->pc9);
441 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pc10: %016llX\n", p->pc10);
442 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules PKG: %0X\n", p->energy_pkg);
443 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules COR: %0X\n", p->energy_cores);
444 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules GFX: %0X\n", p->energy_gfx);
445 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Joules RAM: %0X\n", p->energy_dram);
446 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Throttle PKG: %0X\n",
447 			p->rapl_pkg_perf_status);
448 		outp += sprintf(outp, "Throttle RAM: %0X\n",
449 			p->rapl_dram_perf_status);
450 		outp += sprintf(outp, "PTM: %dC\n", p->pkg_temp_c);
451 	}
452 
453 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
454 
455 	return 0;
456 }
457 
458 /*
459  * column formatting convention & formats
460  */
461 int format_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
462 	struct pkg_data *p)
463 {
464 	double interval_float;
465 	char *fmt8;
466 
467 	 /* if showing only 1st thread in core and this isn't one, bail out */
468 	if (show_core_only && !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
469 		return 0;
470 
471 	 /* if showing only 1st thread in pkg and this isn't one, bail out */
472 	if (show_pkg_only && !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
473 		return 0;
474 
475 	interval_float = tv_delta.tv_sec + tv_delta.tv_usec/1000000.0;
476 
477 	/* topo columns, print blanks on 1st (average) line */
478 	if (t == &average.threads) {
479 		if (show_pkg)
480 			outp += sprintf(outp, "       -");
481 		if (show_core)
482 			outp += sprintf(outp, "       -");
483 		if (show_cpu)
484 			outp += sprintf(outp, "       -");
485 	} else {
486 		if (show_pkg) {
487 			if (p)
488 				outp += sprintf(outp, "%8d", p->package_id);
489 			else
490 				outp += sprintf(outp, "       -");
491 		}
492 		if (show_core) {
493 			if (c)
494 				outp += sprintf(outp, "%8d", c->core_id);
495 			else
496 				outp += sprintf(outp, "       -");
497 		}
498 		if (show_cpu)
499 			outp += sprintf(outp, "%8d", t->cpu_id);
500 	}
501 
502 	/* Avg_MHz */
503 	if (has_aperf)
504 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.0f",
505 			1.0 / units * t->aperf / interval_float);
506 
507 	/* %Busy */
508 	if (has_aperf) {
509 		if (!skip_c0)
510 			outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * t->mperf/t->tsc/tsc_tweak);
511 		else
512 			outp += sprintf(outp, "********");
513 	}
514 
515 	/* Bzy_MHz */
516 	if (has_aperf) {
517 		if (has_base_hz)
518 			outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.0f", base_hz / units * t->aperf / t->mperf);
519 		else
520 			outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.0f",
521 				1.0 * t->tsc / units * t->aperf / t->mperf / interval_float);
522 	}
523 
524 	/* TSC_MHz */
525 	outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.0f", 1.0 * t->tsc/units/interval_float);
526 
527 	/* delta */
528 	if (extra_delta_offset32)
529 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  %11llu", t->extra_delta32);
530 
531 	/* DELTA */
532 	if (extra_delta_offset64)
533 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  %11llu", t->extra_delta64);
534 	/* msr */
535 	if (extra_msr_offset32)
536 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  0x%08llx", t->extra_msr32);
537 
538 	/* MSR */
539 	if (extra_msr_offset64)
540 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  0x%016llx", t->extra_msr64);
541 
542 	if (!debug)
543 		goto done;
544 
545 	/* SMI */
546 	if (do_smi)
547 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8d", t->smi_count);
548 
549 	if (do_nhm_cstates) {
550 		if (!skip_c1)
551 			outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * t->c1/t->tsc);
552 		else
553 			outp += sprintf(outp, "********");
554 	}
555 
556 	/* print per-core data only for 1st thread in core */
557 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
558 		goto done;
559 
560 	if (do_nhm_cstates && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates)
561 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * c->c3/t->tsc);
562 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
563 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * c->c6/t->tsc);
564 	if (do_snb_cstates)
565 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * c->c7/t->tsc);
566 
567 	if (do_dts)
568 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8d", c->core_temp_c);
569 
570 	/* print per-package data only for 1st core in package */
571 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
572 		goto done;
573 
574 	/* PkgTmp */
575 	if (do_ptm)
576 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8d", p->pkg_temp_c);
577 
578 	/* Totl%C0, Any%C0 GFX%C0 CPUGFX% */
579 	if (do_skl_residency) {
580 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_wtd_core_c0/t->tsc);
581 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_any_core_c0/t->tsc);
582 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0/t->tsc);
583 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0/t->tsc);
584 	}
585 
586 	if (do_pc2)
587 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pc2/t->tsc);
588 	if (do_pc3)
589 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pc3/t->tsc);
590 	if (do_pc6)
591 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pc6/t->tsc);
592 	if (do_pc7)
593 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pc7/t->tsc);
594 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
595 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pc8/t->tsc);
596 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pc9/t->tsc);
597 		outp += sprintf(outp, "%8.2f", 100.0 * p->pc10/t->tsc);
598 	}
599 
600 	/*
601  	 * If measurement interval exceeds minimum RAPL Joule Counter range,
602  	 * indicate that results are suspect by printing "**" in fraction place.
603  	 */
604 	if (interval_float < rapl_joule_counter_range)
605 		fmt8 = "%8.2f";
606 	else
607 		fmt8 = " %6.0f**";
608 
609 	if (do_rapl && !rapl_joules) {
610 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG)
611 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_pkg * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
612 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES)
613 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_cores * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
614 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX)
615 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_gfx * rapl_energy_units / interval_float);
616 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM)
617 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, p->energy_dram * rapl_dram_energy_units / interval_float);
618 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS)
619 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, 100.0 * p->rapl_pkg_perf_status * rapl_time_units / interval_float);
620 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS)
621 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, 100.0 * p->rapl_dram_perf_status * rapl_time_units / interval_float);
622 	} else if (do_rapl && rapl_joules) {
623 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG)
624 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8,
625 					p->energy_pkg * rapl_energy_units);
626 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES)
627 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8,
628 					p->energy_cores * rapl_energy_units);
629 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX)
630 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8,
631 					p->energy_gfx * rapl_energy_units);
632 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM)
633 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8,
634 					p->energy_dram * rapl_dram_energy_units);
635 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS)
636 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, 100.0 * p->rapl_pkg_perf_status * rapl_time_units / interval_float);
637 		if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS)
638 			outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, 100.0 * p->rapl_dram_perf_status * rapl_time_units / interval_float);
639 
640 		outp += sprintf(outp, fmt8, interval_float);
641 	}
642 done:
643 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
644 
645 	return 0;
646 }
647 
648 void flush_stdout()
649 {
650 	fputs(output_buffer, stdout);
651 	fflush(stdout);
652 	outp = output_buffer;
653 }
654 void flush_stderr()
655 {
656 	fputs(output_buffer, stderr);
657 	outp = output_buffer;
658 }
659 void format_all_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
660 {
661 	static int printed;
662 
663 	if (!printed || !summary_only)
664 		print_header();
665 
666 	if (topo.num_cpus > 1)
667 		format_counters(&average.threads, &average.cores,
668 			&average.packages);
669 
670 	printed = 1;
671 
672 	if (summary_only)
673 		return;
674 
675 	for_all_cpus(format_counters, t, c, p);
676 }
677 
678 #define DELTA_WRAP32(new, old)			\
679 	if (new > old) {			\
680 		old = new - old;		\
681 	} else {				\
682 		old = 0x100000000 + new - old;	\
683 	}
684 
685 void
686 delta_package(struct pkg_data *new, struct pkg_data *old)
687 {
688 
689 	if (do_skl_residency) {
690 		old->pkg_wtd_core_c0 = new->pkg_wtd_core_c0 - old->pkg_wtd_core_c0;
691 		old->pkg_any_core_c0 = new->pkg_any_core_c0 - old->pkg_any_core_c0;
692 		old->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 = new->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 - old->pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
693 		old->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 = new->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 - old->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
694 	}
695 	old->pc2 = new->pc2 - old->pc2;
696 	if (do_pc3)
697 		old->pc3 = new->pc3 - old->pc3;
698 	if (do_pc6)
699 		old->pc6 = new->pc6 - old->pc6;
700 	if (do_pc7)
701 		old->pc7 = new->pc7 - old->pc7;
702 	old->pc8 = new->pc8 - old->pc8;
703 	old->pc9 = new->pc9 - old->pc9;
704 	old->pc10 = new->pc10 - old->pc10;
705 	old->pkg_temp_c = new->pkg_temp_c;
706 
707 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_pkg, old->energy_pkg);
708 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_cores, old->energy_cores);
709 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_gfx, old->energy_gfx);
710 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->energy_dram, old->energy_dram);
711 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->rapl_pkg_perf_status, old->rapl_pkg_perf_status);
712 	DELTA_WRAP32(new->rapl_dram_perf_status, old->rapl_dram_perf_status);
713 }
714 
715 void
716 delta_core(struct core_data *new, struct core_data *old)
717 {
718 	old->c3 = new->c3 - old->c3;
719 	old->c6 = new->c6 - old->c6;
720 	old->c7 = new->c7 - old->c7;
721 	old->core_temp_c = new->core_temp_c;
722 }
723 
724 /*
725  * old = new - old
726  */
727 void
728 delta_thread(struct thread_data *new, struct thread_data *old,
729 	struct core_data *core_delta)
730 {
731 	old->tsc = new->tsc - old->tsc;
732 
733 	/* check for TSC < 1 Mcycles over interval */
734 	if (old->tsc < (1000 * 1000))
735 		errx(-3, "Insanely slow TSC rate, TSC stops in idle?\n"
736 		     "You can disable all c-states by booting with \"idle=poll\"\n"
737 		     "or just the deep ones with \"processor.max_cstate=1\"");
738 
739 	old->c1 = new->c1 - old->c1;
740 
741 	if (has_aperf) {
742 		if ((new->aperf > old->aperf) && (new->mperf > old->mperf)) {
743 			old->aperf = new->aperf - old->aperf;
744 			old->mperf = new->mperf - old->mperf;
745 		} else {
746 
747 			if (!aperf_mperf_unstable) {
748 				fprintf(stderr, "%s: APERF or MPERF went backwards *\n", progname);
749 				fprintf(stderr, "* Frequency results do not cover entire interval *\n");
750 				fprintf(stderr, "* fix this by running Linux-2.6.30 or later *\n");
751 
752 				aperf_mperf_unstable = 1;
753 			}
754 			/*
755 			 * mperf delta is likely a huge "positive" number
756 			 * can not use it for calculating c0 time
757 			 */
758 			skip_c0 = 1;
759 			skip_c1 = 1;
760 		}
761 	}
762 
763 
764 	if (use_c1_residency_msr) {
765 		/*
766 		 * Some models have a dedicated C1 residency MSR,
767 		 * which should be more accurate than the derivation below.
768 		 */
769 	} else {
770 		/*
771 		 * As counter collection is not atomic,
772 		 * it is possible for mperf's non-halted cycles + idle states
773 		 * to exceed TSC's all cycles: show c1 = 0% in that case.
