Revision tags: v6.6.25, v6.6.24, v6.6.23, v6.6.16, v6.6.15, v6.6.14, v6.6.13, v6.6.12, v6.6.11, v6.6.10, v6.6.9, v6.6.8, v6.6.7 |
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#
ff8cb8bc |
| 13-Dec-2023 |
James Gowans <jgowans@amazon.com> |
kexec: do syscore_shutdown() in kernel_kexec
commit 7bb943806ff61e83ae4cceef8906b7fe52453e8a upstream.
syscore_shutdown() runs driver and module callbacks to get the system into a state where it ca
kexec: do syscore_shutdown() in kernel_kexec
commit 7bb943806ff61e83ae4cceef8906b7fe52453e8a upstream.
syscore_shutdown() runs driver and module callbacks to get the system into a state where it can be correctly shut down. In commit 6f389a8f1dd2 ("PM / reboot: call syscore_shutdown() after disable_nonboot_cpus()") syscore_shutdown() was removed from kernel_restart_prepare() and hence got (incorrectly?) removed from the kexec flow. This was innocuous until commit 6735150b6997 ("KVM: Use syscore_ops instead of reboot_notifier to hook restart/shutdown") changed the way that KVM registered its shutdown callbacks, switching from reboot notifiers to syscore_ops.shutdown. As syscore_shutdown() is missing from kexec, KVM's shutdown hook is not run and virtualisation is left enabled on the boot CPU which results in triple faults when switching to the new kernel on Intel x86 VT-x with VMXE enabled.
Fix this by adding syscore_shutdown() to the kexec sequence. In terms of where to add it, it is being added after migrating the kexec task to the boot CPU, but before APs are shut down. It is not totally clear if this is the best place: in commit 6f389a8f1dd2 ("PM / reboot: call syscore_shutdown() after disable_nonboot_cpus()") it is stated that "syscore_ops operations should be carried with one CPU on-line and interrupts disabled." APs are only offlined later in machine_shutdown(), so this syscore_shutdown() is being run while APs are still online. This seems to be the correct place as it matches where syscore_shutdown() is run in the reboot and halt flows - they also run it before APs are shut down. The assumption is that the commit message in commit 6f389a8f1dd2 ("PM / reboot: call syscore_shutdown() after disable_nonboot_cpus()") is no longer valid.
KVM has been discussed here as it is what broke loudly by not having syscore_shutdown() in kexec, but this change impacts more than just KVM; all drivers/modules which register a syscore_ops.shutdown callback will now be invoked in the kexec flow. Looking at some of them like x86 MCE it is probably more correct to also shut these down during kexec. Maintainers of all drivers which use syscore_ops.shutdown are added on CC for visibility. They are:
arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spu_base.c .shutdown = spu_shutdown, arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c .shutdown = mce_syscore_shutdown, arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c .shutdown = i8259A_shutdown, drivers/irqchip/irq-i8259.c .shutdown = i8259A_shutdown, drivers/irqchip/irq-sun6i-r.c .shutdown = sun6i_r_intc_shutdown, drivers/leds/trigger/ledtrig-cpu.c .shutdown = ledtrig_cpu_syscore_shutdown, drivers/power/reset/sc27xx-poweroff.c .shutdown = sc27xx_poweroff_shutdown, kernel/irq/generic-chip.c .shutdown = irq_gc_shutdown, virt/kvm/kvm_main.c .shutdown = kvm_shutdown,
This has been tested by doing a kexec on x86_64 and aarch64.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231213064004.2419447-1-jgowans@amazon.com Fixes: 6735150b6997 ("KVM: Use syscore_ops instead of reboot_notifier to hook restart/shutdown") Signed-off-by: James Gowans <jgowans@amazon.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Chen-Yu Tsai <wens@csie.org> Cc: Jernej Skrabec <jernej.skrabec@gmail.com> Cc: Samuel Holland <samuel@sholland.org> Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Cc: Sebastian Reichel <sre@kernel.org> Cc: Orson Zhai <orsonzhai@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.de> Cc: Jan H. Schoenherr <jschoenh@amazon.de> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Revision tags: v6.6.6, v6.6.5, v6.6.4, v6.6.3, v6.6.2, v6.5.11, v6.6.1, v6.5.10, v6.6, v6.5.9, v6.5.8, v6.5.7, v6.5.6, v6.5.5, v6.5.4, v6.5.3, v6.5.2, v6.1.51, v6.5.1, v6.1.50, v6.5, v6.1.49, v6.1.48, v6.1.46 |
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#
24726275 |
| 14-Aug-2023 |
Eric DeVolder <eric.devolder@oracle.com> |
crash: add generic infrastructure for crash hotplug support
To support crash hotplug, a mechanism is needed to update the crash elfcorehdr upon CPU or memory changes (eg. hot un/plug or off/ onlini
crash: add generic infrastructure for crash hotplug support
To support crash hotplug, a mechanism is needed to update the crash elfcorehdr upon CPU or memory changes (eg. hot un/plug or off/ onlining). The crash elfcorehdr describes the CPUs and memory to be written into the vmcore.
