xref: /openbmc/linux/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c (revision b03bc6853c0e0c97da842434e8056f1b9d9a1f4a)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause)
2 
3 /*
4  * Common eBPF ELF object loading operations.
5  *
6  * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
7  * Copyright (C) 2015 Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
8  * Copyright (C) 2015 Huawei Inc.
9  * Copyright (C) 2017 Nicira, Inc.
10  * Copyright (C) 2019 Isovalent, Inc.
11  */
12 
13 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
14 #define _GNU_SOURCE
15 #endif
16 #include <stdlib.h>
17 #include <stdio.h>
18 #include <stdarg.h>
19 #include <libgen.h>
20 #include <inttypes.h>
21 #include <string.h>
22 #include <unistd.h>
23 #include <fcntl.h>
24 #include <errno.h>
25 #include <asm/unistd.h>
26 #include <linux/err.h>
27 #include <linux/kernel.h>
28 #include <linux/bpf.h>
29 #include <linux/btf.h>
30 #include <linux/filter.h>
31 #include <linux/list.h>
32 #include <linux/limits.h>
33 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
34 #include <linux/ring_buffer.h>
35 #include <sys/epoll.h>
36 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
37 #include <sys/mman.h>
38 #include <sys/stat.h>
39 #include <sys/types.h>
40 #include <sys/vfs.h>
41 #include <tools/libc_compat.h>
42 #include <libelf.h>
43 #include <gelf.h>
44 
45 #include "libbpf.h"
46 #include "bpf.h"
47 #include "btf.h"
48 #include "str_error.h"
49 #include "libbpf_internal.h"
50 
51 #ifndef EM_BPF
52 #define EM_BPF 247
53 #endif
54 
55 #ifndef BPF_FS_MAGIC
56 #define BPF_FS_MAGIC		0xcafe4a11
57 #endif
58 
59 /* vsprintf() in __base_pr() uses nonliteral format string. It may break
60  * compilation if user enables corresponding warning. Disable it explicitly.
61  */
62 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"
63 
64 #define __printf(a, b)	__attribute__((format(printf, a, b)))
65 
66 static int __base_pr(enum libbpf_print_level level, const char *format,
67 		     va_list args)
68 {
69 	if (level == LIBBPF_DEBUG)
70 		return 0;
71 
72 	return vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
73 }
74 
75 static libbpf_print_fn_t __libbpf_pr = __base_pr;
76 
77 libbpf_print_fn_t libbpf_set_print(libbpf_print_fn_t fn)
78 {
79 	libbpf_print_fn_t old_print_fn = __libbpf_pr;
80 
81 	__libbpf_pr = fn;
82 	return old_print_fn;
83 }
84 
85 __printf(2, 3)
86 void libbpf_print(enum libbpf_print_level level, const char *format, ...)
87 {
88 	va_list args;
89 
90 	if (!__libbpf_pr)
91 		return;
92 
93 	va_start(args, format);
94 	__libbpf_pr(level, format, args);
95 	va_end(args);
96 }
97 
98 #define STRERR_BUFSIZE  128
99 
100 #define CHECK_ERR(action, err, out) do {	\
101 	err = action;			\
102 	if (err)			\
103 		goto out;		\
104 } while(0)
105 
106 
107 /* Copied from tools/perf/util/util.h */
108 #ifndef zfree
109 # define zfree(ptr) ({ free(*ptr); *ptr = NULL; })
110 #endif
111 
112 #ifndef zclose
113 # define zclose(fd) ({			\
114 	int ___err = 0;			\
115 	if ((fd) >= 0)			\
116 		___err = close((fd));	\
117 	fd = -1;			\
118 	___err; })
119 #endif
120 
121 #ifdef HAVE_LIBELF_MMAP_SUPPORT
122 # define LIBBPF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP ELF_C_READ_MMAP
123 #else
124 # define LIBBPF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP ELF_C_READ
125 #endif
126 
127 static inline __u64 ptr_to_u64(const void *ptr)
128 {
129 	return (__u64) (unsigned long) ptr;
130 }
131 
132 struct bpf_capabilities {
133 	/* v4.14: kernel support for program & map names. */
134 	__u32 name:1;
135 	/* v5.2: kernel support for global data sections. */
136 	__u32 global_data:1;
137 	/* BTF_KIND_FUNC and BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO support */
138 	__u32 btf_func:1;
139 	/* BTF_KIND_VAR and BTF_KIND_DATASEC support */
140 	__u32 btf_datasec:1;
141 };
142 
143 /*
144  * bpf_prog should be a better name but it has been used in
145  * linux/filter.h.
146  */
147 struct bpf_program {
148 	/* Index in elf obj file, for relocation use. */
149 	int idx;
150 	char *name;
151 	int prog_ifindex;
152 	char *section_name;
153 	/* section_name with / replaced by _; makes recursive pinning
154 	 * in bpf_object__pin_programs easier
155 	 */
156 	char *pin_name;
157 	struct bpf_insn *insns;
158 	size_t insns_cnt, main_prog_cnt;
159 	enum bpf_prog_type type;
160 
161 	struct reloc_desc {
162 		enum {
163 			RELO_LD64,
164 			RELO_CALL,
165 			RELO_DATA,
166 		} type;
167 		int insn_idx;
168 		union {
169 			int map_idx;
170 			int text_off;
171 		};
172 	} *reloc_desc;
173 	int nr_reloc;
174 	int log_level;
175 
176 	struct {
177 		int nr;
178 		int *fds;
179 	} instances;
180 	bpf_program_prep_t preprocessor;
181 
182 	struct bpf_object *obj;
183 	void *priv;
184 	bpf_program_clear_priv_t clear_priv;
185 
186 	enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
187 	int btf_fd;
188 	void *func_info;
189 	__u32 func_info_rec_size;
190 	__u32 func_info_cnt;
191 
192 	struct bpf_capabilities *caps;
193 
194 	void *line_info;
195 	__u32 line_info_rec_size;
196 	__u32 line_info_cnt;
197 	__u32 prog_flags;
198 };
199 
200 enum libbpf_map_type {
201 	LIBBPF_MAP_UNSPEC,
202 	LIBBPF_MAP_DATA,
203 	LIBBPF_MAP_BSS,
204 	LIBBPF_MAP_RODATA,
205 };
206 
207 static const char * const libbpf_type_to_btf_name[] = {
208 	[LIBBPF_MAP_DATA]	= ".data",
209 	[LIBBPF_MAP_BSS]	= ".bss",
210 	[LIBBPF_MAP_RODATA]	= ".rodata",
211 };
212 
213 struct bpf_map {
214 	int fd;
215 	char *name;
216 	int sec_idx;
217 	size_t sec_offset;
218 	int map_ifindex;
219 	int inner_map_fd;
220 	struct bpf_map_def def;
221 	__u32 btf_key_type_id;
222 	__u32 btf_value_type_id;
223 	void *priv;
224 	bpf_map_clear_priv_t clear_priv;
225 	enum libbpf_map_type libbpf_type;
226 };
227 
228 struct bpf_secdata {
229 	void *rodata;
230 	void *data;
231 };
232 
233 static LIST_HEAD(bpf_objects_list);
234 
235 struct bpf_object {
236 	char name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
237 	char license[64];
238 	__u32 kern_version;
239 
240 	struct bpf_program *programs;
241 	size_t nr_programs;
242 	struct bpf_map *maps;
243 	size_t nr_maps;
244 	size_t maps_cap;
245 	struct bpf_secdata sections;
246 
247 	bool loaded;
248 	bool has_pseudo_calls;
249 
250 	/*
251 	 * Information when doing elf related work. Only valid if fd
252 	 * is valid.
253 	 */
254 	struct {
255 		int fd;
256 		void *obj_buf;
257 		size_t obj_buf_sz;
258 		Elf *elf;
259 		GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
260 		Elf_Data *symbols;
261 		Elf_Data *data;
262 		Elf_Data *rodata;
263 		Elf_Data *bss;
264 		size_t strtabidx;
265 		struct {
266 			GElf_Shdr shdr;
267 			Elf_Data *data;
268 		} *reloc;
269 		int nr_reloc;
270 		int maps_shndx;
271 		int btf_maps_shndx;
272 		int text_shndx;
273 		int data_shndx;
274 		int rodata_shndx;
275 		int bss_shndx;
276 	} efile;
277 	/*
278 	 * All loaded bpf_object is linked in a list, which is
279 	 * hidden to caller. bpf_objects__<func> handlers deal with
280 	 * all objects.
281 	 */
282 	struct list_head list;
283 
284 	struct btf *btf;
285 	struct btf_ext *btf_ext;
286 
287 	void *priv;
288 	bpf_object_clear_priv_t clear_priv;
289 
290 	struct bpf_capabilities caps;
291 
292 	char path[];
293 };
294 #define obj_elf_valid(o)	((o)->efile.elf)
295 
296 void bpf_program__unload(struct bpf_program *prog)
297 {
298 	int i;
299 
300 	if (!prog)
301 		return;
302 
303 	/*
304 	 * If the object is opened but the program was never loaded,
305 	 * it is possible that prog->instances.nr == -1.
306 	 */
307 	if (prog->instances.nr > 0) {
308 		for (i = 0; i < prog->instances.nr; i++)
309 			zclose(prog->instances.fds[i]);
310 	} else if (prog->instances.nr != -1) {
311 		pr_warning("Internal error: instances.nr is %d\n",
312 			   prog->instances.nr);
313 	}
314 
315 	prog->instances.nr = -1;
316 	zfree(&prog->instances.fds);
317 
318 	zclose(prog->btf_fd);
319 	zfree(&prog->func_info);
320 	zfree(&prog->line_info);
321 }
322 
323 static void bpf_program__exit(struct bpf_program *prog)
324 {
325 	if (!prog)
326 		return;
327 
328 	if (prog->clear_priv)
329 		prog->clear_priv(prog, prog->priv);
330 
331 	prog->priv = NULL;
332 	prog->clear_priv = NULL;
333 
334 	bpf_program__unload(prog);
335 	zfree(&prog->name);
336 	zfree(&prog->section_name);
337 	zfree(&prog->pin_name);
338 	zfree(&prog->insns);
339 	zfree(&prog->reloc_desc);
340 
341 	prog->nr_reloc = 0;
342 	prog->insns_cnt = 0;
343 	prog->idx = -1;
344 }
345 
346 static char *__bpf_program__pin_name(struct bpf_program *prog)
347 {
348 	char *name, *p;
349 
350 	name = p = strdup(prog->section_name);
351 	while ((p = strchr(p, '/')))
352 		*p = '_';
353 
354 	return name;
355 }
356 
357 static int
358 bpf_program__init(void *data, size_t size, char *section_name, int idx,
359 		  struct bpf_program *prog)
360 {
361 	const size_t bpf_insn_sz = sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
362 
363 	if (size == 0 || size % bpf_insn_sz) {
364 		pr_warning("corrupted section '%s', size: %zu\n",
365 			   section_name, size);
366 		return -EINVAL;
367 	}
368 
369 	memset(prog, 0, sizeof(*prog));
370 
371 	prog->section_name = strdup(section_name);
372 	if (!prog->section_name) {
373 		pr_warning("failed to alloc name for prog under section(%d) %s\n",
374 			   idx, section_name);
375 		goto errout;
376 	}
377 
378 	prog->pin_name = __bpf_program__pin_name(prog);
379 	if (!prog->pin_name) {
380 		pr_warning("failed to alloc pin name for prog under section(%d) %s\n",
381 			   idx, section_name);
382 		goto errout;
383 	}
384 
385 	prog->insns = malloc(size);
386 	if (!prog->insns) {
387 		pr_warning("failed to alloc insns for prog under section %s\n",
388 			   section_name);
389 		goto errout;
390 	}
391 	prog->insns_cnt = size / bpf_insn_sz;
392 	memcpy(prog->insns, data, size);
393 	prog->idx = idx;
394 	prog->instances.fds = NULL;
395 	prog->instances.nr = -1;
396 	prog->type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
397 	prog->btf_fd = -1;
398 
399 	return 0;
400 errout:
401 	bpf_program__exit(prog);
402 	return -ENOMEM;
403 }
404 
405 static int
406 bpf_object__add_program(struct bpf_object *obj, void *data, size_t size,
407 			char *section_name, int idx)
408 {
409 	struct bpf_program prog, *progs;
410 	int nr_progs, err;
411 
412 	err = bpf_program__init(data, size, section_name, idx, &prog);
413 	if (err)
414 		return err;
415 
416 	prog.caps = &obj->caps;
417 	progs = obj->programs;
418 	nr_progs = obj->nr_programs;
419 
420 	progs = reallocarray(progs, nr_progs + 1, sizeof(progs[0]));
421 	if (!progs) {
422 		/*
423 		 * In this case the original obj->programs
424 		 * is still valid, so don't need special treat for
425 		 * bpf_close_object().
426 		 */
427 		pr_warning("failed to alloc a new program under section '%s'\n",
428 			   section_name);
429 		bpf_program__exit(&prog);
430 		return -ENOMEM;
431 	}
432 
433 	pr_debug("found program %s\n", prog.section_name);
434 	obj->programs = progs;
435 	obj->nr_programs = nr_progs + 1;
436 	prog.obj = obj;
437 	progs[nr_progs] = prog;
438 	return 0;
439 }
440 
441 static int
442 bpf_object__init_prog_names(struct bpf_object *obj)
443 {
444 	Elf_Data *symbols = obj->efile.symbols;
445 	struct bpf_program *prog;
446 	size_t pi, si;
447 
448 	for (pi = 0; pi < obj->nr_programs; pi++) {
449 		const char *name = NULL;
450 
451 		prog = &obj->programs[pi];
452 
453 		for (si = 0; si < symbols->d_size / sizeof(GElf_Sym) && !name;
454 		     si++) {
455 			GElf_Sym sym;
456 
457 			if (!gelf_getsym(symbols, si, &sym))
458 				continue;
459 			if (sym.st_shndx != prog->idx)
460 				continue;
461 			if (GELF_ST_BIND(sym.st_info) != STB_GLOBAL)
462 				continue;
463 
464 			name = elf_strptr(obj->efile.elf,
465 					  obj->efile.strtabidx,
466 					  sym.st_name);
467 			if (!name) {
468 				pr_warning("failed to get sym name string for prog %s\n",
469 					   prog->section_name);
470 				return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__LIBELF;
471 			}
472 		}
473 
474 		if (!name && prog->idx == obj->efile.text_shndx)
475 			name = ".text";
476 
477 		if (!name) {
478 			pr_warning("failed to find sym for prog %s\n",
479 				   prog->section_name);
480 			return -EINVAL;
481 		}
482 
483 		prog->name = strdup(name);
484 		if (!prog->name) {
485 			pr_warning("failed to allocate memory for prog sym %s\n",
486 				   name);
487 			return -ENOMEM;
488 		}
489 	}
490 
491 	return 0;
492 }
493 
494 static struct bpf_object *bpf_object__new(const char *path,
495 					  void *obj_buf,
496 					  size_t obj_buf_sz)
497 {
498 	struct bpf_object *obj;
499 	char *end;
500 
501 	obj = calloc(1, sizeof(struct bpf_object) + strlen(path) + 1);
502 	if (!obj) {
503 		pr_warning("alloc memory failed for %s\n", path);
504 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
505 	}
506 
507 	strcpy(obj->path, path);
508 	/* Using basename() GNU version which doesn't modify arg. */
509 	strncpy(obj->name, basename((void *)path), sizeof(obj->name) - 1);
510 	end = strchr(obj->name, '.');
511 	if (end)
512 		*end = 0;
513 
514 	obj->efile.fd = -1;
515 	/*
516 	 * Caller of this function should also call
517 	 * bpf_object__elf_finish() after data collection to return
518 	 * obj_buf to user. If not, we should duplicate the buffer to
519 	 * avoid user freeing them before elf finish.
520 	 */
521 	obj->efile.obj_buf = obj_buf;
522 	obj->efile.obj_buf_sz = obj_buf_sz;
523 	obj->efile.maps_shndx = -1;
524 	obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx = -1;
525 	obj->efile.data_shndx = -1;
526 	obj->efile.rodata_shndx = -1;
527 	obj->efile.bss_shndx = -1;
528 
529 	obj->loaded = false;
530 
531 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&obj->list);
532 	list_add(&obj->list, &bpf_objects_list);
533 	return obj;
534 }
535 
536 static void bpf_object__elf_finish(struct bpf_object *obj)
537 {
538 	if (!obj_elf_valid(obj))
539 		return;
540 
541 	if (obj->efile.elf) {
542 		elf_end(obj->efile.elf);
543 		obj->efile.elf = NULL;
544 	}
545 	obj->efile.symbols = NULL;
546 	obj->efile.data = NULL;
547 	obj->efile.rodata = NULL;
548 	obj->efile.bss = NULL;
549 
550 	zfree(&obj->efile.reloc);
551 	obj->efile.nr_reloc = 0;
552 	zclose(obj->efile.fd);
553 	obj->efile.obj_buf = NULL;
554 	obj->efile.obj_buf_sz = 0;
555 }
556 
557 static int bpf_object__elf_init(struct bpf_object *obj)
558 {
559 	int err = 0;
560 	GElf_Ehdr *ep;
561 
562 	if (obj_elf_valid(obj)) {
563 		pr_warning("elf init: internal error\n");
564 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__LIBELF;
565 	}
566 
567 	if (obj->efile.obj_buf_sz > 0) {
568 		/*
569 		 * obj_buf should have been validated by
570 		 * bpf_object__open_buffer().
571 		 */
572 		obj->efile.elf = elf_memory(obj->efile.obj_buf,
573 					    obj->efile.obj_buf_sz);
574 	} else {
575 		obj->efile.fd = open(obj->path, O_RDONLY);
576 		if (obj->efile.fd < 0) {
577 			char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE], *cp;
578 
579 			err = -errno;
580 			cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
581 			pr_warning("failed to open %s: %s\n", obj->path, cp);
582 			return err;
583 		}
584 
585 		obj->efile.elf = elf_begin(obj->efile.fd,
586 					   LIBBPF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
587 	}
588 
589 	if (!obj->efile.elf) {
590 		pr_warning("failed to open %s as ELF file\n", obj->path);
591 		err = -LIBBPF_ERRNO__LIBELF;
592 		goto errout;
593 	}
594 
595 	if (!gelf_getehdr(obj->efile.elf, &obj->efile.ehdr)) {
596 		pr_warning("failed to get EHDR from %s\n", obj->path);
597 		err = -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
598 		goto errout;
599 	}
600 	ep = &obj->efile.ehdr;
601 
602 	/* Old LLVM set e_machine to EM_NONE */
603 	if (ep->e_type != ET_REL ||
604 	    (ep->e_machine && ep->e_machine != EM_BPF)) {
605 		pr_warning("%s is not an eBPF object file\n", obj->path);
606 		err = -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
607 		goto errout;
608 	}
609 
610 	return 0;
611 errout:
612 	bpf_object__elf_finish(obj);
613 	return err;
614 }
615 
616 static int bpf_object__check_endianness(struct bpf_object *obj)
617 {
618 #if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
619 	if (obj->efile.ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] == ELFDATA2LSB)
620 		return 0;
621 #elif __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
622 	if (obj->efile.ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] == ELFDATA2MSB)
623 		return 0;
624 #else
625 # error "Unrecognized __BYTE_ORDER__"
626 #endif
627 	pr_warning("endianness mismatch.\n");
628 	return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__ENDIAN;
629 }
630 
631 static int
632 bpf_object__init_license(struct bpf_object *obj, void *data, size_t size)
633 {
634 	memcpy(obj->license, data, min(size, sizeof(obj->license) - 1));
635 	pr_debug("license of %s is %s\n", obj->path, obj->license);
636 	return 0;
637 }
638 
639 static int
640 bpf_object__init_kversion(struct bpf_object *obj, void *data, size_t size)
641 {
642 	__u32 kver;
643 
644 	if (size != sizeof(kver)) {
645 		pr_warning("invalid kver section in %s\n", obj->path);
646 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
647 	}
648 	memcpy(&kver, data, sizeof(kver));
649 	obj->kern_version = kver;
650 	pr_debug("kernel version of %s is %x\n", obj->path, obj->kern_version);
651 	return 0;
652 }
653 
654 static int compare_bpf_map(const void *_a, const void *_b)
655 {
656 	const struct bpf_map *a = _a;
657 	const struct bpf_map *b = _b;
658 
659 	if (a->sec_idx != b->sec_idx)
660 		return a->sec_idx - b->sec_idx;
661 	return a->sec_offset - b->sec_offset;
662 }
663 
664 static bool bpf_map_type__is_map_in_map(enum bpf_map_type type)
665 {
666 	if (type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS ||
667 	    type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS)
668 		return true;
669 	return false;
670 }
671 
672 static int bpf_object_search_section_size(const struct bpf_object *obj,
673 					  const char *name, size_t *d_size)
674 {
675 	const GElf_Ehdr *ep = &obj->efile.ehdr;
676 	Elf *elf = obj->efile.elf;
677 	Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
678 	int idx = 0;
679 
680 	while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
681 		const char *sec_name;
682 		Elf_Data *data;
683 		GElf_Shdr sh;
684 
685 		idx++;
686 		if (gelf_getshdr(scn, &sh) != &sh) {
687 			pr_warning("failed to get section(%d) header from %s\n",
688 				   idx, obj->path);
689 			return -EIO;
690 		}
691 
692 		sec_name = elf_strptr(elf, ep->e_shstrndx, sh.sh_name);
693 		if (!sec_name) {
694 			pr_warning("failed to get section(%d) name from %s\n",
695 				   idx, obj->path);
696 			return -EIO;
697 		}
698 
699 		if (strcmp(name, sec_name))
700 			continue;
701 
702 		data = elf_getdata(scn, 0);
703 		if (!data) {
704 			pr_warning("failed to get section(%d) data from %s(%s)\n",
705 				   idx, name, obj->path);
706 			return -EIO;
707 		}
708 
709 		*d_size = data->d_size;
710 		return 0;
711 	}
712 
713 	return -ENOENT;
714 }
715 
716 int bpf_object__section_size(const struct bpf_object *obj, const char *name,
717 			     __u32 *size)
718 {
719 	int ret = -ENOENT;
720 	size_t d_size;
721 
722 	*size = 0;
723 	if (!name) {
724 		return -EINVAL;
725 	} else if (!strcmp(name, ".data")) {
726 		if (obj->efile.data)
727 			*size = obj->efile.data->d_size;
728 	} else if (!strcmp(name, ".bss")) {
729 		if (obj->efile.bss)
730 			*size = obj->efile.bss->d_size;
731 	} else if (!strcmp(name, ".rodata")) {
732 		if (obj->efile.rodata)
733 			*size = obj->efile.rodata->d_size;
734 	} else {
735 		ret = bpf_object_search_section_size(obj, name, &d_size);
736 		if (!ret)
737 			*size = d_size;
738 	}
739 
740 	return *size ? 0 : ret;
741 }
742 
743 int bpf_object__variable_offset(const struct bpf_object *obj, const char *name,
744 				__u32 *off)
745 {
746 	Elf_Data *symbols = obj->efile.symbols;
747 	const char *sname;
748 	size_t si;
749 
750 	if (!name || !off)
751 		return -EINVAL;
752 
753 	for (si = 0; si < symbols->d_size / sizeof(GElf_Sym); si++) {
754 		GElf_Sym sym;
755 
756 		if (!gelf_getsym(symbols, si, &sym))
757 			continue;
758 		if (GELF_ST_BIND(sym.st_info) != STB_GLOBAL ||
759 		    GELF_ST_TYPE(sym.st_info) != STT_OBJECT)
760 			continue;
761 
762 		sname = elf_strptr(obj->efile.elf, obj->efile.strtabidx,
763 				   sym.st_name);
764 		if (!sname) {
765 			pr_warning("failed to get sym name string for var %s\n",
766 				   name);
767 			return -EIO;
768 		}
769 		if (strcmp(name, sname) == 0) {
770 			*off = sym.st_value;
771 			return 0;
772 		}
773 	}
774 
775 	return -ENOENT;
776 }
777 
778 static struct bpf_map *bpf_object__add_map(struct bpf_object *obj)
779 {
780 	struct bpf_map *new_maps;
781 	size_t new_cap;
782 	int i;
783 
784 	if (obj->nr_maps < obj->maps_cap)
785 		return &obj->maps[obj->nr_maps++];
786 
787 	new_cap = max((size_t)4, obj->maps_cap * 3 / 2);
788 	new_maps = realloc(obj->maps, new_cap * sizeof(*obj->maps));
789 	if (!new_maps) {
790 		pr_warning("alloc maps for object failed\n");
791 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
792 	}
793 
794 	obj->maps_cap = new_cap;
795 	obj->maps = new_maps;
796 
797 	/* zero out new maps */
798 	memset(obj->maps + obj->nr_maps, 0,
799 	       (obj->maps_cap - obj->nr_maps) * sizeof(*obj->maps));
800 	/*
801 	 * fill all fd with -1 so won't close incorrect fd (fd=0 is stdin)
802 	 * when failure (zclose won't close negative fd)).
