xref: /openbmc/linux/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c (revision d3741027)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
2 /* Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Netronome Systems, Inc. */
3 
4 #define _GNU_SOURCE
5 #include <errno.h>
6 #include <fcntl.h>
7 #include <signal.h>
8 #include <stdarg.h>
9 #include <stdio.h>
10 #include <stdlib.h>
11 #include <string.h>
12 #include <time.h>
13 #include <unistd.h>
14 #include <net/if.h>
15 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
16 #include <sys/types.h>
17 #include <sys/stat.h>
18 #include <sys/syscall.h>
19 #include <dirent.h>
20 
21 #include <linux/err.h>
22 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
23 #include <linux/sizes.h>
24 
25 #include <bpf/bpf.h>
26 #include <bpf/btf.h>
27 #include <bpf/hashmap.h>
28 #include <bpf/libbpf.h>
29 #include <bpf/libbpf_internal.h>
30 #include <bpf/skel_internal.h>
31 
32 #include "cfg.h"
33 #include "main.h"
34 #include "xlated_dumper.h"
35 
36 #define BPF_METADATA_PREFIX "bpf_metadata_"
37 #define BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN (sizeof(BPF_METADATA_PREFIX) - 1)
38 
39 const char * const prog_type_name[] = {
40 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC]			= "unspec",
41 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER]		= "socket_filter",
42 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE]			= "kprobe",
43 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS]		= "sched_cls",
44 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT]		= "sched_act",
45 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT]		= "tracepoint",
46 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP]			= "xdp",
47 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT]		= "perf_event",
48 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB]		= "cgroup_skb",
49 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK]		= "cgroup_sock",
50 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN]			= "lwt_in",
51 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT]			= "lwt_out",
52 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT]		= "lwt_xmit",
53 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS]		= "sock_ops",
54 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB]			= "sk_skb",
55 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE]		= "cgroup_device",
56 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG]			= "sk_msg",
57 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT]		= "raw_tracepoint",
58 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR]	= "cgroup_sock_addr",
59 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL]		= "lwt_seg6local",
60 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2]		= "lirc_mode2",
61 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_REUSEPORT]		= "sk_reuseport",
62 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR]		= "flow_dissector",
63 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL]		= "cgroup_sysctl",
64 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE]	= "raw_tracepoint_writable",
65 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT]		= "cgroup_sockopt",
66 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING]			= "tracing",
67 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS]		= "struct_ops",
68 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT]			= "ext",
69 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM]			= "lsm",
70 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP]		= "sk_lookup",
71 	[BPF_PROG_TYPE_SYSCALL]			= "syscall",
72 };
73 
74 const size_t prog_type_name_size = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_type_name);
75 
76 enum dump_mode {
77 	DUMP_JITED,
78 	DUMP_XLATED,
79 };
80 
81 static const char * const attach_type_strings[] = {
82 	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER] = "stream_parser",
83 	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT] = "stream_verdict",
84 	[BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT] = "skb_verdict",
85 	[BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT] = "msg_verdict",
86 	[BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR] = "flow_dissector",
87 	[__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE] = NULL,
88 };
89 
90 static struct hashmap *prog_table;
91 
92 static enum bpf_attach_type parse_attach_type(const char *str)
93 {
94 	enum bpf_attach_type type;
95 
96 	for (type = 0; type < __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE; type++) {
97 		if (attach_type_strings[type] &&
98 		    is_prefix(str, attach_type_strings[type]))
99 			return type;
100 	}
101 
102 	return __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE;
103 }
104 
105 static int prep_prog_info(struct bpf_prog_info *const info, enum dump_mode mode,
106 			  void **info_data, size_t *const info_data_sz)
107 {
108 	struct bpf_prog_info holder = {};
109 	size_t needed = 0;
110 	void *ptr;
111 
112 	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
113 		holder.jited_prog_len = info->jited_prog_len;
114 		needed += info->jited_prog_len;
115 	} else {
116 		holder.xlated_prog_len = info->xlated_prog_len;
117 		needed += info->xlated_prog_len;
118 	}
119 
120 	holder.nr_jited_ksyms = info->nr_jited_ksyms;
121 	needed += info->nr_jited_ksyms * sizeof(__u64);
122 
123 	holder.nr_jited_func_lens = info->nr_jited_func_lens;
124 	needed += info->nr_jited_func_lens * sizeof(__u32);
125 
126 	holder.nr_func_info = info->nr_func_info;
127 	holder.func_info_rec_size = info->func_info_rec_size;
128 	needed += info->nr_func_info * info->func_info_rec_size;
129 
130 	holder.nr_line_info = info->nr_line_info;
131 	holder.line_info_rec_size = info->line_info_rec_size;
132 	needed += info->nr_line_info * info->line_info_rec_size;
133 
134 	holder.nr_jited_line_info = info->nr_jited_line_info;
135 	holder.jited_line_info_rec_size = info->jited_line_info_rec_size;
136 	needed += info->nr_jited_line_info * info->jited_line_info_rec_size;
137 
138 	if (needed > *info_data_sz) {
139 		ptr = realloc(*info_data, needed);
140 		if (!ptr)
141 			return -1;
142 
143 		*info_data = ptr;
144 		*info_data_sz = needed;
145 	}
146 	ptr = *info_data;
147 
148 	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
149 		holder.jited_prog_insns = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
150 		ptr += holder.jited_prog_len;
151 	} else {
152 		holder.xlated_prog_insns = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
153 		ptr += holder.xlated_prog_len;
154 	}
155 
156 	holder.jited_ksyms = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
157 	ptr += holder.nr_jited_ksyms * sizeof(__u64);
158 
159 	holder.jited_func_lens = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
160 	ptr += holder.nr_jited_func_lens * sizeof(__u32);
161 
162 	holder.func_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
163 	ptr += holder.nr_func_info * holder.func_info_rec_size;
164 
165 	holder.line_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
166 	ptr += holder.nr_line_info * holder.line_info_rec_size;
167 
168 	holder.jited_line_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
169 	ptr += holder.nr_jited_line_info * holder.jited_line_info_rec_size;
170 
171 	*info = holder;
172 	return 0;
173 }
174 
175 static void print_boot_time(__u64 nsecs, char *buf, unsigned int size)
176 {
177 	struct timespec real_time_ts, boot_time_ts;
178 	time_t wallclock_secs;
179 	struct tm load_tm;
180 
181 	buf[--size] = '\0';
182 
183 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &real_time_ts) ||
184 	    clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &boot_time_ts)) {
185 		perror("Can't read clocks");
186 		snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
187 		return;
188 	}
189 
190 	wallclock_secs = (real_time_ts.tv_sec - boot_time_ts.tv_sec) +
191 		(real_time_ts.tv_nsec - boot_time_ts.tv_nsec + nsecs) /
192 		1000000000;
193 
194 
195 	if (!localtime_r(&wallclock_secs, &load_tm)) {
196 		snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
197 		return;
198 	}
199 
200 	if (json_output)
201 		strftime(buf, size, "%s", &load_tm);
202 	else
203 		strftime(buf, size, "%FT%T%z", &load_tm);
204 }
205 
206 static void show_prog_maps(int fd, __u32 num_maps)
207 {
208 	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
209 	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
210 	__u32 map_ids[num_maps];
211 	unsigned int i;
212 	int err;
213 
214 	info.nr_map_ids = num_maps;
215 	info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);
216 
217 	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
218 	if (err || !info.nr_map_ids)
219 		return;
220 
221 	if (json_output) {
222 		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "map_ids");
223 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
224 		for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
225 			jsonw_uint(json_wtr, map_ids[i]);
226 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
227 	} else {
228 		printf("  map_ids ");
229 		for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
230 			printf("%u%s", map_ids[i],
231 			       i == info.nr_map_ids - 1 ? "" : ",");
232 	}
233 }
234 
235 static void *find_metadata(int prog_fd, struct bpf_map_info *map_info)
236 {
237 	struct bpf_prog_info prog_info;
238 	__u32 prog_info_len;
239 	__u32 map_info_len;
240 	void *value = NULL;
241 	__u32 *map_ids;
242 	int nr_maps;
243 	int key = 0;
244 	int map_fd;
245 	int ret;
246 	__u32 i;
247 
248 	memset(&prog_info, 0, sizeof(prog_info));
249 	prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);
250 	ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(prog_fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
251 	if (ret)
252 		return NULL;
253 
254 	if (!prog_info.nr_map_ids)
255 		return NULL;
256 
257 	map_ids = calloc(prog_info.nr_map_ids, sizeof(__u32));
258 	if (!map_ids)
259 		return NULL;
260 
261 	nr_maps = prog_info.nr_map_ids;
262 	memset(&prog_info, 0, sizeof(prog_info));
263 	prog_info.nr_map_ids = nr_maps;
264 	prog_info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);
265 	prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);
266 
267 	ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(prog_fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
268 	if (ret)
269 		goto free_map_ids;
270 
271 	for (i = 0; i < prog_info.nr_map_ids; i++) {
272 		map_fd = bpf_map_get_fd_by_id(map_ids[i]);
273 		if (map_fd < 0)
274 			goto free_map_ids;
275 
276 		memset(map_info, 0, sizeof(*map_info));
277 		map_info_len = sizeof(*map_info);
278 		ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(map_fd, map_info, &map_info_len);
279 		if (ret < 0) {
280 			close(map_fd);
281 			goto free_map_ids;
282 		}
283 
284 		if (map_info->type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY ||
285 		    map_info->key_size != sizeof(int) ||
286 		    map_info->max_entries != 1 ||
287 		    !map_info->btf_value_type_id ||
288 		    !strstr(map_info->name, ".rodata")) {
289 			close(map_fd);
290 			continue;
291 		}
292 
293 		value = malloc(map_info->value_size);
294 		if (!value) {
295 			close(map_fd);
296 			goto free_map_ids;
297 		}
298 
299 		if (bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, &key, value)) {
300 			close(map_fd);
301 			free(value);
302 			value = NULL;
303 			goto free_map_ids;
304 		}
305 
306 		close(map_fd);
307 		break;
308 	}
309 
310 free_map_ids:
311 	free(map_ids);
312 	return value;
313 }
314 
315 static bool has_metadata_prefix(const char *s)
316 {
317 	return strncmp(s, BPF_METADATA_PREFIX, BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN) == 0;
318 }
319 
320 static void show_prog_metadata(int fd, __u32 num_maps)
321 {
322 	const struct btf_type *t_datasec, *t_var;
323 	struct bpf_map_info map_info;
324 	struct btf_var_secinfo *vsi;
325 	bool printed_header = false;
326 	unsigned int i, vlen;
327 	void *value = NULL;
328 	const char *name;
329 	struct btf *btf;
330 	int err;
331 
332 	if (!num_maps)
333 		return;
334 
335 	memset(&map_info, 0, sizeof(map_info));
336 	value = find_metadata(fd, &map_info);
337 	if (!value)
338 		return;
339 
340 	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(map_info.btf_id);
341 	if (libbpf_get_error(btf))
342 		goto out_free;
343 
344 	t_datasec = btf__type_by_id(btf, map_info.btf_value_type_id);
345 	if (!btf_is_datasec(t_datasec))
346 		goto out_free;
347 
348 	vlen = btf_vlen(t_datasec);
349 	vsi = btf_var_secinfos(t_datasec);
350 
351 	/* We don't proceed to check the kinds of the elements of the DATASEC.
