u-boot/doc/README.rockchip

# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
#
# Copyright (C) 2015 Google. Inc
# Written by Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>

U-Boot on Rockchip
==================

There are several repositories available with versions of U-Boot that support
many Rockchip devices [1] [2].

The current mainline support is experimental only and is not useful for
anything. It should provide a base on which to build.

So far only support for the RK3288 and RK3036 is provided.


Prerequisites
=============

You will need:

   - Firefly RK3288 board or something else with a supported RockChip SoC
   - Power connection to 5V using the supplied micro-USB power cable
   - Separate USB serial cable attached to your computer and the Firefly
        (connect to the micro-USB connector below the logo)
   - rkflashtool [3]
   - openssl (sudo apt-get install openssl)
   - Serial UART connection [4]
   - Suitable ARM cross compiler, e.g.:
        sudo apt-get install gcc-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabi


Building
========

At present nine RK3288 boards are supported:

   - EVB RK3288 - use evb-rk3288 configuration
   - Fennec RK3288 - use fennec-rk3288 configuration
   - Firefly RK3288 - use firefly-rk3288 configuration
   - Hisense Chromebook - use chromebook_jerry configuration
   - MiQi RK3288 - use miqi-rk3288 configuration
   - phyCORE-RK3288 RDK - use phycore-rk3288 configuration
   - PopMetal RK3288 - use popmetal-rk3288 configuration
   - Radxa Rock 2 - use rock2 configuration
   - Tinker RK3288 - use tinker-rk3288 configuration

Two RK3036 board are supported:

   - EVB RK3036 - use evb-rk3036 configuration
   - Kylin - use kylin_rk3036 configuration

For example:

   CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- make O=firefly firefly-rk3288_defconfig all

(or you can use another cross compiler if you prefer)


Writing to the board with USB
=============================

For USB to work you must get your board into ROM boot mode, either by erasing
your MMC or (perhaps) holding the recovery button when you boot the board.
To erase your MMC, you can boot into Linux and type (as root)

   dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1M

Connect your board's OTG port to your computer.

To create a suitable image and write it to the board:

   ./firefly-rk3288/tools/mkimage -n rk3288 -T rkimage -d \
	./firefly-rk3288/spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.bin out && \
   cat out | openssl rc4 -K 7c4e0304550509072d2c7b38170d1711 | rkflashtool l

If all goes well you should something like:

   U-Boot SPL 2015.07-rc1-00383-ge345740-dirty (Jun 03 2015 - 10:06:49)
   Card did not respond to voltage select!
   spl: mmc init failed with error: -17
   ### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###

You will need to reset the board before each time you try. Yes, that's all
it does so far. If support for the Rockchip USB protocol or DFU were added
in SPL then we could in principle load U-Boot and boot to a prompt from USB
as several other platforms do. However it does not seem to be possible to
use the existing boot ROM code from SPL.


Booting from an SD card
=======================

To write an image that boots from an SD card (assumed to be /dev/sdc):

   ./firefly-rk3288/tools/mkimage -n rk3288 -T rksd -d \
	firefly-rk3288/spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.bin out && \
   sudo dd if=out of=/dev/sdc seek=64 && \
   sudo dd if=firefly-rk3288/u-boot-dtb.img of=/dev/sdc seek=16384

This puts the Rockchip header and SPL image first and then places the U-Boot
image at block 16384 (i.e. 8MB from the start of the SD card). This
corresponds with this setting in U-Boot:

   #define CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_U_BOOT_SECTOR	0x4000

Put this SD (or micro-SD) card into your board and reset it. You should see
something like:

   U-Boot 2016.01-rc2-00309-ge5bad3b-dirty (Jan 02 2016 - 23:41:59 -0700)

   Model: Radxa Rock 2 Square
   DRAM:  2 GiB
   MMC:   dwmmc@ff0f0000: 0, dwmmc@ff0c0000: 1
   *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

   In:    serial
   Out:   vop@ff940000.vidconsole
   Err:   serial
   Net:   Net Initialization Skipped
   No ethernet found.
   Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
   =>