803 	 */
804 	for (i = obj->nr_maps; i < obj->maps_cap; i++) {
805 		obj->maps[i].fd = -1;
806 		obj->maps[i].inner_map_fd = -1;
807 	}
808 
809 	return &obj->maps[obj->nr_maps++];
810 }
811 
812 static int
813 bpf_object__init_internal_map(struct bpf_object *obj, enum libbpf_map_type type,
814 			      int sec_idx, Elf_Data *data, void **data_buff)
815 {
816 	char map_name[BPF_OBJ_NAME_LEN];
817 	struct bpf_map_def *def;
818 	struct bpf_map *map;
819 
820 	map = bpf_object__add_map(obj);
821 	if (IS_ERR(map))
822 		return PTR_ERR(map);
823 
824 	map->libbpf_type = type;
825 	map->sec_idx = sec_idx;
826 	map->sec_offset = 0;
827 	snprintf(map_name, sizeof(map_name), "%.8s%.7s", obj->name,
828 		 libbpf_type_to_btf_name[type]);
829 	map->name = strdup(map_name);
830 	if (!map->name) {
831 		pr_warning("failed to alloc map name\n");
832 		return -ENOMEM;
833 	}
834 	pr_debug("map '%s' (global data): at sec_idx %d, offset %zu.\n",
835 		 map_name, map->sec_idx, map->sec_offset);
836 
837 	def = &map->def;
838 	def->type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY;
839 	def->key_size = sizeof(int);
840 	def->value_size = data->d_size;
841 	def->max_entries = 1;
842 	def->map_flags = type == LIBBPF_MAP_RODATA ? BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG : 0;
843 	if (data_buff) {
844 		*data_buff = malloc(data->d_size);
845 		if (!*data_buff) {
846 			zfree(&map->name);
847 			pr_warning("failed to alloc map content buffer\n");
848 			return -ENOMEM;
849 		}
850 		memcpy(*data_buff, data->d_buf, data->d_size);
851 	}
852 
853 	pr_debug("map %td is \"%s\"\n", map - obj->maps, map->name);
854 	return 0;
855 }
856 
857 static int bpf_object__init_global_data_maps(struct bpf_object *obj)
858 {
859 	int err;
860 
861 	if (!obj->caps.global_data)
862 		return 0;
863 	/*
864 	 * Populate obj->maps with libbpf internal maps.
865 	 */
866 	if (obj->efile.data_shndx >= 0) {
867 		err = bpf_object__init_internal_map(obj, LIBBPF_MAP_DATA,
868 						    obj->efile.data_shndx,
869 						    obj->efile.data,
870 						    &obj->sections.data);
871 		if (err)
872 			return err;
873 	}
874 	if (obj->efile.rodata_shndx >= 0) {
875 		err = bpf_object__init_internal_map(obj, LIBBPF_MAP_RODATA,
876 						    obj->efile.rodata_shndx,
877 						    obj->efile.rodata,
878 						    &obj->sections.rodata);
879 		if (err)
880 			return err;
881 	}
882 	if (obj->efile.bss_shndx >= 0) {
883 		err = bpf_object__init_internal_map(obj, LIBBPF_MAP_BSS,
884 						    obj->efile.bss_shndx,
885 						    obj->efile.bss, NULL);
886 		if (err)
887 			return err;
888 	}
889 	return 0;
890 }
891 
892 static int bpf_object__init_user_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, bool strict)
893 {
894 	Elf_Data *symbols = obj->efile.symbols;
895 	int i, map_def_sz = 0, nr_maps = 0, nr_syms;
896 	Elf_Data *data = NULL;
897 	Elf_Scn *scn;
898 
899 	if (obj->efile.maps_shndx < 0)
900 		return 0;
901 
902 	if (!symbols)
903 		return -EINVAL;
904 
905 	scn = elf_getscn(obj->efile.elf, obj->efile.maps_shndx);
906 	if (scn)
907 		data = elf_getdata(scn, NULL);
908 	if (!scn || !data) {
909 		pr_warning("failed to get Elf_Data from map section %d\n",
910 			   obj->efile.maps_shndx);
911 		return -EINVAL;
912 	}
913 
914 	/*
915 	 * Count number of maps. Each map has a name.
916 	 * Array of maps is not supported: only the first element is
917 	 * considered.
918 	 *
919 	 * TODO: Detect array of map and report error.
920 	 */
921 	nr_syms = symbols->d_size / sizeof(GElf_Sym);
922 	for (i = 0; i < nr_syms; i++) {
923 		GElf_Sym sym;
924 
925 		if (!gelf_getsym(symbols, i, &sym))
926 			continue;
927 		if (sym.st_shndx != obj->efile.maps_shndx)
928 			continue;
929 		nr_maps++;
930 	}
931 	/* Assume equally sized map definitions */
932 	pr_debug("maps in %s: %d maps in %zd bytes\n",
933 		 obj->path, nr_maps, data->d_size);
934 
935 	map_def_sz = data->d_size / nr_maps;
936 	if (!data->d_size || (data->d_size % nr_maps) != 0) {
937 		pr_warning("unable to determine map definition size "
938 			   "section %s, %d maps in %zd bytes\n",
939 			   obj->path, nr_maps, data->d_size);
940 		return -EINVAL;
941 	}
942 
943 	/* Fill obj->maps using data in "maps" section.  */
944 	for (i = 0; i < nr_syms; i++) {
945 		GElf_Sym sym;
946 		const char *map_name;
947 		struct bpf_map_def *def;
948 		struct bpf_map *map;
949 
950 		if (!gelf_getsym(symbols, i, &sym))
951 			continue;
952 		if (sym.st_shndx != obj->efile.maps_shndx)
953 			continue;
954 
955 		map = bpf_object__add_map(obj);
956 		if (IS_ERR(map))
957 			return PTR_ERR(map);
958 
959 		map_name = elf_strptr(obj->efile.elf, obj->efile.strtabidx,
960 				      sym.st_name);
961 		if (!map_name) {
962 			pr_warning("failed to get map #%d name sym string for obj %s\n",
963 				   i, obj->path);
964 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
965 		}
966 
967 		map->libbpf_type = LIBBPF_MAP_UNSPEC;
968 		map->sec_idx = sym.st_shndx;
969 		map->sec_offset = sym.st_value;
970 		pr_debug("map '%s' (legacy): at sec_idx %d, offset %zu.\n",
971 			 map_name, map->sec_idx, map->sec_offset);
972 		if (sym.st_value + map_def_sz > data->d_size) {
973 			pr_warning("corrupted maps section in %s: last map \"%s\" too small\n",
974 				   obj->path, map_name);
975 			return -EINVAL;
976 		}
977 
978 		map->name = strdup(map_name);
979 		if (!map->name) {
980 			pr_warning("failed to alloc map name\n");
981 			return -ENOMEM;
982 		}
983 		pr_debug("map %d is \"%s\"\n", i, map->name);
984 		def = (struct bpf_map_def *)(data->d_buf + sym.st_value);
985 		/*
986 		 * If the definition of the map in the object file fits in
987 		 * bpf_map_def, copy it.  Any extra fields in our version
988 		 * of bpf_map_def will default to zero as a result of the
989 		 * calloc above.
990 		 */
991 		if (map_def_sz <= sizeof(struct bpf_map_def)) {
992 			memcpy(&map->def, def, map_def_sz);
993 		} else {
994 			/*
995 			 * Here the map structure being read is bigger than what
996 			 * we expect, truncate if the excess bits are all zero.
997 			 * If they are not zero, reject this map as
998 			 * incompatible.
999 			 */
1000 			char *b;
1001 			for (b = ((char *)def) + sizeof(struct bpf_map_def);
1002 			     b < ((char *)def) + map_def_sz; b++) {
1003 				if (*b != 0) {
1004 					pr_warning("maps section in %s: \"%s\" "
1005 						   "has unrecognized, non-zero "
1006 						   "options\n",
1007 						   obj->path, map_name);
1008 					if (strict)
1009 						return -EINVAL;
1010 				}
1011 			}
1012 			memcpy(&map->def, def, sizeof(struct bpf_map_def));
1013 		}
1014 	}
1015 	return 0;
1016 }
1017 
1018 static const struct btf_type *skip_mods_and_typedefs(const struct btf *btf,
1019 						     __u32 id)
1020 {
1021 	const struct btf_type *t = btf__type_by_id(btf, id);
1022 
1023 	while (true) {
1024 		switch (BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)) {
1025 		case BTF_KIND_VOLATILE:
1026 		case BTF_KIND_CONST:
1027 		case BTF_KIND_RESTRICT:
1028 		case BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF:
1029 			t = btf__type_by_id(btf, t->type);
1030 			break;
1031 		default:
1032 			return t;
1033 		}
1034 	}
1035 }
1036 
1037 /*
1038  * Fetch integer attribute of BTF map definition. Such attributes are
1039  * represented using a pointer to an array, in which dimensionality of array
1040  * encodes specified integer value. E.g., int (*type)[BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY];
1041  * encodes `type => BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY` key/value pair completely using BTF
1042  * type definition, while using only sizeof(void *) space in ELF data section.
1043  */
1044 static bool get_map_field_int(const char *map_name, const struct btf *btf,
1045 			      const struct btf_type *def,
1046 			      const struct btf_member *m, __u32 *res) {
1047 	const struct btf_type *t = skip_mods_and_typedefs(btf, m->type);
1048 	const char *name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, m->name_off);
1049 	const struct btf_array *arr_info;
1050 	const struct btf_type *arr_t;
1051 
1052 	if (!btf_is_ptr(t)) {
1053 		pr_warning("map '%s': attr '%s': expected PTR, got %u.\n",
1054 			   map_name, name, btf_kind(t));
1055 		return false;
1056 	}
1057 
1058 	arr_t = btf__type_by_id(btf, t->type);
1059 	if (!arr_t) {
1060 		pr_warning("map '%s': attr '%s': type [%u] not found.\n",
1061 			   map_name, name, t->type);
1062 		return false;
1063 	}
1064 	if (!btf_is_array(arr_t)) {
1065 		pr_warning("map '%s': attr '%s': expected ARRAY, got %u.\n",
1066 			   map_name, name, btf_kind(arr_t));
1067 		return false;
1068 	}
1069 	arr_info = btf_array(arr_t);
1070 	*res = arr_info->nelems;
1071 	return true;
1072 }
1073 
1074 static int bpf_object__init_user_btf_map(struct bpf_object *obj,
1075 					 const struct btf_type *sec,
1076 					 int var_idx, int sec_idx,
1077 					 const Elf_Data *data, bool strict)
1078 {
1079 	const struct btf_type *var, *def, *t;
1080 	const struct btf_var_secinfo *vi;
1081 	const struct btf_var *var_extra;
1082 	const struct btf_member *m;
1083 	const char *map_name;
1084 	struct bpf_map *map;
1085 	int vlen, i;
1086 
1087 	vi = btf_var_secinfos(sec) + var_idx;
1088 	var = btf__type_by_id(obj->btf, vi->type);
1089 	var_extra = btf_var(var);
1090 	map_name = btf__name_by_offset(obj->btf, var->name_off);
1091 	vlen = btf_vlen(var);
1092 
1093 	if (map_name == NULL || map_name[0] == '\0') {
1094 		pr_warning("map #%d: empty name.\n", var_idx);
1095 		return -EINVAL;
1096 	}
1097 	if ((__u64)vi->offset + vi->size > data->d_size) {
1098 		pr_warning("map '%s' BTF data is corrupted.\n", map_name);
1099 		return -EINVAL;
1100 	}
1101 	if (!btf_is_var(var)) {
1102 		pr_warning("map '%s': unexpected var kind %u.\n",
1103 			   map_name, btf_kind(var));
1104 		return -EINVAL;
1105 	}
1106 	if (var_extra->linkage != BTF_VAR_GLOBAL_ALLOCATED &&
1107 	    var_extra->linkage != BTF_VAR_STATIC) {
1108 		pr_warning("map '%s': unsupported var linkage %u.\n",
1109 			   map_name, var_extra->linkage);
1110 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
1111 	}
1112 
1113 	def = skip_mods_and_typedefs(obj->btf, var->type);
1114 	if (!btf_is_struct(def)) {
1115 		pr_warning("map '%s': unexpected def kind %u.\n",
1116 			   map_name, btf_kind(var));
1117 		return -EINVAL;
1118 	}
1119 	if (def->size > vi->size) {
1120 		pr_warning("map '%s': invalid def size.\n", map_name);
1121 		return -EINVAL;
1122 	}
1123 
1124 	map = bpf_object__add_map(obj);
1125 	if (IS_ERR(map))
1126 		return PTR_ERR(map);
1127 	map->name = strdup(map_name);
1128 	if (!map->name) {
1129 		pr_warning("map '%s': failed to alloc map name.\n", map_name);
1130 		return -ENOMEM;
1131 	}
1132 	map->libbpf_type = LIBBPF_MAP_UNSPEC;
1133 	map->def.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_UNSPEC;
1134 	map->sec_idx = sec_idx;
1135 	map->sec_offset = vi->offset;
1136 	pr_debug("map '%s': at sec_idx %d, offset %zu.\n",
1137 		 map_name, map->sec_idx, map->sec_offset);
1138 
1139 	vlen = btf_vlen(def);
1140 	m = btf_members(def);
1141 	for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, m++) {
1142 		const char *name = btf__name_by_offset(obj->btf, m->name_off);
1143 
1144 		if (!name) {
1145 			pr_warning("map '%s': invalid field #%d.\n",
1146 				   map_name, i);
1147 			return -EINVAL;
1148 		}
1149 		if (strcmp(name, "type") == 0) {
1150 			if (!get_map_field_int(map_name, obj->btf, def, m,
1151 					       &map->def.type))
1152 				return -EINVAL;
1153 			pr_debug("map '%s': found type = %u.\n",
1154 				 map_name, map->def.type);
1155 		} else if (strcmp(name, "max_entries") == 0) {
1156 			if (!get_map_field_int(map_name, obj->btf, def, m,
1157 					       &map->def.max_entries))
1158 				return -EINVAL;
1159 			pr_debug("map '%s': found max_entries = %u.\n",
1160 				 map_name, map->def.max_entries);
1161 		} else if (strcmp(name, "map_flags") == 0) {
1162 			if (!get_map_field_int(map_name, obj->btf, def, m,
1163 					       &map->def.map_flags))
1164 				return -EINVAL;
1165 			pr_debug("map '%s': found map_flags = %u.\n",
1166 				 map_name, map->def.map_flags);
1167 		} else if (strcmp(name, "key_size") == 0) {
1168 			__u32 sz;
1169 
1170 			if (!get_map_field_int(map_name, obj->btf, def, m,
1171 					       &sz))
1172 				return -EINVAL;
1173 			pr_debug("map '%s': found key_size = %u.\n",
1174 				 map_name, sz);
1175 			if (map->def.key_size && map->def.key_size != sz) {
1176 				pr_warning("map '%s': conflicting key size %u != %u.\n",
1177 					   map_name, map->def.key_size, sz);
1178 				return -EINVAL;
1179 			}
1180 			map->def.key_size = sz;
1181 		} else if (strcmp(name, "key") == 0) {
1182 			__s64 sz;
1183 
1184 			t = btf__type_by_id(obj->btf, m->type);
1185 			if (!t) {
1186 				pr_warning("map '%s': key type [%d] not found.\n",
1187 					   map_name, m->type);
1188 				return -EINVAL;
1189 			}
1190 			if (!btf_is_ptr(t)) {
1191 				pr_warning("map '%s': key spec is not PTR: %u.\n",
1192 					   map_name, btf_kind(t));
1193 				return -EINVAL;
1194 			}
1195 			sz = btf__resolve_size(obj->btf, t->type);
1196 			if (sz < 0) {
1197 				pr_warning("map '%s': can't determine key size for type [%u]: %lld.\n",
1198 					   map_name, t->type, sz);
1199 				return sz;
1200 			}
1201 			pr_debug("map '%s': found key [%u], sz = %lld.\n",
1202 				 map_name, t->type, sz);
1203 			if (map->def.key_size && map->def.key_size != sz) {
1204 				pr_warning("map '%s': conflicting key size %u != %lld.\n",
1205 					   map_name, map->def.key_size, sz);
1206 				return -EINVAL;
1207 			}
1208 			map->def.key_size = sz;
1209 			map->btf_key_type_id = t->type;
1210 		} else if (strcmp(name, "value_size") == 0) {
1211 			__u32 sz;
1212 
1213 			if (!get_map_field_int(map_name, obj->btf, def, m,
1214 					       &sz))
1215 				return -EINVAL;
1216 			pr_debug("map '%s': found value_size = %u.\n",
1217 				 map_name, sz);
1218 			if (map->def.value_size && map->def.value_size != sz) {
1219 				pr_warning("map '%s': conflicting value size %u != %u.\n",
1220 					   map_name, map->def.value_size, sz);
1221 				return -EINVAL;
1222 			}
1223 			map->def.value_size = sz;
1224 		} else if (strcmp(name, "value") == 0) {
1225 			__s64 sz;
1226 
1227 			t = btf__type_by_id(obj->btf, m->type);
1228 			if (!t) {
1229 				pr_warning("map '%s': value type [%d] not found.\n",
1230 					   map_name, m->type);
1231 				return -EINVAL;
1232 			}
1233 			if (!btf_is_ptr(t)) {
1234 				pr_warning("map '%s': value spec is not PTR: %u.\n",
1235 					   map_name, btf_kind(t));
1236 				return -EINVAL;
1237 			}
1238 			sz = btf__resolve_size(obj->btf, t->type);
1239 			if (sz < 0) {
1240 				pr_warning("map '%s': can't determine value size for type [%u]: %lld.\n",
1241 					   map_name, t->type, sz);
1242 				return sz;
1243 			}
1244 			pr_debug("map '%s': found value [%u], sz = %lld.\n",
1245 				 map_name, t->type, sz);
1246 			if (map->def.value_size && map->def.value_size != sz) {
1247 				pr_warning("map '%s': conflicting value size %u != %lld.\n",
1248 					   map_name, map->def.value_size, sz);
1249 				return -EINVAL;
1250 			}
1251 			map->def.value_size = sz;
1252 			map->btf_value_type_id = t->type;
1253 		} else {
1254 			if (strict) {
1255 				pr_warning("map '%s': unknown field '%s'.\n",
1256 					   map_name, name);
1257 				return -ENOTSUP;
1258 			}
1259 			pr_debug("map '%s': ignoring unknown field '%s'.\n",
1260 				 map_name, name);
1261 		}
1262 	}
1263 
1264 	if (map->def.type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
1265 		pr_warning("map '%s': map type isn't specified.\n", map_name);
1266 		return -EINVAL;
1267 	}
1268 
1269 	return 0;
1270 }
1271 
1272 static int bpf_object__init_user_btf_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, bool strict)
1273 {
1274 	const struct btf_type *sec = NULL;
1275 	int nr_types, i, vlen, err;
1276 	const struct btf_type *t;
1277 	const char *name;
1278 	Elf_Data *data;
1279 	Elf_Scn *scn;
1280 
1281 	if (obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx < 0)
1282 		return 0;
1283 
1284 	scn = elf_getscn(obj->efile.elf, obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx);
1285 	if (scn)
1286 		data = elf_getdata(scn, NULL);
1287 	if (!scn || !data) {
1288 		pr_warning("failed to get Elf_Data from map section %d (%s)\n",
1289 			   obj->efile.maps_shndx, MAPS_ELF_SEC);
1290 		return -EINVAL;
1291 	}
1292 
1293 	nr_types = btf__get_nr_types(obj->btf);
1294 	for (i = 1; i <= nr_types; i++) {
1295 		t = btf__type_by_id(obj->btf, i);
1296 		if (!btf_is_datasec(t))
1297 			continue;
1298 		name = btf__name_by_offset(obj->btf, t->name_off);
1299 		if (strcmp(name, MAPS_ELF_SEC) == 0) {
1300 			sec = t;
1301 			break;
1302 		}
1303 	}
1304 
1305 	if (!sec) {
1306 		pr_warning("DATASEC '%s' not found.\n", MAPS_ELF_SEC);
1307 		return -ENOENT;
1308 	}
1309 
1310 	vlen = btf_vlen(sec);
1311 	for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) {
1312 		err = bpf_object__init_user_btf_map(obj, sec, i,
1313 						    obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx,
1314 						    data, strict);
1315 		if (err)
1316 			return err;
1317 	}
1318 
1319 	return 0;
1320 }
1321 
1322 static int bpf_object__init_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, int flags)
1323 {
1324 	bool strict = !(flags & MAPS_RELAX_COMPAT);
1325 	int err;
1326 
1327 	err = bpf_object__init_user_maps(obj, strict);
1328 	if (err)
1329 		return err;
1330 
1331 	err = bpf_object__init_user_btf_maps(obj, strict);
1332 	if (err)
1333 		return err;
1334 
1335 	err = bpf_object__init_global_data_maps(obj);
1336 	if (err)
1337 		return err;
1338 
1339 	if (obj->nr_maps) {
1340 		qsort(obj->maps, obj->nr_maps, sizeof(obj->maps[0]),
1341 		      compare_bpf_map);
1342 	}
1343 	return 0;
1344 }
1345 
1346 static bool section_have_execinstr(struct bpf_object *obj, int idx)
1347 {
1348 	Elf_Scn *scn;
1349 	GElf_Shdr sh;
1350 
1351 	scn = elf_getscn(obj->efile.elf, idx);
1352 	if (!scn)
1353 		return false;
1354 
1355 	if (gelf_getshdr(scn, &sh) != &sh)
1356 		return false;
1357 
1358 	if (sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR)
1359 		return true;
1360 
1361 	return false;
1362 }
1363 
1364 static void bpf_object__sanitize_btf(struct bpf_object *obj)
1365 {
1366 	bool has_datasec = obj->caps.btf_datasec;
1367 	bool has_func = obj->caps.btf_func;
1368 	struct btf *btf = obj->btf;
1369 	struct btf_type *t;
1370 	int i, j, vlen;
1371 
1372 	if (!obj->btf || (has_func && has_datasec))
1373 		return;
1374 
1375 	for (i = 1; i <= btf__get_nr_types(btf); i++) {
1376 		t = (struct btf_type *)btf__type_by_id(btf, i);
1377 
1378 		if (!has_datasec && btf_is_var(t)) {
1379 			/* replace VAR with INT */
1380 			t->info = BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_INT, 0, 0);
1381 			t->size = sizeof(int);
1382 			*(int *)(t + 1) = BTF_INT_ENC(0, 0, 32);
1383 		} else if (!has_datasec && btf_is_datasec(t)) {
1384 			/* replace DATASEC with STRUCT */
1385 			const struct btf_var_secinfo *v = btf_var_secinfos(t);
1386 			struct btf_member *m = btf_members(t);
1387 			struct btf_type *vt;
1388 			char *name;
1389 
1390 			name = (char *)btf__name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
1391 			while (*name) {
1392 				if (*name == '.')