352 	 * The verifier enforces them to be BTF_KIND_VAR.
353 	 */
354 
355 	if (json_output) {
356 		struct btf_dumper d = {
357 			.btf = btf,
358 			.jw = json_wtr,
359 			.is_plain_text = false,
360 		};
361 
362 		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, vsi++) {
363 			t_var = btf__type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
364 			name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, t_var->name_off);
365 
366 			if (!has_metadata_prefix(name))
367 				continue;
368 
369 			if (!printed_header) {
370 				jsonw_name(json_wtr, "metadata");
371 				jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
372 				printed_header = true;
373 			}
374 
375 			jsonw_name(json_wtr, name + BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN);
376 			err = btf_dumper_type(&d, t_var->type, value + vsi->offset);
377 			if (err) {
378 				p_err("btf dump failed: %d", err);
379 				break;
380 			}
381 		}
382 		if (printed_header)
383 			jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
384 	} else {
385 		json_writer_t *btf_wtr;
386 		struct btf_dumper d = {
387 			.btf = btf,
388 			.is_plain_text = true,
389 		};
390 
391 		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, vsi++) {
392 			t_var = btf__type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
393 			name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, t_var->name_off);
394 
395 			if (!has_metadata_prefix(name))
396 				continue;
397 
398 			if (!printed_header) {
399 				printf("\tmetadata:");
400 
401 				btf_wtr = jsonw_new(stdout);
402 				if (!btf_wtr) {
403 					p_err("jsonw alloc failed");
404 					goto out_free;
405 				}
406 				d.jw = btf_wtr,
407 
408 				printed_header = true;
409 			}
410 
411 			printf("\n\t\t%s = ", name + BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN);
412 
413 			jsonw_reset(btf_wtr);
414 			err = btf_dumper_type(&d, t_var->type, value + vsi->offset);
415 			if (err) {
416 				p_err("btf dump failed: %d", err);
417 				break;
418 			}
419 		}
420 		if (printed_header)
421 			jsonw_destroy(&btf_wtr);
422 	}
423 
424 out_free:
425 	btf__free(btf);
426 	free(value);
427 }
428 
429 static void print_prog_header_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
430 {
431 	char prog_name[MAX_PROG_FULL_NAME];
432 
433 	jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "id", info->id);
434 	if (info->type < ARRAY_SIZE(prog_type_name))
435 		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "type",
436 				   prog_type_name[info->type]);
437 	else
438 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "type", info->type);
439 
440 	if (*info->name) {
441 		get_prog_full_name(info, fd, prog_name, sizeof(prog_name));
442 		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "name", prog_name);
443 	}
444 
445 	jsonw_name(json_wtr, "tag");
446 	jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "\"" BPF_TAG_FMT "\"",
447 		     info->tag[0], info->tag[1], info->tag[2], info->tag[3],
448 		     info->tag[4], info->tag[5], info->tag[6], info->tag[7]);
449 
450 	jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "gpl_compatible", info->gpl_compatible);
451 	if (info->run_time_ns) {
452 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_time_ns", info->run_time_ns);
453 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", info->run_cnt);
454 	}
455 	if (info->recursion_misses)
456 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "recursion_misses", info->recursion_misses);
457 }
458 
459 static void print_prog_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
460 {
461 	char *memlock;
462 
463 	jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
464 	print_prog_header_json(info, fd);
465 	print_dev_json(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
466 
467 	if (info->load_time) {
468 		char buf[32];
469 
470 		print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
471 
472 		/* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
473 		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "loaded_at");
474 		jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "%s", buf);
475 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "uid", info->created_by_uid);
476 	}
477 
478 	jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_xlated", info->xlated_prog_len);
479 
480 	if (info->jited_prog_len) {
481 		jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", true);
482 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_jited", info->jited_prog_len);
483 	} else {
484 		jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", false);
485 	}
486 
487 	memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
488 	if (memlock)
489 		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bytes_memlock", atoll(memlock));
490 	free(memlock);
491 
492 	if (info->nr_map_ids)
493 		show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
494 
495 	if (info->btf_id)
496 		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "btf_id", info->btf_id);
497 
498 	if (!hashmap__empty(prog_table)) {
499 		struct hashmap_entry *entry;
500 
501 		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "pinned");
502 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
503 		hashmap__for_each_key_entry(prog_table, entry,
504 					    u32_as_hash_field(info->id))
505 			jsonw_string(json_wtr, entry->value);
506 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
507 	}
508 
509 	emit_obj_refs_json(refs_table, info->id, json_wtr);
510 
511 	show_prog_metadata(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
512 
513 	jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
514 }
515 
516 static void print_prog_header_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
517 {
518 	char prog_name[MAX_PROG_FULL_NAME];
519 
520 	printf("%u: ", info->id);
521 	if (info->type < ARRAY_SIZE(prog_type_name))
522 		printf("%s  ", prog_type_name[info->type]);
523 	else
524 		printf("type %u  ", info->type);
525 
526 	if (*info->name) {
527 		get_prog_full_name(info, fd, prog_name, sizeof(prog_name));
528 		printf("name %s  ", prog_name);
529 	}
530 
531 	printf("tag ");
532 	fprint_hex(stdout, info->tag, BPF_TAG_SIZE, "");
533 	print_dev_plain(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
534 	printf("%s", info->gpl_compatible ? "  gpl" : "");
535 	if (info->run_time_ns)
536 		printf(" run_time_ns %lld run_cnt %lld",
537 		       info->run_time_ns, info->run_cnt);
538 	if (info->recursion_misses)
539 		printf(" recursion_misses %lld", info->recursion_misses);
540 	printf("\n");
541 }
542 
543 static void print_prog_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
544 {
545 	char *memlock;
546 
547 	print_prog_header_plain(info, fd);
548 
549 	if (info->load_time) {
550 		char buf[32];
551 
552 		print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
553 
554 		/* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
555 		printf("\tloaded_at %s  uid %u\n", buf, info->created_by_uid);
556 	}
557 
558 	printf("\txlated %uB", info->xlated_prog_len);
559 
560 	if (info->jited_prog_len)
561 		printf("  jited %uB", info->jited_prog_len);
562 	else
563 		printf("  not jited");
564 
565 	memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
566 	if (memlock)
567 		printf("  memlock %sB", memlock);
568 	free(memlock);
569 
570 	if (info->nr_map_ids)
571 		show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
572 
573 	if (!hashmap__empty(prog_table)) {
574 		struct hashmap_entry *entry;
575 
576 		hashmap__for_each_key_entry(prog_table, entry,
577 					    u32_as_hash_field(info->id))
578 			printf("\n\tpinned %s", (char *)entry->value);
579 	}
580 
581 	if (info->btf_id)
582 		printf("\n\tbtf_id %d", info->btf_id);
583 
584 	emit_obj_refs_plain(refs_table, info->id, "\n\tpids ");
585 
586 	printf("\n");
587 
588 	show_prog_metadata(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
589 }
590 
591 static int show_prog(int fd)
592 {
593 	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
594 	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
595 	int err;
596 
597 	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
598 	if (err) {
599 		p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
600 		return -1;
601 	}
602 
603 	if (json_output)
604 		print_prog_json(&info, fd);
605 	else
606 		print_prog_plain(&info, fd);
607 
608 	return 0;
609 }
610 
611 static int do_show_subset(int argc, char **argv)
612 {
613 	int *fds = NULL;
614 	int nb_fds, i;
615 	int err = -1;
616 
617 	fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
618 	if (!fds) {
619 		p_err("mem alloc failed");
620 		return -1;
621 	}
622 	nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
623 	if (nb_fds < 1)
624 		goto exit_free;
625 
626 	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
627 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
628 	for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
629 		err = show_prog(fds[i]);
630 		if (err) {
631 			for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
632 				close(fds[i]);
633 			break;
634 		}
635 		close(fds[i]);
636 	}
637 	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
638 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
639 
640 exit_free:
641 	free(fds);
642 	return err;
643 }
644 
645 static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
646 {
647 	__u32 id = 0;
648 	int err;
649 	int fd;
650 
651 	if (show_pinned) {
652 		prog_table = hashmap__new(hash_fn_for_key_as_id,
653 					  equal_fn_for_key_as_id, NULL);
654 		if (IS_ERR(prog_table)) {
655 			p_err("failed to create hashmap for pinned paths");
656 			return -1;
657 		}
658 		build_pinned_obj_table(prog_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