774 		 */
775 		if ((old->mperf + core_delta->c3 + core_delta->c6 + core_delta->c7) > old->tsc)
776 			old->c1 = 0;
777 		else {
778 			/* normal case, derive c1 */
779 			old->c1 = old->tsc - old->mperf - core_delta->c3
780 				- core_delta->c6 - core_delta->c7;
781 		}
782 	}
783 
784 	if (old->mperf == 0) {
785 		if (debug > 1) fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d MPERF 0!\n", old->cpu_id);
786 		old->mperf = 1;	/* divide by 0 protection */
787 	}
788 
789 	old->extra_delta32 = new->extra_delta32 - old->extra_delta32;
790 	old->extra_delta32 &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
791 
792 	old->extra_delta64 = new->extra_delta64 - old->extra_delta64;
793 
794 	/*
795 	 * Extra MSR is just a snapshot, simply copy latest w/o subtracting
796 	 */
797 	old->extra_msr32 = new->extra_msr32;
798 	old->extra_msr64 = new->extra_msr64;
799 
800 	if (do_smi)
801 		old->smi_count = new->smi_count - old->smi_count;
802 }
803 
804 int delta_cpu(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
805 	struct pkg_data *p, struct thread_data *t2,
806 	struct core_data *c2, struct pkg_data *p2)
807 {
808 	/* calculate core delta only for 1st thread in core */
809 	if (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE)
810 		delta_core(c, c2);
811 
812 	/* always calculate thread delta */
813 	delta_thread(t, t2, c2);	/* c2 is core delta */
814 
815 	/* calculate package delta only for 1st core in package */
816 	if (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE)
817 		delta_package(p, p2);
818 
819 	return 0;
820 }
821 
822 void clear_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
823 {
824 	t->tsc = 0;
825 	t->aperf = 0;
826 	t->mperf = 0;
827 	t->c1 = 0;
828 
829 	t->smi_count = 0;
830 	t->extra_delta32 = 0;
831 	t->extra_delta64 = 0;
832 
833 	/* tells format_counters to dump all fields from this set */
834 	t->flags = CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE | CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE;
835 
836 	c->c3 = 0;
837 	c->c6 = 0;
838 	c->c7 = 0;
839 	c->core_temp_c = 0;
840 
841 	p->pkg_wtd_core_c0 = 0;
842 	p->pkg_any_core_c0 = 0;
843 	p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0 = 0;
844 	p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 = 0;
845 
846 	p->pc2 = 0;
847 	if (do_pc3)
848 		p->pc3 = 0;
849 	if (do_pc6)
850 		p->pc6 = 0;
851 	if (do_pc7)
852 		p->pc7 = 0;
853 	p->pc8 = 0;
854 	p->pc9 = 0;
855 	p->pc10 = 0;
856 
857 	p->energy_pkg = 0;
858 	p->energy_dram = 0;
859 	p->energy_cores = 0;
860 	p->energy_gfx = 0;
861 	p->rapl_pkg_perf_status = 0;
862 	p->rapl_dram_perf_status = 0;
863 	p->pkg_temp_c = 0;
864 }
865 int sum_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
866 	struct pkg_data *p)
867 {
868 	average.threads.tsc += t->tsc;
869 	average.threads.aperf += t->aperf;
870 	average.threads.mperf += t->mperf;
871 	average.threads.c1 += t->c1;
872 
873 	average.threads.extra_delta32 += t->extra_delta32;
874 	average.threads.extra_delta64 += t->extra_delta64;
875 
876 	/* sum per-core values only for 1st thread in core */
877 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
878 		return 0;
879 
880 	average.cores.c3 += c->c3;
881 	average.cores.c6 += c->c6;
882 	average.cores.c7 += c->c7;
883 
884 	average.cores.core_temp_c = MAX(average.cores.core_temp_c, c->core_temp_c);
885 
886 	/* sum per-pkg values only for 1st core in pkg */
887 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
888 		return 0;
889 
890 	if (do_skl_residency) {
891 		average.packages.pkg_wtd_core_c0 += p->pkg_wtd_core_c0;
892 		average.packages.pkg_any_core_c0 += p->pkg_any_core_c0;
893 		average.packages.pkg_any_gfxe_c0 += p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0;
894 		average.packages.pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 += p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0;
895 	}
896 
897 	average.packages.pc2 += p->pc2;
898 	if (do_pc3)
899 		average.packages.pc3 += p->pc3;
900 	if (do_pc6)
901 		average.packages.pc6 += p->pc6;
902 	if (do_pc7)
903 		average.packages.pc7 += p->pc7;
904 	average.packages.pc8 += p->pc8;
905 	average.packages.pc9 += p->pc9;
906 	average.packages.pc10 += p->pc10;
907 
908 	average.packages.energy_pkg += p->energy_pkg;
909 	average.packages.energy_dram += p->energy_dram;
910 	average.packages.energy_cores += p->energy_cores;
911 	average.packages.energy_gfx += p->energy_gfx;
912 
913 	average.packages.pkg_temp_c = MAX(average.packages.pkg_temp_c, p->pkg_temp_c);
914 
915 	average.packages.rapl_pkg_perf_status += p->rapl_pkg_perf_status;
916 	average.packages.rapl_dram_perf_status += p->rapl_dram_perf_status;
917 	return 0;
918 }
919 /*
920  * sum the counters for all cpus in the system
921  * compute the weighted average
922  */
923 void compute_average(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
924 	struct pkg_data *p)
925 {
926 	clear_counters(&average.threads, &average.cores, &average.packages);
927 
928 	for_all_cpus(sum_counters, t, c, p);
929 
930 	average.threads.tsc /= topo.num_cpus;
931 	average.threads.aperf /= topo.num_cpus;
932 	average.threads.mperf /= topo.num_cpus;
933 	average.threads.c1 /= topo.num_cpus;
934 
935 	average.threads.extra_delta32 /= topo.num_cpus;
936 	average.threads.extra_delta32 &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
937 
938 	average.threads.extra_delta64 /= topo.num_cpus;
939 
940 	average.cores.c3 /= topo.num_cores;
941 	average.cores.c6 /= topo.num_cores;
942 	average.cores.c7 /= topo.num_cores;
943 
944 	if (do_skl_residency) {
945 		average.packages.pkg_wtd_core_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
946 		average.packages.pkg_any_core_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
947 		average.packages.pkg_any_gfxe_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
948 		average.packages.pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0 /= topo.num_packages;
949 	}
950 
951 	average.packages.pc2 /= topo.num_packages;
952 	if (do_pc3)
953 		average.packages.pc3 /= topo.num_packages;
954 	if (do_pc6)
955 		average.packages.pc6 /= topo.num_packages;
956 	if (do_pc7)
957 		average.packages.pc7 /= topo.num_packages;
958 
959 	average.packages.pc8 /= topo.num_packages;
960 	average.packages.pc9 /= topo.num_packages;
961 	average.packages.pc10 /= topo.num_packages;
962 }
963 
964 static unsigned long long rdtsc(void)
965 {
966 	unsigned int low, high;
967 
968 	asm volatile("rdtsc" : "=a" (low), "=d" (high));
969 
970 	return low | ((unsigned long long)high) << 32;
971 }
972 
973 
974 /*
975  * get_counters(...)
976  * migrate to cpu
977  * acquire and record local counters for that cpu
978  */
979 int get_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
980 {
981 	int cpu = t->cpu_id;
982 	unsigned long long msr;
983 
984 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
985 		fprintf(stderr, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
986 		return -1;
987 	}
988 
989 	t->tsc = rdtsc();	/* we are running on local CPU of interest */
990 
991 	if (has_aperf) {
992 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_APERF, &t->aperf))
993 			return -3;
994 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_MPERF, &t->mperf))
995 			return -4;
996 		t->aperf = t->aperf * aperf_mperf_multiplier;
997 		t->mperf = t->mperf * aperf_mperf_multiplier;
998 	}
999 
1000 	if (do_smi) {
1001 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_SMI_COUNT, &msr))
1002 			return -5;
1003 		t->smi_count = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1004 	}
1005 	if (extra_delta_offset32) {
1006 		if (get_msr(cpu, extra_delta_offset32, &msr))
1007 			return -5;
1008 		t->extra_delta32 = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1009 	}
1010 
1011 	if (extra_delta_offset64)
1012 		if (get_msr(cpu, extra_delta_offset64, &t->extra_delta64))
1013 			return -5;
1014 
1015 	if (extra_msr_offset32) {
1016 		if (get_msr(cpu, extra_msr_offset32, &msr))
1017 			return -5;
1018 		t->extra_msr32 = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1019 	}
1020 
1021 	if (extra_msr_offset64)
1022 		if (get_msr(cpu, extra_msr_offset64, &t->extra_msr64))
1023 			return -5;
1024 
1025 	if (use_c1_residency_msr) {
1026 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C1_RES, &t->c1))
1027 			return -6;
1028 	}
1029 
1030 	/* collect core counters only for 1st thread in core */
1031 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
1032 		return 0;
1033 
1034 	if (do_nhm_cstates && !do_slm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates) {
1035 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C3_RESIDENCY, &c->c3))
1036 			return -6;
1037 	}
1038 
1039 	if (do_nhm_cstates && !do_knl_cstates) {
1040 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY, &c->c6))
1041 			return -7;
1042 	} else if (do_knl_cstates) {
1043 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_KNL_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY, &c->c6))
1044 			return -7;
1045 	}
1046 
1047 	if (do_snb_cstates)
1048 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C7_RESIDENCY, &c->c7))
1049 			return -8;
1050 
1051 	if (do_dts) {
1052 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
1053 			return -9;
1054 		c->core_temp_c = tcc_activation_temp - ((msr >> 16) & 0x7F);
1055 	}
1056 
1057 
1058 	/* collect package counters only for 1st core in package */
1059 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
1060 		return 0;
1061 
1062 	if (do_skl_residency) {
1063 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_WEIGHTED_CORE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_wtd_core_c0))
1064 			return -10;
1065 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ANY_CORE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_any_core_c0))
1066 			return -11;
1067 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ANY_GFXE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_any_gfxe_c0))
1068 			return -12;
1069 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_BOTH_CORE_GFXE_C0_RES, &p->pkg_both_core_gfxe_c0))
1070 			return -13;
1071 	}
1072 	if (do_pc3)
1073 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY, &p->pc3))
1074 			return -9;
1075 	if (do_pc6)
1076 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY, &p->pc6))
1077 			return -10;
1078 	if (do_pc2)
1079 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY, &p->pc2))
1080 			return -11;
1081 	if (do_pc7)
1082 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY, &p->pc7))
1083 			return -12;
1084 	if (do_c8_c9_c10) {
1085 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C8_RESIDENCY, &p->pc8))
1086 			return -13;
1087 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C9_RESIDENCY, &p->pc9))
1088 			return -13;
1089 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C10_RESIDENCY, &p->pc10))
1090 			return -13;
1091 	}
1092 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG) {
1093 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1094 			return -13;
1095 		p->energy_pkg = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1096 	}
1097 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES) {
1098 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1099 			return -14;
1100 		p->energy_cores = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1101 	}
1102 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM) {
1103 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1104 			return -15;
1105 		p->energy_dram = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1106 	}
1107 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX) {
1108 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS, &msr))
1109 			return -16;
1110 		p->energy_gfx = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1111 	}
1112 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS) {
1113 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS, &msr))
1114 			return -16;
1115 		p->rapl_pkg_perf_status = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1116 	}
1117 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS) {
1118 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS, &msr))
1119 			return -16;
1120 		p->rapl_dram_perf_status = msr & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1121 	}
1122 	if (do_ptm) {
1123 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
1124 			return -17;
1125 		p->pkg_temp_c = tcc_activation_temp - ((msr >> 16) & 0x7F);
1126 	}
1127 	return 0;
1128 }
1129 
1130 /*
1131  * MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL decoding for pkg_cstate_limit:
1132  * If you change the values, note they are used both in comparisons
1133  * (>= PCL__7) and to index pkg_cstate_limit_strings[].
