xref: /openbmc/qemu/target/arm/helper.c (revision d071f4cd)

#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "target/arm/idau.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "cpu.h"
#include "internals.h"
#include "exec/gdbstub.h"
#include "exec/helper-proto.h"
#include "qemu/host-utils.h"
#include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
#include "qemu/bitops.h"
#include "qemu/crc32c.h"
#include "exec/exec-all.h"
#include "exec/cpu_ldst.h"
#include "arm_ldst.h"
#include <zlib.h> /* For crc32 */
#include "exec/semihost.h"
#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
#include "fpu/softfloat.h"

#define ARM_CPU_FREQ 1000000000 /* FIXME: 1 GHz, should be configurable */

#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
/* Cacheability and shareability attributes for a memory access */
typedef struct ARMCacheAttrs {
    unsigned int attrs:8; /* as in the MAIR register encoding */
    unsigned int shareability:2; /* as in the SH field of the VMSAv8-64 PTEs */
} ARMCacheAttrs;

static bool get_phys_addr(CPUARMState *env, target_ulong address,
                          MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                          hwaddr *phys_ptr, MemTxAttrs *attrs, int *prot,
                          target_ulong *page_size,
                          ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi, ARMCacheAttrs *cacheattrs);

static bool get_phys_addr_lpae(CPUARMState *env, target_ulong address,
                               MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                               hwaddr *phys_ptr, MemTxAttrs *txattrs, int *prot,
                               target_ulong *page_size_ptr,
                               ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi, ARMCacheAttrs *cacheattrs);

/* Security attributes for an address, as returned by v8m_security_lookup. */
typedef struct V8M_SAttributes {
    bool subpage; /* true if these attrs don't cover the whole TARGET_PAGE */
    bool ns;
    bool nsc;
    uint8_t sregion;
    bool srvalid;
    uint8_t iregion;
    bool irvalid;
} V8M_SAttributes;

static void v8m_security_lookup(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address,
                                MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                V8M_SAttributes *sattrs);
#endif

static int vfp_gdb_get_reg(CPUARMState *env, uint8_t *buf, int reg)
{
    int nregs;

    /* VFP data registers are always little-endian.  */
    nregs = arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_VFP3) ? 32 : 16;
    if (reg < nregs) {
        stq_le_p(buf, *aa32_vfp_dreg(env, reg));
        return 8;
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_NEON)) {
        /* Aliases for Q regs.  */
        nregs += 16;
        if (reg < nregs) {
            uint64_t *q = aa32_vfp_qreg(env, reg - 32);
            stq_le_p(buf, q[0]);
            stq_le_p(buf + 8, q[1]);
            return 16;
        }
    }
    switch (reg - nregs) {
    case 0: stl_p(buf, env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSID]); return 4;
    case 1: stl_p(buf, env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR]); return 4;
    case 2: stl_p(buf, env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPEXC]); return 4;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int vfp_gdb_set_reg(CPUARMState *env, uint8_t *buf, int reg)
{
    int nregs;

    nregs = arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_VFP3) ? 32 : 16;
    if (reg < nregs) {
        *aa32_vfp_dreg(env, reg) = ldq_le_p(buf);
        return 8;
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_NEON)) {
        nregs += 16;
        if (reg < nregs) {
            uint64_t *q = aa32_vfp_qreg(env, reg - 32);
            q[0] = ldq_le_p(buf);
            q[1] = ldq_le_p(buf + 8);
            return 16;
        }
    }
    switch (reg - nregs) {
    case 0: env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSID] = ldl_p(buf); return 4;
    case 1: env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR] = ldl_p(buf); return 4;
    case 2: env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPEXC] = ldl_p(buf) & (1 << 30); return 4;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int aarch64_fpu_gdb_get_reg(CPUARMState *env, uint8_t *buf, int reg)
{
    switch (reg) {
    case 0 ... 31:
        /* 128 bit FP register */
        {
            uint64_t *q = aa64_vfp_qreg(env, reg);
            stq_le_p(buf, q[0]);
            stq_le_p(buf + 8, q[1]);
            return 16;
        }
    case 32:
        /* FPSR */
        stl_p(buf, vfp_get_fpsr(env));
        return 4;
    case 33:
        /* FPCR */
        stl_p(buf, vfp_get_fpcr(env));
        return 4;
    default:
        return 0;
    }
}

static int aarch64_fpu_gdb_set_reg(CPUARMState *env, uint8_t *buf, int reg)
{
    switch (reg) {
    case 0 ... 31:
        /* 128 bit FP register */
        {
            uint64_t *q = aa64_vfp_qreg(env, reg);
            q[0] = ldq_le_p(buf);
            q[1] = ldq_le_p(buf + 8);
            return 16;
        }
    case 32:
        /* FPSR */
        vfp_set_fpsr(env, ldl_p(buf));
        return 4;
    case 33:
        /* FPCR */
        vfp_set_fpcr(env, ldl_p(buf));
        return 4;
    default:
        return 0;
    }
}

static uint64_t raw_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    assert(ri->fieldoffset);
    if (cpreg_field_is_64bit(ri)) {
        return CPREG_FIELD64(env, ri);
    } else {
        return CPREG_FIELD32(env, ri);
    }
}

static void raw_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                      uint64_t value)
{
    assert(ri->fieldoffset);
    if (cpreg_field_is_64bit(ri)) {
        CPREG_FIELD64(env, ri) = value;
    } else {
        CPREG_FIELD32(env, ri) = value;
    }
}

static void *raw_ptr(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return (char *)env + ri->fieldoffset;
}

uint64_t read_raw_cp_reg(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    /* Raw read of a coprocessor register (as needed for migration, etc). */
    if (ri->type & ARM_CP_CONST) {
        return ri->resetvalue;
    } else if (ri->raw_readfn) {
        return ri->raw_readfn(env, ri);
    } else if (ri->readfn) {
        return ri->readfn(env, ri);
    } else {
        return raw_read(env, ri);
    }
}

static void write_raw_cp_reg(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t v)
{
    /* Raw write of a coprocessor register (as needed for migration, etc).
     * Note that constant registers are treated as write-ignored; the
     * caller should check for success by whether a readback gives the
     * value written.
     */
    if (ri->type & ARM_CP_CONST) {
        return;
    } else if (ri->raw_writefn) {
        ri->raw_writefn(env, ri, v);
    } else if (ri->writefn) {
        ri->writefn(env, ri, v);
    } else {
        raw_write(env, ri, v);
    }
}

static int arm_gdb_get_sysreg(CPUARMState *env, uint8_t *buf, int reg)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    const ARMCPRegInfo *ri;
    uint32_t key;

    key = cpu->dyn_xml.cpregs_keys[reg];
    ri = get_arm_cp_reginfo(cpu->cp_regs, key);
    if (ri) {
        if (cpreg_field_is_64bit(ri)) {
            return gdb_get_reg64(buf, (uint64_t)read_raw_cp_reg(env, ri));
        } else {
            return gdb_get_reg32(buf, (uint32_t)read_raw_cp_reg(env, ri));
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static int arm_gdb_set_sysreg(CPUARMState *env, uint8_t *buf, int reg)
{
    return 0;
}

static bool raw_accessors_invalid(const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
   /* Return true if the regdef would cause an assertion if you called
    * read_raw_cp_reg() or write_raw_cp_reg() on it (ie if it is a
    * program bug for it not to have the NO_RAW flag).
    * NB that returning false here doesn't necessarily mean that calling
    * read/write_raw_cp_reg() is safe, because we can't distinguish "has
    * read/write access functions which are safe for raw use" from "has
    * read/write access functions which have side effects but has forgotten
    * to provide raw access functions".
    * The tests here line up with the conditions in read/write_raw_cp_reg()
    * and assertions in raw_read()/raw_write().
    */
    if ((ri->type & ARM_CP_CONST) ||
        ri->fieldoffset ||
        ((ri->raw_writefn || ri->writefn) && (ri->raw_readfn || ri->readfn))) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool write_cpustate_to_list(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    /* Write the coprocessor state from cpu->env to the (index,value) list. */
    int i;
    bool ok = true;

    for (i = 0; i < cpu->cpreg_array_len; i++) {
        uint32_t regidx = kvm_to_cpreg_id(cpu->cpreg_indexes[i]);
        const ARMCPRegInfo *ri;

        ri = get_arm_cp_reginfo(cpu->cp_regs, regidx);
        if (!ri) {
            ok = false;
            continue;
        }
        if (ri->type & ARM_CP_NO_RAW) {
            continue;
        }
        cpu->cpreg_values[i] = read_raw_cp_reg(&cpu->env, ri);
    }
    return ok;
}

bool write_list_to_cpustate(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    int i;
    bool ok = true;

    for (i = 0; i < cpu->cpreg_array_len; i++) {
        uint32_t regidx = kvm_to_cpreg_id(cpu->cpreg_indexes[i]);
        uint64_t v = cpu->cpreg_values[i];
        const ARMCPRegInfo *ri;

        ri = get_arm_cp_reginfo(cpu->cp_regs, regidx);
        if (!ri) {
            ok = false;
            continue;
        }
        if (ri->type & ARM_CP_NO_RAW) {
            continue;
        }
        /* Write value and confirm it reads back as written
         * (to catch read-only registers and partially read-only
         * registers where the incoming migration value doesn't match)
         */
        write_raw_cp_reg(&cpu->env, ri, v);
        if (read_raw_cp_reg(&cpu->env, ri) != v) {
            ok = false;
        }
    }
    return ok;
}

static void add_cpreg_to_list(gpointer key, gpointer opaque)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = opaque;
    uint64_t regidx;
    const ARMCPRegInfo *ri;

    regidx = *(uint32_t *)key;
    ri = get_arm_cp_reginfo(cpu->cp_regs, regidx);

    if (!(ri->type & (ARM_CP_NO_RAW|ARM_CP_ALIAS))) {
        cpu->cpreg_indexes[cpu->cpreg_array_len] = cpreg_to_kvm_id(regidx);
        /* The value array need not be initialized at this point */
        cpu->cpreg_array_len++;
    }
}

static void count_cpreg(gpointer key, gpointer opaque)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = opaque;
    uint64_t regidx;
    const ARMCPRegInfo *ri;

    regidx = *(uint32_t *)key;
    ri = get_arm_cp_reginfo(cpu->cp_regs, regidx);

    if (!(ri->type & (ARM_CP_NO_RAW|ARM_CP_ALIAS))) {
        cpu->cpreg_array_len++;
    }
}

static gint cpreg_key_compare(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
{
    uint64_t aidx = cpreg_to_kvm_id(*(uint32_t *)a);
    uint64_t bidx = cpreg_to_kvm_id(*(uint32_t *)b);

    if (aidx > bidx) {
        return 1;
    }
    if (aidx < bidx) {
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

void init_cpreg_list(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    /* Initialise the cpreg_tuples[] array based on the cp_regs hash.
     * Note that we require cpreg_tuples[] to be sorted by key ID.
     */
    GList *keys;
    int arraylen;

    keys = g_hash_table_get_keys(cpu->cp_regs);
    keys = g_list_sort(keys, cpreg_key_compare);

    cpu->cpreg_array_len = 0;

    g_list_foreach(keys, count_cpreg, cpu);

    arraylen = cpu->cpreg_array_len;
    cpu->cpreg_indexes = g_new(uint64_t, arraylen);
    cpu->cpreg_values = g_new(uint64_t, arraylen);
    cpu->cpreg_vmstate_indexes = g_new(uint64_t, arraylen);
    cpu->cpreg_vmstate_values = g_new(uint64_t, arraylen);
    cpu->cpreg_vmstate_array_len = cpu->cpreg_array_len;
    cpu->cpreg_array_len = 0;

    g_list_foreach(keys, add_cpreg_to_list, cpu);

    assert(cpu->cpreg_array_len == arraylen);

    g_list_free(keys);
}

/*
 * Some registers are not accessible if EL3.NS=0 and EL3 is using AArch32 but
 * they are accessible when EL3 is using AArch64 regardless of EL3.NS.
 *
 * access_el3_aa32ns: Used to check AArch32 register views.
 * access_el3_aa32ns_aa64any: Used to check both AArch32/64 register views.
 */
static CPAccessResult access_el3_aa32ns(CPUARMState *env,
                                        const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                        bool isread)
{
    bool secure = arm_is_secure_below_el3(env);

    assert(!arm_el_is_aa64(env, 3));
    if (secure) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_UNCATEGORIZED;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static CPAccessResult access_el3_aa32ns_aa64any(CPUARMState *env,
                                                const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                                bool isread)
{
    if (!arm_el_is_aa64(env, 3)) {
        return access_el3_aa32ns(env, ri, isread);
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

/* Some secure-only AArch32 registers trap to EL3 if used from
 * Secure EL1 (but are just ordinary UNDEF in other non-EL3 contexts).
 * Note that an access from Secure EL1 can only happen if EL3 is AArch64.
 * We assume that the .access field is set to PL1_RW.
 */
static CPAccessResult access_trap_aa32s_el1(CPUARMState *env,
                                            const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                            bool isread)
{
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 3) {
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    }
    if (arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
    }
    /* This will be EL1 NS and EL2 NS, which just UNDEF */
    return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_UNCATEGORIZED;
}

/* Check for traps to "powerdown debug" registers, which are controlled
 * by MDCR.TDOSA
 */
static CPAccessResult access_tdosa(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                   bool isread)
{
    int el = arm_current_el(env);

    if (el < 2 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el2 & MDCR_TDOSA)
        && !arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL2;
    }
    if (el < 3 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el3 & MDCR_TDOSA)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

/* Check for traps to "debug ROM" registers, which are controlled
 * by MDCR_EL2.TDRA for EL2 but by the more general MDCR_EL3.TDA for EL3.
 */
static CPAccessResult access_tdra(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                  bool isread)
{
    int el = arm_current_el(env);

    if (el < 2 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el2 & MDCR_TDRA)
        && !arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL2;
    }
    if (el < 3 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el3 & MDCR_TDA)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

/* Check for traps to general debug registers, which are controlled
 * by MDCR_EL2.TDA for EL2 and MDCR_EL3.TDA for EL3.
 */
static CPAccessResult access_tda(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                  bool isread)
{
    int el = arm_current_el(env);

    if (el < 2 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el2 & MDCR_TDA)
        && !arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL2;
    }
    if (el < 3 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el3 & MDCR_TDA)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

/* Check for traps to performance monitor registers, which are controlled
 * by MDCR_EL2.TPM for EL2 and MDCR_EL3.TPM for EL3.
 */
static CPAccessResult access_tpm(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 bool isread)
{
    int el = arm_current_el(env);

    if (el < 2 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el2 & MDCR_TPM)
        && !arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL2;
    }
    if (el < 3 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el3 & MDCR_TPM)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static void dacr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri, uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    raw_write(env, ri, value);
    tlb_flush(CPU(cpu)); /* Flush TLB as domain not tracked in TLB */
}

static void fcse_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri, uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    if (raw_read(env, ri) != value) {
        /* Unlike real hardware the qemu TLB uses virtual addresses,
         * not modified virtual addresses, so this causes a TLB flush.
         */
        tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
        raw_write(env, ri, value);
    }
}

static void contextidr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    if (raw_read(env, ri) != value && !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_PMSA)
        && !extended_addresses_enabled(env)) {
        /* For VMSA (when not using the LPAE long descriptor page table
         * format) this register includes the ASID, so do a TLB flush.
         * For PMSA it is purely a process ID and no action is needed.
         */
        tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
    }
    raw_write(env, ri, value);
}

static void tlbiall_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                          uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate all (TLBIALL) */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
}

static void tlbimva_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                          uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate single TLB entry by MVA and ASID (TLBIMVA) */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    tlb_flush_page(CPU(cpu), value & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
}

static void tlbiasid_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                           uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate by ASID (TLBIASID) */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
}

static void tlbimvaa_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                           uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate single entry by MVA, all ASIDs (TLBIMVAA) */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    tlb_flush_page(CPU(cpu), value & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
}

/* IS variants of TLB operations must affect all cores */
static void tlbiall_is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_all_cpus_synced(cs);
}

static void tlbiasid_is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_all_cpus_synced(cs);
}

static void tlbimva_is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_page_all_cpus_synced(cs, value & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
}

static void tlbimvaa_is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_page_all_cpus_synced(cs, value & TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
}

static void tlbiall_nsnh_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                               uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs,
                        ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                        ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0 |
                        ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
}

static void tlbiall_nsnh_is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                  uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs,
                                        ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                                        ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0 |
                                        ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
}

static void tlbiipas2_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate by IPA. This has to invalidate any structures that
     * contain only stage 2 translation information, but does not need
     * to apply to structures that contain combined stage 1 and stage 2
     * translation information.
     * This must NOP if EL2 isn't implemented or SCR_EL3.NS is zero.
     */
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    uint64_t pageaddr;

    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) || !(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_NS)) {
        return;
    }

    pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 40);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx(cs, pageaddr, ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
}

static void tlbiipas2_is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                               uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    uint64_t pageaddr;

    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) || !(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_NS)) {
        return;
    }

    pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 40);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, pageaddr,
                                             ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
}

static void tlbiall_hyp_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E2);
}

static void tlbiall_hyp_is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E2);
}

static void tlbimva_hyp_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    uint64_t pageaddr = value & ~MAKE_64BIT_MASK(0, 12);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx(cs, pageaddr, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E2);
}

static void tlbimva_hyp_is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    uint64_t pageaddr = value & ~MAKE_64BIT_MASK(0, 12);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, pageaddr,
                                             ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E2);
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* Define the secure and non-secure FCSE identifier CP registers
     * separately because there is no secure bank in V8 (no _EL3).  This allows
     * the secure register to be properly reset and migrated. There is also no
     * v8 EL1 version of the register so the non-secure instance stands alone.
     */
    { .name = "FCSEIDR",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.fcseidr_ns),
      .resetvalue = 0, .writefn = fcse_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write, },
    { .name = "FCSEIDR_S",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_S,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.fcseidr_s),
      .resetvalue = 0, .writefn = fcse_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write, },
    /* Define the secure and non-secure context identifier CP registers
     * separately because there is no secure bank in V8 (no _EL3).  This allows
     * the secure register to be properly reset and migrated.  In the
     * non-secure case, the 32-bit register will have reset and migration
     * disabled during registration as it is handled by the 64-bit instance.
     */
    { .name = "CONTEXTIDR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.contextidr_el[1]),
      .resetvalue = 0, .writefn = contextidr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write, },
    { .name = "CONTEXTIDR_S", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_S,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.contextidr_s),
      .resetvalue = 0, .writefn = contextidr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write, },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo not_v8_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* NB: Some of these registers exist in v8 but with more precise
     * definitions that don't use CP_ANY wildcards (mostly in v8_cp_reginfo[]).
     */
    /* MMU Domain access control / MPU write buffer control */
    { .name = "DACR",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = CP_ANY, .crn = 3, .crm = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
      .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = dacr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.dacr_s),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.dacr_ns) } },
    /* ARMv7 allocates a range of implementation defined TLB LOCKDOWN regs.
     * For v6 and v5, these mappings are overly broad.
     */
    { .name = "TLB_LOCKDOWN", .cp = 15, .crn = 10, .crm = 0,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "TLB_LOCKDOWN", .cp = 15, .crn = 10, .crm = 1,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "TLB_LOCKDOWN", .cp = 15, .crn = 10, .crm = 4,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "TLB_LOCKDOWN", .cp = 15, .crn = 10, .crm = 8,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    /* Cache maintenance ops; some of this space may be overridden later. */
    { .name = "CACHEMAINT", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = CP_ANY,
      .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_W,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP | ARM_CP_OVERRIDE },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo not_v6_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* Not all pre-v6 cores implemented this WFI, so this is slightly
     * over-broad.
     */
    { .name = "WFI_v5", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_WFI },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo not_v7_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* Standard v6 WFI (also used in some pre-v6 cores); not in v7 (which
     * is UNPREDICTABLE; we choose to NOP as most implementations do).
     */
    { .name = "WFI_v6", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_WFI },
    /* L1 cache lockdown. Not architectural in v6 and earlier but in practice
     * implemented in 926, 946, 1026, 1136, 1176 and 11MPCore. StrongARM and
     * OMAPCP will override this space.
     */
    { .name = "DLOCKDOWN", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_data),
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "ILOCKDOWN", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_insn),
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* v6 doesn't have the cache ID registers but Linux reads them anyway */
    { .name = "DUMMY", .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 1, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
      .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* We don't implement pre-v7 debug but most CPUs had at least a DBGDIDR;
     * implementing it as RAZ means the "debug architecture version" bits
     * will read as a reserved value, which should cause Linux to not try
     * to use the debug hardware.
     */
    { .name = "DBGDIDR", .cp = 14, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* MMU TLB control. Note that the wildcarding means we cover not just
     * the unified TLB ops but also the dside/iside/inner-shareable variants.
     */
    { .name = "TLBIALL", .cp = 15, .crn = 8, .crm = CP_ANY,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = 0, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiall_write,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    { .name = "TLBIMVA", .cp = 15, .crn = 8, .crm = CP_ANY,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = 1, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimva_write,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    { .name = "TLBIASID", .cp = 15, .crn = 8, .crm = CP_ANY,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = 2, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiasid_write,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAA", .cp = 15, .crn = 8, .crm = CP_ANY,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = 3, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimvaa_write,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    { .name = "PRRR", .cp = 15, .crn = 10, .crm = 2,
      .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0, .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "NMRR", .cp = 15, .crn = 10, .crm = 2,
      .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1, .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static void cpacr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                        uint64_t value)
{
    uint32_t mask = 0;

    /* In ARMv8 most bits of CPACR_EL1 are RES0. */
    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        /* ARMv7 defines bits for unimplemented coprocessors as RAZ/WI.
         * ASEDIS [31] and D32DIS [30] are both UNK/SBZP without VFP.
         * TRCDIS [28] is RAZ/WI since we do not implement a trace macrocell.
         */
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_VFP)) {
            /* VFP coprocessor: cp10 & cp11 [23:20] */
            mask |= (1 << 31) | (1 << 30) | (0xf << 20);

            if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_NEON)) {
                /* ASEDIS [31] bit is RAO/WI */
                value |= (1 << 31);
            }

            /* VFPv3 and upwards with NEON implement 32 double precision
             * registers (D0-D31).
             */
            if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_NEON) ||
                    !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_VFP3)) {
                /* D32DIS [30] is RAO/WI if D16-31 are not implemented. */
                value |= (1 << 30);
            }
        }
        value &= mask;
    }
    env->cp15.cpacr_el1 = value;
}

static void cpacr_reset(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    /* Call cpacr_write() so that we reset with the correct RAO bits set
     * for our CPU features.
     */
    cpacr_write(env, ri, 0);
}

static CPAccessResult cpacr_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                   bool isread)
{
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        /* Check if CPACR accesses are to be trapped to EL2 */
        if (arm_current_el(env) == 1 &&
            (env->cp15.cptr_el[2] & CPTR_TCPAC) && !arm_is_secure(env)) {
            return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL2;
        /* Check if CPACR accesses are to be trapped to EL3 */
        } else if (arm_current_el(env) < 3 &&
                   (env->cp15.cptr_el[3] & CPTR_TCPAC)) {
            return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
        }
    }

    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static CPAccessResult cptr_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                  bool isread)
{
    /* Check if CPTR accesses are set to trap to EL3 */
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 2 && (env->cp15.cptr_el[3] & CPTR_TCPAC)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
    }

    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo v6_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* prefetch by MVA in v6, NOP in v7 */
    { .name = "MVA_prefetch",
      .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 13, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    /* We need to break the TB after ISB to execute self-modifying code
     * correctly and also to take any pending interrupts immediately.
     * So use arm_cp_write_ignore() function instead of ARM_CP_NOP flag.
     */
    { .name = "ISB", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 5, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = arm_cp_write_ignore },
    { .name = "DSB", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 10, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "DMB", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 10, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "IFAR", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ifar_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ifar_ns) },
      .resetvalue = 0, },
    /* Watchpoint Fault Address Register : should actually only be present
     * for 1136, 1176, 11MPCore.
     */
    { .name = "WFAR", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0, },
    { .name = "CPACR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH, .opc0 = 3,
      .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2, .accessfn = cpacr_access,
      .access = PL1_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.cpacr_el1),
      .resetfn = cpacr_reset, .writefn = cpacr_write },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

/* Definitions for the PMU registers */
#define PMCRN_MASK  0xf800
#define PMCRN_SHIFT 11
#define PMCRD   0x8
#define PMCRC   0x4
#define PMCRE   0x1

static inline uint32_t pmu_num_counters(CPUARMState *env)
{
  return (env->cp15.c9_pmcr & PMCRN_MASK) >> PMCRN_SHIFT;
}

/* Bits allowed to be set/cleared for PMCNTEN* and PMINTEN* */
static inline uint64_t pmu_counter_mask(CPUARMState *env)
{
  return (1 << 31) | ((1 << pmu_num_counters(env)) - 1);
}

static CPAccessResult pmreg_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                   bool isread)
{
    /* Performance monitor registers user accessibility is controlled
     * by PMUSERENR. MDCR_EL2.TPM and MDCR_EL3.TPM allow configurable
     * trapping to EL2 or EL3 for other accesses.
     */
    int el = arm_current_el(env);

    if (el == 0 && !(env->cp15.c9_pmuserenr & 1)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }
    if (el < 2 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el2 & MDCR_TPM)
        && !arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL2;
    }
    if (el < 3 && (env->cp15.mdcr_el3 & MDCR_TPM)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
    }

    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static CPAccessResult pmreg_access_xevcntr(CPUARMState *env,
                                           const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                           bool isread)
{
    /* ER: event counter read trap control */
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)
        && arm_current_el(env) == 0
        && (env->cp15.c9_pmuserenr & (1 << 3)) != 0
        && isread) {
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    }

    return pmreg_access(env, ri, isread);
}

static CPAccessResult pmreg_access_swinc(CPUARMState *env,
                                         const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                         bool isread)
{
    /* SW: software increment write trap control */
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)
        && arm_current_el(env) == 0
        && (env->cp15.c9_pmuserenr & (1 << 1)) != 0
        && !isread) {
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    }

    return pmreg_access(env, ri, isread);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY

static CPAccessResult pmreg_access_selr(CPUARMState *env,
                                        const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                        bool isread)
{
    /* ER: event counter read trap control */
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)
        && arm_current_el(env) == 0
        && (env->cp15.c9_pmuserenr & (1 << 3)) != 0) {
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    }

    return pmreg_access(env, ri, isread);
}

static CPAccessResult pmreg_access_ccntr(CPUARMState *env,
                                         const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                         bool isread)
{
    /* CR: cycle counter read trap control */
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)
        && arm_current_el(env) == 0
        && (env->cp15.c9_pmuserenr & (1 << 2)) != 0
        && isread) {
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    }

    return pmreg_access(env, ri, isread);
}

static inline bool arm_ccnt_enabled(CPUARMState *env)
{
    /* This does not support checking PMCCFILTR_EL0 register */

    if (!(env->cp15.c9_pmcr & PMCRE) || !(env->cp15.c9_pmcnten & (1 << 31))) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

void pmccntr_sync(CPUARMState *env)
{
    uint64_t temp_ticks;

    temp_ticks = muldiv64(qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL),
                          ARM_CPU_FREQ, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND);

    if (env->cp15.c9_pmcr & PMCRD) {
        /* Increment once every 64 processor clock cycles */
        temp_ticks /= 64;
    }

    if (arm_ccnt_enabled(env)) {
        env->cp15.c15_ccnt = temp_ticks - env->cp15.c15_ccnt;
    }
}

static void pmcr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                       uint64_t value)
{
    pmccntr_sync(env);

    if (value & PMCRC) {
        /* The counter has been reset */
        env->cp15.c15_ccnt = 0;
    }

    /* only the DP, X, D and E bits are writable */
    env->cp15.c9_pmcr &= ~0x39;
    env->cp15.c9_pmcr |= (value & 0x39);

    pmccntr_sync(env);
}

static uint64_t pmccntr_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    uint64_t total_ticks;

    if (!arm_ccnt_enabled(env)) {
        /* Counter is disabled, do not change value */
        return env->cp15.c15_ccnt;
    }

    total_ticks = muldiv64(qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL),
                           ARM_CPU_FREQ, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND);

    if (env->cp15.c9_pmcr & PMCRD) {
        /* Increment once every 64 processor clock cycles */
        total_ticks /= 64;
    }
    return total_ticks - env->cp15.c15_ccnt;
}

static void pmselr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    /* The value of PMSELR.SEL affects the behavior of PMXEVTYPER and
     * PMXEVCNTR. We allow [0..31] to be written to PMSELR here; in the
     * meanwhile, we check PMSELR.SEL when PMXEVTYPER and PMXEVCNTR are
     * accessed.
     */
    env->cp15.c9_pmselr = value & 0x1f;
}

static void pmccntr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                        uint64_t value)
{
    uint64_t total_ticks;

    if (!arm_ccnt_enabled(env)) {
        /* Counter is disabled, set the absolute value */
        env->cp15.c15_ccnt = value;
        return;
    }

    total_ticks = muldiv64(qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL),
                           ARM_CPU_FREQ, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND);

    if (env->cp15.c9_pmcr & PMCRD) {
        /* Increment once every 64 processor clock cycles */
        total_ticks /= 64;
    }
    env->cp15.c15_ccnt = total_ticks - value;
}

static void pmccntr_write32(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    uint64_t cur_val = pmccntr_read(env, NULL);

    pmccntr_write(env, ri, deposit64(cur_val, 0, 32, value));
}

#else /* CONFIG_USER_ONLY */

void pmccntr_sync(CPUARMState *env)
{
}

#endif

static void pmccfiltr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    pmccntr_sync(env);
    env->cp15.pmccfiltr_el0 = value & 0xfc000000;
    pmccntr_sync(env);
}

static void pmcntenset_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    value &= pmu_counter_mask(env);
    env->cp15.c9_pmcnten |= value;
}

static void pmcntenclr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    value &= pmu_counter_mask(env);
    env->cp15.c9_pmcnten &= ~value;
}

static void pmovsr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    env->cp15.c9_pmovsr &= ~value;
}

static void pmxevtyper_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    /* Attempts to access PMXEVTYPER are CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE when
     * PMSELR value is equal to or greater than the number of implemented
     * counters, but not equal to 0x1f. We opt to behave as a RAZ/WI.
     */
    if (env->cp15.c9_pmselr == 0x1f) {
        pmccfiltr_write(env, ri, value);
    }
}

static uint64_t pmxevtyper_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    /* We opt to behave as a RAZ/WI when attempts to access PMXEVTYPER
     * are CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE. See comments in pmxevtyper_write().
     */
    if (env->cp15.c9_pmselr == 0x1f) {
        return env->cp15.pmccfiltr_el0;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

static void pmuserenr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        env->cp15.c9_pmuserenr = value & 0xf;
    } else {
        env->cp15.c9_pmuserenr = value & 1;
    }
}

static void pmintenset_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    /* We have no event counters so only the C bit can be changed */
    value &= pmu_counter_mask(env);
    env->cp15.c9_pminten |= value;
}

static void pmintenclr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    value &= pmu_counter_mask(env);
    env->cp15.c9_pminten &= ~value;
}

static void vbar_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                       uint64_t value)
{
    /* Note that even though the AArch64 view of this register has bits
     * [10:0] all RES0 we can only mask the bottom 5, to comply with the
     * architectural requirements for bits which are RES0 only in some
     * contexts. (ARMv8 would permit us to do no masking at all, but ARMv7
     * requires the bottom five bits to be RAZ/WI because they're UNK/SBZP.)
     */
    raw_write(env, ri, value & ~0x1FULL);
}

static void scr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri, uint64_t value)
{
    /* We only mask off bits that are RES0 both for AArch64 and AArch32.
     * For bits that vary between AArch32/64, code needs to check the
     * current execution mode before directly using the feature bit.
     */
    uint32_t valid_mask = SCR_AARCH64_MASK | SCR_AARCH32_MASK;

    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) {
        valid_mask &= ~SCR_HCE;

        /* On ARMv7, SMD (or SCD as it is called in v7) is only
         * supported if EL2 exists. The bit is UNK/SBZP when
         * EL2 is unavailable. In QEMU ARMv7, we force it to always zero
         * when EL2 is unavailable.
         * On ARMv8, this bit is always available.
         */
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7) &&
            !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            valid_mask &= ~SCR_SMD;
        }
    }

