ext4: improve writepage credit estimate for files with indirect blocks

ext4_ind_trans_blocks() wrongly used 'chunk' argument to decide whether
blocks mapped are logically contiguous. Tha

ext4: improve writepage credit estimate for files with indirect blocks

ext4_ind_trans_blocks() wrongly used 'chunk' argument to decide whether
blocks mapped are logically contiguous. That is wrong since the argument
informs whether the blocks are physically contiguous. As the blocks
mapped are always logically contiguous and that's all
ext4_ind_trans_blocks() cares about, just remove the 'chunk' argument.

Reviewed-by: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: deprecate max_writeback_mb_bump sysfs attribute

This attribute is now unused so deprecate it. We still show the old
default value to keep some compatibility but we don't allow wri

ext4: deprecate max_writeback_mb_bump sysfs attribute

This attribute is now unused so deprecate it. We still show the old
default value to keep some compatibility but we don't allow writing to
that attribute anymore.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: use io_end for multiple bios

Change writeback path to create just one io_end structure for the
extent to which we submit IO and share it among bios writing that
extent. This pr

ext4: use io_end for multiple bios

Change writeback path to create just one io_end structure for the
extent to which we submit IO and share it among bios writing that
extent. This prevents needless splitting and joining of unwritten
extents when they cannot be submitted as a single bio.

Bugs in ENOMEM handling found by Linux File System Verification project
(linuxtesting.org) and fixed by Alexey Khoroshilov
<khoroshilov@ispras.ru>.

CC: Alexey Khoroshilov <khoroshilov@ispras.ru>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: remove unused discard_partial_page_buffers

The discard_partial_page_buffers is no longer used anywhere so we can
simply remove it including the *_no_lock variant and
EXT4_DISCA

ext4: remove unused discard_partial_page_buffers

The discard_partial_page_buffers is no longer used anywhere so we can
simply remove it including the *_no_lock variant and
EXT4_DISCARD_PARTIAL_PG_ZERO_UNMAPPED define.

Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: use ext4_zero_partial_blocks in punch_hole

We're doing to get rid of ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers() since it is
duplicating some code and also partially duplicating work of

ext4: use ext4_zero_partial_blocks in punch_hole

We're doing to get rid of ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers() since it is
duplicating some code and also partially duplicating work of
truncate_pagecache_range(), moreover the old implementation was much
clearer.

Now when the truncate_inode_pages_range() can handle truncating non page
aligned regions we can use this to invalidate and zero out block aligned
region of the punched out range and then use ext4_block_truncate_page()
to zero the unaligned blocks on the start and end of the range. This
will greatly simplify the punch hole code. Moreover after this commit we
can get rid of the ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers() completely.

We also introduce function ext4_prepare_punch_hole() to do come common
operations before we attempt to do the actual punch hole on
indirect or extent file which saves us some code duplication.

This has been tested on ppc64 with 1k block size with fsx and xfstests
without any problems.

Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

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Revert "ext4: remove no longer used functions in inode.c"

This reverts commit ccb4d7af914e0fe9b2f1022f8ea6c300463fd5e6.

This commit reintroduces functions ext4_block_truncate_page()

Revert "ext4: remove no longer used functions in inode.c"

This reverts commit ccb4d7af914e0fe9b2f1022f8ea6c300463fd5e6.

This commit reintroduces functions ext4_block_truncate_page() and
ext4_block_zero_page_range() which has been previously removed in favour
of ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers().

In future commits we want to reintroduce those function and remove
ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers() since it is duplicating some code
and also partially duplicating work of truncate_pagecache_range(),
moreover the old implementation was much clearer.

Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: revert "ext4: use io_end for multiple bios"

This reverts commit 4eec708d263f0ee10861d69251708a225b64cac7.

Multiple users have reported crashes which is apparently caused by

ext4: revert "ext4: use io_end for multiple bios"

This reverts commit 4eec708d263f0ee10861d69251708a225b64cac7.

