tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py

from __future__ import print_function
# Common utilities and Python wrappers for qemu-iotests
#
# Copyright (C) 2012 IBM Corp.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#

import errno
import os
import re
import subprocess
import string
import unittest
import sys
import struct
import json
import signal
import logging
import atexit
import io
from collections import OrderedDict

sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..', 'python'))
from qemu import qtest


# This will not work if arguments contain spaces but is necessary if we
# want to support the override options that ./check supports.
qemu_img_args = [os.environ.get('QEMU_IMG_PROG', 'qemu-img')]
if os.environ.get('QEMU_IMG_OPTIONS'):
    qemu_img_args += os.environ['QEMU_IMG_OPTIONS'].strip().split(' ')

qemu_io_args = [os.environ.get('QEMU_IO_PROG', 'qemu-io')]
if os.environ.get('QEMU_IO_OPTIONS'):
    qemu_io_args += os.environ['QEMU_IO_OPTIONS'].strip().split(' ')

qemu_nbd_args = [os.environ.get('QEMU_NBD_PROG', 'qemu-nbd')]
if os.environ.get('QEMU_NBD_OPTIONS'):
    qemu_nbd_args += os.environ['QEMU_NBD_OPTIONS'].strip().split(' ')

qemu_prog = os.environ.get('QEMU_PROG', 'qemu')
qemu_opts = os.environ.get('QEMU_OPTIONS', '').strip().split(' ')

imgfmt = os.environ.get('IMGFMT', 'raw')
imgproto = os.environ.get('IMGPROTO', 'file')
test_dir = os.environ.get('TEST_DIR')
output_dir = os.environ.get('OUTPUT_DIR', '.')
cachemode = os.environ.get('CACHEMODE')
qemu_default_machine = os.environ.get('QEMU_DEFAULT_MACHINE')

socket_scm_helper = os.environ.get('SOCKET_SCM_HELPER', 'socket_scm_helper')
debug = False

luks_default_secret_object = 'secret,id=keysec0,data=' + \
                             os.environ.get('IMGKEYSECRET', '')
luks_default_key_secret_opt = 'key-secret=keysec0'


def qemu_img(*args):
    '''Run qemu-img and return the exit code'''
    devnull = open('/dev/null', 'r+')
    exitcode = subprocess.call(qemu_img_args + list(args), stdin=devnull, stdout=devnull)
    if exitcode < 0:
        sys.stderr.write('qemu-img received signal %i: %s\n' % (-exitcode, ' '.join(qemu_img_args + list(args))))
    return exitcode

def ordered_qmp(qmsg, conv_keys=True):
    # Dictionaries are not ordered prior to 3.6, therefore:
    if isinstance(qmsg, list):
        return [ordered_qmp(atom) for atom in qmsg]
    if isinstance(qmsg, dict):
        od = OrderedDict()
        for k, v in sorted(qmsg.items()):
            if conv_keys:
                k = k.replace('_', '-')
            od[k] = ordered_qmp(v, conv_keys=False)
        return od
    return qmsg

def qemu_img_create(*args):
    args = list(args)

    # default luks support
    if '-f' in args and args[args.index('-f') + 1] == 'luks':
        if '-o' in args:
            i = args.index('-o')
            if 'key-secret' not in args[i + 1]:
                args[i + 1].append(luks_default_key_secret_opt)
                args.insert(i + 2, '--object')
                args.insert(i + 3, luks_default_secret_object)
        else:
            args = ['-o', luks_default_key_secret_opt,
                    '--object', luks_default_secret_object] + args

    args.insert(0, 'create')

    return qemu_img(*args)

def qemu_img_verbose(*args):
    '''Run qemu-img without suppressing its output and return the exit code'''
    exitcode = subprocess.call(qemu_img_args + list(args))
    if exitcode < 0:
        sys.stderr.write('qemu-img received signal %i: %s\n' % (-exitcode, ' '.join(qemu_img_args + list(args))))
    return exitcode

