ovl: make use of ->layers safe in rcu pathwalk

ovl_permission() accesses ->layers[...].mnt; we can't have ->layers
freed without an RCU delay on fs shutdown.

Fortunately, kern_unmount_array() that

ovl: make use of ->layers safe in rcu pathwalk

ovl_permission() accesses ->layers[...].mnt; we can't have ->layers
freed without an RCU delay on fs shutdown.

Fortunately, kern_unmount_array() that is used to drop those mounts
does include an RCU delay, so freeing is delayed; unfortunately, the
array passed to kern_unmount_array() is formed by mangling ->layers
contents and that happens without any delays.

The ->layers[...].name string entries are used to store the strings to
display in "lowerdir=..." by ovl_show_options(). Those entries are not
accessed in RCU walk.

Move the name strings into a separate array ofs->config.lowerdirs and
reuse the ofs->config.lowerdirs array as the temporary mount array to
pass to kern_unmount_array().

Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231002023711.GP3389589@ZenIV/
Acked-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

show more ...

ovl: validate superblock in OVL_FS()

When CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS_DEBUG is enabled add an explicit check to make
sure that OVL_FS() is always used with a valid overlayfs superblock.
Otherwise trigger a WA

ovl: validate superblock in OVL_FS()

When CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS_DEBUG is enabled add an explicit check to make
sure that OVL_FS() is always used with a valid overlayfs superblock.
Otherwise trigger a WARN_ON_ONCE().

Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

show more ...

ovl: make consistent use of OVL_FS()

Always use OVL_FS() to retrieve the corresponding struct ovl_fs from a
struct super_block.

Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andre

ovl: make consistent use of OVL_FS()

Always use OVL_FS() to retrieve the corresponding struct ovl_fs from a
struct super_block.

Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

show more ...

ovl: add support for unique fsid per instance

The legacy behavior of ovl_statfs() reports the f_fsid filled by
underlying upper fs. This fsid is not unique among overlayfs instances
on the same uppe

ovl: add support for unique fsid per instance

The legacy behavior of ovl_statfs() reports the f_fsid filled by
underlying upper fs. This fsid is not unique among overlayfs instances
on the same upper fs.

With mount option uuid=on, generate a non-persistent uuid per overlayfs
instance and use it as the seed for f_fsid, similar to tmpfs.

This is useful for reporting fanotify events with fid info from different
instances of overlayfs over the same upper fs.

The old behavior of null uuid and upper fs fsid is retained with the
mount option uuid=null, which is the default.

The mount option uuid=off that disables uuid checks in underlying layers
also retains the legacy behavior.

Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

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ovl: support encoding non-decodable file handles

When all layers support file handles, we support encoding non-decodable
file handles (a.k.a. fid) even with nfs_export=off.

When file handles do not

ovl: support encoding non-decodable file handles

When all layers support file handles, we support encoding non-decodable
file handles (a.k.a. fid) even with nfs_export=off.

When file handles do not need to be decoded, we do not need to copy up
redirected lower directories on encode, and we encode also non-indexed
upper with lower file handle, so fid will not change on copy up.

This enables reporting fanotify events with file handles on overlayfs
with default config/mount options.

Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

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ovl: Add framework for verity support

This adds the scaffolding (docs, config, mount options) for supporting
the new digest field in the metacopy xattr. This contains a fs-verity
digest that need to

ovl: Add framework for verity support

This adds the scaffolding (docs, config, mount options) for supporting
the new digest field in the metacopy xattr. This contains a fs-verity
digest that need to match the fs-verity digest of the lowerdata
file. The mount option "verity" specifies how this xattr is handled.

If you enable verity ("verity=on") all existing xattrs are validated
before use, and during metacopy we generate verity xattr in the upper
metacopy file (if the source file has verity enabled). This means
later accesses can guarantee that the same data is used.

Additionally you can use "verity=require". In this mode all metacopy
files must have a valid verity xattr. For this to work metadata
copy-up must be able to create a verity xattr (so that later accesses
are validated). Therefore, in this mode, if the lower data file
doesn't have fs-verity enabled we fall back to a full copy rather than
a metacopy.