Multiple users have reported crashes which is apparently caused by
this commit. Thanks to Dmitry Monakhov for bisecting it.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

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ext4: fix readdir error in the case of inline_data+dir_index

Zach reported a problem that if inline data is enabled, we don't
tell the difference between the offset of '.' and '..'. And

ext4: fix readdir error in the case of inline_data+dir_index

Zach reported a problem that if inline data is enabled, we don't
tell the difference between the offset of '.' and '..'. And a
getdents will fail if the user only want to get '.' and what's worse,
if there is a conversion happens when the user calls getdents
many times, he/she may get the same entry twice.

In theory, a dir block would also fail if it is converted to a
hashed-index based dir since f_pos will become a hash value, not the
real one, but it doesn't happen. And a deep investigation shows that
we uses a hash based solution even for a normal dir if the dir_index
feature is enabled.

So this patch just adds a new htree_inlinedir_to_tree for inline dir,
and if we find that the hash index is supported, we will do like what
we do for a dir block.

Reported-by: Zach Brown <zab@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: use io_end for multiple bios

Change writeback path to create just one io_end structure for the
extent to which we submit IO and share it among bios writing that
extent. This pr

ext4: use io_end for multiple bios

Change writeback path to create just one io_end structure for the
extent to which we submit IO and share it among bios writing that
extent. This prevents needless splitting and joining of unwritten
extents when they cannot be submitted as a single bio.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>

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ext4: make ext4_bio_write_page() use BH_Async_Write flags

So far ext4_bio_write_page() attached all the pages to ext4_io_end
structure. This makes that structure pretty heavy (1 KB for

ext4: make ext4_bio_write_page() use BH_Async_Write flags

So far ext4_bio_write_page() attached all the pages to ext4_io_end
structure. This makes that structure pretty heavy (1 KB for pointers
+ 16 bytes per page attached to the bio). Also later we would like to
share ext4_io_end structure among several bios in case IO to a single
extent needs to be split among several bios and pointing to pages from
ext4_io_end makes this complex.

We remove page pointers from ext4_io_end and use pointers from bio
itself instead. This isn't as easy when blocksize < pagesize because
then we can have several bios in flight for a single page and we have
to be careful when to call end_page_writeback(). However this is a
known problem already solved by block_write_full_page() /
end_buffer_async_write() so we mimic its behavior here. We mark
buffers going to disk with BH_Async_Write flag and in
ext4_bio_end_io() we check whether there are any buffers with
BH_Async_Write flag left. If there are not, we can call
end_page_writeback().

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>

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ext4: move ext4_ind_migrate() into migrate.c

Move ext4_ind_migrate() into migrate.c file since it makes much more
sense and ext4_ext_migrate() is there as well.

Also fix tiny st

ext4: move ext4_ind_migrate() into migrate.c

Move ext4_ind_migrate() into migrate.c file since it makes much more
sense and ext4_ext_migrate() is there as well.

Also fix tiny style problem - add spaces around "=" in "i=0".

Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: introduce reserved space

Currently in ENOSPC condition when writing into unwritten space, or
punching a hole, we might need to split the extent and grow extent tree.
However si

ext4: introduce reserved space

Currently in ENOSPC condition when writing into unwritten space, or
punching a hole, we might need to split the extent and grow extent tree.
However since we can not allocate any new metadata blocks we'll have to
zero out unwritten part of extent or punched out part of extent, or in
the worst case return ENOSPC even though use actually does not allocate
any space.

Also in delalloc path we do reserve metadata and data blocks for the
time we're going to write out, however metadata block reservation is
very tricky especially since we expect that logical connectivity implies
physical connectivity, however that might not be the case and hence we
might end up allocating more metadata blocks than previously reserved.
So in future, metadata reservation checks should be removed since we can
not assure that we do not under reserve.

And this is where reserved space comes into the picture. When mounting
the file system we slice off a little bit of the file system space (2%
or 4096 clusters, whichever is smaller) which can be then used for the
cases mentioned above to prevent costly zeroout, or unexpected ENOSPC.

The number of reserved clusters can be set via sysfs, however it can
never be bigger than number of free clusters in the file system.

Note that this patch fixes the failure of xfstest 274 as expected.

Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>

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ext4: implementation of a new ioctl called EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT

Add a new ioctl, EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT which swaps i_blocks and
associated attributes (like i_blocks, i_size, i_flags, ...) fro

ext4: implementation of a new ioctl called EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT

Add a new ioctl, EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT which swaps i_blocks and
associated attributes (like i_blocks, i_size, i_flags, ...) from the
specified inode with inode EXT4_BOOT_LOADER_INO (#5). This is
typically used to store a boot loader in a secure part of the
filesystem, where it can't be changed by a normal user by accident.
The data blocks of the previous boot loader will be associated with
the given inode.

This usercode program is a simple example of the usage:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd;
int err;

if ( argc != 2 ) {
printf("usage: ext4-swap-boot-inode FILE-TO-SWAP\n");
exit(1);
}

fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY);
if ( fd < 0 ) {
perror("open");
exit(1);
}

err = ioctl(fd, EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT);
if ( err < 0 ) {
perror("ioctl");
exit(1);
}

close(fd);
exit(0);
}

[ Modified by Theodore Ts'o to fix a number of bugs in the original code.]

Signed-off-by: Dr. Tilmann Bubeck <t.bubeck@reinform.de>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: introduce ext4_get_group_number()

Currently on many places in ext4 we're using
ext4_get_group_no_and_offset() even though we're only interested in
knowing the block group of th

ext4: introduce ext4_get_group_number()

Currently on many places in ext4 we're using
ext4_get_group_no_and_offset() even though we're only interested in
knowing the block group of the particular block, not the offset within
the block group so we can use more efficient way to compute block
group.

This patch introduces ext4_get_group_number() which computes block
group for a given block much more efficiently. Use this function
instead of ext4_get_group_no_and_offset() everywhere where we're only
interested in knowing the block group.

Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: make ext4_block_in_group() much more efficient

Currently in when getting the block group number for a particular
block in ext4_block_in_group() we're using
ext4_get_group_no_an

ext4: make ext4_block_in_group() much more efficient

Currently in when getting the block group number for a particular
block in ext4_block_in_group() we're using
ext4_get_group_no_and_offset() which uses do_div() to get the block
group and the remainer which is offset within the group.

We don't need all of that in ext4_block_in_group() as we only need to
figure out the group number.

This commit changes ext4_block_in_group() to calculate group number
directly. This shows as a big improvement with regards to cpu
utilization. Measuring fallocate -l 15T on fresh file system with perf
showed that 23% of cpu time was spend in the
ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(). With this change it completely
disappears from the list only bumping the occurrence of
ext4_init_block_bitmap() which is the biggest user of
ext4_block_in_group() by 4%. As the result of this change on my system
the fallocate call was approx. 10% faster.

However since there is '-g' option in mkfs which allow us setting
different groups size (mostly for developers) I've introduced new per
file system flag whether we have a standard block group size or
not. The flag is used to determine whether we can use the bit shift
optimization or not.

Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: support simple conversion of extent-mapped inodes to use i_blocks

In order to make it simpler to test the code which support
i_blocks/indirect-mapped inodes, support the conversion

ext4: support simple conversion of extent-mapped inodes to use i_blocks

In order to make it simpler to test the code which support
i_blocks/indirect-mapped inodes, support the conversion of inodes
which are less than 12 blocks and which are contained in no more than
a single extent.

The primary intended use of this code is to converting freshly created
zero-length files and empty directories.

Note that the version of chattr in e2fsprogs 1.42.7 and earlier has a
check that prevents the clearing of the extent flag. A simple patch
which allows "chattr -e <file>" to work will be checked into the
e2fsprogs git repository.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: refactor truncate code

Move common code in ext4_ind_truncate() and ext4_ext_truncate() into
ext4_truncate(). This saves over 60 lines of code.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts

ext4: refactor truncate code

Move common code in ext4_ind_truncate() and ext4_ext_truncate() into
ext4_truncate(). This saves over 60 lines of code.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: refactor punch hole code

Move common code in ext4_ind_punch_hole() and ext4_ext_punch_hole()
into ext4_punch_hole(). This saves over 150 lines of code.

This also fixes a

ext4: refactor punch hole code

Move common code in ext4_ind_punch_hole() and ext4_ext_punch_hole()
into ext4_punch_hole(). This saves over 150 lines of code.