659 	}
660 	build_obj_refs_table(&refs_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
661 
662 	if (argc == 2)
663 		return do_show_subset(argc, argv);
664 
665 	if (argc)
666 		return BAD_ARG();
667 
668 	if (json_output)
669 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
670 	while (true) {
671 		err = bpf_prog_get_next_id(id, &id);
672 		if (err) {
673 			if (errno == ENOENT) {
674 				err = 0;
675 				break;
676 			}
677 			p_err("can't get next program: %s%s", strerror(errno),
678 			      errno == EINVAL ? " -- kernel too old?" : "");
679 			err = -1;
680 			break;
681 		}
682 
683 		fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(id);
684 		if (fd < 0) {
685 			if (errno == ENOENT)
686 				continue;
687 			p_err("can't get prog by id (%u): %s",
688 			      id, strerror(errno));
689 			err = -1;
690 			break;
691 		}
692 
693 		err = show_prog(fd);
694 		close(fd);
695 		if (err)
696 			break;
697 	}
698 
699 	if (json_output)
700 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
701 
702 	delete_obj_refs_table(refs_table);
703 
704 	if (show_pinned)
705 		delete_pinned_obj_table(prog_table);
706 
707 	return err;
708 }
709 
710 static int
711 prog_dump(struct bpf_prog_info *info, enum dump_mode mode,
712 	  char *filepath, bool opcodes, bool visual, bool linum)
713 {
714 	struct bpf_prog_linfo *prog_linfo = NULL;
715 	const char *disasm_opt = NULL;
716 	struct dump_data dd = {};
717 	void *func_info = NULL;
718 	struct btf *btf = NULL;
719 	char func_sig[1024];
720 	unsigned char *buf;
721 	__u32 member_len;
722 	int fd, err = -1;
723 	ssize_t n;
724 
725 	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
726 		if (info->jited_prog_len == 0 || !info->jited_prog_insns) {
727 			p_info("no instructions returned");
728 			return -1;
729 		}
730 		buf = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_prog_insns);
731 		member_len = info->jited_prog_len;
732 	} else {	/* DUMP_XLATED */
733 		if (info->xlated_prog_len == 0 || !info->xlated_prog_insns) {
734 			p_err("error retrieving insn dump: kernel.kptr_restrict set?");
735 			return -1;
736 		}
737 		buf = u64_to_ptr(info->xlated_prog_insns);
738 		member_len = info->xlated_prog_len;
739 	}
740 
741 	if (info->btf_id) {
742 		btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info->btf_id);
743 		if (libbpf_get_error(btf)) {
744 			p_err("failed to get btf");
745 			return -1;
746 		}
747 	}
748 
749 	func_info = u64_to_ptr(info->func_info);
750 
751 	if (info->nr_line_info) {
752 		prog_linfo = bpf_prog_linfo__new(info);
753 		if (!prog_linfo)
754 			p_info("error in processing bpf_line_info.  continue without it.");
755 	}
756 
757 	if (filepath) {
758 		fd = open(filepath, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
759 		if (fd < 0) {
760 			p_err("can't open file %s: %s", filepath,
761 			      strerror(errno));
762 			goto exit_free;
763 		}
764 
765 		n = write(fd, buf, member_len);
766 		close(fd);
767 		if (n != (ssize_t)member_len) {
768 			p_err("error writing output file: %s",
769 			      n < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "short write");
770 			goto exit_free;
771 		}
772 
773 		if (json_output)
774 			jsonw_null(json_wtr);
775 	} else if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
776 		const char *name = NULL;
777 
778 		if (info->ifindex) {
779 			name = ifindex_to_bfd_params(info->ifindex,
780 						     info->netns_dev,
781 						     info->netns_ino,
782 						     &disasm_opt);
783 			if (!name)
784 				goto exit_free;
785 		}
786 
787 		if (info->nr_jited_func_lens && info->jited_func_lens) {
788 			struct kernel_sym *sym = NULL;
789 			struct bpf_func_info *record;
790 			char sym_name[SYM_MAX_NAME];
791 			unsigned char *img = buf;
792 			__u64 *ksyms = NULL;
793 			__u32 *lens;
794 			__u32 i;
795 			if (info->nr_jited_ksyms) {
796 				kernel_syms_load(&dd);
797 				ksyms = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_ksyms);
798 			}
799 
800 			if (json_output)
801 				jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
802 
803 			lens = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_func_lens);
804 			for (i = 0; i < info->nr_jited_func_lens; i++) {
805 				if (ksyms) {
806 					sym = kernel_syms_search(&dd, ksyms[i]);
807 					if (sym)
808 						sprintf(sym_name, "%s", sym->name);
809 					else
810 						sprintf(sym_name, "0x%016llx", ksyms[i]);
811 				} else {
812 					strcpy(sym_name, "unknown");
813 				}
814 
815 				if (func_info) {
816 					record = func_info + i * info->func_info_rec_size;
817 					btf_dumper_type_only(btf, record->type_id,
818 							     func_sig,
819 							     sizeof(func_sig));
820 				}
821 
822 				if (json_output) {
823 					jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
824 					if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0') {
825 						jsonw_name(json_wtr, "proto");
826 						jsonw_string(json_wtr, func_sig);
827 					}
828 					jsonw_name(json_wtr, "name");
829 					jsonw_string(json_wtr, sym_name);
830 					jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
831 				} else {
832 					if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0')
833 						printf("%s:\n", func_sig);
834 					printf("%s:\n", sym_name);
835 				}
836 
837 				disasm_print_insn(img, lens[i], opcodes,
838 						  name, disasm_opt, btf,
839 						  prog_linfo, ksyms[i], i,
840 						  linum);
841 
842 				img += lens[i];
843 
844 				if (json_output)
845 					jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
846 				else
847 					printf("\n");
848 			}
849 
850 			if (json_output)
851 				jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
852 		} else {
853 			disasm_print_insn(buf, member_len, opcodes, name,
854 					  disasm_opt, btf, NULL, 0, 0, false);
855 		}
856 	} else if (visual) {
857 		if (json_output)
858 			jsonw_null(json_wtr);
859 		else
860 			dump_xlated_cfg(buf, member_len);
861 	} else {
862 		kernel_syms_load(&dd);
863 		dd.nr_jited_ksyms = info->nr_jited_ksyms;
864 		dd.jited_ksyms = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_ksyms);
865 		dd.btf = btf;
866 		dd.func_info = func_info;
867 		dd.finfo_rec_size = info->func_info_rec_size;
868 		dd.prog_linfo = prog_linfo;
869 
870 		if (json_output)
871 			dump_xlated_json(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes,
872 					 linum);
873 		else
874 			dump_xlated_plain(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes,
875 					  linum);
876 		kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
877 	}
878 
879 	err = 0;
880 
881 exit_free:
882 	btf__free(btf);
883 	bpf_prog_linfo__free(prog_linfo);
884 	return err;
885 }
886 
887 static int do_dump(int argc, char **argv)
888 {
889 	struct bpf_prog_info info;
890 	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
891 	size_t info_data_sz = 0;
892 	void *info_data = NULL;
893 	char *filepath = NULL;
894 	bool opcodes = false;
895 	bool visual = false;
896 	enum dump_mode mode;
897 	bool linum = false;
898 	int nb_fds, i = 0;
899 	int *fds = NULL;
900 	int err = -1;
901 
902 	if (is_prefix(*argv, "jited")) {
903 		if (disasm_init())
904 			return -1;
905 		mode = DUMP_JITED;
906 	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "xlated")) {
907 		mode = DUMP_XLATED;
908 	} else {
909 		p_err("expected 'xlated' or 'jited', got: %s", *argv);
910 		return -1;
911 	}
912 	NEXT_ARG();
913 
914 	if (argc < 2)
915 		usage();
916 
917 	fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
918 	if (!fds) {
919 		p_err("mem alloc failed");
920 		return -1;
921 	}
922 	nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
923 	if (nb_fds < 1)
924 		goto exit_free;
925 
926 	if (is_prefix(*argv, "file")) {
927 		NEXT_ARG();
928 		if (!argc) {
929 			p_err("expected file path");
930 			goto exit_close;
931 		}
932 		if (nb_fds > 1) {
933 			p_err("several programs matched");
934 			goto exit_close;
935 		}
936 
937 		filepath = *argv;
938 		NEXT_ARG();
939 	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "opcodes")) {
940 		opcodes = true;
941 		NEXT_ARG();
942 	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "visual")) {
943 		if (nb_fds > 1) {
944 			p_err("several programs matched");
945 			goto exit_close;
946 		}
947 
948 		visual = true;
949 		NEXT_ARG();
950 	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "linum")) {
951 		linum = true;
952 		NEXT_ARG();
953 	}
954 
955 	if (argc) {
956 		usage();
957 		goto exit_close;
958 	}
959 
960 	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
961 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
962 	for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
963 		memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
964 
965 		err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fds[i], &info, &info_len);
966 		if (err) {
967 			p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
968 			break;
969 		}
970 
971 		err = prep_prog_info(&info, mode, &info_data, &info_data_sz);
972 		if (err) {
973 			p_err("can't grow prog info_data");
974 			break;
975 		}
976 
977 		err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fds[i], &info, &info_len);
978 		if (err) {
979 			p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
980 			break;
981 		}
982 
983 		if (json_output && nb_fds > 1) {
984 			jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);	/* prog object */
985 			print_prog_header_json(&info, fds[i]);
986 			jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
987 		} else if (nb_fds > 1) {
988 			print_prog_header_plain(&info, fds[i]);
989 		}
990 
991 		err = prog_dump(&info, mode, filepath, opcodes, visual, linum);
992 
993 		if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