    /* Clear all-context RES0 bits.  */
    value &= valid_mask;
    raw_write(env, ri, value);
}

static uint64_t ccsidr_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    /* Acquire the CSSELR index from the bank corresponding to the CCSIDR
     * bank
     */
    uint32_t index = A32_BANKED_REG_GET(env, csselr,
                                        ri->secure & ARM_CP_SECSTATE_S);

    return cpu->ccsidr[index];
}

static void csselr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    raw_write(env, ri, value & 0xf);
}

static uint64_t isr_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    uint64_t ret = 0;

    if (cs->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD) {
        ret |= CPSR_I;
    }
    if (cs->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_FIQ) {
        ret |= CPSR_F;
    }
    /* External aborts are not possible in QEMU so A bit is always clear */
    return ret;
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo v7_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* the old v6 WFI, UNPREDICTABLE in v7 but we choose to NOP */
    { .name = "NOP", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    /* Performance monitors are implementation defined in v7,
     * but with an ARM recommended set of registers, which we
     * follow (although we don't actually implement any counters)
     *
     * Performance registers fall into three categories:
     *  (a) always UNDEF in PL0, RW in PL1 (PMINTENSET, PMINTENCLR)
     *  (b) RO in PL0 (ie UNDEF on write), RW in PL1 (PMUSERENR)
     *  (c) UNDEF in PL0 if PMUSERENR.EN==0, otherwise accessible (all others)
     * For the cases controlled by PMUSERENR we must set .access to PL0_RW
     * or PL0_RO as appropriate and then check PMUSERENR in the helper fn.
     */
    { .name = "PMCNTENSET", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmcnten),
      .writefn = pmcntenset_write,
      .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    { .name = "PMCNTENSET_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_RW, .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmcnten), .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = pmcntenset_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    { .name = "PMCNTENCLR", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL0_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmcnten),
      .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .writefn = pmcntenclr_write,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS },
    { .name = "PMCNTENCLR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL0_RW, .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmcnten),
      .writefn = pmcntenclr_write },
    { .name = "PMOVSR", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL0_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmovsr),
      .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .writefn = pmovsr_write,
      .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    { .name = "PMOVSCLR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL0_RW, .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmovsr),
      .writefn = pmovsr_write,
      .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    /* Unimplemented so WI. */
    { .name = "PMSWINC", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL0_W, .accessfn = pmreg_access_swinc, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
    { .name = "PMSELR", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL0_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmselr),
      .accessfn = pmreg_access_selr, .writefn = pmselr_write,
      .raw_writefn = raw_write},
    { .name = "PMSELR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL0_RW, .accessfn = pmreg_access_selr,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmselr),
      .writefn = pmselr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write, },
    { .name = "PMCCNTR", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 13, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL0_RW, .resetvalue = 0, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS | ARM_CP_IO,
      .readfn = pmccntr_read, .writefn = pmccntr_write32,
      .accessfn = pmreg_access_ccntr },
    { .name = "PMCCNTR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 13, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL0_RW, .accessfn = pmreg_access_ccntr,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO,
      .readfn = pmccntr_read, .writefn = pmccntr_write, },
#endif
    { .name = "PMCCFILTR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 15, .opc2 = 7,
      .writefn = pmccfiltr_write,
      .access = PL0_RW, .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.pmccfiltr_el0),
      .resetvalue = 0, },
    { .name = "PMXEVTYPER", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 13, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .writefn = pmxevtyper_write, .readfn = pmxevtyper_read },
    { .name = "PMXEVTYPER_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 13, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .accessfn = pmreg_access,
      .writefn = pmxevtyper_write, .readfn = pmxevtyper_read },
    /* Unimplemented, RAZ/WI. */
    { .name = "PMXEVCNTR", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 13, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL0_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0,
      .accessfn = pmreg_access_xevcntr },
    { .name = "PMUSERENR", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL0_R | PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tpm,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmuserenr),
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = pmuserenr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    { .name = "PMUSERENR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 14, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL0_R | PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tpm, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmuserenr),
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = pmuserenr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    { .name = "PMINTENSET", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tpm,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pminten),
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = pmintenset_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    { .name = "PMINTENSET_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 9, .crm = 14, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tpm,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pminten),
      .writefn = pmintenset_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
      .resetvalue = 0x0 },
    { .name = "PMINTENCLR", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tpm, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pminten),
      .writefn = pmintenclr_write, },
    { .name = "PMINTENCLR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 9, .crm = 14, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tpm, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pminten),
      .writefn = pmintenclr_write },
    { .name = "CCSIDR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_R, .readfn = ccsidr_read, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    { .name = "CSSELR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .writefn = csselr_write, .resetvalue = 0,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.csselr_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.csselr_ns) } },
    /* Auxiliary ID register: this actually has an IMPDEF value but for now
     * just RAZ for all cores:
     */
    { .name = "AIDR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 1, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 7,
      .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* Auxiliary fault status registers: these also are IMPDEF, and we
     * choose to RAZ/WI for all cores.
     */
    { .name = "AFSR0_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 5, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "AFSR1_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 5, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* MAIR can just read-as-written because we don't implement caches
     * and so don't need to care about memory attributes.
     */
    { .name = "MAIR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 10, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mair_el[1]),
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "MAIR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 10, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mair_el[3]),
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* For non-long-descriptor page tables these are PRRR and NMRR;
     * regardless they still act as reads-as-written for QEMU.
     */
     /* MAIR0/1 are defined separately from their 64-bit counterpart which
      * allows them to assign the correct fieldoffset based on the endianness
      * handled in the field definitions.
      */
    { .name = "MAIR0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 10, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0, .access = PL1_RW,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mair0_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mair0_ns) },
      .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    { .name = "MAIR1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 10, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1, .access = PL1_RW,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mair1_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mair1_ns) },
      .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    { .name = "ISR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 12, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_R, .readfn = isr_read },
    /* 32 bit ITLB invalidates */
    { .name = "ITLBIALL", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiall_write },
    { .name = "ITLBIMVA", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimva_write },
    { .name = "ITLBIASID", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiasid_write },
    /* 32 bit DTLB invalidates */
    { .name = "DTLBIALL", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiall_write },
    { .name = "DTLBIMVA", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimva_write },
    { .name = "DTLBIASID", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiasid_write },
    /* 32 bit TLB invalidates */
    { .name = "TLBIALL", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiall_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVA", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimva_write },
    { .name = "TLBIASID", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiasid_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAA", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 3,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimvaa_write },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo v7mp_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* 32 bit TLB invalidates, Inner Shareable */
    { .name = "TLBIALLIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbiall_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimva_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIASIDIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W,
      .writefn = tlbiasid_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAAIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 3,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W,
      .writefn = tlbimvaa_is_write },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static void teecr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                        uint64_t value)
{
    value &= 1;
    env->teecr = value;
}

static CPAccessResult teehbr_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    bool isread)
{
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && (env->teecr & 1)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo t2ee_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "TEECR", .cp = 14, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 6, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, teecr),
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = teecr_write },
    { .name = "TEEHBR", .cp = 14, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 6, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL0_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, teehbr),
      .accessfn = teehbr_access, .resetvalue = 0 },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo v6k_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "TPIDR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .opc2 = 2, .crn = 13, .crm = 0,
      .access = PL0_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidr_el[0]), .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "TPIDRURW", .cp = 15, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL0_RW,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidrurw_s),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidrurw_ns) },
      .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    { .name = "TPIDRRO_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .opc2 = 3, .crn = 13, .crm = 0,
      .access = PL0_R|PL1_W,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidrro_el[0]),
      .resetvalue = 0},
    { .name = "TPIDRURO", .cp = 15, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL0_R|PL1_W,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidruro_s),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidruro_ns) },
      .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    { .name = "TPIDR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4, .crn = 13, .crm = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidr_el[1]), .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "TPIDRPRW", .opc1 = 0, .cp = 15, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidrprw_s),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidrprw_ns) },
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY

static CPAccessResult gt_cntfrq_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                       bool isread)
{
    /* CNTFRQ: not visible from PL0 if both PL0PCTEN and PL0VCTEN are zero.
     * Writable only at the highest implemented exception level.
     */
    int el = arm_current_el(env);

    switch (el) {
    case 0:
        if (!extract32(env->cp15.c14_cntkctl, 0, 2)) {
            return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
        }
        break;
    case 1:
        if (!isread && ri->state == ARM_CP_STATE_AA32 &&
            arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
            /* Accesses from 32-bit Secure EL1 UNDEF (*not* trap to EL3!) */
            return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_UNCATEGORIZED;
        }
        break;
    case 2:
    case 3:
        break;
    }

    if (!isread && el < arm_highest_el(env)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_UNCATEGORIZED;
    }

    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static CPAccessResult gt_counter_access(CPUARMState *env, int timeridx,
                                        bool isread)
{
    unsigned int cur_el = arm_current_el(env);
    bool secure = arm_is_secure(env);

    /* CNT[PV]CT: not visible from PL0 if ELO[PV]CTEN is zero */
    if (cur_el == 0 &&
        !extract32(env->cp15.c14_cntkctl, timeridx, 1)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) &&
        timeridx == GTIMER_PHYS && !secure && cur_el < 2 &&
        !extract32(env->cp15.cnthctl_el2, 0, 1)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL2;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static CPAccessResult gt_timer_access(CPUARMState *env, int timeridx,
                                      bool isread)
{
    unsigned int cur_el = arm_current_el(env);
    bool secure = arm_is_secure(env);

    /* CNT[PV]_CVAL, CNT[PV]_CTL, CNT[PV]_TVAL: not visible from PL0 if
     * EL0[PV]TEN is zero.
     */
    if (cur_el == 0 &&
        !extract32(env->cp15.c14_cntkctl, 9 - timeridx, 1)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) &&
        timeridx == GTIMER_PHYS && !secure && cur_el < 2 &&
        !extract32(env->cp15.cnthctl_el2, 1, 1)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL2;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static CPAccessResult gt_pct_access(CPUARMState *env,
                                    const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    bool isread)
{
    return gt_counter_access(env, GTIMER_PHYS, isread);
}

static CPAccessResult gt_vct_access(CPUARMState *env,
                                    const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    bool isread)
{
    return gt_counter_access(env, GTIMER_VIRT, isread);
}

static CPAccessResult gt_ptimer_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                       bool isread)
{
    return gt_timer_access(env, GTIMER_PHYS, isread);
}

static CPAccessResult gt_vtimer_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                       bool isread)
{
    return gt_timer_access(env, GTIMER_VIRT, isread);
}

static CPAccessResult gt_stimer_access(CPUARMState *env,
                                       const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                       bool isread)
{
    /* The AArch64 register view of the secure physical timer is
     * always accessible from EL3, and configurably accessible from
     * Secure EL1.
     */
    switch (arm_current_el(env)) {
    case 1:
        if (!arm_is_secure(env)) {
            return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
        }
        if (!(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_ST)) {
            return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
        }
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    case 0:
    case 2:
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    case 3:
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    default:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }
}

static uint64_t gt_get_countervalue(CPUARMState *env)
{
    return qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) / GTIMER_SCALE;
}

static void gt_recalc_timer(ARMCPU *cpu, int timeridx)
{
    ARMGenericTimer *gt = &cpu->env.cp15.c14_timer[timeridx];

    if (gt->ctl & 1) {
        /* Timer enabled: calculate and set current ISTATUS, irq, and
         * reset timer to when ISTATUS next has to change
         */
        uint64_t offset = timeridx == GTIMER_VIRT ?
                                      cpu->env.cp15.cntvoff_el2 : 0;
        uint64_t count = gt_get_countervalue(&cpu->env);
        /* Note that this must be unsigned 64 bit arithmetic: */
        int istatus = count - offset >= gt->cval;
        uint64_t nexttick;
        int irqstate;

        gt->ctl = deposit32(gt->ctl, 2, 1, istatus);

        irqstate = (istatus && !(gt->ctl & 2));
        qemu_set_irq(cpu->gt_timer_outputs[timeridx], irqstate);

        if (istatus) {
            /* Next transition is when count rolls back over to zero */
            nexttick = UINT64_MAX;
        } else {
            /* Next transition is when we hit cval */
            nexttick = gt->cval + offset;
        }
        /* Note that the desired next expiry time might be beyond the
         * signed-64-bit range of a QEMUTimer -- in this case we just
         * set the timer for as far in the future as possible. When the
         * timer expires we will reset the timer for any remaining period.
         */
        if (nexttick > INT64_MAX / GTIMER_SCALE) {
            nexttick = INT64_MAX / GTIMER_SCALE;
        }
        timer_mod(cpu->gt_timer[timeridx], nexttick);
        trace_arm_gt_recalc(timeridx, irqstate, nexttick);
    } else {
        /* Timer disabled: ISTATUS and timer output always clear */
        gt->ctl &= ~4;
        qemu_set_irq(cpu->gt_timer_outputs[timeridx], 0);
        timer_del(cpu->gt_timer[timeridx]);
        trace_arm_gt_recalc_disabled(timeridx);
    }
}

static void gt_timer_reset(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                           int timeridx)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    timer_del(cpu->gt_timer[timeridx]);
}

static uint64_t gt_cnt_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return gt_get_countervalue(env);
}

static uint64_t gt_virt_cnt_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return gt_get_countervalue(env) - env->cp15.cntvoff_el2;
}

static void gt_cval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                          int timeridx,
                          uint64_t value)
{
    trace_arm_gt_cval_write(timeridx, value);
    env->cp15.c14_timer[timeridx].cval = value;
    gt_recalc_timer(arm_env_get_cpu(env), timeridx);
}

static uint64_t gt_tval_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             int timeridx)
{
    uint64_t offset = timeridx == GTIMER_VIRT ? env->cp15.cntvoff_el2 : 0;

    return (uint32_t)(env->cp15.c14_timer[timeridx].cval -
                      (gt_get_countervalue(env) - offset));
}

static void gt_tval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                          int timeridx,
                          uint64_t value)
{
    uint64_t offset = timeridx == GTIMER_VIRT ? env->cp15.cntvoff_el2 : 0;

    trace_arm_gt_tval_write(timeridx, value);
    env->cp15.c14_timer[timeridx].cval = gt_get_countervalue(env) - offset +
                                         sextract64(value, 0, 32);
    gt_recalc_timer(arm_env_get_cpu(env), timeridx);
}

static void gt_ctl_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         int timeridx,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    uint32_t oldval = env->cp15.c14_timer[timeridx].ctl;

    trace_arm_gt_ctl_write(timeridx, value);
    env->cp15.c14_timer[timeridx].ctl = deposit64(oldval, 0, 2, value);
    if ((oldval ^ value) & 1) {
        /* Enable toggled */
        gt_recalc_timer(cpu, timeridx);
    } else if ((oldval ^ value) & 2) {
        /* IMASK toggled: don't need to recalculate,
         * just set the interrupt line based on ISTATUS
         */
        int irqstate = (oldval & 4) && !(value & 2);

        trace_arm_gt_imask_toggle(timeridx, irqstate);
        qemu_set_irq(cpu->gt_timer_outputs[timeridx], irqstate);
    }
}

static void gt_phys_timer_reset(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    gt_timer_reset(env, ri, GTIMER_PHYS);
}

static void gt_phys_cval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                               uint64_t value)
{
    gt_cval_write(env, ri, GTIMER_PHYS, value);
}

static uint64_t gt_phys_tval_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return gt_tval_read(env, ri, GTIMER_PHYS);
}

static void gt_phys_tval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                               uint64_t value)
{
    gt_tval_write(env, ri, GTIMER_PHYS, value);
}

static void gt_phys_ctl_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    gt_ctl_write(env, ri, GTIMER_PHYS, value);
}

static void gt_virt_timer_reset(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    gt_timer_reset(env, ri, GTIMER_VIRT);
}

static void gt_virt_cval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                               uint64_t value)
{
    gt_cval_write(env, ri, GTIMER_VIRT, value);
}

static uint64_t gt_virt_tval_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return gt_tval_read(env, ri, GTIMER_VIRT);
}

static void gt_virt_tval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                               uint64_t value)
{
    gt_tval_write(env, ri, GTIMER_VIRT, value);
}

static void gt_virt_ctl_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    gt_ctl_write(env, ri, GTIMER_VIRT, value);
}

static void gt_cntvoff_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    trace_arm_gt_cntvoff_write(value);
    raw_write(env, ri, value);
    gt_recalc_timer(cpu, GTIMER_VIRT);
}

static void gt_hyp_timer_reset(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    gt_timer_reset(env, ri, GTIMER_HYP);
}

static void gt_hyp_cval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    gt_cval_write(env, ri, GTIMER_HYP, value);
}

static uint64_t gt_hyp_tval_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return gt_tval_read(env, ri, GTIMER_HYP);
}

static void gt_hyp_tval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    gt_tval_write(env, ri, GTIMER_HYP, value);
}

static void gt_hyp_ctl_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    gt_ctl_write(env, ri, GTIMER_HYP, value);
}

static void gt_sec_timer_reset(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    gt_timer_reset(env, ri, GTIMER_SEC);
}

static void gt_sec_cval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    gt_cval_write(env, ri, GTIMER_SEC, value);
}

static uint64_t gt_sec_tval_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return gt_tval_read(env, ri, GTIMER_SEC);
}

static void gt_sec_tval_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    gt_tval_write(env, ri, GTIMER_SEC, value);
}

static void gt_sec_ctl_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    gt_ctl_write(env, ri, GTIMER_SEC, value);
}

void arm_gt_ptimer_cb(void *opaque)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = opaque;

    gt_recalc_timer(cpu, GTIMER_PHYS);
}

void arm_gt_vtimer_cb(void *opaque)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = opaque;

    gt_recalc_timer(cpu, GTIMER_VIRT);
}

void arm_gt_htimer_cb(void *opaque)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = opaque;

    gt_recalc_timer(cpu, GTIMER_HYP);
}

void arm_gt_stimer_cb(void *opaque)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = opaque;

    gt_recalc_timer(cpu, GTIMER_SEC);
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo generic_timer_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* Note that CNTFRQ is purely reads-as-written for the benefit
     * of software; writing it doesn't actually change the timer frequency.
     * Our reset value matches the fixed frequency we implement the timer at.
     */
    { .name = "CNTFRQ", .cp = 15, .crn = 14, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R, .accessfn = gt_cntfrq_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_cntfrq),
    },
    { .name = "CNTFRQ_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R, .accessfn = gt_cntfrq_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_cntfrq),
      .resetvalue = (1000 * 1000 * 1000) / GTIMER_SCALE,
    },
    /* overall control: mostly access permissions */
    { .name = "CNTKCTL", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 14, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_cntkctl),
      .resetvalue = 0,
    },
    /* per-timer control */
    { .name = "CNTP_CTL", .cp = 15, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO | ARM_CP_ALIAS, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState,
                                   cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_PHYS].ctl),
      .writefn = gt_phys_ctl_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTP_CTL_S",
      .cp = 15, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_S,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO | ARM_CP_ALIAS, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState,
                                   cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_SEC].ctl),
      .writefn = gt_sec_ctl_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTP_CTL_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_PHYS].ctl),
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = gt_phys_ctl_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTV_CTL", .cp = 15, .crn = 14, .crm = 3, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO | ARM_CP_ALIAS, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_vtimer_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState,
                                   cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_VIRT].ctl),
      .writefn = gt_virt_ctl_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTV_CTL_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_vtimer_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_VIRT].ctl),
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = gt_virt_ctl_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    /* TimerValue views: a 32 bit downcounting view of the underlying state */
    { .name = "CNTP_TVAL", .cp = 15, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access,
      .readfn = gt_phys_tval_read, .writefn = gt_phys_tval_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTP_TVAL_S",
      .cp = 15, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_S,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access,
      .readfn = gt_sec_tval_read, .writefn = gt_sec_tval_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTP_TVAL_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access, .resetfn = gt_phys_timer_reset,
      .readfn = gt_phys_tval_read, .writefn = gt_phys_tval_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTV_TVAL", .cp = 15, .crn = 14, .crm = 3, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_vtimer_access,
      .readfn = gt_virt_tval_read, .writefn = gt_virt_tval_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTV_TVAL_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .accessfn = gt_vtimer_access, .resetfn = gt_virt_timer_reset,
      .readfn = gt_virt_tval_read, .writefn = gt_virt_tval_write,
    },
    /* The counter itself */
    { .name = "CNTPCT", .cp = 15, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO,
      .accessfn = gt_pct_access,
      .readfn = gt_cnt_read, .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore,
    },
    { .name = "CNTPCT_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO,
      .accessfn = gt_pct_access, .readfn = gt_cnt_read,
    },
    { .name = "CNTVCT", .cp = 15, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 1,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO,
      .accessfn = gt_vct_access,
      .readfn = gt_virt_cnt_read, .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore,
    },
    { .name = "CNTVCT_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO,
      .accessfn = gt_vct_access, .readfn = gt_virt_cnt_read,
    },
    /* Comparison value, indicating when the timer goes off */
    { .name = "CNTP_CVAL", .cp = 15, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 2,
      .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS,
      .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_IO | ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_PHYS].cval),
      .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access,
      .writefn = gt_phys_cval_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTP_CVAL_S", .cp = 15, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 2,
      .secure = ARM_CP_SECSTATE_S,
      .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_IO | ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_SEC].cval),
      .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access,
      .writefn = gt_sec_cval_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTP_CVAL_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_PHYS].cval),
      .resetvalue = 0, .accessfn = gt_ptimer_access,
      .writefn = gt_phys_cval_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTV_CVAL", .cp = 15, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 3,
      .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_IO | ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_VIRT].cval),
      .accessfn = gt_vtimer_access,
      .writefn = gt_virt_cval_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTV_CVAL_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 14, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW | PL0_R,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_VIRT].cval),
      .resetvalue = 0, .accessfn = gt_vtimer_access,
      .writefn = gt_virt_cval_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    /* Secure timer -- this is actually restricted to only EL3
     * and configurably Secure-EL1 via the accessfn.
     */
    { .name = "CNTPS_TVAL_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 7, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW,
      .accessfn = gt_stimer_access,
      .readfn = gt_sec_tval_read,
      .writefn = gt_sec_tval_write,
      .resetfn = gt_sec_timer_reset,
    },
    { .name = "CNTPS_CTL_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 7, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW,
      .accessfn = gt_stimer_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_SEC].ctl),
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = gt_sec_ctl_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    { .name = "CNTPS_CVAL_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 7, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL1_RW,
      .accessfn = gt_stimer_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_SEC].cval),
      .writefn = gt_sec_cval_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
    },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

#else
/* In user-mode none of the generic timer registers are accessible,
 * and their implementation depends on QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL and qdev gpio outputs,
 * so instead just don't register any of them.
 */
static const ARMCPRegInfo generic_timer_cp_reginfo[] = {
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

#endif

static void par_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri, uint64_t value)
{
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_LPAE)) {
        raw_write(env, ri, value);
    } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
        raw_write(env, ri, value & 0xfffff6ff);
    } else {
        raw_write(env, ri, value & 0xfffff1ff);
    }
}

#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
/* get_phys_addr() isn't present for user-mode-only targets */

static CPAccessResult ats_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 bool isread)
{
    if (ri->opc2 & 4) {
        /* The ATS12NSO* operations must trap to EL3 if executed in
         * Secure EL1 (which can only happen if EL3 is AArch64).
         * They are simply UNDEF if executed from NS EL1.
         * They function normally from EL2 or EL3.
         */
        if (arm_current_el(env) == 1) {
            if (arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
                return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_UNCATEGORIZED_EL3;
            }
            return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_UNCATEGORIZED;
        }
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static uint64_t do_ats_write(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t value,
                             MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    hwaddr phys_addr;
    target_ulong page_size;
    int prot;
    bool ret;
    uint64_t par64;
    bool format64 = false;
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
    ARMMMUFaultInfo fi = {};
    ARMCacheAttrs cacheattrs = {};

    ret = get_phys_addr(env, value, access_type, mmu_idx, &phys_addr, &attrs,
                        &prot, &page_size, &fi, &cacheattrs);

    if (is_a64(env)) {
        format64 = true;
    } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_LPAE)) {
        /*
         * ATS1Cxx:
         * * TTBCR.EAE determines whether the result is returned using the
         *   32-bit or the 64-bit PAR format
         * * Instructions executed in Hyp mode always use the 64bit format
         *
         * ATS1S2NSOxx uses the 64bit format if any of the following is true:
         * * The Non-secure TTBCR.EAE bit is set to 1
         * * The implementation includes EL2, and the value of HCR.VM is 1
         *
         * ATS1Hx always uses the 64bit format (not supported yet).
         */
        format64 = arm_s1_regime_using_lpae_format(env, mmu_idx);

        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) {
            if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE0 || mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE1) {
                format64 |= env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_VM;
            } else {
                format64 |= arm_current_el(env) == 2;
            }
        }
    }

    if (format64) {
        /* Create a 64-bit PAR */
        par64 = (1 << 11); /* LPAE bit always set */
        if (!ret) {
            par64 |= phys_addr & ~0xfffULL;
            if (!attrs.secure) {
                par64 |= (1 << 9); /* NS */
            }
            par64 |= (uint64_t)cacheattrs.attrs << 56; /* ATTR */
            par64 |= cacheattrs.shareability << 7; /* SH */
        } else {
            uint32_t fsr = arm_fi_to_lfsc(&fi);

            par64 |= 1; /* F */
            par64 |= (fsr & 0x3f) << 1; /* FS */
            /* Note that S2WLK and FSTAGE are always zero, because we don't
             * implement virtualization and therefore there can't be a stage 2
             * fault.
             */
        }
    } else {
        /* fsr is a DFSR/IFSR value for the short descriptor
         * translation table format (with WnR always clear).
         * Convert it to a 32-bit PAR.
         */
        if (!ret) {
            /* We do not set any attribute bits in the PAR */
            if (page_size == (1 << 24)
                && arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
                par64 = (phys_addr & 0xff000000) | (1 << 1);
            } else {
                par64 = phys_addr & 0xfffff000;
            }
            if (!attrs.secure) {
                par64 |= (1 << 9); /* NS */
            }
        } else {
            uint32_t fsr = arm_fi_to_sfsc(&fi);

            par64 = ((fsr & (1 << 10)) >> 5) | ((fsr & (1 << 12)) >> 6) |
                    ((fsr & 0xf) << 1) | 1;
        }
    }
    return par64;
}

static void ats_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri, uint64_t value)
{
    MMUAccessType access_type = ri->opc2 & 1 ? MMU_DATA_STORE : MMU_DATA_LOAD;
    uint64_t par64;
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx;
    int el = arm_current_el(env);
    bool secure = arm_is_secure_below_el3(env);

    switch (ri->opc2 & 6) {
    case 0:
        /* stage 1 current state PL1: ATS1CPR, ATS1CPW */
        switch (el) {
        case 3:
            mmu_idx = ARMMMUIdx_S1E3;
            break;
        case 2:
            mmu_idx = ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE1;
            break;
        case 1:
            mmu_idx = secure ? ARMMMUIdx_S1SE1 : ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE1;
            break;
        default:
            g_assert_not_reached();
        }
        break;
    case 2:
        /* stage 1 current state PL0: ATS1CUR, ATS1CUW */
        switch (el) {
        case 3:
            mmu_idx = ARMMMUIdx_S1SE0;
            break;
        case 2:
            mmu_idx = ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE0;
            break;
        case 1:
            mmu_idx = secure ? ARMMMUIdx_S1SE0 : ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE0;
            break;
        default:
            g_assert_not_reached();
        }
        break;
    case 4:
        /* stage 1+2 NonSecure PL1: ATS12NSOPR, ATS12NSOPW */
        mmu_idx = ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE1;
        break;
    case 6:
        /* stage 1+2 NonSecure PL0: ATS12NSOUR, ATS12NSOUW */
        mmu_idx = ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE0;
        break;
    default:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }

    par64 = do_ats_write(env, value, access_type, mmu_idx);

    A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_SET(env, par, par64);
}

static void ats1h_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                        uint64_t value)
{
    MMUAccessType access_type = ri->opc2 & 1 ? MMU_DATA_STORE : MMU_DATA_LOAD;
    uint64_t par64;

    par64 = do_ats_write(env, value, access_type, ARMMMUIdx_S2NS);

    A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_SET(env, par, par64);
}

static CPAccessResult at_s1e2_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                     bool isread)
{
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 3 && !(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_NS)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static void ats_write64(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                        uint64_t value)
{
    MMUAccessType access_type = ri->opc2 & 1 ? MMU_DATA_STORE : MMU_DATA_LOAD;
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx;
    int secure = arm_is_secure_below_el3(env);

    switch (ri->opc2 & 6) {
    case 0:
        switch (ri->opc1) {
        case 0: /* AT S1E1R, AT S1E1W */
            mmu_idx = secure ? ARMMMUIdx_S1SE1 : ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE1;
            break;
        case 4: /* AT S1E2R, AT S1E2W */
            mmu_idx = ARMMMUIdx_S1E2;
            break;
        case 6: /* AT S1E3R, AT S1E3W */
            mmu_idx = ARMMMUIdx_S1E3;
            break;
        default:
            g_assert_not_reached();
        }
        break;
    case 2: /* AT S1E0R, AT S1E0W */
        mmu_idx = secure ? ARMMMUIdx_S1SE0 : ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE0;
        break;
    case 4: /* AT S12E1R, AT S12E1W */
        mmu_idx = secure ? ARMMMUIdx_S1SE1 : ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE1;
        break;
    case 6: /* AT S12E0R, AT S12E0W */
        mmu_idx = secure ? ARMMMUIdx_S1SE0 : ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE0;
        break;
    default:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }

    env->cp15.par_el[1] = do_ats_write(env, value, access_type, mmu_idx);
}
#endif

static const ARMCPRegInfo vapa_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "PAR", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 4, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.par_s),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.par_ns) },
      .writefn = par_write },
#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
    /* This underdecoding is safe because the reginfo is NO_RAW. */
    { .name = "ATS", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
      .access = PL1_W, .accessfn = ats_access,
      .writefn = ats_write, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
#endif
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

/* Return basic MPU access permission bits.  */
static uint32_t simple_mpu_ap_bits(uint32_t val)
{
    uint32_t ret;
    uint32_t mask;
    int i;
    ret = 0;
    mask = 3;
    for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 2) {
        ret |= (val >> i) & mask;
        mask <<= 2;
    }
    return ret;
}

/* Pad basic MPU access permission bits to extended format.  */
static uint32_t extended_mpu_ap_bits(uint32_t val)
{
    uint32_t ret;
    uint32_t mask;
    int i;
    ret = 0;
    mask = 3;
    for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 2) {
        ret |= (val & mask) << i;
        mask <<= 2;
    }
    return ret;
}

static void pmsav5_data_ap_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 uint64_t value)
{
    env->cp15.pmsav5_data_ap = extended_mpu_ap_bits(value);
}

static uint64_t pmsav5_data_ap_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return simple_mpu_ap_bits(env->cp15.pmsav5_data_ap);
}

static void pmsav5_insn_ap_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 uint64_t value)
{
    env->cp15.pmsav5_insn_ap = extended_mpu_ap_bits(value);
}

static uint64_t pmsav5_insn_ap_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return simple_mpu_ap_bits(env->cp15.pmsav5_insn_ap);
}

static uint64_t pmsav7_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    uint32_t *u32p = *(uint32_t **)raw_ptr(env, ri);

    if (!u32p) {
        return 0;
    }

    u32p += env->pmsav7.rnr[M_REG_NS];
    return *u32p;
}

static void pmsav7_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    uint32_t *u32p = *(uint32_t **)raw_ptr(env, ri);

    if (!u32p) {
        return;
    }

    u32p += env->pmsav7.rnr[M_REG_NS];
    tlb_flush(CPU(cpu)); /* Mappings may have changed - purge! */
    *u32p = value;
}

static void pmsav7_rgnr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    uint32_t nrgs = cpu->pmsav7_dregion;

    if (value >= nrgs) {
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                      "PMSAv7 RGNR write >= # supported regions, %" PRIu32
                      " > %" PRIu32 "\n", (uint32_t)value, nrgs);
        return;
    }

    raw_write(env, ri, value);
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo pmsav7_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* Reset for all these registers is handled in arm_cpu_reset(),
     * because the PMSAv7 is also used by M-profile CPUs, which do
     * not register cpregs but still need the state to be reset.
     */
    { .name = "DRBAR", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .opc1 = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, pmsav7.drbar),
      .readfn = pmsav7_read, .writefn = pmsav7_write,
      .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    { .name = "DRSR", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .opc1 = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, pmsav7.drsr),
      .readfn = pmsav7_read, .writefn = pmsav7_write,
      .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    { .name = "DRACR", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .opc1 = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, pmsav7.dracr),
      .readfn = pmsav7_read, .writefn = pmsav7_write,
      .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    { .name = "RGNR", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .opc1 = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, pmsav7.rnr[M_REG_NS]),
      .writefn = pmsav7_rgnr_write,
      .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo pmsav5_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "DATA_AP", .cp = 15, .crn = 5, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.pmsav5_data_ap),
      .readfn = pmsav5_data_ap_read, .writefn = pmsav5_data_ap_write, },
    { .name = "INSN_AP", .cp = 15, .crn = 5, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.pmsav5_insn_ap),
      .readfn = pmsav5_insn_ap_read, .writefn = pmsav5_insn_ap_write, },
    { .name = "DATA_EXT_AP", .cp = 15, .crn = 5, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.pmsav5_data_ap),
      .resetvalue = 0, },
    { .name = "INSN_EXT_AP", .cp = 15, .crn = 5, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.pmsav5_insn_ap),
      .resetvalue = 0, },
    { .name = "DCACHE_CFG", .cp = 15, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c2_data), .resetvalue = 0, },
    { .name = "ICACHE_CFG", .cp = 15, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c2_insn), .resetvalue = 0, },
    /* Protection region base and size registers */
    { .name = "946_PRBS0", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0,
      .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c6_region[0]) },
    { .name = "946_PRBS1", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 1, .opc1 = 0,
      .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c6_region[1]) },
    { .name = "946_PRBS2", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0,
      .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c6_region[2]) },
    { .name = "946_PRBS3", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 3, .opc1 = 0,
      .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c6_region[3]) },
    { .name = "946_PRBS4", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 4, .opc1 = 0,
      .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c6_region[4]) },
    { .name = "946_PRBS5", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 5, .opc1 = 0,
      .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c6_region[5]) },
    { .name = "946_PRBS6", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 6, .opc1 = 0,
      .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c6_region[6]) },
    { .name = "946_PRBS7", .cp = 15, .crn = 6, .crm = 7, .opc1 = 0,
      .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c6_region[7]) },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static void vmsa_ttbcr_raw_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 uint64_t value)
{
    TCR *tcr = raw_ptr(env, ri);
    int maskshift = extract32(value, 0, 3);

