xref: /openbmc/u-boot/tools/mkimage.c (revision 3788b451) 
1 /*
2  * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
3  *
4  * (C) Copyright 2000-2009
5  * DENX Software Engineering
6  * Wolfgang Denk, wd@denx.de
7  *
8  * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
9  */
10 
11 #include "mkimage.h"
12 #include "imximage.h"
13 #include <image.h>
14 #include <version.h>
15 
16 static void copy_file(int, const char *, int);
17 
18 /* parameters initialized by core will be used by the image type code */
19 static struct image_tool_params params = {
20 	.os = IH_OS_LINUX,
21 	.arch = IH_ARCH_PPC,
22 	.type = IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
23 	.comp = IH_COMP_GZIP,
24 	.dtc = MKIMAGE_DEFAULT_DTC_OPTIONS,
25 	.imagename = "",
26 	.imagename2 = "",
27 };
28 
29 static enum ih_category cur_category;
30 
31 static int h_compare_category_name(const void *vtype1, const void *vtype2)
32 {
33 	const int *type1 = vtype1;
34 	const int *type2 = vtype2;
35 	const char *name1 = genimg_get_cat_short_name(cur_category, *type1);
36 	const char *name2 = genimg_get_cat_short_name(cur_category, *type2);
37 
38 	return strcmp(name1, name2);
39 }
40 
41 static int show_valid_options(enum ih_category category)
42 {
43 	int *order;
44 	int count;
45 	int item;
46 	int i;
47 
48 	count = genimg_get_cat_count(category);
49 	order = calloc(count, sizeof(*order));
50 	if (!order)
51 		return -ENOMEM;
52 
53 	/* Sort the names in order of short name for easier reading */
54 	for (item = 0; item < count; item++)
55 		order[item] = item;
56 	cur_category = category;
57 	qsort(order, count, sizeof(int), h_compare_category_name);
58 
59 	fprintf(stderr, "\nInvalid %s, supported are:\n",
60 		genimg_get_cat_desc(category));
61 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
62 		item = order[i];
63 		fprintf(stderr, "\t%-15s  %s\n",
64 			genimg_get_cat_short_name(category, item),
65 			genimg_get_cat_name(category, item));
66 	}
67 	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
68 	free(order);
69 
70 	return 0;
71 }
72 
73 static void usage(const char *msg)
74 {
75 	fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", msg);
76 	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s -l image\n"
77 			 "          -l ==> list image header information\n",
78 		params.cmdname);
79 	fprintf(stderr,
80 		"       %s [-x] -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image\n"
81 		"          -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'\n"
82 		"          -O ==> set operating system to 'os'\n"
83 		"          -T ==> set image type to 'type'\n"
84 		"          -C ==> set compression type 'comp'\n"
85 		"          -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)\n"
86 		"          -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)\n"
87 		"          -n ==> set image name to 'name'\n"
88 		"          -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'\n"
89 		"          -x ==> set XIP (execute in place)\n",
90 		params.cmdname);
91 	fprintf(stderr,
92 		"       %s [-D dtc_options] [-f fit-image.its|-f auto|-F] [-b <dtb> [-b <dtb>]] [-i <ramdisk.cpio.gz>] fit-image\n"
93 		"           <dtb> file is used with -f auto, it may occur multiple times.\n",
94 		params.cmdname);
95 	fprintf(stderr,
96 		"          -D => set all options for device tree compiler\n"
97 		"          -f => input filename for FIT source\n"
98 		"          -i => input filename for ramdisk file\n");
99 #ifdef CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE
100 	fprintf(stderr,
101 		"Signing / verified boot options: [-E] [-k keydir] [-K dtb] [ -c <comment>] [-p addr] [-r] [-N engine]\n"
102 		"          -E => place data outside of the FIT structure\n"
103 		"          -k => set directory containing private keys\n"
104 		"          -K => write public keys to this .dtb file\n"
105 		"          -c => add comment in signature node\n"
106 		"          -F => re-sign existing FIT image\n"
107 		"          -p => place external data at a static position\n"
108 		"          -r => mark keys used as 'required' in dtb\n"
109 		"          -N => engine to use for signing (pkcs11)\n");