994 			jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);	/* prog object */
995 		else if (i != nb_fds - 1 && nb_fds > 1)
996 			printf("\n");
997 
998 		if (err)
999 			break;
1000 		close(fds[i]);
1001 	}
1002 	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
1003 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
1004 
1005 exit_close:
1006 	for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
1007 		close(fds[i]);
1008 exit_free:
1009 	free(info_data);
1010 	free(fds);
1011 	return err;
1012 }
1013 
1014 static int do_pin(int argc, char **argv)
1015 {
1016 	int err;
1017 
1018 	err = do_pin_any(argc, argv, prog_parse_fd);
1019 	if (!err && json_output)
1020 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1021 	return err;
1022 }
1023 
1024 struct map_replace {
1025 	int idx;
1026 	int fd;
1027 	char *name;
1028 };
1029 
1030 static int map_replace_compar(const void *p1, const void *p2)
1031 {
1032 	const struct map_replace *a = p1, *b = p2;
1033 
1034 	return a->idx - b->idx;
1035 }
1036 
1037 static int parse_attach_detach_args(int argc, char **argv, int *progfd,
1038 				    enum bpf_attach_type *attach_type,
1039 				    int *mapfd)
1040 {
1041 	if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
1042 		return -EINVAL;
1043 
1044 	*progfd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1045 	if (*progfd < 0)
1046 		return *progfd;
1047 
1048 	*attach_type = parse_attach_type(*argv);
1049 	if (*attach_type == __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE) {
1050 		p_err("invalid attach/detach type");
1051 		return -EINVAL;
1052 	}
1053 
1054 	if (*attach_type == BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR) {
1055 		*mapfd = 0;
1056 		return 0;
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	NEXT_ARG();
1060 	if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
1061 		return -EINVAL;
1062 
1063 	*mapfd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1064 	if (*mapfd < 0)
1065 		return *mapfd;
1066 
1067 	return 0;
1068 }
1069 
1070 static int do_attach(int argc, char **argv)
1071 {
1072 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
1073 	int err, progfd;
1074 	int mapfd;
1075 
1076 	err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
1077 				       &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
1078 	if (err)
1079 		return err;
1080 
1081 	err = bpf_prog_attach(progfd, mapfd, attach_type, 0);
1082 	if (err) {
1083 		p_err("failed prog attach to map");
1084 		return -EINVAL;
1085 	}
1086 
1087 	if (json_output)
1088 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1089 	return 0;
1090 }
1091 
1092 static int do_detach(int argc, char **argv)
1093 {
1094 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
1095 	int err, progfd;
1096 	int mapfd;
1097 
1098 	err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
1099 				       &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
1100 	if (err)
1101 		return err;
1102 
1103 	err = bpf_prog_detach2(progfd, mapfd, attach_type);
1104 	if (err) {
1105 		p_err("failed prog detach from map");
1106 		return -EINVAL;
1107 	}
1108 
1109 	if (json_output)
1110 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1111 	return 0;
1112 }
1113 
1114 static int check_single_stdin(char *file_data_in, char *file_ctx_in)
1115 {
1116 	if (file_data_in && file_ctx_in &&
1117 	    !strcmp(file_data_in, "-") && !strcmp(file_ctx_in, "-")) {
1118 		p_err("cannot use standard input for both data_in and ctx_in");
1119 		return -1;
1120 	}
1121 
1122 	return 0;
1123 }
1124 
1125 static int get_run_data(const char *fname, void **data_ptr, unsigned int *size)
1126 {
1127 	size_t block_size = 256;
1128 	size_t buf_size = block_size;
1129 	size_t nb_read = 0;
1130 	void *tmp;
1131 	FILE *f;
1132 
1133 	if (!fname) {
1134 		*data_ptr = NULL;
1135 		*size = 0;
1136 		return 0;
1137 	}
1138 
1139 	if (!strcmp(fname, "-"))
1140 		f = stdin;
1141 	else
1142 		f = fopen(fname, "r");
1143 	if (!f) {
1144 		p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1145 		return -1;
1146 	}
1147 
1148 	*data_ptr = malloc(block_size);
1149 	if (!*data_ptr) {
1150 		p_err("failed to allocate memory for data_in/ctx_in: %s",
1151 		      strerror(errno));
1152 		goto err_fclose;
1153 	}
1154 
1155 	while ((nb_read += fread(*data_ptr + nb_read, 1, block_size, f))) {
1156 		if (feof(f))
1157 			break;
1158 		if (ferror(f)) {
1159 			p_err("failed to read data_in/ctx_in from %s: %s",
1160 			      fname, strerror(errno));
1161 			goto err_free;
1162 		}
1163 		if (nb_read > buf_size - block_size) {
1164 			if (buf_size == UINT32_MAX) {
1165 				p_err("data_in/ctx_in is too long (max: %d)",
1166 				      UINT32_MAX);
1167 				goto err_free;
1168 			}
1169 			/* No space for fread()-ing next chunk; realloc() */
1170 			buf_size *= 2;
1171 			tmp = realloc(*data_ptr, buf_size);
1172 			if (!tmp) {
1173 				p_err("failed to reallocate data_in/ctx_in: %s",
1174 				      strerror(errno));
1175 				goto err_free;
1176 			}
1177 			*data_ptr = tmp;
1178 		}
1179 	}
1180 	if (f != stdin)
1181 		fclose(f);
1182 
1183 	*size = nb_read;
1184 	return 0;
1185 
1186 err_free:
1187 	free(*data_ptr);
1188 	*data_ptr = NULL;
1189 err_fclose:
1190 	if (f != stdin)
1191 		fclose(f);
1192 	return -1;
1193 }
1194 
1195 static void hex_print(void *data, unsigned int size, FILE *f)
1196 {
1197 	size_t i, j;
1198 	char c;
1199 
1200 	for (i = 0; i < size; i += 16) {
1201 		/* Row offset */
1202 		fprintf(f, "%07zx\t", i);
1203 
1204 		/* Hexadecimal values */
1205 		for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++)
1206 			fprintf(f, "%02x%s", *(uint8_t *)(data + j),
1207 				j % 2 ? " " : "");
1208 		for (; j < i + 16; j++)
1209 			fprintf(f, "  %s", j % 2 ? " " : "");
1210 
1211 		/* ASCII values (if relevant), '.' otherwise */
1212 		fprintf(f, "| ");
1213 		for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++) {
1214 			c = *(char *)(data + j);
1215 			if (c < ' ' || c > '~')
1216 				c = '.';
1217 			fprintf(f, "%c%s", c, j == i + 7 ? " " : "");
1218 		}
1219 
1220 		fprintf(f, "\n");
1221 	}
1222 }
1223 
1224 static int
1225 print_run_output(void *data, unsigned int size, const char *fname,
1226 		 const char *json_key)
1227 {
1228 	size_t nb_written;
1229 	FILE *f;
1230 
1231 	if (!fname)
1232 		return 0;
1233 
1234 	if (!strcmp(fname, "-")) {
1235 		f = stdout;
1236 		if (json_output) {
1237 			jsonw_name(json_wtr, json_key);
1238 			print_data_json(data, size);
1239 		} else {
1240 			hex_print(data, size, f);
1241 		}
1242 		return 0;
1243 	}
1244 
1245 	f = fopen(fname, "w");
1246 	if (!f) {
1247 		p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1248 		return -1;
1249 	}
1250 
1251 	nb_written = fwrite(data, 1, size, f);
1252 	fclose(f);
1253 	if (nb_written != size) {
1254 		p_err("failed to write output data/ctx: %s", strerror(errno));
1255 		return -1;
1256 	}
1257 
1258 	return 0;
1259 }
1260 
1261 static int alloc_run_data(void **data_ptr, unsigned int size_out)
1262 {
1263 	*data_ptr = calloc(size_out, 1);
1264 	if (!*data_ptr) {
1265 		p_err("failed to allocate memory for output data/ctx: %s",
1266 		      strerror(errno));
1267 		return -1;
1268 	}
1269 
1270 	return 0;
1271 }
1272 
1273 static int do_run(int argc, char **argv)
1274 {
1275 	char *data_fname_in = NULL, *data_fname_out = NULL;
1276 	char *ctx_fname_in = NULL, *ctx_fname_out = NULL;
1277 	const unsigned int default_size = SZ_32K;
1278 	void *data_in = NULL, *data_out = NULL;
1279 	void *ctx_in = NULL, *ctx_out = NULL;
1280 	unsigned int repeat = 1;
1281 	int fd, err;
1282 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, test_attr);
1283 
1284 	if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
1285 		return -1;
1286 
1287 	fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1288 	if (fd < 0)
1289 		return -1;
1290 
1291 	while (argc) {
1292 		if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "data_in", "data_out",
1293 					 "data_size_out", NULL))
1294 			return -1;
1295 		if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in", "ctx_out",
1296 					 "ctx_size_out", NULL))
1297 			return -1;
1298 
1299 		if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_in")) {
1300 			NEXT_ARG();
1301 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1302 				return -1;
1303 
1304 			data_fname_in = GET_ARG();
1305 			if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
1306 				return -1;
1307 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_out")) {
1308 			NEXT_ARG();
1309 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1310 				return -1;
1311 
1312 			data_fname_out = GET_ARG();
1313 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_size_out")) {
1314 			char *endptr;
1315 
1316 			NEXT_ARG();
1317 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1318 				return -1;
1319 
1320 			test_attr.data_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1321 			if (*endptr) {
1322 				p_err("can't parse %s as output data size",
1323 				      *argv);
1324 				return -1;
1325 			}
1326 			NEXT_ARG();
1327 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in")) {
1328 			NEXT_ARG();
1329 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1330 				return -1;
1331 
1332 			ctx_fname_in = GET_ARG();
1333 			if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
1334 				return -1;
1335 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_out")) {
1336 			NEXT_ARG();
1337 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1338 				return -1;
1339 
1340 			ctx_fname_out = GET_ARG();
1341 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_size_out")) {
1342 			char *endptr;
1343 
1344 			NEXT_ARG();
1345 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1346 				return -1;