1134  */
1135 
1136 #define PCLUKN 0 /* Unknown */
1137 #define PCLRSV 1 /* Reserved */
1138 #define PCL__0 2 /* PC0 */
1139 #define PCL__1 3 /* PC1 */
1140 #define PCL__2 4 /* PC2 */
1141 #define PCL__3 5 /* PC3 */
1142 #define PCL__4 6 /* PC4 */
1143 #define PCL__6 7 /* PC6 */
1144 #define PCL_6N 8 /* PC6 No Retention */
1145 #define PCL_6R 9 /* PC6 Retention */
1146 #define PCL__7 10 /* PC7 */
1147 #define PCL_7S 11 /* PC7 Shrink */
1148 #define PCL__8 12 /* PC8 */
1149 #define PCL__9 13 /* PC9 */
1150 #define PCLUNL 14 /* Unlimited */
1151 
1152 int pkg_cstate_limit = PCLUKN;
1153 char *pkg_cstate_limit_strings[] = { "reserved", "unknown", "pc0", "pc1", "pc2",
1154 	"pc3", "pc4", "pc6", "pc6n", "pc6r", "pc7", "pc7s", "pc8", "pc9", "unlimited"};
1155 
1156 int nhm_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__1, PCL__3, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1157 int snb_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL_6N, PCL_6R, PCL__7, PCL_7S, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1158 int hsw_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL__3, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCL_7S, PCL__8, PCL__9, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1159 int slv_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__1, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCL__4, PCLRSV, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1160 int amt_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__1, PCL__2, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCL__6, PCL__7, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1161 int phi_pkg_cstate_limits[16] = {PCL__0, PCL__2, PCL_6N, PCL_6R, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLUNL, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV, PCLRSV};
1162 
1163 
1164 static void
1165 calculate_tsc_tweak()
1166 {
1167 	tsc_tweak = base_hz / tsc_hz;
1168 }
1169 
1170 static void
1171 dump_nhm_platform_info(void)
1172 {
1173 	unsigned long long msr;
1174 	unsigned int ratio;
1175 
1176 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, &msr);
1177 
1178 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_PLATFORM_INFO: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1179 
1180 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1181 	fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max efficiency frequency\n",
1182 		ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1183 
1184 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1185 	fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz base frequency\n",
1186 		ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1187 
1188 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_POWER_CTL, &msr);
1189 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_POWER_CTL: 0x%08llx (C1E auto-promotion: %sabled)\n",
1190 		base_cpu, msr, msr & 0x2 ? "EN" : "DIS");
1191 
1192 	return;
1193 }
1194 
1195 static void
1196 dump_hsw_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1197 {
1198 	unsigned long long msr;
1199 	unsigned int ratio;
1200 
1201 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT2, &msr);
1202 
1203 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT2: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1204 
1205 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1206 	if (ratio)
1207 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 18 active cores\n",
1208 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1209 
1210 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1211 	if (ratio)
1212 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 17 active cores\n",
1213 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1214 	return;
1215 }
1216 
1217 static void
1218 dump_ivt_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1219 {
1220 	unsigned long long msr;
1221 	unsigned int ratio;
1222 
1223 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT1, &msr);
1224 
1225 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT1: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1226 
1227 	ratio = (msr >> 56) & 0xFF;
1228 	if (ratio)
1229 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 16 active cores\n",
1230 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1231 
1232 	ratio = (msr >> 48) & 0xFF;
1233 	if (ratio)
1234 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 15 active cores\n",
1235 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1236 
1237 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1238 	if (ratio)
1239 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 14 active cores\n",
1240 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1241 
1242 	ratio = (msr >> 32) & 0xFF;
1243 	if (ratio)
1244 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 13 active cores\n",
1245 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1246 
1247 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0xFF;
1248 	if (ratio)
1249 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 12 active cores\n",
1250 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1251 
1252 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
1253 	if (ratio)
1254 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 11 active cores\n",
1255 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1256 
1257 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1258 	if (ratio)
1259 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 10 active cores\n",
1260 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1261 
1262 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1263 	if (ratio)
1264 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 9 active cores\n",
1265 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1266 	return;
1267 }
1268 
1269 static void
1270 dump_nhm_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1271 {
1272 	unsigned long long msr;
1273 	unsigned int ratio;
1274 
1275 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT, &msr);
1276 
1277 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x%08llx\n", base_cpu, msr);
1278 
1279 	ratio = (msr >> 56) & 0xFF;
1280 	if (ratio)
1281 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 8 active cores\n",
1282 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1283 
1284 	ratio = (msr >> 48) & 0xFF;
1285 	if (ratio)
1286 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 7 active cores\n",
1287 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1288 
1289 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
1290 	if (ratio)
1291 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 6 active cores\n",
1292 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1293 
1294 	ratio = (msr >> 32) & 0xFF;
1295 	if (ratio)
1296 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 5 active cores\n",
1297 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1298 
1299 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0xFF;
1300 	if (ratio)
1301 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 4 active cores\n",
1302 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1303 
1304 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
1305 	if (ratio)
1306 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 3 active cores\n",
1307 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1308 
1309 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1310 	if (ratio)
1311 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 2 active cores\n",
1312 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1313 
1314 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
1315 	if (ratio)
1316 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 1 active cores\n",
1317 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
1318 	return;
1319 }
1320 
1321 static void
1322 dump_knl_turbo_ratio_limits(void)
1323 {
1324 	int cores;
1325 	unsigned int ratio;
1326 	unsigned long long msr;
1327 	int delta_cores;
1328 	int delta_ratio;
1329 	int i;
1330 
1331 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_NHM_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT, &msr);
1332 
1333 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_NHM_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x%08llx\n",
1334 		base_cpu, msr);
1335 
1336 	/**
1337 	 * Turbo encoding in KNL is as follows:
1338 	 * [7:0] -- Base value of number of active cores of bucket 1.
1339 	 * [15:8] -- Base value of freq ratio of bucket 1.
1340 	 * [20:16] -- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 2.
1341 	 * i.e. active cores of bucket 2 =
1342 	 * active cores of bucket 1 + delta
1343 	 * [23:21] -- Negative delta of freq ratio of bucket 2.
1344 	 * i.e. freq ratio of bucket 2 =
1345 	 * freq ratio of bucket 1 - delta
1346 	 * [28:24]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 3.
1347 	 * [31:29]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 3.
1348 	 * [36:32]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 4.
1349 	 * [39:37]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 4.
1350 	 * [44:40]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 5.
1351 	 * [47:45]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 5.
1352 	 * [52:48]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 6.
1353 	 * [55:53]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 6.
1354 	 * [60:56]-- +ve delta of number of active cores of bucket 7.
1355 	 * [63:61]-- -ve delta of freq ratio of bucket 7.
1356 	 */
1357 	cores = msr & 0xFF;
1358 	ratio = (msr >> 8) && 0xFF;
1359 	if (ratio > 0)
1360 		fprintf(stderr,
1361 			"%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo %d active cores\n",
1362 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk, cores);
1363 
1364 	for (i = 16; i < 64; i = i + 8) {
1365 		delta_cores = (msr >> i) & 0x1F;
1366 		delta_ratio = (msr >> (i + 5)) && 0x7;
1367 		if (!delta_cores || !delta_ratio)
1368 			return;
1369 		cores = cores + delta_cores;
1370 		ratio = ratio - delta_ratio;
1371 
1372 		/** -ve ratios will make successive ratio calculations
1373 		 * negative. Hence return instead of carrying on.
1374 		 */
1375 		if (ratio > 0)
1376 			fprintf(stderr,
1377 				"%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo %d active cores\n",
1378 				ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk, cores);
1379 	}
1380 }
1381 
1382 static void
1383 dump_nhm_cst_cfg(void)
1384 {
1385 	unsigned long long msr;
1386 
1387 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_NHM_SNB_PKG_CST_CFG_CTL, &msr);
1388 
1389 #define SNB_C1_AUTO_UNDEMOTE              (1UL << 27)
1390 #define SNB_C3_AUTO_UNDEMOTE              (1UL << 28)
1391 
1392 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_NHM_SNB_PKG_CST_CFG_CTL: 0x%08llx", base_cpu, msr);
1393 
1394 	fprintf(stderr, " (%s%s%s%s%slocked: pkg-cstate-limit=%d: %s)\n",
1395 		(msr & SNB_C3_AUTO_UNDEMOTE) ? "UNdemote-C3, " : "",
1396 		(msr & SNB_C1_AUTO_UNDEMOTE) ? "UNdemote-C1, " : "",
1397 		(msr & NHM_C3_AUTO_DEMOTE) ? "demote-C3, " : "",
1398 		(msr & NHM_C1_AUTO_DEMOTE) ? "demote-C1, " : "",
1399 		(msr & (1 << 15)) ? "" : "UN",
1400 		(unsigned int)msr & 7,
1401 		pkg_cstate_limit_strings[pkg_cstate_limit]);
1402 	return;
1403 }
1404 
1405 static void
1406 dump_config_tdp(void)
1407 {
1408 	unsigned long long msr;
1409 
1410 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_NOMINAL, &msr);
1411 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_NOMINAL: 0x%08llx", base_cpu, msr);
1412 	fprintf(stderr, " (base_ratio=%d)\n", (unsigned int)msr & 0xEF);
1413 
1414 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_1, &msr);
1415 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_1: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1416 	if (msr) {
1417 		fprintf(stderr, "PKG_MIN_PWR_LVL1=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 48) & 0xEFFF);
1418 		fprintf(stderr, "PKG_MAX_PWR_LVL1=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 32) & 0xEFFF);
1419 		fprintf(stderr, "LVL1_RATIO=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 16) & 0xEF);
1420 		fprintf(stderr, "PKG_TDP_LVL1=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0xEFFF);
1421 	}
1422 	fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
1423 
1424 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_2, &msr);
1425 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_LEVEL_2: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1426 	if (msr) {
1427 		fprintf(stderr, "PKG_MIN_PWR_LVL2=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 48) & 0xEFFF);
1428 		fprintf(stderr, "PKG_MAX_PWR_LVL2=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 32) & 0xEFFF);
1429 		fprintf(stderr, "LVL2_RATIO=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr >> 16) & 0xEF);
1430 		fprintf(stderr, "PKG_TDP_LVL2=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0xEFFF);
1431 	}
1432 	fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
1433 
1434 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_CONFIG_TDP_CONTROL, &msr);
1435 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_CONFIG_TDP_CONTROL: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1436 	if ((msr) & 0x3)
1437 		fprintf(stderr, "TDP_LEVEL=%d ", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0x3);
1438 	fprintf(stderr, " lock=%d", (unsigned int)(msr >> 31) & 1);
1439 	fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
1440 
1441 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_TURBO_ACTIVATION_RATIO, &msr);
1442 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_TURBO_ACTIVATION_RATIO: 0x%08llx (", base_cpu, msr);
1443 	fprintf(stderr, "MAX_NON_TURBO_RATIO=%d", (unsigned int)(msr) & 0x7F);
1444 	fprintf(stderr, " lock=%d", (unsigned int)(msr >> 31) & 1);
1445 	fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
1446 }
1447 
1448 void free_all_buffers(void)
1449 {
1450 	CPU_FREE(cpu_present_set);
1451 	cpu_present_set = NULL;
1452 	cpu_present_set = 0;
1453 
1454 	CPU_FREE(cpu_affinity_set);
1455 	cpu_affinity_set = NULL;
1456 	cpu_affinity_setsize = 0;
1457 
1458 	free(thread_even);
1459 	free(core_even);
1460 	free(package_even);
1461 
1462 	thread_even = NULL;
1463 	core_even = NULL;
1464 	package_even = NULL;
1465 
1466 	free(thread_odd);
1467 	free(core_odd);
1468 	free(package_odd);
1469 
1470 	thread_odd = NULL;
1471 	core_odd = NULL;
1472 	package_odd = NULL;
1473 
1474 	free(output_buffer);
1475 	output_buffer = NULL;
1476 	outp = NULL;
1477 }
1478 
1479 /*
1480  * Open a file, and exit on failure
1481  */
1482 FILE *fopen_or_die(const char *path, const char *mode)
1483 {
1484 	FILE *filep = fopen(path, "r");
1485 	if (!filep)
1486 		err(1, "%s: open failed", path);
1487 	return filep;
1488 }
1489 
1490 /*
1491  * Parse a file containing a single int.