1393 					*name = '_';
1394 				name++;
1395 			}
1396 
1397 			vlen = btf_vlen(t);
1398 			t->info = BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_STRUCT, 0, vlen);
1399 			for (j = 0; j < vlen; j++, v++, m++) {
1400 				/* order of field assignments is important */
1401 				m->offset = v->offset * 8;
1402 				m->type = v->type;
1403 				/* preserve variable name as member name */
1404 				vt = (void *)btf__type_by_id(btf, v->type);
1405 				m->name_off = vt->name_off;
1406 			}
1407 		} else if (!has_func && btf_is_func_proto(t)) {
1408 			/* replace FUNC_PROTO with ENUM */
1409 			vlen = btf_vlen(t);
1410 			t->info = BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_ENUM, 0, vlen);
1411 			t->size = sizeof(__u32); /* kernel enforced */
1412 		} else if (!has_func && btf_is_func(t)) {
1413 			/* replace FUNC with TYPEDEF */
1414 			t->info = BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF, 0, 0);
1415 		}
1416 	}
1417 }
1418 
1419 static void bpf_object__sanitize_btf_ext(struct bpf_object *obj)
1420 {
1421 	if (!obj->btf_ext)
1422 		return;
1423 
1424 	if (!obj->caps.btf_func) {
1425 		btf_ext__free(obj->btf_ext);
1426 		obj->btf_ext = NULL;
1427 	}
1428 }
1429 
1430 static bool bpf_object__is_btf_mandatory(const struct bpf_object *obj)
1431 {
1432 	return obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx >= 0;
1433 }
1434 
1435 static int bpf_object__init_btf(struct bpf_object *obj,
1436 				Elf_Data *btf_data,
1437 				Elf_Data *btf_ext_data)
1438 {
1439 	bool btf_required = bpf_object__is_btf_mandatory(obj);
1440 	int err = 0;
1441 
1442 	if (btf_data) {
1443 		obj->btf = btf__new(btf_data->d_buf, btf_data->d_size);
1444 		if (IS_ERR(obj->btf)) {
1445 			pr_warning("Error loading ELF section %s: %d.\n",
1446 				   BTF_ELF_SEC, err);
1447 			goto out;
1448 		}
1449 		err = btf__finalize_data(obj, obj->btf);
1450 		if (err) {
1451 			pr_warning("Error finalizing %s: %d.\n",
1452 				   BTF_ELF_SEC, err);
1453 			goto out;
1454 		}
1455 	}
1456 	if (btf_ext_data) {
1457 		if (!obj->btf) {
1458 			pr_debug("Ignore ELF section %s because its depending ELF section %s is not found.\n",
1459 				 BTF_EXT_ELF_SEC, BTF_ELF_SEC);
1460 			goto out;
1461 		}
1462 		obj->btf_ext = btf_ext__new(btf_ext_data->d_buf,
1463 					    btf_ext_data->d_size);
1464 		if (IS_ERR(obj->btf_ext)) {
1465 			pr_warning("Error loading ELF section %s: %ld. Ignored and continue.\n",
1466 				   BTF_EXT_ELF_SEC, PTR_ERR(obj->btf_ext));
1467 			obj->btf_ext = NULL;
1468 			goto out;
1469 		}
1470 	}
1471 out:
1472 	if (err || IS_ERR(obj->btf)) {
1473 		if (btf_required)
1474 			err = err ? : PTR_ERR(obj->btf);
1475 		else
1476 			err = 0;
1477 		if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(obj->btf))
1478 			btf__free(obj->btf);
1479 		obj->btf = NULL;
1480 	}
1481 	if (btf_required && !obj->btf) {
1482 		pr_warning("BTF is required, but is missing or corrupted.\n");
1483 		return err == 0 ? -ENOENT : err;
1484 	}
1485 	return 0;
1486 }
1487 
1488 static int bpf_object__sanitize_and_load_btf(struct bpf_object *obj)
1489 {
1490 	int err = 0;
1491 
1492 	if (!obj->btf)
1493 		return 0;
1494 
1495 	bpf_object__sanitize_btf(obj);
1496 	bpf_object__sanitize_btf_ext(obj);
1497 
1498 	err = btf__load(obj->btf);
1499 	if (err) {
1500 		pr_warning("Error loading %s into kernel: %d.\n",
1501 			   BTF_ELF_SEC, err);
1502 		btf__free(obj->btf);
1503 		obj->btf = NULL;
1504 		if (bpf_object__is_btf_mandatory(obj))
1505 			return err;
1506 	}
1507 	return 0;
1508 }
1509 
1510 static int bpf_object__elf_collect(struct bpf_object *obj, int flags)
1511 {
1512 	Elf *elf = obj->efile.elf;
1513 	GElf_Ehdr *ep = &obj->efile.ehdr;
1514 	Elf_Data *btf_ext_data = NULL;
1515 	Elf_Data *btf_data = NULL;
1516 	Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
1517 	int idx = 0, err = 0;
1518 
1519 	/* Elf is corrupted/truncated, avoid calling elf_strptr. */
1520 	if (!elf_rawdata(elf_getscn(elf, ep->e_shstrndx), NULL)) {
1521 		pr_warning("failed to get e_shstrndx from %s\n", obj->path);
1522 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
1523 	}
1524 
1525 	while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
1526 		char *name;
1527 		GElf_Shdr sh;
1528 		Elf_Data *data;
1529 
1530 		idx++;
1531 		if (gelf_getshdr(scn, &sh) != &sh) {
1532 			pr_warning("failed to get section(%d) header from %s\n",
1533 				   idx, obj->path);
1534 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
1535 		}
1536 
1537 		name = elf_strptr(elf, ep->e_shstrndx, sh.sh_name);
1538 		if (!name) {
1539 			pr_warning("failed to get section(%d) name from %s\n",
1540 				   idx, obj->path);
1541 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
1542 		}
1543 
1544 		data = elf_getdata(scn, 0);
1545 		if (!data) {
1546 			pr_warning("failed to get section(%d) data from %s(%s)\n",
1547 				   idx, name, obj->path);
1548 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
1549 		}
1550 		pr_debug("section(%d) %s, size %ld, link %d, flags %lx, type=%d\n",
1551 			 idx, name, (unsigned long)data->d_size,
1552 			 (int)sh.sh_link, (unsigned long)sh.sh_flags,
1553 			 (int)sh.sh_type);
1554 
1555 		if (strcmp(name, "license") == 0) {
1556 			err = bpf_object__init_license(obj,
1557 						       data->d_buf,
1558 						       data->d_size);
1559 			if (err)
1560 				return err;
1561 		} else if (strcmp(name, "version") == 0) {
1562 			err = bpf_object__init_kversion(obj,
1563 							data->d_buf,
1564 							data->d_size);
1565 			if (err)
1566 				return err;
1567 		} else if (strcmp(name, "maps") == 0) {
1568 			obj->efile.maps_shndx = idx;
1569 		} else if (strcmp(name, MAPS_ELF_SEC) == 0) {
1570 			obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx = idx;
1571 		} else if (strcmp(name, BTF_ELF_SEC) == 0) {
1572 			btf_data = data;
1573 		} else if (strcmp(name, BTF_EXT_ELF_SEC) == 0) {
1574 			btf_ext_data = data;
1575 		} else if (sh.sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB) {
1576 			if (obj->efile.symbols) {
1577 				pr_warning("bpf: multiple SYMTAB in %s\n",
1578 					   obj->path);
1579 				return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
1580 			}
1581 			obj->efile.symbols = data;
1582 			obj->efile.strtabidx = sh.sh_link;
1583 		} else if (sh.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS && data->d_size > 0) {
1584 			if (sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) {
1585 				if (strcmp(name, ".text") == 0)
1586 					obj->efile.text_shndx = idx;
1587 				err = bpf_object__add_program(obj, data->d_buf,
1588 							      data->d_size, name, idx);
1589 				if (err) {
1590 					char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
1591 					char *cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg,
1592 								     sizeof(errmsg));
1593 
1594 					pr_warning("failed to alloc program %s (%s): %s",
1595 						   name, obj->path, cp);
1596 					return err;
1597 				}
1598 			} else if (strcmp(name, ".data") == 0) {
1599 				obj->efile.data = data;
1600 				obj->efile.data_shndx = idx;
1601 			} else if (strcmp(name, ".rodata") == 0) {
1602 				obj->efile.rodata = data;
1603 				obj->efile.rodata_shndx = idx;
1604 			} else {
1605 				pr_debug("skip section(%d) %s\n", idx, name);
1606 			}
1607 		} else if (sh.sh_type == SHT_REL) {
1608 			int nr_reloc = obj->efile.nr_reloc;
1609 			void *reloc = obj->efile.reloc;
1610 			int sec = sh.sh_info; /* points to other section */
1611 
1612 			/* Only do relo for section with exec instructions */
1613 			if (!section_have_execinstr(obj, sec)) {
1614 				pr_debug("skip relo %s(%d) for section(%d)\n",
1615 					 name, idx, sec);
1616 				continue;
1617 			}
1618 
1619 			reloc = reallocarray(reloc, nr_reloc + 1,
1620 					     sizeof(*obj->efile.reloc));
1621 			if (!reloc) {
1622 				pr_warning("realloc failed\n");
1623 				return -ENOMEM;
1624 			}
1625 
1626 			obj->efile.reloc = reloc;
1627 			obj->efile.nr_reloc++;
1628 
1629 			obj->efile.reloc[nr_reloc].shdr = sh;
1630 			obj->efile.reloc[nr_reloc].data = data;
1631 		} else if (sh.sh_type == SHT_NOBITS && strcmp(name, ".bss") == 0) {
1632 			obj->efile.bss = data;
1633 			obj->efile.bss_shndx = idx;
1634 		} else {
1635 			pr_debug("skip section(%d) %s\n", idx, name);
1636 		}
1637 	}
1638 
1639 	if (!obj->efile.strtabidx || obj->efile.strtabidx >= idx) {
1640 		pr_warning("Corrupted ELF file: index of strtab invalid\n");
1641 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
1642 	}
1643 	err = bpf_object__init_btf(obj, btf_data, btf_ext_data);
1644 	if (!err)
1645 		err = bpf_object__init_maps(obj, flags);
1646 	if (!err)
1647 		err = bpf_object__sanitize_and_load_btf(obj);
1648 	if (!err)
1649 		err = bpf_object__init_prog_names(obj);
1650 	return err;
1651 }
1652 
1653 static struct bpf_program *
1654 bpf_object__find_prog_by_idx(struct bpf_object *obj, int idx)
1655 {
1656 	struct bpf_program *prog;
1657 	size_t i;
1658 
1659 	for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_programs; i++) {
1660 		prog = &obj->programs[i];
1661 		if (prog->idx == idx)
1662 			return prog;
1663 	}
1664 	return NULL;
1665 }
1666 
1667 struct bpf_program *
1668 bpf_object__find_program_by_title(const struct bpf_object *obj,
1669 				  const char *title)
1670 {
1671 	struct bpf_program *pos;
1672 
1673 	bpf_object__for_each_program(pos, obj) {
1674 		if (pos->section_name && !strcmp(pos->section_name, title))
1675 			return pos;
1676 	}
1677 	return NULL;
1678 }
1679 
1680 static bool bpf_object__shndx_is_data(const struct bpf_object *obj,
1681 				      int shndx)
1682 {
1683 	return shndx == obj->efile.data_shndx ||
1684 	       shndx == obj->efile.bss_shndx ||
1685 	       shndx == obj->efile.rodata_shndx;
1686 }
1687 
1688 static bool bpf_object__shndx_is_maps(const struct bpf_object *obj,
1689 				      int shndx)
1690 {
1691 	return shndx == obj->efile.maps_shndx ||
1692 	       shndx == obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx;
1693 }
1694 
1695 static bool bpf_object__relo_in_known_section(const struct bpf_object *obj,
1696 					      int shndx)
1697 {
1698 	return shndx == obj->efile.text_shndx ||
1699 	       bpf_object__shndx_is_maps(obj, shndx) ||
1700 	       bpf_object__shndx_is_data(obj, shndx);
1701 }
1702 
1703 static enum libbpf_map_type
1704 bpf_object__section_to_libbpf_map_type(const struct bpf_object *obj, int shndx)
1705 {
1706 	if (shndx == obj->efile.data_shndx)
1707 		return LIBBPF_MAP_DATA;
1708 	else if (shndx == obj->efile.bss_shndx)
1709 		return LIBBPF_MAP_BSS;
1710 	else if (shndx == obj->efile.rodata_shndx)
1711 		return LIBBPF_MAP_RODATA;
1712 	else
1713 		return LIBBPF_MAP_UNSPEC;
1714 }
1715 
1716 static int
1717 bpf_program__collect_reloc(struct bpf_program *prog, GElf_Shdr *shdr,
1718 			   Elf_Data *data, struct bpf_object *obj)
1719 {
1720 	Elf_Data *symbols = obj->efile.symbols;
1721 	struct bpf_map *maps = obj->maps;
1722 	size_t nr_maps = obj->nr_maps;
1723 	int i, nrels;
1724 
1725 	pr_debug("collecting relocating info for: '%s'\n", prog->section_name);
1726 	nrels = shdr->sh_size / shdr->sh_entsize;
1727 
1728 	prog->reloc_desc = malloc(sizeof(*prog->reloc_desc) * nrels);
1729 	if (!prog->reloc_desc) {
1730 		pr_warning("failed to alloc memory in relocation\n");
1731 		return -ENOMEM;
1732 	}
1733 	prog->nr_reloc = nrels;
1734 
1735 	for (i = 0; i < nrels; i++) {
1736 		struct bpf_insn *insns = prog->insns;
1737 		enum libbpf_map_type type;
1738 		unsigned int insn_idx;
1739 		unsigned int shdr_idx;
1740 		const char *name;
1741 		size_t map_idx;
1742 		GElf_Sym sym;
1743 		GElf_Rel rel;
1744 
1745 		if (!gelf_getrel(data, i, &rel)) {
1746 			pr_warning("relocation: failed to get %d reloc\n", i);
1747 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
1748 		}
1749 
1750 		if (!gelf_getsym(symbols, GELF_R_SYM(rel.r_info), &sym)) {
1751 			pr_warning("relocation: symbol %"PRIx64" not found\n",
1752 				   GELF_R_SYM(rel.r_info));
1753 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
1754 		}
1755 
1756 		name = elf_strptr(obj->efile.elf, obj->efile.strtabidx,
1757 				  sym.st_name) ? : "<?>";
1758 
1759 		pr_debug("relo for %lld value %lld name %d (\'%s\')\n",
1760 			 (long long) (rel.r_info >> 32),
1761 			 (long long) sym.st_value, sym.st_name, name);
1762 
1763 		shdr_idx = sym.st_shndx;
1764 		insn_idx = rel.r_offset / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
1765 		pr_debug("relocation: insn_idx=%u, shdr_idx=%u\n",
1766 			 insn_idx, shdr_idx);
1767 
1768 		if (shdr_idx >= SHN_LORESERVE) {
1769 			pr_warning("relocation: not yet supported relo for non-static global \'%s\' variable in special section (0x%x) found in insns[%d].code 0x%x\n",
1770 				   name, shdr_idx, insn_idx,
1771 				   insns[insn_idx].code);
1772 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
1773 		}
1774 		if (!bpf_object__relo_in_known_section(obj, shdr_idx)) {
1775 			pr_warning("Program '%s' contains unrecognized relo data pointing to section %u\n",
1776 				   prog->section_name, shdr_idx);
1777 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
1778 		}
1779 
1780 		if (insns[insn_idx].code == (BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL)) {
1781 			if (insns[insn_idx].src_reg != BPF_PSEUDO_CALL) {
1782 				pr_warning("incorrect bpf_call opcode\n");
1783 				return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
1784 			}
1785 			prog->reloc_desc[i].type = RELO_CALL;
1786 			prog->reloc_desc[i].insn_idx = insn_idx;
1787 			prog->reloc_desc[i].text_off = sym.st_value;
1788 			obj->has_pseudo_calls = true;
1789 			continue;
1790 		}
1791 
1792 		if (insns[insn_idx].code != (BPF_LD | BPF_IMM | BPF_DW)) {
1793 			pr_warning("bpf: relocation: invalid relo for insns[%d].code 0x%x\n",
1794 				   insn_idx, insns[insn_idx].code);
1795 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
1796 		}
1797 
1798 		if (bpf_object__shndx_is_maps(obj, shdr_idx) ||
1799 		    bpf_object__shndx_is_data(obj, shdr_idx)) {
1800 			type = bpf_object__section_to_libbpf_map_type(obj, shdr_idx);
1801 			if (type != LIBBPF_MAP_UNSPEC) {
1802 				if (GELF_ST_BIND(sym.st_info) == STB_GLOBAL) {
1803 					pr_warning("bpf: relocation: not yet supported relo for non-static global \'%s\' variable found in insns[%d].code 0x%x\n",
1804 						   name, insn_idx, insns[insn_idx].code);
1805 					return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
1806 				}
1807 				if (!obj->caps.global_data) {
1808 					pr_warning("bpf: relocation: kernel does not support global \'%s\' variable access in insns[%d]\n",
1809 						   name, insn_idx);
1810 					return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
1811 				}
1812 			}
1813 
1814 			for (map_idx = 0; map_idx < nr_maps; map_idx++) {
1815 				if (maps[map_idx].libbpf_type != type)
1816 					continue;
1817 				if (type != LIBBPF_MAP_UNSPEC ||
1818 				    (maps[map_idx].sec_idx == sym.st_shndx &&
1819 				     maps[map_idx].sec_offset == sym.st_value)) {
1820 					pr_debug("relocation: found map %zd (%s, sec_idx %d, offset %zu) for insn %u\n",
1821 						 map_idx, maps[map_idx].name,
1822 						 maps[map_idx].sec_idx,
1823 						 maps[map_idx].sec_offset,
1824 						 insn_idx);
1825 					break;
1826 				}
1827 			}
1828 
1829 			if (map_idx >= nr_maps) {
1830 				pr_warning("bpf relocation: map_idx %d larger than %d\n",
1831 					   (int)map_idx, (int)nr_maps - 1);
1832 				return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
1833 			}
1834 
1835 			prog->reloc_desc[i].type = type != LIBBPF_MAP_UNSPEC ?