This also fixes a potential bug when the punch_hole() code is racing
against indirect-to-extents or extents-to-indirect migation. We are
currently using i_mutex to protect against changes to the inode flag;
specifically, the append-only, immutable, and extents inode flags. So
we need to take i_mutex before deciding whether to use the
extents-specific or indirect-specific punch_hole code.

Also, there was a missing call to ext4_inode_block_unlocked_dio() in
the indirect punch codepath. This was added in commit 02d262dffcf4c
to block DIO readers racing against the punch operation in the
codepath for extent-mapped inodes, but it was missing for
indirect-block mapped inodes. One of the advantages of refactoring
the code is that it makes such oversights much less likely.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: collapse handling of data=ordered and data=writeback codepaths

The only difference between how we handle data=ordered and
data=writeback is a single call to ext4_jbd2_file_inode().

ext4: collapse handling of data=ordered and data=writeback codepaths

The only difference between how we handle data=ordered and
data=writeback is a single call to ext4_jbd2_file_inode(). Eliminate
code duplication by factoring out redundant the code paths.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>

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ext4: fix ext4_evict_inode() racing against workqueue processing code

Commit 84c17543ab56 (ext4: move work from io_end to inode) triggered a
regression when running xfstest #270 when the

ext4: fix ext4_evict_inode() racing against workqueue processing code

Commit 84c17543ab56 (ext4: move work from io_end to inode) triggered a
regression when running xfstest #270 when the file system is mounted
with dioread_nolock.

The problem is that after ext4_evict_inode() calls ext4_ioend_wait(),
this guarantees that last io_end structure has been freed, but it does
not guarantee that the workqueue structure, which was moved into the
inode by commit 84c17543ab56, is actually finished. Once
ext4_flush_completed_IO() calls ext4_free_io_end() on CPU #1, this
will allow ext4_ioend_wait() to return on CPU #2, at which point the
evict_inode() codepath can race against the workqueue code on CPU #1
accessing EXT4_I(inode)->i_unwritten_work to find the next item of
work to do.

Fix this by calling cancel_work_sync() in ext4_ioend_wait(), which
will be renamed ext4_ioend_shutdown(), since it is only used by
ext4_evict_inode(). Also, move the call to ext4_ioend_shutdown()
until after truncate_inode_pages() and filemap_write_and_wait() are
called, to make sure all dirty pages have been written back and
flushed from the page cache first.

BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null)
IP: [<c01dda6a>] cwq_activate_delayed_work+0x3b/0x7e
*pdpt = 0000000030bc3001 *pde = 0000000000000000
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
Modules linked in:
Pid: 6, comm: kworker/u:0 Not tainted 3.8.0-rc3-00013-g84c1754-dirty #91 Bochs Bochs
EIP: 0060:[<c01dda6a>] EFLAGS: 00010046 CPU: 0
EIP is at cwq_activate_delayed_work+0x3b/0x7e
EAX: 00000000 EBX: 00000000 ECX: f505fe54 EDX: 00000000
ESI: ed5b697c EDI: 00000006 EBP: f64b7e8c ESP: f64b7e84
DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0000 SS: 0068
CR0: 8005003b CR2: 00000000 CR3: 30bc2000 CR4: 000006f0
DR0: 00000000 DR1: 00000000 DR2: 00000000 DR3: 00000000
DR6: ffff0ff0 DR7: 00000400
Process kworker/u:0 (pid: 6, ti=f64b6000 task=f64b4160 task.ti=f64b6000)
Stack:
f505fe00 00000006 f64b7e9c c01de3d7 f6435540 00000003 f64b7efc c01def1d
f6435540 00000002 00000000 0000008a c16d0808 c040a10b c16d07d8 c16d08b0
f505fe00 c16d0780 00000000 00000000 ee153df4 c1ce4a30 c17d0e30 00000000
Call Trace:
[<c01de3d7>] cwq_dec_nr_in_flight+0x71/0xfb
[<c01def1d>] process_one_work+0x5d8/0x637
[<c040a10b>] ? ext4_end_bio+0x300/0x300
[<c01e3105>] worker_thread+0x249/0x3ef
[<c01ea317>] kthread+0xd8/0xeb
[<c01e2ebc>] ? manage_workers+0x4bb/0x4bb
[<c023a370>] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0x27/0x37
[<c0f1b4b7>] ret_from_kernel_thread+0x1b/0x28
[<c01ea23f>] ? __init_kthread_worker+0x71/0x71
Code: 01 83 15 ac ff 6c c1 00 31 db 89 c6 8b 00 a8 04 74 12 89 c3 30 db 83 05 b0 ff 6c c1 01 83 15 b4 ff 6c c1 00 89 f0 e8 42 ff ff ff <8b> 13 89 f0 83 05 b8 ff 6c c1
6c c1 00 31 c9 83
EIP: [<c01dda6a>] cwq_activate_delayed_work+0x3b/0x7e SS:ESP 0068:f64b7e84
CR2: 0000000000000000
---[ end trace a1923229da53d8a4 ]---