To track CPU changes, callbacks are registered with the cpuhp mechanism via cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN). The crash hotplug elfcorehdr update has no explicit ordering requirement (relative to other cpuhp states), so meets the criteria for utilizing CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN. CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN is a dynamic state and avoids the need to introduce a new state for crash hotplug. Also, CPUHP_BP_PREPARE_DYN is the last state in the PREPARE group, just prior to the STARTING group, which is very close to the CPU starting up in a plug/online situation, or stopping in a unplug/ offline situation. This minimizes the window of time during an actual plug/online or unplug/offline situation in which the elfcorehdr would be inaccurate. Note that for a CPU being unplugged or offlined, the CPU will still be present in the list of CPUs generated by crash_prepare_elf64_headers(). However, there is no need to explicitly omit the CPU, see justification in 'crash: change crash_prepare_elf64_headers() to for_each_possible_cpu()'.
To track memory changes, a notifier is registered to capture the memblock MEM_ONLINE and MEM_OFFLINE events via register_memory_notifier().
The CPU callbacks and memory notifiers invoke crash_handle_hotplug_event() which performs needed tasks and then dispatches the event to the architecture specific arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event() to update the elfcorehdr with the current state of CPUs and memory. During the process, the kexec_lock is held.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230814214446.6659-3-eric.devolder@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Eric DeVolder <eric.devolder@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Akhil Raj <lf32.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org> Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net> Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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#
6f991cc3 |
| 14-Aug-2023 |
Eric DeVolder <eric.devolder@oracle.com> |
crash: move a few code bits to setup support of crash hotplug
Patch series "crash: Kernel handling of CPU and memory hot un/plug", v28.
Once the kdump service is loaded, if changes to CPUs or memor
crash: move a few code bits to setup support of crash hotplug
Patch series "crash: Kernel handling of CPU and memory hot un/plug", v28.
Once the kdump service is loaded, if changes to CPUs or memory occur, either by hot un/plug or off/onlining, the crash elfcorehdr must also be updated.
The elfcorehdr describes to kdump the CPUs and memory in the system, and any inaccuracies can result in a vmcore with missing CPU context or memory regions.
The current solution utilizes udev to initiate an unload-then-reload of the kdump image (eg. kernel, initrd, boot_params, purgatory and elfcorehdr) by the userspace kexec utility. In the original post I outlined the significant performance problems related to offloading this activity to userspace.
This patchset introduces a generic crash handler that registers with the CPU and memory notifiers. Upon CPU or memory changes, from either hot un/plug or off/onlining, this generic handler is invoked and performs important housekeeping, for example obtaining the appropriate lock, and then invokes an architecture specific handler to do the appropriate elfcorehdr update.
Note the description in patch 'crash: change crash_prepare_elf64_headers() to for_each_possible_cpu()' and 'x86/crash: optimize CPU changes' that enables further optimizations related to CPU plug/unplug/online/offline performance of elfcorehdr updates.
In the case of x86_64, the arch specific handler generates a new elfcorehdr, and overwrites the old one in memory; thus no involvement with userspace needed.