1492  */
1493 int parse_int_file(const char *fmt, ...)
1494 {
1495 	va_list args;
1496 	char path[PATH_MAX];
1497 	FILE *filep;
1498 	int value;
1499 
1500 	va_start(args, fmt);
1501 	vsnprintf(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
1502 	va_end(args);
1503 	filep = fopen_or_die(path, "r");
1504 	if (fscanf(filep, "%d", &value) != 1)
1505 		err(1, "%s: failed to parse number from file", path);
1506 	fclose(filep);
1507 	return value;
1508 }
1509 
1510 /*
1511  * get_cpu_position_in_core(cpu)
1512  * return the position of the CPU among its HT siblings in the core
1513  * return -1 if the sibling is not in list
1514  */
1515 int get_cpu_position_in_core(int cpu)
1516 {
1517 	char path[64];
1518 	FILE *filep;
1519 	int this_cpu;
1520 	char character;
1521 	int i;
1522 
1523 	sprintf(path,
1524 		"/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/thread_siblings_list",
1525 		cpu);
1526 	filep = fopen(path, "r");
1527 	if (filep == NULL) {
1528 		perror(path);
1529 		exit(1);
1530 	}
1531 
1532 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_threads_per_core; i++) {
1533 		fscanf(filep, "%d", &this_cpu);
1534 		if (this_cpu == cpu) {
1535 			fclose(filep);
1536 			return i;
1537 		}
1538 
1539 		/* Account for no separator after last thread*/
1540 		if (i != (topo.num_threads_per_core - 1))
1541 			fscanf(filep, "%c", &character);
1542 	}
1543 
1544 	fclose(filep);
1545 	return -1;
1546 }
1547 
1548 /*
1549  * cpu_is_first_core_in_package(cpu)
1550  * return 1 if given CPU is 1st core in package
1551  */
1552 int cpu_is_first_core_in_package(int cpu)
1553 {
1554 	return cpu == parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/core_siblings_list", cpu);
1555 }
1556 
1557 int get_physical_package_id(int cpu)
1558 {
1559 	return parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/physical_package_id", cpu);
1560 }
1561 
1562 int get_core_id(int cpu)
1563 {
1564 	return parse_int_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/core_id", cpu);
1565 }
1566 
1567 int get_num_ht_siblings(int cpu)
1568 {
1569 	char path[80];
1570 	FILE *filep;
1571 	int sib1;
1572 	int matches = 0;
1573 	char character;
1574 	char str[100];
1575 	char *ch;
1576 
1577 	sprintf(path, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/thread_siblings_list", cpu);
1578 	filep = fopen_or_die(path, "r");
1579 
1580 	/*
1581 	 * file format:
1582 	 * A ',' separated or '-' separated set of numbers
1583 	 * (eg 1-2 or 1,3,4,5)
1584 	 */
1585 	fscanf(filep, "%d%c\n", &sib1, &character);
1586 	fseek(filep, 0, SEEK_SET);
1587 	fgets(str, 100, filep);
1588 	ch = strchr(str, character);
1589 	while (ch != NULL) {
1590 		matches++;
1591 		ch = strchr(ch+1, character);
1592 	}
1593 
1594 	fclose(filep);
1595 	return matches+1;
1596 }
1597 
1598 /*
1599  * run func(thread, core, package) in topology order
1600  * skip non-present cpus
1601  */
1602 
1603 int for_all_cpus_2(int (func)(struct thread_data *, struct core_data *,
1604 	struct pkg_data *, struct thread_data *, struct core_data *,
1605 	struct pkg_data *), struct thread_data *thread_base,
1606 	struct core_data *core_base, struct pkg_data *pkg_base,
1607 	struct thread_data *thread_base2, struct core_data *core_base2,
1608 	struct pkg_data *pkg_base2)
1609 {
1610 	int retval, pkg_no, core_no, thread_no;
1611 
1612 	for (pkg_no = 0; pkg_no < topo.num_packages; ++pkg_no) {
1613 		for (core_no = 0; core_no < topo.num_cores_per_pkg; ++core_no) {
1614 			for (thread_no = 0; thread_no <
1615 				topo.num_threads_per_core; ++thread_no) {
1616 				struct thread_data *t, *t2;
1617 				struct core_data *c, *c2;
1618 				struct pkg_data *p, *p2;
1619 
1620 				t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
1621 
1622 				if (cpu_is_not_present(t->cpu_id))
1623 					continue;
1624 
1625 				t2 = GET_THREAD(thread_base2, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
1626 
1627 				c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no);
1628 				c2 = GET_CORE(core_base2, core_no, pkg_no);
1629 
1630 				p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no);
1631 				p2 = GET_PKG(pkg_base2, pkg_no);
1632 
1633 				retval = func(t, c, p, t2, c2, p2);
1634 				if (retval)
1635 					return retval;
1636 			}
1637 		}
1638 	}
1639 	return 0;
1640 }
1641 
1642 /*
1643  * run func(cpu) on every cpu in /proc/stat
1644  * return max_cpu number
1645  */
1646 int for_all_proc_cpus(int (func)(int))
1647 {
1648 	FILE *fp;
1649 	int cpu_num;
1650 	int retval;
1651 
1652 	fp = fopen_or_die(proc_stat, "r");
1653 
1654 	retval = fscanf(fp, "cpu %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d\n");
1655 	if (retval != 0)
1656 		err(1, "%s: failed to parse format", proc_stat);
1657 
1658 	while (1) {
1659 		retval = fscanf(fp, "cpu%u %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d\n", &cpu_num);
1660 		if (retval != 1)
1661 			break;
1662 
1663 		retval = func(cpu_num);
1664 		if (retval) {
1665 			fclose(fp);
1666 			return(retval);
1667 		}
1668 	}
1669 	fclose(fp);
1670 	return 0;
1671 }
1672 
1673 void re_initialize(void)
1674 {
1675 	free_all_buffers();
1676 	setup_all_buffers();
1677 	printf("turbostat: re-initialized with num_cpus %d\n", topo.num_cpus);
1678 }
1679 
1680 
1681 /*
1682  * count_cpus()
1683  * remember the last one seen, it will be the max
1684  */
1685 int count_cpus(int cpu)
1686 {
1687 	if (topo.max_cpu_num < cpu)
1688 		topo.max_cpu_num = cpu;
1689 
1690 	topo.num_cpus += 1;
1691 	return 0;
1692 }
1693 int mark_cpu_present(int cpu)
1694 {
1695 	CPU_SET_S(cpu, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
1696 	return 0;
1697 }
1698 
1699 void turbostat_loop()
1700 {
1701 	int retval;
1702 	int restarted = 0;
1703 
1704 restart:
1705 	restarted++;
1706 
1707 	retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
1708 	if (retval < -1) {
1709 		exit(retval);
1710 	} else if (retval == -1) {
1711 		if (restarted > 1) {
1712 			exit(retval);
1713 		}
1714 		re_initialize();
1715 		goto restart;
1716 	}
1717 	restarted = 0;
1718 	gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
1719 
1720 	while (1) {
1721 		if (for_all_proc_cpus(cpu_is_not_present)) {
1722 			re_initialize();
1723 			goto restart;
1724 		}
1725 		sleep(interval_sec);
1726 		retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
1727 		if (retval < -1) {
1728 			exit(retval);
1729 		} else if (retval == -1) {
1730 			re_initialize();
1731 			goto restart;
1732 		}
1733 		gettimeofday(&tv_odd, (struct timezone *)NULL);
1734 		timersub(&tv_odd, &tv_even, &tv_delta);
1735 		for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, ODD_COUNTERS, EVEN_COUNTERS);
1736 		compute_average(EVEN_COUNTERS);
1737 		format_all_counters(EVEN_COUNTERS);
1738 		flush_stdout();
1739 		sleep(interval_sec);
1740 		retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
1741 		if (retval < -1) {
1742 			exit(retval);
1743 		} else if (retval == -1) {
1744 			re_initialize();
1745 			goto restart;
1746 		}
1747 		gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
1748 		timersub(&tv_even, &tv_odd, &tv_delta);
1749 		for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, EVEN_COUNTERS, ODD_COUNTERS);
1750 		compute_average(ODD_COUNTERS);
1751 		format_all_counters(ODD_COUNTERS);
1752 		flush_stdout();
1753 	}
1754 }
1755 
1756 void check_dev_msr()
1757 {
1758 	struct stat sb;
1759 	char pathname[32];
1760 
1761 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", base_cpu);
1762 	if (stat(pathname, &sb))
1763  		if (system("/sbin/modprobe msr > /dev/null 2>&1"))
1764 			err(-5, "no /dev/cpu/0/msr, Try \"# modprobe msr\" ");
1765 }
1766 
1767 void check_permissions()
1768 {
1769 	struct __user_cap_header_struct cap_header_data;
1770 	cap_user_header_t cap_header = &cap_header_data;
1771 	struct __user_cap_data_struct cap_data_data;
1772 	cap_user_data_t cap_data = &cap_data_data;
1773 	extern int capget(cap_user_header_t hdrp, cap_user_data_t datap);
1774 	int do_exit = 0;
1775 	char pathname[32];
1776 
1777 	/* check for CAP_SYS_RAWIO */
1778 	cap_header->pid = getpid();
1779 	cap_header->version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION;
1780 	if (capget(cap_header, cap_data) < 0)
1781 		err(-6, "capget(2) failed");
1782 
1783 	if ((cap_data->effective & (1 << CAP_SYS_RAWIO)) == 0) {
1784 		do_exit++;
1785 		warnx("capget(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) failed,"
1786 			" try \"# setcap cap_sys_rawio=ep %s\"", progname);
1787 	}
1788 
1789 	/* test file permissions */
1790 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", base_cpu);
1791 	if (euidaccess(pathname, R_OK)) {
1792 		do_exit++;
1793 		warn("/dev/cpu/0/msr open failed, try chown or chmod +r /dev/cpu/*/msr");
1794 	}
1795 
1796 	/* if all else fails, thell them to be root */
1797 	if (do_exit)
1798 		if (getuid() != 0)
1799 			warnx("... or simply run as root");
1800 
1801 	if (do_exit)
1802 		exit(-6);
1803 }
1804 
1805 /*
1806  * NHM adds support for additional MSRs:
1807  *
1808  * MSR_SMI_COUNT                   0x00000034
1809  *
1810  * MSR_PLATFORM_INFO               0x000000ce
1811  * MSR_NHM_SNB_PKG_CST_CFG_CTL     0x000000e2
1812  *
1813  * MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY            0x000003f8
1814  * MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY            0x000003f9
1815  * MSR_CORE_C3_RESIDENCY           0x000003fc
1816  * MSR_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY           0x000003fd
1817  *
1818  * Side effect:
1819  * sets global pkg_cstate_limit to decode MSR_NHM_SNB_PKG_CST_CFG_CTL
1820  */
1821 int probe_nhm_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1822 {
1823 	unsigned long long msr;
1824 	unsigned int base_ratio;
1825 	int *pkg_cstate_limits;
1826 
1827 	if (!genuine_intel)
1828 		return 0;
1829 
1830 	if (family != 6)
1831 		return 0;
1832 
1833 	bclk = discover_bclk(family, model);
1834 
1835 	switch (model) {
1836 	case 0x1A:	/* Core i7, Xeon 5500 series - Bloomfield, Gainstown NHM-EP */
1837 	case 0x1E:	/* Core i7 and i5 Processor - Clarksfield, Lynnfield, Jasper Forest */
1838 	case 0x1F:	/* Core i7 and i5 Processor - Nehalem */
1839 	case 0x25:	/* Westmere Client - Clarkdale, Arrandale */
1840 	case 0x2C:	/* Westmere EP - Gulftown */
1841 	case 0x2E:	/* Nehalem-EX Xeon - Beckton */
1842 	case 0x2F:	/* Westmere-EX Xeon - Eagleton */
1843 		pkg_cstate_limits = nhm_pkg_cstate_limits;
1844 		break;
1845 	case 0x2A:	/* SNB */
1846 	case 0x2D:	/* SNB Xeon */
1847 	case 0x3A:	/* IVB */
1848 	case 0x3E:	/* IVB Xeon */