Actual implementation follows in a separate commit.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

show more ...

ovl: modify layer parameter parsing

We ran into issues where mount(8) passed multiple lower layers as one
big string through fsconfig(). But the fsconfig() FSCONFIG_SET_STRING
option is limited to 2

ovl: modify layer parameter parsing

We ran into issues where mount(8) passed multiple lower layers as one
big string through fsconfig(). But the fsconfig() FSCONFIG_SET_STRING
option is limited to 256 bytes in strndup_user(). While this would be
fixable by extending the fsconfig() buffer I'd rather encourage users to
append layers via multiple fsconfig() calls as the interface allows
nicely for this. This has also been requested as a feature before.

With this port to the new mount api the following will be possible:

fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "lowerdir", "/lower1", 0);

/* set upper layer */
fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "upperdir", "/upper", 0);

/* append "/lower2", "/lower3", and "/lower4" */
fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "lowerdir", ":/lower2:/lower3:/lower4", 0);

/* turn index feature on */
fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "index", "on", 0);

/* append "/lower5" */
fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "lowerdir", ":/lower5", 0);

Specifying ':' would have been rejected so this isn't a regression. And
we can't simply use "lowerdir=/lower" to append on top of existing
layers as "lowerdir=/lower,lowerdir=/other-lower" would make
"/other-lower" the only lower layer so we'd break uapi if we changed
this. So the ':' prefix seems a good compromise.

Users can choose to specify multiple layers at once or individual
layers. A layer is appended if it starts with ":". This requires that
the user has already added at least one layer before. If lowerdir is
specified again without a leading ":" then all previous layers are
dropped and replaced with the new layers. If lowerdir is specified and
empty than all layers are simply dropped.

An additional change is that overlayfs will now parse and resolve layers
right when they are specified in fsconfig() instead of deferring until
super block creation. This allows users to receive early errors.

It also allows users to actually use up to 500 layers something which
was theoretically possible but ended up not working due to the mount
option string passed via mount(2) being too large.

This also allows a more privileged process to set config options for a
lesser privileged process as the creds for fsconfig() and the creds for
fsopen() can differ. We could restrict that they match by enforcing that
the creds of fsopen() and fsconfig() match but I don't see why that
needs to be the case and allows for a good delegation mechanism.

Plus, in the future it means we're able to extend overlayfs mount
options and allow users to specify layers via file descriptors instead
of paths:

fsconfig(FSCONFIG_SET_PATH{_EMPTY}, "lowerdir", "lower1", dirfd);

/* append */
fsconfig(FSCONFIG_SET_PATH{_EMPTY}, "lowerdir", "lower2", dirfd);

/* append */
fsconfig(FSCONFIG_SET_PATH{_EMPTY}, "lowerdir", "lower3", dirfd);

/* clear all layers specified until now */
fsconfig(FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "lowerdir", NULL, 0);

This would be especially nice if users create an overlayfs mount on top
of idmapped layers or just in general private mounts created via
open_tree(OPEN_TREE_CLONE). Those mounts would then never have to appear
anywhere in the filesystem. But for now just do the minimal thing.

We should probably aim to move more validation into ovl_fs_parse_param()
so users get errors before fsconfig(FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE). But that can
be done in additional patches later.

This is now also rebased on top of the lazy lowerdata lookup which
allows the specificatin of data only layers using the new "::" syntax.

The rules are simple. A data only layers cannot be followed by any
regular layers and data layers must be preceeded by at least one regular
layer.

Parsing the lowerdir mount option must change because of this. The
original patchset used the old lowerdir parsing function to split a
lowerdir mount option string such as:

lowerdir=/lower1:/lower2::/lower3::/lower4

simply replacing each non-escaped ":" by "\0". So sequences of
non-escaped ":" were counted as layers. For example, the previous
lowerdir mount option above would've counted 6 layers instead of 4 and a
lowerdir mount option such as:

lowerdir="/lower1:/lower2::/lower3::/lower4:::::::::::::::::::::::::::"

would be counted as 33 layers. Other than being ugly this didn't matter
much because kern_path() would reject the first "\0" layer. However,
this overcounting of layers becomes problematic when we base allocations
on it where we very much only want to allocate space for 4 layers
instead of 33.

So the new parsing function rejects non-escaped sequences of colons
other than ":" and "::" immediately instead of relying on kern_path().

Link: https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues/2287
Link: https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues/1992
Link: https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/78702
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-unionfs/20230530-klagen-zudem-32c0908c2108@brauner
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

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ovl: store enum redirect_mode in config instead of a string

Do all the logic to set the mode during mount options parsing and
do not keep the option string around.