1347 
1348 			test_attr.ctx_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1349 			if (*endptr) {
1350 				p_err("can't parse %s as output context size",
1351 				      *argv);
1352 				return -1;
1353 			}
1354 			NEXT_ARG();
1355 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "repeat")) {
1356 			char *endptr;
1357 
1358 			NEXT_ARG();
1359 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1360 				return -1;
1361 
1362 			repeat = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1363 			if (*endptr) {
1364 				p_err("can't parse %s as repeat number",
1365 				      *argv);
1366 				return -1;
1367 			}
1368 			NEXT_ARG();
1369 		} else {
1370 			p_err("expected no more arguments, 'data_in', 'data_out', 'data_size_out', 'ctx_in', 'ctx_out', 'ctx_size_out' or 'repeat', got: '%s'?",
1371 			      *argv);
1372 			return -1;
1373 		}
1374 	}
1375 
1376 	err = get_run_data(data_fname_in, &data_in, &test_attr.data_size_in);
1377 	if (err)
1378 		return -1;
1379 
1380 	if (data_in) {
1381 		if (!test_attr.data_size_out)
1382 			test_attr.data_size_out = default_size;
1383 		err = alloc_run_data(&data_out, test_attr.data_size_out);
1384 		if (err)
1385 			goto free_data_in;
1386 	}
1387 
1388 	err = get_run_data(ctx_fname_in, &ctx_in, &test_attr.ctx_size_in);
1389 	if (err)
1390 		goto free_data_out;
1391 
1392 	if (ctx_in) {
1393 		if (!test_attr.ctx_size_out)
1394 			test_attr.ctx_size_out = default_size;
1395 		err = alloc_run_data(&ctx_out, test_attr.ctx_size_out);
1396 		if (err)
1397 			goto free_ctx_in;
1398 	}
1399 
1400 	test_attr.repeat	= repeat;
1401 	test_attr.data_in	= data_in;
1402 	test_attr.data_out	= data_out;
1403 	test_attr.ctx_in	= ctx_in;
1404 	test_attr.ctx_out	= ctx_out;
1405 
1406 	err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(fd, &test_attr);
1407 	if (err) {
1408 		p_err("failed to run program: %s", strerror(errno));
1409 		goto free_ctx_out;
1410 	}
1411 
1412 	err = 0;
1413 
1414 	if (json_output)
1415 		jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);	/* root */
1416 
1417 	/* Do not exit on errors occurring when printing output data/context,
1418 	 * we still want to print return value and duration for program run.
1419 	 */
1420 	if (test_attr.data_size_out)
1421 		err += print_run_output(test_attr.data_out,
1422 					test_attr.data_size_out,
1423 					data_fname_out, "data_out");
1424 	if (test_attr.ctx_size_out)
1425 		err += print_run_output(test_attr.ctx_out,
1426 					test_attr.ctx_size_out,
1427 					ctx_fname_out, "ctx_out");
1428 
1429 	if (json_output) {
1430 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "retval", test_attr.retval);
1431 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "duration", test_attr.duration);
1432 		jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);	/* root */
1433 	} else {
1434 		fprintf(stdout, "Return value: %u, duration%s: %uns\n",
1435 			test_attr.retval,
1436 			repeat > 1 ? " (average)" : "", test_attr.duration);
1437 	}
1438 
1439 free_ctx_out:
1440 	free(ctx_out);
1441 free_ctx_in:
1442 	free(ctx_in);
1443 free_data_out:
1444 	free(data_out);
1445 free_data_in:
1446 	free(data_in);
1447 
1448 	return err;
1449 }
1450 
1451 static int
1452 get_prog_type_by_name(const char *name, enum bpf_prog_type *prog_type,
1453 		      enum bpf_attach_type *expected_attach_type)
1454 {
1455 	libbpf_print_fn_t print_backup;
1456 	int ret;
1457 
1458 	ret = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(name, prog_type, expected_attach_type);
1459 	if (!ret)
1460 		return ret;
1461 
1462 	/* libbpf_prog_type_by_name() failed, let's re-run with debug level */
1463 	print_backup = libbpf_set_print(print_all_levels);
1464 	ret = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(name, prog_type, expected_attach_type);
1465 	libbpf_set_print(print_backup);
1466 
1467 	return ret;
1468 }
1469 
1470 static int load_with_options(int argc, char **argv, bool first_prog_only)
1471 {
1472 	enum bpf_prog_type common_prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
1473 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts,
1474 		.relaxed_maps = relaxed_maps,
1475 	);
1476 	enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
1477 	struct map_replace *map_replace = NULL;
1478 	struct bpf_program *prog = NULL, *pos;
1479 	unsigned int old_map_fds = 0;
1480 	const char *pinmaps = NULL;
1481 	struct bpf_object *obj;
1482 	struct bpf_map *map;
1483 	const char *pinfile;
1484 	unsigned int i, j;
1485 	__u32 ifindex = 0;
1486 	const char *file;
1487 	int idx, err;
1488 
1489 
1490 	if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
1491 		return -1;
1492 	file = GET_ARG();
1493 	pinfile = GET_ARG();
1494 
1495 	while (argc) {
1496 		if (is_prefix(*argv, "type")) {
1497 			NEXT_ARG();
1498 
1499 			if (common_prog_type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
1500 				p_err("program type already specified");
1501 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1502 			}
1503 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1504 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1505 
1506 			err = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(*argv, &common_prog_type,
1507 						       &expected_attach_type);
1508 			if (err < 0) {
1509 				/* Put a '/' at the end of type to appease libbpf */
1510 				char *type = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2);
1511 
1512 				if (!type) {
1513 					p_err("mem alloc failed");
1514 					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1515 				}
1516 				*type = 0;
1517 				strcat(type, *argv);
1518 				strcat(type, "/");
1519 
1520 				err = get_prog_type_by_name(type, &common_prog_type,
1521 							    &expected_attach_type);
1522 				free(type);
1523 				if (err < 0)
1524 					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1525 			}
1526 
1527 			NEXT_ARG();
1528 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "map")) {
1529 			void *new_map_replace;
1530 			char *endptr, *name;
1531 			int fd;
1532 
1533 			NEXT_ARG();
1534 
1535 			if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
1536 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1537 
1538 			if (is_prefix(*argv, "idx")) {
1539 				NEXT_ARG();
1540 
1541 				idx = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1542 				if (*endptr) {
1543 					p_err("can't parse %s as IDX", *argv);
1544 					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1545 				}
1546 				name = NULL;
1547 			} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "name")) {
1548 				NEXT_ARG();
1549 
1550 				name = *argv;
1551 				idx = -1;
1552 			} else {
1553 				p_err("expected 'idx' or 'name', got: '%s'?",
1554 				      *argv);
1555 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1556 			}
1557 			NEXT_ARG();
1558 
1559 			fd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1560 			if (fd < 0)
1561 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1562 
1563 			new_map_replace = libbpf_reallocarray(map_replace,
1564 							      old_map_fds + 1,
1565 							      sizeof(*map_replace));
1566 			if (!new_map_replace) {
1567 				p_err("mem alloc failed");
1568 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1569 			}
1570 			map_replace = new_map_replace;
1571 
1572 			map_replace[old_map_fds].idx = idx;
1573 			map_replace[old_map_fds].name = name;
1574 			map_replace[old_map_fds].fd = fd;
1575 			old_map_fds++;
1576 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "dev")) {
1577 			NEXT_ARG();
1578 
1579 			if (ifindex) {
1580 				p_err("offload device already specified");
1581 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1582 			}
1583 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1584 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1585 
1586 			ifindex = if_nametoindex(*argv);
1587 			if (!ifindex) {
1588 				p_err("unrecognized netdevice '%s': %s",
1589 				      *argv, strerror(errno));
1590 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1591 			}
1592 			NEXT_ARG();
1593 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "pinmaps")) {
1594 			NEXT_ARG();
1595 
1596 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1597 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1598 
1599 			pinmaps = GET_ARG();
1600 		} else {
1601 			p_err("expected no more arguments, 'type', 'map' or 'dev', got: '%s'?",
1602 			      *argv);
1603 			goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1604 		}
1605 	}
1606 
1607 	if (verifier_logs)
1608 		/* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
1609 		open_opts.kernel_log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
1610 
1611 	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
1612 	if (libbpf_get_error(obj)) {
1613 		p_err("failed to open object file");
1614 		goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1615 	}
1616 
1617 	bpf_object__for_each_program(pos, obj) {
1618 		enum bpf_prog_type prog_type = common_prog_type;
1619 
1620 		if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
1621 			const char *sec_name = bpf_program__section_name(pos);
1622 
1623 			err = get_prog_type_by_name(sec_name, &prog_type,
1624 						    &expected_attach_type);
1625 			if (err < 0)
1626 				goto err_close_obj;
1627 		}
1628 
1629 		bpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, ifindex);
1630 		bpf_program__set_type(pos, prog_type);
1631 		bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(pos, expected_attach_type);
1632 	}
1633 
1634 	qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
1635 	      map_replace_compar);
1636 
1637 	/* After the sort maps by name will be first on the list, because they
1638 	 * have idx == -1.  Resolve them.