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

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ext4: use atomic64_t for the per-flexbg free_clusters count

A user who was using a 8TB+ file system and with a very large flexbg
size (> 65536) could cause the atomic_t used in the struc

ext4: use atomic64_t for the per-flexbg free_clusters count

A user who was using a 8TB+ file system and with a very large flexbg
size (> 65536) could cause the atomic_t used in the struct flex_groups
to overflow. This was detected by PaX security patchset:

http://forums.grsecurity.net/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3289&p=12551#p12551

This bug was introduced in commit 9f24e4208f7e, so it's been around
since 2.6.30. :-(

Fix this by using an atomic64_t for struct orlav_stats's
free_clusters.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

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ext4: use percpu counter for extent cache count

Use a percpu counter rather than atomic types for shrinker accounting.
There's no need for ultimate accuracy in the shrinker, so this

ext4: use percpu counter for extent cache count

Use a percpu counter rather than atomic types for shrinker accounting.
There's no need for ultimate accuracy in the shrinker, so this
should come a little more cheaply. The percpu struct is somewhat
large, but there was a big gap before the cache-aligned
s_es_lru_lock anyway, and it fits nicely in there.

Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

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ext4: optimize ext4_es_shrink()

When the system is under memory pressure, ext4_es_srhink() will get
called very often. So optimize returning the number of items in the
file system's

ext4: optimize ext4_es_shrink()

When the system is under memory pressure, ext4_es_srhink() will get
called very often. So optimize returning the number of items in the
file system's extent status cache by keeping a per-filesystem count,
instead of calculating it each time by scanning all of the inodes in
the extent status cache.

Also rename the slab used for the extent status cache to be
"ext4_extent_status" so it's obviousl the slab in question is created
by ext4.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Zheng Liu <gnehzuil.liu@gmail.com>

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ext4: reclaim extents from extent status tree

Although extent status is loaded on-demand, we also need to reclaim
extent from the tree when we are under a heavy memory pressure because

ext4: reclaim extents from extent status tree

Although extent status is loaded on-demand, we also need to reclaim
extent from the tree when we are under a heavy memory pressure because
in some cases fragmented extent tree causes status tree costs too much
memory.

Here we maintain a lru list in super_block. When the extent status of
an inode is accessed and changed, this inode will be move to the tail
of the list. The inode will be dropped from this list when it is
cleared. In the inode, a counter is added to count the number of
cached objects in extent status tree. Here only written/unwritten/hole
extent is counted because delayed extent doesn't be reclaimed due to
fiemap, bigalloc and seek_data/hole need it. The counter will be
increased as a new extent is allocated, and it will be decreased as a
extent is freed.

In this commit we use normal shrinker framework to reclaim memory from
the status tree. ext4_es_reclaim_extents_count() traverses the lru list
to count the number of reclaimable extents. ext4_es_shrink() tries to
reclaim written/unwritten/hole extents from extent status tree. The
inode that has been shrunk is moved to the tail of lru list.

Signed-off-by: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jan kara <jack@suse.cz>

show more ...

ext4: remove single extent cache

Single extent cache could be removed because we have extent status tree
as a extent cache, and it would be better.

Signed-off-by: Zheng Liu <wen

ext4: remove single extent cache

Single extent cache could be removed because we have extent status tree
as a extent cache, and it would be better.

Signed-off-by: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jan kara <jack@suse.cz>

show more ...