To realize the benefits/test this patchset, one must make a couple of minor changes to userspace:
- Prevent udev from updating kdump crash kernel on hot un/plug changes. Add the following as the first lines to the RHEL udev rule file /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/98-kexec.rules:
# The kernel updates the crash elfcorehdr for CPU and memory changes SUBSYSTEM=="cpu", ATTRS{crash_hotplug}=="1", GOTO="kdump_reload_end" SUBSYSTEM=="memory", ATTRS{crash_hotplug}=="1", GOTO="kdump_reload_end"
With this changeset applied, the two rules evaluate to false for CPU and memory change events and thus skip the userspace unload-then-reload of kdump.
- Change to the kexec_file_load for loading the kdump kernel: Eg. on RHEL: in /usr/bin/kdumpctl, change to: standard_kexec_args="-p -d -s" which adds the -s to select kexec_file_load() syscall.
This kernel patchset also supports kexec_load() with a modified kexec userspace utility. A working changeset to the kexec userspace utility is posted to the kexec-tools mailing list here:
http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/kexec/2023-May/027049.html
To use the kexec-tools patch, apply, build and install kexec-tools, then change the kdumpctl's standard_kexec_args to replace the -s with --hotplug. The removal of -s reverts to the kexec_load syscall and the addition of --hotplug invokes the changes put forth in the kexec-tools patch.
This patch (of 8):
The crash hotplug support leans on the work for the kexec_file_load() syscall. To also support the kexec_load() syscall, a few bits of code need to be move outside of CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE. As such, these bits are moved out of kexec_file.c and into a common location crash_core.c.
In addition, struct crash_mem and crash_notes were moved to new locales so that PROC_KCORE, which sets CRASH_CORE alone, builds correctly.
No functionality change intended.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230814214446.6659-1-eric.devolder@oracle.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230814214446.6659-2-eric.devolder@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Eric DeVolder <eric.devolder@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Akhil Raj <lf32.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org> Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net> Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Revision tags: v6.1.45, v6.1.44, v6.1.43, v6.1.42, v6.1.41, v6.1.40, v6.1.39, v6.1.38, v6.1.37, v6.1.36, v6.4, v6.1.35, v6.1.34, v6.1.33, v6.1.32, v6.1.31 |
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#
16c6006a |
| 27-May-2023 |
Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> |
kexec: enable kexec_crash_size to support two crash kernel regions
The crashk_low_res should be considered by /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size to support two crash kernel regions shrinking if existing.
kexec: enable kexec_crash_size to support two crash kernel regions
The crashk_low_res should be considered by /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size to support two crash kernel regions shrinking if existing.
While doing it, crashk_low_res will only be shrunk when the entire crashk_res is empty; and if the crashk_res is empty and crahk_low_res is not, change crashk_low_res to be crashk_res.
[bhe@redhat.com: redo changelog] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230527123439.772-7-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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5b7bfb32 |
| 27-May-2023 |
Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> |
kexec: add helper __crash_shrink_memory()
No functional change, in preparation for the next patch so that it is easier to review.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make __crash_shrink_memory() static]
kexec: add helper __crash_shrink_memory()
No functional change, in preparation for the next patch so that it is easier to review.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make __crash_shrink_memory() static] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202305280717.Pw06aLkz-lkp@intel.com/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230527123439.772-6-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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8a7db779 |
| 27-May-2023 |
Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> |
kexec: improve the readability of crash_shrink_memory()
The major adjustments are: 1. end = start + new_size. The 'end' here is not an accurate representation, because it is not the new end of
kexec: improve the readability of crash_shrink_memory()
The major adjustments are: 1. end = start + new_size. The 'end' here is not an accurate representation, because it is not the new end of crashk_res, but the start of ram_res, difference 1. So eliminate it and replace it with ram_res->start. 2. Use 'ram_res->start' and 'ram_res->end' as arguments to crash_free_reserved_phys_range() to indicate that the memory covered by 'ram_res' is released from the crashk. And keep it close to insert_resource(). 3. Replace 'if (start == end)' with 'if (!new_size)', clear indication that all crashk memory will be shrunken.
No functional change.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230527123439.772-5-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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#
f7f567b9 |
| 27-May-2023 |
Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> |
kexec: clear crashk_res if all its memory has been released
If the resource of crashk_res has been released, it is better to clear crashk_res.start and crashk_res.end. Because 'end = start - 1' is
kexec: clear crashk_res if all its memory has been released
If the resource of crashk_res has been released, it is better to clear crashk_res.start and crashk_res.end. Because 'end = start - 1' is not reasonable, and in some places the test is based on crashk_res.end, not resource_size(&crashk_res).