1849 		pkg_cstate_limits = snb_pkg_cstate_limits;
1850 		break;
1851 	case 0x3C:	/* HSW */
1852 	case 0x3F:	/* HSX */
1853 	case 0x45:	/* HSW */
1854 	case 0x46:	/* HSW */
1855 	case 0x3D:	/* BDW */
1856 	case 0x47:	/* BDW */
1857 	case 0x4F:	/* BDX */
1858 	case 0x56:	/* BDX-DE */
1859 	case 0x4E:	/* SKL */
1860 	case 0x5E:	/* SKL */
1861 		pkg_cstate_limits = hsw_pkg_cstate_limits;
1862 		break;
1863 	case 0x37:	/* BYT */
1864 	case 0x4D:	/* AVN */
1865 		pkg_cstate_limits = slv_pkg_cstate_limits;
1866 		break;
1867 	case 0x4C:	/* AMT */
1868 		pkg_cstate_limits = amt_pkg_cstate_limits;
1869 		break;
1870 	case 0x57:	/* PHI */
1871 		pkg_cstate_limits = phi_pkg_cstate_limits;
1872 		break;
1873 	default:
1874 		return 0;
1875 	}
1876 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_NHM_SNB_PKG_CST_CFG_CTL, &msr);
1877 	pkg_cstate_limit = pkg_cstate_limits[msr & 0xF];
1878 
1879 	get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, &msr);
1880 	base_ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
1881 
1882 	base_hz = base_ratio * bclk * 1000000;
1883 	has_base_hz = 1;
1884 	return 1;
1885 }
1886 int has_nhm_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1887 {
1888 	switch (model) {
1889 	/* Nehalem compatible, but do not include turbo-ratio limit support */
1890 	case 0x2E:	/* Nehalem-EX Xeon - Beckton */
1891 	case 0x2F:	/* Westmere-EX Xeon - Eagleton */
1892 		return 0;
1893 	default:
1894 		return 1;
1895 	}
1896 }
1897 int has_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1898 {
1899 	if (!genuine_intel)
1900 		return 0;
1901 
1902 	if (family != 6)
1903 		return 0;
1904 
1905 	switch (model) {
1906 	case 0x3E:	/* IVB Xeon */
1907 	case 0x3F:	/* HSW Xeon */
1908 		return 1;
1909 	default:
1910 		return 0;
1911 	}
1912 }
1913 int has_hsw_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1914 {
1915 	if (!genuine_intel)
1916 		return 0;
1917 
1918 	if (family != 6)
1919 		return 0;
1920 
1921 	switch (model) {
1922 	case 0x3F:	/* HSW Xeon */
1923 		return 1;
1924 	default:
1925 		return 0;
1926 	}
1927 }
1928 
1929 int has_knl_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1930 {
1931 	if (!genuine_intel)
1932 		return 0;
1933 
1934 	if (family != 6)
1935 		return 0;
1936 
1937 	switch (model) {
1938 	case 0x57:	/* Knights Landing */
1939 		return 1;
1940 	default:
1941 		return 0;
1942 	}
1943 }
1944 int has_config_tdp(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1945 {
1946 	if (!genuine_intel)
1947 		return 0;
1948 
1949 	if (family != 6)
1950 		return 0;
1951 
1952 	switch (model) {
1953 	case 0x3A:	/* IVB */
1954 	case 0x3C:	/* HSW */
1955 	case 0x3F:	/* HSX */
1956 	case 0x45:	/* HSW */
1957 	case 0x46:	/* HSW */
1958 	case 0x3D:	/* BDW */
1959 	case 0x47:	/* BDW */
1960 	case 0x4F:	/* BDX */
1961 	case 0x56:	/* BDX-DE */
1962 	case 0x4E:	/* SKL */
1963 	case 0x5E:	/* SKL */
1964 
1965 	case 0x57:	/* Knights Landing */
1966 		return 1;
1967 	default:
1968 		return 0;
1969 	}
1970 }
1971 
1972 static void
1973 dump_cstate_pstate_config_info(family, model)
1974 {
1975 	if (!do_nhm_platform_info)
1976 		return;
1977 
1978 	dump_nhm_platform_info();
1979 
1980 	if (has_hsw_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
1981 		dump_hsw_turbo_ratio_limits();
1982 
1983 	if (has_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
1984 		dump_ivt_turbo_ratio_limits();
1985 
1986 	if (has_nhm_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
1987 		dump_nhm_turbo_ratio_limits();
1988 
1989 	if (has_knl_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model))
1990 		dump_knl_turbo_ratio_limits();
1991 
1992 	if (has_config_tdp(family, model))
1993 		dump_config_tdp();
1994 
1995 	dump_nhm_cst_cfg();
1996 }
1997 
1998 
1999 /*
2000  * print_epb()
2001  * Decode the ENERGY_PERF_BIAS MSR
2002  */
2003 int print_epb(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2004 {
2005 	unsigned long long msr;
2006 	char *epb_string;
2007 	int cpu;
2008 
2009 	if (!has_epb)
2010 		return 0;
2011 
2012 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2013 
2014 	/* EPB is per-package */
2015 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2016 		return 0;
2017 
2018 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2019 		fprintf(stderr, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2020 		return -1;
2021 	}
2022 
2023 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS, &msr))
2024 		return 0;
2025 
2026 	switch (msr & 0xF) {
2027 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_PERFORMANCE:
2028 		epb_string = "performance";
2029 		break;
2030 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_NORMAL:
2031 		epb_string = "balanced";
2032 		break;
2033 	case ENERGY_PERF_BIAS_POWERSAVE:
2034 		epb_string = "powersave";
2035 		break;
2036 	default:
2037 		epb_string = "custom";
2038 		break;
2039 	}
2040 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: 0x%08llx (%s)\n", cpu, msr, epb_string);
2041 
2042 	return 0;
2043 }
2044 
2045 /*
2046  * print_perf_limit()
2047  */
2048 int print_perf_limit(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2049 {
2050 	unsigned long long msr;
2051 	int cpu;
2052 
2053 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2054 
2055 	/* per-package */
2056 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2057 		return 0;
2058 
2059 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2060 		fprintf(stderr, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2061 		return -1;
2062 	}
2063 
2064 	if (do_core_perf_limit_reasons) {
2065 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2066 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_CORE_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2067 		fprintf(stderr, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2068 			(msr & 1 << 15) ? "bit15, " : "",
2069 			(msr & 1 << 14) ? "bit14, " : "",
2070 			(msr & 1 << 13) ? "Transitions, " : "",
2071 			(msr & 1 << 12) ? "MultiCoreTurbo, " : "",
2072 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "",
2073 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2074 			(msr & 1 << 9) ? "CorePwr, " : "",
2075 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2076 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2077 			(msr & 1 << 5) ? "Auto-HWP, " : "",
2078 			(msr & 1 << 4) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2079 			(msr & 1 << 2) ? "bit2, " : "",
2080 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2081 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "");
2082 		fprintf(stderr, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2083 			(msr & 1 << 31) ? "bit31, " : "",
2084 			(msr & 1 << 30) ? "bit30, " : "",
2085 			(msr & 1 << 29) ? "Transitions, " : "",
2086 			(msr & 1 << 28) ? "MultiCoreTurbo, " : "",
2087 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "",
2088 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2089 			(msr & 1 << 25) ? "CorePwr, " : "",
2090 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2091 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2092 			(msr & 1 << 21) ? "Auto-HWP, " : "",
2093 			(msr & 1 << 20) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2094 			(msr & 1 << 18) ? "bit18, " : "",
2095 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2096 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "");
2097 
2098 	}
2099 	if (do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons) {
2100 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_GFX_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2101 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_GFX_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2102 		fprintf(stderr, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2103 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2104 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2105 			(msr & 1 << 4) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2106 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2107 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2108 			(msr & 1 << 9) ? "GFXPwr, " : "",
2109 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2110 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2111 		fprintf(stderr, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2112 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2113 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2114 			(msr & 1 << 20) ? "Graphics, " : "",
2115 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2116 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2117 			(msr & 1 << 25) ? "GFXPwr, " : "",
2118 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2119 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2120 	}
2121 	if (do_ring_perf_limit_reasons) {
2122 		get_msr(cpu, MSR_RING_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, &msr);
2123 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_RING_PERF_LIMIT_REASONS, 0x%08llx", cpu, msr);
2124 		fprintf(stderr, " (Active: %s%s%s%s%s%s)",
2125 			(msr & 1 << 0) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2126 			(msr & 1 << 1) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2127 			(msr & 1 << 6) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2128 			(msr & 1 << 8) ? "Amps, " : "",
2129 			(msr & 1 << 10) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2130 			(msr & 1 << 11) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2131 		fprintf(stderr, " (Logged: %s%s%s%s%s%s)\n",
2132 			(msr & 1 << 16) ? "PROCHOT, " : "",
2133 			(msr & 1 << 17) ? "ThermStatus, " : "",
2134 			(msr & 1 << 22) ? "VR-Therm, " : "",
2135 			(msr & 1 << 24) ? "Amps, " : "",
2136 			(msr & 1 << 26) ? "PkgPwrL1, " : "",
2137 			(msr & 1 << 27) ? "PkgPwrL2, " : "");
2138 	}
2139 	return 0;
2140 }
2141 
2142 #define	RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY	0x7FFF	/* 15 bit power granularity */
2143 #define	RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY	0x3F /* 6 bit time granularity */
2144 
2145 double get_tdp(model)
2146 {
2147 	unsigned long long msr;
2148 
2149 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO)
2150 		if (!get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO, &msr))
2151 			return ((msr >> 0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units;
2152 
2153 	switch (model) {
2154 	case 0x37:
2155 	case 0x4D:
2156 		return 30.0;
2157 	default:
2158 		return 135.0;
2159 	}
2160 }
2161 
2162 /*
2163  * rapl_dram_energy_units_probe()
2164  * Energy units are either hard-coded, or come from RAPL Energy Unit MSR.