1639 	 */
1640 	j = 0;
1641 	while (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].name) {
1642 		i = 0;
1643 		bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1644 			if (!strcmp(bpf_map__name(map), map_replace[j].name)) {
1645 				map_replace[j].idx = i;
1646 				break;
1647 			}
1648 			i++;
1649 		}
1650 		if (map_replace[j].idx == -1) {
1651 			p_err("unable to find map '%s'", map_replace[j].name);
1652 			goto err_close_obj;
1653 		}
1654 		j++;
1655 	}
1656 	/* Resort if any names were resolved */
1657 	if (j)
1658 		qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
1659 		      map_replace_compar);
1660 
1661 	/* Set ifindex and name reuse */
1662 	j = 0;
1663 	idx = 0;
1664 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1665 		if (bpf_map__type(map) != BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY)
1666 			bpf_map__set_ifindex(map, ifindex);
1667 
1668 		if (j < old_map_fds && idx == map_replace[j].idx) {
1669 			err = bpf_map__reuse_fd(map, map_replace[j++].fd);
1670 			if (err) {
1671 				p_err("unable to set up map reuse: %d", err);
1672 				goto err_close_obj;
1673 			}
1674 
1675 			/* Next reuse wants to apply to the same map */
1676 			if (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].idx == idx) {
1677 				p_err("replacement for map idx %d specified more than once",
1678 				      idx);
1679 				goto err_close_obj;
1680 			}
1681 		}
1682 
1683 		idx++;
1684 	}
1685 	if (j < old_map_fds) {
1686 		p_err("map idx '%d' not used", map_replace[j].idx);
1687 		goto err_close_obj;
1688 	}
1689 
1690 	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
1691 	if (err) {
1692 		p_err("failed to load object file");
1693 		goto err_close_obj;
1694 	}
1695 
1696 	err = mount_bpffs_for_pin(pinfile);
1697 	if (err)
1698 		goto err_close_obj;
1699 
1700 	if (first_prog_only) {
1701 		prog = bpf_object__next_program(obj, NULL);
1702 		if (!prog) {
1703 			p_err("object file doesn't contain any bpf program");
1704 			goto err_close_obj;
1705 		}
1706 
1707 		err = bpf_obj_pin(bpf_program__fd(prog), pinfile);
1708 		if (err) {
1709 			p_err("failed to pin program %s",
1710 			      bpf_program__section_name(prog));
1711 			goto err_close_obj;
1712 		}
1713 	} else {
1714 		err = bpf_object__pin_programs(obj, pinfile);
1715 		if (err) {
1716 			p_err("failed to pin all programs");
1717 			goto err_close_obj;
1718 		}
1719 	}
1720 
1721 	if (pinmaps) {
1722 		err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, pinmaps);
1723 		if (err) {
1724 			p_err("failed to pin all maps");
1725 			goto err_unpin;
1726 		}
1727 	}
1728 
1729 	if (json_output)
1730 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1731 
1732 	bpf_object__close(obj);
1733 	for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
1734 		close(map_replace[i].fd);
1735 	free(map_replace);
1736 
1737 	return 0;
1738 
1739 err_unpin:
1740 	if (first_prog_only)
1741 		unlink(pinfile);
1742 	else
1743 		bpf_object__unpin_programs(obj, pinfile);
1744 err_close_obj:
1745 	if (!legacy_libbpf) {
1746 		p_info("Warning: bpftool is now running in libbpf strict mode and has more stringent requirements about BPF programs.\n"
1747 		       "If it used to work for this object file but now doesn't, see --legacy option for more details.\n");
1748 	}
1749 
1750 	bpf_object__close(obj);
1751 err_free_reuse_maps:
1752 	for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
1753 		close(map_replace[i].fd);
1754 	free(map_replace);
1755 	return -1;
1756 }
1757 
1758 static int count_open_fds(void)
1759 {
1760 	DIR *dp = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1761 	struct dirent *de;
1762 	int cnt = -3;
1763 
1764 	if (!dp)
1765 		return -1;
1766 
1767 	while ((de = readdir(dp)))
1768 		cnt++;
1769 
1770 	closedir(dp);
1771 	return cnt;
1772 }
1773 
1774 static int try_loader(struct gen_loader_opts *gen)
1775 {
1776 	struct bpf_load_and_run_opts opts = {};
1777 	struct bpf_loader_ctx *ctx;
1778 	int ctx_sz = sizeof(*ctx) + 64 * max(sizeof(struct bpf_map_desc),
1779 					     sizeof(struct bpf_prog_desc));
1780 	int log_buf_sz = (1u << 24) - 1;
1781 	int err, fds_before, fd_delta;
1782 	char *log_buf = NULL;
1783 
1784 	ctx = alloca(ctx_sz);
1785 	memset(ctx, 0, ctx_sz);
1786 	ctx->sz = ctx_sz;
1787 	if (verifier_logs) {
1788 		ctx->log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
1789 		ctx->log_size = log_buf_sz;
1790 		log_buf = malloc(log_buf_sz);
1791 		if (!log_buf)
1792 			return -ENOMEM;
1793 		ctx->log_buf = (long) log_buf;
1794 	}
1795 	opts.ctx = ctx;
1796 	opts.data = gen->data;
1797 	opts.data_sz = gen->data_sz;
1798 	opts.insns = gen->insns;
1799 	opts.insns_sz = gen->insns_sz;
1800 	fds_before = count_open_fds();
1801 	err = bpf_load_and_run(&opts);
1802 	fd_delta = count_open_fds() - fds_before;
1803 	if (err < 0 || verifier_logs) {
1804 		fprintf(stderr, "err %d\n%s\n%s", err, opts.errstr, log_buf);
1805 		if (fd_delta && err < 0)
1806 			fprintf(stderr, "loader prog leaked %d FDs\n",
1807 				fd_delta);
1808 	}
1809 	free(log_buf);
1810 	return err;
1811 }
1812 
1813 static int do_loader(int argc, char **argv)
1814 {
1815 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts);
1816 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(gen_loader_opts, gen);
1817 	struct bpf_object *obj;
1818 	const char *file;
1819 	int err = 0;
1820 
1821 	if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1822 		return -1;
1823 	file = GET_ARG();
1824 
1825 	if (verifier_logs)
1826 		/* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
1827 		open_opts.kernel_log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
1828 
1829 	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
1830 	if (libbpf_get_error(obj)) {
1831 		p_err("failed to open object file");
1832 		goto err_close_obj;
1833 	}
1834 
1835 	err = bpf_object__gen_loader(obj, &gen);
1836 	if (err)
1837 		goto err_close_obj;
1838 
1839 	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
1840 	if (err) {
1841 		p_err("failed to load object file");
1842 		goto err_close_obj;
1843 	}
1844 
1845 	if (verifier_logs) {
1846 		struct dump_data dd = {};
1847 
1848 		kernel_syms_load(&dd);
1849 		dump_xlated_plain(&dd, (void *)gen.insns, gen.insns_sz, false, false);
1850 		kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
1851 	}
1852 	err = try_loader(&gen);
1853 err_close_obj:
1854 	bpf_object__close(obj);
1855 	return err;
1856 }
1857 
1858 static int do_load(int argc, char **argv)
1859 {
1860 	if (use_loader)
1861 		return do_loader(argc, argv);
1862 	return load_with_options(argc, argv, true);
1863 }
1864 
1865 static int do_loadall(int argc, char **argv)
1866 {
1867 	return load_with_options(argc, argv, false);
1868 }
1869 
1870 #ifdef BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS
1871 
1872 static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
1873 {
1874 	p_err("bpftool prog profile command is not supported. Please build bpftool with clang >= 10.0.0");
1875 	return 0;
1876 }
1877 
1878 #else /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */
1879 
1880 #include "profiler.skel.h"
1881 
1882 struct profile_metric {
1883 	const char *name;
1884 	struct bpf_perf_event_value val;
1885 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
1886 	bool selected;
1887 
1888 	/* calculate ratios like instructions per cycle */
1889 	const int ratio_metric; /* 0 for N/A, 1 for index 0 (cycles) */
1890 	const char *ratio_desc;
1891 	const float ratio_mul;
1892 } metrics[] = {
1893 	{
1894 		.name = "cycles",
1895 		.attr = {
1896 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
1897 			.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
1898 			.exclude_user = 1,
1899 		},
1900 	},
1901 	{
1902 		.name = "instructions",
1903 		.attr = {
1904 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
1905 			.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS,
1906 			.exclude_user = 1,
1907 		},
1908 		.ratio_metric = 1,
1909 		.ratio_desc = "insns per cycle",
1910 		.ratio_mul = 1.0,
1911 	},
1912 	{
1913 		.name = "l1d_loads",
1914 		.attr = {
1915 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
1916 			.config =
1917 				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
1918 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
1919 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS << 16),
1920 			.exclude_user = 1,
1921 		},