Use a constant_table to translate

ovl: store enum redirect_mode in config instead of a string

Do all the logic to set the mode during mount options parsing and
do not keep the option string around.

Use a constant_table to translate from enum redirect mode to string
in preperation for new mount api option parsing.

The mount option "off" is translated to either "follow" or "nofollow",
depending on the "redirect_always_follow" build/module config, so
in effect, there are only three possible redirect modes.

This results in a minor change to the string that is displayed
in show_options() - when redirect_dir is enabled by default and the user
mounts with the option "redirect_dir=off", instead of displaying the mode
"redirect_dir=off" in show_options(), the displayed mode will be either
"redirect_dir=follow" or "redirect_dir=nofollow", depending on the value
of "redirect_always_follow" build/module config.

The displayed mode reflects the effective mode, so mounting overlayfs
again with the dispalyed redirect_dir option will result with the same
effective and displayed mode.

Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

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ovl: negate the ofs->share_whiteout boolean

The default common case is that whiteout sharing is enabled.
Change to storing the negated no_shared_whiteout state, so we will not
need to initialize it.

ovl: negate the ofs->share_whiteout boolean

The default common case is that whiteout sharing is enabled.
Change to storing the negated no_shared_whiteout state, so we will not
need to initialize it.

This is the first step towards removing all config and feature
initializations out of ovl_fill_super().

Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

show more ...

ovl: check type and offset of struct vfsmount in ovl_entry

Porting overlayfs to the new amount api I started experiencing random
crashes that couldn't be explained easily. So after much debugging an

ovl: check type and offset of struct vfsmount in ovl_entry

Porting overlayfs to the new amount api I started experiencing random
crashes that couldn't be explained easily. So after much debugging and
reasoning it became clear that struct ovl_entry requires the point to
struct vfsmount to be the first member and of type struct vfsmount.

During the port I added a new member at the beginning of struct
ovl_entry which broke all over the place in the form of random crashes
and cache corruptions. While there's a comment in ovl_free_fs() to the
effect of "Hack! Reuse ofs->layers as a vfsmount array before freeing
it" there's no such comment on struct ovl_entry which makes this easy to
trip over.

Add a comment and two static asserts for both the offset and the type of
pointer in struct ovl_entry.

Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

show more ...

ovl: implement lazy lookup of lowerdata in data-only layers

Defer lookup of lowerdata in the data-only layers to first data access
or before copy up.

We perform lowerdata lookup before copy up even

ovl: implement lazy lookup of lowerdata in data-only layers

Defer lookup of lowerdata in the data-only layers to first data access
or before copy up.

We perform lowerdata lookup before copy up even if copy up is metadata
only copy up. We can further optimize this lookup later if needed.

We do best effort lazy lookup of lowerdata for d_real_inode(), because
this interface does not expect errors. The only current in-tree caller
of d_real_inode() is trace_uprobe and this caller is likely going to be
followed reading from the file, before placing uprobes on offset within
the file, so lowerdata should be available when setting the uprobe.

Tested-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: prepare to store lowerdata redirect for lazy lowerdata lookup

Prepare to allow ovl_lookup() to leave the last entry in a non-dir
lowerstack empty to signify lazy lowerdata lookup.

In this case

ovl: prepare to store lowerdata redirect for lazy lowerdata lookup

Prepare to allow ovl_lookup() to leave the last entry in a non-dir
lowerstack empty to signify lazy lowerdata lookup.

In this case, ovl_lookup() stores the redirect path from metacopy to
lowerdata in ovl_inode, which is going to be used later to perform the
lazy lowerdata lookup.

Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: introduce data-only lower layers

Introduce the format lowerdir=lower1:lower2::lowerdata1::lowerdata2
where the lower layers on the right of the :: separators are not merged
into the overlayfs m

ovl: introduce data-only lower layers

Introduce the format lowerdir=lower1:lower2::lowerdata1::lowerdata2
where the lower layers on the right of the :: separators are not merged
into the overlayfs merge dirs.

Data-only lower layers are only allowed at the bottom of the stack.

The files in those layers are only meant to be accessible via absolute
redirect from metacopy files in lower layers. Following changes will
implement lookup in the data layers.