110 #else
111 	fprintf(stderr,
112 		"Signing / verified boot not supported (CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE undefined)\n");
113 #endif
114 	fprintf(stderr, "       %s -V ==> print version information and exit\n",
115 		params.cmdname);
116 	fprintf(stderr, "Use -T to see a list of available image types\n");
117 
118 	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
119 }
120 
121 static int add_content(int type, const char *fname)
122 {
123 	struct content_info *cont;
124 
125 	cont = calloc(1, sizeof(*cont));
126 	if (!cont)
127 		return -1;
128 	cont->type = type;
129 	cont->fname = fname;
130 	if (params.content_tail)
131 		params.content_tail->next = cont;
132 	else
133 		params.content_head = cont;
134 	params.content_tail = cont;
135 
136 	return 0;
137 }
138 
139 static void process_args(int argc, char **argv)
140 {
141 	char *ptr;
142 	int type = IH_TYPE_INVALID;
143 	char *datafile = NULL;
144 	int opt;
145 
146 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv,
147 			     "a:A:b:c:C:d:D:e:Ef:Fk:i:K:ln:N:p:O:rR:qsT:vVx")) != -1) {
148 		switch (opt) {
149 		case 'a':
150 			params.addr = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
151 			if (*ptr) {
152 				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid load address %s\n",
153 					params.cmdname, optarg);
154 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
155 			}
156 			break;
157 		case 'A':
158 			params.arch = genimg_get_arch_id(optarg);
159 			if (params.arch < 0) {
160 				show_valid_options(IH_ARCH);
161 				usage("Invalid architecture");
162 			}
163 			break;
164 		case 'b':
165 			if (add_content(IH_TYPE_FLATDT, optarg)) {
166 				fprintf(stderr,
167 					"%s: Out of memory adding content '%s'",
168 					params.cmdname, optarg);
169 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
170 			}
171 			break;
172 		case 'c':
173 			params.comment = optarg;
174 			break;
175 		case 'C':
176 			params.comp = genimg_get_comp_id(optarg);
177 			if (params.comp < 0) {
178 				show_valid_options(IH_COMP);
179 				usage("Invalid compression type");
180 			}
181 			break;
182 		case 'd':
183 			params.datafile = optarg;
184 			params.dflag = 1;
185 			break;
186 		case 'D':
187 			params.dtc = optarg;
188 			break;
189 		case 'e':
190 			params.ep = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
191 			if (*ptr) {
192 				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid entry point %s\n",
193 					params.cmdname, optarg);
194 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
195 			}
196 			params.eflag = 1;
197 			break;
198 		case 'E':
199 			params.external_data = true;
200 			break;
201 		case 'f':
202 			datafile = optarg;
203 			params.auto_its = !strcmp(datafile, "auto");
204 			/* no break */
205 		case 'F':
206 			/*
207 			 * The flattened image tree (FIT) format
208 			 * requires a flattened device tree image type
209 			 */
210 			params.type = IH_TYPE_FLATDT;
211 			params.fflag = 1;
212 			break;
213 		case 'i':
214 			params.fit_ramdisk = optarg;
215 			break;
216 		case 'k':
217 			params.keydir = optarg;
218 			break;
219 		case 'K':
220 			params.keydest = optarg;
221 			break;
222 		case 'l':
223 			params.lflag = 1;
224 			break;
225 		case 'n':
226 			params.imagename = optarg;
227 			break;
228 		case 'N':
229 			params.engine_id = optarg;
230 			break;
231 		case 'O':
232 			params.os = genimg_get_os_id(optarg);
233 			if (params.os < 0) {
234 				show_valid_options(IH_OS);
235 				usage("Invalid operating system");
236 			}
237 			break;
238 		case 'p':
239 			params.external_offset = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
240 			if (*ptr) {
241 				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid offset size %s\n",
242 					params.cmdname, optarg);
243 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
244 			}
245 			break;
246 		case 'q':
247 			params.quiet = 1;
248 			break;
249 		case 'r':
250 			params.require_keys = 1;
251 			break;
252 		case 'R':
253 			/*
254 			 * This entry is for the second configuration
255 			 * file, if only one is not enough.