The rockchip bootrom can load and boot an initial spl, then continue to
load a second-stage bootloader (ie. U-Boot) as soon as the control is returned
to the bootrom. Both the RK3288 and the RK3036 use this special boot sequence.
The configuration option enabling this is:

	CONFIG_SPL_ROCKCHIP_BACK_TO_BROM=y

You can create the image via the following operations:

   ./firefly-rk3288/tools/mkimage -n rk3288 -T rksd -d \
	firefly-rk3288/spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.bin out && \
   cat firefly-rk3288/u-boot-dtb.bin >> out && \
   sudo dd if=out of=/dev/sdc seek=64

If you have an HDMI cable attached you should see a video console.

For evb_rk3036 board:
	./evb-rk3036/tools/mkimage -n rk3036 -T rksd  -d evb-rk3036/spl/u-boot-spl.bin out && \
	cat evb-rk3036/u-boot-dtb.bin >> out && \
	sudo dd if=out of=/dev/sdc seek=64

Note: rk3036 SDMMC and debug uart use the same iomux, so if you boot from SD, the
      debug uart must be disabled


Booting from an SD card on RK3288 with TPL
==========================================

Since the size of SPL can't be exceeded 0x8000 bytes in RK3288, it is not possible add
new SPL features like Falcon mode or etc.

So introduce TPL so-that adding new features to SPL is possible because now TPL should
run minimal with code like DDR, clock etc and rest of new features in SPL.

As of now TPL is added on Vyasa-RK3288 board.

To write an image that boots from an SD card (assumed to be /dev/mmcblk0):

   ./tools/mkimage -n rk3288 -T rksd -d ./tpl/u-boot-tpl.bin out &&
    cat ./spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.bin >> out &&
    sudo dd if=out of=/dev/mmcblk0 seek=64 &&
    sudo dd if=u-boot-dtb.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 seek=16384

Booting from an SD card on RK3188
=================================

For rk3188 boards the general storage onto the card stays the same as
described above, but the image creation needs a bit more care.

The bootrom of rk3188 expects to find a small 1kb loader which returns
control to the bootrom, after which it will load the real loader, which
can then be up to 29kb in size and does the regular ddr init.  This is
handled by a single image (built as the SPL stage) that tests whether
it is handled for the first or second time via code executed from the
boot0-hook.

Additionally the rk3188 requires everything the bootrom loads to be
rc4-encrypted. Except for the very first stage the bootrom always reads
and decodes 2kb pages, so files should be sized accordingly.

# copy tpl, pad to 1020 bytes and append spl
tools/mkimage -n rk3188 -T rksd -d spl/u-boot-spl.bin out

# truncate, encode and append u-boot.bin
truncate -s %2048 u-boot.bin
cat u-boot.bin | split -b 512 --filter='openssl rc4 -K 7C4E0304550509072D2C7B38170D1711' >> out


Using fastboot on rk3288
========================
- Write GPT partition layout to mmc device which fastboot want to use it to
store the image

        => gpt write mmc 1 $partitions

- Invoke fastboot command to prepare

        => fastboot 1

- Start fastboot request on PC

        fastboot -i 0x2207 flash loader evb-rk3288/spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.bin

You should see something like:

        => fastboot 1
        WARNING: unknown variable: partition-type:loader
        Starting download of 357796 bytes
        ..
        downloading of 357796 bytes finished
        Flashing Raw Image
        ........ wrote 357888 bytes to 'loader'

Booting from SPI
================

To write an image that boots from SPI flash (e.g. for the Haier Chromebook):

   ./chromebook_jerry/tools/mkimage -n rk3288 -T rkspi \
	-d chromebook_jerry/spl/u-boot-spl-dtb.bin spl.bin && \
   dd if=spl.bin of=spl-out.bin bs=128K conv=sync && \
   cat spl-out.bin chromebook_jerry/u-boot-dtb.img >out.bin && \
   dd if=out.bin of=out.bin.pad bs=4M conv=sync