2165  */
2166 static double
2167 rapl_dram_energy_units_probe(int  model, double rapl_energy_units)
2168 {
2169 	/* only called for genuine_intel, family 6 */
2170 
2171 	switch (model) {
2172 	case 0x3F:	/* HSX */
2173 	case 0x4F:	/* BDX */
2174 	case 0x56:	/* BDX-DE */
2175 	case 0x57:	/* KNL */
2176 		return (rapl_dram_energy_units = 15.3 / 1000000);
2177 	default:
2178 		return (rapl_energy_units);
2179 	}
2180 }
2181 
2182 
2183 /*
2184  * rapl_probe()
2185  *
2186  * sets do_rapl, rapl_power_units, rapl_energy_units, rapl_time_units
2187  */
2188 void rapl_probe(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2189 {
2190 	unsigned long long msr;
2191 	unsigned int time_unit;
2192 	double tdp;
2193 
2194 	if (!genuine_intel)
2195 		return;
2196 
2197 	if (family != 6)
2198 		return;
2199 
2200 	switch (model) {
2201 	case 0x2A:
2202 	case 0x3A:
2203 	case 0x3C:	/* HSW */
2204 	case 0x45:	/* HSW */
2205 	case 0x46:	/* HSW */
2206 	case 0x3D:	/* BDW */
2207 	case 0x47:	/* BDW */
2208 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES | RAPL_CORE_POLICY | RAPL_GFX | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2209 		break;
2210 	case 0x4E:	/* SKL */
2211 	case 0x5E:	/* SKL */
2212 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2213 		break;
2214 	case 0x3F:	/* HSX */
2215 	case 0x4F:	/* BDX */
2216 	case 0x56:	/* BDX-DE */
2217 	case 0x57:	/* KNL */
2218 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2219 		break;
2220 	case 0x2D:
2221 	case 0x3E:
2222 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES | RAPL_CORE_POLICY | RAPL_DRAM | RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO | RAPL_PKG_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_DRAM_PERF_STATUS | RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO;
2223 		break;
2224 	case 0x37:	/* BYT */
2225 	case 0x4D:	/* AVN */
2226 		do_rapl = RAPL_PKG | RAPL_CORES ;
2227 		break;
2228 	default:
2229 		return;
2230 	}
2231 
2232 	/* units on package 0, verify later other packages match */
2233 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, &msr))
2234 		return;
2235 
2236 	rapl_power_units = 1.0 / (1 << (msr & 0xF));
2237 	if (model == 0x37)
2238 		rapl_energy_units = 1.0 * (1 << (msr >> 8 & 0x1F)) / 1000000;
2239 	else
2240 		rapl_energy_units = 1.0 / (1 << (msr >> 8 & 0x1F));
2241 
2242 	rapl_dram_energy_units = rapl_dram_energy_units_probe(model, rapl_energy_units);
2243 
2244 	time_unit = msr >> 16 & 0xF;
2245 	if (time_unit == 0)
2246 		time_unit = 0xA;
2247 
2248 	rapl_time_units = 1.0 / (1 << (time_unit));
2249 
2250 	tdp = get_tdp(model);
2251 
2252 	rapl_joule_counter_range = 0xFFFFFFFF * rapl_energy_units / tdp;
2253 	if (debug)
2254 		fprintf(stderr, "RAPL: %.0f sec. Joule Counter Range, at %.0f Watts\n", rapl_joule_counter_range, tdp);
2255 
2256 	return;
2257 }
2258 
2259 void perf_limit_reasons_probe(family, model)
2260 {
2261 	if (!genuine_intel)
2262 		return;
2263 
2264 	if (family != 6)
2265 		return;
2266 
2267 	switch (model) {
2268 	case 0x3C:	/* HSW */
2269 	case 0x45:	/* HSW */
2270 	case 0x46:	/* HSW */
2271 		do_gfx_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
2272 	case 0x3F:	/* HSX */
2273 		do_core_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
2274 		do_ring_perf_limit_reasons = 1;
2275 	default:
2276 		return;
2277 	}
2278 }
2279 
2280 int print_thermal(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2281 {
2282 	unsigned long long msr;
2283 	unsigned int dts;
2284 	int cpu;
2285 
2286 	if (!(do_dts || do_ptm))
2287 		return 0;
2288 
2289 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2290 
2291 	/* DTS is per-core, no need to print for each thread */
2292 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
2293 		return 0;
2294 
2295 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2296 		fprintf(stderr, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2297 		return -1;
2298 	}
2299 
2300 	if (do_ptm && (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE)) {
2301 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
2302 			return 0;
2303 
2304 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
2305 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_STATUS: 0x%08llx (%d C)\n",
2306 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts);
2307 
2308 #ifdef	THERM_DEBUG
2309 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT, &msr))
2310 			return 0;
2311 
2312 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
2313 		dts2 = (msr >> 8) & 0x7F;
2314 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT: 0x%08llx (%d C, %d C)\n",
2315 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, tcc_activation_temp - dts2);
2316 #endif
2317 	}
2318 
2319 
2320 	if (do_dts) {
2321 		unsigned int resolution;
2322 
2323 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS, &msr))
2324 			return 0;
2325 
2326 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
2327 		resolution = (msr >> 27) & 0xF;
2328 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_THERM_STATUS: 0x%08llx (%d C +/- %d)\n",
2329 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, resolution);
2330 
2331 #ifdef THERM_DEBUG
2332 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_IA32_THERM_INTERRUPT, &msr))
2333 			return 0;
2334 
2335 		dts = (msr >> 16) & 0x7F;
2336 		dts2 = (msr >> 8) & 0x7F;
2337 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_THERM_INTERRUPT: 0x%08llx (%d C, %d C)\n",
2338 			cpu, msr, tcc_activation_temp - dts, tcc_activation_temp - dts2);
2339 #endif
2340 	}
2341 
2342 	return 0;
2343 }
2344 
2345 void print_power_limit_msr(int cpu, unsigned long long msr, char *label)
2346 {
2347 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: %s: %sabled (%f Watts, %f sec, clamp %sabled)\n",
2348 		cpu, label,
2349 		((msr >> 15) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS",
2350 		((msr >> 0) & 0x7FFF) * rapl_power_units,
2351 		(1.0 + (((msr >> 22) & 0x3)/4.0)) * (1 << ((msr >> 17) & 0x1F)) * rapl_time_units,
2352 		(((msr >> 16) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS"));
2353 
2354 	return;
2355 }
2356 
2357 int print_rapl(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2358 {
2359 	unsigned long long msr;
2360 	int cpu;
2361 
2362 	if (!do_rapl)
2363 		return 0;
2364 
2365 	/* RAPL counters are per package, so print only for 1st thread/package */
2366 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2367 		return 0;
2368 
2369 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2370 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2371 		fprintf(stderr, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2372 		return -1;
2373 	}
2374 
2375 	if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, &msr))
2376 		return -1;
2377 
2378 	if (debug) {
2379 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT: 0x%08llx "
2380 			"(%f Watts, %f Joules, %f sec.)\n", cpu, msr,
2381 			rapl_power_units, rapl_energy_units, rapl_time_units);
2382 	}
2383 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG_POWER_INFO) {
2384 
2385 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO, &msr))
2386                 	return -5;
2387 
2388 
2389 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO: 0x%08llx (%.0f W TDP, RAPL %.0f - %.0f W, %f sec.)\n",
2390 			cpu, msr,
2391 			((msr >>  0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
2392 			((msr >> 16) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
2393 			((msr >> 32) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
2394 			((msr >> 48) & RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY) * rapl_time_units);
2395 
2396 	}
2397 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_PKG) {
2398 
2399 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
2400 			return -9;
2401 
2402 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
2403 			cpu, msr, (msr >> 63) & 1 ? "": "UN");
2404 
2405 		print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "PKG Limit #1");
2406 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: PKG Limit #2: %sabled (%f Watts, %f* sec, clamp %sabled)\n",
2407 			cpu,
2408 			((msr >> 47) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS",
2409 			((msr >> 32) & 0x7FFF) * rapl_power_units,
2410 			(1.0 + (((msr >> 54) & 0x3)/4.0)) * (1 << ((msr >> 49) & 0x1F)) * rapl_time_units,
2411 			((msr >> 48) & 1) ? "EN" : "DIS");
2412 	}
2413 
2414 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM_POWER_INFO) {
2415 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO, &msr))
2416                 	return -6;
2417 
2418 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO,: 0x%08llx (%.0f W TDP, RAPL %.0f - %.0f W, %f sec.)\n",
2419 			cpu, msr,
2420 			((msr >>  0) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
2421 			((msr >> 16) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
2422 			((msr >> 32) & RAPL_POWER_GRANULARITY) * rapl_power_units,
2423 			((msr >> 48) & RAPL_TIME_GRANULARITY) * rapl_time_units);
2424 	}
2425 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_DRAM) {
2426 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
2427 			return -9;
2428 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
2429 				cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
2430 
2431 		print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "DRAM Limit");
2432 	}
2433 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORE_POLICY) {
2434 		if (debug) {
2435 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_POLICY, &msr))
2436 				return -7;
2437 
2438 			fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_PP0_POLICY: %lld\n", cpu, msr & 0xF);
2439 		}
2440 	}
2441 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_CORES) {
2442 		if (debug) {
2443 
2444 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
2445 				return -9;
2446 			fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
2447 					cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
2448 			print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "Cores Limit");
2449 		}
2450 	}
2451 	if (do_rapl & RAPL_GFX) {
2452 		if (debug) {
2453 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_POLICY, &msr))
2454 				return -8;
2455 
2456 			fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_PP1_POLICY: %lld\n", cpu, msr & 0xF);
2457 
2458 			if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT, &msr))
2459 				return -9;
2460 			fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT: 0x%08llx (%slocked)\n",
2461 					cpu, msr, (msr >> 31) & 1 ? "": "UN");
2462 			print_power_limit_msr(cpu, msr, "GFX Limit");
2463 		}
2464 	}
2465 	return 0;
2466 }
2467 
2468 /*
2469  * SNB adds support for additional MSRs:
2470  *
2471  * MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY            0x000003fa
2472  * MSR_CORE_C7_RESIDENCY           0x000003fe
2473  * MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY            0x0000060d
2474  */
2475 
2476 int has_snb_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2477 {
2478 	if (!genuine_intel)
2479 		return 0;
2480 
2481 	switch (model) {
2482 	case 0x2A:
2483 	case 0x2D:
2484 	case 0x3A:	/* IVB */
2485 	case 0x3E:	/* IVB Xeon */
2486 	case 0x3C:	/* HSW */
2487 	case 0x3F:	/* HSW */
2488 	case 0x45:	/* HSW */
2489 	case 0x46:	/* HSW */
2490 	case 0x3D:	/* BDW */
2491 	case 0x47:	/* BDW */
2492 	case 0x4F:	/* BDX */
2493 	case 0x56:	/* BDX-DE */
2494 	case 0x4E:	/* SKL */
2495 	case 0x5E:	/* SKL */
2496 		return 1;
2497 	}
2498 	return 0;
2499 }
2500 
2501 /*
2502  * HSW adds support for additional MSRs:
2503  *
2504  * MSR_PKG_C8_RESIDENCY            0x00000630
2505  * MSR_PKG_C9_RESIDENCY            0x00000631
2506  * MSR_PKG_C10_RESIDENCY           0x00000632
2507  */
2508 int has_hsw_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2509 {
2510 	if (!genuine_intel)
2511 		return 0;
2512 
2513 	switch (model) {
2514 	case 0x45:	/* HSW */
2515 	case 0x3D:	/* BDW */
2516 	case 0x4E:	/* SKL */
2517 	case 0x5E:	/* SKL */
2518 		return 1;
2519 	}
2520 	return 0;
2521 }
2522 
2523 /*
2524  * SKL adds support for additional MSRS:
2525  *
2526  * MSR_PKG_WEIGHTED_CORE_C0_RES    0x00000658
2527  * MSR_PKG_ANY_CORE_C0_RES         0x00000659
2528  * MSR_PKG_ANY_GFXE_C0_RES         0x0000065A
2529  * MSR_PKG_BOTH_CORE_GFXE_C0_RES   0x0000065B
2530  */
2531 int has_skl_msrs(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2532 {
2533 	if (!genuine_intel)
2534 		return 0;
2535 
2536 	switch (model) {
2537 	case 0x4E:	/* SKL */
2538 	case 0x5E:	/* SKL */
2539 		return 1;
2540 	}
2541 	return 0;
2542 }
2543 
2544 
2545 
2546 int is_slm(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2547 {
2548 	if (!genuine_intel)
2549 		return 0;
2550 	switch (model) {
2551 	case 0x37:	/* BYT */
2552 	case 0x4D:	/* AVN */
2553 		return 1;
2554 	}
2555 	return 0;
2556 }
2557 
2558 int is_knl(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2559 {
2560 	if (!genuine_intel)
2561 		return 0;
2562 	switch (model) {
2563 	case 0x57:	/* KNL */
2564 		return 1;
2565 	}
2566 	return 0;
2567 }
2568 
2569 unsigned int get_aperf_mperf_multiplier(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2570 {
2571 	if (is_knl(family, model))
2572 		return 1024;
2573 	return 1;
2574 }
2575 
2576 #define SLM_BCLK_FREQS 5
2577 double slm_freq_table[SLM_BCLK_FREQS] = { 83.3, 100.0, 133.3, 116.7, 80.0};
2578 
2579 double slm_bclk(void)
2580 {
2581 	unsigned long long msr = 3;
2582 	unsigned int i;
2583 	double freq;
2584 
2585 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_FSB_FREQ, &msr))
2586 		fprintf(stderr, "SLM BCLK: unknown\n");
2587 
2588 	i = msr & 0xf;
2589 	if (i >= SLM_BCLK_FREQS) {
2590 		fprintf(stderr, "SLM BCLK[%d] invalid\n", i);
2591 		msr = 3;
2592 	}
2593 	freq = slm_freq_table[i];
2594 
2595 	fprintf(stderr, "SLM BCLK: %.1f Mhz\n", freq);
2596 
2597 	return freq;
2598 }
2599 
2600 double discover_bclk(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
2601 {
2602 	if (has_snb_msrs(family, model))
2603 		return 100.00;
2604 	else if (is_slm(family, model))
2605 		return slm_bclk();
2606 	else
2607 		return 133.33;
2608 }
2609 
2610 /*
2611  * MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET indicates the temperature where
2612  * the Thermal Control Circuit (TCC) activates.