    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_LPAE) && (value & TTBCR_EAE)) {
            /* Pre ARMv8 bits [21:19], [15:14] and [6:3] are UNK/SBZP when
             * using Long-desciptor translation table format */
            value &= ~((7 << 19) | (3 << 14) | (0xf << 3));
        } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
            /* In an implementation that includes the Security Extensions
             * TTBCR has additional fields PD0 [4] and PD1 [5] for
             * Short-descriptor translation table format.
             */
            value &= TTBCR_PD1 | TTBCR_PD0 | TTBCR_N;
        } else {
            value &= TTBCR_N;
        }
    }

    /* Update the masks corresponding to the TCR bank being written
     * Note that we always calculate mask and base_mask, but
     * they are only used for short-descriptor tables (ie if EAE is 0);
     * for long-descriptor tables the TCR fields are used differently
     * and the mask and base_mask values are meaningless.
     */
    tcr->raw_tcr = value;
    tcr->mask = ~(((uint32_t)0xffffffffu) >> maskshift);
    tcr->base_mask = ~((uint32_t)0x3fffu >> maskshift);
}

static void vmsa_ttbcr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                             uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_LPAE)) {
        /* With LPAE the TTBCR could result in a change of ASID
         * via the TTBCR.A1 bit, so do a TLB flush.
         */
        tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
    }
    vmsa_ttbcr_raw_write(env, ri, value);
}

static void vmsa_ttbcr_reset(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    TCR *tcr = raw_ptr(env, ri);

    /* Reset both the TCR as well as the masks corresponding to the bank of
     * the TCR being reset.
     */
    tcr->raw_tcr = 0;
    tcr->mask = 0;
    tcr->base_mask = 0xffffc000u;
}

static void vmsa_tcr_el1_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                               uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    TCR *tcr = raw_ptr(env, ri);

    /* For AArch64 the A1 bit could result in a change of ASID, so TLB flush. */
    tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
    tcr->raw_tcr = value;
}

static void vmsa_ttbr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    /* 64 bit accesses to the TTBRs can change the ASID and so we
     * must flush the TLB.
     */
    if (cpreg_field_is_64bit(ri)) {
        ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

        tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
    }
    raw_write(env, ri, value);
}

static void vttbr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                        uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);

    /* Accesses to VTTBR may change the VMID so we must flush the TLB.  */
    if (raw_read(env, ri) != value) {
        tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs,
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0 |
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
        raw_write(env, ri, value);
    }
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo vmsa_pmsa_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "DFSR", .cp = 15, .crn = 5, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.dfsr_s),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.dfsr_ns) }, },
    { .name = "IFSR", .cp = 15, .crn = 5, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.ifsr_s),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.ifsr_ns) } },
    { .name = "DFAR", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.dfar_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.dfar_ns) } },
    { .name = "FAR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.far_el[1]),
      .resetvalue = 0, },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo vmsa_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "ESR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .crn = 5, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.esr_el[1]), .resetvalue = 0, },
    { .name = "TTBR0_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .writefn = vmsa_ttbr_write, .resetvalue = 0,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr0_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr0_ns) } },
    { .name = "TTBR1_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .writefn = vmsa_ttbr_write, .resetvalue = 0,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr1_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr1_ns) } },
    { .name = "TCR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW, .writefn = vmsa_tcr_el1_write,
      .resetfn = vmsa_ttbcr_reset, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.tcr_el[1]) },
    { .name = "TTBCR", .cp = 15, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS, .writefn = vmsa_ttbcr_write,
      .raw_writefn = vmsa_ttbcr_raw_write,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.tcr_el[3]),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.tcr_el[1])} },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static void omap_ticonfig_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                uint64_t value)
{
    env->cp15.c15_ticonfig = value & 0xe7;
    /* The OS_TYPE bit in this register changes the reported CPUID! */
    env->cp15.c0_cpuid = (value & (1 << 5)) ?
        ARM_CPUID_TI915T : ARM_CPUID_TI925T;
}

static void omap_threadid_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                uint64_t value)
{
    env->cp15.c15_threadid = value & 0xffff;
}

static void omap_wfi_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                           uint64_t value)
{
    /* Wait-for-interrupt (deprecated) */
    cpu_interrupt(CPU(arm_env_get_cpu(env)), CPU_INTERRUPT_HALT);
}

static void omap_cachemaint_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                  uint64_t value)
{
    /* On OMAP there are registers indicating the max/min index of dcache lines
     * containing a dirty line; cache flush operations have to reset these.
     */
    env->cp15.c15_i_max = 0x000;
    env->cp15.c15_i_min = 0xff0;
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo omap_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "DFSR", .cp = 15, .crn = 5, .crm = CP_ANY,
      .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_OVERRIDE,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.esr_el[1]),
      .resetvalue = 0, },
    { .name = "", .cp = 15, .crn = 15, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "TICONFIG", .cp = 15, .crn = 15, .crm = 1, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c15_ticonfig), .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = omap_ticonfig_write },
    { .name = "IMAX", .cp = 15, .crn = 15, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c15_i_max), .resetvalue = 0, },
    { .name = "IMIN", .cp = 15, .crn = 15, .crm = 3, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0xff0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c15_i_min) },
    { .name = "THREADID", .cp = 15, .crn = 15, .crm = 4, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c15_threadid), .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = omap_threadid_write },
    { .name = "TI925T_STATUS", .cp = 15, .crn = 15,
      .crm = 8, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0, .access = PL1_RW,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .readfn = arm_cp_read_zero, .writefn = omap_wfi_write, },
    /* TODO: Peripheral port remap register:
     * On OMAP2 mcr p15, 0, rn, c15, c2, 4 sets up the interrupt controller
     * base address at $rn & ~0xfff and map size of 0x200 << ($rn & 0xfff),
     * when MMU is off.
     */
    { .name = "OMAP_CACHEMAINT", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = CP_ANY,
      .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_W,
      .type = ARM_CP_OVERRIDE | ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = omap_cachemaint_write },
    { .name = "C9", .cp = 15, .crn = 9,
      .crm = CP_ANY, .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_RW,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_OVERRIDE, .resetvalue = 0 },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static void xscale_cpar_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                              uint64_t value)
{
    env->cp15.c15_cpar = value & 0x3fff;
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo xscale_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "XSCALE_CPAR",
      .cp = 15, .crn = 15, .crm = 1, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0, .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c15_cpar), .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = xscale_cpar_write, },
    { .name = "XSCALE_AUXCR",
      .cp = 15, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1, .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c1_xscaleauxcr),
      .resetvalue = 0, },
    /* XScale specific cache-lockdown: since we have no cache we NOP these
     * and hope the guest does not really rely on cache behaviour.
     */
    { .name = "XSCALE_LOCK_ICACHE_LINE",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 9, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "XSCALE_UNLOCK_ICACHE",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 9, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "XSCALE_DCACHE_LOCK",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 9, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "XSCALE_UNLOCK_DCACHE",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 9, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo dummy_c15_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* RAZ/WI the whole crn=15 space, when we don't have a more specific
     * implementation of this implementation-defined space.
     * Ideally this should eventually disappear in favour of actually
     * implementing the correct behaviour for all cores.
     */
    { .name = "C15_IMPDEF", .cp = 15, .crn = 15,
      .crm = CP_ANY, .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_OVERRIDE,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo cache_dirty_status_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* Cache status: RAZ because we have no cache so it's always clean */
    { .name = "CDSR", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 10, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 6,
      .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo cache_block_ops_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* We never have a a block transfer operation in progress */
    { .name = "BXSR", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* The cache ops themselves: these all NOP for QEMU */
    { .name = "IICR", .cp = 15, .crm = 5, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP|ARM_CP_64BIT },
    { .name = "IDCR", .cp = 15, .crm = 6, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP|ARM_CP_64BIT },
    { .name = "CDCR", .cp = 15, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP|ARM_CP_64BIT },
    { .name = "PIR", .cp = 15, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 1,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP|ARM_CP_64BIT },
    { .name = "PDR", .cp = 15, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 2,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP|ARM_CP_64BIT },
    { .name = "CIDCR", .cp = 15, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP|ARM_CP_64BIT },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo cache_test_clean_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* The cache test-and-clean instructions always return (1 << 30)
     * to indicate that there are no dirty cache lines.
     */
    { .name = "TC_DCACHE", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 10, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .resetvalue = (1 << 30) },
    { .name = "TCI_DCACHE", .cp = 15, .crn = 7, .crm = 14, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .resetvalue = (1 << 30) },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo strongarm_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* Ignore ReadBuffer accesses */
    { .name = "C9_READBUFFER", .cp = 15, .crn = 9,
      .crm = CP_ANY, .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
      .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_OVERRIDE | ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static uint64_t midr_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    unsigned int cur_el = arm_current_el(env);
    bool secure = arm_is_secure(env);

    if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) && !secure && cur_el == 1) {
        return env->cp15.vpidr_el2;
    }
    return raw_read(env, ri);
}

static uint64_t mpidr_read_val(CPUARMState *env)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(arm_env_get_cpu(env));
    uint64_t mpidr = cpu->mp_affinity;

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7MP)) {
        mpidr |= (1U << 31);
        /* Cores which are uniprocessor (non-coherent)
         * but still implement the MP extensions set
         * bit 30. (For instance, Cortex-R5).
         */
        if (cpu->mp_is_up) {
            mpidr |= (1u << 30);
        }
    }
    return mpidr;
}

static uint64_t mpidr_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    unsigned int cur_el = arm_current_el(env);
    bool secure = arm_is_secure(env);

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) && !secure && cur_el == 1) {
        return env->cp15.vmpidr_el2;
    }
    return mpidr_read_val(env);
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo mpidr_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "MPIDR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL1_R, .readfn = mpidr_read, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo lpae_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* NOP AMAIR0/1 */
    { .name = "AMAIR0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .crn = 10, .crm = 3, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* AMAIR1 is mapped to AMAIR_EL1[63:32] */
    { .name = "AMAIR1", .cp = 15, .crn = 10, .crm = 3, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "PAR", .cp = 15, .crm = 7, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT, .resetvalue = 0,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.par_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.par_ns)} },
    { .name = "TTBR0", .cp = 15, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr0_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr0_ns) },
      .writefn = vmsa_ttbr_write, },
    { .name = "TTBR1", .cp = 15, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr1_s),
                             offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr1_ns) },
      .writefn = vmsa_ttbr_write, },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static uint64_t aa64_fpcr_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return vfp_get_fpcr(env);
}

static void aa64_fpcr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    vfp_set_fpcr(env, value);
}

static uint64_t aa64_fpsr_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return vfp_get_fpsr(env);
}

static void aa64_fpsr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    vfp_set_fpsr(env, value);
}

static CPAccessResult aa64_daif_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                       bool isread)
{
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_UMA)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static void aa64_daif_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                            uint64_t value)
{
    env->daif = value & PSTATE_DAIF;
}

static CPAccessResult aa64_cacheop_access(CPUARMState *env,
                                          const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                          bool isread)
{
    /* Cache invalidate/clean: NOP, but EL0 must UNDEF unless
     * SCTLR_EL1.UCI is set.
     */
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_UCI)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

/* See: D4.7.2 TLB maintenance requirements and the TLB maintenance instructions
 * Page D4-1736 (DDI0487A.b)
 */

static void tlbi_aa64_vmalle1_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    if (arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs,
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE1 |
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE0);
    } else {
        tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs,
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0);
    }
}

static void tlbi_aa64_vmalle1is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                      uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    bool sec = arm_is_secure_below_el3(env);

    if (sec) {
        tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs,
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE1 |
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE0);
    } else {
        tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs,
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0);
    }
}

static void tlbi_aa64_alle1_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                  uint64_t value)
{
    /* Note that the 'ALL' scope must invalidate both stage 1 and
     * stage 2 translations, whereas most other scopes only invalidate
     * stage 1 translations.
     */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);

    if (arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs,
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE1 |
                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE0);
    } else {
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) {
            tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs,
                                ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                                ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0 |
                                ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
        } else {
            tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs,
                                ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                                ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0);
        }
    }
}

static void tlbi_aa64_alle2_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                  uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);

    tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E2);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_alle3_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                  uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);

    tlb_flush_by_mmuidx(cs, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E3);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_alle1is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    uint64_t value)
{
    /* Note that the 'ALL' scope must invalidate both stage 1 and
     * stage 2 translations, whereas most other scopes only invalidate
     * stage 1 translations.
     */
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    bool sec = arm_is_secure_below_el3(env);
    bool has_el2 = arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2);

    if (sec) {
        tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs,
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE1 |
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE0);
    } else if (has_el2) {
        tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs,
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0 |
                                            ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
    } else {
          tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs,
                                              ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                                              ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0);
    }
}

static void tlbi_aa64_alle2is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E2);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_alle3is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);

    tlb_flush_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E3);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_vae1_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate by VA, EL1&0 (AArch64 version).
     * Currently handles all of VAE1, VAAE1, VAALE1 and VALE1,
     * since we don't support flush-for-specific-ASID-only or
     * flush-last-level-only.
     */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    uint64_t pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 56);

    if (arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx(cs, pageaddr,
                                 ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE1 |
                                 ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE0);
    } else {
        tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx(cs, pageaddr,
                                 ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                                 ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0);
    }
}

static void tlbi_aa64_vae2_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate by VA, EL2
     * Currently handles both VAE2 and VALE2, since we don't support
     * flush-last-level-only.
     */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    uint64_t pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 56);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx(cs, pageaddr, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E2);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_vae3_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                 uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate by VA, EL3
     * Currently handles both VAE3 and VALE3, since we don't support
     * flush-last-level-only.
     */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    uint64_t pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 56);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx(cs, pageaddr, ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E3);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_vae1is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                   uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    bool sec = arm_is_secure_below_el3(env);
    uint64_t pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 56);

    if (sec) {
        tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, pageaddr,
                                                 ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE1 |
                                                 ARMMMUIdxBit_S1SE0);
    } else {
        tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, pageaddr,
                                                 ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE1 |
                                                 ARMMMUIdxBit_S12NSE0);
    }
}

static void tlbi_aa64_vae2is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                   uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    uint64_t pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 56);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, pageaddr,
                                             ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E2);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_vae3is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                   uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    uint64_t pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 56);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, pageaddr,
                                             ARMMMUIdxBit_S1E3);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_ipas2e1_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    uint64_t value)
{
    /* Invalidate by IPA. This has to invalidate any structures that
     * contain only stage 2 translation information, but does not need
     * to apply to structures that contain combined stage 1 and stage 2
     * translation information.
     * This must NOP if EL2 isn't implemented or SCR_EL3.NS is zero.
     */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    uint64_t pageaddr;

    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) || !(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_NS)) {
        return;
    }

    pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 48);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx(cs, pageaddr, ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
}

static void tlbi_aa64_ipas2e1is_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                      uint64_t value)
{
    CPUState *cs = ENV_GET_CPU(env);
    uint64_t pageaddr;

    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) || !(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_NS)) {
        return;
    }

    pageaddr = sextract64(value << 12, 0, 48);

    tlb_flush_page_by_mmuidx_all_cpus_synced(cs, pageaddr,
                                             ARMMMUIdxBit_S2NS);
}

static CPAccessResult aa64_zva_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                      bool isread)
{
    /* We don't implement EL2, so the only control on DC ZVA is the
     * bit in the SCTLR which can prohibit access for EL0.
     */
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_DZE)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static uint64_t aa64_dczid_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    int dzp_bit = 1 << 4;

    /* DZP indicates whether DC ZVA access is allowed */
    if (aa64_zva_access(env, NULL, false) == CP_ACCESS_OK) {
        dzp_bit = 0;
    }
    return cpu->dcz_blocksize | dzp_bit;
}

static CPAccessResult sp_el0_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                    bool isread)
{
    if (!(env->pstate & PSTATE_SP)) {
        /* Access to SP_EL0 is undefined if it's being used as
         * the stack pointer.
         */
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_UNCATEGORIZED;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static uint64_t spsel_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    return env->pstate & PSTATE_SP;
}

static void spsel_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri, uint64_t val)
{
    update_spsel(env, val);
}

static void sctlr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                        uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    if (raw_read(env, ri) == value) {
        /* Skip the TLB flush if nothing actually changed; Linux likes
         * to do a lot of pointless SCTLR writes.
         */
        return;
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_PMSA) && !cpu->has_mpu) {
        /* M bit is RAZ/WI for PMSA with no MPU implemented */
        value &= ~SCTLR_M;
    }

    raw_write(env, ri, value);
    /* ??? Lots of these bits are not implemented.  */
    /* This may enable/disable the MMU, so do a TLB flush.  */
    tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
}

static CPAccessResult fpexc32_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                     bool isread)
{
    if ((env->cp15.cptr_el[2] & CPTR_TFP) && arm_current_el(env) == 2) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_FP_EL2;
    }
    if (env->cp15.cptr_el[3] & CPTR_TFP) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_FP_EL3;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static void sdcr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                       uint64_t value)
{
    env->cp15.mdcr_el3 = value & SDCR_VALID_MASK;
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo v8_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* Minimal set of EL0-visible registers. This will need to be expanded
     * significantly for system emulation of AArch64 CPUs.
     */
    { .name = "NZCV", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .opc2 = 0, .crn = 4, .crm = 2,
      .access = PL0_RW, .type = ARM_CP_NZCV },
    { .name = "DAIF", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .opc2 = 1, .crn = 4, .crm = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .access = PL0_RW, .accessfn = aa64_daif_access,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, daif),
      .writefn = aa64_daif_write, .resetfn = arm_cp_reset_ignore },
    { .name = "FPCR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .opc2 = 0, .crn = 4, .crm = 4,
      .access = PL0_RW, .type = ARM_CP_FPU | ARM_CP_SUPPRESS_TB_END,
      .readfn = aa64_fpcr_read, .writefn = aa64_fpcr_write },
    { .name = "FPSR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .opc2 = 1, .crn = 4, .crm = 4,
      .access = PL0_RW, .type = ARM_CP_FPU | ARM_CP_SUPPRESS_TB_END,
      .readfn = aa64_fpsr_read, .writefn = aa64_fpsr_write },
    { .name = "DCZID_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .opc2 = 7, .crn = 0, .crm = 0,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .readfn = aa64_dczid_read },
    { .name = "DC_ZVA", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 7, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_DC_ZVA,
#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
      /* Avoid overhead of an access check that always passes in user-mode */
      .accessfn = aa64_zva_access,
#endif
    },
    { .name = "CURRENTEL", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2, .crn = 4, .crm = 2,
      .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CURRENTEL },
    /* Cache ops: all NOPs since we don't emulate caches */
    { .name = "IC_IALLUIS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "IC_IALLU", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "IC_IVAU", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 7, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP,
      .accessfn = aa64_cacheop_access },
    { .name = "DC_IVAC", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "DC_ISW", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "DC_CVAC", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 7, .crm = 10, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP,
      .accessfn = aa64_cacheop_access },
    { .name = "DC_CSW", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 10, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    { .name = "DC_CVAU", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 7, .crm = 11, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP,
      .accessfn = aa64_cacheop_access },
    { .name = "DC_CIVAC", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 7, .crm = 14, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL0_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP,
      .accessfn = aa64_cacheop_access },
    { .name = "DC_CISW", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 14, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    /* TLBI operations */
    { .name = "TLBI_VMALLE1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vmalle1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAE1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_ASIDE1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vmalle1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAAE1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VALE1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAALE1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 7,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VMALLE1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vmalle1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAE1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_ASIDE1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vmalle1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAAE1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VALE1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAALE1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 7,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_IPAS2E1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_ipas2e1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_IPAS2LE1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_ipas2e1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_ALLE1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_alle1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VMALLS12E1IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 6,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_alle1is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_IPAS2E1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_ipas2e1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_IPAS2LE1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_ipas2e1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_ALLE1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_alle1_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VMALLS12E1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 6,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_alle1is_write },
#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
    /* 64 bit address translation operations */
    { .name = "AT_S1E1R", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S1E1W", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S1E0R", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S1E0W", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S12E1R", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S12E1W", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S12E0R", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 6,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S12E0W", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 7,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    /* AT S1E2* are elsewhere as they UNDEF from EL3 if EL2 is not present */
    { .name = "AT_S1E3R", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S1E3W", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL3_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "PAR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.par_el[1]),
      .writefn = par_write },
#endif
    /* TLB invalidate last level of translation table walk */
    { .name = "TLBIMVALIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 5,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimva_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAALIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 7,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W,
      .writefn = tlbimvaa_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAL", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 5,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimva_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAAL", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 7,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL1_W, .writefn = tlbimvaa_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVALH", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 5,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbimva_hyp_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVALHIS",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 5,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbimva_hyp_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIIPAS2",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbiipas2_write },
    { .name = "TLBIIPAS2IS",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbiipas2_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIIPAS2L",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 5,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbiipas2_write },
    { .name = "TLBIIPAS2LIS",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 5,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbiipas2_is_write },
    /* 32 bit cache operations */
    { .name = "ICIALLUIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "BPIALLUIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 6,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "ICIALLU", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "ICIMVAU", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "BPIALL", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 6,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "BPIMVA", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 7,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "DCIMVAC", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "DCISW", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "DCCMVAC", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 10, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "DCCSW", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 10, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "DCCMVAU", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 11, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "DCCIMVAC", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 14, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    { .name = "DCCISW", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 7, .crm = 14, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP, .access = PL1_W },
    /* MMU Domain access control / MPU write buffer control */
    { .name = "DACR", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 3, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = dacr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
      .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.dacr_s),
                             offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.dacr_ns) } },
    { .name = "ELR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 4, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, elr_el[1]) },
    { .name = "SPSR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 4, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, banked_spsr[BANK_SVC]) },
    /* We rely on the access checks not allowing the guest to write to the
     * state field when SPSel indicates that it's being used as the stack
     * pointer.
     */
    { .name = "SP_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 4, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = sp_el0_access,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, sp_el[0]) },
    { .name = "SP_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 4, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, sp_el[1]) },
    { .name = "SPSel", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 4, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .access = PL1_RW, .readfn = spsel_read, .writefn = spsel_write },
    { .name = "FPEXC32_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 5, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPEXC]),
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = fpexc32_access },
    { .name = "DACR32_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 3, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = dacr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.dacr32_el2) },
    { .name = "IFSR32_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 5, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ifsr32_el2) },
    { .name = "SPSR_IRQ", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 4, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, banked_spsr[BANK_IRQ]) },
    { .name = "SPSR_ABT", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 4, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, banked_spsr[BANK_ABT]) },
    { .name = "SPSR_UND", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 4, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, banked_spsr[BANK_UND]) },
    { .name = "SPSR_FIQ", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 4, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, banked_spsr[BANK_FIQ]) },
    { .name = "MDCR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 1, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mdcr_el3) },
    { .name = "SDCR", .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_trap_aa32s_el1,
      .writefn = sdcr_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.mdcr_el3) },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

/* Used to describe the behaviour of EL2 regs when EL2 does not exist.  */
static const ARMCPRegInfo el3_no_el2_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "VBAR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 12, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .readfn = arm_cp_read_zero, .writefn = arm_cp_write_ignore },
    { .name = "HCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .readfn = arm_cp_read_zero, .writefn = arm_cp_write_ignore },
    { .name = "CPTR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "MAIR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 10, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "HMAIR1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .opc1 = 4, .crn = 10, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "AMAIR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 10, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "HMAIR1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .opc1 = 4, .crn = 10, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "AFSR0_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 5, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "AFSR1_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 5, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "TCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "VTCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns_aa64any,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "VTTBR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 6, .crm = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST | ARM_CP_64BIT, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "VTTBR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "SCTLR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "TPIDR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "TTBR0_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "HTTBR", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crm = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "CNTHCTL_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "CNTVOFF_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "CNTVOFF", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crm = 14,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "CNTHP_CVAL_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "CNTHP_CVAL", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 6, .crm = 14,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "CNTHP_TVAL_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "CNTHP_CTL_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "MDCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "HPFAR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns_aa64any,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "HSTR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static void hcr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri, uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    uint64_t valid_mask = HCR_MASK;

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
        valid_mask &= ~HCR_HCD;
    } else if (cpu->psci_conduit != QEMU_PSCI_CONDUIT_SMC) {
        /* Architecturally HCR.TSC is RES0 if EL3 is not implemented.
         * However, if we're using the SMC PSCI conduit then QEMU is
         * effectively acting like EL3 firmware and so the guest at
         * EL2 should retain the ability to prevent EL1 from being
         * able to make SMC calls into the ersatz firmware, so in
         * that case HCR.TSC should be read/write.
         */
        valid_mask &= ~HCR_TSC;
    }

    /* Clear RES0 bits.  */
    value &= valid_mask;

    /* These bits change the MMU setup:
     * HCR_VM enables stage 2 translation
     * HCR_PTW forbids certain page-table setups
     * HCR_DC Disables stage1 and enables stage2 translation
     */
    if ((raw_read(env, ri) ^ value) & (HCR_VM | HCR_PTW | HCR_DC)) {
        tlb_flush(CPU(cpu));
    }
    raw_write(env, ri, value);
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo el2_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "HCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.hcr_el2),
      .writefn = hcr_write },
    { .name = "ELR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 4, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, elr_el[2]) },
    { .name = "ESR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 5, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.esr_el[2]) },
    { .name = "FAR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.far_el[2]) },
    { .name = "SPSR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 4, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, banked_spsr[BANK_HYP]) },
    { .name = "VBAR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 12, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .writefn = vbar_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vbar_el[2]),
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "SP_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 4, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, sp_el[2]) },
    { .name = "CPTR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = cptr_access, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.cptr_el[2]) },
    { .name = "MAIR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 10, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mair_el[2]),
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "HMAIR1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .opc1 = 4, .crn = 10, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetofhigh32(CPUARMState, cp15.mair_el[2]) },
    { .name = "AMAIR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 10, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* HAMAIR1 is mapped to AMAIR_EL2[63:32] */
    { .name = "HMAIR1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .opc1 = 4, .crn = 10, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "AFSR0_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 5, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "AFSR1_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 5, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "TCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      /* no .writefn needed as this can't cause an ASID change;
       * no .raw_writefn or .resetfn needed as we never use mask/base_mask
       */
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.tcr_el[2]) },
    { .name = "VTCR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vtcr_el2) },
    { .name = "VTCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      /* no .writefn needed as this can't cause an ASID change;
       * no .raw_writefn or .resetfn needed as we never use mask/base_mask
       */
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vtcr_el2) },
    { .name = "VTTBR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 6, .crm = 2,
      .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vttbr_el2),
      .writefn = vttbr_write },
    { .name = "VTTBR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .writefn = vttbr_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vttbr_el2) },
    { .name = "SCTLR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .raw_writefn = raw_write, .writefn = sctlr_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.sctlr_el[2]) },
    { .name = "TPIDR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidr_el[2]) },
    { .name = "TTBR0_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr0_el[2]) },
    { .name = "HTTBR", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crm = 2,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr0_el[2]) },
    { .name = "TLBIALLNSNH",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 4,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbiall_nsnh_write },
    { .name = "TLBIALLNSNHIS",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 4,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbiall_nsnh_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIALLH", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbiall_hyp_write },
    { .name = "TLBIALLHIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbiall_hyp_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAH", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbimva_hyp_write },
    { .name = "TLBIMVAHIS", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbimva_hyp_is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_ALLE2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_alle2_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAE2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae2_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VALE2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae2_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_ALLE2IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_alle2is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAE2IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae2is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VALE2IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL2_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae2is_write },
#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
    /* Unlike the other EL2-related AT operations, these must
     * UNDEF from EL3 if EL2 is not implemented, which is why we
     * define them here rather than with the rest of the AT ops.
     */
    { .name = "AT_S1E2R", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_W, .accessfn = at_s1e2_access,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    { .name = "AT_S1E2W", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_W, .accessfn = at_s1e2_access,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .writefn = ats_write64 },
    /* The AArch32 ATS1H* operations are CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE
     * if EL2 is not implemented; we choose to UNDEF. Behaviour at EL3
     * with SCR.NS == 0 outside Monitor mode is UNPREDICTABLE; we choose
     * to behave as if SCR.NS was 1.
     */
    { .name = "ATS1HR", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = ats1h_write, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    { .name = "ATS1HW", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 7, .crm = 8, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_W,
      .writefn = ats1h_write, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW },
    { .name = "CNTHCTL_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      /* ARMv7 requires bit 0 and 1 to reset to 1. ARMv8 defines the
       * reset values as IMPDEF. We choose to reset to 3 to comply with
       * both ARMv7 and ARMv8.
       */
      .access = PL2_RW, .resetvalue = 3,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.cnthctl_el2) },
    { .name = "CNTVOFF_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_IO, .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = gt_cntvoff_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.cntvoff_el2) },
    { .name = "CNTVOFF", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crm = 14,
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_ALIAS | ARM_CP_IO,
      .writefn = gt_cntvoff_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.cntvoff_el2) },
    { .name = "CNTHP_CVAL_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 2,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_HYP].cval),
      .type = ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL2_RW,
      .writefn = gt_hyp_cval_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    { .name = "CNTHP_CVAL", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 6, .crm = 14,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_HYP].cval),
      .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_64BIT | ARM_CP_IO,
      .writefn = gt_hyp_cval_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write },
    { .name = "CNTHP_TVAL_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW | ARM_CP_IO, .access = PL2_RW,
      .resetfn = gt_hyp_timer_reset,
      .readfn = gt_hyp_tval_read, .writefn = gt_hyp_tval_write },
    { .name = "CNTHP_CTL_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .type = ARM_CP_IO,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 14, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c14_timer[GTIMER_HYP].ctl),
      .resetvalue = 0,
      .writefn = gt_hyp_ctl_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write },
#endif
    /* The only field of MDCR_EL2 that has a defined architectural reset value
     * is MDCR_EL2.HPMN which should reset to the value of PMCR_EL0.N; but we
     * don't impelment any PMU event counters, so using zero as a reset
     * value for MDCR_EL2 is okay
     */
    { .name = "MDCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL2_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mdcr_el2), },
    { .name = "HPFAR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.hpfar_el2) },
    { .name = "HPFAR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.hpfar_el2) },
    { .name = "HSTR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .cp = 15, .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 3,
      .access = PL2_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.hstr_el2) },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static CPAccessResult nsacr_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                   bool isread)
{
    /* The NSACR is RW at EL3, and RO for NS EL1 and NS EL2.
     * At Secure EL1 it traps to EL3.
     */
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 3) {
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    }
    if (arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_EL3;
    }
    /* Accesses from EL1 NS and EL2 NS are UNDEF for write but allow reads. */
    if (isread) {
        return CP_ACCESS_OK;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_TRAP_UNCATEGORIZED;
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo el3_cp_reginfo[] = {
    { .name = "SCR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.scr_el3),
      .resetvalue = 0, .writefn = scr_write },
    { .name = "SCR",  .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_trap_aa32s_el1,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.scr_el3),
      .writefn = scr_write },
    { .name = "SDER32_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL3_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.sder) },
    { .name = "SDER",
      .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL3_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.sder) },
    { .name = "MVBAR", .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 12, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_trap_aa32s_el1,
      .writefn = vbar_write, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mvbar) },
    { .name = "TTBR0_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .writefn = vmsa_ttbr_write, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.ttbr0_el[3]) },
    { .name = "TCR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL3_RW,
      /* no .writefn needed as this can't cause an ASID change;
       * we must provide a .raw_writefn and .resetfn because we handle
       * reset and migration for the AArch32 TTBCR(S), which might be
       * using mask and base_mask.
       */
      .resetfn = vmsa_ttbcr_reset, .raw_writefn = vmsa_ttbcr_raw_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.tcr_el[3]) },
    { .name = "ELR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 4, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL3_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, elr_el[3]) },
    { .name = "ESR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 5, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.esr_el[3]) },
    { .name = "FAR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 6, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.far_el[3]) },
    { .name = "SPSR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 4, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, banked_spsr[BANK_MON]) },
    { .name = "VBAR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 12, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .writefn = vbar_write,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vbar_el[3]),
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "CPTR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL3_RW, .accessfn = cptr_access, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.cptr_el[3]) },
    { .name = "TPIDR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 13, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL3_RW, .resetvalue = 0,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.tpidr_el[3]) },
    { .name = "AMAIR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 10, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "AFSR0_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 5, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "AFSR1_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 5, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL3_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "TLBI_ALLE3IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_alle3is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAE3IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL3_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae3is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VALE3IS", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 8, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL3_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae3is_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_ALLE3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL3_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_alle3_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VAE3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 1,
      .access = PL3_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae3_write },
    { .name = "TLBI_VALE3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 1, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 8, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 5,
      .access = PL3_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .writefn = tlbi_aa64_vae3_write },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static CPAccessResult ctr_el0_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                     bool isread)
{
    /* Only accessible in EL0 if SCTLR.UCT is set (and only in AArch64,
     * but the AArch32 CTR has its own reginfo struct)
     */
    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_UCT)) {
        return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
    }
    return CP_ACCESS_OK;
}

static void oslar_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                        uint64_t value)
{
    /* Writes to OSLAR_EL1 may update the OS lock status, which can be
     * read via a bit in OSLSR_EL1.
     */
    int oslock;

    if (ri->state == ARM_CP_STATE_AA32) {
        oslock = (value == 0xC5ACCE55);
    } else {
        oslock = value & 1;
    }

    env->cp15.oslsr_el1 = deposit32(env->cp15.oslsr_el1, 1, 1, oslock);
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo debug_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* DBGDRAR, DBGDSAR: always RAZ since we don't implement memory mapped
     * debug components. The AArch64 version of DBGDRAR is named MDRAR_EL1;
     * unlike DBGDRAR it is never accessible from EL0.
     * DBGDSAR is deprecated and must RAZ from v8 anyway, so it has no AArch64
     * accessor.
     */
    { .name = "DBGDRAR", .cp = 14, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL0_R, .accessfn = access_tdra,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "MDRAR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_R, .accessfn = access_tdra,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "DBGDSAR", .cp = 14, .crn = 2, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL0_R, .accessfn = access_tdra,
      .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* Monitor debug system control register; the 32-bit alias is DBGDSCRext. */
    { .name = "MDSCR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 2,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mdscr_el1),
      .resetvalue = 0 },
    /* MDCCSR_EL0, aka DBGDSCRint. This is a read-only mirror of MDSCR_EL1.
     * We don't implement the configurable EL0 access.
     */
    { .name = "MDCCSR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
      .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
      .access = PL1_R, .accessfn = access_tda,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.mdscr_el1), },
    { .name = "OSLAR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL1_W, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
      .accessfn = access_tdosa,
      .writefn = oslar_write },
    { .name = "OSLSR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL1_R, .resetvalue = 10,
      .accessfn = access_tdosa,
      .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.oslsr_el1) },
    /* Dummy OSDLR_EL1: 32-bit Linux will read this */
    { .name = "OSDLR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 4,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tdosa,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    /* Dummy DBGVCR: Linux wants to clear this on startup, but we don't
     * implement vector catch debug events yet.
     */
    { .name = "DBGVCR",
      .cp = 14, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    /* Dummy DBGVCR32_EL2 (which is only for a 64-bit hypervisor
     * to save and restore a 32-bit guest's DBGVCR)
     */
    { .name = "DBGVCR32_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
      .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    /* Dummy MDCCINT_EL1, since we don't implement the Debug Communications
     * Channel but Linux may try to access this register. The 32-bit
     * alias is DBGDCCINT.
     */
    { .name = "MDCCINT_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
      .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
      .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
      .type = ARM_CP_NOP },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo debug_lpae_cp_reginfo[] = {
    /* 64 bit access versions of the (dummy) debug registers */
    { .name = "DBGDRAR", .cp = 14, .crm = 1, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST|ARM_CP_64BIT, .resetvalue = 0 },
    { .name = "DBGDSAR", .cp = 14, .crm = 2, .opc1 = 0,
      .access = PL0_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST|ARM_CP_64BIT, .resetvalue = 0 },
    REGINFO_SENTINEL
};