1836 						   RELO_DATA : RELO_LD64;
1837 			prog->reloc_desc[i].insn_idx = insn_idx;
1838 			prog->reloc_desc[i].map_idx = map_idx;
1839 		}
1840 	}
1841 	return 0;
1842 }
1843 
1844 static int bpf_map_find_btf_info(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
1845 {
1846 	struct bpf_map_def *def = &map->def;
1847 	__u32 key_type_id = 0, value_type_id = 0;
1848 	int ret;
1849 
1850 	/* if it's BTF-defined map, we don't need to search for type IDs */
1851 	if (map->sec_idx == obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx)
1852 		return 0;
1853 
1854 	if (!bpf_map__is_internal(map)) {
1855 		ret = btf__get_map_kv_tids(obj->btf, map->name, def->key_size,
1856 					   def->value_size, &key_type_id,
1857 					   &value_type_id);
1858 	} else {
1859 		/*
1860 		 * LLVM annotates global data differently in BTF, that is,
1861 		 * only as '.data', '.bss' or '.rodata'.
1862 		 */
1863 		ret = btf__find_by_name(obj->btf,
1864 				libbpf_type_to_btf_name[map->libbpf_type]);
1865 	}
1866 	if (ret < 0)
1867 		return ret;
1868 
1869 	map->btf_key_type_id = key_type_id;
1870 	map->btf_value_type_id = bpf_map__is_internal(map) ?
1871 				 ret : value_type_id;
1872 	return 0;
1873 }
1874 
1875 int bpf_map__reuse_fd(struct bpf_map *map, int fd)
1876 {
1877 	struct bpf_map_info info = {};
1878 	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
1879 	int new_fd, err;
1880 	char *new_name;
1881 
1882 	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
1883 	if (err)
1884 		return err;
1885 
1886 	new_name = strdup(info.name);
1887 	if (!new_name)
1888 		return -errno;
1889 
1890 	new_fd = open("/", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
1891 	if (new_fd < 0)
1892 		goto err_free_new_name;
1893 
1894 	new_fd = dup3(fd, new_fd, O_CLOEXEC);
1895 	if (new_fd < 0)
1896 		goto err_close_new_fd;
1897 
1898 	err = zclose(map->fd);
1899 	if (err)
1900 		goto err_close_new_fd;
1901 	free(map->name);
1902 
1903 	map->fd = new_fd;
1904 	map->name = new_name;
1905 	map->def.type = info.type;
1906 	map->def.key_size = info.key_size;
1907 	map->def.value_size = info.value_size;
1908 	map->def.max_entries = info.max_entries;
1909 	map->def.map_flags = info.map_flags;
1910 	map->btf_key_type_id = info.btf_key_type_id;
1911 	map->btf_value_type_id = info.btf_value_type_id;
1912 
1913 	return 0;
1914 
1915 err_close_new_fd:
1916 	close(new_fd);
1917 err_free_new_name:
1918 	free(new_name);
1919 	return -errno;
1920 }
1921 
1922 int bpf_map__resize(struct bpf_map *map, __u32 max_entries)
1923 {
1924 	if (!map || !max_entries)
1925 		return -EINVAL;
1926 
1927 	/* If map already created, its attributes can't be changed. */
1928 	if (map->fd >= 0)
1929 		return -EBUSY;
1930 
1931 	map->def.max_entries = max_entries;
1932 
1933 	return 0;
1934 }
1935 
1936 static int
1937 bpf_object__probe_name(struct bpf_object *obj)
1938 {
1939 	struct bpf_load_program_attr attr;
1940 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
1941 	struct bpf_insn insns[] = {
1942 		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),
1943 		BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
1944 	};
1945 	int ret;
1946 
1947 	/* make sure basic loading works */
1948 
1949 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
1950 	attr.prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER;
1951 	attr.insns = insns;
1952 	attr.insns_cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(insns);
1953 	attr.license = "GPL";
1954 
1955 	ret = bpf_load_program_xattr(&attr, NULL, 0);
1956 	if (ret < 0) {
1957 		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
1958 		pr_warning("Error in %s():%s(%d). Couldn't load basic 'r0 = 0' BPF program.\n",
1959 			   __func__, cp, errno);
1960 		return -errno;
1961 	}
1962 	close(ret);
1963 
1964 	/* now try the same program, but with the name */
1965 
1966 	attr.name = "test";
1967 	ret = bpf_load_program_xattr(&attr, NULL, 0);
1968 	if (ret >= 0) {
1969 		obj->caps.name = 1;
1970 		close(ret);
1971 	}
1972 
1973 	return 0;
1974 }
1975 
1976 static int
1977 bpf_object__probe_global_data(struct bpf_object *obj)
1978 {
1979 	struct bpf_load_program_attr prg_attr;
1980 	struct bpf_create_map_attr map_attr;
1981 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
1982 	struct bpf_insn insns[] = {
1983 		BPF_LD_MAP_VALUE(BPF_REG_1, 0, 16),
1984 		BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_1, 0, 42),
1985 		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),
1986 		BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
1987 	};
1988 	int ret, map;
1989 
1990 	memset(&map_attr, 0, sizeof(map_attr));
1991 	map_attr.map_type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY;
1992 	map_attr.key_size = sizeof(int);
1993 	map_attr.value_size = 32;
1994 	map_attr.max_entries = 1;
1995 
1996 	map = bpf_create_map_xattr(&map_attr);
1997 	if (map < 0) {
1998 		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
1999 		pr_warning("Error in %s():%s(%d). Couldn't create simple array map.\n",
2000 			   __func__, cp, errno);
2001 		return -errno;
2002 	}
2003 
2004 	insns[0].imm = map;
2005 
2006 	memset(&prg_attr, 0, sizeof(prg_attr));
2007 	prg_attr.prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER;
2008 	prg_attr.insns = insns;
2009 	prg_attr.insns_cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(insns);
2010 	prg_attr.license = "GPL";
2011 
2012 	ret = bpf_load_program_xattr(&prg_attr, NULL, 0);
2013 	if (ret >= 0) {
2014 		obj->caps.global_data = 1;
2015 		close(ret);
2016 	}
2017 
2018 	close(map);
2019 	return 0;
2020 }
2021 
2022 static int bpf_object__probe_btf_func(struct bpf_object *obj)
2023 {
2024 	const char strs[] = "\0int\0x\0a";
2025 	/* void x(int a) {} */
2026 	__u32 types[] = {
2027 		/* int */
2028 		BTF_TYPE_INT_ENC(1, BTF_INT_SIGNED, 0, 32, 4),  /* [1] */
2029 		/* FUNC_PROTO */                                /* [2] */
2030 		BTF_TYPE_ENC(0, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO, 0, 1), 0),
2031 		BTF_PARAM_ENC(7, 1),
2032 		/* FUNC x */                                    /* [3] */
2033 		BTF_TYPE_ENC(5, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_FUNC, 0, 0), 2),
2034 	};
2035 	int btf_fd;
2036 
2037 	btf_fd = libbpf__load_raw_btf((char *)types, sizeof(types),
2038 				      strs, sizeof(strs));
2039 	if (btf_fd >= 0) {
2040 		obj->caps.btf_func = 1;
2041 		close(btf_fd);
2042 		return 1;
2043 	}
2044 
2045 	return 0;
2046 }
2047 
2048 static int bpf_object__probe_btf_datasec(struct bpf_object *obj)
2049 {
2050 	const char strs[] = "\0x\0.data";
2051 	/* static int a; */
2052 	__u32 types[] = {
2053 		/* int */
2054 		BTF_TYPE_INT_ENC(0, BTF_INT_SIGNED, 0, 32, 4),  /* [1] */
2055 		/* VAR x */                                     /* [2] */
2056 		BTF_TYPE_ENC(1, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_VAR, 0, 0), 1),
2057 		BTF_VAR_STATIC,
2058 		/* DATASEC val */                               /* [3] */
2059 		BTF_TYPE_ENC(3, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_DATASEC, 0, 1), 4),
2060 		BTF_VAR_SECINFO_ENC(2, 0, 4),
2061 	};
2062 	int btf_fd;
2063 
2064 	btf_fd = libbpf__load_raw_btf((char *)types, sizeof(types),
2065 				      strs, sizeof(strs));
2066 	if (btf_fd >= 0) {
2067 		obj->caps.btf_datasec = 1;
2068 		close(btf_fd);
2069 		return 1;
2070 	}
2071 
2072 	return 0;
2073 }
2074 
2075 static int
2076 bpf_object__probe_caps(struct bpf_object *obj)
2077 {
2078 	int (*probe_fn[])(struct bpf_object *obj) = {
2079 		bpf_object__probe_name,
2080 		bpf_object__probe_global_data,
2081 		bpf_object__probe_btf_func,
2082 		bpf_object__probe_btf_datasec,
2083 	};
2084 	int i, ret;
2085 
2086 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(probe_fn); i++) {
2087 		ret = probe_fn[i](obj);
2088 		if (ret < 0)
2089 			pr_debug("Probe #%d failed with %d.\n", i, ret);
2090 	}
2091 
2092 	return 0;
2093 }
2094 
2095 static int
2096 bpf_object__populate_internal_map(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
2097 {
2098 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
2099 	int err, zero = 0;
2100 	__u8 *data;
2101 
2102 	/* Nothing to do here since kernel already zero-initializes .bss map. */
2103 	if (map->libbpf_type == LIBBPF_MAP_BSS)
2104 		return 0;
2105 
2106 	data = map->libbpf_type == LIBBPF_MAP_DATA ?
2107 	       obj->sections.data : obj->sections.rodata;
2108 
2109 	err = bpf_map_update_elem(map->fd, &zero, data, 0);
2110 	/* Freeze .rodata map as read-only from syscall side. */
2111 	if (!err && map->libbpf_type == LIBBPF_MAP_RODATA) {
2112 		err = bpf_map_freeze(map->fd);
2113 		if (err) {
2114 			cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
2115 			pr_warning("Error freezing map(%s) as read-only: %s\n",
2116 				   map->name, cp);
2117 			err = 0;
2118 		}
2119 	}
2120 	return err;
2121 }
2122 
2123 static int
2124 bpf_object__create_maps(struct bpf_object *obj)
2125 {
2126 	struct bpf_create_map_attr create_attr = {};
2127 	int nr_cpus = 0;
2128 	unsigned int i;
2129 	int err;
2130 
2131 	for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_maps; i++) {
2132 		struct bpf_map *map = &obj->maps[i];
2133 		struct bpf_map_def *def = &map->def;
2134 		char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
2135 		int *pfd = &map->fd;
2136 
2137 		if (map->fd >= 0) {
2138 			pr_debug("skip map create (preset) %s: fd=%d\n",
2139 				 map->name, map->fd);
2140 			continue;
2141 		}
2142 
2143 		if (obj->caps.name)
2144 			create_attr.name = map->name;
2145 		create_attr.map_ifindex = map->map_ifindex;
2146 		create_attr.map_type = def->type;
2147 		create_attr.map_flags = def->map_flags;
2148 		create_attr.key_size = def->key_size;
2149 		create_attr.value_size = def->value_size;
2150 		if (def->type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY &&
2151 		    !def->max_entries) {
2152 			if (!nr_cpus)
2153 				nr_cpus = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
2154 			if (nr_cpus < 0) {
2155 				pr_warning("failed to determine number of system CPUs: %d\n",
2156 					   nr_cpus);
2157 				err = nr_cpus;
2158 				goto err_out;
2159 			}
2160 			pr_debug("map '%s': setting size to %d\n",
2161 				 map->name, nr_cpus);
2162 			create_attr.max_entries = nr_cpus;
2163 		} else {
2164 			create_attr.max_entries = def->max_entries;
2165 		}
2166 		create_attr.btf_fd = 0;
2167 		create_attr.btf_key_type_id = 0;
2168 		create_attr.btf_value_type_id = 0;
2169 		if (bpf_map_type__is_map_in_map(def->type) &&
2170 		    map->inner_map_fd >= 0)
2171 			create_attr.inner_map_fd = map->inner_map_fd;
2172 
2173 		if (obj->btf && !bpf_map_find_btf_info(obj, map)) {
2174 			create_attr.btf_fd = btf__fd(obj->btf);
2175 			create_attr.btf_key_type_id = map->btf_key_type_id;
2176 			create_attr.btf_value_type_id = map->btf_value_type_id;
2177 		}
2178 
2179 		*pfd = bpf_create_map_xattr(&create_attr);
2180 		if (*pfd < 0 && (create_attr.btf_key_type_id ||
2181 				 create_attr.btf_value_type_id)) {
2182 			err = -errno;
2183 			cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
2184 			pr_warning("Error in bpf_create_map_xattr(%s):%s(%d). Retrying without BTF.\n",
2185 				   map->name, cp, err);
2186 			create_attr.btf_fd = 0;
2187 			create_attr.btf_key_type_id = 0;
2188 			create_attr.btf_value_type_id = 0;
2189 			map->btf_key_type_id = 0;
2190 			map->btf_value_type_id = 0;
2191 			*pfd = bpf_create_map_xattr(&create_attr);
2192 		}
2193 
2194 		if (*pfd < 0) {
2195 			size_t j;
2196 
2197 			err = -errno;
2198 err_out:
2199 			cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
2200 			pr_warning("failed to create map (name: '%s'): %s(%d)\n",
2201 				   map->name, cp, err);
2202 			for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
2203 				zclose(obj->maps[j].fd);
2204 			return err;
2205 		}
2206 
2207 		if (bpf_map__is_internal(map)) {
2208 			err = bpf_object__populate_internal_map(obj, map);
2209 			if (err < 0) {
2210 				zclose(*pfd);
2211 				goto err_out;
2212 			}
2213 		}
2214 
2215 		pr_debug("created map %s: fd=%d\n", map->name, *pfd);
2216 	}
2217 
2218 	return 0;
2219 }
2220 
2221 static int
2222 check_btf_ext_reloc_err(struct bpf_program *prog, int err,
2223 			void *btf_prog_info, const char *info_name)
2224 {
2225 	if (err != -ENOENT) {
2226 		pr_warning("Error in loading %s for sec %s.\n",
2227 			   info_name, prog->section_name);
2228 		return err;
2229 	}
2230 
2231 	/* err == -ENOENT (i.e. prog->section_name not found in btf_ext) */
2232 
2233 	if (btf_prog_info) {
2234 		/*
2235 		 * Some info has already been found but has problem
2236 		 * in the last btf_ext reloc. Must have to error out.
2237 		 */
2238 		pr_warning("Error in relocating %s for sec %s.\n",
2239 			   info_name, prog->section_name);
2240 		return err;
2241 	}
2242 
2243 	/* Have problem loading the very first info. Ignore the rest. */
2244 	pr_warning("Cannot find %s for main program sec %s. Ignore all %s.\n",
2245 		   info_name, prog->section_name, info_name);
2246 	return 0;
2247 }
2248 
2249 static int
2250 bpf_program_reloc_btf_ext(struct bpf_program *prog, struct bpf_object *obj,
2251 			  const char *section_name,  __u32 insn_offset)
2252 {
2253 	int err;
2254 
2255 	if (!insn_offset || prog->func_info) {
2256 		/*
2257 		 * !insn_offset => main program
2258 		 *
2259 		 * For sub prog, the main program's func_info has to
2260 		 * be loaded first (i.e. prog->func_info != NULL)
2261 		 */
2262 		err = btf_ext__reloc_func_info(obj->btf, obj->btf_ext,
2263 					       section_name, insn_offset,
2264 					       &prog->func_info,
2265 					       &prog->func_info_cnt);
2266 		if (err)
2267 			return check_btf_ext_reloc_err(prog, err,
2268 						       prog->func_info,
2269 						       "bpf_func_info");
2270 
2271 		prog->func_info_rec_size = btf_ext__func_info_rec_size(obj->btf_ext);
2272 	}
2273 
2274 	if (!insn_offset || prog->line_info) {
2275 		err = btf_ext__reloc_line_info(obj->btf, obj->btf_ext,
2276 					       section_name, insn_offset,
2277 					       &prog->line_info,
2278 					       &prog->line_info_cnt);
2279 		if (err)
2280 			return check_btf_ext_reloc_err(prog, err,
2281 						       prog->line_info,
2282 						       "bpf_line_info");
2283 
2284 		prog->line_info_rec_size = btf_ext__line_info_rec_size(obj->btf_ext);
2285 	}
2286 
2287 	if (!insn_offset)
2288 		prog->btf_fd = btf__fd(obj->btf);
2289 
2290 	return 0;
2291 }
2292 
2293 static int
2294 bpf_program__reloc_text(struct bpf_program *prog, struct bpf_object *obj,
2295 			struct reloc_desc *relo)
2296 {
2297 	struct bpf_insn *insn, *new_insn;
2298 	struct bpf_program *text;
2299 	size_t new_cnt;
2300 	int err;
2301 
2302 	if (relo->type != RELO_CALL)
2303 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
2304 
2305 	if (prog->idx == obj->efile.text_shndx) {
2306 		pr_warning("relo in .text insn %d into off %d\n",
2307 			   relo->insn_idx, relo->text_off);
2308 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
2309 	}
2310 
2311 	if (prog->main_prog_cnt == 0) {
2312 		text = bpf_object__find_prog_by_idx(obj, obj->efile.text_shndx);
2313 		if (!text) {
2314 			pr_warning("no .text section found yet relo into text exist\n");
2315 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
2316 		}
2317 		new_cnt = prog->insns_cnt + text->insns_cnt;
2318 		new_insn = reallocarray(prog->insns, new_cnt, sizeof(*insn));
2319 		if (!new_insn) {
2320 			pr_warning("oom in prog realloc\n");
2321 			return -ENOMEM;
2322 		}
2323 
2324 		if (obj->btf_ext) {
2325 			err = bpf_program_reloc_btf_ext(prog, obj,
2326 							text->section_name,
2327 							prog->insns_cnt);
2328 			if (err)
2329 				return err;
2330 		}
2331 
2332 		memcpy(new_insn + prog->insns_cnt, text->insns,
2333 		       text->insns_cnt * sizeof(*insn));
2334 		prog->insns = new_insn;
2335 		prog->main_prog_cnt = prog->insns_cnt;
2336 		prog->insns_cnt = new_cnt;
2337 		pr_debug("added %zd insn from %s to prog %s\n",
2338 			 text->insns_cnt, text->section_name,
2339 			 prog->section_name);
2340 	}
2341 	insn = &prog->insns[relo->insn_idx];
2342 	insn->imm += prog->main_prog_cnt - relo->insn_idx;
2343 	return 0;
2344 }
2345 
2346 static int
2347 bpf_program__relocate(struct bpf_program *prog, struct bpf_object *obj)
2348 {
2349 	int i, err;
2350 
2351 	if (!prog)
2352 		return 0;
2353 
2354 	if (obj->btf_ext) {
2355 		err = bpf_program_reloc_btf_ext(prog, obj,
2356 						prog->section_name, 0);
2357 		if (err)
2358 			return err;
2359 	}
2360 
2361 	if (!prog->reloc_desc)
2362 		return 0;
2363 
2364 	for (i = 0; i < prog->nr_reloc; i++) {
2365 		if (prog->reloc_desc[i].type == RELO_LD64 ||
2366 		    prog->reloc_desc[i].type == RELO_DATA) {
2367 			bool relo_data = prog->reloc_desc[i].type == RELO_DATA;
2368 			struct bpf_insn *insns = prog->insns;
2369 			int insn_idx, map_idx;
2370 
2371 			insn_idx = prog->reloc_desc[i].insn_idx;
2372 			map_idx = prog->reloc_desc[i].map_idx;
2373 
2374 			if (insn_idx + 1 >= (int)prog->insns_cnt) {
2375 				pr_warning("relocation out of range: '%s'\n",
2376 					   prog->section_name);
2377 				return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
2378 			}
2379 
2380 			if (!relo_data) {
2381 				insns[insn_idx].src_reg = BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD;
2382 			} else {
2383 				insns[insn_idx].src_reg = BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE;
2384 				insns[insn_idx + 1].imm = insns[insn_idx].imm;
2385 			}
2386 			insns[insn_idx].imm = obj->maps[map_idx].fd;
2387 		} else if (prog->reloc_desc[i].type == RELO_CALL) {
2388 			err = bpf_program__reloc_text(prog, obj,
2389 						      &prog->reloc_desc[i]);
2390 			if (err)
2391 				return err;
2392 		}
2393 	}
2394 
2395 	zfree(&prog->reloc_desc);
2396 	prog->nr_reloc = 0;
2397 	return 0;
2398 }
2399 
2400 
2401 static int
2402 bpf_object__relocate(struct bpf_object *obj)
2403 {
2404 	struct bpf_program *prog;
2405 	size_t i;
2406 	int err;
2407 
2408 	for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_programs; i++) {
2409 		prog = &obj->programs[i];
2410 
2411 		err = bpf_program__relocate(prog, obj);
2412 		if (err) {
2413 			pr_warning("failed to relocate '%s'\n",
2414 				   prog->section_name);
2415 			return err;
2416 		}
2417 	}
2418 	return 0;
2419 }
2420 
2421 static int bpf_object__collect_reloc(struct bpf_object *obj)
2422 {
2423 	int i, err;
2424 
2425 	if (!obj_elf_valid(obj)) {
2426 		pr_warning("Internal error: elf object is closed\n");
2427 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__INTERNAL;
2428 	}
2429 
2430 	for (i = 0; i < obj->efile.nr_reloc; i++) {
2431 		GElf_Shdr *shdr = &obj->efile.reloc[i].shdr;
2432 		Elf_Data *data = obj->efile.reloc[i].data;
2433 		int idx = shdr->sh_info;
2434 		struct bpf_program *prog;
2435 
2436 		if (shdr->sh_type != SHT_REL) {
2437 			pr_warning("internal error at %d\n", __LINE__);
2438 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__INTERNAL;
2439 		}
2440 
2441 		prog = bpf_object__find_prog_by_idx(obj, idx);
2442 		if (!prog) {
2443 			pr_warning("relocation failed: no section(%d)\n", idx);
2444 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__RELOC;
2445 		}
2446 
2447 		err = bpf_program__collect_reloc(prog, shdr, data, obj);
2448 		if (err)
2449 			return err;
2450 	}
2451 	return 0;
2452 }
2453 
2454 static int
2455 load_program(struct bpf_program *prog, struct bpf_insn *insns, int insns_cnt,
2456 	     char *license, __u32 kern_version, int *pfd)
2457 {
2458 	struct bpf_load_program_attr load_attr;
2459 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
2460 	int log_buf_size = BPF_LOG_BUF_SIZE;
2461 	char *log_buf;
2462 	int ret;
2463 
2464 	if (!insns || !insns_cnt)
2465 		return -EINVAL;
2466 
2467 	memset(&load_attr, 0, sizeof(struct bpf_load_program_attr));
2468 	load_attr.prog_type = prog->type;
2469 	load_attr.expected_attach_type = prog->expected_attach_type;
2470 	if (prog->caps->name)
2471 		load_attr.name = prog->name;
2472 	load_attr.insns = insns;
2473 	load_attr.insns_cnt = insns_cnt;
2474 	load_attr.license = license;
2475 	load_attr.kern_version = kern_version;
2476 	load_attr.prog_ifindex = prog->prog_ifindex;
2477 	load_attr.prog_btf_fd = prog->btf_fd >= 0 ? prog->btf_fd : 0;
2478 	load_attr.func_info = prog->func_info;
2479 	load_attr.func_info_rec_size = prog->func_info_rec_size;
2480 	load_attr.func_info_cnt = prog->func_info_cnt;
2481 	load_attr.line_info = prog->line_info;
2482 	load_attr.line_info_rec_size = prog->line_info_rec_size;
2483 	load_attr.line_info_cnt = prog->line_info_cnt;
2484 	load_attr.log_level = prog->log_level;
2485 	load_attr.prog_flags = prog->prog_flags;
2486 
2487 retry_load:
2488 	log_buf = malloc(log_buf_size);
2489 	if (!log_buf)
2490 		pr_warning("Alloc log buffer for bpf loader error, continue without log\n");
2491 
2492 	ret = bpf_load_program_xattr(&load_attr, log_buf, log_buf_size);
2493 
2494 	if (ret >= 0) {
2495 		if (load_attr.log_level)
2496 			pr_debug("verifier log:\n%s", log_buf);
2497 		*pfd = ret;
2498 		ret = 0;
2499 		goto out;
2500 	}
2501 
2502 	if (errno == ENOSPC) {
2503 		log_buf_size <<= 1;
2504 		free(log_buf);
2505 		goto retry_load;
2506 	}
2507 	ret = -LIBBPF_ERRNO__LOAD;
2508 	cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
2509 	pr_warning("load bpf program failed: %s\n", cp);
2510 
2511 	if (log_buf && log_buf[0] != '\0') {
2512 		ret = -LIBBPF_ERRNO__VERIFY;
2513 		pr_warning("-- BEGIN DUMP LOG ---\n");
2514 		pr_warning("\n%s\n", log_buf);
2515 		pr_warning("-- END LOG --\n");
2516 	} else if (load_attr.insns_cnt >= BPF_MAXINSNS) {
2517 		pr_warning("Program too large (%zu insns), at most %d insns\n",
2518 			   load_attr.insns_cnt, BPF_MAXINSNS);
2519 		ret = -LIBBPF_ERRNO__PROG2BIG;
2520 	} else {
2521 		/* Wrong program type? */
2522 		if (load_attr.prog_type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE) {
2523 			int fd;
2524 
2525 			load_attr.prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE;