256 			 */
257 			params.imagename2 = optarg;
258 			break;
259 		case 's':
260 			params.skipcpy = 1;
261 			break;
262 		case 'T':
263 			type = genimg_get_type_id(optarg);
264 			if (type < 0) {
265 				show_valid_options(IH_TYPE);
266 				usage("Invalid image type");
267 			}
268 			break;
269 		case 'v':
270 			params.vflag++;
271 			break;
272 		case 'V':
273 			printf("mkimage version %s\n", PLAIN_VERSION);
274 			exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
275 		case 'x':
276 			params.xflag++;
277 			break;
278 		default:
279 			usage("Invalid option");
280 		}
281 	}
282 
283 	/* The last parameter is expected to be the imagefile */
284 	if (optind < argc)
285 		params.imagefile = argv[optind];
286 
287 	/*
288 	 * For auto-generated FIT images we need to know the image type to put
289 	 * in the FIT, which is separate from the file's image type (which
290 	 * will always be IH_TYPE_FLATDT in this case).
291 	 */
292 	if (params.type == IH_TYPE_FLATDT) {
293 		params.fit_image_type = type ? type : IH_TYPE_KERNEL;
294 		/* For auto_its, datafile is always 'auto' */
295 		if (!params.auto_its)
296 			params.datafile = datafile;
297 		else if (!params.datafile)
298 			usage("Missing data file for auto-FIT (use -d)");
299 	} else if (type != IH_TYPE_INVALID) {
300 		params.type = type;
301 	}
302 
303 	if (!params.imagefile)
304 		usage("Missing output filename");
305 }
306 
307 int main(int argc, char **argv)
308 {
309 	int ifd = -1;
310 	struct stat sbuf;
311 	char *ptr;
312 	int retval = 0;
313 	struct image_type_params *tparams = NULL;
314 	int pad_len = 0;
315 	int dfd;
316 
317 	params.cmdname = *argv;
318 	params.addr = 0;
319 	params.ep = 0;
320 
321 	process_args(argc, argv);
322 
323 	/* set tparams as per input type_id */
324 	tparams = imagetool_get_type(params.type);
325 	if (tparams == NULL) {
326 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: unsupported type %s\n",
327 			params.cmdname, genimg_get_type_name(params.type));
328 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
329 	}
330 
331 	/*
332 	 * check the passed arguments parameters meets the requirements
333 	 * as per image type to be generated/listed
334 	 */
335 	if (tparams->check_params)
336 		if (tparams->check_params (&params))
337 			usage("Bad parameters for image type");
338 
339 	if (!params.eflag) {
340 		params.ep = params.addr;
341 		/* If XIP, entry point must be after the U-Boot header */
342 		if (params.xflag)
343 			params.ep += tparams->header_size;
344 	}
345 
346 	if (params.fflag){
347 		if (tparams->fflag_handle)
348 			/*
349 			 * in some cases, some additional processing needs
350 			 * to be done if fflag is defined
351 			 *
352 			 * For ex. fit_handle_file for Fit file support
353 			 */
354 			retval = tparams->fflag_handle(&params);
355 
356 		if (retval != EXIT_SUCCESS)
357 			exit (retval);
358 	}
359 
360 	if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
361 		ifd = open (params.imagefile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
362 	} else {
363 		ifd = open (params.imagefile,
364 			O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0666);
365 	}
366 
367 	if (ifd < 0) {
368 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
369 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
370 			strerror(errno));
371 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
372 	}
373 
374 	if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
375 		/*
376 		 * list header information of existing image
377 		 */
378 		if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
379 			fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
380 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
381 				strerror(errno));
382 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
383 		}
384 
385 		if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
386 			fprintf (stderr,
387 				"%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is not valid image\n",
388 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile);
389 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
390 		}
391 
392 		ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
393 		if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
394 			fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
395 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
396 				strerror(errno));
397 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
398 		}
399 
400 		/*
401 		 * scan through mkimage registry for all supported image types
402 		 * and verify the input image file header for match
403 		 * Print the image information for matched image type
404 		 * Returns the error code if not matched
405 		 */
406 		retval = imagetool_verify_print_header(ptr, &sbuf,
407 				tparams, &params);
408 
409 		(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
410 		(void) close (ifd);
411 
412 		exit (retval);
413 	}
414 
415 	if ((params.type != IH_TYPE_MULTI) && (params.type != IH_TYPE_SCRIPT)) {
416 		dfd = open(params.datafile, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
417 		if (dfd < 0) {
418 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
419 				params.cmdname, params.datafile,
420 				strerror(errno));
421 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
422 		}
423 
424 		if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
425 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
426 				params.cmdname, params.datafile,
427 				strerror(errno));
428 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
429 		}
430 
431 		params.file_size = sbuf.st_size + tparams->header_size;
432 		close(dfd);
433 	}
434 
435 	/*
436 	 * In case there an header with a variable
437 	 * length will be added, the corresponding
438 	 * function is called. This is responsible to
439 	 * allocate memory for the header itself.