def qemu_img_pipe(*args):
    '''Run qemu-img and return its output'''
    subp = subprocess.Popen(qemu_img_args + list(args),
                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                            universal_newlines=True)
    exitcode = subp.wait()
    if exitcode < 0:
        sys.stderr.write('qemu-img received signal %i: %s\n' % (-exitcode, ' '.join(qemu_img_args + list(args))))
    return subp.communicate()[0]

def img_info_log(filename, filter_path=None, imgopts=False, extra_args=[]):
    args = [ 'info' ]
    if imgopts:
        args.append('--image-opts')
    else:
        args += [ '-f', imgfmt ]
    args += extra_args
    args.append(filename)

    output = qemu_img_pipe(*args)
    if not filter_path:
        filter_path = filename
    log(filter_img_info(output, filter_path))

def qemu_io(*args):
    '''Run qemu-io and return the stdout data'''
    args = qemu_io_args + list(args)
    subp = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                            universal_newlines=True)
    exitcode = subp.wait()
    if exitcode < 0:
        sys.stderr.write('qemu-io received signal %i: %s\n' % (-exitcode, ' '.join(args)))
    return subp.communicate()[0]

def qemu_io_silent(*args):
    '''Run qemu-io and return the exit code, suppressing stdout'''
    args = qemu_io_args + list(args)
    exitcode = subprocess.call(args, stdout=open('/dev/null', 'w'))
    if exitcode < 0:
        sys.stderr.write('qemu-io received signal %i: %s\n' %
                         (-exitcode, ' '.join(args)))
    return exitcode


class QemuIoInteractive:
    def __init__(self, *args):
        self.args = qemu_io_args + list(args)
        self._p = subprocess.Popen(self.args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                   stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                   stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                                   universal_newlines=True)
        assert self._p.stdout.read(9) == 'qemu-io> '

    def close(self):
        self._p.communicate('q\n')

    def _read_output(self):
        pattern = 'qemu-io> '
        n = len(pattern)
        pos = 0
        s = []
        while pos != n:
            c = self._p.stdout.read(1)
            # check unexpected EOF
            assert c != ''
            s.append(c)
            if c == pattern[pos]:
                pos += 1
            else:
                pos = 0

        return ''.join(s[:-n])

    def cmd(self, cmd):
        # quit command is in close(), '\n' is added automatically
        assert '\n' not in cmd
        cmd = cmd.strip()
        assert cmd != 'q' and cmd != 'quit'
        self._p.stdin.write(cmd + '\n')
        self._p.stdin.flush()
        return self._read_output()


def qemu_nbd(*args):
    '''Run qemu-nbd in daemon mode and return the parent's exit code'''
    return subprocess.call(qemu_nbd_args + ['--fork'] + list(args))

def qemu_nbd_pipe(*args):
    '''Run qemu-nbd in daemon mode and return both the parent's exit code
       and its output'''
    subp = subprocess.Popen(qemu_nbd_args + ['--fork'] + list(args),
                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                            universal_newlines=True)
    exitcode = subp.wait()
    if exitcode < 0:
        sys.stderr.write('qemu-nbd received signal %i: %s\n' %
                         (-exitcode,
                          ' '.join(qemu_nbd_args + ['--fork'] + list(args))))
    return exitcode, subp.communicate()[0]

def compare_images(img1, img2, fmt1=imgfmt, fmt2=imgfmt):
    '''Return True if two image files are identical'''
    return qemu_img('compare', '-f', fmt1,
                    '-F', fmt2, img1, img2) == 0

def create_image(name, size):
    '''Create a fully-allocated raw image with sector markers'''
    file = open(name, 'wb')
    i = 0
    while i < size:
        sector = struct.pack('>l504xl', i // 512, i // 512)
        file.write(sector)
        i = i + 512
    file.close()

def image_size(img):
    '''Return image's virtual size'''
    r = qemu_img_pipe('info', '--output=json', '-f', imgfmt, img)
    return json.loads(r)['virtual-size']

def is_str(val):
    if sys.version_info.major >= 3:
        return isinstance(val, str)
    else:
        return isinstance(val, str) or isinstance(val, unicode)