2526 			load_attr.expected_attach_type = 0;
2527 			fd = bpf_load_program_xattr(&load_attr, NULL, 0);
2528 			if (fd >= 0) {
2529 				close(fd);
2530 				ret = -LIBBPF_ERRNO__PROGTYPE;
2531 				goto out;
2532 			}
2533 		}
2534 
2535 		if (log_buf)
2536 			ret = -LIBBPF_ERRNO__KVER;
2537 	}
2538 
2539 out:
2540 	free(log_buf);
2541 	return ret;
2542 }
2543 
2544 int
2545 bpf_program__load(struct bpf_program *prog,
2546 		  char *license, __u32 kern_version)
2547 {
2548 	int err = 0, fd, i;
2549 
2550 	if (prog->instances.nr < 0 || !prog->instances.fds) {
2551 		if (prog->preprocessor) {
2552 			pr_warning("Internal error: can't load program '%s'\n",
2553 				   prog->section_name);
2554 			return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__INTERNAL;
2555 		}
2556 
2557 		prog->instances.fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
2558 		if (!prog->instances.fds) {
2559 			pr_warning("Not enough memory for BPF fds\n");
2560 			return -ENOMEM;
2561 		}
2562 		prog->instances.nr = 1;
2563 		prog->instances.fds[0] = -1;
2564 	}
2565 
2566 	if (!prog->preprocessor) {
2567 		if (prog->instances.nr != 1) {
2568 			pr_warning("Program '%s' is inconsistent: nr(%d) != 1\n",
2569 				   prog->section_name, prog->instances.nr);
2570 		}
2571 		err = load_program(prog, prog->insns, prog->insns_cnt,
2572 				   license, kern_version, &fd);
2573 		if (!err)
2574 			prog->instances.fds[0] = fd;
2575 		goto out;
2576 	}
2577 
2578 	for (i = 0; i < prog->instances.nr; i++) {
2579 		struct bpf_prog_prep_result result;
2580 		bpf_program_prep_t preprocessor = prog->preprocessor;
2581 
2582 		memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));
2583 		err = preprocessor(prog, i, prog->insns,
2584 				   prog->insns_cnt, &result);
2585 		if (err) {
2586 			pr_warning("Preprocessing the %dth instance of program '%s' failed\n",
2587 				   i, prog->section_name);
2588 			goto out;
2589 		}
2590 
2591 		if (!result.new_insn_ptr || !result.new_insn_cnt) {
2592 			pr_debug("Skip loading the %dth instance of program '%s'\n",
2593 				 i, prog->section_name);
2594 			prog->instances.fds[i] = -1;
2595 			if (result.pfd)
2596 				*result.pfd = -1;
2597 			continue;
2598 		}
2599 
2600 		err = load_program(prog, result.new_insn_ptr,
2601 				   result.new_insn_cnt,
2602 				   license, kern_version, &fd);
2603 
2604 		if (err) {
2605 			pr_warning("Loading the %dth instance of program '%s' failed\n",
2606 					i, prog->section_name);
2607 			goto out;
2608 		}
2609 
2610 		if (result.pfd)
2611 			*result.pfd = fd;
2612 		prog->instances.fds[i] = fd;
2613 	}
2614 out:
2615 	if (err)
2616 		pr_warning("failed to load program '%s'\n",
2617 			   prog->section_name);
2618 	zfree(&prog->insns);
2619 	prog->insns_cnt = 0;
2620 	return err;
2621 }
2622 
2623 static bool bpf_program__is_function_storage(const struct bpf_program *prog,
2624 					     const struct bpf_object *obj)
2625 {
2626 	return prog->idx == obj->efile.text_shndx && obj->has_pseudo_calls;
2627 }
2628 
2629 static int
2630 bpf_object__load_progs(struct bpf_object *obj, int log_level)
2631 {
2632 	size_t i;
2633 	int err;
2634 
2635 	for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_programs; i++) {
2636 		if (bpf_program__is_function_storage(&obj->programs[i], obj))
2637 			continue;
2638 		obj->programs[i].log_level |= log_level;
2639 		err = bpf_program__load(&obj->programs[i],
2640 					obj->license,
2641 					obj->kern_version);
2642 		if (err)
2643 			return err;
2644 	}
2645 	return 0;
2646 }
2647 
2648 static bool bpf_prog_type__needs_kver(enum bpf_prog_type type)
2649 {
2650 	switch (type) {
2651 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER:
2652 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS:
2653 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT:
2654 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP:
2655 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB:
2656 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK:
2657 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN:
2658 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT:
2659 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT:
2660 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL:
2661 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS:
2662 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB:
2663 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE:
2664 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG:
2665 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR:
2666 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2:
2667 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_REUSEPORT:
2668 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR:
2669 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC:
2670 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT:
2671 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT:
2672 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE:
2673 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT:
2674 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL:
2675 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT:
2676 		return false;
2677 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE:
2678 	default:
2679 		return true;
2680 	}
2681 }
2682 
2683 static int bpf_object__validate(struct bpf_object *obj, bool needs_kver)
2684 {
2685 	if (needs_kver && obj->kern_version == 0) {
2686 		pr_warning("%s doesn't provide kernel version\n",
2687 			   obj->path);
2688 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__KVERSION;
2689 	}
2690 	return 0;
2691 }
2692 
2693 static struct bpf_object *
2694 __bpf_object__open(const char *path, void *obj_buf, size_t obj_buf_sz,
2695 		   bool needs_kver, int flags)
2696 {
2697 	struct bpf_object *obj;
2698 	int err;
2699 
2700 	if (elf_version(EV_CURRENT) == EV_NONE) {
2701 		pr_warning("failed to init libelf for %s\n", path);
2702 		return ERR_PTR(-LIBBPF_ERRNO__LIBELF);
2703 	}
2704 
2705 	obj = bpf_object__new(path, obj_buf, obj_buf_sz);
2706 	if (IS_ERR(obj))
2707 		return obj;
2708 
2709 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__elf_init(obj), err, out);
2710 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__check_endianness(obj), err, out);
2711 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__probe_caps(obj), err, out);
2712 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__elf_collect(obj, flags), err, out);
2713 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__collect_reloc(obj), err, out);
2714 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__validate(obj, needs_kver), err, out);
2715 
2716 	bpf_object__elf_finish(obj);
2717 	return obj;
2718 out:
2719 	bpf_object__close(obj);
2720 	return ERR_PTR(err);
2721 }
2722 
2723 struct bpf_object *__bpf_object__open_xattr(struct bpf_object_open_attr *attr,
2724 					    int flags)
2725 {
2726 	/* param validation */
2727 	if (!attr->file)
2728 		return NULL;
2729 
2730 	pr_debug("loading %s\n", attr->file);
2731 
2732 	return __bpf_object__open(attr->file, NULL, 0,
2733 				  bpf_prog_type__needs_kver(attr->prog_type),
2734 				  flags);
2735 }
2736 
2737 struct bpf_object *bpf_object__open_xattr(struct bpf_object_open_attr *attr)
2738 {
2739 	return __bpf_object__open_xattr(attr, 0);
2740 }
2741 
2742 struct bpf_object *bpf_object__open(const char *path)
2743 {
2744 	struct bpf_object_open_attr attr = {
2745 		.file		= path,
2746 		.prog_type	= BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
2747 	};
2748 
2749 	return bpf_object__open_xattr(&attr);
2750 }
2751 
2752 struct bpf_object *bpf_object__open_buffer(void *obj_buf,
2753 					   size_t obj_buf_sz,
2754 					   const char *name)
2755 {
2756 	char tmp_name[64];
2757 
2758 	/* param validation */
2759 	if (!obj_buf || obj_buf_sz <= 0)
2760 		return NULL;
2761 
2762 	if (!name) {
2763 		snprintf(tmp_name, sizeof(tmp_name), "%lx-%lx",
2764 			 (unsigned long)obj_buf,
2765 			 (unsigned long)obj_buf_sz);
2766 		name = tmp_name;
2767 	}
2768 	pr_debug("loading object '%s' from buffer\n", name);
2769 
2770 	return __bpf_object__open(name, obj_buf, obj_buf_sz, true, true);
2771 }
2772 
2773 int bpf_object__unload(struct bpf_object *obj)
2774 {
2775 	size_t i;
2776 
2777 	if (!obj)
2778 		return -EINVAL;
2779 
2780 	for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_maps; i++)
2781 		zclose(obj->maps[i].fd);
2782 
2783 	for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_programs; i++)
2784 		bpf_program__unload(&obj->programs[i]);
2785 
2786 	return 0;
2787 }
2788 
2789 int bpf_object__load_xattr(struct bpf_object_load_attr *attr)
2790 {
2791 	struct bpf_object *obj;
2792 	int err;
2793 
2794 	if (!attr)
2795 		return -EINVAL;
2796 	obj = attr->obj;
2797 	if (!obj)
2798 		return -EINVAL;
2799 
2800 	if (obj->loaded) {
2801 		pr_warning("object should not be loaded twice\n");
2802 		return -EINVAL;
2803 	}
2804 
2805 	obj->loaded = true;
2806 
2807 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__create_maps(obj), err, out);
2808 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__relocate(obj), err, out);
2809 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__load_progs(obj, attr->log_level), err, out);
2810 
2811 	return 0;
2812 out:
2813 	bpf_object__unload(obj);
2814 	pr_warning("failed to load object '%s'\n", obj->path);
2815 	return err;
2816 }
2817 
2818 int bpf_object__load(struct bpf_object *obj)
2819 {
2820 	struct bpf_object_load_attr attr = {
2821 		.obj = obj,
2822 	};
2823 
2824 	return bpf_object__load_xattr(&attr);
2825 }
2826 
2827 static int check_path(const char *path)
2828 {
2829 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
2830 	struct statfs st_fs;
2831 	char *dname, *dir;
2832 	int err = 0;
2833 
2834 	if (path == NULL)
2835 		return -EINVAL;
2836 
2837 	dname = strdup(path);
2838 	if (dname == NULL)
2839 		return -ENOMEM;
2840 
2841 	dir = dirname(dname);
2842 	if (statfs(dir, &st_fs)) {
2843 		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
2844 		pr_warning("failed to statfs %s: %s\n", dir, cp);
2845 		err = -errno;
2846 	}
2847 	free(dname);
2848 
2849 	if (!err && st_fs.f_type != BPF_FS_MAGIC) {
2850 		pr_warning("specified path %s is not on BPF FS\n", path);
2851 		err = -EINVAL;
2852 	}
2853 
2854 	return err;
2855 }
2856 
2857 int bpf_program__pin_instance(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path,
2858 			      int instance)
2859 {
2860 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
2861 	int err;
2862 
2863 	err = check_path(path);
2864 	if (err)
2865 		return err;
2866 
2867 	if (prog == NULL) {
2868 		pr_warning("invalid program pointer\n");
2869 		return -EINVAL;
2870 	}
2871 
2872 	if (instance < 0 || instance >= prog->instances.nr) {
2873 		pr_warning("invalid prog instance %d of prog %s (max %d)\n",
2874 			   instance, prog->section_name, prog->instances.nr);
2875 		return -EINVAL;
2876 	}
2877 
2878 	if (bpf_obj_pin(prog->instances.fds[instance], path)) {
2879 		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
2880 		pr_warning("failed to pin program: %s\n", cp);
2881 		return -errno;
2882 	}
2883 	pr_debug("pinned program '%s'\n", path);
2884 
2885 	return 0;
2886 }
2887 
2888 int bpf_program__unpin_instance(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path,
2889 				int instance)
2890 {
2891 	int err;
2892 
2893 	err = check_path(path);
2894 	if (err)
2895 		return err;
2896 
2897 	if (prog == NULL) {
2898 		pr_warning("invalid program pointer\n");
2899 		return -EINVAL;
2900 	}
2901 
2902 	if (instance < 0 || instance >= prog->instances.nr) {
2903 		pr_warning("invalid prog instance %d of prog %s (max %d)\n",
2904 			   instance, prog->section_name, prog->instances.nr);
2905 		return -EINVAL;
2906 	}
2907 
2908 	err = unlink(path);
2909 	if (err != 0)
2910 		return -errno;
2911 	pr_debug("unpinned program '%s'\n", path);
2912 
2913 	return 0;
2914 }
2915 
2916 static int make_dir(const char *path)
2917 {
2918 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
2919 	int err = 0;
2920 
2921 	if (mkdir(path, 0700) && errno != EEXIST)
2922 		err = -errno;
2923 
2924 	if (err) {
2925 		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
2926 		pr_warning("failed to mkdir %s: %s\n", path, cp);
2927 	}
2928 	return err;
2929 }
2930 
2931 int bpf_program__pin(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path)
2932 {
2933 	int i, err;
2934 
2935 	err = check_path(path);
2936 	if (err)
2937 		return err;
2938 
2939 	if (prog == NULL) {
2940 		pr_warning("invalid program pointer\n");
2941 		return -EINVAL;
2942 	}
2943 
2944 	if (prog->instances.nr <= 0) {
2945 		pr_warning("no instances of prog %s to pin\n",
2946 			   prog->section_name);
2947 		return -EINVAL;
2948 	}
2949 
2950 	if (prog->instances.nr == 1) {
2951 		/* don't create subdirs when pinning single instance */
2952 		return bpf_program__pin_instance(prog, path, 0);
2953 	}
2954 
2955 	err = make_dir(path);
2956 	if (err)
2957 		return err;
2958 
2959 	for (i = 0; i < prog->instances.nr; i++) {
2960 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
2961 		int len;
2962 
2963 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%d", path, i);
2964 		if (len < 0) {
2965 			err = -EINVAL;
2966 			goto err_unpin;
2967 		} else if (len >= PATH_MAX) {
2968 			err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
2969 			goto err_unpin;
2970 		}
2971 
2972 		err = bpf_program__pin_instance(prog, buf, i);
2973 		if (err)
2974 			goto err_unpin;
2975 	}
2976 
2977 	return 0;
2978 
2979 err_unpin:
2980 	for (i = i - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
2981 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
2982 		int len;
2983 
2984 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%d", path, i);
2985 		if (len < 0)
2986 			continue;
2987 		else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
2988 			continue;
2989 
2990 		bpf_program__unpin_instance(prog, buf, i);
2991 	}
2992 
2993 	rmdir(path);
2994 
2995 	return err;
2996 }
2997 
2998 int bpf_program__unpin(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path)
2999 {
3000 	int i, err;
3001 
3002 	err = check_path(path);
3003 	if (err)
3004 		return err;
3005 
3006 	if (prog == NULL) {
3007 		pr_warning("invalid program pointer\n");
3008 		return -EINVAL;
3009 	}
3010 
3011 	if (prog->instances.nr <= 0) {
3012 		pr_warning("no instances of prog %s to pin\n",
3013 			   prog->section_name);
3014 		return -EINVAL;
3015 	}
3016 
3017 	if (prog->instances.nr == 1) {
3018 		/* don't create subdirs when pinning single instance */
3019 		return bpf_program__unpin_instance(prog, path, 0);
3020 	}
3021 
3022 	for (i = 0; i < prog->instances.nr; i++) {
3023 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
3024 		int len;
3025 
3026 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%d", path, i);
3027 		if (len < 0)
3028 			return -EINVAL;
3029 		else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
3030 			return -ENAMETOOLONG;
3031 
3032 		err = bpf_program__unpin_instance(prog, buf, i);
3033 		if (err)
3034 			return err;
3035 	}
3036 
3037 	err = rmdir(path);
3038 	if (err)
3039 		return -errno;
3040 
3041 	return 0;
3042 }
3043 
3044 int bpf_map__pin(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path)
3045 {
3046 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
3047 	int err;
3048 
3049 	err = check_path(path);
3050 	if (err)
3051 		return err;
3052 
3053 	if (map == NULL) {
3054 		pr_warning("invalid map pointer\n");
3055 		return -EINVAL;
3056 	}
3057 
3058 	if (bpf_obj_pin(map->fd, path)) {
3059 		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
3060 		pr_warning("failed to pin map: %s\n", cp);
3061 		return -errno;
3062 	}
3063 
3064 	pr_debug("pinned map '%s'\n", path);
3065 
3066 	return 0;
3067 }
3068 
3069 int bpf_map__unpin(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path)
3070 {
3071 	int err;
3072 
3073 	err = check_path(path);
3074 	if (err)
3075 		return err;
3076 
3077 	if (map == NULL) {
3078 		pr_warning("invalid map pointer\n");
3079 		return -EINVAL;
3080 	}
3081 
3082 	err = unlink(path);
3083 	if (err != 0)
3084 		return -errno;
3085 	pr_debug("unpinned map '%s'\n", path);
3086 
3087 	return 0;
3088 }
3089 
3090 int bpf_object__pin_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *path)
3091 {
3092 	struct bpf_map *map;
3093 	int err;
3094 
3095 	if (!obj)
3096 		return -ENOENT;
3097 
3098 	if (!obj->loaded) {
3099 		pr_warning("object not yet loaded; load it first\n");
3100 		return -ENOENT;
3101 	}
3102 
3103 	err = make_dir(path);
3104 	if (err)
3105 		return err;
3106 
3107 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
3108 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
3109 		int len;
3110 
3111 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
3112 			       bpf_map__name(map));
3113 		if (len < 0) {
3114 			err = -EINVAL;
3115 			goto err_unpin_maps;
3116 		} else if (len >= PATH_MAX) {
3117 			err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
3118 			goto err_unpin_maps;
3119 		}
3120 
3121 		err = bpf_map__pin(map, buf);
3122 		if (err)
3123 			goto err_unpin_maps;
3124 	}
3125 
3126 	return 0;
3127 
3128 err_unpin_maps:
3129 	while ((map = bpf_map__prev(map, obj))) {
3130 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
3131 		int len;
3132 
3133 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
3134 			       bpf_map__name(map));
3135 		if (len < 0)
3136 			continue;
3137 		else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
3138 			continue;
3139 
3140 		bpf_map__unpin(map, buf);
3141 	}
3142 
3143 	return err;
3144 }
3145 
3146 int bpf_object__unpin_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *path)
3147 {
3148 	struct bpf_map *map;
3149 	int err;
3150 
3151 	if (!obj)
3152 		return -ENOENT;
3153 
3154 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
3155 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
3156 		int len;
3157 
3158 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
3159 			       bpf_map__name(map));
3160 		if (len < 0)
3161 			return -EINVAL;
3162 		else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
3163 			return -ENAMETOOLONG;
3164 
3165 		err = bpf_map__unpin(map, buf);
3166 		if (err)
3167 			return err;
3168 	}
3169 
3170 	return 0;
3171 }
3172 
3173 int bpf_object__pin_programs(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *path)
3174 {
3175 	struct bpf_program *prog;
3176 	int err;
3177 
3178 	if (!obj)
3179 		return -ENOENT;
3180 
3181 	if (!obj->loaded) {
3182 		pr_warning("object not yet loaded; load it first\n");
3183 		return -ENOENT;
3184 	}
3185 
3186 	err = make_dir(path);
3187 	if (err)
3188 		return err;
3189 
3190 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
3191 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
3192 		int len;
3193 
3194 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
3195 			       prog->pin_name);
3196 		if (len < 0) {
3197 			err = -EINVAL;
3198 			goto err_unpin_programs;
3199 		} else if (len >= PATH_MAX) {
3200 			err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
3201 			goto err_unpin_programs;
3202 		}
3203 
3204 		err = bpf_program__pin(prog, buf);
3205 		if (err)
3206 			goto err_unpin_programs;
3207 	}
3208 
3209 	return 0;
3210 
3211 err_unpin_programs:
3212 	while ((prog = bpf_program__prev(prog, obj))) {
3213 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
3214 		int len;
3215 
3216 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
3217 			       prog->pin_name);
3218 		if (len < 0)
3219 			continue;
3220 		else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
3221 			continue;
3222 
3223 		bpf_program__unpin(prog, buf);
3224 	}
3225 
3226 	return err;
3227 }
3228 
3229 int bpf_object__unpin_programs(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *path)
3230 {
3231 	struct bpf_program *prog;
3232 	int err;
3233 
3234 	if (!obj)
3235 		return -ENOENT;
3236 
3237 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
3238 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
3239 		int len;
3240 
3241 		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
3242 			       prog->pin_name);
3243 		if (len < 0)
3244 			return -EINVAL;
3245 		else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
3246 			return -ENAMETOOLONG;
3247 
3248 		err = bpf_program__unpin(prog, buf);
3249 		if (err)
3250 			return err;
3251 	}
3252 
3253 	return 0;
3254 }
3255 
3256 int bpf_object__pin(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *path)
3257 {
3258 	int err;
3259 
3260 	err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, path);
3261 	if (err)
3262 		return err;
3263 
3264 	err = bpf_object__pin_programs(obj, path);
3265 	if (err) {
3266 		bpf_object__unpin_maps(obj, path);
3267 		return err;
3268 	}
3269 
3270 	return 0;
3271 }
3272 
3273 void bpf_object__close(struct bpf_object *obj)
3274 {
3275 	size_t i;
3276 
3277 	if (!obj)
3278 		return;
3279 
3280 	if (obj->clear_priv)
3281 		obj->clear_priv(obj, obj->priv);
3282 
3283 	bpf_object__elf_finish(obj);
3284 	bpf_object__unload(obj);
3285 	btf__free(obj->btf);
3286 	btf_ext__free(obj->btf_ext);
3287 
3288 	for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_maps; i++) {
3289 		zfree(&obj->maps[i].name);
3290 		if (obj->maps[i].clear_priv)
3291 			obj->maps[i].clear_priv(&obj->maps[i],
3292 						obj->maps[i].priv);
3293 		obj->maps[i].priv = NULL;
3294 		obj->maps[i].clear_priv = NULL;
3295 	}
3296 
3297 	zfree(&obj->sections.rodata);
3298 	zfree(&obj->sections.data);
3299 	zfree(&obj->maps);
3300 	obj->nr_maps = 0;
3301 
3302 	if (obj->programs && obj->nr_programs) {
3303 		for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_programs; i++)
3304 			bpf_program__exit(&obj->programs[i]);
3305 	}
3306 	zfree(&obj->programs);
3307 
3308 	list_del(&obj->list);