440 	 */
441 	if (tparams->vrec_header)
442 		pad_len = tparams->vrec_header(&params, tparams);
443 	else
444 		memset(tparams->hdr, 0, tparams->header_size);
445 
446 	if (write(ifd, tparams->hdr, tparams->header_size)
447 					!= tparams->header_size) {
448 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
449 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
450 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
451 	}
452 
453 	if (!params.skipcpy) {
454 		if (params.type == IH_TYPE_MULTI ||
455 		    params.type == IH_TYPE_SCRIPT) {
456 			char *file = params.datafile;
457 			uint32_t size;
458 
459 			for (;;) {
460 				char *sep = NULL;
461 
462 				if (file) {
463 					if ((sep = strchr(file, ':')) != NULL) {
464 						*sep = '\0';
465 					}
466 
467 					if (stat (file, &sbuf) < 0) {
468 						fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
469 							 params.cmdname, file, strerror(errno));
470 						exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
471 					}
472 					size = cpu_to_uimage (sbuf.st_size);
473 				} else {
474 					size = 0;
475 				}
476 
477 				if (write(ifd, (char *)&size, sizeof(size)) != sizeof(size)) {
478 					fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
479 						 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
480 						 strerror(errno));
481 					exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
482 				}
483 
484 				if (!file) {
485 					break;
486 				}
487 
488 				if (sep) {
489 					*sep = ':';
490 					file = sep + 1;
491 				} else {
492 					file = NULL;
493 				}
494 			}
495 
496 			file = params.datafile;
497 
498 			for (;;) {
499 				char *sep = strchr(file, ':');
500 				if (sep) {
501 					*sep = '\0';
502 					copy_file (ifd, file, 1);
503 					*sep++ = ':';
504 					file = sep;
505 				} else {
506 					copy_file (ifd, file, 0);
507 					break;
508 				}
509 			}
510 		} else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_PBLIMAGE) {
511 			/* PBL has special Image format, implements its' own */
512 			pbl_load_uboot(ifd, &params);
513 		} else {
514 			copy_file(ifd, params.datafile, pad_len);
515 		}
516 		if (params.type == IH_TYPE_FIRMWARE_IVT) {
517 			/* Add alignment and IVT */
518 			uint32_t aligned_filesize = (params.file_size + 0x1000
519 					- 1) & ~(0x1000 - 1);
520 			flash_header_v2_t ivt_header = { { 0xd1, 0x2000, 0x40 },
521 					params.addr, 0, 0, 0, params.addr
522 							+ aligned_filesize
523 							- tparams->header_size,
524 					params.addr + aligned_filesize
525 							- tparams->header_size
526 							+ 0x20, 0 };
527 			int i = params.file_size;
528 			for (; i < aligned_filesize; i++) {
529 				if (write(ifd, (char *) &i, 1) != 1) {
530 					fprintf(stderr,
531 							"%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
532 							params.cmdname,
533 							params.imagefile,
534 							strerror(errno));
535 					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
536 				}
537 			}
538 			if (write(ifd, &ivt_header, sizeof(flash_header_v2_t))
539 					!= sizeof(flash_header_v2_t)) {
540 				fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
541 						params.cmdname,
542 						params.imagefile,
543 						strerror(errno));
544 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
545 			}
546 		}
547 	}
548 
549 	/* We're a bit of paranoid */
550 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
551    !defined(__sun__) && \
552    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
553    !defined(__OpenBSD__) && \
554    !defined(__APPLE__)
555 	(void) fdatasync (ifd);
556 #else
557 	(void) fsync (ifd);
558 #endif
559 
560 	if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
561 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
562 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
563 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
564 	}
565 	params.file_size = sbuf.st_size;
566 
567 	ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
568 	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
569 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't map %s: %s\n",
570 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
571 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
572 	}
573 
574 	/* Setup the image header as per input image type*/
575 	if (tparams->set_header)
576 		tparams->set_header (ptr, &sbuf, ifd, &params);
577 	else {
578 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't set header for %s: %s\n",