test_dir_re = re.compile(r"%s" % test_dir)
def filter_test_dir(msg):
    return test_dir_re.sub("TEST_DIR", msg)

win32_re = re.compile(r"\r")
def filter_win32(msg):
    return win32_re.sub("", msg)

qemu_io_re = re.compile(r"[0-9]* ops; [0-9\/:. sec]* \([0-9\/.inf]* [EPTGMKiBbytes]*\/sec and [0-9\/.inf]* ops\/sec\)")
def filter_qemu_io(msg):
    msg = filter_win32(msg)
    return qemu_io_re.sub("X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)", msg)

chown_re = re.compile(r"chown [0-9]+:[0-9]+")
def filter_chown(msg):
    return chown_re.sub("chown UID:GID", msg)

def filter_qmp_event(event):
    '''Filter a QMP event dict'''
    event = dict(event)
    if 'timestamp' in event:
        event['timestamp']['seconds'] = 'SECS'
        event['timestamp']['microseconds'] = 'USECS'
    return event

def filter_qmp(qmsg, filter_fn):
    '''Given a string filter, filter a QMP object's values.
    filter_fn takes a (key, value) pair.'''
    # Iterate through either lists or dicts;
    if isinstance(qmsg, list):
        items = enumerate(qmsg)
    else:
        items = qmsg.items()

    for k, v in items:
        if isinstance(v, list) or isinstance(v, dict):
            qmsg[k] = filter_qmp(v, filter_fn)
        else:
            qmsg[k] = filter_fn(k, v)
    return qmsg

def filter_testfiles(msg):
    prefix = os.path.join(test_dir, "%s-" % (os.getpid()))
    return msg.replace(prefix, 'TEST_DIR/PID-')

def filter_qmp_testfiles(qmsg):
    def _filter(key, value):
        if is_str(value):
            return filter_testfiles(value)
        return value
    return filter_qmp(qmsg, _filter)

def filter_generated_node_ids(msg):
    return re.sub("#block[0-9]+", "NODE_NAME", msg)

def filter_img_info(output, filename):
    lines = []
    for line in output.split('\n'):
        if 'disk size' in line or 'actual-size' in line:
            continue
        line = line.replace(filename, 'TEST_IMG') \
                   .replace(imgfmt, 'IMGFMT')
        line = re.sub('iters: [0-9]+', 'iters: XXX', line)
        line = re.sub('uuid: [-a-f0-9]+', 'uuid: XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX', line)
        line = re.sub('cid: [0-9]+', 'cid: XXXXXXXXXX', line)
        lines.append(line)
    return '\n'.join(lines)

def filter_imgfmt(msg):
    return msg.replace(imgfmt, 'IMGFMT')

def filter_qmp_imgfmt(qmsg):
    def _filter(key, value):
        if is_str(value):
            return filter_imgfmt(value)
        return value
    return filter_qmp(qmsg, _filter)

def log(msg, filters=[], indent=None):
    '''Logs either a string message or a JSON serializable message (like QMP).
    If indent is provided, JSON serializable messages are pretty-printed.'''
    for flt in filters:
        msg = flt(msg)
    if isinstance(msg, dict) or isinstance(msg, list):
        # Python < 3.4 needs to know not to add whitespace when pretty-printing:
        separators = (', ', ': ') if indent is None else (',', ': ')
        # Don't sort if it's already sorted
        do_sort = not isinstance(msg, OrderedDict)
        print(json.dumps(msg, sort_keys=do_sort,
                         indent=indent, separators=separators))
    else:
        print(msg)

class Timeout:
    def __init__(self, seconds, errmsg = "Timeout"):
        self.seconds = seconds
        self.errmsg = errmsg
    def __enter__(self):
        signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, self.timeout)
        signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL, self.seconds)
        return self
    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_REAL, 0)
        return False
    def timeout(self, signum, frame):
        raise Exception(self.errmsg)


class FilePath(object):
    '''An auto-generated filename that cleans itself up.