/* Return the exception level to which SVE-disabled exceptions should
 * be taken, or 0 if SVE is enabled.
 */
static int sve_exception_el(CPUARMState *env)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
    unsigned current_el = arm_current_el(env);

    /* The CPACR.ZEN controls traps to EL1:
     * 0, 2 : trap EL0 and EL1 accesses
     * 1    : trap only EL0 accesses
     * 3    : trap no accesses
     */
    switch (extract32(env->cp15.cpacr_el1, 16, 2)) {
    default:
        if (current_el <= 1) {
            /* Trap to PL1, which might be EL1 or EL3 */
            if (arm_is_secure(env) && !arm_el_is_aa64(env, 3)) {
                return 3;
            }
            return 1;
        }
        break;
    case 1:
        if (current_el == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
        break;
    case 3:
        break;
    }

    /* Similarly for CPACR.FPEN, after having checked ZEN.  */
    switch (extract32(env->cp15.cpacr_el1, 20, 2)) {
    default:
        if (current_el <= 1) {
            if (arm_is_secure(env) && !arm_el_is_aa64(env, 3)) {
                return 3;
            }
            return 1;
        }
        break;
    case 1:
        if (current_el == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
        break;
    case 3:
        break;
    }

    /* CPTR_EL2.  Check both TZ and TFP.  */
    if (current_el <= 2
        && (env->cp15.cptr_el[2] & (CPTR_TFP | CPTR_TZ))
        && !arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        return 2;
    }

    /* CPTR_EL3.  Check both EZ and TFP.  */
    if (!(env->cp15.cptr_el[3] & CPTR_EZ)
        || (env->cp15.cptr_el[3] & CPTR_TFP)) {
        return 3;
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

static void zcr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                      uint64_t value)
{
    /* Bits other than [3:0] are RAZ/WI.  */
    raw_write(env, ri, value & 0xf);
}

static const ARMCPRegInfo zcr_el1_reginfo = {
    .name = "ZCR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
    .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
    .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_SVE | ARM_CP_FPU,
    .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, vfp.zcr_el[1]),
    .writefn = zcr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo zcr_el2_reginfo = {
    .name = "ZCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
    .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
    .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_SVE | ARM_CP_FPU,
    .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, vfp.zcr_el[2]),
    .writefn = zcr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo zcr_no_el2_reginfo = {
    .name = "ZCR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
    .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
    .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_SVE | ARM_CP_FPU,
    .readfn = arm_cp_read_zero, .writefn = arm_cp_write_ignore
};

static const ARMCPRegInfo zcr_el3_reginfo = {
    .name = "ZCR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
    .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 1, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
    .access = PL3_RW, .type = ARM_CP_SVE | ARM_CP_FPU,
    .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, vfp.zcr_el[3]),
    .writefn = zcr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write
};

void hw_watchpoint_update(ARMCPU *cpu, int n)
{
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    vaddr len = 0;
    vaddr wvr = env->cp15.dbgwvr[n];
    uint64_t wcr = env->cp15.dbgwcr[n];
    int mask;
    int flags = BP_CPU | BP_STOP_BEFORE_ACCESS;

    if (env->cpu_watchpoint[n]) {
        cpu_watchpoint_remove_by_ref(CPU(cpu), env->cpu_watchpoint[n]);
        env->cpu_watchpoint[n] = NULL;
    }

    if (!extract64(wcr, 0, 1)) {
        /* E bit clear : watchpoint disabled */
        return;
    }

    switch (extract64(wcr, 3, 2)) {
    case 0:
        /* LSC 00 is reserved and must behave as if the wp is disabled */
        return;
    case 1:
        flags |= BP_MEM_READ;
        break;
    case 2:
        flags |= BP_MEM_WRITE;
        break;
    case 3:
        flags |= BP_MEM_ACCESS;
        break;
    }

    /* Attempts to use both MASK and BAS fields simultaneously are
     * CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE; we opt to ignore BAS in this case,
     * thus generating a watchpoint for every byte in the masked region.
     */
    mask = extract64(wcr, 24, 4);
    if (mask == 1 || mask == 2) {
        /* Reserved values of MASK; we must act as if the mask value was
         * some non-reserved value, or as if the watchpoint were disabled.
         * We choose the latter.
         */
        return;
    } else if (mask) {
        /* Watchpoint covers an aligned area up to 2GB in size */
        len = 1ULL << mask;
        /* If masked bits in WVR are not zero it's CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE
         * whether the watchpoint fires when the unmasked bits match; we opt
         * to generate the exceptions.
         */
        wvr &= ~(len - 1);
    } else {
        /* Watchpoint covers bytes defined by the byte address select bits */
        int bas = extract64(wcr, 5, 8);
        int basstart;

        if (bas == 0) {
            /* This must act as if the watchpoint is disabled */
            return;
        }

        if (extract64(wvr, 2, 1)) {
            /* Deprecated case of an only 4-aligned address. BAS[7:4] are
             * ignored, and BAS[3:0] define which bytes to watch.
             */
            bas &= 0xf;
        }
        /* The BAS bits are supposed to be programmed to indicate a contiguous
         * range of bytes. Otherwise it is CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE whether
         * we fire for each byte in the word/doubleword addressed by the WVR.
         * We choose to ignore any non-zero bits after the first range of 1s.
         */
        basstart = ctz32(bas);
        len = cto32(bas >> basstart);
        wvr += basstart;
    }

    cpu_watchpoint_insert(CPU(cpu), wvr, len, flags,
                          &env->cpu_watchpoint[n]);
}

void hw_watchpoint_update_all(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    int i;
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;

    /* Completely clear out existing QEMU watchpoints and our array, to
     * avoid possible stale entries following migration load.
     */
    cpu_watchpoint_remove_all(CPU(cpu), BP_CPU);
    memset(env->cpu_watchpoint, 0, sizeof(env->cpu_watchpoint));

    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->env.cpu_watchpoint); i++) {
        hw_watchpoint_update(cpu, i);
    }
}

static void dbgwvr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    int i = ri->crm;

    /* Bits [63:49] are hardwired to the value of bit [48]; that is, the
     * register reads and behaves as if values written are sign extended.
     * Bits [1:0] are RES0.
     */
    value = sextract64(value, 0, 49) & ~3ULL;

    raw_write(env, ri, value);
    hw_watchpoint_update(cpu, i);
}

static void dbgwcr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    int i = ri->crm;

    raw_write(env, ri, value);
    hw_watchpoint_update(cpu, i);
}

void hw_breakpoint_update(ARMCPU *cpu, int n)
{
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    uint64_t bvr = env->cp15.dbgbvr[n];
    uint64_t bcr = env->cp15.dbgbcr[n];
    vaddr addr;
    int bt;
    int flags = BP_CPU;

    if (env->cpu_breakpoint[n]) {
        cpu_breakpoint_remove_by_ref(CPU(cpu), env->cpu_breakpoint[n]);
        env->cpu_breakpoint[n] = NULL;
    }

    if (!extract64(bcr, 0, 1)) {
        /* E bit clear : watchpoint disabled */
        return;
    }

    bt = extract64(bcr, 20, 4);

    switch (bt) {
    case 4: /* unlinked address mismatch (reserved if AArch64) */
    case 5: /* linked address mismatch (reserved if AArch64) */
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                      "arm: address mismatch breakpoint types not implemented\n");
        return;
    case 0: /* unlinked address match */
    case 1: /* linked address match */
    {
        /* Bits [63:49] are hardwired to the value of bit [48]; that is,
         * we behave as if the register was sign extended. Bits [1:0] are
         * RES0. The BAS field is used to allow setting breakpoints on 16
         * bit wide instructions; it is CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE whether
         * a bp will fire if the addresses covered by the bp and the addresses
         * covered by the insn overlap but the insn doesn't start at the
         * start of the bp address range. We choose to require the insn and
         * the bp to have the same address. The constraints on writing to
         * BAS enforced in dbgbcr_write mean we have only four cases:
         *  0b0000  => no breakpoint
         *  0b0011  => breakpoint on addr
         *  0b1100  => breakpoint on addr + 2
         *  0b1111  => breakpoint on addr
         * See also figure D2-3 in the v8 ARM ARM (DDI0487A.c).
         */
        int bas = extract64(bcr, 5, 4);
        addr = sextract64(bvr, 0, 49) & ~3ULL;
        if (bas == 0) {
            return;
        }
        if (bas == 0xc) {
            addr += 2;
        }
        break;
    }
    case 2: /* unlinked context ID match */
    case 8: /* unlinked VMID match (reserved if no EL2) */
    case 10: /* unlinked context ID and VMID match (reserved if no EL2) */
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                      "arm: unlinked context breakpoint types not implemented\n");
        return;
    case 9: /* linked VMID match (reserved if no EL2) */
    case 11: /* linked context ID and VMID match (reserved if no EL2) */
    case 3: /* linked context ID match */
    default:
        /* We must generate no events for Linked context matches (unless
         * they are linked to by some other bp/wp, which is handled in
         * updates for the linking bp/wp). We choose to also generate no events
         * for reserved values.
         */
        return;
    }

    cpu_breakpoint_insert(CPU(cpu), addr, flags, &env->cpu_breakpoint[n]);
}

void hw_breakpoint_update_all(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    int i;
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;

    /* Completely clear out existing QEMU breakpoints and our array, to
     * avoid possible stale entries following migration load.
     */
    cpu_breakpoint_remove_all(CPU(cpu), BP_CPU);
    memset(env->cpu_breakpoint, 0, sizeof(env->cpu_breakpoint));

    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->env.cpu_breakpoint); i++) {
        hw_breakpoint_update(cpu, i);
    }
}

static void dbgbvr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    int i = ri->crm;

    raw_write(env, ri, value);
    hw_breakpoint_update(cpu, i);
}

static void dbgbcr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    int i = ri->crm;

    /* BAS[3] is a read-only copy of BAS[2], and BAS[1] a read-only
     * copy of BAS[0].
     */
    value = deposit64(value, 6, 1, extract64(value, 5, 1));
    value = deposit64(value, 8, 1, extract64(value, 7, 1));

    raw_write(env, ri, value);
    hw_breakpoint_update(cpu, i);
}

static void define_debug_regs(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    /* Define v7 and v8 architectural debug registers.
     * These are just dummy implementations for now.
     */
    int i;
    int wrps, brps, ctx_cmps;
    ARMCPRegInfo dbgdidr = {
        .name = "DBGDIDR", .cp = 14, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
        .access = PL0_R, .accessfn = access_tda,
        .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = cpu->dbgdidr,
    };

    /* Note that all these register fields hold "number of Xs minus 1". */
    brps = extract32(cpu->dbgdidr, 24, 4);
    wrps = extract32(cpu->dbgdidr, 28, 4);
    ctx_cmps = extract32(cpu->dbgdidr, 20, 4);

    assert(ctx_cmps <= brps);

    /* The DBGDIDR and ID_AA64DFR0_EL1 define various properties
     * of the debug registers such as number of breakpoints;
     * check that if they both exist then they agree.
     */
    if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) {
        assert(extract32(cpu->id_aa64dfr0, 12, 4) == brps);
        assert(extract32(cpu->id_aa64dfr0, 20, 4) == wrps);
        assert(extract32(cpu->id_aa64dfr0, 28, 4) == ctx_cmps);
    }

    define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &dbgdidr);
    define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, debug_cp_reginfo);

    if (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_LPAE)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, debug_lpae_cp_reginfo);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < brps + 1; i++) {
        ARMCPRegInfo dbgregs[] = {
            { .name = "DBGBVR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = i, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.dbgbvr[i]),
              .writefn = dbgbvr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write
            },
            { .name = "DBGBCR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = i, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.dbgbcr[i]),
              .writefn = dbgbcr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write
            },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, dbgregs);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < wrps + 1; i++) {
        ARMCPRegInfo dbgregs[] = {
            { .name = "DBGWVR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = i, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.dbgwvr[i]),
              .writefn = dbgwvr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write
            },
            { .name = "DBGWCR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .cp = 14, .opc0 = 2, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = i, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = access_tda,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.dbgwcr[i]),
              .writefn = dbgwcr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write
            },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, dbgregs);
    }
}

/* We don't know until after realize whether there's a GICv3
 * attached, and that is what registers the gicv3 sysregs.
 * So we have to fill in the GIC fields in ID_PFR/ID_PFR1_EL1/ID_AA64PFR0_EL1
 * at runtime.
 */
static uint64_t id_pfr1_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    uint64_t pfr1 = cpu->id_pfr1;

    if (env->gicv3state) {
        pfr1 |= 1 << 28;
    }
    return pfr1;
}

static uint64_t id_aa64pfr0_read(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    uint64_t pfr0 = cpu->id_aa64pfr0;

    if (env->gicv3state) {
        pfr0 |= 1 << 24;
    }
    return pfr0;
}

void register_cp_regs_for_features(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    /* Register all the coprocessor registers based on feature bits */
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M)) {
        /* M profile has no coprocessor registers */
        return;
    }

    define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, cp_reginfo);
    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        /* Must go early as it is full of wildcards that may be
         * overridden by later definitions.
         */
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, not_v8_cp_reginfo);
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V6)) {
        /* The ID registers all have impdef reset values */
        ARMCPRegInfo v6_idregs[] = {
            { .name = "ID_PFR0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_pfr0 },
            /* ID_PFR1 is not a plain ARM_CP_CONST because we don't know
             * the value of the GIC field until after we define these regs.
             */
            { .name = "ID_PFR1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
              .readfn = id_pfr1_read,
              .writefn = arm_cp_write_ignore },
            { .name = "ID_DFR0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_dfr0 },
            { .name = "ID_AFR0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 3,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_afr0 },
            { .name = "ID_MMFR0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_mmfr0 },
            { .name = "ID_MMFR1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_mmfr1 },
            { .name = "ID_MMFR2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_mmfr2 },
            { .name = "ID_MMFR3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_mmfr3 },
            { .name = "ID_ISAR0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_isar0 },
            { .name = "ID_ISAR1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_isar1 },
            { .name = "ID_ISAR2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 2,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_isar2 },
            { .name = "ID_ISAR3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 3,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_isar3 },
            { .name = "ID_ISAR4", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_isar4 },
            { .name = "ID_ISAR5", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_isar5 },
            { .name = "ID_MMFR4", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_mmfr4 },
            /* 7 is as yet unallocated and must RAZ */
            { .name = "ID_ISAR7_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 2, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, v6_idregs);
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, v6_cp_reginfo);
    } else {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, not_v6_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V6K)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, v6k_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7MP) &&
        !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_PMSA)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, v7mp_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
        /* v7 performance monitor control register: same implementor
         * field as main ID register, and we implement only the cycle
         * count register.
         */
#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
        ARMCPRegInfo pmcr = {
            .name = "PMCR", .cp = 15, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
            .access = PL0_RW,
            .type = ARM_CP_IO | ARM_CP_ALIAS,
            .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmcr),
            .accessfn = pmreg_access, .writefn = pmcr_write,
            .raw_writefn = raw_write,
        };
        ARMCPRegInfo pmcr64 = {
            .name = "PMCR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
            .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 0,
            .access = PL0_RW, .accessfn = pmreg_access,
            .type = ARM_CP_IO,
            .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c9_pmcr),
            .resetvalue = cpu->midr & 0xff000000,
            .writefn = pmcr_write, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
        };
        define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &pmcr);
        define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &pmcr64);
#endif
        ARMCPRegInfo clidr = {
            .name = "CLIDR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
            .opc0 = 3, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 1, .opc2 = 1,
            .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = cpu->clidr
        };
        define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &clidr);
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, v7_cp_reginfo);
        define_debug_regs(cpu);
    } else {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, not_v7_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        /* AArch64 ID registers, which all have impdef reset values.
         * Note that within the ID register ranges the unused slots
         * must all RAZ, not UNDEF; future architecture versions may
         * define new registers here.
         */
        ARMCPRegInfo v8_idregs[] = {
            /* ID_AA64PFR0_EL1 is not a plain ARM_CP_CONST because we don't
             * know the right value for the GIC field until after we
             * define these regs.
             */
            { .name = "ID_AA64PFR0_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
              .readfn = id_aa64pfr0_read,
              .writefn = arm_cp_write_ignore },
            { .name = "ID_AA64PFR1_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64pfr1},
            { .name = "ID_AA64PFR2_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 2,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64PFR3_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 3,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64PFR4_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64PFR5_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64PFR6_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64PFR7_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64DFR0_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64dfr0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64DFR1_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64dfr1 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64DFR2_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 2,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64DFR3_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 3,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64AFR0_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64afr0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64AFR1_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64afr1 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64AFR2_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64AFR3_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64isar0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64isar1 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR2_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 2,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR3_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 3,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR4_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR5_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR6_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64ISAR7_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64mmfr0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->id_aa64mmfr1 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR2_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 2,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR3_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 3,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR4_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR5_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR6_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ID_AA64MMFR7_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "MVFR0_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->mvfr0 },
            { .name = "MVFR1_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->mvfr1 },
            { .name = "MVFR2_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 2,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->mvfr2 },
            { .name = "MVFR3_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 3,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "MVFR4_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "MVFR5_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "MVFR6_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "MVFR7_EL1_RESERVED", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "PMCEID0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
              .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL0_R, .accessfn = pmreg_access, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->pmceid0 },
            { .name = "PMCEID0_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL0_R, .accessfn = pmreg_access, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->pmceid0 },
            { .name = "PMCEID1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
              .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL0_R, .accessfn = pmreg_access, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->pmceid1 },
            { .name = "PMCEID1_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .crn = 9, .crm = 12, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL0_R, .accessfn = pmreg_access, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->pmceid1 },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        /* RVBAR_EL1 is only implemented if EL1 is the highest EL */
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3) &&
            !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) {
            ARMCPRegInfo rvbar = {
                .name = "RVBAR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
                .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 12, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
                .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .access = PL1_R, .resetvalue = cpu->rvbar
            };
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &rvbar);
        }
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, v8_idregs);
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, v8_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) {
        uint64_t vmpidr_def = mpidr_read_val(env);
        ARMCPRegInfo vpidr_regs[] = {
            { .name = "VPIDR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
              .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns,
              .resetvalue = cpu->midr, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
              .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.vpidr_el2) },
            { .name = "VPIDR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL2_RW, .resetvalue = cpu->midr,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vpidr_el2) },
            { .name = "VMPIDR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32,
              .cp = 15, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns,
              .resetvalue = vmpidr_def, .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS,
              .fieldoffset = offsetoflow32(CPUARMState, cp15.vmpidr_el2) },
            { .name = "VMPIDR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 5,
              .access = PL2_RW,
              .resetvalue = vmpidr_def,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vmpidr_el2) },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, vpidr_regs);
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, el2_cp_reginfo);
        /* RVBAR_EL2 is only implemented if EL2 is the highest EL */
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
            ARMCPRegInfo rvbar = {
                .name = "RVBAR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
                .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 12, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
                .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .access = PL2_R, .resetvalue = cpu->rvbar
            };
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &rvbar);
        }
    } else {
        /* If EL2 is missing but higher ELs are enabled, we need to
         * register the no_el2 reginfos.
         */
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
            /* When EL3 exists but not EL2, VPIDR and VMPIDR take the value
             * of MIDR_EL1 and MPIDR_EL1.
             */
            ARMCPRegInfo vpidr_regs[] = {
                { .name = "VPIDR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
                  .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
                  .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns_aa64any,
                  .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = cpu->midr,
                  .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vpidr_el2) },
                { .name = "VMPIDR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
                  .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 5,
                  .access = PL2_RW, .accessfn = access_el3_aa32ns_aa64any,
                  .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW,
                  .writefn = arm_cp_write_ignore, .readfn = mpidr_read },
                REGINFO_SENTINEL
            };
            define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, vpidr_regs);
            define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, el3_no_el2_cp_reginfo);
        }
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, el3_cp_reginfo);
        ARMCPRegInfo el3_regs[] = {
            { .name = "RVBAR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 12, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
              .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .access = PL3_R, .resetvalue = cpu->rvbar },
            { .name = "SCTLR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL3_RW,
              .raw_writefn = raw_write, .writefn = sctlr_write,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.sctlr_el[3]),
              .resetvalue = cpu->reset_sctlr },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };

        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, el3_regs);
    }
    /* The behaviour of NSACR is sufficiently various that we don't
     * try to describe it in a single reginfo:
     *  if EL3 is 64 bit, then trap to EL3 from S EL1,
     *     reads as constant 0xc00 from NS EL1 and NS EL2
     *  if EL3 is 32 bit, then RW at EL3, RO at NS EL1 and NS EL2
     *  if v7 without EL3, register doesn't exist
     *  if v8 without EL3, reads as constant 0xc00 from NS EL1 and NS EL2
     */
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) {
            ARMCPRegInfo nsacr = {
                .name = "NSACR", .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
                .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
                .access = PL1_RW, .accessfn = nsacr_access,
                .resetvalue = 0xc00
            };
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &nsacr);
        } else {
            ARMCPRegInfo nsacr = {
                .name = "NSACR",
                .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
                .access = PL3_RW | PL1_R,
                .resetvalue = 0,
                .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.nsacr)
            };
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &nsacr);
        }
    } else {
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            ARMCPRegInfo nsacr = {
                .name = "NSACR", .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
                .cp = 15, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 1, .opc2 = 2,
                .access = PL1_R,
                .resetvalue = 0xc00
            };
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &nsacr);
        }
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_PMSA)) {
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V6)) {
            /* PMSAv6 not implemented */
            assert(arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7));
            define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, vmsa_pmsa_cp_reginfo);
            define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, pmsav7_cp_reginfo);
        } else {
            define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, pmsav5_cp_reginfo);
        }
    } else {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, vmsa_pmsa_cp_reginfo);
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, vmsa_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_THUMB2EE)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, t2ee_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_GENERIC_TIMER)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, generic_timer_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_VAPA)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, vapa_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_CACHE_TEST_CLEAN)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, cache_test_clean_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_CACHE_DIRTY_REG)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, cache_dirty_status_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_CACHE_BLOCK_OPS)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, cache_block_ops_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_OMAPCP)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, omap_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_STRONGARM)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, strongarm_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_XSCALE)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, xscale_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_DUMMY_C15_REGS)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, dummy_c15_cp_reginfo);
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_LPAE)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, lpae_cp_reginfo);
    }
    /* Slightly awkwardly, the OMAP and StrongARM cores need all of
     * cp15 crn=0 to be writes-ignored, whereas for other cores they should
     * be read-only (ie write causes UNDEF exception).
     */
    {
        ARMCPRegInfo id_pre_v8_midr_cp_reginfo[] = {
            /* Pre-v8 MIDR space.
             * Note that the MIDR isn't a simple constant register because
             * of the TI925 behaviour where writes to another register can
             * cause the MIDR value to change.
             *
             * Unimplemented registers in the c15 0 0 0 space default to
             * MIDR. Define MIDR first as this entire space, then CTR, TCMTR
             * and friends override accordingly.
             */
            { .name = "MIDR",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
              .access = PL1_R, .resetvalue = cpu->midr,
              .writefn = arm_cp_write_ignore, .raw_writefn = raw_write,
              .readfn = midr_read,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c0_cpuid),
              .type = ARM_CP_OVERRIDE },
            /* crn = 0 op1 = 0 crm = 3..7 : currently unassigned; we RAZ. */
            { .name = "DUMMY",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 3, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "DUMMY",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 4, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "DUMMY",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 5, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "DUMMY",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 6, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "DUMMY",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 7, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = CP_ANY,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        ARMCPRegInfo id_v8_midr_cp_reginfo[] = {
            { .name = "MIDR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_NO_RAW, .resetvalue = cpu->midr,
              .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.c0_cpuid),
              .readfn = midr_read },
            /* crn = 0 op1 = 0 crm = 0 op2 = 4,7 : AArch32 aliases of MIDR */
            { .name = "MIDR", .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS | ARM_CP_CONST,
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .resetvalue = cpu->midr },
            { .name = "MIDR", .type = ARM_CP_ALIAS | ARM_CP_CONST,
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 7,
              .access = PL1_R, .resetvalue = cpu->midr },
            { .name = "REVIDR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 6,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = cpu->revidr },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        ARMCPRegInfo id_cp_reginfo[] = {
            /* These are common to v8 and pre-v8 */
            { .name = "CTR",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = cpu->ctr },
            { .name = "CTR_EL0", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 3, .opc2 = 1, .crn = 0, .crm = 0,
              .access = PL0_R, .accessfn = ctr_el0_access,
              .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = cpu->ctr },
            /* TCMTR and TLBTR exist in v8 but have no 64-bit versions */
            { .name = "TCMTR",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 2,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0 },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        /* TLBTR is specific to VMSA */
        ARMCPRegInfo id_tlbtr_reginfo = {
              .name = "TLBTR",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 3,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST, .resetvalue = 0,
        };
        /* MPUIR is specific to PMSA V6+ */
        ARMCPRegInfo id_mpuir_reginfo = {
              .name = "MPUIR",
              .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 4,
              .access = PL1_R, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->pmsav7_dregion << 8
        };
        ARMCPRegInfo crn0_wi_reginfo = {
            .name = "CRN0_WI", .cp = 15, .crn = 0, .crm = CP_ANY,
            .opc1 = CP_ANY, .opc2 = CP_ANY, .access = PL1_W,
            .type = ARM_CP_NOP | ARM_CP_OVERRIDE
        };
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_OMAPCP) ||
            arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_STRONGARM)) {
            ARMCPRegInfo *r;
            /* Register the blanket "writes ignored" value first to cover the
             * whole space. Then update the specific ID registers to allow write
             * access, so that they ignore writes rather than causing them to
             * UNDEF.
             */
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &crn0_wi_reginfo);
            for (r = id_pre_v8_midr_cp_reginfo;
                 r->type != ARM_CP_SENTINEL; r++) {
                r->access = PL1_RW;
            }
            for (r = id_cp_reginfo; r->type != ARM_CP_SENTINEL; r++) {
                r->access = PL1_RW;
            }
            id_mpuir_reginfo.access = PL1_RW;
            id_tlbtr_reginfo.access = PL1_RW;
        }
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, id_v8_midr_cp_reginfo);
        } else {
            define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, id_pre_v8_midr_cp_reginfo);
        }
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, id_cp_reginfo);
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_PMSA)) {
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &id_tlbtr_reginfo);
        } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &id_mpuir_reginfo);
        }
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_MPIDR)) {
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, mpidr_cp_reginfo);
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_AUXCR)) {
        ARMCPRegInfo auxcr_reginfo[] = {
            { .name = "ACTLR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL1_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = cpu->reset_auxcr },
            { .name = "ACTLR_EL2", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 4, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL2_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            { .name = "ACTLR_EL3", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
              .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 6, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 1,
              .access = PL3_RW, .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, auxcr_reginfo);
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_CBAR)) {
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) {
            /* 32 bit view is [31:18] 0...0 [43:32]. */
            uint32_t cbar32 = (extract64(cpu->reset_cbar, 18, 14) << 18)
                | extract64(cpu->reset_cbar, 32, 12);
            ARMCPRegInfo cbar_reginfo[] = {
                { .name = "CBAR",
                  .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
                  .cp = 15, .crn = 15, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 4, .opc2 = 0,
                  .access = PL1_R, .resetvalue = cpu->reset_cbar },
                { .name = "CBAR_EL1", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA64,
                  .type = ARM_CP_CONST,
                  .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 1, .crn = 15, .crm = 3, .opc2 = 0,
                  .access = PL1_R, .resetvalue = cbar32 },
                REGINFO_SENTINEL
            };
            /* We don't implement a r/w 64 bit CBAR currently */
            assert(arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_CBAR_RO));
            define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, cbar_reginfo);
        } else {
            ARMCPRegInfo cbar = {
                .name = "CBAR",
                .cp = 15, .crn = 15, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 4, .opc2 = 0,
                .access = PL1_R|PL3_W, .resetvalue = cpu->reset_cbar,
                .fieldoffset = offsetof(CPUARMState,
                                        cp15.c15_config_base_address)
            };
            if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_CBAR_RO)) {
                cbar.access = PL1_R;
                cbar.fieldoffset = 0;
                cbar.type = ARM_CP_CONST;
            }
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &cbar);
        }
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_VBAR)) {
        ARMCPRegInfo vbar_cp_reginfo[] = {
            { .name = "VBAR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
              .opc0 = 3, .crn = 12, .crm = 0, .opc1 = 0, .opc2 = 0,
              .access = PL1_RW, .writefn = vbar_write,
              .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vbar_s),
                                     offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.vbar_ns) },
              .resetvalue = 0 },
            REGINFO_SENTINEL
        };
        define_arm_cp_regs(cpu, vbar_cp_reginfo);
    }