1922 	},
1923 	{
1924 		.name = "llc_misses",
1925 		.attr = {
1926 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
1927 			.config =
1928 				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
1929 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
1930 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
1931 			.exclude_user = 1
1932 		},
1933 		.ratio_metric = 2,
1934 		.ratio_desc = "LLC misses per million insns",
1935 		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
1936 	},
1937 	{
1938 		.name = "itlb_misses",
1939 		.attr = {
1940 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
1941 			.config =
1942 				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
1943 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
1944 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
1945 			.exclude_user = 1
1946 		},
1947 		.ratio_metric = 2,
1948 		.ratio_desc = "itlb misses per million insns",
1949 		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
1950 	},
1951 	{
1952 		.name = "dtlb_misses",
1953 		.attr = {
1954 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
1955 			.config =
1956 				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
1957 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
1958 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
1959 			.exclude_user = 1
1960 		},
1961 		.ratio_metric = 2,
1962 		.ratio_desc = "dtlb misses per million insns",
1963 		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
1964 	},
1965 };
1966 
1967 static __u64 profile_total_count;
1968 
1969 #define MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS 4
1970 
1971 static int profile_parse_metrics(int argc, char **argv)
1972 {
1973 	unsigned int metric_cnt;
1974 	int selected_cnt = 0;
1975 	unsigned int i;
1976 
1977 	metric_cnt = sizeof(metrics) / sizeof(struct profile_metric);
1978 
1979 	while (argc > 0) {
1980 		for (i = 0; i < metric_cnt; i++) {
1981 			if (is_prefix(argv[0], metrics[i].name)) {
1982 				if (!metrics[i].selected)
1983 					selected_cnt++;
1984 				metrics[i].selected = true;
1985 				break;
1986 			}
1987 		}
1988 		if (i == metric_cnt) {
1989 			p_err("unknown metric %s", argv[0]);
1990 			return -1;
1991 		}
1992 		NEXT_ARG();
1993 	}
1994 	if (selected_cnt > MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS) {
1995 		p_err("too many (%d) metrics, please specify no more than %d metrics at at time",
1996 		      selected_cnt, MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS);
1997 		return -1;
1998 	}
1999 	return selected_cnt;
2000 }
2001 
2002 static void profile_read_values(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
2003 {
2004 	__u32 m, cpu, num_cpu = obj->rodata->num_cpu;
2005 	int reading_map_fd, count_map_fd;
2006 	__u64 counts[num_cpu];
2007 	__u32 key = 0;
2008 	int err;
2009 
2010 	reading_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.accum_readings);
2011 	count_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.counts);
2012 	if (reading_map_fd < 0 || count_map_fd < 0) {
2013 		p_err("failed to get fd for map");
2014 		return;
2015 	}
2016 
2017 	err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(count_map_fd, &key, counts);
2018 	if (err) {
2019 		p_err("failed to read count_map: %s", strerror(errno));
2020 		return;
2021 	}
2022 
2023 	profile_total_count = 0;
2024 	for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++)
2025 		profile_total_count += counts[cpu];
2026 
2027 	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
2028 		struct bpf_perf_event_value values[num_cpu];
2029 
2030 		if (!metrics[m].selected)
2031 			continue;
2032 
2033 		err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(reading_map_fd, &key, values);
2034 		if (err) {
2035 			p_err("failed to read reading_map: %s",
2036 			      strerror(errno));
2037 			return;
2038 		}
2039 		for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++) {
2040 			metrics[m].val.counter += values[cpu].counter;
2041 			metrics[m].val.enabled += values[cpu].enabled;
2042 			metrics[m].val.running += values[cpu].running;
2043 		}
2044 		key++;
2045 	}
2046 }
2047 
2048 static void profile_print_readings_json(void)
2049 {
2050 	__u32 m;
2051 
2052 	jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
2053 	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
2054 		if (!metrics[m].selected)
2055 			continue;
2056 		jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
2057 		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "metric", metrics[m].name);
2058 		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", profile_total_count);
2059 		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "value", metrics[m].val.counter);
2060 		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "enabled", metrics[m].val.enabled);
2061 		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "running", metrics[m].val.running);
2062 
2063 		jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
2064 	}
2065 	jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
2066 }
2067 
2068 static void profile_print_readings_plain(void)
2069 {
2070 	__u32 m;
2071 
2072 	printf("\n%18llu %-20s\n", profile_total_count, "run_cnt");
2073 	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
2074 		struct bpf_perf_event_value *val = &metrics[m].val;
2075 		int r;
2076 
2077 		if (!metrics[m].selected)
2078 			continue;
2079 		printf("%18llu %-20s", val->counter, metrics[m].name);
2080 
2081 		r = metrics[m].ratio_metric - 1;
2082 		if (r >= 0 && metrics[r].selected &&
2083 		    metrics[r].val.counter > 0) {
2084 			printf("# %8.2f %-30s",
2085 			       val->counter * metrics[m].ratio_mul /
2086 			       metrics[r].val.counter,
2087 			       metrics[m].ratio_desc);
2088 		} else {
2089 			printf("%-41s", "");
2090 		}
2091 
2092 		if (val->enabled > val->running)
2093 			printf("(%4.2f%%)",
2094 			       val->running * 100.0 / val->enabled);
2095 		printf("\n");
2096 	}
2097 }
2098 
2099 static void profile_print_readings(void)
2100 {
2101 	if (json_output)
2102 		profile_print_readings_json();
2103 	else
2104 		profile_print_readings_plain();
2105 }
2106 
2107 static char *profile_target_name(int tgt_fd)
2108 {
2109 	struct bpf_func_info func_info;
2110 	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
2111 	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
2112 	const struct btf_type *t;
2113 	__u32 func_info_rec_size;
2114 	struct btf *btf = NULL;
2115 	char *name = NULL;
2116 	int err;
2117 
2118 	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(tgt_fd, &info, &info_len);
2119 	if (err) {
2120 		p_err("failed to bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
2121 		goto out;
2122 	}
2123 
2124 	if (info.btf_id == 0) {
2125 		p_err("prog FD %d doesn't have valid btf", tgt_fd);
2126 		goto out;
2127 	}
2128 
2129 	func_info_rec_size = info.func_info_rec_size;
2130 	if (info.nr_func_info == 0) {
2131 		p_err("bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd for prog FD %d found 0 func_info", tgt_fd);
2132 		goto out;
2133 	}
2134 
2135 	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
2136 	info.nr_func_info = 1;
2137 	info.func_info_rec_size = func_info_rec_size;
2138 	info.func_info = ptr_to_u64(&func_info);
2139 
2140 	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(tgt_fd, &info, &info_len);
2141 	if (err) {
2142 		p_err("failed to get func_info for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
2143 		goto out;
2144 	}
2145 
2146 	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info.btf_id);
2147 	if (libbpf_get_error(btf)) {
2148 		p_err("failed to load btf for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
2149 		goto out;
2150 	}
2151 
2152 	t = btf__type_by_id(btf, func_info.type_id);
2153 	if (!t) {
2154 		p_err("btf %d doesn't have type %d",
2155 		      info.btf_id, func_info.type_id);
2156 		goto out;
2157 	}
2158 	name = strdup(btf__name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off));
2159 out:
2160 	btf__free(btf);
2161 	return name;
2162 }
2163 
2164 static struct profiler_bpf *profile_obj;
2165 static int profile_tgt_fd = -1;
2166 static char *profile_tgt_name;
2167 static int *profile_perf_events;
2168 static int profile_perf_event_cnt;
2169 
2170 static void profile_close_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
2171 {
2172 	int i;
2173 
2174 	for (i = profile_perf_event_cnt - 1; i >= 0; i--)