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230527123439.772-4-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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6f22a744 |
| 27-May-2023 |
Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> |
kexec: delete a useless check in crash_shrink_memory()
The check '(crashk_res.parent != NULL)' is added by commit e05bd3367bd3 ("kexec: fix Oops in crash_shrink_memory()"), but it's stale now. Beca
kexec: delete a useless check in crash_shrink_memory()
The check '(crashk_res.parent != NULL)' is added by commit e05bd3367bd3 ("kexec: fix Oops in crash_shrink_memory()"), but it's stale now. Because if 'crashk_res' is not reserved, it will be zero in size and will be intercepted by the above 'if (new_size >= old_size)'.
Ago: if (new_size >= end - start + 1)
Now: old_size = (end == 0) ? 0 : end - start + 1; if (new_size >= old_size)
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230527123439.772-3-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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#
1cba6c43 |
| 27-May-2023 |
Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> |
kexec: fix a memory leak in crash_shrink_memory()
Patch series "kexec: enable kexec_crash_size to support two crash kernel regions".
When crashkernel=X fails to reserve region under 4G, it will fal
kexec: fix a memory leak in crash_shrink_memory()
Patch series "kexec: enable kexec_crash_size to support two crash kernel regions".
When crashkernel=X fails to reserve region under 4G, it will fall back to reserve region above 4G and a region of the default size will also be reserved under 4G. Unfortunately, /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size only supports one crash kernel region now, the user cannot sense the low memory reserved by reading /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size. Also, low memory cannot be freed by writing this file.
For example: resource_size(crashk_res) = 512M resource_size(crashk_low_res) = 256M
The result of 'cat /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size' is 512M, but it should be 768M. When we execute 'echo 0 > /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size', the size of crashk_res becomes 0 and resource_size(crashk_low_res) is still 256 MB, which is incorrect.
Since crashk_res manages the memory with high address and crashk_low_res manages the memory with low address, crashk_low_res is shrunken only when all crashk_res is shrunken. And because when there is only one crash kernel region, crashk_res is always used. Therefore, if all crashk_res is shrunken and crashk_low_res still exists, swap them.
This patch (of 6):
If the value of parameter 'new_size' is in the semi-open and semi-closed interval (crashk_res.end - KEXEC_CRASH_MEM_ALIGN + 1, crashk_res.end], the calculation result of ram_res is:
ram_res->start = crashk_res.end + 1 ram_res->end = crashk_res.end
The operation of insert_resource() fails, and ram_res is not added to iomem_resource. As a result, the memory of the control block ram_res is leaked.
In fact, on all architectures, the start address and size of crashk_res are already aligned by KEXEC_CRASH_MEM_ALIGN. Therefore, we do not need to round up crashk_res.start again. Instead, we should round up 'new_size' in advance.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230527123439.772-1-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230527123439.772-2-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Fixes: 6480e5a09237 ("kdump: add missing RAM resource in crash_shrink_memory()") Fixes: 06a7f711246b ("kexec: premit reduction of the reserved memory size") Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Revision tags: v6.1.30, v6.1.29, v6.1.28, v6.1.27, v6.1.26, v6.3, v6.1.25, v6.1.24, v6.1.23, v6.1.22, v6.1.21, v6.1.20, v6.1.19, v6.1.18, v6.1.17, v6.1.16, v6.1.15, v6.1.14, v6.1.13, v6.2, v6.1.12, v6.1.11, v6.1.10, v6.1.9, v6.1.8, v6.1.7, v6.1.6, v6.1.5, v6.0.19, v6.0.18, v6.1.4 |
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#
a42aaad2 |
| 04-Jan-2023 |
Ricardo Ribalda <ribalda@chromium.org> |
kexec: introduce sysctl parameters kexec_load_limit_*
kexec allows replacing the current kernel with a different one. This is usually a source of concerns for sysadmins that want to harden a system
kexec: introduce sysctl parameters kexec_load_limit_*
kexec allows replacing the current kernel with a different one. This is usually a source of concerns for sysadmins that want to harden a system.
Linux already provides a way to disable loading new kexec kernel via kexec_load_disabled, but that control is very coard, it is all or nothing and does not make distinction between a panic kexec and a normal kexec.