    /* Generic registers whose values depend on the implementation */
    {
        ARMCPRegInfo sctlr = {
            .name = "SCTLR", .state = ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH,
            .opc0 = 3, .opc1 = 0, .crn = 1, .crm = 0, .opc2 = 0,
            .access = PL1_RW,
            .bank_fieldoffsets = { offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.sctlr_s),
                                   offsetof(CPUARMState, cp15.sctlr_ns) },
            .writefn = sctlr_write, .resetvalue = cpu->reset_sctlr,
            .raw_writefn = raw_write,
        };
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_XSCALE)) {
            /* Normally we would always end the TB on an SCTLR write, but Linux
             * arch/arm/mach-pxa/sleep.S expects two instructions following
             * an MMU enable to execute from cache.  Imitate this behaviour.
             */
            sctlr.type |= ARM_CP_SUPPRESS_TB_END;
        }
        define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &sctlr);
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_SVE)) {
        define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &zcr_el1_reginfo);
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) {
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &zcr_el2_reginfo);
        } else {
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &zcr_no_el2_reginfo);
        }
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
            define_one_arm_cp_reg(cpu, &zcr_el3_reginfo);
        }
    }
}

void arm_cpu_register_gdb_regs_for_features(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64)) {
        gdb_register_coprocessor(cs, aarch64_fpu_gdb_get_reg,
                                 aarch64_fpu_gdb_set_reg,
                                 34, "aarch64-fpu.xml", 0);
    } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_NEON)) {
        gdb_register_coprocessor(cs, vfp_gdb_get_reg, vfp_gdb_set_reg,
                                 51, "arm-neon.xml", 0);
    } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_VFP3)) {
        gdb_register_coprocessor(cs, vfp_gdb_get_reg, vfp_gdb_set_reg,
                                 35, "arm-vfp3.xml", 0);
    } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_VFP)) {
        gdb_register_coprocessor(cs, vfp_gdb_get_reg, vfp_gdb_set_reg,
                                 19, "arm-vfp.xml", 0);
    }
    gdb_register_coprocessor(cs, arm_gdb_get_sysreg, arm_gdb_set_sysreg,
                             arm_gen_dynamic_xml(cs),
                             "system-registers.xml", 0);
}

/* Sort alphabetically by type name, except for "any". */
static gint arm_cpu_list_compare(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
{
    ObjectClass *class_a = (ObjectClass *)a;
    ObjectClass *class_b = (ObjectClass *)b;
    const char *name_a, *name_b;

    name_a = object_class_get_name(class_a);
    name_b = object_class_get_name(class_b);
    if (strcmp(name_a, "any-" TYPE_ARM_CPU) == 0) {
        return 1;
    } else if (strcmp(name_b, "any-" TYPE_ARM_CPU) == 0) {
        return -1;
    } else {
        return strcmp(name_a, name_b);
    }
}

static void arm_cpu_list_entry(gpointer data, gpointer user_data)
{
    ObjectClass *oc = data;
    CPUListState *s = user_data;
    const char *typename;
    char *name;

    typename = object_class_get_name(oc);
    name = g_strndup(typename, strlen(typename) - strlen("-" TYPE_ARM_CPU));
    (*s->cpu_fprintf)(s->file, "  %s\n",
                      name);
    g_free(name);
}

void arm_cpu_list(FILE *f, fprintf_function cpu_fprintf)
{
    CPUListState s = {
        .file = f,
        .cpu_fprintf = cpu_fprintf,
    };
    GSList *list;

    list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ARM_CPU, false);
    list = g_slist_sort(list, arm_cpu_list_compare);
    (*cpu_fprintf)(f, "Available CPUs:\n");
    g_slist_foreach(list, arm_cpu_list_entry, &s);
    g_slist_free(list);
#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
    /* The 'host' CPU type is dynamically registered only if KVM is
     * enabled, so we have to special-case it here:
     */
    (*cpu_fprintf)(f, "  host (only available in KVM mode)\n");
#endif
}

static void arm_cpu_add_definition(gpointer data, gpointer user_data)
{
    ObjectClass *oc = data;
    CpuDefinitionInfoList **cpu_list = user_data;
    CpuDefinitionInfoList *entry;
    CpuDefinitionInfo *info;
    const char *typename;

    typename = object_class_get_name(oc);
    info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
    info->name = g_strndup(typename,
                           strlen(typename) - strlen("-" TYPE_ARM_CPU));
    info->q_typename = g_strdup(typename);

    entry = g_malloc0(sizeof(*entry));
    entry->value = info;
    entry->next = *cpu_list;
    *cpu_list = entry;
}

CpuDefinitionInfoList *arch_query_cpu_definitions(Error **errp)
{
    CpuDefinitionInfoList *cpu_list = NULL;
    GSList *list;

    list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ARM_CPU, false);
    g_slist_foreach(list, arm_cpu_add_definition, &cpu_list);
    g_slist_free(list);

    return cpu_list;
}

static void add_cpreg_to_hashtable(ARMCPU *cpu, const ARMCPRegInfo *r,
                                   void *opaque, int state, int secstate,
                                   int crm, int opc1, int opc2,
                                   const char *name)
{
    /* Private utility function for define_one_arm_cp_reg_with_opaque():
     * add a single reginfo struct to the hash table.
     */
    uint32_t *key = g_new(uint32_t, 1);
    ARMCPRegInfo *r2 = g_memdup(r, sizeof(ARMCPRegInfo));
    int is64 = (r->type & ARM_CP_64BIT) ? 1 : 0;
    int ns = (secstate & ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS) ? 1 : 0;

    r2->name = g_strdup(name);
    /* Reset the secure state to the specific incoming state.  This is
     * necessary as the register may have been defined with both states.
     */
    r2->secure = secstate;

    if (r->bank_fieldoffsets[0] && r->bank_fieldoffsets[1]) {
        /* Register is banked (using both entries in array).
         * Overwriting fieldoffset as the array is only used to define
         * banked registers but later only fieldoffset is used.
         */
        r2->fieldoffset = r->bank_fieldoffsets[ns];
    }

    if (state == ARM_CP_STATE_AA32) {
        if (r->bank_fieldoffsets[0] && r->bank_fieldoffsets[1]) {
            /* If the register is banked then we don't need to migrate or
             * reset the 32-bit instance in certain cases:
             *
             * 1) If the register has both 32-bit and 64-bit instances then we
             *    can count on the 64-bit instance taking care of the
             *    non-secure bank.
             * 2) If ARMv8 is enabled then we can count on a 64-bit version
             *    taking care of the secure bank.  This requires that separate
             *    32 and 64-bit definitions are provided.
             */
            if ((r->state == ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH && ns) ||
                (arm_feature(&cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_V8) && !ns)) {
                r2->type |= ARM_CP_ALIAS;
            }
        } else if ((secstate != r->secure) && !ns) {
            /* The register is not banked so we only want to allow migration of
             * the non-secure instance.
             */
            r2->type |= ARM_CP_ALIAS;
        }

        if (r->state == ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH) {
            /* We assume it is a cp15 register if the .cp field is left unset.
             */
            if (r2->cp == 0) {
                r2->cp = 15;
            }

#ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
            if (r2->fieldoffset) {
                r2->fieldoffset += sizeof(uint32_t);
            }
#endif
        }
    }
    if (state == ARM_CP_STATE_AA64) {
        /* To allow abbreviation of ARMCPRegInfo
         * definitions, we treat cp == 0 as equivalent to
         * the value for "standard guest-visible sysreg".
         * STATE_BOTH definitions are also always "standard
         * sysreg" in their AArch64 view (the .cp value may
         * be non-zero for the benefit of the AArch32 view).
         */
        if (r->cp == 0 || r->state == ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH) {
            r2->cp = CP_REG_ARM64_SYSREG_CP;
        }
        *key = ENCODE_AA64_CP_REG(r2->cp, r2->crn, crm,
                                  r2->opc0, opc1, opc2);
    } else {
        *key = ENCODE_CP_REG(r2->cp, is64, ns, r2->crn, crm, opc1, opc2);
    }
    if (opaque) {
        r2->opaque = opaque;
    }
    /* reginfo passed to helpers is correct for the actual access,
     * and is never ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH:
     */
    r2->state = state;
    /* Make sure reginfo passed to helpers for wildcarded regs
     * has the correct crm/opc1/opc2 for this reg, not CP_ANY:
     */
    r2->crm = crm;
    r2->opc1 = opc1;
    r2->opc2 = opc2;
    /* By convention, for wildcarded registers only the first
     * entry is used for migration; the others are marked as
     * ALIAS so we don't try to transfer the register
     * multiple times. Special registers (ie NOP/WFI) are
     * never migratable and not even raw-accessible.
     */
    if ((r->type & ARM_CP_SPECIAL)) {
        r2->type |= ARM_CP_NO_RAW;
    }
    if (((r->crm == CP_ANY) && crm != 0) ||
        ((r->opc1 == CP_ANY) && opc1 != 0) ||
        ((r->opc2 == CP_ANY) && opc2 != 0)) {
        r2->type |= ARM_CP_ALIAS | ARM_CP_NO_GDB;
    }

    /* Check that raw accesses are either forbidden or handled. Note that
     * we can't assert this earlier because the setup of fieldoffset for
     * banked registers has to be done first.
     */
    if (!(r2->type & ARM_CP_NO_RAW)) {
        assert(!raw_accessors_invalid(r2));
    }

    /* Overriding of an existing definition must be explicitly
     * requested.
     */
    if (!(r->type & ARM_CP_OVERRIDE)) {
        ARMCPRegInfo *oldreg;
        oldreg = g_hash_table_lookup(cpu->cp_regs, key);
        if (oldreg && !(oldreg->type & ARM_CP_OVERRIDE)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Register redefined: cp=%d %d bit "
                    "crn=%d crm=%d opc1=%d opc2=%d, "
                    "was %s, now %s\n", r2->cp, 32 + 32 * is64,
                    r2->crn, r2->crm, r2->opc1, r2->opc2,
                    oldreg->name, r2->name);
            g_assert_not_reached();
        }
    }
    g_hash_table_insert(cpu->cp_regs, key, r2);
}


void define_one_arm_cp_reg_with_opaque(ARMCPU *cpu,
                                       const ARMCPRegInfo *r, void *opaque)
{
    /* Define implementations of coprocessor registers.
     * We store these in a hashtable because typically
     * there are less than 150 registers in a space which
     * is 16*16*16*8*8 = 262144 in size.
     * Wildcarding is supported for the crm, opc1 and opc2 fields.
     * If a register is defined twice then the second definition is
     * used, so this can be used to define some generic registers and
     * then override them with implementation specific variations.
     * At least one of the original and the second definition should
     * include ARM_CP_OVERRIDE in its type bits -- this is just a guard
     * against accidental use.
     *
     * The state field defines whether the register is to be
     * visible in the AArch32 or AArch64 execution state. If the
     * state is set to ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH then we synthesise a
     * reginfo structure for the AArch32 view, which sees the lower
     * 32 bits of the 64 bit register.
     *
     * Only registers visible in AArch64 may set r->opc0; opc0 cannot
     * be wildcarded. AArch64 registers are always considered to be 64
     * bits; the ARM_CP_64BIT* flag applies only to the AArch32 view of
     * the register, if any.
     */
    int crm, opc1, opc2, state;
    int crmmin = (r->crm == CP_ANY) ? 0 : r->crm;
    int crmmax = (r->crm == CP_ANY) ? 15 : r->crm;
    int opc1min = (r->opc1 == CP_ANY) ? 0 : r->opc1;
    int opc1max = (r->opc1 == CP_ANY) ? 7 : r->opc1;
    int opc2min = (r->opc2 == CP_ANY) ? 0 : r->opc2;
    int opc2max = (r->opc2 == CP_ANY) ? 7 : r->opc2;
    /* 64 bit registers have only CRm and Opc1 fields */
    assert(!((r->type & ARM_CP_64BIT) && (r->opc2 || r->crn)));
    /* op0 only exists in the AArch64 encodings */
    assert((r->state != ARM_CP_STATE_AA32) || (r->opc0 == 0));
    /* AArch64 regs are all 64 bit so ARM_CP_64BIT is meaningless */
    assert((r->state != ARM_CP_STATE_AA64) || !(r->type & ARM_CP_64BIT));
    /* The AArch64 pseudocode CheckSystemAccess() specifies that op1
     * encodes a minimum access level for the register. We roll this
     * runtime check into our general permission check code, so check
     * here that the reginfo's specified permissions are strict enough
     * to encompass the generic architectural permission check.
     */
    if (r->state != ARM_CP_STATE_AA32) {
        int mask = 0;
        switch (r->opc1) {
        case 0: case 1: case 2:
            /* min_EL EL1 */
            mask = PL1_RW;
            break;
        case 3:
            /* min_EL EL0 */
            mask = PL0_RW;
            break;
        case 4:
            /* min_EL EL2 */
            mask = PL2_RW;
            break;
        case 5:
            /* unallocated encoding, so not possible */
            assert(false);
            break;
        case 6:
            /* min_EL EL3 */
            mask = PL3_RW;
            break;
        case 7:
            /* min_EL EL1, secure mode only (we don't check the latter) */
            mask = PL1_RW;
            break;
        default:
            /* broken reginfo with out-of-range opc1 */
            assert(false);
            break;
        }
        /* assert our permissions are not too lax (stricter is fine) */
        assert((r->access & ~mask) == 0);
    }

    /* Check that the register definition has enough info to handle
     * reads and writes if they are permitted.
     */
    if (!(r->type & (ARM_CP_SPECIAL|ARM_CP_CONST))) {
        if (r->access & PL3_R) {
            assert((r->fieldoffset ||
                   (r->bank_fieldoffsets[0] && r->bank_fieldoffsets[1])) ||
                   r->readfn);
        }
        if (r->access & PL3_W) {
            assert((r->fieldoffset ||
                   (r->bank_fieldoffsets[0] && r->bank_fieldoffsets[1])) ||
                   r->writefn);
        }
    }
    /* Bad type field probably means missing sentinel at end of reg list */
    assert(cptype_valid(r->type));
    for (crm = crmmin; crm <= crmmax; crm++) {
        for (opc1 = opc1min; opc1 <= opc1max; opc1++) {
            for (opc2 = opc2min; opc2 <= opc2max; opc2++) {
                for (state = ARM_CP_STATE_AA32;
                     state <= ARM_CP_STATE_AA64; state++) {
                    if (r->state != state && r->state != ARM_CP_STATE_BOTH) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (state == ARM_CP_STATE_AA32) {
                        /* Under AArch32 CP registers can be common
                         * (same for secure and non-secure world) or banked.
                         */
                        char *name;

                        switch (r->secure) {
                        case ARM_CP_SECSTATE_S:
                        case ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS:
                            add_cpreg_to_hashtable(cpu, r, opaque, state,
                                                   r->secure, crm, opc1, opc2,
                                                   r->name);
                            break;
                        default:
                            name = g_strdup_printf("%s_S", r->name);
                            add_cpreg_to_hashtable(cpu, r, opaque, state,
                                                   ARM_CP_SECSTATE_S,
                                                   crm, opc1, opc2, name);
                            g_free(name);
                            add_cpreg_to_hashtable(cpu, r, opaque, state,
                                                   ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS,
                                                   crm, opc1, opc2, r->name);
                            break;
                        }
                    } else {
                        /* AArch64 registers get mapped to non-secure instance
                         * of AArch32 */
                        add_cpreg_to_hashtable(cpu, r, opaque, state,
                                               ARM_CP_SECSTATE_NS,
                                               crm, opc1, opc2, r->name);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void define_arm_cp_regs_with_opaque(ARMCPU *cpu,
                                    const ARMCPRegInfo *regs, void *opaque)
{
    /* Define a whole list of registers */
    const ARMCPRegInfo *r;
    for (r = regs; r->type != ARM_CP_SENTINEL; r++) {
        define_one_arm_cp_reg_with_opaque(cpu, r, opaque);
    }
}

const ARMCPRegInfo *get_arm_cp_reginfo(GHashTable *cpregs, uint32_t encoded_cp)
{
    return g_hash_table_lookup(cpregs, &encoded_cp);
}

void arm_cp_write_ignore(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                         uint64_t value)
{
    /* Helper coprocessor write function for write-ignore registers */
}

uint64_t arm_cp_read_zero(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri)
{
    /* Helper coprocessor write function for read-as-zero registers */
    return 0;
}

void arm_cp_reset_ignore(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *opaque)
{
    /* Helper coprocessor reset function for do-nothing-on-reset registers */
}

static int bad_mode_switch(CPUARMState *env, int mode, CPSRWriteType write_type)
{
    /* Return true if it is not valid for us to switch to
     * this CPU mode (ie all the UNPREDICTABLE cases in
     * the ARM ARM CPSRWriteByInstr pseudocode).
     */

    /* Changes to or from Hyp via MSR and CPS are illegal. */
    if (write_type == CPSRWriteByInstr &&
        ((env->uncached_cpsr & CPSR_M) == ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP ||
         mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP)) {
        return 1;
    }

    switch (mode) {
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_USR:
        return 0;
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_SYS:
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_SVC:
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT:
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_UND:
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ:
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ:
        /* Note that we don't implement the IMPDEF NSACR.RFR which in v7
         * allows FIQ mode to be Secure-only. (In v8 this doesn't exist.)
         */
        /* If HCR.TGE is set then changes from Monitor to NS PL1 via MSR
         * and CPS are treated as illegal mode changes.
         */
        if (write_type == CPSRWriteByInstr &&
            (env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_TGE) &&
            (env->uncached_cpsr & CPSR_M) == ARM_CPU_MODE_MON &&
            !arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
            return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP:
        return !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)
            || arm_current_el(env) < 2 || arm_is_secure(env);
    case ARM_CPU_MODE_MON:
        return arm_current_el(env) < 3;
    default:
        return 1;
    }
}

uint32_t cpsr_read(CPUARMState *env)
{
    int ZF;
    ZF = (env->ZF == 0);
    return env->uncached_cpsr | (env->NF & 0x80000000) | (ZF << 30) |
        (env->CF << 29) | ((env->VF & 0x80000000) >> 3) | (env->QF << 27)
        | (env->thumb << 5) | ((env->condexec_bits & 3) << 25)
        | ((env->condexec_bits & 0xfc) << 8)
        | (env->GE << 16) | (env->daif & CPSR_AIF);
}

void cpsr_write(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t val, uint32_t mask,
                CPSRWriteType write_type)
{
    uint32_t changed_daif;

    if (mask & CPSR_NZCV) {
        env->ZF = (~val) & CPSR_Z;
        env->NF = val;
        env->CF = (val >> 29) & 1;
        env->VF = (val << 3) & 0x80000000;
    }
    if (mask & CPSR_Q)
        env->QF = ((val & CPSR_Q) != 0);
    if (mask & CPSR_T)
        env->thumb = ((val & CPSR_T) != 0);
    if (mask & CPSR_IT_0_1) {
        env->condexec_bits &= ~3;
        env->condexec_bits |= (val >> 25) & 3;
    }
    if (mask & CPSR_IT_2_7) {
        env->condexec_bits &= 3;
        env->condexec_bits |= (val >> 8) & 0xfc;
    }
    if (mask & CPSR_GE) {
        env->GE = (val >> 16) & 0xf;
    }

    /* In a V7 implementation that includes the security extensions but does
     * not include Virtualization Extensions the SCR.FW and SCR.AW bits control
     * whether non-secure software is allowed to change the CPSR_F and CPSR_A
     * bits respectively.
     *
     * In a V8 implementation, it is permitted for privileged software to
     * change the CPSR A/F bits regardless of the SCR.AW/FW bits.
     */
    if (write_type != CPSRWriteRaw && !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8) &&
        arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3) &&
        !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2) &&
        !arm_is_secure(env)) {

        changed_daif = (env->daif ^ val) & mask;

        if (changed_daif & CPSR_A) {
            /* Check to see if we are allowed to change the masking of async
             * abort exceptions from a non-secure state.
             */
            if (!(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_AW)) {
                qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                              "Ignoring attempt to switch CPSR_A flag from "
                              "non-secure world with SCR.AW bit clear\n");
                mask &= ~CPSR_A;
            }
        }

        if (changed_daif & CPSR_F) {
            /* Check to see if we are allowed to change the masking of FIQ
             * exceptions from a non-secure state.
             */
            if (!(env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_FW)) {
                qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                              "Ignoring attempt to switch CPSR_F flag from "
                              "non-secure world with SCR.FW bit clear\n");
                mask &= ~CPSR_F;
            }

            /* Check whether non-maskable FIQ (NMFI) support is enabled.
             * If this bit is set software is not allowed to mask
             * FIQs, but is allowed to set CPSR_F to 0.
             */
            if ((A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_GET(env, sctlr) & SCTLR_NMFI) &&
                (val & CPSR_F)) {
                qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                              "Ignoring attempt to enable CPSR_F flag "
                              "(non-maskable FIQ [NMFI] support enabled)\n");
                mask &= ~CPSR_F;
            }
        }
    }

    env->daif &= ~(CPSR_AIF & mask);
    env->daif |= val & CPSR_AIF & mask;

    if (write_type != CPSRWriteRaw &&
        ((env->uncached_cpsr ^ val) & mask & CPSR_M)) {
        if ((env->uncached_cpsr & CPSR_M) == ARM_CPU_MODE_USR) {
            /* Note that we can only get here in USR mode if this is a
             * gdb stub write; for this case we follow the architectural
             * behaviour for guest writes in USR mode of ignoring an attempt
             * to switch mode. (Those are caught by translate.c for writes
             * triggered by guest instructions.)
             */
            mask &= ~CPSR_M;
        } else if (bad_mode_switch(env, val & CPSR_M, write_type)) {
            /* Attempt to switch to an invalid mode: this is UNPREDICTABLE in
             * v7, and has defined behaviour in v8:
             *  + leave CPSR.M untouched
             *  + allow changes to the other CPSR fields
             *  + set PSTATE.IL
             * For user changes via the GDB stub, we don't set PSTATE.IL,
             * as this would be unnecessarily harsh for a user error.
             */
            mask &= ~CPSR_M;
            if (write_type != CPSRWriteByGDBStub &&
                arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
                mask |= CPSR_IL;
                val |= CPSR_IL;
            }
        } else {
            switch_mode(env, val & CPSR_M);
        }
    }
    mask &= ~CACHED_CPSR_BITS;
    env->uncached_cpsr = (env->uncached_cpsr & ~mask) | (val & mask);
}

/* Sign/zero extend */
uint32_t HELPER(sxtb16)(uint32_t x)
{
    uint32_t res;
    res = (uint16_t)(int8_t)x;
    res |= (uint32_t)(int8_t)(x >> 16) << 16;
    return res;
}

uint32_t HELPER(uxtb16)(uint32_t x)
{
    uint32_t res;
    res = (uint16_t)(uint8_t)x;
    res |= (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(x >> 16) << 16;
    return res;
}

int32_t HELPER(sdiv)(int32_t num, int32_t den)
{
    if (den == 0)
      return 0;
    if (num == INT_MIN && den == -1)
      return INT_MIN;
    return num / den;
}

uint32_t HELPER(udiv)(uint32_t num, uint32_t den)
{
    if (den == 0)
      return 0;
    return num / den;
}

uint32_t HELPER(rbit)(uint32_t x)
{
    return revbit32(x);
}

#if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)

/* These should probably raise undefined insn exceptions.  */
void HELPER(v7m_msr)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t reg, uint32_t val)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    cpu_abort(CPU(cpu), "v7m_msr %d\n", reg);
}

uint32_t HELPER(v7m_mrs)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t reg)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    cpu_abort(CPU(cpu), "v7m_mrs %d\n", reg);
    return 0;
}

void HELPER(v7m_bxns)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t dest)
{
    /* translate.c should never generate calls here in user-only mode */
    g_assert_not_reached();
}

void HELPER(v7m_blxns)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t dest)
{
    /* translate.c should never generate calls here in user-only mode */
    g_assert_not_reached();
}

uint32_t HELPER(v7m_tt)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t addr, uint32_t op)
{
    /* The TT instructions can be used by unprivileged code, but in
     * user-only emulation we don't have the MPU.
     * Luckily since we know we are NonSecure unprivileged (and that in
     * turn means that the A flag wasn't specified), all the bits in the
     * register must be zero:
     *  IREGION: 0 because IRVALID is 0
     *  IRVALID: 0 because NS
     *  S: 0 because NS
     *  NSRW: 0 because NS
     *  NSR: 0 because NS
     *  RW: 0 because unpriv and A flag not set
     *  R: 0 because unpriv and A flag not set
     *  SRVALID: 0 because NS
     *  MRVALID: 0 because unpriv and A flag not set
     *  SREGION: 0 becaus SRVALID is 0
     *  MREGION: 0 because MRVALID is 0
     */
    return 0;
}

void switch_mode(CPUARMState *env, int mode)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);

    if (mode != ARM_CPU_MODE_USR) {
        cpu_abort(CPU(cpu), "Tried to switch out of user mode\n");
    }
}

uint32_t arm_phys_excp_target_el(CPUState *cs, uint32_t excp_idx,
                                 uint32_t cur_el, bool secure)
{
    return 1;
}

void aarch64_sync_64_to_32(CPUARMState *env)
{
    g_assert_not_reached();
}

#else

void switch_mode(CPUARMState *env, int mode)
{
    int old_mode;
    int i;

    old_mode = env->uncached_cpsr & CPSR_M;
    if (mode == old_mode)
        return;

    if (old_mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ) {
        memcpy (env->fiq_regs, env->regs + 8, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t));
        memcpy (env->regs + 8, env->usr_regs, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t));
    } else if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ) {
        memcpy (env->usr_regs, env->regs + 8, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t));
        memcpy (env->regs + 8, env->fiq_regs, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t));
    }

    i = bank_number(old_mode);
    env->banked_r13[i] = env->regs[13];
    env->banked_r14[i] = env->regs[14];
    env->banked_spsr[i] = env->spsr;

    i = bank_number(mode);
    env->regs[13] = env->banked_r13[i];
    env->regs[14] = env->banked_r14[i];
    env->spsr = env->banked_spsr[i];
}

/* Physical Interrupt Target EL Lookup Table
 *
 * [ From ARM ARM section G1.13.4 (Table G1-15) ]
 *
 * The below multi-dimensional table is used for looking up the target
 * exception level given numerous condition criteria.  Specifically, the
 * target EL is based on SCR and HCR routing controls as well as the
 * currently executing EL and secure state.
 *
 *    Dimensions:
 *    target_el_table[2][2][2][2][2][4]
 *                    |  |  |  |  |  +--- Current EL
 *                    |  |  |  |  +------ Non-secure(0)/Secure(1)
 *                    |  |  |  +--------- HCR mask override
 *                    |  |  +------------ SCR exec state control
 *                    |  +--------------- SCR mask override
 *                    +------------------ 32-bit(0)/64-bit(1) EL3
 *
 *    The table values are as such:
 *    0-3 = EL0-EL3
 *     -1 = Cannot occur
 *
 * The ARM ARM target EL table includes entries indicating that an "exception
 * is not taken".  The two cases where this is applicable are:
 *    1) An exception is taken from EL3 but the SCR does not have the exception
 *    routed to EL3.
 *    2) An exception is taken from EL2 but the HCR does not have the exception
 *    routed to EL2.
 * In these two cases, the below table contain a target of EL1.  This value is
 * returned as it is expected that the consumer of the table data will check
 * for "target EL >= current EL" to ensure the exception is not taken.
 *
 *            SCR     HCR
 *         64  EA     AMO                 From
 *        BIT IRQ     IMO      Non-secure         Secure
 *        EL3 FIQ  RW FMO   EL0 EL1 EL2 EL3   EL0 EL1 EL2 EL3
 */
static const int8_t target_el_table[2][2][2][2][2][4] = {
    {{{{/* 0   0   0   0 */{ 1,  1,  2, -1 },{ 3, -1, -1,  3 },},
       {/* 0   0   0   1 */{ 2,  2,  2, -1 },{ 3, -1, -1,  3 },},},
      {{/* 0   0   1   0 */{ 1,  1,  2, -1 },{ 3, -1, -1,  3 },},
       {/* 0   0   1   1 */{ 2,  2,  2, -1 },{ 3, -1, -1,  3 },},},},
     {{{/* 0   1   0   0 */{ 3,  3,  3, -1 },{ 3, -1, -1,  3 },},
       {/* 0   1   0   1 */{ 3,  3,  3, -1 },{ 3, -1, -1,  3 },},},
      {{/* 0   1   1   0 */{ 3,  3,  3, -1 },{ 3, -1, -1,  3 },},
       {/* 0   1   1   1 */{ 3,  3,  3, -1 },{ 3, -1, -1,  3 },},},},},
    {{{{/* 1   0   0   0 */{ 1,  1,  2, -1 },{ 1,  1, -1,  1 },},
       {/* 1   0   0   1 */{ 2,  2,  2, -1 },{ 1,  1, -1,  1 },},},
      {{/* 1   0   1   0 */{ 1,  1,  1, -1 },{ 1,  1, -1,  1 },},
       {/* 1   0   1   1 */{ 2,  2,  2, -1 },{ 1,  1, -1,  1 },},},},
     {{{/* 1   1   0   0 */{ 3,  3,  3, -1 },{ 3,  3, -1,  3 },},
       {/* 1   1   0   1 */{ 3,  3,  3, -1 },{ 3,  3, -1,  3 },},},
      {{/* 1   1   1   0 */{ 3,  3,  3, -1 },{ 3,  3, -1,  3 },},
       {/* 1   1   1   1 */{ 3,  3,  3, -1 },{ 3,  3, -1,  3 },},},},},
};

/*
 * Determine the target EL for physical exceptions
 */
uint32_t arm_phys_excp_target_el(CPUState *cs, uint32_t excp_idx,
                                 uint32_t cur_el, bool secure)
{
    CPUARMState *env = cs->env_ptr;
    int rw;
    int scr;
    int hcr;
    int target_el;
    /* Is the highest EL AArch64? */
    int is64 = arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_AARCH64);

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
        rw = ((env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_RW) == SCR_RW);
    } else {
        /* Either EL2 is the highest EL (and so the EL2 register width
         * is given by is64); or there is no EL2 or EL3, in which case
         * the value of 'rw' does not affect the table lookup anyway.
         */
        rw = is64;
    }

    switch (excp_idx) {
    case EXCP_IRQ:
        scr = ((env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_IRQ) == SCR_IRQ);
        hcr = ((env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_IMO) == HCR_IMO);
        break;
    case EXCP_FIQ:
        scr = ((env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_FIQ) == SCR_FIQ);
        hcr = ((env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_FMO) == HCR_FMO);
        break;
    default:
        scr = ((env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_EA) == SCR_EA);
        hcr = ((env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_AMO) == HCR_AMO);
        break;
    };

    /* If HCR.TGE is set then HCR is treated as being 1 */
    hcr |= ((env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_TGE) == HCR_TGE);