This converts the SPL image to the required SPI format by adding the Rockchip
header and skipping every 2KB block. Then the U-Boot image is written at
offset 128KB and the whole image is padded to 4MB which is the SPI flash size.
The position of U-Boot is controlled with this setting in U-Boot:

   #define CONFIG_SYS_SPI_U_BOOT_OFFS	(128 << 10)

If you have a Dediprog em100pro connected then you can write the image with:

      sudo em100 -s -c GD25LQ32 -d out.bin.pad -r

When booting you should see something like:

   U-Boot SPL 2015.07-rc2-00215-g9a58220-dirty (Jun 23 2015 - 12:11:32)


   U-Boot 2015.07-rc2-00215-g9a58220-dirty (Jun 23 2015 - 12:11:32 -0600)

   Model: Google Jerry
   DRAM:  2 GiB
   MMC:
   Using default environment

   In:    serial@ff690000
   Out:   serial@ff690000
   Err:   serial@ff690000
   =>

Future work
===========

Immediate priorities are:

- USB host
- USB device
- Run CPU at full speed (code exists but we only see ~60 DMIPS maximum)
- NAND flash
- Support for other Rockchip parts
- Boot U-Boot proper over USB OTG (at present only SPL works)


Development Notes
=================

There are plenty of patches in the links below to help with this work.

[1] https://github.com/rkchrome/uboot.git
[2] https://github.com/linux-rockchip/u-boot-rockchip.git branch u-boot-rk3288
[3] https://github.com/linux-rockchip/rkflashtool.git
[4] http://wiki.t-firefly.com/index.php/Firefly-RK3288/Serial_debug/en

rkimage
-------

rkimage.c produces an SPL image suitable for sending directly to the boot ROM
over USB OTG. This is a very simple format - just the string RK32 (as 4 bytes)
followed by u-boot-spl-dtb.bin.

The boot ROM loads image to 0xff704000 which is in the internal SRAM. The SRAM
starts at 0xff700000 and extends to 0xff718000 where we put the stack.

rksd
----

rksd.c produces an image consisting of 32KB of empty space, a header and
u-boot-spl-dtb.bin. The header is defined by 'struct header0_info' although
most of the fields are unused by U-Boot. We just need to specify the
signature, a flag and the block offset and size of the SPL image.

The header occupies a single block but we pad it out to 4 blocks. The header
is encoding using RC4 with the key 7c4e0304550509072d2c7b38170d1711. The SPL
image can be encoded too but we don't do that.

The maximum size of u-boot-spl-dtb.bin which the boot ROM will read is 32KB,
or 0x40 blocks. This is a severe and annoying limitation. There may be a way
around this limitation, since there is plenty of SRAM, but at present the
board refuses to boot if this limit is exceeded.

The image produced is padded up to a block boundary (512 bytes). It should be
written to the start of an SD card using dd.

Since this image is set to load U-Boot from the SD card at block offset,
CONFIG_SYS_MMCSD_RAW_MODE_U_BOOT_SECTOR, dd should be used to write
u-boot-dtb.img to the SD card at that offset. See above for instructions.

rkspi
-----

rkspi.c produces an image consisting of a header and u-boot-spl-dtb.bin. The
resulting image is then spread out so that only the first 2KB of each 4KB
sector is used. The header is the same as with rksd and the maximum size is
also 32KB (before spreading). The image should be written to the start of
SPI flash.

See above for instructions on how to write a SPI image.

rkmux.py
--------

You can use this script to create #defines for SoC register access. See the
script for usage.


Device tree and driver model
----------------------------

Where possible driver model is used to provide a structure to the
functionality. Device tree is used for configuration. However these have an
overhead and in SPL with a 32KB size limit some shortcuts have been taken.
In general all Rockchip drivers should use these features, with SPL-specific
modifications where required.

GPT partition layout
----------------------------

Rockchip use a unified GPT partition layout  in open source support.
With this GPT partition layout, uboot can be compatilbe with other components,
like miniloader, trusted-os, arm-trust-firmware.

There are some documents about partitions in the links below.
http://rockchip.wikidot.com/partitions

--
Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
24 June 2015