    Use this context manager to generate filenames and ensure that the file
    gets deleted::

        with TestFilePath('test.img') as img_path:
            qemu_img('create', img_path, '1G')
        # migration_sock_path is automatically deleted
    '''
    def __init__(self, name):
        filename = '{0}-{1}'.format(os.getpid(), name)
        self.path = os.path.join(test_dir, filename)

    def __enter__(self):
        return self.path

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        try:
            os.remove(self.path)
        except OSError:
            pass
        return False


def file_path_remover():
    for path in reversed(file_path_remover.paths):
        try:
            os.remove(path)
        except OSError:
            pass


def file_path(*names):
    ''' Another way to get auto-generated filename that cleans itself up.

    Use is as simple as:

    img_a, img_b = file_path('a.img', 'b.img')
    sock = file_path('socket')
    '''

    if not hasattr(file_path_remover, 'paths'):
        file_path_remover.paths = []
        atexit.register(file_path_remover)

    paths = []
    for name in names:
        filename = '{0}-{1}'.format(os.getpid(), name)
        path = os.path.join(test_dir, filename)
        file_path_remover.paths.append(path)
        paths.append(path)

    return paths[0] if len(paths) == 1 else paths

def remote_filename(path):
    if imgproto == 'file':
        return path
    elif imgproto == 'ssh':
        return "ssh://%s@127.0.0.1:22%s" % (os.environ.get('USER'), path)
    else:
        raise Exception("Protocol %s not supported" % (imgproto))

class VM(qtest.QEMUQtestMachine):
    '''A QEMU VM'''

    def __init__(self, path_suffix=''):
        name = "qemu%s-%d" % (path_suffix, os.getpid())
        super(VM, self).__init__(qemu_prog, qemu_opts, name=name,
                                 test_dir=test_dir,
                                 socket_scm_helper=socket_scm_helper)
        self._num_drives = 0

    def add_object(self, opts):
        self._args.append('-object')
        self._args.append(opts)
        return self

    def add_device(self, opts):
        self._args.append('-device')
        self._args.append(opts)
        return self

    def add_drive_raw(self, opts):
        self._args.append('-drive')
        self._args.append(opts)
        return self

    def add_drive(self, path, opts='', interface='virtio', format=imgfmt):
        '''Add a virtio-blk drive to the VM'''
        options = ['if=%s' % interface,
                   'id=drive%d' % self._num_drives]

        if path is not None:
            options.append('file=%s' % path)
            options.append('format=%s' % format)
            options.append('cache=%s' % cachemode)

        if opts:
            options.append(opts)

        if format == 'luks' and 'key-secret' not in opts:
            # default luks support
            if luks_default_secret_object not in self._args:
                self.add_object(luks_default_secret_object)

            options.append(luks_default_key_secret_opt)

        self._args.append('-drive')
        self._args.append(','.join(options))
        self._num_drives += 1
        return self

    def add_blockdev(self, opts):
        self._args.append('-blockdev')
        if isinstance(opts, str):
            self._args.append(opts)
        else:
            self._args.append(','.join(opts))
        return self

    def add_incoming(self, addr):
        self._args.append('-incoming')
        self._args.append(addr)
        return self

    def pause_drive(self, drive, event=None):
        '''Pause drive r/w operations'''
        if not event:
            self.pause_drive(drive, "read_aio")
            self.pause_drive(drive, "write_aio")
            return
        self.qmp('human-monitor-command',
                    command_line='qemu-io %s "break %s bp_%s"' % (drive, event, drive))

    def resume_drive(self, drive):
        self.qmp('human-monitor-command',
                    command_line='qemu-io %s "remove_break bp_%s"' % (drive, drive))

    def hmp_qemu_io(self, drive, cmd):
        '''Write to a given drive using an HMP command'''
        return self.qmp('human-monitor-command',
                        command_line='qemu-io %s "%s"' % (drive, cmd))

    def flatten_qmp_object(self, obj, output=None, basestr=''):
        if output is None:
            output = dict()
        if isinstance(obj, list):
            for i in range(len(obj)):
                self.flatten_qmp_object(obj[i], output, basestr + str(i) + '.')
        elif isinstance(obj, dict):
            for key in obj:
                self.flatten_qmp_object(obj[key], output, basestr + key + '.')
        else:
            output[basestr[:-1]] = obj # Strip trailing '.'
        return output