2613  * This is usually equal to tjMax.
2614  *
2615  * Older processors do not have this MSR, so there we guess,
2616  * but also allow cmdline over-ride with -T.
2617  *
2618  * Several MSR temperature values are in units of degrees-C
2619  * below this value, including the Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS),
2620  * Package Thermal Management Sensor (PTM), and thermal event thresholds.
2621  */
2622 int set_temperature_target(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
2623 {
2624 	unsigned long long msr;
2625 	unsigned int target_c_local;
2626 	int cpu;
2627 
2628 	/* tcc_activation_temp is used only for dts or ptm */
2629 	if (!(do_dts || do_ptm))
2630 		return 0;
2631 
2632 	/* this is a per-package concept */
2633 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE) || !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
2634 		return 0;
2635 
2636 	cpu = t->cpu_id;
2637 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu)) {
2638 		fprintf(stderr, "Could not migrate to CPU %d\n", cpu);
2639 		return -1;
2640 	}
2641 
2642 	if (tcc_activation_temp_override != 0) {
2643 		tcc_activation_temp = tcc_activation_temp_override;
2644 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: Using cmdline TCC Target (%d C)\n",
2645 			cpu, tcc_activation_temp);
2646 		return 0;
2647 	}
2648 
2649 	/* Temperature Target MSR is Nehalem and newer only */
2650 	if (!do_nhm_platform_info)
2651 		goto guess;
2652 
2653 	if (get_msr(base_cpu, MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET, &msr))
2654 		goto guess;
2655 
2656 	target_c_local = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
2657 
2658 	if (debug)
2659 		fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: MSR_IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET: 0x%08llx (%d C)\n",
2660 			cpu, msr, target_c_local);
2661 
2662 	if (!target_c_local)
2663 		goto guess;
2664 
2665 	tcc_activation_temp = target_c_local;
2666 
2667 	return 0;
2668 
2669 guess:
2670 	tcc_activation_temp = TJMAX_DEFAULT;
2671 	fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d: Guessing tjMax %d C, Please use -T to specify\n",
2672 		cpu, tcc_activation_temp);
2673 
2674 	return 0;
2675 }
2676 void process_cpuid()
2677 {
2678 	unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx, max_level;
2679 	unsigned int fms, family, model, stepping;
2680 
2681 	eax = ebx = ecx = edx = 0;
2682 
2683 	__get_cpuid(0, &max_level, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
2684 
2685 	if (ebx == 0x756e6547 && edx == 0x49656e69 && ecx == 0x6c65746e)
2686 		genuine_intel = 1;
2687 
2688 	if (debug)
2689 		fprintf(stderr, "CPUID(0): %.4s%.4s%.4s ",
2690 			(char *)&ebx, (char *)&edx, (char *)&ecx);
2691 
2692 	__get_cpuid(1, &fms, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
2693 	family = (fms >> 8) & 0xf;
2694 	model = (fms >> 4) & 0xf;
2695 	stepping = fms & 0xf;
2696 	if (family == 6 || family == 0xf)
2697 		model += ((fms >> 16) & 0xf) << 4;
2698 
2699 	if (debug)
2700 		fprintf(stderr, "%d CPUID levels; family:model:stepping 0x%x:%x:%x (%d:%d:%d)\n",
2701 			max_level, family, model, stepping, family, model, stepping);
2702 
2703 	if (!(edx & (1 << 5)))
2704 		errx(1, "CPUID: no MSR");
2705 
2706 	/*
2707 	 * check max extended function levels of CPUID.
2708 	 * This is needed to check for invariant TSC.
2709 	 * This check is valid for both Intel and AMD.
2710 	 */
2711 	ebx = ecx = edx = 0;
2712 	__get_cpuid(0x80000000, &max_level, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
2713 
2714 	if (max_level >= 0x80000007) {
2715 
2716 		/*
2717 		 * Non-Stop TSC is advertised by CPUID.EAX=0x80000007: EDX.bit8
2718 		 * this check is valid for both Intel and AMD
2719 		 */
2720 		__get_cpuid(0x80000007, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
2721 		has_invariant_tsc = edx & (1 << 8);
2722 	}
2723 
2724 	/*
2725 	 * APERF/MPERF is advertised by CPUID.EAX=0x6: ECX.bit0
2726 	 * this check is valid for both Intel and AMD
2727 	 */
2728 
2729 	__get_cpuid(0x6, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
2730 	has_aperf = ecx & (1 << 0);
2731 	do_dts = eax & (1 << 0);
2732 	do_ptm = eax & (1 << 6);
2733 	has_epb = ecx & (1 << 3);
2734 
2735 	if (debug)
2736 		fprintf(stderr, "CPUID(6): %sAPERF, %sDTS, %sPTM, %sEPB\n",
2737 			has_aperf ? "" : "No ",
2738 			do_dts ? "" : "No ",
2739 			do_ptm ? "" : "No ",
2740 			has_epb ? "" : "No ");
2741 
2742 	if (max_level > 0x15) {
2743 		unsigned int eax_crystal;
2744 		unsigned int ebx_tsc;
2745 
2746 		/*
2747 		 * CPUID 15H TSC/Crystal ratio, possibly Crystal Hz
2748 		 */
2749 		eax_crystal = ebx_tsc = crystal_hz = edx = 0;
2750 		__get_cpuid(0x15, &eax_crystal, &ebx_tsc, &crystal_hz, &edx);
2751 
2752 		if (ebx_tsc != 0) {
2753 
2754 			if (debug && (ebx != 0))
2755 				fprintf(stderr, "CPUID(0x15): eax_crystal: %d ebx_tsc: %d ecx_crystal_hz: %d\n",
2756 					eax_crystal, ebx_tsc, crystal_hz);
2757 
2758 			if (crystal_hz == 0)
2759 				switch(model) {
2760 				case 0x4E:	/* SKL */
2761 				case 0x5E:	/* SKL */
2762 					crystal_hz = 24000000;	/* 24 MHz */
2763 					break;
2764 				default:
2765 					crystal_hz = 0;
2766 			}
2767 
2768 			if (crystal_hz) {
2769 				tsc_hz =  (unsigned long long) crystal_hz * ebx_tsc / eax_crystal;
2770 				if (debug)
2771 					fprintf(stderr, "TSC: %lld MHz (%d Hz * %d / %d / 1000000)\n",
2772 						tsc_hz / 1000000, crystal_hz, ebx_tsc,  eax_crystal);
2773 			}
2774 		}
2775 	}
2776 
2777 	if (has_aperf)
2778 		aperf_mperf_multiplier = get_aperf_mperf_multiplier(family, model);
2779 
2780 	do_nhm_platform_info = do_nhm_cstates = do_smi = probe_nhm_msrs(family, model);
2781 	do_snb_cstates = has_snb_msrs(family, model);
2782 	do_pc2 = do_snb_cstates && (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__2);
2783 	do_pc3 = (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__3);
2784 	do_pc6 = (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__6);
2785 	do_pc7 = do_snb_cstates && (pkg_cstate_limit >= PCL__7);
2786 	do_c8_c9_c10 = has_hsw_msrs(family, model);
2787 	do_skl_residency = has_skl_msrs(family, model);
2788 	do_slm_cstates = is_slm(family, model);
2789 	do_knl_cstates  = is_knl(family, model);
2790 
2791 	rapl_probe(family, model);
2792 	perf_limit_reasons_probe(family, model);
2793 
2794 	if (debug)
2795 		dump_cstate_pstate_config_info();
2796 
2797 	if (has_skl_msrs(family, model))
2798 		calculate_tsc_tweak();
2799 
2800 	return;
2801 }
2802 
2803 void help()
2804 {
2805 	fprintf(stderr,
2806 	"Usage: turbostat [OPTIONS][(--interval seconds) | COMMAND ...]\n"
2807 	"\n"
2808 	"Turbostat forks the specified COMMAND and prints statistics\n"
2809 	"when COMMAND completes.\n"
2810 	"If no COMMAND is specified, turbostat wakes every 5-seconds\n"
2811 	"to print statistics, until interrupted.\n"
2812 	"--debug	run in \"debug\" mode\n"
2813 	"--interval sec	Override default 5-second measurement interval\n"
2814 	"--help		print this help message\n"
2815 	"--counter msr	print 32-bit counter at address \"msr\"\n"
2816 	"--Counter msr	print 64-bit Counter at address \"msr\"\n"
2817 	"--msr msr	print 32-bit value at address \"msr\"\n"
2818 	"--MSR msr	print 64-bit Value at address \"msr\"\n"
2819 	"--version	print version information\n"
2820 	"\n"
2821 	"For more help, run \"man turbostat\"\n");
2822 }
2823 
2824 
2825 /*
2826  * in /dev/cpu/ return success for names that are numbers
2827  * ie. filter out ".", "..", "microcode".