3309 	free(obj);
3310 }
3311 
3312 struct bpf_object *
3313 bpf_object__next(struct bpf_object *prev)
3314 {
3315 	struct bpf_object *next;
3316 
3317 	if (!prev)
3318 		next = list_first_entry(&bpf_objects_list,
3319 					struct bpf_object,
3320 					list);
3321 	else
3322 		next = list_next_entry(prev, list);
3323 
3324 	/* Empty list is noticed here so don't need checking on entry. */
3325 	if (&next->list == &bpf_objects_list)
3326 		return NULL;
3327 
3328 	return next;
3329 }
3330 
3331 const char *bpf_object__name(const struct bpf_object *obj)
3332 {
3333 	return obj ? obj->path : ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
3334 }
3335 
3336 unsigned int bpf_object__kversion(const struct bpf_object *obj)
3337 {
3338 	return obj ? obj->kern_version : 0;
3339 }
3340 
3341 struct btf *bpf_object__btf(const struct bpf_object *obj)
3342 {
3343 	return obj ? obj->btf : NULL;
3344 }
3345 
3346 int bpf_object__btf_fd(const struct bpf_object *obj)
3347 {
3348 	return obj->btf ? btf__fd(obj->btf) : -1;
3349 }
3350 
3351 int bpf_object__set_priv(struct bpf_object *obj, void *priv,
3352 			 bpf_object_clear_priv_t clear_priv)
3353 {
3354 	if (obj->priv && obj->clear_priv)
3355 		obj->clear_priv(obj, obj->priv);
3356 
3357 	obj->priv = priv;
3358 	obj->clear_priv = clear_priv;
3359 	return 0;
3360 }
3361 
3362 void *bpf_object__priv(const struct bpf_object *obj)
3363 {
3364 	return obj ? obj->priv : ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
3365 }
3366 
3367 static struct bpf_program *
3368 __bpf_program__iter(const struct bpf_program *p, const struct bpf_object *obj,
3369 		    bool forward)
3370 {
3371 	size_t nr_programs = obj->nr_programs;
3372 	ssize_t idx;
3373 
3374 	if (!nr_programs)
3375 		return NULL;
3376 
3377 	if (!p)
3378 		/* Iter from the beginning */
3379 		return forward ? &obj->programs[0] :
3380 			&obj->programs[nr_programs - 1];
3381 
3382 	if (p->obj != obj) {
3383 		pr_warning("error: program handler doesn't match object\n");
3384 		return NULL;
3385 	}
3386 
3387 	idx = (p - obj->programs) + (forward ? 1 : -1);
3388 	if (idx >= obj->nr_programs || idx < 0)
3389 		return NULL;
3390 	return &obj->programs[idx];
3391 }
3392 
3393 struct bpf_program *
3394 bpf_program__next(struct bpf_program *prev, const struct bpf_object *obj)
3395 {
3396 	struct bpf_program *prog = prev;
3397 
3398 	do {
3399 		prog = __bpf_program__iter(prog, obj, true);
3400 	} while (prog && bpf_program__is_function_storage(prog, obj));
3401 
3402 	return prog;
3403 }
3404 
3405 struct bpf_program *
3406 bpf_program__prev(struct bpf_program *next, const struct bpf_object *obj)
3407 {
3408 	struct bpf_program *prog = next;
3409 
3410 	do {
3411 		prog = __bpf_program__iter(prog, obj, false);
3412 	} while (prog && bpf_program__is_function_storage(prog, obj));
3413 
3414 	return prog;
3415 }
3416 
3417 int bpf_program__set_priv(struct bpf_program *prog, void *priv,
3418 			  bpf_program_clear_priv_t clear_priv)
3419 {
3420 	if (prog->priv && prog->clear_priv)
3421 		prog->clear_priv(prog, prog->priv);
3422 
3423 	prog->priv = priv;
3424 	prog->clear_priv = clear_priv;
3425 	return 0;
3426 }
3427 
3428 void *bpf_program__priv(const struct bpf_program *prog)
3429 {
3430 	return prog ? prog->priv : ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
3431 }
3432 
3433 void bpf_program__set_ifindex(struct bpf_program *prog, __u32 ifindex)
3434 {
3435 	prog->prog_ifindex = ifindex;
3436 }
3437 
3438 const char *bpf_program__title(const struct bpf_program *prog, bool needs_copy)
3439 {
3440 	const char *title;
3441 
3442 	title = prog->section_name;
3443 	if (needs_copy) {
3444 		title = strdup(title);
3445 		if (!title) {
3446 			pr_warning("failed to strdup program title\n");
3447 			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
3448 		}
3449 	}
3450 
3451 	return title;
3452 }
3453 
3454 int bpf_program__fd(const struct bpf_program *prog)
3455 {
3456 	return bpf_program__nth_fd(prog, 0);
3457 }
3458 
3459 int bpf_program__set_prep(struct bpf_program *prog, int nr_instances,
3460 			  bpf_program_prep_t prep)
3461 {
3462 	int *instances_fds;
3463 
3464 	if (nr_instances <= 0 || !prep)
3465 		return -EINVAL;
3466 
3467 	if (prog->instances.nr > 0 || prog->instances.fds) {
3468 		pr_warning("Can't set pre-processor after loading\n");
3469 		return -EINVAL;
3470 	}
3471 
3472 	instances_fds = malloc(sizeof(int) * nr_instances);
3473 	if (!instances_fds) {
3474 		pr_warning("alloc memory failed for fds\n");
3475 		return -ENOMEM;
3476 	}
3477 
3478 	/* fill all fd with -1 */
3479 	memset(instances_fds, -1, sizeof(int) * nr_instances);
3480 
3481 	prog->instances.nr = nr_instances;
3482 	prog->instances.fds = instances_fds;
3483 	prog->preprocessor = prep;
3484 	return 0;
3485 }
3486 
3487 int bpf_program__nth_fd(const struct bpf_program *prog, int n)
3488 {
3489 	int fd;
3490 
3491 	if (!prog)
3492 		return -EINVAL;
3493 
3494 	if (n >= prog->instances.nr || n < 0) {
3495 		pr_warning("Can't get the %dth fd from program %s: only %d instances\n",
3496 			   n, prog->section_name, prog->instances.nr);
3497 		return -EINVAL;
3498 	}
3499 
3500 	fd = prog->instances.fds[n];
3501 	if (fd < 0) {
3502 		pr_warning("%dth instance of program '%s' is invalid\n",
3503 			   n, prog->section_name);
3504 		return -ENOENT;
3505 	}
3506 
3507 	return fd;
3508 }
3509 
3510 void bpf_program__set_type(struct bpf_program *prog, enum bpf_prog_type type)
3511 {
3512 	prog->type = type;
3513 }
3514 
3515 static bool bpf_program__is_type(const struct bpf_program *prog,
3516 				 enum bpf_prog_type type)
3517 {
3518 	return prog ? (prog->type == type) : false;
3519 }
3520 
3521 #define BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(NAME, TYPE)				\
3522 int bpf_program__set_##NAME(struct bpf_program *prog)		\
3523 {								\
3524 	if (!prog)						\
3525 		return -EINVAL;					\
3526 	bpf_program__set_type(prog, TYPE);			\
3527 	return 0;						\
3528 }								\
3529 								\
3530 bool bpf_program__is_##NAME(const struct bpf_program *prog)	\
3531 {								\
3532 	return bpf_program__is_type(prog, TYPE);		\
3533 }								\
3534 
3535 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(socket_filter, BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER);
3536 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(kprobe, BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE);
3537 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(sched_cls, BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS);
3538 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(sched_act, BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT);
3539 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(tracepoint, BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT);
3540 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(raw_tracepoint, BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT);
3541 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(xdp, BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP);
3542 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(perf_event, BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT);
3543 
3544 void bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(struct bpf_program *prog,
3545 					   enum bpf_attach_type type)
3546 {
3547 	prog->expected_attach_type = type;
3548 }
3549 
3550 #define BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL(string, ptype, eatype, is_attachable, atype) \
3551 	{ string, sizeof(string) - 1, ptype, eatype, is_attachable, atype }
3552 
3553 /* Programs that can NOT be attached. */
3554 #define BPF_PROG_SEC(string, ptype) BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL(string, ptype, 0, 0, 0)
3555 
3556 /* Programs that can be attached. */
3557 #define BPF_APROG_SEC(string, ptype, atype) \
3558 	BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL(string, ptype, 0, 1, atype)
3559 
3560 /* Programs that must specify expected attach type at load time. */
3561 #define BPF_EAPROG_SEC(string, ptype, eatype) \
3562 	BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL(string, ptype, eatype, 1, eatype)
3563 
3564 /* Programs that can be attached but attach type can't be identified by section
3565  * name. Kept for backward compatibility.
3566  */
3567 #define BPF_APROG_COMPAT(string, ptype) BPF_PROG_SEC(string, ptype)
3568 
3569 static const struct {
3570 	const char *sec;
3571 	size_t len;
3572 	enum bpf_prog_type prog_type;
3573 	enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
3574 	int is_attachable;
3575 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
3576 } section_names[] = {
3577 	BPF_PROG_SEC("socket",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER),
3578 	BPF_PROG_SEC("kprobe/",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE),
3579 	BPF_PROG_SEC("kretprobe/",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE),
3580 	BPF_PROG_SEC("classifier",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS),
3581 	BPF_PROG_SEC("action",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT),
3582 	BPF_PROG_SEC("tracepoint/",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT),
3583 	BPF_PROG_SEC("raw_tracepoint/",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT),
3584 	BPF_PROG_SEC("xdp",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP),
3585 	BPF_PROG_SEC("perf_event",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT),
3586 	BPF_PROG_SEC("lwt_in",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN),
3587 	BPF_PROG_SEC("lwt_out",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT),
3588 	BPF_PROG_SEC("lwt_xmit",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT),
3589 	BPF_PROG_SEC("lwt_seg6local",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL),
3590 	BPF_APROG_SEC("cgroup_skb/ingress",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,
3591 						BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS),
3592 	BPF_APROG_SEC("cgroup_skb/egress",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,
3593 						BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS),
3594 	BPF_APROG_COMPAT("cgroup/skb",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB),
3595 	BPF_APROG_SEC("cgroup/sock",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,
3596 						BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE),
3597 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/post_bind4",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,
3598 						BPF_CGROUP_INET4_POST_BIND),
3599 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/post_bind6",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,
3600 						BPF_CGROUP_INET6_POST_BIND),
3601 	BPF_APROG_SEC("cgroup/dev",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE,
3602 						BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE),
3603 	BPF_APROG_SEC("sockops",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS,
3604 						BPF_CGROUP_SOCK_OPS),
3605 	BPF_APROG_SEC("sk_skb/stream_parser",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB,
3606 						BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER),
3607 	BPF_APROG_SEC("sk_skb/stream_verdict",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB,
3608 						BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT),
3609 	BPF_APROG_COMPAT("sk_skb",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB),
3610 	BPF_APROG_SEC("sk_msg",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG,
3611 						BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT),
3612 	BPF_APROG_SEC("lirc_mode2",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2,
3613 						BPF_LIRC_MODE2),
3614 	BPF_APROG_SEC("flow_dissector",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR,
3615 						BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR),
3616 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/bind4",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
3617 						BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND),
3618 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/bind6",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
3619 						BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND),
3620 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/connect4",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
3621 						BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT),
3622 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/connect6",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
3623 						BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT),
3624 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/sendmsg4",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
3625 						BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG),
3626 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/sendmsg6",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
3627 						BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG),
3628 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/recvmsg4",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
3629 						BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG),
3630 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/recvmsg6",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,
3631 						BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG),
3632 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/sysctl",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL,
3633 						BPF_CGROUP_SYSCTL),
3634 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/getsockopt",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,
3635 						BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT),
3636 	BPF_EAPROG_SEC("cgroup/setsockopt",	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,
3637 						BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT),
3638 };
3639 
3640 #undef BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL
3641 #undef BPF_PROG_SEC
3642 #undef BPF_APROG_SEC
3643 #undef BPF_EAPROG_SEC
3644 #undef BPF_APROG_COMPAT
3645 
3646 #define MAX_TYPE_NAME_SIZE 32
3647 
3648 static char *libbpf_get_type_names(bool attach_type)
3649 {
3650 	int i, len = ARRAY_SIZE(section_names) * MAX_TYPE_NAME_SIZE;
3651 	char *buf;
3652 
3653 	buf = malloc(len);
3654 	if (!buf)
3655 		return NULL;
3656 
3657 	buf[0] = '\0';
3658 	/* Forge string buf with all available names */
3659 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(section_names); i++) {
3660 		if (attach_type && !section_names[i].is_attachable)
3661 			continue;
3662 
3663 		if (strlen(buf) + strlen(section_names[i].sec) + 2 > len) {
3664 			free(buf);
3665 			return NULL;
3666 		}
3667 		strcat(buf, " ");
3668 		strcat(buf, section_names[i].sec);
3669 	}
3670 
3671 	return buf;
3672 }
3673 
3674 int libbpf_prog_type_by_name(const char *name, enum bpf_prog_type *prog_type,
3675 			     enum bpf_attach_type *expected_attach_type)
3676 {
3677 	char *type_names;
3678 	int i;
3679 
3680 	if (!name)
3681 		return -EINVAL;
3682 
3683 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(section_names); i++) {
3684 		if (strncmp(name, section_names[i].sec, section_names[i].len))
3685 			continue;
3686 		*prog_type = section_names[i].prog_type;
3687 		*expected_attach_type = section_names[i].expected_attach_type;
3688 		return 0;
3689 	}
3690 	pr_warning("failed to guess program type based on ELF section name '%s'\n", name);
3691 	type_names = libbpf_get_type_names(false);
3692 	if (type_names != NULL) {
3693 		pr_info("supported section(type) names are:%s\n", type_names);
3694 		free(type_names);
3695 	}
3696 
3697 	return -EINVAL;
3698 }
3699 
3700 int libbpf_attach_type_by_name(const char *name,
3701 			       enum bpf_attach_type *attach_type)
3702 {
3703 	char *type_names;
3704 	int i;
3705 
3706 	if (!name)
3707 		return -EINVAL;
3708 
3709 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(section_names); i++) {
3710 		if (strncmp(name, section_names[i].sec, section_names[i].len))
3711 			continue;
3712 		if (!section_names[i].is_attachable)
3713 			return -EINVAL;
3714 		*attach_type = section_names[i].attach_type;
3715 		return 0;
3716 	}
3717 	pr_warning("failed to guess attach type based on ELF section name '%s'\n", name);
3718 	type_names = libbpf_get_type_names(true);
3719 	if (type_names != NULL) {
3720 		pr_info("attachable section(type) names are:%s\n", type_names);
3721 		free(type_names);
3722 	}
3723 
3724 	return -EINVAL;
3725 }
3726 
3727 static int
3728 bpf_program__identify_section(struct bpf_program *prog,
3729 			      enum bpf_prog_type *prog_type,
3730 			      enum bpf_attach_type *expected_attach_type)
3731 {
3732 	return libbpf_prog_type_by_name(prog->section_name, prog_type,
3733 					expected_attach_type);
3734 }
3735 
3736 int bpf_map__fd(const struct bpf_map *map)
3737 {
3738 	return map ? map->fd : -EINVAL;
3739 }
3740 
3741 const struct bpf_map_def *bpf_map__def(const struct bpf_map *map)
3742 {
3743 	return map ? &map->def : ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
3744 }
3745 
3746 const char *bpf_map__name(const struct bpf_map *map)
3747 {
3748 	return map ? map->name : NULL;
3749 }
3750 
3751 __u32 bpf_map__btf_key_type_id(const struct bpf_map *map)
3752 {
3753 	return map ? map->btf_key_type_id : 0;
3754 }
3755 
3756 __u32 bpf_map__btf_value_type_id(const struct bpf_map *map)
3757 {
3758 	return map ? map->btf_value_type_id : 0;
3759 }
3760 
3761 int bpf_map__set_priv(struct bpf_map *map, void *priv,
3762 		     bpf_map_clear_priv_t clear_priv)
3763 {
3764 	if (!map)
3765 		return -EINVAL;
3766 
3767 	if (map->priv) {
3768 		if (map->clear_priv)
3769 			map->clear_priv(map, map->priv);
3770 	}
3771 
3772 	map->priv = priv;
3773 	map->clear_priv = clear_priv;
3774 	return 0;
3775 }
3776 
3777 void *bpf_map__priv(const struct bpf_map *map)
3778 {
3779 	return map ? map->priv : ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
3780 }
3781 
3782 bool bpf_map__is_offload_neutral(const struct bpf_map *map)
3783 {
3784 	return map->def.type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY;
3785 }
3786 
3787 bool bpf_map__is_internal(const struct bpf_map *map)
3788 {
3789 	return map->libbpf_type != LIBBPF_MAP_UNSPEC;
3790 }
3791 
3792 void bpf_map__set_ifindex(struct bpf_map *map, __u32 ifindex)
3793 {
3794 	map->map_ifindex = ifindex;
3795 }
3796 
3797 int bpf_map__set_inner_map_fd(struct bpf_map *map, int fd)
3798 {
3799 	if (!bpf_map_type__is_map_in_map(map->def.type)) {
3800 		pr_warning("error: unsupported map type\n");
3801 		return -EINVAL;
3802 	}
3803 	if (map->inner_map_fd != -1) {
3804 		pr_warning("error: inner_map_fd already specified\n");
3805 		return -EINVAL;
3806 	}
3807 	map->inner_map_fd = fd;
3808 	return 0;
3809 }
3810 
3811 static struct bpf_map *
3812 __bpf_map__iter(const struct bpf_map *m, const struct bpf_object *obj, int i)
3813 {
3814 	ssize_t idx;
3815 	struct bpf_map *s, *e;
3816 
3817 	if (!obj || !obj->maps)
3818 		return NULL;
3819 
3820 	s = obj->maps;
3821 	e = obj->maps + obj->nr_maps;
3822 
3823 	if ((m < s) || (m >= e)) {
3824 		pr_warning("error in %s: map handler doesn't belong to object\n",
3825 			   __func__);
3826 		return NULL;
3827 	}
3828 
3829 	idx = (m - obj->maps) + i;
3830 	if (idx >= obj->nr_maps || idx < 0)
3831 		return NULL;
3832 	return &obj->maps[idx];
3833 }
3834 
3835 struct bpf_map *
3836 bpf_map__next(const struct bpf_map *prev, const struct bpf_object *obj)
3837 {
3838 	if (prev == NULL)
3839 		return obj->maps;
3840 
3841 	return __bpf_map__iter(prev, obj, 1);
3842 }
3843 
3844 struct bpf_map *
3845 bpf_map__prev(const struct bpf_map *next, const struct bpf_object *obj)
3846 {
3847 	if (next == NULL) {
3848 		if (!obj->nr_maps)
3849 			return NULL;
3850 		return obj->maps + obj->nr_maps - 1;
3851 	}
3852 
3853 	return __bpf_map__iter(next, obj, -1);
3854 }
3855 
3856 struct bpf_map *
3857 bpf_object__find_map_by_name(const struct bpf_object *obj, const char *name)
3858 {
3859 	struct bpf_map *pos;
3860 
3861 	bpf_object__for_each_map(pos, obj) {
3862 		if (pos->name && !strcmp(pos->name, name))
3863 			return pos;
3864 	}
3865 	return NULL;
3866 }
3867 
3868 int
3869 bpf_object__find_map_fd_by_name(const struct bpf_object *obj, const char *name)
3870 {
3871 	return bpf_map__fd(bpf_object__find_map_by_name(obj, name));
3872 }
3873 
3874 struct bpf_map *
3875 bpf_object__find_map_by_offset(struct bpf_object *obj, size_t offset)
3876 {
3877 	return ERR_PTR(-ENOTSUP);
3878 }
3879 
3880 long libbpf_get_error(const void *ptr)
3881 {
3882 	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(ptr);
3883 }
3884 
3885 int bpf_prog_load(const char *file, enum bpf_prog_type type,
3886 		  struct bpf_object **pobj, int *prog_fd)
3887 {
3888 	struct bpf_prog_load_attr attr;
3889 
3890 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(struct bpf_prog_load_attr));
3891 	attr.file = file;
3892 	attr.prog_type = type;
3893 	attr.expected_attach_type = 0;
3894 
3895 	return bpf_prog_load_xattr(&attr, pobj, prog_fd);
3896 }
3897 
3898 int bpf_prog_load_xattr(const struct bpf_prog_load_attr *attr,
3899 			struct bpf_object **pobj, int *prog_fd)
3900 {
3901 	struct bpf_object_open_attr open_attr = {};
3902 	struct bpf_program *prog, *first_prog = NULL;
3903 	enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
3904 	enum bpf_prog_type prog_type;
3905 	struct bpf_object *obj;
3906 	struct bpf_map *map;
3907 	int err;
3908 
3909 	if (!attr)
3910 		return -EINVAL;
3911 	if (!attr->file)
3912 		return -EINVAL;
3913 
3914 	open_attr.file = attr->file;
3915 	open_attr.prog_type = attr->prog_type;
3916 
3917 	obj = bpf_object__open_xattr(&open_attr);
3918 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(obj))
3919 		return -ENOENT;
3920 
3921 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
3922 		/*
3923 		 * If type is not specified, try to guess it based on
3924 		 * section name.