    def qmp_to_opts(self, obj):
        obj = self.flatten_qmp_object(obj)
        output_list = list()
        for key in obj:
            output_list += [key + '=' + obj[key]]
        return ','.join(output_list)

    def get_qmp_events_filtered(self, wait=True):
        result = []
        for ev in self.get_qmp_events(wait=wait):
            result.append(filter_qmp_event(ev))
        return result

    def qmp_log(self, cmd, filters=[], indent=None, **kwargs):
        full_cmd = OrderedDict((
            ("execute", cmd),
            ("arguments", ordered_qmp(kwargs))
        ))
        log(full_cmd, filters, indent=indent)
        result = self.qmp(cmd, **kwargs)
        log(result, filters, indent=indent)
        return result

    # Returns None on success, and an error string on failure
    def run_job(self, job, auto_finalize=True, auto_dismiss=False):
        error = None
        while True:
            for ev in self.get_qmp_events_filtered(wait=True):
                if ev['event'] == 'JOB_STATUS_CHANGE':
                    status = ev['data']['status']
                    if status == 'aborting':
                        result = self.qmp('query-jobs')
                        for j in result['return']:
                            if j['id'] == job:
                                error = j['error']
                                log('Job failed: %s' % (j['error']))
                    elif status == 'pending' and not auto_finalize:
                        self.qmp_log('job-finalize', id=job)
                    elif status == 'concluded' and not auto_dismiss:
                        self.qmp_log('job-dismiss', id=job)
                    elif status == 'null':
                        return error
                else:
                    log(ev)

    def node_info(self, node_name):
        nodes = self.qmp('query-named-block-nodes')
        for x in nodes['return']:
            if x['node-name'] == node_name:
                return x
        return None


index_re = re.compile(r'([^\[]+)\[([^\]]+)\]')

class QMPTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    '''Abstract base class for QMP test cases'''

    def dictpath(self, d, path):
        '''Traverse a path in a nested dict'''
        for component in path.split('/'):
            m = index_re.match(component)
            if m:
                component, idx = m.groups()
                idx = int(idx)

            if not isinstance(d, dict) or component not in d:
                self.fail('failed path traversal for "%s" in "%s"' % (path, str(d)))
            d = d[component]

            if m:
                if not isinstance(d, list):
                    self.fail('path component "%s" in "%s" is not a list in "%s"' % (component, path, str(d)))
                try:
                    d = d[idx]
                except IndexError:
                    self.fail('invalid index "%s" in path "%s" in "%s"' % (idx, path, str(d)))
        return d

    def assert_qmp_absent(self, d, path):
        try:
            result = self.dictpath(d, path)
        except AssertionError:
            return
        self.fail('path "%s" has value "%s"' % (path, str(result)))

    def assert_qmp(self, d, path, value):
        '''Assert that the value for a specific path in a QMP dict
           matches.  When given a list of values, assert that any of
           them matches.'''

        result = self.dictpath(d, path)

        # [] makes no sense as a list of valid values, so treat it as
        # an actual single value.
        if isinstance(value, list) and value != []:
            for v in value:
                if result == v:
                    return
            self.fail('no match for "%s" in %s' % (str(result), str(value)))
        else:
            self.assertEqual(result, value,
                             'values not equal "%s" and "%s"'
                                 % (str(result), str(value)))

    def assert_no_active_block_jobs(self):
        result = self.vm.qmp('query-block-jobs')
        self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', [])

    def assert_has_block_node(self, node_name=None, file_name=None):
        """Issue a query-named-block-nodes and assert node_name and/or
        file_name is present in the result"""
        def check_equal_or_none(a, b):
            return a == None or b == None or a == b
        assert node_name or file_name
        result = self.vm.qmp('query-named-block-nodes')
        for x in result["return"]:
            if check_equal_or_none(x.get("node-name"), node_name) and \
                    check_equal_or_none(x.get("file"), file_name):
                return
        self.assertTrue(False, "Cannot find %s %s in result:\n%s" % \
                (node_name, file_name, result))