This patch introduces new sysctl parameters, with finer tuning to specify how many times a kexec kernel can be loaded. The sysadmin can set different limits for kexec panic and kexec reboot kernels. The value can be modified at runtime via sysctl, but only with a stricter value.
With these new parameters on place, a system with loadpin and verity enabled, using the following kernel parameters: sysctl.kexec_load_limit_reboot=0 sysct.kexec_load_limit_panic=1 can have a good warranty that if initrd tries to load a panic kernel, a malitious user will have small chances to replace that kernel with a different one, even if they can trigger timeouts on the disk where the panic kernel lives.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221114-disable-kexec-reset-v6-3-6a8531a09b9a@chromium.org Signed-off-by: Ricardo Ribalda <ribalda@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@igalia.com> # Steam Deck Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Philipp Rudo <prudo@redhat.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <zwisler@kernel.org> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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#
7e99f8b6 |
| 04-Jan-2023 |
Ricardo Ribalda <ribalda@chromium.org> |
kexec: factor out kexec_load_permitted
Both syscalls (kexec and kexec_file) do the same check, let's factor it out.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221114-disable-kexec-reset-v6-2-6a8531a09b9a@ch
kexec: factor out kexec_load_permitted
Both syscalls (kexec and kexec_file) do the same check, let's factor it out.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221114-disable-kexec-reset-v6-2-6a8531a09b9a@chromium.org Signed-off-by: Ricardo Ribalda <ribalda@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@igalia.com> Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Philipp Rudo <prudo@redhat.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <zwisler@kernel.org> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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#
400031e0 |
| 01-Feb-2023 |
David Vernet <void@manifault.com> |
bpf: Add __bpf_kfunc tag to all kfuncs
Now that we have the __bpf_kfunc tag, we should use add it to all existing kfuncs to ensure that they'll never be elided in LTO builds.
Signed-off-by: David V
bpf: Add __bpf_kfunc tag to all kfuncs
Now that we have the __bpf_kfunc tag, we should use add it to all existing kfuncs to ensure that they'll never be elided in LTO builds.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230201173016.342758-4-void@manifault.com
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Revision tags: v6.1.3, v6.0.17, v6.1.2, v6.0.16, v6.1.1, v6.0.15, v6.0.14, v6.0.13, v6.1, v6.0.12, v6.0.11, v6.0.10, v5.15.80, v6.0.9, v5.15.79, v6.0.8, v5.15.78, v6.0.7, v5.15.77, v5.15.76, v6.0.6, v6.0.5, v5.15.75, v6.0.4, v6.0.3, v6.0.2, v5.15.74, v5.15.73, v6.0.1, v5.15.72, v6.0 |
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#
32d0c98e |
| 28-Sep-2022 |
ye xingchen <ye.xingchen@zte.com.cn> |
kexec: remove the unneeded result variable
Return the value kimage_add_entry() directly instead of storing it in another redundant variable.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220929042936.22012-3-b
kexec: remove the unneeded result variable
Return the value kimage_add_entry() directly instead of storing it in another redundant variable.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220929042936.22012-3-bhe@redhat.com Signed-off-by: ye xingchen <ye.xingchen@zte.com.cn> Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Reported-by: Zeal Robot <zealci@zte.com.cn> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Chen Lifu <chenlifu@huawei.com> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Jianglei Nie <niejianglei2021@163.com> Cc: Li Chen <lchen@ambarella.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Revision tags: v5.15.71, v5.15.70, v5.15.69, v5.15.68, v5.15.67, v5.15.66, v5.15.65, v5.15.64, v5.15.63 |
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#
948084f0 |
| 21-Aug-2022 |
Fabio M. De Francesco <fmdefrancesco@gmail.com> |
kexec: replace kmap() with kmap_local_page()
kmap() is being deprecated in favor of kmap_local_page().
There are two main problems with kmap(): (1) It comes with an overhead as mapping space is res
kexec: replace kmap() with kmap_local_page()
kmap() is being deprecated in favor of kmap_local_page().
There are two main problems with kmap(): (1) It comes with an overhead as mapping space is restricted and protected by a global lock for synchronization and (2) it also requires global TLB invalidation when the kmap's pool wraps and it might block when the mapping space is fully utilized until a slot becomes available.