2828  */
2829 int dir_filter(const struct dirent *dirp)
2830 {
2831 	if (isdigit(dirp->d_name[0]))
2832 		return 1;
2833 	else
2834 		return 0;
2835 }
2836 
2837 int open_dev_cpu_msr(int dummy1)
2838 {
2839 	return 0;
2840 }
2841 
2842 void topology_probe()
2843 {
2844 	int i;
2845 	int max_core_id = 0;
2846 	int max_package_id = 0;
2847 	int max_siblings = 0;
2848 	struct cpu_topology {
2849 		int core_id;
2850 		int physical_package_id;
2851 	} *cpus;
2852 
2853 	/* Initialize num_cpus, max_cpu_num */
2854 	topo.num_cpus = 0;
2855 	topo.max_cpu_num = 0;
2856 	for_all_proc_cpus(count_cpus);
2857 	if (!summary_only && topo.num_cpus > 1)
2858 		show_cpu = 1;
2859 
2860 	if (debug > 1)
2861 		fprintf(stderr, "num_cpus %d max_cpu_num %d\n", topo.num_cpus, topo.max_cpu_num);
2862 
2863 	cpus = calloc(1, (topo.max_cpu_num  + 1) * sizeof(struct cpu_topology));
2864 	if (cpus == NULL)
2865 		err(1, "calloc cpus");
2866 
2867 	/*
2868 	 * Allocate and initialize cpu_present_set
2869 	 */
2870 	cpu_present_set = CPU_ALLOC((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
2871 	if (cpu_present_set == NULL)
2872 		err(3, "CPU_ALLOC");
2873 	cpu_present_setsize = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
2874 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
2875 	for_all_proc_cpus(mark_cpu_present);
2876 
2877 	/*
2878 	 * Allocate and initialize cpu_affinity_set
2879 	 */
2880 	cpu_affinity_set = CPU_ALLOC((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
2881 	if (cpu_affinity_set == NULL)
2882 		err(3, "CPU_ALLOC");
2883 	cpu_affinity_setsize = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
2884 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
2885 
2886 
2887 	/*
2888 	 * For online cpus
2889 	 * find max_core_id, max_package_id
2890 	 */
2891 	for (i = 0; i <= topo.max_cpu_num; ++i) {
2892 		int siblings;
2893 
2894 		if (cpu_is_not_present(i)) {
2895 			if (debug > 1)
2896 				fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d NOT PRESENT\n", i);
2897 			continue;
2898 		}
2899 		cpus[i].core_id = get_core_id(i);
2900 		if (cpus[i].core_id > max_core_id)
2901 			max_core_id = cpus[i].core_id;
2902 
2903 		cpus[i].physical_package_id = get_physical_package_id(i);
2904 		if (cpus[i].physical_package_id > max_package_id)
2905 			max_package_id = cpus[i].physical_package_id;
2906 
2907 		siblings = get_num_ht_siblings(i);
2908 		if (siblings > max_siblings)
2909 			max_siblings = siblings;
2910 		if (debug > 1)
2911 			fprintf(stderr, "cpu %d pkg %d core %d\n",
2912 				i, cpus[i].physical_package_id, cpus[i].core_id);
2913 	}
2914 	topo.num_cores_per_pkg = max_core_id + 1;
2915 	if (debug > 1)
2916 		fprintf(stderr, "max_core_id %d, sizing for %d cores per package\n",
2917 			max_core_id, topo.num_cores_per_pkg);
2918 	if (debug && !summary_only && topo.num_cores_per_pkg > 1)
2919 		show_core = 1;
2920 
2921 	topo.num_packages = max_package_id + 1;
2922 	if (debug > 1)
2923 		fprintf(stderr, "max_package_id %d, sizing for %d packages\n",
2924 			max_package_id, topo.num_packages);
2925 	if (debug && !summary_only && topo.num_packages > 1)
2926 		show_pkg = 1;
2927 
2928 	topo.num_threads_per_core = max_siblings;
2929 	if (debug > 1)
2930 		fprintf(stderr, "max_siblings %d\n", max_siblings);
2931 
2932 	free(cpus);
2933 }
2934 
2935 void
2936 allocate_counters(struct thread_data **t, struct core_data **c, struct pkg_data **p)
2937 {
2938 	int i;
2939 
2940 	*t = calloc(topo.num_threads_per_core * topo.num_cores_per_pkg *
2941 		topo.num_packages, sizeof(struct thread_data));
2942 	if (*t == NULL)
2943 		goto error;
2944 
2945 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_threads_per_core *
2946 		topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages; i++)
2947 		(*t)[i].cpu_id = -1;
2948 
2949 	*c = calloc(topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages,
2950 		sizeof(struct core_data));
2951 	if (*c == NULL)
2952 		goto error;
2953 
2954 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages; i++)
2955 		(*c)[i].core_id = -1;
2956 
2957 	*p = calloc(topo.num_packages, sizeof(struct pkg_data));
2958 	if (*p == NULL)
2959 		goto error;
2960 
2961 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_packages; i++)
2962 		(*p)[i].package_id = i;
2963 
2964 	return;
2965 error:
2966 	err(1, "calloc counters");
2967 }
2968 /*
2969  * init_counter()
2970  *
2971  * set cpu_id, core_num, pkg_num
2972  * set FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE and FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE
2973  *
2974  * increment topo.num_cores when 1st core in pkg seen
2975  */
2976 void init_counter(struct thread_data *thread_base, struct core_data *core_base,
2977 	struct pkg_data *pkg_base, int thread_num, int core_num,
2978 	int pkg_num, int cpu_id)
2979 {
2980 	struct thread_data *t;
2981 	struct core_data *c;
2982 	struct pkg_data *p;
2983 
2984 	t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_num, core_num, pkg_num);
2985 	c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_num, pkg_num);
2986 	p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_num);
2987 
2988 	t->cpu_id = cpu_id;
2989 	if (thread_num == 0) {
2990 		t->flags |= CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE;
2991 		if (cpu_is_first_core_in_package(cpu_id))
2992 			t->flags |= CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE;
2993 	}
2994 
2995 	c->core_id = core_num;
2996 	p->package_id = pkg_num;
2997 }
2998 
2999 
3000 int initialize_counters(int cpu_id)
3001 {
3002 	int my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id;
3003 
3004 	my_package_id = get_physical_package_id(cpu_id);
3005 	my_core_id = get_core_id(cpu_id);
3006 	my_thread_id = get_cpu_position_in_core(cpu_id);
3007 	if (!my_thread_id)
3008 		topo.num_cores++;
3009 
3010 	init_counter(EVEN_COUNTERS, my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id, cpu_id);
3011 	init_counter(ODD_COUNTERS, my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id, cpu_id);
3012 	return 0;
3013 }
3014 
3015 void allocate_output_buffer()
3016 {
3017 	output_buffer = calloc(1, (1 + topo.num_cpus) * 1024);
3018 	outp = output_buffer;
3019 	if (outp == NULL)
3020 		err(-1, "calloc output buffer");
3021 }
3022 
3023 void setup_all_buffers(void)
3024 {
3025 	topology_probe();
3026 	allocate_counters(&thread_even, &core_even, &package_even);
3027 	allocate_counters(&thread_odd, &core_odd, &package_odd);
3028 	allocate_output_buffer();
3029 	for_all_proc_cpus(initialize_counters);
3030 }
3031 
3032 void set_base_cpu(void)
3033 {
3034 	base_cpu = sched_getcpu();
3035 	if (base_cpu < 0)
3036 		err(-ENODEV, "No valid cpus found");
3037 
3038 	if (debug > 1)
3039 		fprintf(stderr, "base_cpu = %d\n", base_cpu);
3040 }
3041 
3042 void turbostat_init()
3043 {
3044 	setup_all_buffers();
3045 	set_base_cpu();
3046 	check_dev_msr();
3047 	check_permissions();
3048 	process_cpuid();
3049 
3050 
3051 	if (debug)
3052 		for_all_cpus(print_epb, ODD_COUNTERS);
3053 
3054 	if (debug)
3055 		for_all_cpus(print_perf_limit, ODD_COUNTERS);
3056 
3057 	if (debug)
3058 		for_all_cpus(print_rapl, ODD_COUNTERS);
3059 
3060 	for_all_cpus(set_temperature_target, ODD_COUNTERS);
3061 
3062 	if (debug)
3063 		for_all_cpus(print_thermal, ODD_COUNTERS);
3064 }
3065 
3066 int fork_it(char **argv)
3067 {
3068 	pid_t child_pid;
3069 	int status;
3070 
3071 	status = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
3072 	if (status)
3073 		exit(status);
3074 	/* clear affinity side-effect of get_counters() */
3075 	sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
3076 	gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
3077 
3078 	child_pid = fork();
3079 	if (!child_pid) {
3080 		/* child */
3081 		execvp(argv[0], argv);
3082 	} else {
3083 
3084 		/* parent */
3085 		if (child_pid == -1)
3086 			err(1, "fork");
3087 
3088 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
3089 		signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
3090 		if (waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0) == -1)
3091 			err(status, "waitpid");
3092 	}
3093 	/*
3094 	 * n.b. fork_it() does not check for errors from for_all_cpus()
3095 	 * because re-starting is problematic when forking
3096 	 */
3097 	for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
3098 	gettimeofday(&tv_odd, (struct timezone *)NULL);
3099 	timersub(&tv_odd, &tv_even, &tv_delta);
3100 	for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, ODD_COUNTERS, EVEN_COUNTERS);
3101 	compute_average(EVEN_COUNTERS);
3102 	format_all_counters(EVEN_COUNTERS);
3103 	flush_stderr();
3104 
3105 	fprintf(stderr, "%.6f sec\n", tv_delta.tv_sec + tv_delta.tv_usec/1000000.0);
3106 
3107 	return status;
3108 }
3109 
3110 int get_and_dump_counters(void)
3111 {
3112 	int status;
3113 
3114 	status = for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
3115 	if (status)
3116 		return status;
3117 
3118 	status = for_all_cpus(dump_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
3119 	if (status)
3120 		return status;
3121 
3122 	flush_stdout();
3123 
3124 	return status;
3125 }
3126 
3127 void print_version() {
3128 	fprintf(stderr, "turbostat version 4.8 26-Sep, 2015"
3129 		" - Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>\n");
3130 }
3131 
3132 void cmdline(int argc, char **argv)
3133 {
3134 	int opt;
3135 	int option_index = 0;
3136 	static struct option long_options[] = {
3137 		{"Counter",	required_argument,	0, 'C'},
3138 		{"counter",	required_argument,	0, 'c'},
3139 		{"Dump",	no_argument,		0, 'D'},
3140 		{"debug",	no_argument,		0, 'd'},
3141 		{"interval",	required_argument,	0, 'i'},
3142 		{"help",	no_argument,		0, 'h'},
3143 		{"Joules",	no_argument,		0, 'J'},
3144 		{"MSR",		required_argument,	0, 'M'},
3145 		{"msr",		required_argument,	0, 'm'},
3146 		{"Package",	no_argument,		0, 'p'},
3147 		{"processor",	no_argument,		0, 'p'},
3148 		{"Summary",	no_argument,		0, 'S'},
3149 		{"TCC",		required_argument,	0, 'T'},
3150 		{"version",	no_argument,		0, 'v' },
3151 		{0,		0,			0,  0 }
3152 	};
3153 
3154 	progname = argv[0];
3155 
3156 	while ((opt = getopt_long_only(argc, argv, "+C:c:Ddhi:JM:m:PpST:v",
3157 				long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
3158 		switch (opt) {
3159 		case 'C':
3160 			sscanf(optarg, "%x", &extra_delta_offset64);
3161 			break;
3162 		case 'c':
3163 			sscanf(optarg, "%x", &extra_delta_offset32);
3164 			break;
3165 		case 'D':
3166 			dump_only++;
3167 			break;
3168 		case 'd':
3169 			debug++;
3170 			break;
3171 		case 'h':
3172 		default:
3173 			help();
3174 			exit(1);
3175 		case 'i':
3176 			interval_sec = atoi(optarg);
3177 			break;
3178 		case 'J':
3179 			rapl_joules++;
3180 			break;
3181 		case 'M':
3182 			sscanf(optarg, "%x", &extra_msr_offset64);
3183 			break;
3184 		case 'm':
3185 			sscanf(optarg, "%x", &extra_msr_offset32);
3186 			break;
3187 		case 'P':
3188 			show_pkg_only++;
3189 			break;
3190 		case 'p':
3191 			show_core_only++;
3192 			break;
3193 		case 'S':
3194 			summary_only++;
3195 			break;
3196 		case 'T':
3197 			tcc_activation_temp_override = atoi(optarg);
3198 			break;
3199 		case 'v':
3200 			print_version();
3201 			exit(0);
3202 			break;
3203 		}
3204 	}
3205 }
3206 
3207 int main(int argc, char **argv)
3208 {
3209 	cmdline(argc, argv);
3210 
3211 	if (debug)
3212 		print_version();
3213 
3214 	turbostat_init();
3215 
3216 	/* dump counters and exit */
3217 	if (dump_only)
3218 		return get_and_dump_counters();
3219 
3220 	/*
3221 	 * if any params left, it must be a command to fork
3222 	 */
3223 	if (argc - optind)
3224 		return fork_it(argv + optind);
3225 	else
3226 		turbostat_loop();
3227 
3228 	return 0;
3229 }
3230