    def assert_json_filename_equal(self, json_filename, reference):
        '''Asserts that the given filename is a json: filename and that its
           content is equal to the given reference object'''
        self.assertEqual(json_filename[:5], 'json:')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.flatten_qmp_object(json.loads(json_filename[5:])),
                         self.vm.flatten_qmp_object(reference))

    def cancel_and_wait(self, drive='drive0', force=False, resume=False):
        '''Cancel a block job and wait for it to finish, returning the event'''
        result = self.vm.qmp('block-job-cancel', device=drive, force=force)
        self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {})

        if resume:
            self.vm.resume_drive(drive)

        cancelled = False
        result = None
        while not cancelled:
            for event in self.vm.get_qmp_events(wait=True):
                if event['event'] == 'BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED' or \
                   event['event'] == 'BLOCK_JOB_CANCELLED':
                    self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/device', drive)
                    result = event
                    cancelled = True
                elif event['event'] == 'JOB_STATUS_CHANGE':
                    self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/id', drive)


        self.assert_no_active_block_jobs()
        return result

    def wait_until_completed(self, drive='drive0', check_offset=True):
        '''Wait for a block job to finish, returning the event'''
        while True:
            for event in self.vm.get_qmp_events(wait=True):
                if event['event'] == 'BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED':
                    self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/device', drive)
                    self.assert_qmp_absent(event, 'data/error')
                    if check_offset:
                        self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/offset', event['data']['len'])
                    self.assert_no_active_block_jobs()
                    return event
                elif event['event'] == 'JOB_STATUS_CHANGE':
                    self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/id', drive)

    def wait_ready(self, drive='drive0'):
        '''Wait until a block job BLOCK_JOB_READY event'''
        f = {'data': {'type': 'mirror', 'device': drive } }
        event = self.vm.event_wait(name='BLOCK_JOB_READY', match=f)

    def wait_ready_and_cancel(self, drive='drive0'):
        self.wait_ready(drive=drive)
        event = self.cancel_and_wait(drive=drive)
        self.assertEqual(event['event'], 'BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED')
        self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/type', 'mirror')
        self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/offset', event['data']['len'])

    def complete_and_wait(self, drive='drive0', wait_ready=True):
        '''Complete a block job and wait for it to finish'''
        if wait_ready:
            self.wait_ready(drive=drive)

        result = self.vm.qmp('block-job-complete', device=drive)
        self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {})

        event = self.wait_until_completed(drive=drive)
        self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/type', 'mirror')

    def pause_wait(self, job_id='job0'):
        with Timeout(1, "Timeout waiting for job to pause"):
            while True:
                result = self.vm.qmp('query-block-jobs')
                found = False
                for job in result['return']:
                    if job['device'] == job_id:
                        found = True
                        if job['paused'] == True and job['busy'] == False:
                            return job
                        break
                assert found

    def pause_job(self, job_id='job0', wait=True):
        result = self.vm.qmp('block-job-pause', device=job_id)
        self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {})
        if wait:
            return self.pause_wait(job_id)
        return result


def notrun(reason):
    '''Skip this test suite'''
    # Each test in qemu-iotests has a number ("seq")
    seq = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])

    open('%s/%s.notrun' % (output_dir, seq), 'w').write(reason + '\n')
    print('%s not run: %s' % (seq, reason))
    sys.exit(0)

def case_notrun(reason):
    '''Skip this test case'''
    # Each test in qemu-iotests has a number ("seq")
    seq = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])

    open('%s/%s.casenotrun' % (output_dir, seq), 'a').write(
        '    [case not run] ' + reason + '\n')

def verify_image_format(supported_fmts=[], unsupported_fmts=[]):
    assert not (supported_fmts and unsupported_fmts)

    if 'generic' in supported_fmts and \
            os.environ.get('IMGFMT_GENERIC', 'true') == 'true':
        # similar to
        #   _supported_fmt generic
        # for bash tests
        return