    /* Perform a table-lookup for the target EL given the current state */
    target_el = target_el_table[is64][scr][rw][hcr][secure][cur_el];

    assert(target_el > 0);

    return target_el;
}

static bool v7m_stack_write(ARMCPU *cpu, uint32_t addr, uint32_t value,
                            ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx, bool ignfault)
{
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
    MemTxResult txres;
    target_ulong page_size;
    hwaddr physaddr;
    int prot;
    ARMMMUFaultInfo fi;
    bool secure = mmu_idx & ARM_MMU_IDX_M_S;
    int exc;
    bool exc_secure;

    if (get_phys_addr(env, addr, MMU_DATA_STORE, mmu_idx, &physaddr,
                      &attrs, &prot, &page_size, &fi, NULL)) {
        /* MPU/SAU lookup failed */
        if (fi.type == ARMFault_QEMU_SFault) {
            qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                          "...SecureFault with SFSR.AUVIOL during stacking\n");
            env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_AUVIOL_MASK | R_V7M_SFSR_SFARVALID_MASK;
            env->v7m.sfar = addr;
            exc = ARMV7M_EXCP_SECURE;
            exc_secure = false;
        } else {
            qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...MemManageFault with CFSR.MSTKERR\n");
            env->v7m.cfsr[secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_MSTKERR_MASK;
            exc = ARMV7M_EXCP_MEM;
            exc_secure = secure;
        }
        goto pend_fault;
    }
    address_space_stl_le(arm_addressspace(cs, attrs), physaddr, value,
                         attrs, &txres);
    if (txres != MEMTX_OK) {
        /* BusFault trying to write the data */
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...BusFault with BFSR.STKERR\n");
        env->v7m.cfsr[M_REG_NS] |= R_V7M_CFSR_STKERR_MASK;
        exc = ARMV7M_EXCP_BUS;
        exc_secure = false;
        goto pend_fault;
    }
    return true;

pend_fault:
    /* By pending the exception at this point we are making
     * the IMPDEF choice "overridden exceptions pended" (see the
     * MergeExcInfo() pseudocode). The other choice would be to not
     * pend them now and then make a choice about which to throw away
     * later if we have two derived exceptions.
     * The only case when we must not pend the exception but instead
     * throw it away is if we are doing the push of the callee registers
     * and we've already generated a derived exception. Even in this
     * case we will still update the fault status registers.
     */
    if (!ignfault) {
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending_derived(env->nvic, exc, exc_secure);
    }
    return false;
}

static bool v7m_stack_read(ARMCPU *cpu, uint32_t *dest, uint32_t addr,
                           ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
    MemTxResult txres;
    target_ulong page_size;
    hwaddr physaddr;
    int prot;
    ARMMMUFaultInfo fi;
    bool secure = mmu_idx & ARM_MMU_IDX_M_S;
    int exc;
    bool exc_secure;
    uint32_t value;

    if (get_phys_addr(env, addr, MMU_DATA_LOAD, mmu_idx, &physaddr,
                      &attrs, &prot, &page_size, &fi, NULL)) {
        /* MPU/SAU lookup failed */
        if (fi.type == ARMFault_QEMU_SFault) {
            qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                          "...SecureFault with SFSR.AUVIOL during unstack\n");
            env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_AUVIOL_MASK | R_V7M_SFSR_SFARVALID_MASK;
            env->v7m.sfar = addr;
            exc = ARMV7M_EXCP_SECURE;
            exc_secure = false;
        } else {
            qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                          "...MemManageFault with CFSR.MUNSTKERR\n");
            env->v7m.cfsr[secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_MUNSTKERR_MASK;
            exc = ARMV7M_EXCP_MEM;
            exc_secure = secure;
        }
        goto pend_fault;
    }

    value = address_space_ldl(arm_addressspace(cs, attrs), physaddr,
                              attrs, &txres);
    if (txres != MEMTX_OK) {
        /* BusFault trying to read the data */
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...BusFault with BFSR.UNSTKERR\n");
        env->v7m.cfsr[M_REG_NS] |= R_V7M_CFSR_UNSTKERR_MASK;
        exc = ARMV7M_EXCP_BUS;
        exc_secure = false;
        goto pend_fault;
    }

    *dest = value;
    return true;

pend_fault:
    /* By pending the exception at this point we are making
     * the IMPDEF choice "overridden exceptions pended" (see the
     * MergeExcInfo() pseudocode). The other choice would be to not
     * pend them now and then make a choice about which to throw away
     * later if we have two derived exceptions.
     */
    armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, exc, exc_secure);
    return false;
}

/* Return true if we're using the process stack pointer (not the MSP) */
static bool v7m_using_psp(CPUARMState *env)
{
    /* Handler mode always uses the main stack; for thread mode
     * the CONTROL.SPSEL bit determines the answer.
     * Note that in v7M it is not possible to be in Handler mode with
     * CONTROL.SPSEL non-zero, but in v8M it is, so we must check both.
     */
    return !arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env) &&
        env->v7m.control[env->v7m.secure] & R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_MASK;
}

/* Write to v7M CONTROL.SPSEL bit for the specified security bank.
 * This may change the current stack pointer between Main and Process
 * stack pointers if it is done for the CONTROL register for the current
 * security state.
 */
static void write_v7m_control_spsel_for_secstate(CPUARMState *env,
                                                 bool new_spsel,
                                                 bool secstate)
{
    bool old_is_psp = v7m_using_psp(env);

    env->v7m.control[secstate] =
        deposit32(env->v7m.control[secstate],
                  R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_SHIFT,
                  R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_LENGTH, new_spsel);

    if (secstate == env->v7m.secure) {
        bool new_is_psp = v7m_using_psp(env);
        uint32_t tmp;

        if (old_is_psp != new_is_psp) {
            tmp = env->v7m.other_sp;
            env->v7m.other_sp = env->regs[13];
            env->regs[13] = tmp;
        }
    }
}

/* Write to v7M CONTROL.SPSEL bit. This may change the current
 * stack pointer between Main and Process stack pointers.
 */
static void write_v7m_control_spsel(CPUARMState *env, bool new_spsel)
{
    write_v7m_control_spsel_for_secstate(env, new_spsel, env->v7m.secure);
}

void write_v7m_exception(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t new_exc)
{
    /* Write a new value to v7m.exception, thus transitioning into or out
     * of Handler mode; this may result in a change of active stack pointer.
     */
    bool new_is_psp, old_is_psp = v7m_using_psp(env);
    uint32_t tmp;

    env->v7m.exception = new_exc;

    new_is_psp = v7m_using_psp(env);

    if (old_is_psp != new_is_psp) {
        tmp = env->v7m.other_sp;
        env->v7m.other_sp = env->regs[13];
        env->regs[13] = tmp;
    }
}

/* Switch M profile security state between NS and S */
static void switch_v7m_security_state(CPUARMState *env, bool new_secstate)
{
    uint32_t new_ss_msp, new_ss_psp;

    if (env->v7m.secure == new_secstate) {
        return;
    }

    /* All the banked state is accessed by looking at env->v7m.secure
     * except for the stack pointer; rearrange the SP appropriately.
     */
    new_ss_msp = env->v7m.other_ss_msp;
    new_ss_psp = env->v7m.other_ss_psp;

    if (v7m_using_psp(env)) {
        env->v7m.other_ss_psp = env->regs[13];
        env->v7m.other_ss_msp = env->v7m.other_sp;
    } else {
        env->v7m.other_ss_msp = env->regs[13];
        env->v7m.other_ss_psp = env->v7m.other_sp;
    }

    env->v7m.secure = new_secstate;

    if (v7m_using_psp(env)) {
        env->regs[13] = new_ss_psp;
        env->v7m.other_sp = new_ss_msp;
    } else {
        env->regs[13] = new_ss_msp;
        env->v7m.other_sp = new_ss_psp;
    }
}

void HELPER(v7m_bxns)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t dest)
{
    /* Handle v7M BXNS:
     *  - if the return value is a magic value, do exception return (like BX)
     *  - otherwise bit 0 of the return value is the target security state
     */
    uint32_t min_magic;

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
        /* Covers FNC_RETURN and EXC_RETURN magic */
        min_magic = FNC_RETURN_MIN_MAGIC;
    } else {
        /* EXC_RETURN magic only */
        min_magic = EXC_RETURN_MIN_MAGIC;
    }

    if (dest >= min_magic) {
        /* This is an exception return magic value; put it where
         * do_v7m_exception_exit() expects and raise EXCEPTION_EXIT.
         * Note that if we ever add gen_ss_advance() singlestep support to
         * M profile this should count as an "instruction execution complete"
         * event (compare gen_bx_excret_final_code()).
         */
        env->regs[15] = dest & ~1;
        env->thumb = dest & 1;
        HELPER(exception_internal)(env, EXCP_EXCEPTION_EXIT);
        /* notreached */
    }

    /* translate.c should have made BXNS UNDEF unless we're secure */
    assert(env->v7m.secure);

    switch_v7m_security_state(env, dest & 1);
    env->thumb = 1;
    env->regs[15] = dest & ~1;
}

void HELPER(v7m_blxns)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t dest)
{
    /* Handle v7M BLXNS:
     *  - bit 0 of the destination address is the target security state
     */

    /* At this point regs[15] is the address just after the BLXNS */
    uint32_t nextinst = env->regs[15] | 1;
    uint32_t sp = env->regs[13] - 8;
    uint32_t saved_psr;

    /* translate.c will have made BLXNS UNDEF unless we're secure */
    assert(env->v7m.secure);

    if (dest & 1) {
        /* target is Secure, so this is just a normal BLX,
         * except that the low bit doesn't indicate Thumb/not.
         */
        env->regs[14] = nextinst;
        env->thumb = 1;
        env->regs[15] = dest & ~1;
        return;
    }

    /* Target is non-secure: first push a stack frame */
    if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(sp, 8)) {
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                      "BLXNS with misaligned SP is UNPREDICTABLE\n");
    }

    saved_psr = env->v7m.exception;
    if (env->v7m.control[M_REG_S] & R_V7M_CONTROL_SFPA_MASK) {
        saved_psr |= XPSR_SFPA;
    }

    /* Note that these stores can throw exceptions on MPU faults */
    cpu_stl_data(env, sp, nextinst);
    cpu_stl_data(env, sp + 4, saved_psr);

    env->regs[13] = sp;
    env->regs[14] = 0xfeffffff;
    if (arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env)) {
        /* Write a dummy value to IPSR, to avoid leaking the current secure
         * exception number to non-secure code. This is guaranteed not
         * to cause write_v7m_exception() to actually change stacks.
         */
        write_v7m_exception(env, 1);
    }
    switch_v7m_security_state(env, 0);
    env->thumb = 1;
    env->regs[15] = dest;
}

static uint32_t *get_v7m_sp_ptr(CPUARMState *env, bool secure, bool threadmode,
                                bool spsel)
{
    /* Return a pointer to the location where we currently store the
     * stack pointer for the requested security state and thread mode.
     * This pointer will become invalid if the CPU state is updated
     * such that the stack pointers are switched around (eg changing
     * the SPSEL control bit).
     * Compare the v8M ARM ARM pseudocode LookUpSP_with_security_mode().
     * Unlike that pseudocode, we require the caller to pass us in the
     * SPSEL control bit value; this is because we also use this
     * function in handling of pushing of the callee-saves registers
     * part of the v8M stack frame (pseudocode PushCalleeStack()),
     * and in the tailchain codepath the SPSEL bit comes from the exception
     * return magic LR value from the previous exception. The pseudocode
     * opencodes the stack-selection in PushCalleeStack(), but we prefer
     * to make this utility function generic enough to do the job.
     */
    bool want_psp = threadmode && spsel;

    if (secure == env->v7m.secure) {
        if (want_psp == v7m_using_psp(env)) {
            return &env->regs[13];
        } else {
            return &env->v7m.other_sp;
        }
    } else {
        if (want_psp) {
            return &env->v7m.other_ss_psp;
        } else {
            return &env->v7m.other_ss_msp;
        }
    }
}

static bool arm_v7m_load_vector(ARMCPU *cpu, int exc, bool targets_secure,
                                uint32_t *pvec)
{
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    MemTxResult result;
    uint32_t addr = env->v7m.vecbase[targets_secure] + exc * 4;
    uint32_t vector_entry;
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx;
    bool exc_secure;

    mmu_idx = arm_v7m_mmu_idx_for_secstate_and_priv(env, targets_secure, true);

    /* We don't do a get_phys_addr() here because the rules for vector
     * loads are special: they always use the default memory map, and
     * the default memory map permits reads from all addresses.
     * Since there's no easy way to pass through to pmsav8_mpu_lookup()
     * that we want this special case which would always say "yes",
     * we just do the SAU lookup here followed by a direct physical load.
     */
    attrs.secure = targets_secure;
    attrs.user = false;

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
        V8M_SAttributes sattrs = {};

        v8m_security_lookup(env, addr, MMU_DATA_LOAD, mmu_idx, &sattrs);
        if (sattrs.ns) {
            attrs.secure = false;
        } else if (!targets_secure) {
            /* NS access to S memory */
            goto load_fail;
        }
    }

    vector_entry = address_space_ldl(arm_addressspace(cs, attrs), addr,
                                     attrs, &result);
    if (result != MEMTX_OK) {
        goto load_fail;
    }
    *pvec = vector_entry;
    return true;

load_fail:
    /* All vector table fetch fails are reported as HardFault, with
     * HFSR.VECTTBL and .FORCED set. (FORCED is set because
     * technically the underlying exception is a MemManage or BusFault
     * that is escalated to HardFault.) This is a terminal exception,
     * so we will either take the HardFault immediately or else enter
     * lockup (the latter case is handled in armv7m_nvic_set_pending_derived()).
     */
    exc_secure = targets_secure ||
        !(cpu->env.v7m.aircr & R_V7M_AIRCR_BFHFNMINS_MASK);
    env->v7m.hfsr |= R_V7M_HFSR_VECTTBL_MASK | R_V7M_HFSR_FORCED_MASK;
    armv7m_nvic_set_pending_derived(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_HARD, exc_secure);
    return false;
}

static bool v7m_push_callee_stack(ARMCPU *cpu, uint32_t lr, bool dotailchain,
                                  bool ignore_faults)
{
    /* For v8M, push the callee-saves register part of the stack frame.
     * Compare the v8M pseudocode PushCalleeStack().
     * In the tailchaining case this may not be the current stack.
     */
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    uint32_t *frame_sp_p;
    uint32_t frameptr;
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx;
    bool stacked_ok;

    if (dotailchain) {
        bool mode = lr & R_V7M_EXCRET_MODE_MASK;
        bool priv = !(env->v7m.control[M_REG_S] & R_V7M_CONTROL_NPRIV_MASK) ||
            !mode;

        mmu_idx = arm_v7m_mmu_idx_for_secstate_and_priv(env, M_REG_S, priv);
        frame_sp_p = get_v7m_sp_ptr(env, M_REG_S, mode,
                                    lr & R_V7M_EXCRET_SPSEL_MASK);
    } else {
        mmu_idx = core_to_arm_mmu_idx(env, cpu_mmu_index(env, false));
        frame_sp_p = &env->regs[13];
    }

    frameptr = *frame_sp_p - 0x28;

    /* Write as much of the stack frame as we can. A write failure may
     * cause us to pend a derived exception.
     */
    stacked_ok =
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr, 0xfefa125b, mmu_idx, ignore_faults) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 0x8, env->regs[4], mmu_idx,
                        ignore_faults) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 0xc, env->regs[5], mmu_idx,
                        ignore_faults) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 0x10, env->regs[6], mmu_idx,
                        ignore_faults) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 0x14, env->regs[7], mmu_idx,
                        ignore_faults) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 0x18, env->regs[8], mmu_idx,
                        ignore_faults) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 0x1c, env->regs[9], mmu_idx,
                        ignore_faults) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 0x20, env->regs[10], mmu_idx,
                        ignore_faults) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 0x24, env->regs[11], mmu_idx,
                        ignore_faults);

    /* Update SP regardless of whether any of the stack accesses failed.
     * When we implement v8M stack limit checking then this attempt to
     * update SP might also fail and result in a derived exception.
     */
    *frame_sp_p = frameptr;

    return !stacked_ok;
}

static void v7m_exception_taken(ARMCPU *cpu, uint32_t lr, bool dotailchain,
                                bool ignore_stackfaults)
{
    /* Do the "take the exception" parts of exception entry,
     * but not the pushing of state to the stack. This is
     * similar to the pseudocode ExceptionTaken() function.
     */
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    uint32_t addr;
    bool targets_secure;
    int exc;
    bool push_failed = false;

    armv7m_nvic_get_pending_irq_info(env->nvic, &exc, &targets_secure);

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY) &&
            (lr & R_V7M_EXCRET_S_MASK)) {
            /* The background code (the owner of the registers in the
             * exception frame) is Secure. This means it may either already
             * have or now needs to push callee-saves registers.
             */
            if (targets_secure) {
                if (dotailchain && !(lr & R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK)) {
                    /* We took an exception from Secure to NonSecure
                     * (which means the callee-saved registers got stacked)
                     * and are now tailchaining to a Secure exception.
                     * Clear DCRS so eventual return from this Secure
                     * exception unstacks the callee-saved registers.
                     */
                    lr &= ~R_V7M_EXCRET_DCRS_MASK;
                }
            } else {
                /* We're going to a non-secure exception; push the
                 * callee-saves registers to the stack now, if they're
                 * not already saved.
                 */
                if (lr & R_V7M_EXCRET_DCRS_MASK &&
                    !(dotailchain && (lr & R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK))) {
                    push_failed = v7m_push_callee_stack(cpu, lr, dotailchain,
                                                        ignore_stackfaults);
                }
                lr |= R_V7M_EXCRET_DCRS_MASK;
            }
        }

        lr &= ~R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK;
        if (targets_secure || !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
            lr |= R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK;
        }
        lr &= ~R_V7M_EXCRET_SPSEL_MASK;
        if (env->v7m.control[targets_secure] & R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_MASK) {
            lr |= R_V7M_EXCRET_SPSEL_MASK;
        }

        /* Clear registers if necessary to prevent non-secure exception
         * code being able to see register values from secure code.
         * Where register values become architecturally UNKNOWN we leave
         * them with their previous values.
         */
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
            if (!targets_secure) {
                /* Always clear the caller-saved registers (they have been
                 * pushed to the stack earlier in v7m_push_stack()).
                 * Clear callee-saved registers if the background code is
                 * Secure (in which case these regs were saved in
                 * v7m_push_callee_stack()).
                 */
                int i;

                for (i = 0; i < 13; i++) {
                    /* r4..r11 are callee-saves, zero only if EXCRET.S == 1 */
                    if (i < 4 || i > 11 || (lr & R_V7M_EXCRET_S_MASK)) {
                        env->regs[i] = 0;
                    }
                }
                /* Clear EAPSR */
                xpsr_write(env, 0, XPSR_NZCV | XPSR_Q | XPSR_GE | XPSR_IT);
            }
        }
    }

    if (push_failed && !ignore_stackfaults) {
        /* Derived exception on callee-saves register stacking:
         * we might now want to take a different exception which
         * targets a different security state, so try again from the top.
         */
        v7m_exception_taken(cpu, lr, true, true);
        return;
    }

    if (!arm_v7m_load_vector(cpu, exc, targets_secure, &addr)) {
        /* Vector load failed: derived exception */
        v7m_exception_taken(cpu, lr, true, true);
        return;
    }

    /* Now we've done everything that might cause a derived exception
     * we can go ahead and activate whichever exception we're going to
     * take (which might now be the derived exception).
     */
    armv7m_nvic_acknowledge_irq(env->nvic);

    /* Switch to target security state -- must do this before writing SPSEL */
    switch_v7m_security_state(env, targets_secure);
    write_v7m_control_spsel(env, 0);
    arm_clear_exclusive(env);
    /* Clear IT bits */
    env->condexec_bits = 0;
    env->regs[14] = lr;
    env->regs[15] = addr & 0xfffffffe;
    env->thumb = addr & 1;
}

static bool v7m_push_stack(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    /* Do the "set up stack frame" part of exception entry,
     * similar to pseudocode PushStack().
     * Return true if we generate a derived exception (and so
     * should ignore further stack faults trying to process
     * that derived exception.)
     */
    bool stacked_ok;
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    uint32_t xpsr = xpsr_read(env);
    uint32_t frameptr = env->regs[13];
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx = core_to_arm_mmu_idx(env, cpu_mmu_index(env, false));

    /* Align stack pointer if the guest wants that */
    if ((frameptr & 4) &&
        (env->v7m.ccr[env->v7m.secure] & R_V7M_CCR_STKALIGN_MASK)) {
        frameptr -= 4;
        xpsr |= XPSR_SPREALIGN;
    }

    frameptr -= 0x20;

    /* Write as much of the stack frame as we can. If we fail a stack
     * write this will result in a derived exception being pended
     * (which may be taken in preference to the one we started with
     * if it has higher priority).
     */
    stacked_ok =
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr, env->regs[0], mmu_idx, false) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 4, env->regs[1], mmu_idx, false) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 8, env->regs[2], mmu_idx, false) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 12, env->regs[3], mmu_idx, false) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 16, env->regs[12], mmu_idx, false) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 20, env->regs[14], mmu_idx, false) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 24, env->regs[15], mmu_idx, false) &&
        v7m_stack_write(cpu, frameptr + 28, xpsr, mmu_idx, false);

    /* Update SP regardless of whether any of the stack accesses failed.
     * When we implement v8M stack limit checking then this attempt to
     * update SP might also fail and result in a derived exception.
     */
    env->regs[13] = frameptr;

    return !stacked_ok;
}

static void do_v7m_exception_exit(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    uint32_t excret;
    uint32_t xpsr;
    bool ufault = false;
    bool sfault = false;
    bool return_to_sp_process;
    bool return_to_handler;
    bool rettobase = false;
    bool exc_secure = false;
    bool return_to_secure;

    /* If we're not in Handler mode then jumps to magic exception-exit
     * addresses don't have magic behaviour. However for the v8M
     * security extensions the magic secure-function-return has to
     * work in thread mode too, so to avoid doing an extra check in
     * the generated code we allow exception-exit magic to also cause the
     * internal exception and bring us here in thread mode. Correct code
     * will never try to do this (the following insn fetch will always
     * fault) so we the overhead of having taken an unnecessary exception
     * doesn't matter.
     */
    if (!arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env)) {
        return;
    }

    /* In the spec pseudocode ExceptionReturn() is called directly
     * from BXWritePC() and gets the full target PC value including
     * bit zero. In QEMU's implementation we treat it as a normal
     * jump-to-register (which is then caught later on), and so split
     * the target value up between env->regs[15] and env->thumb in
     * gen_bx(). Reconstitute it.
     */
    excret = env->regs[15];
    if (env->thumb) {
        excret |= 1;
    }

    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "Exception return: magic PC %" PRIx32
                  " previous exception %d\n",
                  excret, env->v7m.exception);

    if ((excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_RES1_MASK) != R_V7M_EXCRET_RES1_MASK) {
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "M profile: zero high bits in exception "
                      "exit PC value 0x%" PRIx32 " are UNPREDICTABLE\n",
                      excret);
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
        /* EXC_RETURN.ES validation check (R_SMFL). We must do this before
         * we pick which FAULTMASK to clear.
         */
        if (!env->v7m.secure &&
            ((excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK) ||
             !(excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_DCRS_MASK))) {
            sfault = 1;
            /* For all other purposes, treat ES as 0 (R_HXSR) */
            excret &= ~R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK;
        }
    }

    if (env->v7m.exception != ARMV7M_EXCP_NMI) {
        /* Auto-clear FAULTMASK on return from other than NMI.
         * If the security extension is implemented then this only
         * happens if the raw execution priority is >= 0; the
         * value of the ES bit in the exception return value indicates
         * which security state's faultmask to clear. (v8M ARM ARM R_KBNF.)
         */
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
            exc_secure = excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK;
            if (armv7m_nvic_raw_execution_priority(env->nvic) >= 0) {
                env->v7m.faultmask[exc_secure] = 0;
            }
        } else {
            env->v7m.faultmask[M_REG_NS] = 0;
        }
    }

    switch (armv7m_nvic_complete_irq(env->nvic, env->v7m.exception,
                                     exc_secure)) {
    case -1:
        /* attempt to exit an exception that isn't active */
        ufault = true;
        break;
    case 0:
        /* still an irq active now */
        break;
    case 1:
        /* we returned to base exception level, no nesting.
         * (In the pseudocode this is written using "NestedActivation != 1"
         * where we have 'rettobase == false'.)
         */
        rettobase = true;
        break;
    default:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }

    return_to_handler = !(excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_MODE_MASK);
    return_to_sp_process = excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_SPSEL_MASK;
    return_to_secure = arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY) &&
        (excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_S_MASK);

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
            /* UNPREDICTABLE if S == 1 or DCRS == 0 or ES == 1 (R_XLCP);
             * we choose to take the UsageFault.
             */
            if ((excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_S_MASK) ||
                (excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK) ||
                !(excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_DCRS_MASK)) {
                ufault = true;
            }
        }
        if (excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_RES0_MASK) {
            ufault = true;
        }
    } else {
        /* For v7M we only recognize certain combinations of the low bits */
        switch (excret & 0xf) {
        case 1: /* Return to Handler */
            break;
        case 13: /* Return to Thread using Process stack */
        case 9: /* Return to Thread using Main stack */
            /* We only need to check NONBASETHRDENA for v7M, because in
             * v8M this bit does not exist (it is RES1).
             */
            if (!rettobase &&
                !(env->v7m.ccr[env->v7m.secure] &
                  R_V7M_CCR_NONBASETHRDENA_MASK)) {
                ufault = true;
            }
            break;
        default:
            ufault = true;
        }
    }

    if (sfault) {
        env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_INVER_MASK;
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_SECURE, false);
        v7m_exception_taken(cpu, excret, true, false);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...taking SecureFault on existing "
                      "stackframe: failed EXC_RETURN.ES validity check\n");
        return;
    }

    if (ufault) {
        /* Bad exception return: instead of popping the exception
         * stack, directly take a usage fault on the current stack.
         */
        env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_INVPC_MASK;
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_USAGE, env->v7m.secure);
        v7m_exception_taken(cpu, excret, true, false);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...taking UsageFault on existing "
                      "stackframe: failed exception return integrity check\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Set CONTROL.SPSEL from excret.SPSEL. Since we're still in
     * Handler mode (and will be until we write the new XPSR.Interrupt
     * field) this does not switch around the current stack pointer.
     */
    write_v7m_control_spsel_for_secstate(env, return_to_sp_process, exc_secure);

    switch_v7m_security_state(env, return_to_secure);

    {
        /* The stack pointer we should be reading the exception frame from
         * depends on bits in the magic exception return type value (and
         * for v8M isn't necessarily the stack pointer we will eventually
         * end up resuming execution with). Get a pointer to the location
         * in the CPU state struct where the SP we need is currently being
         * stored; we will use and modify it in place.
         * We use this limited C variable scope so we don't accidentally
         * use 'frame_sp_p' after we do something that makes it invalid.
         */
        uint32_t *frame_sp_p = get_v7m_sp_ptr(env,
                                              return_to_secure,
                                              !return_to_handler,
                                              return_to_sp_process);
        uint32_t frameptr = *frame_sp_p;
        bool pop_ok = true;
        ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx;

        mmu_idx = arm_v7m_mmu_idx_for_secstate_and_priv(env, return_to_secure,
                                                        !return_to_handler);

        if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(frameptr, 8) &&
            arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                          "M profile exception return with non-8-aligned SP "
                          "for destination state is UNPREDICTABLE\n");
        }

        /* Do we need to pop callee-saved registers? */
        if (return_to_secure &&
            ((excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK) == 0 ||
             (excret & R_V7M_EXCRET_DCRS_MASK) == 0)) {
            uint32_t expected_sig = 0xfefa125b;
            uint32_t actual_sig;

            pop_ok = v7m_stack_read(cpu, &actual_sig, frameptr, mmu_idx);

            if (pop_ok && expected_sig != actual_sig) {
                /* Take a SecureFault on the current stack */
                env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_INVIS_MASK;
                armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_SECURE, false);
                v7m_exception_taken(cpu, excret, true, false);
                qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...taking SecureFault on existing "
                              "stackframe: failed exception return integrity "
                              "signature check\n");
                return;
            }

            pop_ok = pop_ok &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[4], frameptr + 0x8, mmu_idx) &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[4], frameptr + 0x8, mmu_idx) &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[5], frameptr + 0xc, mmu_idx) &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[6], frameptr + 0x10, mmu_idx) &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[7], frameptr + 0x14, mmu_idx) &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[8], frameptr + 0x18, mmu_idx) &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[9], frameptr + 0x1c, mmu_idx) &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[10], frameptr + 0x20, mmu_idx) &&
                v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[11], frameptr + 0x24, mmu_idx);

            frameptr += 0x28;
        }

        /* Pop registers */
        pop_ok = pop_ok &&
            v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[0], frameptr, mmu_idx) &&
            v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[1], frameptr + 0x4, mmu_idx) &&
            v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[2], frameptr + 0x8, mmu_idx) &&
            v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[3], frameptr + 0xc, mmu_idx) &&
            v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[12], frameptr + 0x10, mmu_idx) &&
            v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[14], frameptr + 0x14, mmu_idx) &&
            v7m_stack_read(cpu, &env->regs[15], frameptr + 0x18, mmu_idx) &&
            v7m_stack_read(cpu, &xpsr, frameptr + 0x1c, mmu_idx);

        if (!pop_ok) {
            /* v7m_stack_read() pended a fault, so take it (as a tail
             * chained exception on the same stack frame)
             */
            v7m_exception_taken(cpu, excret, true, false);
            return;
        }

        /* Returning from an exception with a PC with bit 0 set is defined
         * behaviour on v8M (bit 0 is ignored), but for v7M it was specified
         * to be UNPREDICTABLE. In practice actual v7M hardware seems to ignore
         * the lsbit, and there are several RTOSes out there which incorrectly
         * assume the r15 in the stack frame should be a Thumb-style "lsbit
         * indicates ARM/Thumb" value, so ignore the bit on v7M as well, but
         * complain about the badly behaved guest.
         */
        if (env->regs[15] & 1) {
            env->regs[15] &= ~1U;
            if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
                qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                              "M profile return from interrupt with misaligned "
                              "PC is UNPREDICTABLE on v7M\n");
            }
        }

        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            /* For v8M we have to check whether the xPSR exception field
             * matches the EXCRET value for return to handler/thread
             * before we commit to changing the SP and xPSR.
             */
            bool will_be_handler = (xpsr & XPSR_EXCP) != 0;
            if (return_to_handler != will_be_handler) {
                /* Take an INVPC UsageFault on the current stack.
                 * By this point we will have switched to the security state
                 * for the background state, so this UsageFault will target
                 * that state.
                 */
                armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_USAGE,
                                        env->v7m.secure);
                env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_INVPC_MASK;
                v7m_exception_taken(cpu, excret, true, false);
                qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...taking UsageFault on existing "
                              "stackframe: failed exception return integrity "
                              "check\n");
                return;
            }
        }

        /* Commit to consuming the stack frame */
        frameptr += 0x20;
        /* Undo stack alignment (the SPREALIGN bit indicates that the original
         * pre-exception SP was not 8-aligned and we added a padding word to
         * align it, so we undo this by ORing in the bit that increases it
         * from the current 8-aligned value to the 8-unaligned value. (Adding 4
         * would work too but a logical OR is how the pseudocode specifies it.)
         */
        if (xpsr & XPSR_SPREALIGN) {
            frameptr |= 4;
        }
        *frame_sp_p = frameptr;
    }
    /* This xpsr_write() will invalidate frame_sp_p as it may switch stack */
    xpsr_write(env, xpsr, ~XPSR_SPREALIGN);

    /* The restored xPSR exception field will be zero if we're
     * resuming in Thread mode. If that doesn't match what the
     * exception return excret specified then this is a UsageFault.
     * v7M requires we make this check here; v8M did it earlier.
     */
    if (return_to_handler != arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env)) {
        /* Take an INVPC UsageFault by pushing the stack again;
         * we know we're v7M so this is never a Secure UsageFault.
         */
        bool ignore_stackfaults;

        assert(!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8));
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_USAGE, false);
        env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_INVPC_MASK;
        ignore_stackfaults = v7m_push_stack(cpu);
        v7m_exception_taken(cpu, excret, false, ignore_stackfaults);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...taking UsageFault on new stackframe: "
                      "failed exception return integrity check\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Otherwise, we have a successful exception exit. */
    arm_clear_exclusive(env);
    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...successful exception return\n");
}

static bool do_v7m_function_return(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    /* v8M security extensions magic function return.
     * We may either:
     *  (1) throw an exception (longjump)
     *  (2) return true if we successfully handled the function return
     *  (3) return false if we failed a consistency check and have
     *      pended a UsageFault that needs to be taken now
     *
     * At this point the magic return value is split between env->regs[15]
     * and env->thumb. We don't bother to reconstitute it because we don't
     * need it (all values are handled the same way).
     */
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    uint32_t newpc, newpsr, newpsr_exc;

    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...really v7M secure function return\n");

    {
        bool threadmode, spsel;
        TCGMemOpIdx oi;
        ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx;
        uint32_t *frame_sp_p;
        uint32_t frameptr;

        /* Pull the return address and IPSR from the Secure stack */
        threadmode = !arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env);
        spsel = env->v7m.control[M_REG_S] & R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_MASK;

        frame_sp_p = get_v7m_sp_ptr(env, true, threadmode, spsel);
        frameptr = *frame_sp_p;

        /* These loads may throw an exception (for MPU faults). We want to
         * do them as secure, so work out what MMU index that is.
         */
        mmu_idx = arm_v7m_mmu_idx_for_secstate(env, true);
        oi = make_memop_idx(MO_LE, arm_to_core_mmu_idx(mmu_idx));
        newpc = helper_le_ldul_mmu(env, frameptr, oi, 0);
        newpsr = helper_le_ldul_mmu(env, frameptr + 4, oi, 0);

        /* Consistency checks on new IPSR */
        newpsr_exc = newpsr & XPSR_EXCP;
        if (!((env->v7m.exception == 0 && newpsr_exc == 0) ||
              (env->v7m.exception == 1 && newpsr_exc != 0))) {
            /* Pend the fault and tell our caller to take it */
            env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_INVPC_MASK;
            armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_USAGE,
                                    env->v7m.secure);
            qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                          "...taking INVPC UsageFault: "
                          "IPSR consistency check failed\n");
            return false;
        }