579 			params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
580 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
581 	}
582 
583 	/* Print the image information by processing image header */
584 	if (tparams->print_header)
585 		tparams->print_header (ptr);
586 	else {
587 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't print header for %s: %s\n",
588 			params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
589 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
590 	}
591 
592 	(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
593 
594 	/* We're a bit of paranoid */
595 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
596    !defined(__sun__) && \
597    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
598    !defined(__OpenBSD__) && \
599    !defined(__APPLE__)
600 	(void) fdatasync (ifd);
601 #else
602 	(void) fsync (ifd);
603 #endif
604 
605 	if (close(ifd)) {
606 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
607 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
608 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
609 	}
610 
611 	exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
612 }
613 
614 static void
615 copy_file (int ifd, const char *datafile, int pad)
616 {
617 	int dfd;
618 	struct stat sbuf;
619 	unsigned char *ptr;
620 	int tail;
621 	int zero = 0;
622 	uint8_t zeros[4096];
623 	int offset = 0;
624 	int size;
625 	struct image_type_params *tparams = imagetool_get_type(params.type);
626 
627 	memset(zeros, 0, sizeof(zeros));
628 
629 	if (params.vflag) {
630 		fprintf (stderr, "Adding Image %s\n", datafile);
631 	}
632 
633 	if ((dfd = open(datafile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
634 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
635 			params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
636 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
637 	}
638 
639 	if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
640 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
641 			params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
642 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
643 	}
644 
645 	ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, dfd, 0);
646 	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
647 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
648 			params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
649 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
650 	}
651 
652 	if (params.xflag) {
653 		unsigned char *p = NULL;
654 		/*
655 		 * XIP: do not append the image_header_t at the
656 		 * beginning of the file, but consume the space
657 		 * reserved for it.
658 		 */
659 
660 		if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
661 			fprintf (stderr,
662 				"%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is too small for XIP\n",
663 				params.cmdname, datafile);
664 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
665 		}
666 
667 		for (p = ptr; p < ptr + tparams->header_size; p++) {
668 			if ( *p != 0xff ) {
669 				fprintf (stderr,
670 					"%s: Bad file: \"%s\" has invalid buffer for XIP\n",
671 					params.cmdname, datafile);
672 				exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
673 			}
674 		}
675 
676 		offset = tparams->header_size;
677 	}
678 
679 	size = sbuf.st_size - offset;
680 	if (write(ifd, ptr + offset, size) != size) {
681 		fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
682 			params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
683 		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
684 	}
685 
686 	tail = size % 4;
687 	if ((pad == 1) && (tail != 0)) {
688 
689 		if (write(ifd, (char *)&zero, 4-tail) != 4-tail) {
690 			fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
691 				params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
692 				strerror(errno));
693 			exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
694 		}
695 	} else if (pad > 1) {
696 		while (pad > 0) {
697 			int todo = sizeof(zeros);
698 
699 			if (todo > pad)
700 				todo = pad;
701 			if (write(ifd, (char *)&zeros, todo) != todo) {
702 				fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
703 					params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
704 					strerror(errno));
705 				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
706 			}
707 			pad -= todo;
708 		}
709 	}
710 
711 	(void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
712 	(void) close (dfd);
713 }
714