3925 		 */
3926 		prog_type = attr->prog_type;
3927 		prog->prog_ifindex = attr->ifindex;
3928 		expected_attach_type = attr->expected_attach_type;
3929 		if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
3930 			err = bpf_program__identify_section(prog, &prog_type,
3931 							    &expected_attach_type);
3932 			if (err < 0) {
3933 				bpf_object__close(obj);
3934 				return -EINVAL;
3935 			}
3936 		}
3937 
3938 		bpf_program__set_type(prog, prog_type);
3939 		bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(prog,
3940 						      expected_attach_type);
3941 
3942 		prog->log_level = attr->log_level;
3943 		prog->prog_flags = attr->prog_flags;
3944 		if (!first_prog)
3945 			first_prog = prog;
3946 	}
3947 
3948 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
3949 		if (!bpf_map__is_offload_neutral(map))
3950 			map->map_ifindex = attr->ifindex;
3951 	}
3952 
3953 	if (!first_prog) {
3954 		pr_warning("object file doesn't contain bpf program\n");
3955 		bpf_object__close(obj);
3956 		return -ENOENT;
3957 	}
3958 
3959 	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
3960 	if (err) {
3961 		bpf_object__close(obj);
3962 		return -EINVAL;
3963 	}
3964 
3965 	*pobj = obj;
3966 	*prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(first_prog);
3967 	return 0;
3968 }
3969 
3970 struct bpf_link {
3971 	int (*destroy)(struct bpf_link *link);
3972 };
3973 
3974 int bpf_link__destroy(struct bpf_link *link)
3975 {
3976 	int err;
3977 
3978 	if (!link)
3979 		return 0;
3980 
3981 	err = link->destroy(link);
3982 	free(link);
3983 
3984 	return err;
3985 }
3986 
3987 struct bpf_link_fd {
3988 	struct bpf_link link; /* has to be at the top of struct */
3989 	int fd; /* hook FD */
3990 };
3991 
3992 static int bpf_link__destroy_perf_event(struct bpf_link *link)
3993 {
3994 	struct bpf_link_fd *l = (void *)link;
3995 	int err;
3996 
3997 	err = ioctl(l->fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);
3998 	if (err)
3999 		err = -errno;
4000 
4001 	close(l->fd);
4002 	return err;
4003 }
4004 
4005 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_perf_event(struct bpf_program *prog,
4006 						int pfd)
4007 {
4008 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4009 	struct bpf_link_fd *link;
4010 	int prog_fd, err;
4011 
4012 	if (pfd < 0) {
4013 		pr_warning("program '%s': invalid perf event FD %d\n",
4014 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false), pfd);
4015 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
4016 	}
4017 	prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(prog);
4018 	if (prog_fd < 0) {
4019 		pr_warning("program '%s': can't attach BPF program w/o FD (did you load it?)\n",
4020 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false));
4021 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
4022 	}
4023 
4024 	link = malloc(sizeof(*link));
4025 	if (!link)
4026 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
4027 	link->link.destroy = &bpf_link__destroy_perf_event;
4028 	link->fd = pfd;
4029 
4030 	if (ioctl(pfd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd) < 0) {
4031 		err = -errno;
4032 		free(link);
4033 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to attach to pfd %d: %s\n",
4034 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false), pfd,
4035 			   libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4036 		return ERR_PTR(err);
4037 	}
4038 	if (ioctl(pfd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0) < 0) {
4039 		err = -errno;
4040 		free(link);
4041 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to enable pfd %d: %s\n",
4042 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false), pfd,
4043 			   libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4044 		return ERR_PTR(err);
4045 	}
4046 	return (struct bpf_link *)link;
4047 }
4048 
4049 /*
4050  * this function is expected to parse integer in the range of [0, 2^31-1] from
4051  * given file using scanf format string fmt. If actual parsed value is
4052  * negative, the result might be indistinguishable from error
4053  */
4054 static int parse_uint_from_file(const char *file, const char *fmt)
4055 {
4056 	char buf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4057 	int err, ret;
4058 	FILE *f;
4059 
4060 	f = fopen(file, "r");
4061 	if (!f) {
4062 		err = -errno;
4063 		pr_debug("failed to open '%s': %s\n", file,
4064 			 libbpf_strerror_r(err, buf, sizeof(buf)));
4065 		return err;
4066 	}
4067 	err = fscanf(f, fmt, &ret);
4068 	if (err != 1) {
4069 		err = err == EOF ? -EIO : -errno;
4070 		pr_debug("failed to parse '%s': %s\n", file,
4071 			libbpf_strerror_r(err, buf, sizeof(buf)));
4072 		fclose(f);
4073 		return err;
4074 	}
4075 	fclose(f);
4076 	return ret;
4077 }
4078 
4079 static int determine_kprobe_perf_type(void)
4080 {
4081 	const char *file = "/sys/bus/event_source/devices/kprobe/type";
4082 
4083 	return parse_uint_from_file(file, "%d\n");
4084 }
4085 
4086 static int determine_uprobe_perf_type(void)
4087 {
4088 	const char *file = "/sys/bus/event_source/devices/uprobe/type";
4089 
4090 	return parse_uint_from_file(file, "%d\n");
4091 }
4092 
4093 static int determine_kprobe_retprobe_bit(void)
4094 {
4095 	const char *file = "/sys/bus/event_source/devices/kprobe/format/retprobe";
4096 
4097 	return parse_uint_from_file(file, "config:%d\n");
4098 }
4099 
4100 static int determine_uprobe_retprobe_bit(void)
4101 {
4102 	const char *file = "/sys/bus/event_source/devices/uprobe/format/retprobe";
4103 
4104 	return parse_uint_from_file(file, "config:%d\n");
4105 }
4106 
4107 static int perf_event_open_probe(bool uprobe, bool retprobe, const char *name,
4108 				 uint64_t offset, int pid)
4109 {
4110 	struct perf_event_attr attr = {};
4111 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4112 	int type, pfd, err;
4113 
4114 	type = uprobe ? determine_uprobe_perf_type()
4115 		      : determine_kprobe_perf_type();
4116 	if (type < 0) {
4117 		pr_warning("failed to determine %s perf type: %s\n",
4118 			   uprobe ? "uprobe" : "kprobe",
4119 			   libbpf_strerror_r(type, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4120 		return type;
4121 	}
4122 	if (retprobe) {
4123 		int bit = uprobe ? determine_uprobe_retprobe_bit()
4124 				 : determine_kprobe_retprobe_bit();
4125 
4126 		if (bit < 0) {
4127 			pr_warning("failed to determine %s retprobe bit: %s\n",
4128 				   uprobe ? "uprobe" : "kprobe",
4129 				   libbpf_strerror_r(bit, errmsg,
4130 						     sizeof(errmsg)));
4131 			return bit;
4132 		}
4133 		attr.config |= 1 << bit;
4134 	}
4135 	attr.size = sizeof(attr);
4136 	attr.type = type;
4137 	attr.config1 = ptr_to_u64(name); /* kprobe_func or uprobe_path */
4138 	attr.config2 = offset;		 /* kprobe_addr or probe_offset */
4139 
4140 	/* pid filter is meaningful only for uprobes */
4141 	pfd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &attr,
4142 		      pid < 0 ? -1 : pid /* pid */,
4143 		      pid == -1 ? 0 : -1 /* cpu */,
4144 		      -1 /* group_fd */, PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC);
4145 	if (pfd < 0) {
4146 		err = -errno;
4147 		pr_warning("%s perf_event_open() failed: %s\n",
4148 			   uprobe ? "uprobe" : "kprobe",
4149 			   libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4150 		return err;
4151 	}
4152 	return pfd;
4153 }
4154 
4155 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_kprobe(struct bpf_program *prog,
4156 					    bool retprobe,
4157 					    const char *func_name)
4158 {
4159 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4160 	struct bpf_link *link;
4161 	int pfd, err;
4162 
4163 	pfd = perf_event_open_probe(false /* uprobe */, retprobe, func_name,
4164 				    0 /* offset */, -1 /* pid */);
4165 	if (pfd < 0) {
4166 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to create %s '%s' perf event: %s\n",
4167 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false),
4168 			   retprobe ? "kretprobe" : "kprobe", func_name,
4169 			   libbpf_strerror_r(pfd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4170 		return ERR_PTR(pfd);
4171 	}
4172 	link = bpf_program__attach_perf_event(prog, pfd);
4173 	if (IS_ERR(link)) {
4174 		close(pfd);
4175 		err = PTR_ERR(link);
4176 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to attach to %s '%s': %s\n",
4177 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false),
4178 			   retprobe ? "kretprobe" : "kprobe", func_name,
4179 			   libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4180 		return link;
4181 	}
4182 	return link;
4183 }
4184 
4185 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_uprobe(struct bpf_program *prog,
4186 					    bool retprobe, pid_t pid,
4187 					    const char *binary_path,
4188 					    size_t func_offset)
4189 {
4190 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4191 	struct bpf_link *link;
4192 	int pfd, err;
4193 
4194 	pfd = perf_event_open_probe(true /* uprobe */, retprobe,
4195 				    binary_path, func_offset, pid);
4196 	if (pfd < 0) {
4197 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to create %s '%s:0x%zx' perf event: %s\n",
4198 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false),
4199 			   retprobe ? "uretprobe" : "uprobe",
4200 			   binary_path, func_offset,
4201 			   libbpf_strerror_r(pfd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4202 		return ERR_PTR(pfd);
4203 	}
4204 	link = bpf_program__attach_perf_event(prog, pfd);
4205 	if (IS_ERR(link)) {
4206 		close(pfd);
4207 		err = PTR_ERR(link);
4208 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to attach to %s '%s:0x%zx': %s\n",
4209 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false),
4210 			   retprobe ? "uretprobe" : "uprobe",
4211 			   binary_path, func_offset,
4212 			   libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4213 		return link;
4214 	}
4215 	return link;
4216 }
4217 
4218 static int determine_tracepoint_id(const char *tp_category,
4219 				   const char *tp_name)
4220 {
4221 	char file[PATH_MAX];
4222 	int ret;
4223 
4224 	ret = snprintf(file, sizeof(file),
4225 		       "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/%s/%s/id",
4226 		       tp_category, tp_name);
4227 	if (ret < 0)
4228 		return -errno;
4229 	if (ret >= sizeof(file)) {
4230 		pr_debug("tracepoint %s/%s path is too long\n",
4231 			 tp_category, tp_name);
4232 		return -E2BIG;
4233 	}
4234 	return parse_uint_from_file(file, "%d\n");
4235 }
4236 
4237 static int perf_event_open_tracepoint(const char *tp_category,
4238 				      const char *tp_name)
4239 {
4240 	struct perf_event_attr attr = {};
4241 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4242 	int tp_id, pfd, err;
4243 
4244 	tp_id = determine_tracepoint_id(tp_category, tp_name);
4245 	if (tp_id < 0) {
4246 		pr_warning("failed to determine tracepoint '%s/%s' perf event ID: %s\n",
4247 			   tp_category, tp_name,
4248 			   libbpf_strerror_r(tp_id, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4249 		return tp_id;
4250 	}
4251 
4252 	attr.type = PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT;
4253 	attr.size = sizeof(attr);
4254 	attr.config = tp_id;
4255 
4256 	pfd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &attr, -1 /* pid */, 0 /* cpu */,
4257 		      -1 /* group_fd */, PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC);
4258 	if (pfd < 0) {
4259 		err = -errno;
4260 		pr_warning("tracepoint '%s/%s' perf_event_open() failed: %s\n",
4261 			   tp_category, tp_name,
4262 			   libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4263 		return err;
4264 	}
4265 	return pfd;
4266 }
4267 
4268 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_tracepoint(struct bpf_program *prog,
4269 						const char *tp_category,
4270 						const char *tp_name)
4271 {
4272 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4273 	struct bpf_link *link;
4274 	int pfd, err;
4275 
4276 	pfd = perf_event_open_tracepoint(tp_category, tp_name);
4277 	if (pfd < 0) {
4278 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to create tracepoint '%s/%s' perf event: %s\n",
4279 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false),
4280 			   tp_category, tp_name,
4281 			   libbpf_strerror_r(pfd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4282 		return ERR_PTR(pfd);
4283 	}
4284 	link = bpf_program__attach_perf_event(prog, pfd);
4285 	if (IS_ERR(link)) {
4286 		close(pfd);
4287 		err = PTR_ERR(link);
4288 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to attach to tracepoint '%s/%s': %s\n",
4289 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false),
4290 			   tp_category, tp_name,
4291 			   libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4292 		return link;
4293 	}
4294 	return link;
4295 }
4296 
4297 static int bpf_link__destroy_fd(struct bpf_link *link)
4298 {
4299 	struct bpf_link_fd *l = (void *)link;
4300 
4301 	return close(l->fd);
4302 }
4303 
4304 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_raw_tracepoint(struct bpf_program *prog,
4305 						    const char *tp_name)
4306 {
4307 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4308 	struct bpf_link_fd *link;
4309 	int prog_fd, pfd;
4310 
4311 	prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(prog);
4312 	if (prog_fd < 0) {
4313 		pr_warning("program '%s': can't attach before loaded\n",
4314 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false));
4315 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
4316 	}
4317 
4318 	link = malloc(sizeof(*link));
4319 	if (!link)
4320 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
4321 	link->link.destroy = &bpf_link__destroy_fd;
4322 
4323 	pfd = bpf_raw_tracepoint_open(tp_name, prog_fd);
4324 	if (pfd < 0) {
4325 		pfd = -errno;
4326 		free(link);
4327 		pr_warning("program '%s': failed to attach to raw tracepoint '%s': %s\n",
4328 			   bpf_program__title(prog, false), tp_name,
4329 			   libbpf_strerror_r(pfd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
4330 		return ERR_PTR(pfd);
4331 	}
4332 	link->fd = pfd;
4333 	return (struct bpf_link *)link;
4334 }
4335 
4336 enum bpf_perf_event_ret
4337 bpf_perf_event_read_simple(void *mmap_mem, size_t mmap_size, size_t page_size,
4338 			   void **copy_mem, size_t *copy_size,
4339 			   bpf_perf_event_print_t fn, void *private_data)
4340 {
4341 	struct perf_event_mmap_page *header = mmap_mem;
4342 	__u64 data_head = ring_buffer_read_head(header);
4343 	__u64 data_tail = header->data_tail;
4344 	void *base = ((__u8 *)header) + page_size;
4345 	int ret = LIBBPF_PERF_EVENT_CONT;
4346 	struct perf_event_header *ehdr;
4347 	size_t ehdr_size;
4348 
4349 	while (data_head != data_tail) {
4350 		ehdr = base + (data_tail & (mmap_size - 1));
4351 		ehdr_size = ehdr->size;
4352 
4353 		if (((void *)ehdr) + ehdr_size > base + mmap_size) {
4354 			void *copy_start = ehdr;
4355 			size_t len_first = base + mmap_size - copy_start;
4356 			size_t len_secnd = ehdr_size - len_first;
4357 
4358 			if (*copy_size < ehdr_size) {
4359 				free(*copy_mem);
4360 				*copy_mem = malloc(ehdr_size);
4361 				if (!*copy_mem) {
4362 					*copy_size = 0;
4363 					ret = LIBBPF_PERF_EVENT_ERROR;
4364 					break;
4365 				}
4366 				*copy_size = ehdr_size;
4367 			}
4368 
4369 			memcpy(*copy_mem, copy_start, len_first);
4370 			memcpy(*copy_mem + len_first, base, len_secnd);
4371 			ehdr = *copy_mem;
4372 		}
4373 
4374 		ret = fn(ehdr, private_data);
4375 		data_tail += ehdr_size;
4376 		if (ret != LIBBPF_PERF_EVENT_CONT)
4377 			break;
4378 	}
4379 
4380 	ring_buffer_write_tail(header, data_tail);
4381 	return ret;
4382 }
4383 
4384 struct perf_buffer;
4385 
4386 struct perf_buffer_params {
4387 	struct perf_event_attr *attr;
4388 	/* if event_cb is specified, it takes precendence */
4389 	perf_buffer_event_fn event_cb;
4390 	/* sample_cb and lost_cb are higher-level common-case callbacks */
4391 	perf_buffer_sample_fn sample_cb;
4392 	perf_buffer_lost_fn lost_cb;
4393 	void *ctx;
4394 	int cpu_cnt;
4395 	int *cpus;
4396 	int *map_keys;
4397 };
4398 
4399 struct perf_cpu_buf {
4400 	struct perf_buffer *pb;
4401 	void *base; /* mmap()'ed memory */
4402 	void *buf; /* for reconstructing segmented data */
4403 	size_t buf_size;
4404 	int fd;
4405 	int cpu;
4406 	int map_key;
4407 };
4408 
4409 struct perf_buffer {
4410 	perf_buffer_event_fn event_cb;
4411 	perf_buffer_sample_fn sample_cb;
4412 	perf_buffer_lost_fn lost_cb;
4413 	void *ctx; /* passed into callbacks */
4414 
4415 	size_t page_size;
4416 	size_t mmap_size;
4417 	struct perf_cpu_buf **cpu_bufs;
4418 	struct epoll_event *events;
4419 	int cpu_cnt;
4420 	int epoll_fd; /* perf event FD */
4421 	int map_fd; /* BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY BPF map FD */
4422 };
4423 
4424 static void perf_buffer__free_cpu_buf(struct perf_buffer *pb,
4425 				      struct perf_cpu_buf *cpu_buf)
4426 {
4427 	if (!cpu_buf)
4428 		return;
4429 	if (cpu_buf->base &&
4430 	    munmap(cpu_buf->base, pb->mmap_size + pb->page_size))
4431 		pr_warning("failed to munmap cpu_buf #%d\n", cpu_buf->cpu);
4432 	if (cpu_buf->fd >= 0) {
4433 		ioctl(cpu_buf->fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);
4434 		close(cpu_buf->fd);
4435 	}
4436 	free(cpu_buf->buf);
4437 	free(cpu_buf);
4438 }
4439 
4440 void perf_buffer__free(struct perf_buffer *pb)
4441 {
4442 	int i;
4443 
4444 	if (!pb)
4445 		return;
4446 	if (pb->cpu_bufs) {
4447 		for (i = 0; i < pb->cpu_cnt && pb->cpu_bufs[i]; i++) {
4448 			struct perf_cpu_buf *cpu_buf = pb->cpu_bufs[i];
4449 
4450 			bpf_map_delete_elem(pb->map_fd, &cpu_buf->map_key);
4451 			perf_buffer__free_cpu_buf(pb, cpu_buf);
4452 		}
4453 		free(pb->cpu_bufs);
4454 	}
4455 	if (pb->epoll_fd >= 0)
4456 		close(pb->epoll_fd);
4457 	free(pb->events);
4458 	free(pb);
4459 }
4460 
4461 static struct perf_cpu_buf *
4462 perf_buffer__open_cpu_buf(struct perf_buffer *pb, struct perf_event_attr *attr,
4463 			  int cpu, int map_key)
4464 {
4465 	struct perf_cpu_buf *cpu_buf;
4466 	char msg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4467 	int err;
4468 
4469 	cpu_buf = calloc(1, sizeof(*cpu_buf));
4470 	if (!cpu_buf)
4471 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
4472 
4473 	cpu_buf->pb = pb;
4474 	cpu_buf->cpu = cpu;
4475 	cpu_buf->map_key = map_key;
4476 
4477 	cpu_buf->fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, attr, -1 /* pid */, cpu,
4478 			      -1, PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC);
4479 	if (cpu_buf->fd < 0) {
4480 		err = -errno;
4481 		pr_warning("failed to open perf buffer event on cpu #%d: %s\n",
4482 			   cpu, libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
4483 		goto error;
4484 	}
4485 
4486 	cpu_buf->base = mmap(NULL, pb->mmap_size + pb->page_size,
4487 			     PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
4488 			     cpu_buf->fd, 0);
4489 	if (cpu_buf->base == MAP_FAILED) {
4490 		cpu_buf->base = NULL;
4491 		err = -errno;
4492 		pr_warning("failed to mmap perf buffer on cpu #%d: %s\n",
4493 			   cpu, libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
4494 		goto error;