With kmap_local_page() the mappings are per thread, CPU local, can take page faults, and can be called from any context (including interrupts). It is faster than kmap() in kernels with HIGHMEM enabled. Furthermore, the tasks can be preempted and, when they are scheduled to run again, the kernel virtual addresses are restored and are still valid.
Since its use in kexec_core.c is safe everywhere, it should be preferred.
Therefore, replace kmap() with kmap_local_page() in kexec_core.c.
Tested on a QEMU/KVM x86_32 VM, 6GB RAM, booting a kernel with HIGHMEM64GB enabled.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220821182519.9483-1-fmdefrancesco@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Fabio M. De Francesco <fmdefrancesco@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Revision tags: v5.15.62, v5.15.61, v5.15.60, v5.15.59, v5.19, v5.15.58, v5.15.57, v5.15.56, v5.15.55, v5.15.54, v5.15.53, v5.15.52 |
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#
05c62574 |
| 30-Jun-2022 |
Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> |
panic, kexec: make __crash_kexec() NMI safe
Attempting to get a crash dump out of a debug PREEMPT_RT kernel via an NMI panic() doesn't work. The cause of that lies in the PREEMPT_RT definition of m
panic, kexec: make __crash_kexec() NMI safe
Attempting to get a crash dump out of a debug PREEMPT_RT kernel via an NMI panic() doesn't work. The cause of that lies in the PREEMPT_RT definition of mutex_trylock():
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_RT_MUTEXES) && WARN_ON_ONCE(!in_task())) return 0;
This prevents an nmi_panic() from executing the main body of __crash_kexec() which does the actual kexec into the kdump kernel. The warning and return are explained by:
6ce47fd961fa ("rtmutex: Warn if trylock is called from hard/softirq context") [...] The reasons for this are:
1) There is a potential deadlock in the slowpath
2) Another cpu which blocks on the rtmutex will boost the task which allegedly locked the rtmutex, but that cannot work because the hard/softirq context borrows the task context.
Furthermore, grabbing the lock isn't NMI safe, so do away with kexec_mutex and replace it with an atomic variable. This is somewhat overzealous as *some* callsites could keep using a mutex (e.g. the sysfs-facing ones like crash_shrink_memory()), but this has the benefit of involving a single unified lock and preventing any future NMI-related surprises.
Tested by triggering NMI panics via:
$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_unrecovered_nmi $ echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/unknown_nmi_panic $ echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/panic
$ ipmitool power diag
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220630223258.4144112-3-vschneid@redhat.com Fixes: 6ce47fd961fa ("rtmutex: Warn if trylock is called from hard/softirq context") Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Juri Lelli <jlelli@redhat.com> Cc: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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#
7bb5da0d |
| 30-Jun-2022 |
Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> |
kexec: turn all kexec_mutex acquisitions into trylocks
Patch series "kexec, panic: Making crash_kexec() NMI safe", v4.
This patch (of 2):
Most acquistions of kexec_mutex are done via mutex_tryloc
kexec: turn all kexec_mutex acquisitions into trylocks
Patch series "kexec, panic: Making crash_kexec() NMI safe", v4.
This patch (of 2):
Most acquistions of kexec_mutex are done via mutex_trylock() - those were a direct "translation" from:
8c5a1cf0ad3a ("kexec: use a mutex for locking rather than xchg()")
there have however been two additions since then that use mutex_lock(): crash_get_memory_size() and crash_shrink_memory().
A later commit will replace said mutex with an atomic variable, and locking operations will become atomic_cmpxchg(). Rather than having those mutex_lock() become while (atomic_cmpxchg(&lock, 0, 1)), turn them into trylocks that can return -EBUSY on acquisition failure.