        *frame_sp_p = frameptr + 8;
    }

    /* This invalidates frame_sp_p */
    switch_v7m_security_state(env, true);
    env->v7m.exception = newpsr_exc;
    env->v7m.control[M_REG_S] &= ~R_V7M_CONTROL_SFPA_MASK;
    if (newpsr & XPSR_SFPA) {
        env->v7m.control[M_REG_S] |= R_V7M_CONTROL_SFPA_MASK;
    }
    xpsr_write(env, 0, XPSR_IT);
    env->thumb = newpc & 1;
    env->regs[15] = newpc & ~1;

    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...function return successful\n");
    return true;
}

static void arm_log_exception(int idx)
{
    if (qemu_loglevel_mask(CPU_LOG_INT)) {
        const char *exc = NULL;
        static const char * const excnames[] = {
            [EXCP_UDEF] = "Undefined Instruction",
            [EXCP_SWI] = "SVC",
            [EXCP_PREFETCH_ABORT] = "Prefetch Abort",
            [EXCP_DATA_ABORT] = "Data Abort",
            [EXCP_IRQ] = "IRQ",
            [EXCP_FIQ] = "FIQ",
            [EXCP_BKPT] = "Breakpoint",
            [EXCP_EXCEPTION_EXIT] = "QEMU v7M exception exit",
            [EXCP_KERNEL_TRAP] = "QEMU intercept of kernel commpage",
            [EXCP_HVC] = "Hypervisor Call",
            [EXCP_HYP_TRAP] = "Hypervisor Trap",
            [EXCP_SMC] = "Secure Monitor Call",
            [EXCP_VIRQ] = "Virtual IRQ",
            [EXCP_VFIQ] = "Virtual FIQ",
            [EXCP_SEMIHOST] = "Semihosting call",
            [EXCP_NOCP] = "v7M NOCP UsageFault",
            [EXCP_INVSTATE] = "v7M INVSTATE UsageFault",
        };

        if (idx >= 0 && idx < ARRAY_SIZE(excnames)) {
            exc = excnames[idx];
        }
        if (!exc) {
            exc = "unknown";
        }
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "Taking exception %d [%s]\n", idx, exc);
    }
}

static bool v7m_read_half_insn(ARMCPU *cpu, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                               uint32_t addr, uint16_t *insn)
{
    /* Load a 16-bit portion of a v7M instruction, returning true on success,
     * or false on failure (in which case we will have pended the appropriate
     * exception).
     * We need to do the instruction fetch's MPU and SAU checks
     * like this because there is no MMU index that would allow
     * doing the load with a single function call. Instead we must
     * first check that the security attributes permit the load
     * and that they don't mismatch on the two halves of the instruction,
     * and then we do the load as a secure load (ie using the security
     * attributes of the address, not the CPU, as architecturally required).
     */
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    V8M_SAttributes sattrs = {};
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
    ARMMMUFaultInfo fi = {};
    MemTxResult txres;
    target_ulong page_size;
    hwaddr physaddr;
    int prot;

    v8m_security_lookup(env, addr, MMU_INST_FETCH, mmu_idx, &sattrs);
    if (!sattrs.nsc || sattrs.ns) {
        /* This must be the second half of the insn, and it straddles a
         * region boundary with the second half not being S&NSC.
         */
        env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_INVEP_MASK;
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_SECURE, false);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                      "...really SecureFault with SFSR.INVEP\n");
        return false;
    }
    if (get_phys_addr(env, addr, MMU_INST_FETCH, mmu_idx,
                      &physaddr, &attrs, &prot, &page_size, &fi, NULL)) {
        /* the MPU lookup failed */
        env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_IACCVIOL_MASK;
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_MEM, env->v7m.secure);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...really MemManage with CFSR.IACCVIOL\n");
        return false;
    }
    *insn = address_space_lduw_le(arm_addressspace(cs, attrs), physaddr,
                                 attrs, &txres);
    if (txres != MEMTX_OK) {
        env->v7m.cfsr[M_REG_NS] |= R_V7M_CFSR_IBUSERR_MASK;
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_BUS, false);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...really BusFault with CFSR.IBUSERR\n");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static bool v7m_handle_execute_nsc(ARMCPU *cpu)
{
    /* Check whether this attempt to execute code in a Secure & NS-Callable
     * memory region is for an SG instruction; if so, then emulate the
     * effect of the SG instruction and return true. Otherwise pend
     * the correct kind of exception and return false.
     */
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx;
    uint16_t insn;

    /* We should never get here unless get_phys_addr_pmsav8() caused
     * an exception for NS executing in S&NSC memory.
     */
    assert(!env->v7m.secure);
    assert(arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY));

    /* We want to do the MPU lookup as secure; work out what mmu_idx that is */
    mmu_idx = arm_v7m_mmu_idx_for_secstate(env, true);

    if (!v7m_read_half_insn(cpu, mmu_idx, env->regs[15], &insn)) {
        return false;
    }

    if (!env->thumb) {
        goto gen_invep;
    }

    if (insn != 0xe97f) {
        /* Not an SG instruction first half (we choose the IMPDEF
         * early-SG-check option).
         */
        goto gen_invep;
    }

    if (!v7m_read_half_insn(cpu, mmu_idx, env->regs[15] + 2, &insn)) {
        return false;
    }

    if (insn != 0xe97f) {
        /* Not an SG instruction second half (yes, both halves of the SG
         * insn have the same hex value)
         */
        goto gen_invep;
    }

    /* OK, we have confirmed that we really have an SG instruction.
     * We know we're NS in S memory so don't need to repeat those checks.
     */
    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...really an SG instruction at 0x%08" PRIx32
                  ", executing it\n", env->regs[15]);
    env->regs[14] &= ~1;
    switch_v7m_security_state(env, true);
    xpsr_write(env, 0, XPSR_IT);
    env->regs[15] += 4;
    return true;

gen_invep:
    env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_INVEP_MASK;
    armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_SECURE, false);
    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                  "...really SecureFault with SFSR.INVEP\n");
    return false;
}

void arm_v7m_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    uint32_t lr;
    bool ignore_stackfaults;

    arm_log_exception(cs->exception_index);

    /* For exceptions we just mark as pending on the NVIC, and let that
       handle it.  */
    switch (cs->exception_index) {
    case EXCP_UDEF:
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_USAGE, env->v7m.secure);
        env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_UNDEFINSTR_MASK;
        break;
    case EXCP_NOCP:
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_USAGE, env->v7m.secure);
        env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_NOCP_MASK;
        break;
    case EXCP_INVSTATE:
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_USAGE, env->v7m.secure);
        env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_INVSTATE_MASK;
        break;
    case EXCP_SWI:
        /* The PC already points to the next instruction.  */
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_SVC, env->v7m.secure);
        break;
    case EXCP_PREFETCH_ABORT:
    case EXCP_DATA_ABORT:
        /* Note that for M profile we don't have a guest facing FSR, but
         * the env->exception.fsr will be populated by the code that
         * raises the fault, in the A profile short-descriptor format.
         */
        switch (env->exception.fsr & 0xf) {
        case M_FAKE_FSR_NSC_EXEC:
            /* Exception generated when we try to execute code at an address
             * which is marked as Secure & Non-Secure Callable and the CPU
             * is in the Non-Secure state. The only instruction which can
             * be executed like this is SG (and that only if both halves of
             * the SG instruction have the same security attributes.)
             * Everything else must generate an INVEP SecureFault, so we
             * emulate the SG instruction here.
             */
            if (v7m_handle_execute_nsc(cpu)) {
                return;
            }
            break;
        case M_FAKE_FSR_SFAULT:
            /* Various flavours of SecureFault for attempts to execute or
             * access data in the wrong security state.
             */
            switch (cs->exception_index) {
            case EXCP_PREFETCH_ABORT:
                if (env->v7m.secure) {
                    env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_INVTRAN_MASK;
                    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                                  "...really SecureFault with SFSR.INVTRAN\n");
                } else {
                    env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_INVEP_MASK;
                    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                                  "...really SecureFault with SFSR.INVEP\n");
                }
                break;
            case EXCP_DATA_ABORT:
                /* This must be an NS access to S memory */
                env->v7m.sfsr |= R_V7M_SFSR_AUVIOL_MASK;
                qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                              "...really SecureFault with SFSR.AUVIOL\n");
                break;
            }
            armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_SECURE, false);
            break;
        case 0x8: /* External Abort */
            switch (cs->exception_index) {
            case EXCP_PREFETCH_ABORT:
                env->v7m.cfsr[M_REG_NS] |= R_V7M_CFSR_IBUSERR_MASK;
                qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...with CFSR.IBUSERR\n");
                break;
            case EXCP_DATA_ABORT:
                env->v7m.cfsr[M_REG_NS] |=
                    (R_V7M_CFSR_PRECISERR_MASK | R_V7M_CFSR_BFARVALID_MASK);
                env->v7m.bfar = env->exception.vaddress;
                qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                              "...with CFSR.PRECISERR and BFAR 0x%x\n",
                              env->v7m.bfar);
                break;
            }
            armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_BUS, false);
            break;
        default:
            /* All other FSR values are either MPU faults or "can't happen
             * for M profile" cases.
             */
            switch (cs->exception_index) {
            case EXCP_PREFETCH_ABORT:
                env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |= R_V7M_CFSR_IACCVIOL_MASK;
                qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...with CFSR.IACCVIOL\n");
                break;
            case EXCP_DATA_ABORT:
                env->v7m.cfsr[env->v7m.secure] |=
                    (R_V7M_CFSR_DACCVIOL_MASK | R_V7M_CFSR_MMARVALID_MASK);
                env->v7m.mmfar[env->v7m.secure] = env->exception.vaddress;
                qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                              "...with CFSR.DACCVIOL and MMFAR 0x%x\n",
                              env->v7m.mmfar[env->v7m.secure]);
                break;
            }
            armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_MEM,
                                    env->v7m.secure);
            break;
        }
        break;
    case EXCP_BKPT:
        if (semihosting_enabled()) {
            int nr;
            nr = arm_lduw_code(env, env->regs[15], arm_sctlr_b(env)) & 0xff;
            if (nr == 0xab) {
                env->regs[15] += 2;
                qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                              "...handling as semihosting call 0x%x\n",
                              env->regs[0]);
                env->regs[0] = do_arm_semihosting(env);
                return;
            }
        }
        armv7m_nvic_set_pending(env->nvic, ARMV7M_EXCP_DEBUG, false);
        break;
    case EXCP_IRQ:
        break;
    case EXCP_EXCEPTION_EXIT:
        if (env->regs[15] < EXC_RETURN_MIN_MAGIC) {
            /* Must be v8M security extension function return */
            assert(env->regs[15] >= FNC_RETURN_MIN_MAGIC);
            assert(arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY));
            if (do_v7m_function_return(cpu)) {
                return;
            }
        } else {
            do_v7m_exception_exit(cpu);
            return;
        }
        break;
    default:
        cpu_abort(cs, "Unhandled exception 0x%x\n", cs->exception_index);
        return; /* Never happens.  Keep compiler happy.  */
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        lr = R_V7M_EXCRET_RES1_MASK |
            R_V7M_EXCRET_DCRS_MASK |
            R_V7M_EXCRET_FTYPE_MASK;
        /* The S bit indicates whether we should return to Secure
         * or NonSecure (ie our current state).
         * The ES bit indicates whether we're taking this exception
         * to Secure or NonSecure (ie our target state). We set it
         * later, in v7m_exception_taken().
         * The SPSEL bit is also set in v7m_exception_taken() for v8M.
         * This corresponds to the ARM ARM pseudocode for v8M setting
         * some LR bits in PushStack() and some in ExceptionTaken();
         * the distinction matters for the tailchain cases where we
         * can take an exception without pushing the stack.
         */
        if (env->v7m.secure) {
            lr |= R_V7M_EXCRET_S_MASK;
        }
    } else {
        lr = R_V7M_EXCRET_RES1_MASK |
            R_V7M_EXCRET_S_MASK |
            R_V7M_EXCRET_DCRS_MASK |
            R_V7M_EXCRET_FTYPE_MASK |
            R_V7M_EXCRET_ES_MASK;
        if (env->v7m.control[M_REG_NS] & R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_MASK) {
            lr |= R_V7M_EXCRET_SPSEL_MASK;
        }
    }
    if (!arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env)) {
        lr |= R_V7M_EXCRET_MODE_MASK;
    }

    ignore_stackfaults = v7m_push_stack(cpu);
    v7m_exception_taken(cpu, lr, false, ignore_stackfaults);
    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "... as %d\n", env->v7m.exception);
}

/* Function used to synchronize QEMU's AArch64 register set with AArch32
 * register set.  This is necessary when switching between AArch32 and AArch64
 * execution state.
 */
void aarch64_sync_32_to_64(CPUARMState *env)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t mode = env->uncached_cpsr & CPSR_M;

    /* We can blanket copy R[0:7] to X[0:7] */
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        env->xregs[i] = env->regs[i];
    }

    /* Unless we are in FIQ mode, x8-x12 come from the user registers r8-r12.
     * Otherwise, they come from the banked user regs.
     */
    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ) {
        for (i = 8; i < 13; i++) {
            env->xregs[i] = env->usr_regs[i - 8];
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 8; i < 13; i++) {
            env->xregs[i] = env->regs[i];
        }
    }

    /* Registers x13-x23 are the various mode SP and FP registers. Registers
     * r13 and r14 are only copied if we are in that mode, otherwise we copy
     * from the mode banked register.
     */
    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_USR || mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_SYS) {
        env->xregs[13] = env->regs[13];
        env->xregs[14] = env->regs[14];
    } else {
        env->xregs[13] = env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_USR)];
        /* HYP is an exception in that it is copied from r14 */
        if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP) {
            env->xregs[14] = env->regs[14];
        } else {
            env->xregs[14] = env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_USR)];
        }
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP) {
        env->xregs[15] = env->regs[13];
    } else {
        env->xregs[15] = env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP)];
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ) {
        env->xregs[16] = env->regs[14];
        env->xregs[17] = env->regs[13];
    } else {
        env->xregs[16] = env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ)];
        env->xregs[17] = env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ)];
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_SVC) {
        env->xregs[18] = env->regs[14];
        env->xregs[19] = env->regs[13];
    } else {
        env->xregs[18] = env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_SVC)];
        env->xregs[19] = env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_SVC)];
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT) {
        env->xregs[20] = env->regs[14];
        env->xregs[21] = env->regs[13];
    } else {
        env->xregs[20] = env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT)];
        env->xregs[21] = env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT)];
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_UND) {
        env->xregs[22] = env->regs[14];
        env->xregs[23] = env->regs[13];
    } else {
        env->xregs[22] = env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_UND)];
        env->xregs[23] = env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_UND)];
    }

    /* Registers x24-x30 are mapped to r8-r14 in FIQ mode.  If we are in FIQ
     * mode, then we can copy from r8-r14.  Otherwise, we copy from the
     * FIQ bank for r8-r14.
     */
    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ) {
        for (i = 24; i < 31; i++) {
            env->xregs[i] = env->regs[i - 16];   /* X[24:30] <- R[8:14] */
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 24; i < 29; i++) {
            env->xregs[i] = env->fiq_regs[i - 24];
        }
        env->xregs[29] = env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ)];
        env->xregs[30] = env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ)];
    }

    env->pc = env->regs[15];
}

/* Function used to synchronize QEMU's AArch32 register set with AArch64
 * register set.  This is necessary when switching between AArch32 and AArch64
 * execution state.
 */
void aarch64_sync_64_to_32(CPUARMState *env)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t mode = env->uncached_cpsr & CPSR_M;

    /* We can blanket copy X[0:7] to R[0:7] */
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        env->regs[i] = env->xregs[i];
    }

    /* Unless we are in FIQ mode, r8-r12 come from the user registers x8-x12.
     * Otherwise, we copy x8-x12 into the banked user regs.
     */
    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ) {
        for (i = 8; i < 13; i++) {
            env->usr_regs[i - 8] = env->xregs[i];
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 8; i < 13; i++) {
            env->regs[i] = env->xregs[i];
        }
    }

    /* Registers r13 & r14 depend on the current mode.
     * If we are in a given mode, we copy the corresponding x registers to r13
     * and r14.  Otherwise, we copy the x register to the banked r13 and r14
     * for the mode.
     */
    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_USR || mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_SYS) {
        env->regs[13] = env->xregs[13];
        env->regs[14] = env->xregs[14];
    } else {
        env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_USR)] = env->xregs[13];

        /* HYP is an exception in that it does not have its own banked r14 but
         * shares the USR r14
         */
        if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP) {
            env->regs[14] = env->xregs[14];
        } else {
            env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_USR)] = env->xregs[14];
        }
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP) {
        env->regs[13] = env->xregs[15];
    } else {
        env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_HYP)] = env->xregs[15];
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ) {
        env->regs[14] = env->xregs[16];
        env->regs[13] = env->xregs[17];
    } else {
        env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ)] = env->xregs[16];
        env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ)] = env->xregs[17];
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_SVC) {
        env->regs[14] = env->xregs[18];
        env->regs[13] = env->xregs[19];
    } else {
        env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_SVC)] = env->xregs[18];
        env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_SVC)] = env->xregs[19];
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT) {
        env->regs[14] = env->xregs[20];
        env->regs[13] = env->xregs[21];
    } else {
        env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT)] = env->xregs[20];
        env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT)] = env->xregs[21];
    }

    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_UND) {
        env->regs[14] = env->xregs[22];
        env->regs[13] = env->xregs[23];
    } else {
        env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_UND)] = env->xregs[22];
        env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_UND)] = env->xregs[23];
    }

    /* Registers x24-x30 are mapped to r8-r14 in FIQ mode.  If we are in FIQ
     * mode, then we can copy to r8-r14.  Otherwise, we copy to the
     * FIQ bank for r8-r14.
     */
    if (mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ) {
        for (i = 24; i < 31; i++) {
            env->regs[i - 16] = env->xregs[i];   /* X[24:30] -> R[8:14] */
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 24; i < 29; i++) {
            env->fiq_regs[i - 24] = env->xregs[i];
        }
        env->banked_r13[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ)] = env->xregs[29];
        env->banked_r14[bank_number(ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ)] = env->xregs[30];
    }

    env->regs[15] = env->pc;
}

static void arm_cpu_do_interrupt_aarch32(CPUState *cs)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    uint32_t addr;
    uint32_t mask;
    int new_mode;
    uint32_t offset;
    uint32_t moe;

    /* If this is a debug exception we must update the DBGDSCR.MOE bits */
    switch (env->exception.syndrome >> ARM_EL_EC_SHIFT) {
    case EC_BREAKPOINT:
    case EC_BREAKPOINT_SAME_EL:
        moe = 1;
        break;
    case EC_WATCHPOINT:
    case EC_WATCHPOINT_SAME_EL:
        moe = 10;
        break;
    case EC_AA32_BKPT:
        moe = 3;
        break;
    case EC_VECTORCATCH:
        moe = 5;
        break;
    default:
        moe = 0;
        break;
    }

    if (moe) {
        env->cp15.mdscr_el1 = deposit64(env->cp15.mdscr_el1, 2, 4, moe);
    }

    /* TODO: Vectored interrupt controller.  */
    switch (cs->exception_index) {
    case EXCP_UDEF:
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_UND;
        addr = 0x04;
        mask = CPSR_I;
        if (env->thumb)
            offset = 2;
        else
            offset = 4;
        break;
    case EXCP_SWI:
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_SVC;
        addr = 0x08;
        mask = CPSR_I;
        /* The PC already points to the next instruction.  */
        offset = 0;
        break;
    case EXCP_BKPT:
        /* Fall through to prefetch abort.  */
    case EXCP_PREFETCH_ABORT:
        A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_SET(env, ifsr, env->exception.fsr);
        A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_SET(env, ifar, env->exception.vaddress);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...with IFSR 0x%x IFAR 0x%x\n",
                      env->exception.fsr, (uint32_t)env->exception.vaddress);
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT;
        addr = 0x0c;
        mask = CPSR_A | CPSR_I;
        offset = 4;
        break;
    case EXCP_DATA_ABORT:
        A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_SET(env, dfsr, env->exception.fsr);
        A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_SET(env, dfar, env->exception.vaddress);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...with DFSR 0x%x DFAR 0x%x\n",
                      env->exception.fsr,
                      (uint32_t)env->exception.vaddress);
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_ABT;
        addr = 0x10;
        mask = CPSR_A | CPSR_I;
        offset = 8;
        break;
    case EXCP_IRQ:
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ;
        addr = 0x18;
        /* Disable IRQ and imprecise data aborts.  */
        mask = CPSR_A | CPSR_I;
        offset = 4;
        if (env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_IRQ) {
            /* IRQ routed to monitor mode */
            new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_MON;
            mask |= CPSR_F;
        }
        break;
    case EXCP_FIQ:
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ;
        addr = 0x1c;
        /* Disable FIQ, IRQ and imprecise data aborts.  */
        mask = CPSR_A | CPSR_I | CPSR_F;
        if (env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_FIQ) {
            /* FIQ routed to monitor mode */
            new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_MON;
        }
        offset = 4;
        break;
    case EXCP_VIRQ:
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_IRQ;
        addr = 0x18;
        /* Disable IRQ and imprecise data aborts.  */
        mask = CPSR_A | CPSR_I;
        offset = 4;
        break;
    case EXCP_VFIQ:
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_FIQ;
        addr = 0x1c;
        /* Disable FIQ, IRQ and imprecise data aborts.  */
        mask = CPSR_A | CPSR_I | CPSR_F;
        offset = 4;
        break;
    case EXCP_SMC:
        new_mode = ARM_CPU_MODE_MON;
        addr = 0x08;
        mask = CPSR_A | CPSR_I | CPSR_F;
        offset = 0;
        break;
    default:
        cpu_abort(cs, "Unhandled exception 0x%x\n", cs->exception_index);
        return; /* Never happens.  Keep compiler happy.  */
    }

    if (new_mode == ARM_CPU_MODE_MON) {
        addr += env->cp15.mvbar;
    } else if (A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_GET(env, sctlr) & SCTLR_V) {
        /* High vectors. When enabled, base address cannot be remapped. */
        addr += 0xffff0000;
    } else {
        /* ARM v7 architectures provide a vector base address register to remap
         * the interrupt vector table.
         * This register is only followed in non-monitor mode, and is banked.
         * Note: only bits 31:5 are valid.
         */
        addr += A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_GET(env, vbar);
    }

    if ((env->uncached_cpsr & CPSR_M) == ARM_CPU_MODE_MON) {
        env->cp15.scr_el3 &= ~SCR_NS;
    }

    switch_mode (env, new_mode);
    /* For exceptions taken to AArch32 we must clear the SS bit in both
     * PSTATE and in the old-state value we save to SPSR_<mode>, so zero it now.
     */
    env->uncached_cpsr &= ~PSTATE_SS;
    env->spsr = cpsr_read(env);
    /* Clear IT bits.  */
    env->condexec_bits = 0;
    /* Switch to the new mode, and to the correct instruction set.  */
    env->uncached_cpsr = (env->uncached_cpsr & ~CPSR_M) | new_mode;
    /* Set new mode endianness */
    env->uncached_cpsr &= ~CPSR_E;
    if (env->cp15.sctlr_el[arm_current_el(env)] & SCTLR_EE) {
        env->uncached_cpsr |= CPSR_E;
    }
    env->daif |= mask;
    /* this is a lie, as the was no c1_sys on V4T/V5, but who cares
     * and we should just guard the thumb mode on V4 */
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V4T)) {
        env->thumb = (A32_BANKED_CURRENT_REG_GET(env, sctlr) & SCTLR_TE) != 0;
    }
    env->regs[14] = env->regs[15] + offset;
    env->regs[15] = addr;
}

/* Handle exception entry to a target EL which is using AArch64 */
static void arm_cpu_do_interrupt_aarch64(CPUState *cs)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    unsigned int new_el = env->exception.target_el;
    target_ulong addr = env->cp15.vbar_el[new_el];
    unsigned int new_mode = aarch64_pstate_mode(new_el, true);

    if (arm_current_el(env) < new_el) {
        /* Entry vector offset depends on whether the implemented EL
         * immediately lower than the target level is using AArch32 or AArch64
         */
        bool is_aa64;

        switch (new_el) {
        case 3:
            is_aa64 = (env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_RW) != 0;
            break;
        case 2:
            is_aa64 = (env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_RW) != 0;
            break;
        case 1:
            is_aa64 = is_a64(env);
            break;
        default:
            g_assert_not_reached();
        }

        if (is_aa64) {
            addr += 0x400;
        } else {
            addr += 0x600;
        }
    } else if (pstate_read(env) & PSTATE_SP) {
        addr += 0x200;
    }

    switch (cs->exception_index) {
    case EXCP_PREFETCH_ABORT:
    case EXCP_DATA_ABORT:
        env->cp15.far_el[new_el] = env->exception.vaddress;
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...with FAR 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
                      env->cp15.far_el[new_el]);
        /* fall through */
    case EXCP_BKPT:
    case EXCP_UDEF:
    case EXCP_SWI:
    case EXCP_HVC:
    case EXCP_HYP_TRAP:
    case EXCP_SMC:
        env->cp15.esr_el[new_el] = env->exception.syndrome;
        break;
    case EXCP_IRQ:
    case EXCP_VIRQ:
        addr += 0x80;
        break;
    case EXCP_FIQ:
    case EXCP_VFIQ:
        addr += 0x100;
        break;
    case EXCP_SEMIHOST:
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                      "...handling as semihosting call 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
                      env->xregs[0]);
        env->xregs[0] = do_arm_semihosting(env);
        return;
    default:
        cpu_abort(cs, "Unhandled exception 0x%x\n", cs->exception_index);
    }

    if (is_a64(env)) {
        env->banked_spsr[aarch64_banked_spsr_index(new_el)] = pstate_read(env);
        aarch64_save_sp(env, arm_current_el(env));
        env->elr_el[new_el] = env->pc;
    } else {
        env->banked_spsr[aarch64_banked_spsr_index(new_el)] = cpsr_read(env);
        env->elr_el[new_el] = env->regs[15];

        aarch64_sync_32_to_64(env);

        env->condexec_bits = 0;
    }
    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...with ELR 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
                  env->elr_el[new_el]);

    pstate_write(env, PSTATE_DAIF | new_mode);
    env->aarch64 = 1;
    aarch64_restore_sp(env, new_el);

    env->pc = addr;

    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...to EL%d PC 0x%" PRIx64 " PSTATE 0x%x\n",
                  new_el, env->pc, pstate_read(env));
}

static inline bool check_for_semihosting(CPUState *cs)
{
    /* Check whether this exception is a semihosting call; if so
     * then handle it and return true; otherwise return false.
     */
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;

    if (is_a64(env)) {
        if (cs->exception_index == EXCP_SEMIHOST) {
            /* This is always the 64-bit semihosting exception.
             * The "is this usermode" and "is semihosting enabled"
             * checks have been done at translate time.
             */
            qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                          "...handling as semihosting call 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
                          env->xregs[0]);
            env->xregs[0] = do_arm_semihosting(env);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    } else {
        uint32_t imm;

        /* Only intercept calls from privileged modes, to provide some
         * semblance of security.
         */
        if (cs->exception_index != EXCP_SEMIHOST &&
            (!semihosting_enabled() ||
             ((env->uncached_cpsr & CPSR_M) == ARM_CPU_MODE_USR))) {
            return false;
        }

        switch (cs->exception_index) {
        case EXCP_SEMIHOST:
            /* This is always a semihosting call; the "is this usermode"
             * and "is semihosting enabled" checks have been done at
             * translate time.
             */
            break;
        case EXCP_SWI:
            /* Check for semihosting interrupt.  */
            if (env->thumb) {
                imm = arm_lduw_code(env, env->regs[15] - 2, arm_sctlr_b(env))
                    & 0xff;
                if (imm == 0xab) {
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                imm = arm_ldl_code(env, env->regs[15] - 4, arm_sctlr_b(env))
                    & 0xffffff;
                if (imm == 0x123456) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            return false;
        case EXCP_BKPT:
            /* See if this is a semihosting syscall.  */
            if (env->thumb) {
                imm = arm_lduw_code(env, env->regs[15], arm_sctlr_b(env))
                    & 0xff;
                if (imm == 0xab) {
                    env->regs[15] += 2;
                    break;
                }
            }
            return false;
        default:
            return false;
        }

        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
                      "...handling as semihosting call 0x%x\n",
                      env->regs[0]);
        env->regs[0] = do_arm_semihosting(env);
        return true;
    }
}

/* Handle a CPU exception for A and R profile CPUs.
 * Do any appropriate logging, handle PSCI calls, and then hand off
 * to the AArch64-entry or AArch32-entry function depending on the
 * target exception level's register width.
 */
void arm_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    unsigned int new_el = env->exception.target_el;

    assert(!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M));

    arm_log_exception(cs->exception_index);
    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...from EL%d to EL%d\n", arm_current_el(env),
                  new_el);
    if (qemu_loglevel_mask(CPU_LOG_INT)
        && !excp_is_internal(cs->exception_index)) {
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...with ESR 0x%x/0x%" PRIx32 "\n",
                      env->exception.syndrome >> ARM_EL_EC_SHIFT,
                      env->exception.syndrome);
    }

    if (arm_is_psci_call(cpu, cs->exception_index)) {
        arm_handle_psci_call(cpu);
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT, "...handled as PSCI call\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Semihosting semantics depend on the register width of the
     * code that caused the exception, not the target exception level,
     * so must be handled here.
     */
    if (check_for_semihosting(cs)) {
        return;
    }

    /* Hooks may change global state so BQL should be held, also the
     * BQL needs to be held for any modification of
     * cs->interrupt_request.
     */
    g_assert(qemu_mutex_iothread_locked());

    arm_call_pre_el_change_hook(cpu);

    assert(!excp_is_internal(cs->exception_index));
    if (arm_el_is_aa64(env, new_el)) {
        arm_cpu_do_interrupt_aarch64(cs);
    } else {
        arm_cpu_do_interrupt_aarch32(cs);
    }

    arm_call_el_change_hook(cpu);

    if (!kvm_enabled()) {
        cs->interrupt_request |= CPU_INTERRUPT_EXITTB;
    }
}

/* Return the exception level which controls this address translation regime */
static inline uint32_t regime_el(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    switch (mmu_idx) {
    case ARMMMUIdx_S2NS:
    case ARMMMUIdx_S1E2:
        return 2;
    case ARMMMUIdx_S1E3:
        return 3;
    case ARMMMUIdx_S1SE0:
        return arm_el_is_aa64(env, 3) ? 1 : 3;
    case ARMMMUIdx_S1SE1:
    case ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE0:
    case ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE1:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MPrivNegPri:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MUserNegPri:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MPriv:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MUser:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MSPrivNegPri:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MSUserNegPri:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MSPriv:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MSUser:
        return 1;
    default:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }
}

/* Return the SCTLR value which controls this address translation regime */
static inline uint32_t regime_sctlr(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    return env->cp15.sctlr_el[regime_el(env, mmu_idx)];
}

/* Return true if the specified stage of address translation is disabled */
static inline bool regime_translation_disabled(CPUARMState *env,
                                               ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M)) {
        switch (env->v7m.mpu_ctrl[regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx)] &
                (R_V7M_MPU_CTRL_ENABLE_MASK | R_V7M_MPU_CTRL_HFNMIENA_MASK)) {
        case R_V7M_MPU_CTRL_ENABLE_MASK:
            /* Enabled, but not for HardFault and NMI */
            return mmu_idx & ARM_MMU_IDX_M_NEGPRI;
        case R_V7M_MPU_CTRL_ENABLE_MASK | R_V7M_MPU_CTRL_HFNMIENA_MASK:
            /* Enabled for all cases */
            return false;
        case 0:
        default:
            /* HFNMIENA set and ENABLE clear is UNPREDICTABLE, but
             * we warned about that in armv7m_nvic.c when the guest set it.
             */
            return true;
        }
    }

    if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
        return (env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_VM) == 0;
    }
    return (regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & SCTLR_M) == 0;
}

static inline bool regime_translation_big_endian(CPUARMState *env,
                                                 ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    return (regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & SCTLR_EE) != 0;
}

/* Return the TCR controlling this translation regime */
static inline TCR *regime_tcr(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
        return &env->cp15.vtcr_el2;
    }
    return &env->cp15.tcr_el[regime_el(env, mmu_idx)];
}

/* Convert a possible stage1+2 MMU index into the appropriate
 * stage 1 MMU index
 */
static inline ARMMMUIdx stage_1_mmu_idx(ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE0 || mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE1) {
        mmu_idx += (ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE0 - ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE0);
    }
    return mmu_idx;
}

/* Returns TBI0 value for current regime el */
uint32_t arm_regime_tbi0(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    TCR *tcr;
    uint32_t el;