4495 	}
4496 
4497 	if (ioctl(cpu_buf->fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0) < 0) {
4498 		err = -errno;
4499 		pr_warning("failed to enable perf buffer event on cpu #%d: %s\n",
4500 			   cpu, libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
4501 		goto error;
4502 	}
4503 
4504 	return cpu_buf;
4505 
4506 error:
4507 	perf_buffer__free_cpu_buf(pb, cpu_buf);
4508 	return (struct perf_cpu_buf *)ERR_PTR(err);
4509 }
4510 
4511 static struct perf_buffer *__perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
4512 					      struct perf_buffer_params *p);
4513 
4514 struct perf_buffer *perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
4515 				     const struct perf_buffer_opts *opts)
4516 {
4517 	struct perf_buffer_params p = {};
4518 	struct perf_event_attr attr = {
4519 		.config = PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT,
4520 		.type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
4521 		.sample_type = PERF_SAMPLE_RAW,
4522 		.sample_period = 1,
4523 		.wakeup_events = 1,
4524 	};
4525 
4526 	p.attr = &attr;
4527 	p.sample_cb = opts ? opts->sample_cb : NULL;
4528 	p.lost_cb = opts ? opts->lost_cb : NULL;
4529 	p.ctx = opts ? opts->ctx : NULL;
4530 
4531 	return __perf_buffer__new(map_fd, page_cnt, &p);
4532 }
4533 
4534 struct perf_buffer *
4535 perf_buffer__new_raw(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
4536 		     const struct perf_buffer_raw_opts *opts)
4537 {
4538 	struct perf_buffer_params p = {};
4539 
4540 	p.attr = opts->attr;
4541 	p.event_cb = opts->event_cb;
4542 	p.ctx = opts->ctx;
4543 	p.cpu_cnt = opts->cpu_cnt;
4544 	p.cpus = opts->cpus;
4545 	p.map_keys = opts->map_keys;
4546 
4547 	return __perf_buffer__new(map_fd, page_cnt, &p);
4548 }
4549 
4550 static struct perf_buffer *__perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
4551 					      struct perf_buffer_params *p)
4552 {
4553 	struct bpf_map_info map = {};
4554 	char msg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
4555 	struct perf_buffer *pb;
4556 	__u32 map_info_len;
4557 	int err, i;
4558 
4559 	if (page_cnt & (page_cnt - 1)) {
4560 		pr_warning("page count should be power of two, but is %zu\n",
4561 			   page_cnt);
4562 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
4563 	}
4564 
4565 	map_info_len = sizeof(map);
4566 	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(map_fd, &map, &map_info_len);
4567 	if (err) {
4568 		err = -errno;
4569 		pr_warning("failed to get map info for map FD %d: %s\n",
4570 			   map_fd, libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
4571 		return ERR_PTR(err);
4572 	}
4573 
4574 	if (map.type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY) {
4575 		pr_warning("map '%s' should be BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY\n",
4576 			   map.name);
4577 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
4578 	}
4579 
4580 	pb = calloc(1, sizeof(*pb));
4581 	if (!pb)
4582 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
4583 
4584 	pb->event_cb = p->event_cb;
4585 	pb->sample_cb = p->sample_cb;
4586 	pb->lost_cb = p->lost_cb;
4587 	pb->ctx = p->ctx;
4588 
4589 	pb->page_size = getpagesize();
4590 	pb->mmap_size = pb->page_size * page_cnt;
4591 	pb->map_fd = map_fd;
4592 
4593 	pb->epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
4594 	if (pb->epoll_fd < 0) {
4595 		err = -errno;
4596 		pr_warning("failed to create epoll instance: %s\n",
4597 			   libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
4598 		goto error;
4599 	}
4600 
4601 	if (p->cpu_cnt > 0) {
4602 		pb->cpu_cnt = p->cpu_cnt;
4603 	} else {
4604 		pb->cpu_cnt = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
4605 		if (pb->cpu_cnt < 0) {
4606 			err = pb->cpu_cnt;
4607 			goto error;
4608 		}
4609 		if (map.max_entries < pb->cpu_cnt)
4610 			pb->cpu_cnt = map.max_entries;
4611 	}
4612 
4613 	pb->events = calloc(pb->cpu_cnt, sizeof(*pb->events));
4614 	if (!pb->events) {
4615 		err = -ENOMEM;
4616 		pr_warning("failed to allocate events: out of memory\n");
4617 		goto error;
4618 	}
4619 	pb->cpu_bufs = calloc(pb->cpu_cnt, sizeof(*pb->cpu_bufs));
4620 	if (!pb->cpu_bufs) {
4621 		err = -ENOMEM;
4622 		pr_warning("failed to allocate buffers: out of memory\n");
4623 		goto error;
4624 	}
4625 
4626 	for (i = 0; i < pb->cpu_cnt; i++) {
4627 		struct perf_cpu_buf *cpu_buf;
4628 		int cpu, map_key;
4629 
4630 		cpu = p->cpu_cnt > 0 ? p->cpus[i] : i;
4631 		map_key = p->cpu_cnt > 0 ? p->map_keys[i] : i;
4632 
4633 		cpu_buf = perf_buffer__open_cpu_buf(pb, p->attr, cpu, map_key);
4634 		if (IS_ERR(cpu_buf)) {
4635 			err = PTR_ERR(cpu_buf);
4636 			goto error;
4637 		}
4638 
4639 		pb->cpu_bufs[i] = cpu_buf;
4640 
4641 		err = bpf_map_update_elem(pb->map_fd, &map_key,
4642 					  &cpu_buf->fd, 0);
4643 		if (err) {
4644 			err = -errno;
4645 			pr_warning("failed to set cpu #%d, key %d -> perf FD %d: %s\n",
4646 				   cpu, map_key, cpu_buf->fd,
4647 				   libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
4648 			goto error;
4649 		}
4650 
4651 		pb->events[i].events = EPOLLIN;
4652 		pb->events[i].data.ptr = cpu_buf;
4653 		if (epoll_ctl(pb->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, cpu_buf->fd,
4654 			      &pb->events[i]) < 0) {
4655 			err = -errno;
4656 			pr_warning("failed to epoll_ctl cpu #%d perf FD %d: %s\n",
4657 				   cpu, cpu_buf->fd,
4658 				   libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
4659 			goto error;
4660 		}
4661 	}
4662 
4663 	return pb;
4664 
4665 error:
4666 	if (pb)
4667 		perf_buffer__free(pb);
4668 	return ERR_PTR(err);
4669 }
4670 
4671 struct perf_sample_raw {
4672 	struct perf_event_header header;
4673 	uint32_t size;
4674 	char data[0];
4675 };
4676 
4677 struct perf_sample_lost {
4678 	struct perf_event_header header;
4679 	uint64_t id;
4680 	uint64_t lost;
4681 	uint64_t sample_id;
4682 };
4683 
4684 static enum bpf_perf_event_ret
4685 perf_buffer__process_record(struct perf_event_header *e, void *ctx)
4686 {
4687 	struct perf_cpu_buf *cpu_buf = ctx;
4688 	struct perf_buffer *pb = cpu_buf->pb;
4689 	void *data = e;
4690 
4691 	/* user wants full control over parsing perf event */
4692 	if (pb->event_cb)
4693 		return pb->event_cb(pb->ctx, cpu_buf->cpu, e);
4694 
4695 	switch (e->type) {
4696 	case PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE: {
4697 		struct perf_sample_raw *s = data;
4698 
4699 		if (pb->sample_cb)
4700 			pb->sample_cb(pb->ctx, cpu_buf->cpu, s->data, s->size);
4701 		break;
4702 	}
4703 	case PERF_RECORD_LOST: {
4704 		struct perf_sample_lost *s = data;
4705 
4706 		if (pb->lost_cb)
4707 			pb->lost_cb(pb->ctx, cpu_buf->cpu, s->lost);
4708 		break;
4709 	}
4710 	default:
4711 		pr_warning("unknown perf sample type %d\n", e->type);
4712 		return LIBBPF_PERF_EVENT_ERROR;
4713 	}
4714 	return LIBBPF_PERF_EVENT_CONT;
4715 }
4716 
4717 static int perf_buffer__process_records(struct perf_buffer *pb,
4718 					struct perf_cpu_buf *cpu_buf)
4719 {
4720 	enum bpf_perf_event_ret ret;
4721 
4722 	ret = bpf_perf_event_read_simple(cpu_buf->base, pb->mmap_size,
4723 					 pb->page_size, &cpu_buf->buf,
4724 					 &cpu_buf->buf_size,
4725 					 perf_buffer__process_record, cpu_buf);
4726 	if (ret != LIBBPF_PERF_EVENT_CONT)
4727 		return ret;
4728 	return 0;
4729 }
4730 
4731 int perf_buffer__poll(struct perf_buffer *pb, int timeout_ms)
4732 {
4733 	int i, cnt, err;
4734 
4735 	cnt = epoll_wait(pb->epoll_fd, pb->events, pb->cpu_cnt, timeout_ms);
4736 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
4737 		struct perf_cpu_buf *cpu_buf = pb->events[i].data.ptr;
4738 
4739 		err = perf_buffer__process_records(pb, cpu_buf);
4740 		if (err) {
4741 			pr_warning("error while processing records: %d\n", err);
4742 			return err;
4743 		}
4744 	}
4745 	return cnt < 0 ? -errno : cnt;
4746 }
4747 
4748 struct bpf_prog_info_array_desc {
4749 	int	array_offset;	/* e.g. offset of jited_prog_insns */
4750 	int	count_offset;	/* e.g. offset of jited_prog_len */
4751 	int	size_offset;	/* > 0: offset of rec size,
4752 				 * < 0: fix size of -size_offset
4753 				 */
4754 };
4755 
4756 static struct bpf_prog_info_array_desc bpf_prog_info_array_desc[] = {
4757 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_INSNS] = {
4758 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, jited_prog_insns),
4759 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, jited_prog_len),
4760 		-1,
4761 	},
4762 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_XLATED_INSNS] = {
4763 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, xlated_prog_insns),
4764 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, xlated_prog_len),
4765 		-1,
4766 	},
4767 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_MAP_IDS] = {
4768 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, map_ids),
4769 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, nr_map_ids),
4770 		-(int)sizeof(__u32),
4771 	},
4772 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_KSYMS] = {
4773 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, jited_ksyms),
4774 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, nr_jited_ksyms),
4775 		-(int)sizeof(__u64),
4776 	},
4777 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_FUNC_LENS] = {
4778 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, jited_func_lens),
4779 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, nr_jited_func_lens),
4780 		-(int)sizeof(__u32),
4781 	},
4782 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_FUNC_INFO] = {
4783 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, func_info),
4784 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, nr_func_info),
4785 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, func_info_rec_size),
4786 	},
4787 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_LINE_INFO] = {
4788 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, line_info),
4789 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, nr_line_info),
4790 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, line_info_rec_size),
4791 	},
4792 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_JITED_LINE_INFO] = {
4793 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, jited_line_info),
4794 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, nr_jited_line_info),
4795 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, jited_line_info_rec_size),
4796 	},
4797 	[BPF_PROG_INFO_PROG_TAGS] = {
4798 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, prog_tags),
4799 		offsetof(struct bpf_prog_info, nr_prog_tags),
4800 		-(int)sizeof(__u8) * BPF_TAG_SIZE,
4801 	},
4802 
4803 };
4804 
4805 static __u32 bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int offset)
4806 {
4807 	__u32 *array = (__u32 *)info;
4808 
4809 	if (offset >= 0)
4810 		return array[offset / sizeof(__u32)];
4811 	return -(int)offset;
4812 }
4813 
4814 static __u64 bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u64(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int offset)
4815 {
4816 	__u64 *array = (__u64 *)info;
4817 
4818 	if (offset >= 0)
4819 		return array[offset / sizeof(__u64)];
4820 	return -(int)offset;
4821 }
4822 
4823 static void bpf_prog_info_set_offset_u32(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int offset,
4824 					 __u32 val)
4825 {
4826 	__u32 *array = (__u32 *)info;
4827 
4828 	if (offset >= 0)
4829 		array[offset / sizeof(__u32)] = val;
4830 }
4831 
4832 static void bpf_prog_info_set_offset_u64(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int offset,
4833 					 __u64 val)
4834 {
4835 	__u64 *array = (__u64 *)info;
4836 
4837 	if (offset >= 0)
4838 		array[offset / sizeof(__u64)] = val;
4839 }
4840 
4841 struct bpf_prog_info_linear *
4842 bpf_program__get_prog_info_linear(int fd, __u64 arrays)
4843 {
4844 	struct bpf_prog_info_linear *info_linear;
4845 	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
4846 	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
4847 	__u32 data_len = 0;
4848 	int i, err;
4849 	void *ptr;
4850 
4851 	if (arrays >> BPF_PROG_INFO_LAST_ARRAY)
4852 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
4853 
4854 	/* step 1: get array dimensions */
4855 	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &info_len);
4856 	if (err) {
4857 		pr_debug("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
4858 		return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
4859 	}
4860 
4861 	/* step 2: calculate total size of all arrays */
4862 	for (i = BPF_PROG_INFO_FIRST_ARRAY; i < BPF_PROG_INFO_LAST_ARRAY; ++i) {
4863 		bool include_array = (arrays & (1UL << i)) > 0;
4864 		struct bpf_prog_info_array_desc *desc;
4865 		__u32 count, size;
4866 
4867 		desc = bpf_prog_info_array_desc + i;
4868 
4869 		/* kernel is too old to support this field */
4870 		if (info_len < desc->array_offset + sizeof(__u32) ||
4871 		    info_len < desc->count_offset + sizeof(__u32) ||
4872 		    (desc->size_offset > 0 && info_len < desc->size_offset))
4873 			include_array = false;
4874 
4875 		if (!include_array) {
4876 			arrays &= ~(1UL << i);	/* clear the bit */
4877 			continue;
4878 		}
4879 
4880 		count = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(&info, desc->count_offset);
4881 		size  = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(&info, desc->size_offset);
4882 
4883 		data_len += count * size;
4884 	}
4885 
4886 	/* step 3: allocate continuous memory */
4887 	data_len = roundup(data_len, sizeof(__u64));
4888 	info_linear = malloc(sizeof(struct bpf_prog_info_linear) + data_len);
4889 	if (!info_linear)
4890 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
4891 
4892 	/* step 4: fill data to info_linear->info */
4893 	info_linear->arrays = arrays;
4894 	memset(&info_linear->info, 0, sizeof(info));
4895 	ptr = info_linear->data;
4896 
4897 	for (i = BPF_PROG_INFO_FIRST_ARRAY; i < BPF_PROG_INFO_LAST_ARRAY; ++i) {
4898 		struct bpf_prog_info_array_desc *desc;
4899 		__u32 count, size;
4900 
4901 		if ((arrays & (1UL << i)) == 0)
4902 			continue;
4903 
4904 		desc  = bpf_prog_info_array_desc + i;
4905 		count = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(&info, desc->count_offset);
4906 		size  = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(&info, desc->size_offset);
4907 		bpf_prog_info_set_offset_u32(&info_linear->info,
4908 					     desc->count_offset, count);
4909 		bpf_prog_info_set_offset_u32(&info_linear->info,
4910 					     desc->size_offset, size);
4911 		bpf_prog_info_set_offset_u64(&info_linear->info,
4912 					     desc->array_offset,
4913 					     ptr_to_u64(ptr));
4914 		ptr += count * size;
4915 	}
4916 
4917 	/* step 5: call syscall again to get required arrays */
4918 	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info_linear->info, &info_len);
4919 	if (err) {
4920 		pr_debug("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
4921 		free(info_linear);
4922 		return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
4923 	}
4924 
4925 	/* step 6: verify the data */
4926 	for (i = BPF_PROG_INFO_FIRST_ARRAY; i < BPF_PROG_INFO_LAST_ARRAY; ++i) {
4927 		struct bpf_prog_info_array_desc *desc;
4928 		__u32 v1, v2;
4929 
4930 		if ((arrays & (1UL << i)) == 0)
4931 			continue;
4932 
4933 		desc = bpf_prog_info_array_desc + i;
4934 		v1 = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(&info, desc->count_offset);
4935 		v2 = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(&info_linear->info,
4936 						   desc->count_offset);
4937 		if (v1 != v2)
4938 			pr_warning("%s: mismatch in element count\n", __func__);
4939 
4940 		v1 = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(&info, desc->size_offset);
4941 		v2 = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u32(&info_linear->info,
4942 						   desc->size_offset);
4943 		if (v1 != v2)
4944 			pr_warning("%s: mismatch in rec size\n", __func__);
4945 	}
4946 
4947 	/* step 7: update info_len and data_len */
4948 	info_linear->info_len = sizeof(struct bpf_prog_info);
4949 	info_linear->data_len = data_len;
4950 
4951 	return info_linear;
4952 }
4953 
4954 void bpf_program__bpil_addr_to_offs(struct bpf_prog_info_linear *info_linear)
4955 {
4956 	int i;
4957 
4958 	for (i = BPF_PROG_INFO_FIRST_ARRAY; i < BPF_PROG_INFO_LAST_ARRAY; ++i) {
4959 		struct bpf_prog_info_array_desc *desc;
4960 		__u64 addr, offs;
4961 
4962 		if ((info_linear->arrays & (1UL << i)) == 0)
4963 			continue;
4964 
4965 		desc = bpf_prog_info_array_desc + i;
4966 		addr = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u64(&info_linear->info,
4967 						     desc->array_offset);
4968 		offs = addr - ptr_to_u64(info_linear->data);
4969 		bpf_prog_info_set_offset_u64(&info_linear->info,
4970 					     desc->array_offset, offs);
4971 	}
4972 }
4973 
4974 void bpf_program__bpil_offs_to_addr(struct bpf_prog_info_linear *info_linear)
4975 {
4976 	int i;
4977 
4978 	for (i = BPF_PROG_INFO_FIRST_ARRAY; i < BPF_PROG_INFO_LAST_ARRAY; ++i) {
4979 		struct bpf_prog_info_array_desc *desc;
4980 		__u64 addr, offs;
4981 
4982 		if ((info_linear->arrays & (1UL << i)) == 0)
4983 			continue;
4984 
4985 		desc = bpf_prog_info_array_desc + i;
4986 		offs = bpf_prog_info_read_offset_u64(&info_linear->info,
4987 						     desc->array_offset);
4988 		addr = offs + ptr_to_u64(info_linear->data);
4989 		bpf_prog_info_set_offset_u64(&info_linear->info,
4990 					     desc->array_offset, addr);
4991 	}
4992 }
4993 
4994 int libbpf_num_possible_cpus(void)
4995 {
4996 	static const char *fcpu = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/possible";
4997 	int len = 0, n = 0, il = 0, ir = 0;
4998 	unsigned int start = 0, end = 0;
4999 	static int cpus;
5000 	char buf[128];
5001 	int error = 0;
5002 	int fd = -1;
5003 
5004 	if (cpus > 0)
5005 		return cpus;
5006 
5007 	fd = open(fcpu, O_RDONLY);
5008 	if (fd < 0) {
5009 		error = errno;
5010 		pr_warning("Failed to open file %s: %s\n",
5011 			   fcpu, strerror(error));
5012 		return -error;
5013 	}
5014 	len = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
5015 	close(fd);
5016 	if (len <= 0) {
5017 		error = len ? errno : EINVAL;
5018 		pr_warning("Failed to read # of possible cpus from %s: %s\n",
5019 			   fcpu, strerror(error));
5020 		return -error;
5021 	}
5022 	if (len == sizeof(buf)) {
5023 		pr_warning("File %s size overflow\n", fcpu);
5024 		return -EOVERFLOW;
5025 	}
5026 	buf[len] = '\0';
5027 
5028 	for (ir = 0, cpus = 0; ir <= len; ir++) {
5029 		/* Each sub string separated by ',' has format \d+-\d+ or \d+ */
5030 		if (buf[ir] == ',' || buf[ir] == '\0') {
5031 			buf[ir] = '\0';
5032 			n = sscanf(&buf[il], "%u-%u", &start, &end);
5033 			if (n <= 0) {
5034 				pr_warning("Failed to get # CPUs from %s\n",
5035 					   &buf[il]);
5036 				return -EINVAL;
5037 			} else if (n == 1) {
5038 				end = start;
5039 			}
5040 			cpus += end - start + 1;
5041 			il = ir + 1;
5042 		}
5043 	}
5044 	if (cpus <= 0) {
5045 		pr_warning("Invalid #CPUs %d from %s\n", cpus, fcpu);
5046 		return -EINVAL;
5047 	}
5048 	return cpus;
5049 }
5050