This does halve the printable size of the crash kernel, but that's still neighbouring 2G for 32bit kernels which should be ample enough.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220630223258.4144112-1-vschneid@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220630223258.4144112-2-vschneid@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Juri Lelli <jlelli@redhat.com> Cc: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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#
0738eceb |
| 01-Jul-2022 |
Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com> |
kexec: drop weak attribute from functions
Drop __weak attribute from functions in kexec_core.c: - machine_kexec_post_load() - arch_kexec_protect_crashkres() - arch_kexec_unprotect_crashkres() - cras
kexec: drop weak attribute from functions
Drop __weak attribute from functions in kexec_core.c: - machine_kexec_post_load() - arch_kexec_protect_crashkres() - arch_kexec_unprotect_crashkres() - crash_free_reserved_phys_range()
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/c0f6219e03cb399d166d518ab505095218a902dd.1656659357.git.naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Suggested-by: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
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Revision tags: v5.15.51, v5.15.50, v5.15.49, v5.15.48, v5.15.47, v5.15.46, v5.15.45, v5.15.44, v5.15.43, v5.15.42, v5.18, v5.15.41, v5.15.40, v5.15.39, v5.15.38, v5.15.37 |
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#
16b0b7ad |
| 29-Apr-2022 |
Michal Orzel <michalorzel.eng@gmail.com> |
kexec: remove redundant assignments
Get rid of redundant assignments which end up in values not being read either because they are overwritten or the function ends.
Reported by clang-tidy [deadcode
kexec: remove redundant assignments
Get rid of redundant assignments which end up in values not being read either because they are overwritten or the function ends.
Reported by clang-tidy [deadcode.DeadStores]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220326180948.192154-1-michalorzel.eng@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Michal Orzel <michalorzel.eng@gmail.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Michal Orzel <michalorzel.eng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Revision tags: v5.15.36 |
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#
a467257f |
| 23-Apr-2022 |
yingelin <yingelin@huawei.com> |
kernel/kexec_core: move kexec_core sysctls into its own file
This move the kernel/kexec_core.c respective sysctls to its own file.
kernel/sysctl.c has grown to an insane mess, We move sysctls to pl
kernel/kexec_core: move kexec_core sysctls into its own file
This move the kernel/kexec_core.c respective sysctls to its own file.
kernel/sysctl.c has grown to an insane mess, We move sysctls to places where features actually belong to improve the readability and reduce merge conflicts. At the same time, the proc-sysctl maintainers can easily care about the core logic other than the sysctl knobs added for some feature.
We already moved all filesystem sysctls out. This patch is part of the effort to move kexec related sysctls out.
Signed-off-by: yingelin <yingelin@huawei.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
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Revision tags: v5.15.35, v5.15.34, v5.15.33, v5.15.32 |
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#
9554e908 |
| 25-Mar-2022 |
Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> |
ELF: Remove elf_core_copy_kernel_regs()
x86-32 was the last architecture that implemented separate user and kernel registers.
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav
ELF: Remove elf_core_copy_kernel_regs()
x86-32 was the last architecture that implemented separate user and kernel registers.
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220325153953.162643-3-brgerst@gmail.com
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Revision tags: v5.15.31, v5.17, v5.15.30, v5.15.29, v5.15.28, v5.15.27, v5.15.26, v5.15.25, v5.15.24, v5.15.23, v5.15.22, v5.15.21, v5.15.20, v5.15.19, v5.15.18, v5.15.17, v5.4.173, v5.15.16, v5.15.15, v5.16, v5.15.10, v5.15.9, v5.15.8, v5.15.7, v5.15.6, v5.15.5 |
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#
05ea0424 |
| 22-Nov-2021 |
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> |
exit: Move oops specific logic from do_exit into make_task_dead
The beginning of do_exit has become cluttered and difficult to read as it is filled with checks to handle things that can only happen
exit: Move oops specific logic from do_exit into make_task_dead
The beginning of do_exit has become cluttered and difficult to read as it is filled with checks to handle things that can only happen when the kernel is operating improperly.
Now that we have a dedicated function for cleaning up a task when the kernel is operating improperly move the checks there.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
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Revision tags: v5.15.4, v5.15.3, v5.15.2, v5.15.1, v5.15, v5.14.14, v5.14.13, v5.14.12, v5.14.11, v5.14.10, v5.14.9, v5.14.8, v5.14.7, v5.14.6, v5.10.67, v5.10.66, v5.14.5, v5.14.4, v5.10.65, v5.14.3, v5.10.64, v5.14.2, v5.10.63, v5.14.1, v5.10.62, v5.14, v5.10.61, v5.10.60, v5.10.53, v5.10.52, v5.10.51 |
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#
93d102f0 |
| 15-Jul-2021 |
John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de> |
printk: remove safe buffers
With @logbuf_lock removed, the high level printk functions for storing messages are lockless. Messages can be stored from any context, so there is no need for the NMI and
printk: remove safe buffers
With @logbuf_lock removed, the high level printk functions for storing messages are lockless. Messages can be stored from any context, so there is no need for the NMI and safe buffers anymore. Remove the NMI and safe buffers.