    not_sup = supported_fmts and (imgfmt not in supported_fmts)
    if not_sup or (imgfmt in unsupported_fmts):
        notrun('not suitable for this image format: %s' % imgfmt)

def verify_protocol(supported=[], unsupported=[]):
    assert not (supported and unsupported)

    if 'generic' in supported:
        return

    not_sup = supported and (imgproto not in supported)
    if not_sup or (imgproto in unsupported):
        notrun('not suitable for this protocol: %s' % imgproto)

def verify_platform(supported_oses=['linux']):
    if True not in [sys.platform.startswith(x) for x in supported_oses]:
        notrun('not suitable for this OS: %s' % sys.platform)

def verify_cache_mode(supported_cache_modes=[]):
    if supported_cache_modes and (cachemode not in supported_cache_modes):
        notrun('not suitable for this cache mode: %s' % cachemode)

def supports_quorum():
    return 'quorum' in qemu_img_pipe('--help')

def verify_quorum():
    '''Skip test suite if quorum support is not available'''
    if not supports_quorum():
        notrun('quorum support missing')

def qemu_pipe(*args):
    '''Run qemu with an option to print something and exit (e.g. a help option),
    and return its output'''
    args = [qemu_prog] + qemu_opts + list(args)
    subp = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                            universal_newlines=True)
    exitcode = subp.wait()
    if exitcode < 0:
        sys.stderr.write('qemu received signal %i: %s\n' % (-exitcode,
                         ' '.join(args)))
    return subp.communicate()[0]

def supported_formats(read_only=False):
    '''Set 'read_only' to True to check ro-whitelist
       Otherwise, rw-whitelist is checked'''
    format_message = qemu_pipe("-drive", "format=help")
    line = 1 if read_only else 0
    return format_message.splitlines()[line].split(":")[1].split()

def skip_if_unsupported(required_formats=[], read_only=False):
    '''Skip Test Decorator
       Runs the test if all the required formats are whitelisted'''
    def skip_test_decorator(func):
        def func_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            usf_list = list(set(required_formats) -
                            set(supported_formats(read_only)))
            if usf_list:
                case_notrun('{}: formats {} are not whitelisted'.format(
                    args[0], usf_list))
            else:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return func_wrapper
    return skip_test_decorator

def main(supported_fmts=[], supported_oses=['linux'], supported_cache_modes=[],
         unsupported_fmts=[]):
    '''Run tests'''

    global debug

    # We are using TEST_DIR and QEMU_DEFAULT_MACHINE as proxies to
    # indicate that we're not being run via "check". There may be
    # other things set up by "check" that individual test cases rely
    # on.
    if test_dir is None or qemu_default_machine is None:
        sys.stderr.write('Please run this test via the "check" script\n')
        sys.exit(os.EX_USAGE)

    debug = '-d' in sys.argv
    verbosity = 1
    verify_image_format(supported_fmts, unsupported_fmts)
    verify_platform(supported_oses)
    verify_cache_mode(supported_cache_modes)

    if debug:
        output = sys.stdout
        verbosity = 2
        sys.argv.remove('-d')
    else:
        # We need to filter out the time taken from the output so that
        # qemu-iotest can reliably diff the results against master output.
        if sys.version_info.major >= 3:
            output = io.StringIO()
        else:
            # io.StringIO is for unicode strings, which is not what
            # 2.x's test runner emits.
            output = io.BytesIO()

    logging.basicConfig(level=(logging.DEBUG if debug else logging.WARN))

    class MyTestRunner(unittest.TextTestRunner):
        def __init__(self, stream=output, descriptions=True, verbosity=verbosity):
            unittest.TextTestRunner.__init__(self, stream, descriptions, verbosity)

    # unittest.main() will use sys.exit() so expect a SystemExit exception
    try:
        unittest.main(testRunner=MyTestRunner)
    finally:
        if not debug:
            sys.stderr.write(re.sub(r'Ran (\d+) tests? in [\d.]+s', r'Ran \1 tests', output.getvalue()))