This feature was requested for composefs ostree use case, where the
lower data layer should only be accessiable via absolute redirects
from metacopy inodes.

The lower data layers are not required to a have a unique uuid or any
uuid at all, because they are never used to compose the overlayfs inode
st_ino/st_dev.

Reviewed-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: deduplicate lowerdata and lowerstack[]

The ovl_inode contains a copy of lowerdata in lowerstack[], so the
lowerdata inode member can be removed.

Use accessors ovl_lowerdata*() to get the lower

ovl: deduplicate lowerdata and lowerstack[]

The ovl_inode contains a copy of lowerdata in lowerstack[], so the
lowerdata inode member can be removed.

Use accessors ovl_lowerdata*() to get the lowerdata whereever the member
was accessed directly.

Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: deduplicate lowerpath and lowerstack[]

The ovl_inode contains a copy of lowerpath in lowerstack[0], so the
lowerpath member can be removed.

Use accessor ovl_lowerpath() to get the lowerpath wh

ovl: deduplicate lowerpath and lowerstack[]

The ovl_inode contains a copy of lowerpath in lowerstack[0], so the
lowerpath member can be removed.

Use accessor ovl_lowerpath() to get the lowerpath whereever the member
was accessed directly.

Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

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ovl: move ovl_entry into ovl_inode

The lower stacks of all the ovl inode aliases should be identical
and there is redundant information in ovl_entry and ovl_inode.

Move lowerstack into ovl_inode an

ovl: move ovl_entry into ovl_inode

The lower stacks of all the ovl inode aliases should be identical
and there is redundant information in ovl_entry and ovl_inode.

Move lowerstack into ovl_inode and keep only the OVL_E_FLAGS
per overlay dentry.

Following patches will deduplicate redundant ovl_inode fields.

Note that for pure upper and negative dentries, OVL_E(dentry) may be
NULL now, so it is imporatnt to use the ovl_numlower() accessor.

Reviewed-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: factor out ovl_free_entry() and ovl_stack_*() helpers

In preparation for moving lowerstack into ovl_inode.

Note that in ovl_lookup() the temp stack dentry refs are now cloned
into the final ov

ovl: factor out ovl_free_entry() and ovl_stack_*() helpers

In preparation for moving lowerstack into ovl_inode.

Note that in ovl_lookup() the temp stack dentry refs are now cloned
into the final ovl_lowerstack instead of being transferred, so cleanup
always needs to call ovl_stack_free(stack).

Reviewed-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: use ovl_numlower() and ovl_lowerstack() accessors

This helps fortify against dereferencing a NULL ovl_entry,
before we move the ovl_entry reference into ovl_inode.

Reviewed-by: Alexander Larss

ovl: use ovl_numlower() and ovl_lowerstack() accessors

This helps fortify against dereferencing a NULL ovl_entry,
before we move the ovl_entry reference into ovl_inode.

Reviewed-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

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ovl: use OVL_E() and OVL_E_FLAGS() accessors

Instead of open coded instances, because we are about to split
the two apart.

Reviewed-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Gold

ovl: use OVL_E() and OVL_E_FLAGS() accessors

Instead of open coded instances, because we are about to split
the two apart.

Reviewed-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

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fs: port ->permission() to pass mnt_idmap

Convert to struct mnt_idmap.

Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
256c8aed2b42 ("fs: introduce dedicated idmap type for mounts").
This is j

fs: port ->permission() to pass mnt_idmap

Convert to struct mnt_idmap.

Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
256c8aed2b42 ("fs: introduce dedicated idmap type for mounts").
This is just the conversion to struct mnt_idmap.

Currently we still pass around the plain namespace that was attached to a
mount. This is in general pretty convenient but it makes it easy to
conflate namespaces that are relevant on the filesystem with namespaces
that are relevent on the mount level. Especially for non-vfs developers
without detailed knowledge in this area this can be a potential source for
bugs.

Once the conversion to struct mnt_idmap is done all helpers down to the
really low-level helpers will take a struct mnt_idmap argument instead of
two namespace arguments. This way it becomes impossible to conflate the two
eliminating the possibility of any bugs. All of the vfs and all filesystems
only operate on struct mnt_idmap.

Acked-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>

show more ...

fs: port vfs_*() helpers to struct mnt_idmap

Convert to struct mnt_idmap.

Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
256c8aed2b42 ("fs: introduce dedicated idmap type for mounts").
This i

fs: port vfs_*() helpers to struct mnt_idmap

Convert to struct mnt_idmap.

Last cycle we merged the necessary infrastructure in
256c8aed2b42 ("fs: introduce dedicated idmap type for mounts").
This is just the conversion to struct mnt_idmap.

Currently we still pass around the plain namespace that was attached to a
mount. This is in general pretty convenient but it makes it easy to
conflate namespaces that are relevant on the filesystem with namespaces
that are relevent on the mount level. Especially for non-vfs developers
without detailed knowledge in this area this can be a potential source for
bugs.

Once the conversion to struct mnt_idmap is done all helpers down to the
really low-level helpers will take a struct mnt_idmap argument instead of
two namespace arguments. This way it becomes impossible to conflate the two
eliminating the possibility of any bugs. All of the vfs and all filesystems
only operate on struct mnt_idmap.

Acked-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>

show more ...

ovl: support idmapped layers

Now that overlay is able to take a layers idmapping into account allow
overlay mounts to be created on top of idmapped mounts.

Cc: <linux-unionfs@vger.kernel.org>
Teste

ovl: support idmapped layers

Now that overlay is able to take a layers idmapping into account allow
overlay mounts to be created on top of idmapped mounts.

Cc: <linux-unionfs@vger.kernel.org>
Tested-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: store lower path in ovl_inode

Create some ovl_i_* helpers to get real path from ovl inode. Instead of
just stashing struct inode for the lower layer we stash struct path for
the lower layer. Th

ovl: store lower path in ovl_inode

Create some ovl_i_* helpers to get real path from ovl inode. Instead of
just stashing struct inode for the lower layer we stash struct path for
the lower layer. The helpers allow to retrieve a struct path for the
relevant upper or lower layer. This will be used when retrieving
information based on struct inode when copying up inode attributes from
upper or lower inodes to ovl inodes and when checking permissions in
ovl_permission() in following patches. This is needed to support
idmapped base layers with overlay.

Cc: <linux-unionfs@vger.kernel.org>
Tested-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: add ovl_upper_mnt_userns() wrapper

Add a tiny wrapper to retrieve the upper mount's idmapping. Have it
return the initial idmapping until we have prepared and converted all
places to take the r

ovl: add ovl_upper_mnt_userns() wrapper

Add a tiny wrapper to retrieve the upper mount's idmapping. Have it
return the initial idmapping until we have prepared and converted all
places to take the relevant idmapping into account. Then we can switch
on idmapped layer support by having ovl_upper_mnt_userns() return the
upper mount's idmapping.

Suggested-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

show more ...

ovl: implement volatile-specific fsync error behaviour

Overlayfs's volatile option allows the user to bypass all forced sync calls
to the upperdir filesystem. This comes at the cost of safety. We ca

ovl: implement volatile-specific fsync error behaviour

Overlayfs's volatile option allows the user to bypass all forced sync calls
to the upperdir filesystem. This comes at the cost of safety. We can never
ensure that the user's data is intact, but we can make a best effort to
expose whether or not the data is likely to be in a bad state.

The best way to handle this in the time being is that if an overlayfs's
upperdir experiences an error after a volatile mount occurs, that error
will be returned on fsync, fdatasync, sync, and syncfs. This is
contradictory to the traditional behaviour of VFS which fails the call
once, and only raises an error if a subsequent fsync error has occurred,
and been raised by the filesystem.

One awkward aspect of the patch is that we have to manually set the
superblock's errseq_t after the sync_fs callback as opposed to just
returning an error from syncfs. This is because the call chain looks
something like this:

sys_syncfs ->
sync_filesystem ->
__sync_filesystem ->
/* The return value is ignored here
sb->s_op->sync_fs(sb)
_sync_blockdev
/* Where the VFS fetches the error to raise to userspace */
errseq_check_and_advance

Because of this we call errseq_set every time the sync_fs callback occurs.
Due to the nature of this seen / unseen dichotomy, if the upperdir is an
inconsistent state at the initial mount time, overlayfs will refuse to
mount, as overlayfs cannot get a snapshot of the upperdir's errseq that
will increment on error until the user calls syncfs.

Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Suggested-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Fixes: c86243b090bc ("ovl: provide a mount option "volatile"")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

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