Although the safe buffers are removed, the NMI and safe context tracking is still in place. In these contexts, store the message immediately but still use irq_work to defer the console printing.
Since printk recursion tracking is in place, safe context tracking for most of printk is not needed. Remove it. Only safe context tracking relating to the console and console_owner locks is left in place. This is because the console and console_owner locks are needed for the actual printing.
Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210715193359.25946-4-john.ogness@linutronix.de
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Revision tags: v5.10.50, v5.10.49 |
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#
f39650de |
| 30-Jun-2021 |
Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> |
kernel.h: split out panic and oops helpers
kernel.h is being used as a dump for all kinds of stuff for a long time. Here is the attempt to start cleaning it up by splitting out panic and oops helper
kernel.h: split out panic and oops helpers
kernel.h is being used as a dump for all kinds of stuff for a long time. Here is the attempt to start cleaning it up by splitting out panic and oops helpers.
There are several purposes of doing this: - dropping dependency in bug.h - dropping a loop by moving out panic_notifier.h - unload kernel.h from something which has its own domain
At the same time convert users tree-wide to use new headers, although for the time being include new header back to kernel.h to avoid twisted indirected includes for existing users.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: thread_info.h needs limits.h] [andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com: ia64 fix] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210520130557.55277-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210511074137.33666-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org> Co-developed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Corey Minyard <cminyard@mvista.com> Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Sebastian Reichel <sre@kernel.org> Acked-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org> Acked-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@kernel.org> Acked-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> # parisc Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Revision tags: v5.13, v5.10.46, v5.10.43, v5.10.42, v5.10.41, v5.10.40, v5.10.39, v5.4.119, v5.10.36, v5.10.35 |
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#
b2075dbb |
| 06-May-2021 |
Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> |
kexec: dump kmessage before machine_kexec
kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_SHUTDOWN) is called before machine_restart(), machine_halt(), and machine_power_off(). The only one that is missing is machine_kexec().
kexec: dump kmessage before machine_kexec
kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_SHUTDOWN) is called before machine_restart(), machine_halt(), and machine_power_off(). The only one that is missing is machine_kexec().
The dmesg output that it contains can be used to study the shutdown performance of both kernel and systemd during kexec reboot.
Here is example of dmesg data collected after kexec:
root@dplat-cp22:~# cat /sys/fs/pstore/dmesg-ramoops-0 | tail ... [ 70.914592] psci: CPU3 killed (polled 0 ms) [ 70.915705] CPU4: shutdown [ 70.916643] psci: CPU4 killed (polled 4 ms) [ 70.917715] CPU5: shutdown [ 70.918725] psci: CPU5 killed (polled 0 ms) [ 70.919704] CPU6: shutdown [ 70.920726] psci: CPU6 killed (polled 4 ms) [ 70.921642] CPU7: shutdown [ 70.922650] psci: CPU7 killed (polled 0 ms)
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319192326.146000-2-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Anton Vorontsov <anton@enomsg.org> Cc: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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#
a119b4e5 |
| 06-May-2021 |
Joe LeVeque <jolevequ@microsoft.com> |
kexec: Add kexec reboot string
The purpose is to notify the kernel module for fast reboot.
Upstream a patch from the SONiC network operating system [1].
[1]: https://github.com/Azure/sonic-linux-k
kexec: Add kexec reboot string
The purpose is to notify the kernel module for fast reboot.
Upstream a patch from the SONiC network operating system [1].
[1]: https://github.com/Azure/sonic-linux-kernel/pull/46
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210304124626.13927-1-pmenzel@molgen.mpg.de Signed-off-by: Joe LeVeque <jolevequ@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Menzel <pmenzel@molgen.mpg.de> Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Guohan Lu <lguohan@gmail.com> Cc: Joe LeVeque <jolevequ@microsoft.com> Cc: Paul Menzel <pmenzel@molgen.mpg.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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