xref: /openbmc/u-boot/doc/README.nand (revision 8e6f1a8e)
1NAND FLASH commands and notes
2
3# (C) Copyright 2003
4# Dave Ellis, SIXNET, dge@sixnetio.com
5#
6# See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
7# project.
8#
9# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
10# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
11# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
12# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
13#
14# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
15# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
17# GNU General Public License for more details.
18#
19# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
20# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
21# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
22# MA 02111-1307 USA
23
24Commands:
25
26   nand bad
27      Print a list of all of the bad blocks in the current device.
28
29   nand device
30      Print information about the current NAND device.
31
32   nand device num
33      Make device `num' the current device and print information about it.
34
35   nand erase off size
36   nand erase clean [off size]
37      Erase `size' bytes starting at offset `off'.  Only complete erase
38      blocks can be erased.
39
40      If `clean' is specified, a JFFS2-style clean marker is written to
41      each block after it is erased. If `clean' is specified without an
42      offset or size, the entire flash is erased.
43
44      This command will not erase blocks that are marked bad. There is
45      a debug option in cmd_nand.c to allow bad blocks to be erased.
46      Please read the warning there before using it, as blocks marked
47      bad by the manufacturer must _NEVER_ be erased.
48
49   nand info
50      Print information about all of the NAND devices found.
51
52   nand read addr ofs size
53      Read `size' bytes from `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. If a page
54      cannot be read because it is marked bad or an uncorrectable data
55      error is found the command stops with an error.
56
57   nand read.jffs2 addr ofs size
58      Like `read', but the data for blocks that are marked bad is read as
59      0xff. This gives a readable JFFS2 image that can be processed by
60      the JFFS2 commands such as ls and fsload.
61
62   nand read.oob addr ofs size
63      Read `size' bytes from the out-of-band data area corresponding to
64      `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. This is limited to the 16 bytes of
65      data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
66      for bad blocks or ECC errors.
67
68   nand write addr ofs size
69      Write `size' bytes from `addr' to `ofs' in NAND flash. If a page
70      cannot be written because it is marked bad or the write fails the
71      command stops with an error.
72
73   nand write.jffs2 addr ofs size
74      Like `write', but blocks that are marked bad are skipped and the
75      is written to the next block instead. This allows writing writing
76      a JFFS2 image, as long as the image is short enough to fit even
77      after skipping the bad blocks. Compact images, such as those
78      produced by mkfs.jffs2 should work well, but loading an image copied
79      from another flash is going to be trouble if there are any bad blocks.
80
81   nand write.oob addr ofs size
82      Write `size' bytes from `addr' to the out-of-band data area
83      corresponding to `ofs' in NAND flash. This is limited to the 16 bytes
84      of data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
85      for bad blocks.
86
87Configuration Options:
88
89   CFG_CMD_NAND
90      A good one to add to CONFIG_COMMANDS since it enables NAND support.
91
92   CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_JFFS2
93      Define this if you want the Error Correction Code information in
94      the out-of-band data to be formatted to match the JFFS2 file system.
95      CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_YAFFS would be another useful choice for
96      someone to implement.
97
98   CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE
99      The maximum number of NAND devices you want to support.
100
101NAND Interface:
102
103   #define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand)
104      Wait until the NAND flash is ready. Typically this would be a
105      loop waiting for the READY/BUSY line from the flash to indicate it
106      it is ready.
107
108   #define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr)
109      Write the command byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
110      CLE (command latch enable) line true. If your board uses writes to
111      different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
112      to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
113      to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_SETCLE()
114      and company do it.
115
116   #define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr)
117      Write the address byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
118      ALE (address latch enable) line true. If your board uses writes to
119      different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
120      to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
121      to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_SETALE()
122      and company do it.
123
124   #define WRITE_NAND(d, adr)
125      Write the data byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
126      ALE and CLE lines false. If your board uses writes to
127      different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
128      to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
129      to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_CLRALE()
130      and company do it.
131
132   #define READ_NAND(adr)
133      Read a data byte from the flash at `adr' with the
134      ALE and CLE lines false. If your board uses reads from
135      different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
136      to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
137      to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_CLRALE()
138      and company do it.
139
140   #define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand)
141      Set CE (Chip Enable) low to enable the NAND flash.
142
143   #define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand)
144      Set CE (Chip Enable) high to disable the NAND flash.
145
146   #define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)
147      Set ALE (address latch enable) low. If ALE control is handled by
148      WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.
149
150   #define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)
151      Set ALE (address latch enable) high. If ALE control is handled by
152      WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.
153
154   #define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)
155      Set CLE (command latch enable) low. If CLE control is handled by
156      WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.
157
158   #define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)
159      Set CLE (command latch enable) high. If CLE control is handled by
160      WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.
161
162More Definitions:
163
164   These definitions are needed in the board configuration for now, but
165   may really belong in a header file.
166   TODO: Figure which ones are truly configuration settings and rename
167	 them to CFG_NAND_... and move the rest somewhere appropriate.
168
169   #define SECTORSIZE 512
170   #define ADDR_COLUMN 1
171   #define ADDR_PAGE 2
172   #define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 3
173   #define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00
174   #define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1
175   #define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1
176