2175 		close(profile_perf_events[i]);
2176 
2177 	free(profile_perf_events);
2178 	profile_perf_event_cnt = 0;
2179 }
2180 
2181 static int profile_open_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
2182 {
2183 	unsigned int cpu, m;
2184 	int map_fd, pmu_fd;
2185 
2186 	profile_perf_events = calloc(
2187 		sizeof(int), obj->rodata->num_cpu * obj->rodata->num_metric);
2188 	if (!profile_perf_events) {
2189 		p_err("failed to allocate memory for perf_event array: %s",
2190 		      strerror(errno));
2191 		return -1;
2192 	}
2193 	map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.events);
2194 	if (map_fd < 0) {
2195 		p_err("failed to get fd for events map");
2196 		return -1;
2197 	}
2198 
2199 	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
2200 		if (!metrics[m].selected)
2201 			continue;
2202 		for (cpu = 0; cpu < obj->rodata->num_cpu; cpu++) {
2203 			pmu_fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &metrics[m].attr,
2204 					 -1/*pid*/, cpu, -1/*group_fd*/, 0);
2205 			if (pmu_fd < 0 ||
2206 			    bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd, &profile_perf_event_cnt,
2207 						&pmu_fd, BPF_ANY) ||
2208 			    ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0)) {
2209 				p_err("failed to create event %s on cpu %d",
2210 				      metrics[m].name, cpu);
2211 				return -1;
2212 			}
2213 			profile_perf_events[profile_perf_event_cnt++] = pmu_fd;
2214 		}
2215 	}
2216 	return 0;
2217 }
2218 
2219 static void profile_print_and_cleanup(void)
2220 {
2221 	profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
2222 	profile_read_values(profile_obj);
2223 	profile_print_readings();
2224 	profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
2225 
2226 	close(profile_tgt_fd);
2227 	free(profile_tgt_name);
2228 }
2229 
2230 static void int_exit(int signo)
2231 {
2232 	profile_print_and_cleanup();
2233 	exit(0);
2234 }
2235 
2236 static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
2237 {
2238 	int num_metric, num_cpu, err = -1;
2239 	struct bpf_program *prog;
2240 	unsigned long duration;
2241 	char *endptr;
2242 
2243 	/* we at least need two args for the prog and one metric */
2244 	if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
2245 		return -EINVAL;
2246 
2247 	/* parse target fd */
2248 	profile_tgt_fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
2249 	if (profile_tgt_fd < 0) {
2250 		p_err("failed to parse fd");
2251 		return -1;
2252 	}
2253 
2254 	/* parse profiling optional duration */
2255 	if (argc > 2 && is_prefix(argv[0], "duration")) {
2256 		NEXT_ARG();
2257 		duration = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
2258 		if (*endptr)
2259 			usage();
2260 		NEXT_ARG();
2261 	} else {
2262 		duration = UINT_MAX;
2263 	}
2264 
2265 	num_metric = profile_parse_metrics(argc, argv);
2266 	if (num_metric <= 0)
2267 		goto out;
2268 
2269 	num_cpu = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
2270 	if (num_cpu <= 0) {
2271 		p_err("failed to identify number of CPUs");
2272 		goto out;
2273 	}
2274 
2275 	profile_obj = profiler_bpf__open();
2276 	if (!profile_obj) {
2277 		p_err("failed to open and/or load BPF object");
2278 		goto out;
2279 	}
2280 
2281 	profile_obj->rodata->num_cpu = num_cpu;
2282 	profile_obj->rodata->num_metric = num_metric;
2283 
2284 	/* adjust map sizes */
2285 	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.events, num_metric * num_cpu);
2286 	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.fentry_readings, num_metric);
2287 	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.accum_readings, num_metric);
2288 	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.counts, 1);
2289 
2290 	/* change target name */
2291 	profile_tgt_name = profile_target_name(profile_tgt_fd);
2292 	if (!profile_tgt_name)
2293 		goto out;
2294 
2295 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, profile_obj->obj) {
2296 		err = bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, profile_tgt_fd,
2297 						     profile_tgt_name);
2298 		if (err) {
2299 			p_err("failed to set attach target\n");
2300 			goto out;
2301 		}
2302 	}
2303 
2304 	err = profiler_bpf__load(profile_obj);
2305 	if (err) {
2306 		p_err("failed to load profile_obj");
2307 		goto out;
2308 	}
2309 
2310 	err = profile_open_perf_events(profile_obj);
2311 	if (err)
2312 		goto out;
2313 
2314 	err = profiler_bpf__attach(profile_obj);
2315 	if (err) {
2316 		p_err("failed to attach profile_obj");
2317 		goto out;
2318 	}
2319 	signal(SIGINT, int_exit);
2320 
2321 	sleep(duration);
2322 	profile_print_and_cleanup();
2323 	return 0;
2324 
2325 out:
2326 	profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
2327 	if (profile_obj)
2328 		profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
2329 	close(profile_tgt_fd);
2330 	free(profile_tgt_name);
2331 	return err;
2332 }
2333 
2334 #endif /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */
2335 
2336 static int do_help(int argc, char **argv)
2337 {
2338 	if (json_output) {
2339 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
2340 		return 0;
2341 	}
2342 
2343 	fprintf(stderr,
2344 		"Usage: %1$s %2$s { show | list } [PROG]\n"
2345 		"       %1$s %2$s dump xlated PROG [{ file FILE | opcodes | visual | linum }]\n"
2346 		"       %1$s %2$s dump jited  PROG [{ file FILE | opcodes | linum }]\n"
2347 		"       %1$s %2$s pin   PROG FILE\n"
2348 		"       %1$s %2$s { load | loadall } OBJ  PATH \\\n"
2349 		"                         [type TYPE] [dev NAME] \\\n"
2350 		"                         [map { idx IDX | name NAME } MAP]\\\n"
2351 		"                         [pinmaps MAP_DIR]\n"
2352 		"       %1$s %2$s attach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
2353 		"       %1$s %2$s detach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
2354 		"       %1$s %2$s run PROG \\\n"
2355 		"                         data_in FILE \\\n"
2356 		"                         [data_out FILE [data_size_out L]] \\\n"
2357 		"                         [ctx_in FILE [ctx_out FILE [ctx_size_out M]]] \\\n"
2358 		"                         [repeat N]\n"
2359 		"       %1$s %2$s profile PROG [duration DURATION] METRICs\n"
2360 		"       %1$s %2$s tracelog\n"
2361 		"       %1$s %2$s help\n"
2362 		"\n"
2363 		"       " HELP_SPEC_MAP "\n"
2364 		"       " HELP_SPEC_PROGRAM "\n"
2365 		"       TYPE := { socket | kprobe | kretprobe | classifier | action |\n"
2366 		"                 tracepoint | raw_tracepoint | xdp | perf_event | cgroup/skb |\n"
2367 		"                 cgroup/sock | cgroup/dev | lwt_in | lwt_out | lwt_xmit |\n"
2368 		"                 lwt_seg6local | sockops | sk_skb | sk_msg | lirc_mode2 |\n"
2369 		"                 sk_reuseport | flow_dissector | cgroup/sysctl |\n"
2370 		"                 cgroup/bind4 | cgroup/bind6 | cgroup/post_bind4 |\n"
2371 		"                 cgroup/post_bind6 | cgroup/connect4 | cgroup/connect6 |\n"
2372 		"                 cgroup/getpeername4 | cgroup/getpeername6 |\n"
2373 		"                 cgroup/getsockname4 | cgroup/getsockname6 | cgroup/sendmsg4 |\n"
2374 		"                 cgroup/sendmsg6 | cgroup/recvmsg4 | cgroup/recvmsg6 |\n"
2375 		"                 cgroup/getsockopt | cgroup/setsockopt | cgroup/sock_release |\n"
2376 		"                 struct_ops | fentry | fexit | freplace | sk_lookup }\n"
2377 		"       ATTACH_TYPE := { msg_verdict | skb_verdict | stream_verdict |\n"
2378 		"                        stream_parser | flow_dissector }\n"
2379 		"       METRIC := { cycles | instructions | l1d_loads | llc_misses | itlb_misses | dtlb_misses }\n"
2380 		"       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS " |\n"
2381 		"                    {-f|--bpffs} | {-m|--mapcompat} | {-n|--nomount} |\n"
2382 		"                    {-L|--use-loader} }\n"
2383 		"",
2384 		bin_name, argv[-2]);
2385 
2386 	return 0;
2387 }
2388 
2389 static const struct cmd cmds[] = {
2390 	{ "show",	do_show },
2391 	{ "list",	do_show },
2392 	{ "help",	do_help },
2393 	{ "dump",	do_dump },
2394 	{ "pin",	do_pin },
2395 	{ "load",	do_load },
2396 	{ "loadall",	do_loadall },
2397 	{ "attach",	do_attach },
2398 	{ "detach",	do_detach },
2399 	{ "tracelog",	do_tracelog },
2400 	{ "run",	do_run },
2401 	{ "profile",	do_profile },
2402 	{ 0 }
2403 };
2404 
2405 int do_prog(int argc, char **argv)
2406 {
2407 	return cmd_select(cmds, argc, argv, do_help);
2408 }
2409