    /* For EL0 and EL1, TBI is controlled by stage 1's TCR, so convert
     * a stage 1+2 mmu index into the appropriate stage 1 mmu index.
     */
    mmu_idx = stage_1_mmu_idx(mmu_idx);

    tcr = regime_tcr(env, mmu_idx);
    el = regime_el(env, mmu_idx);

    if (el > 1) {
        return extract64(tcr->raw_tcr, 20, 1);
    } else {
        return extract64(tcr->raw_tcr, 37, 1);
    }
}

/* Returns TBI1 value for current regime el */
uint32_t arm_regime_tbi1(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    TCR *tcr;
    uint32_t el;

    /* For EL0 and EL1, TBI is controlled by stage 1's TCR, so convert
     * a stage 1+2 mmu index into the appropriate stage 1 mmu index.
     */
    mmu_idx = stage_1_mmu_idx(mmu_idx);

    tcr = regime_tcr(env, mmu_idx);
    el = regime_el(env, mmu_idx);

    if (el > 1) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        return extract64(tcr->raw_tcr, 38, 1);
    }
}

/* Return the TTBR associated with this translation regime */
static inline uint64_t regime_ttbr(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                   int ttbrn)
{
    if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
        return env->cp15.vttbr_el2;
    }
    if (ttbrn == 0) {
        return env->cp15.ttbr0_el[regime_el(env, mmu_idx)];
    } else {
        return env->cp15.ttbr1_el[regime_el(env, mmu_idx)];
    }
}

/* Return true if the translation regime is using LPAE format page tables */
static inline bool regime_using_lpae_format(CPUARMState *env,
                                            ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    int el = regime_el(env, mmu_idx);
    if (el == 2 || arm_el_is_aa64(env, el)) {
        return true;
    }
    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_LPAE)
        && (regime_tcr(env, mmu_idx)->raw_tcr & TTBCR_EAE)) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

/* Returns true if the stage 1 translation regime is using LPAE format page
 * tables. Used when raising alignment exceptions, whose FSR changes depending
 * on whether the long or short descriptor format is in use. */
bool arm_s1_regime_using_lpae_format(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    mmu_idx = stage_1_mmu_idx(mmu_idx);

    return regime_using_lpae_format(env, mmu_idx);
}

static inline bool regime_is_user(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
{
    switch (mmu_idx) {
    case ARMMMUIdx_S1SE0:
    case ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE0:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MUser:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MSUser:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MUserNegPri:
    case ARMMMUIdx_MSUserNegPri:
        return true;
    default:
        return false;
    case ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE0:
    case ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE1:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }
}

/* Translate section/page access permissions to page
 * R/W protection flags
 *
 * @env:         CPUARMState
 * @mmu_idx:     MMU index indicating required translation regime
 * @ap:          The 3-bit access permissions (AP[2:0])
 * @domain_prot: The 2-bit domain access permissions
 */
static inline int ap_to_rw_prot(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                int ap, int domain_prot)
{
    bool is_user = regime_is_user(env, mmu_idx);

    if (domain_prot == 3) {
        return PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
    }

    switch (ap) {
    case 0:
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
            return 0;
        }
        switch (regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & (SCTLR_S | SCTLR_R)) {
        case SCTLR_S:
            return is_user ? 0 : PAGE_READ;
        case SCTLR_R:
            return PAGE_READ;
        default:
            return 0;
        }
    case 1:
        return is_user ? 0 : PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
    case 2:
        if (is_user) {
            return PAGE_READ;
        } else {
            return PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
        }
    case 3:
        return PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
    case 4: /* Reserved.  */
        return 0;
    case 5:
        return is_user ? 0 : PAGE_READ;
    case 6:
        return PAGE_READ;
    case 7:
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V6K)) {
            return 0;
        }
        return PAGE_READ;
    default:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }
}

/* Translate section/page access permissions to page
 * R/W protection flags.
 *
 * @ap:      The 2-bit simple AP (AP[2:1])
 * @is_user: TRUE if accessing from PL0
 */
static inline int simple_ap_to_rw_prot_is_user(int ap, bool is_user)
{
    switch (ap) {
    case 0:
        return is_user ? 0 : PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
    case 1:
        return PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
    case 2:
        return is_user ? 0 : PAGE_READ;
    case 3:
        return PAGE_READ;
    default:
        g_assert_not_reached();
    }
}

static inline int
simple_ap_to_rw_prot(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx, int ap)
{
    return simple_ap_to_rw_prot_is_user(ap, regime_is_user(env, mmu_idx));
}

/* Translate S2 section/page access permissions to protection flags
 *
 * @env:     CPUARMState
 * @s2ap:    The 2-bit stage2 access permissions (S2AP)
 * @xn:      XN (execute-never) bit
 */
static int get_S2prot(CPUARMState *env, int s2ap, int xn)
{
    int prot = 0;

    if (s2ap & 1) {
        prot |= PAGE_READ;
    }
    if (s2ap & 2) {
        prot |= PAGE_WRITE;
    }
    if (!xn) {
        if (arm_el_is_aa64(env, 2) || prot & PAGE_READ) {
            prot |= PAGE_EXEC;
        }
    }
    return prot;
}

/* Translate section/page access permissions to protection flags
 *
 * @env:     CPUARMState
 * @mmu_idx: MMU index indicating required translation regime
 * @is_aa64: TRUE if AArch64
 * @ap:      The 2-bit simple AP (AP[2:1])
 * @ns:      NS (non-secure) bit
 * @xn:      XN (execute-never) bit
 * @pxn:     PXN (privileged execute-never) bit
 */
static int get_S1prot(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx, bool is_aa64,
                      int ap, int ns, int xn, int pxn)
{
    bool is_user = regime_is_user(env, mmu_idx);
    int prot_rw, user_rw;
    bool have_wxn;
    int wxn = 0;

    assert(mmu_idx != ARMMMUIdx_S2NS);

    user_rw = simple_ap_to_rw_prot_is_user(ap, true);
    if (is_user) {
        prot_rw = user_rw;
    } else {
        prot_rw = simple_ap_to_rw_prot_is_user(ap, false);
    }

    if (ns && arm_is_secure(env) && (env->cp15.scr_el3 & SCR_SIF)) {
        return prot_rw;
    }

    /* TODO have_wxn should be replaced with
     *   ARM_FEATURE_V8 || (ARM_FEATURE_V7 && ARM_FEATURE_EL2)
     * when ARM_FEATURE_EL2 starts getting set. For now we assume all LPAE
     * compatible processors have EL2, which is required for [U]WXN.
     */
    have_wxn = arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_LPAE);

    if (have_wxn) {
        wxn = regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & SCTLR_WXN;
    }

    if (is_aa64) {
        switch (regime_el(env, mmu_idx)) {
        case 1:
            if (!is_user) {
                xn = pxn || (user_rw & PAGE_WRITE);
            }
            break;
        case 2:
        case 3:
            break;
        }
    } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
        switch (regime_el(env, mmu_idx)) {
        case 1:
        case 3:
            if (is_user) {
                xn = xn || !(user_rw & PAGE_READ);
            } else {
                int uwxn = 0;
                if (have_wxn) {
                    uwxn = regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & SCTLR_UWXN;
                }
                xn = xn || !(prot_rw & PAGE_READ) || pxn ||
                     (uwxn && (user_rw & PAGE_WRITE));
            }
            break;
        case 2:
            break;
        }
    } else {
        xn = wxn = 0;
    }

    if (xn || (wxn && (prot_rw & PAGE_WRITE))) {
        return prot_rw;
    }
    return prot_rw | PAGE_EXEC;
}

static bool get_level1_table_address(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                     uint32_t *table, uint32_t address)
{
    /* Note that we can only get here for an AArch32 PL0/PL1 lookup */
    TCR *tcr = regime_tcr(env, mmu_idx);

    if (address & tcr->mask) {
        if (tcr->raw_tcr & TTBCR_PD1) {
            /* Translation table walk disabled for TTBR1 */
            return false;
        }
        *table = regime_ttbr(env, mmu_idx, 1) & 0xffffc000;
    } else {
        if (tcr->raw_tcr & TTBCR_PD0) {
            /* Translation table walk disabled for TTBR0 */
            return false;
        }
        *table = regime_ttbr(env, mmu_idx, 0) & tcr->base_mask;
    }
    *table |= (address >> 18) & 0x3ffc;
    return true;
}

/* Translate a S1 pagetable walk through S2 if needed.  */
static hwaddr S1_ptw_translate(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                               hwaddr addr, MemTxAttrs txattrs,
                               ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    if ((mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE0 || mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S1NSE1) &&
        !regime_translation_disabled(env, ARMMMUIdx_S2NS)) {
        target_ulong s2size;
        hwaddr s2pa;
        int s2prot;
        int ret;

        ret = get_phys_addr_lpae(env, addr, 0, ARMMMUIdx_S2NS, &s2pa,
                                 &txattrs, &s2prot, &s2size, fi, NULL);
        if (ret) {
            assert(fi->type != ARMFault_None);
            fi->s2addr = addr;
            fi->stage2 = true;
            fi->s1ptw = true;
            return ~0;
        }
        addr = s2pa;
    }
    return addr;
}

/* All loads done in the course of a page table walk go through here. */
static uint32_t arm_ldl_ptw(CPUState *cs, hwaddr addr, bool is_secure,
                            ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx, ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
    MemTxResult result = MEMTX_OK;
    AddressSpace *as;
    uint32_t data;

    attrs.secure = is_secure;
    as = arm_addressspace(cs, attrs);
    addr = S1_ptw_translate(env, mmu_idx, addr, attrs, fi);
    if (fi->s1ptw) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (regime_translation_big_endian(env, mmu_idx)) {
        data = address_space_ldl_be(as, addr, attrs, &result);
    } else {
        data = address_space_ldl_le(as, addr, attrs, &result);
    }
    if (result == MEMTX_OK) {
        return data;
    }
    fi->type = ARMFault_SyncExternalOnWalk;
    fi->ea = arm_extabort_type(result);
    return 0;
}

static uint64_t arm_ldq_ptw(CPUState *cs, hwaddr addr, bool is_secure,
                            ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx, ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
    MemTxResult result = MEMTX_OK;
    AddressSpace *as;
    uint64_t data;

    attrs.secure = is_secure;
    as = arm_addressspace(cs, attrs);
    addr = S1_ptw_translate(env, mmu_idx, addr, attrs, fi);
    if (fi->s1ptw) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (regime_translation_big_endian(env, mmu_idx)) {
        data = address_space_ldq_be(as, addr, attrs, &result);
    } else {
        data = address_space_ldq_le(as, addr, attrs, &result);
    }
    if (result == MEMTX_OK) {
        return data;
    }
    fi->type = ARMFault_SyncExternalOnWalk;
    fi->ea = arm_extabort_type(result);
    return 0;
}

static bool get_phys_addr_v5(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address,
                             MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                             hwaddr *phys_ptr, int *prot,
                             target_ulong *page_size,
                             ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    CPUState *cs = CPU(arm_env_get_cpu(env));
    int level = 1;
    uint32_t table;
    uint32_t desc;
    int type;
    int ap;
    int domain = 0;
    int domain_prot;
    hwaddr phys_addr;
    uint32_t dacr;

    /* Pagetable walk.  */
    /* Lookup l1 descriptor.  */
    if (!get_level1_table_address(env, mmu_idx, &table, address)) {
        /* Section translation fault if page walk is disabled by PD0 or PD1 */
        fi->type = ARMFault_Translation;
        goto do_fault;
    }
    desc = arm_ldl_ptw(cs, table, regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx),
                       mmu_idx, fi);
    if (fi->type != ARMFault_None) {
        goto do_fault;
    }
    type = (desc & 3);
    domain = (desc >> 5) & 0x0f;
    if (regime_el(env, mmu_idx) == 1) {
        dacr = env->cp15.dacr_ns;
    } else {
        dacr = env->cp15.dacr_s;
    }
    domain_prot = (dacr >> (domain * 2)) & 3;
    if (type == 0) {
        /* Section translation fault.  */
        fi->type = ARMFault_Translation;
        goto do_fault;
    }
    if (type != 2) {
        level = 2;
    }
    if (domain_prot == 0 || domain_prot == 2) {
        fi->type = ARMFault_Domain;
        goto do_fault;
    }
    if (type == 2) {
        /* 1Mb section.  */
        phys_addr = (desc & 0xfff00000) | (address & 0x000fffff);
        ap = (desc >> 10) & 3;
        *page_size = 1024 * 1024;
    } else {
        /* Lookup l2 entry.  */
        if (type == 1) {
            /* Coarse pagetable.  */
            table = (desc & 0xfffffc00) | ((address >> 10) & 0x3fc);
        } else {
            /* Fine pagetable.  */
            table = (desc & 0xfffff000) | ((address >> 8) & 0xffc);
        }
        desc = arm_ldl_ptw(cs, table, regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx),
                           mmu_idx, fi);
        if (fi->type != ARMFault_None) {
            goto do_fault;
        }
        switch (desc & 3) {
        case 0: /* Page translation fault.  */
            fi->type = ARMFault_Translation;
            goto do_fault;
        case 1: /* 64k page.  */
            phys_addr = (desc & 0xffff0000) | (address & 0xffff);
            ap = (desc >> (4 + ((address >> 13) & 6))) & 3;
            *page_size = 0x10000;
            break;
        case 2: /* 4k page.  */
            phys_addr = (desc & 0xfffff000) | (address & 0xfff);
            ap = (desc >> (4 + ((address >> 9) & 6))) & 3;
            *page_size = 0x1000;
            break;
        case 3: /* 1k page, or ARMv6/XScale "extended small (4k) page" */
            if (type == 1) {
                /* ARMv6/XScale extended small page format */
                if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_XSCALE)
                    || arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V6)) {
                    phys_addr = (desc & 0xfffff000) | (address & 0xfff);
                    *page_size = 0x1000;
                } else {
                    /* UNPREDICTABLE in ARMv5; we choose to take a
                     * page translation fault.
                     */
                    fi->type = ARMFault_Translation;
                    goto do_fault;
                }
            } else {
                phys_addr = (desc & 0xfffffc00) | (address & 0x3ff);
                *page_size = 0x400;
            }
            ap = (desc >> 4) & 3;
            break;
        default:
            /* Never happens, but compiler isn't smart enough to tell.  */
            abort();
        }
    }
    *prot = ap_to_rw_prot(env, mmu_idx, ap, domain_prot);
    *prot |= *prot ? PAGE_EXEC : 0;
    if (!(*prot & (1 << access_type))) {
        /* Access permission fault.  */
        fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
        goto do_fault;
    }
    *phys_ptr = phys_addr;
    return false;
do_fault:
    fi->domain = domain;
    fi->level = level;
    return true;
}

static bool get_phys_addr_v6(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address,
                             MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                             hwaddr *phys_ptr, MemTxAttrs *attrs, int *prot,
                             target_ulong *page_size, ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    CPUState *cs = CPU(arm_env_get_cpu(env));
    int level = 1;
    uint32_t table;
    uint32_t desc;
    uint32_t xn;
    uint32_t pxn = 0;
    int type;
    int ap;
    int domain = 0;
    int domain_prot;
    hwaddr phys_addr;
    uint32_t dacr;
    bool ns;

    /* Pagetable walk.  */
    /* Lookup l1 descriptor.  */
    if (!get_level1_table_address(env, mmu_idx, &table, address)) {
        /* Section translation fault if page walk is disabled by PD0 or PD1 */
        fi->type = ARMFault_Translation;
        goto do_fault;
    }
    desc = arm_ldl_ptw(cs, table, regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx),
                       mmu_idx, fi);
    if (fi->type != ARMFault_None) {
        goto do_fault;
    }
    type = (desc & 3);
    if (type == 0 || (type == 3 && !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_PXN))) {
        /* Section translation fault, or attempt to use the encoding
         * which is Reserved on implementations without PXN.
         */
        fi->type = ARMFault_Translation;
        goto do_fault;
    }
    if ((type == 1) || !(desc & (1 << 18))) {
        /* Page or Section.  */
        domain = (desc >> 5) & 0x0f;
    }
    if (regime_el(env, mmu_idx) == 1) {
        dacr = env->cp15.dacr_ns;
    } else {
        dacr = env->cp15.dacr_s;
    }
    if (type == 1) {
        level = 2;
    }
    domain_prot = (dacr >> (domain * 2)) & 3;
    if (domain_prot == 0 || domain_prot == 2) {
        /* Section or Page domain fault */
        fi->type = ARMFault_Domain;
        goto do_fault;
    }
    if (type != 1) {
        if (desc & (1 << 18)) {
            /* Supersection.  */
            phys_addr = (desc & 0xff000000) | (address & 0x00ffffff);
            phys_addr |= (uint64_t)extract32(desc, 20, 4) << 32;
            phys_addr |= (uint64_t)extract32(desc, 5, 4) << 36;
            *page_size = 0x1000000;
        } else {
            /* Section.  */
            phys_addr = (desc & 0xfff00000) | (address & 0x000fffff);
            *page_size = 0x100000;
        }
        ap = ((desc >> 10) & 3) | ((desc >> 13) & 4);
        xn = desc & (1 << 4);
        pxn = desc & 1;
        ns = extract32(desc, 19, 1);
    } else {
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_PXN)) {
            pxn = (desc >> 2) & 1;
        }
        ns = extract32(desc, 3, 1);
        /* Lookup l2 entry.  */
        table = (desc & 0xfffffc00) | ((address >> 10) & 0x3fc);
        desc = arm_ldl_ptw(cs, table, regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx),
                           mmu_idx, fi);
        if (fi->type != ARMFault_None) {
            goto do_fault;
        }
        ap = ((desc >> 4) & 3) | ((desc >> 7) & 4);
        switch (desc & 3) {
        case 0: /* Page translation fault.  */
            fi->type = ARMFault_Translation;
            goto do_fault;
        case 1: /* 64k page.  */
            phys_addr = (desc & 0xffff0000) | (address & 0xffff);
            xn = desc & (1 << 15);
            *page_size = 0x10000;
            break;
        case 2: case 3: /* 4k page.  */
            phys_addr = (desc & 0xfffff000) | (address & 0xfff);
            xn = desc & 1;
            *page_size = 0x1000;
            break;
        default:
            /* Never happens, but compiler isn't smart enough to tell.  */
            abort();
        }
    }
    if (domain_prot == 3) {
        *prot = PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE | PAGE_EXEC;
    } else {
        if (pxn && !regime_is_user(env, mmu_idx)) {
            xn = 1;
        }
        if (xn && access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH) {
            fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
            goto do_fault;
        }

        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V6K) &&
                (regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & SCTLR_AFE)) {
            /* The simplified model uses AP[0] as an access control bit.  */
            if ((ap & 1) == 0) {
                /* Access flag fault.  */
                fi->type = ARMFault_AccessFlag;
                goto do_fault;
            }
            *prot = simple_ap_to_rw_prot(env, mmu_idx, ap >> 1);
        } else {
            *prot = ap_to_rw_prot(env, mmu_idx, ap, domain_prot);
        }
        if (*prot && !xn) {
            *prot |= PAGE_EXEC;
        }
        if (!(*prot & (1 << access_type))) {
            /* Access permission fault.  */
            fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
            goto do_fault;
        }
    }
    if (ns) {
        /* The NS bit will (as required by the architecture) have no effect if
         * the CPU doesn't support TZ or this is a non-secure translation
         * regime, because the attribute will already be non-secure.
         */
        attrs->secure = false;
    }
    *phys_ptr = phys_addr;
    return false;
do_fault:
    fi->domain = domain;
    fi->level = level;
    return true;
}

/*
 * check_s2_mmu_setup
 * @cpu:        ARMCPU
 * @is_aa64:    True if the translation regime is in AArch64 state
 * @startlevel: Suggested starting level
 * @inputsize:  Bitsize of IPAs
 * @stride:     Page-table stride (See the ARM ARM)
 *
 * Returns true if the suggested S2 translation parameters are OK and
 * false otherwise.
 */
static bool check_s2_mmu_setup(ARMCPU *cpu, bool is_aa64, int level,
                               int inputsize, int stride)
{
    const int grainsize = stride + 3;
    int startsizecheck;

    /* Negative levels are never allowed.  */
    if (level < 0) {
        return false;
    }

    startsizecheck = inputsize - ((3 - level) * stride + grainsize);
    if (startsizecheck < 1 || startsizecheck > stride + 4) {
        return false;
    }

    if (is_aa64) {
        CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
        unsigned int pamax = arm_pamax(cpu);

        switch (stride) {
        case 13: /* 64KB Pages.  */
            if (level == 0 || (level == 1 && pamax <= 42)) {
                return false;
            }
            break;
        case 11: /* 16KB Pages.  */
            if (level == 0 || (level == 1 && pamax <= 40)) {
                return false;
            }
            break;
        case 9: /* 4KB Pages.  */
            if (level == 0 && pamax <= 42) {
                return false;
            }
            break;
        default:
            g_assert_not_reached();
        }

        /* Inputsize checks.  */
        if (inputsize > pamax &&
            (arm_el_is_aa64(env, 1) || inputsize > 40)) {
            /* This is CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE and we choose to fault.  */
            return false;
        }
    } else {
        /* AArch32 only supports 4KB pages. Assert on that.  */
        assert(stride == 9);

        if (level == 0) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

/* Translate from the 4-bit stage 2 representation of
 * memory attributes (without cache-allocation hints) to
 * the 8-bit representation of the stage 1 MAIR registers
 * (which includes allocation hints).
 *
 * ref: shared/translation/attrs/S2AttrDecode()
 *      .../S2ConvertAttrsHints()
 */
static uint8_t convert_stage2_attrs(CPUARMState *env, uint8_t s2attrs)
{
    uint8_t hiattr = extract32(s2attrs, 2, 2);
    uint8_t loattr = extract32(s2attrs, 0, 2);
    uint8_t hihint = 0, lohint = 0;

    if (hiattr != 0) { /* normal memory */
        if ((env->cp15.hcr_el2 & HCR_CD) != 0) { /* cache disabled */
            hiattr = loattr = 1; /* non-cacheable */
        } else {
            if (hiattr != 1) { /* Write-through or write-back */
                hihint = 3; /* RW allocate */
            }
            if (loattr != 1) { /* Write-through or write-back */
                lohint = 3; /* RW allocate */
            }
        }
    }

    return (hiattr << 6) | (hihint << 4) | (loattr << 2) | lohint;
}

static bool get_phys_addr_lpae(CPUARMState *env, target_ulong address,
                               MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                               hwaddr *phys_ptr, MemTxAttrs *txattrs, int *prot,
                               target_ulong *page_size_ptr,
                               ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi, ARMCacheAttrs *cacheattrs)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
    /* Read an LPAE long-descriptor translation table. */
    ARMFaultType fault_type = ARMFault_Translation;
    uint32_t level;
    uint32_t epd = 0;
    int32_t t0sz, t1sz;
    uint32_t tg;
    uint64_t ttbr;
    int ttbr_select;
    hwaddr descaddr, indexmask, indexmask_grainsize;
    uint32_t tableattrs;
    target_ulong page_size;
    uint32_t attrs;
    int32_t stride = 9;
    int32_t addrsize;
    int inputsize;
    int32_t tbi = 0;
    TCR *tcr = regime_tcr(env, mmu_idx);
    int ap, ns, xn, pxn;
    uint32_t el = regime_el(env, mmu_idx);
    bool ttbr1_valid = true;
    uint64_t descaddrmask;
    bool aarch64 = arm_el_is_aa64(env, el);

    /* TODO:
     * This code does not handle the different format TCR for VTCR_EL2.
     * This code also does not support shareability levels.
     * Attribute and permission bit handling should also be checked when adding
     * support for those page table walks.
     */
    if (aarch64) {
        level = 0;
        addrsize = 64;
        if (el > 1) {
            if (mmu_idx != ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
                tbi = extract64(tcr->raw_tcr, 20, 1);
            }
        } else {
            if (extract64(address, 55, 1)) {
                tbi = extract64(tcr->raw_tcr, 38, 1);
            } else {
                tbi = extract64(tcr->raw_tcr, 37, 1);
            }
        }
        tbi *= 8;

        /* If we are in 64-bit EL2 or EL3 then there is no TTBR1, so mark it
         * invalid.
         */
        if (el > 1) {
            ttbr1_valid = false;
        }
    } else {
        level = 1;
        addrsize = 32;
        /* There is no TTBR1 for EL2 */
        if (el == 2) {
            ttbr1_valid = false;
        }
    }

    /* Determine whether this address is in the region controlled by
     * TTBR0 or TTBR1 (or if it is in neither region and should fault).
     * This is a Non-secure PL0/1 stage 1 translation, so controlled by
     * TTBCR/TTBR0/TTBR1 in accordance with ARM ARM DDI0406C table B-32:
     */
    if (aarch64) {
        /* AArch64 translation.  */
        t0sz = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 0, 6);
        t0sz = MIN(t0sz, 39);
        t0sz = MAX(t0sz, 16);
    } else if (mmu_idx != ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
        /* AArch32 stage 1 translation.  */
        t0sz = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 0, 3);
    } else {
        /* AArch32 stage 2 translation.  */
        bool sext = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 4, 1);
        bool sign = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 3, 1);
        /* Address size is 40-bit for a stage 2 translation,
         * and t0sz can be negative (from -8 to 7),
         * so we need to adjust it to use the TTBR selecting logic below.
         */
        addrsize = 40;
        t0sz = sextract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 0, 4) + 8;

        /* If the sign-extend bit is not the same as t0sz[3], the result
         * is unpredictable. Flag this as a guest error.  */
        if (sign != sext) {
            qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                          "AArch32: VTCR.S / VTCR.T0SZ[3] mismatch\n");
        }
    }
    t1sz = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 16, 6);
    if (aarch64) {
        t1sz = MIN(t1sz, 39);
        t1sz = MAX(t1sz, 16);
    }
    if (t0sz && !extract64(address, addrsize - t0sz, t0sz - tbi)) {
        /* there is a ttbr0 region and we are in it (high bits all zero) */
        ttbr_select = 0;
    } else if (ttbr1_valid && t1sz &&
               !extract64(~address, addrsize - t1sz, t1sz - tbi)) {
        /* there is a ttbr1 region and we are in it (high bits all one) */
        ttbr_select = 1;
    } else if (!t0sz) {
        /* ttbr0 region is "everything not in the ttbr1 region" */
        ttbr_select = 0;
    } else if (!t1sz && ttbr1_valid) {
        /* ttbr1 region is "everything not in the ttbr0 region" */
        ttbr_select = 1;
    } else {
        /* in the gap between the two regions, this is a Translation fault */
        fault_type = ARMFault_Translation;
        goto do_fault;
    }

    /* Note that QEMU ignores shareability and cacheability attributes,
     * so we don't need to do anything with the SH, ORGN, IRGN fields
     * in the TTBCR.  Similarly, TTBCR:A1 selects whether we get the
     * ASID from TTBR0 or TTBR1, but QEMU's TLB doesn't currently
     * implement any ASID-like capability so we can ignore it (instead
     * we will always flush the TLB any time the ASID is changed).
     */
    if (ttbr_select == 0) {
        ttbr = regime_ttbr(env, mmu_idx, 0);
        if (el < 2) {
            epd = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 7, 1);
        }
        inputsize = addrsize - t0sz;

        tg = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 14, 2);
        if (tg == 1) { /* 64KB pages */
            stride = 13;
        }
        if (tg == 2) { /* 16KB pages */
            stride = 11;
        }
    } else {
        /* We should only be here if TTBR1 is valid */
        assert(ttbr1_valid);

        ttbr = regime_ttbr(env, mmu_idx, 1);
        epd = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 23, 1);
        inputsize = addrsize - t1sz;

        tg = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 30, 2);
        if (tg == 3)  { /* 64KB pages */
            stride = 13;
        }
        if (tg == 1) { /* 16KB pages */
            stride = 11;
        }
    }

    /* Here we should have set up all the parameters for the translation:
     * inputsize, ttbr, epd, stride, tbi
     */

    if (epd) {
        /* Translation table walk disabled => Translation fault on TLB miss
         * Note: This is always 0 on 64-bit EL2 and EL3.
         */
        goto do_fault;
    }

    if (mmu_idx != ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
        /* The starting level depends on the virtual address size (which can
         * be up to 48 bits) and the translation granule size. It indicates
         * the number of strides (stride bits at a time) needed to
         * consume the bits of the input address. In the pseudocode this is:
         *  level = 4 - RoundUp((inputsize - grainsize) / stride)
         * where their 'inputsize' is our 'inputsize', 'grainsize' is
         * our 'stride + 3' and 'stride' is our 'stride'.
         * Applying the usual "rounded up m/n is (m+n-1)/n" and simplifying:
         * = 4 - (inputsize - stride - 3 + stride - 1) / stride
         * = 4 - (inputsize - 4) / stride;
         */
        level = 4 - (inputsize - 4) / stride;
    } else {
        /* For stage 2 translations the starting level is specified by the
         * VTCR_EL2.SL0 field (whose interpretation depends on the page size)
         */
        uint32_t sl0 = extract32(tcr->raw_tcr, 6, 2);
        uint32_t startlevel;
        bool ok;

        if (!aarch64 || stride == 9) {
            /* AArch32 or 4KB pages */
            startlevel = 2 - sl0;
        } else {
            /* 16KB or 64KB pages */
            startlevel = 3 - sl0;
        }

        /* Check that the starting level is valid. */
        ok = check_s2_mmu_setup(cpu, aarch64, startlevel,
                                inputsize, stride);
        if (!ok) {
            fault_type = ARMFault_Translation;
            goto do_fault;
        }
        level = startlevel;
    }

    indexmask_grainsize = (1ULL << (stride + 3)) - 1;
    indexmask = (1ULL << (inputsize - (stride * (4 - level)))) - 1;

    /* Now we can extract the actual base address from the TTBR */
    descaddr = extract64(ttbr, 0, 48);
    descaddr &= ~indexmask;

    /* The address field in the descriptor goes up to bit 39 for ARMv7
     * but up to bit 47 for ARMv8, but we use the descaddrmask
     * up to bit 39 for AArch32, because we don't need other bits in that case
     * to construct next descriptor address (anyway they should be all zeroes).
     */
    descaddrmask = ((1ull << (aarch64 ? 48 : 40)) - 1) &
                   ~indexmask_grainsize;

    /* Secure accesses start with the page table in secure memory and
     * can be downgraded to non-secure at any step. Non-secure accesses
     * remain non-secure. We implement this by just ORing in the NSTable/NS
     * bits at each step.
     */
    tableattrs = regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx) ? 0 : (1 << 4);
    for (;;) {
        uint64_t descriptor;
        bool nstable;

        descaddr |= (address >> (stride * (4 - level))) & indexmask;
        descaddr &= ~7ULL;
        nstable = extract32(tableattrs, 4, 1);
        descriptor = arm_ldq_ptw(cs, descaddr, !nstable, mmu_idx, fi);
        if (fi->type != ARMFault_None) {
            goto do_fault;
        }

        if (!(descriptor & 1) ||
            (!(descriptor & 2) && (level == 3))) {
            /* Invalid, or the Reserved level 3 encoding */
            goto do_fault;
        }
        descaddr = descriptor & descaddrmask;

        if ((descriptor & 2) && (level < 3)) {
            /* Table entry. The top five bits are attributes which  may
             * propagate down through lower levels of the table (and
             * which are all arranged so that 0 means "no effect", so
             * we can gather them up by ORing in the bits at each level).
             */
            tableattrs |= extract64(descriptor, 59, 5);
            level++;
            indexmask = indexmask_grainsize;
            continue;
        }
        /* Block entry at level 1 or 2, or page entry at level 3.
         * These are basically the same thing, although the number
         * of bits we pull in from the vaddr varies.
         */
        page_size = (1ULL << ((stride * (4 - level)) + 3));
        descaddr |= (address & (page_size - 1));
        /* Extract attributes from the descriptor */
        attrs = extract64(descriptor, 2, 10)
            | (extract64(descriptor, 52, 12) << 10);

        if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
            /* Stage 2 table descriptors do not include any attribute fields */
            break;
        }
        /* Merge in attributes from table descriptors */
        attrs |= extract32(tableattrs, 0, 2) << 11; /* XN, PXN */
        attrs |= extract32(tableattrs, 3, 1) << 5; /* APTable[1] => AP[2] */
        /* The sense of AP[1] vs APTable[0] is reversed, as APTable[0] == 1
         * means "force PL1 access only", which means forcing AP[1] to 0.
         */
        if (extract32(tableattrs, 2, 1)) {
            attrs &= ~(1 << 4);
        }
        attrs |= nstable << 3; /* NS */
        break;
    }
    /* Here descaddr is the final physical address, and attributes
     * are all in attrs.
     */
    fault_type = ARMFault_AccessFlag;
    if ((attrs & (1 << 8)) == 0) {
        /* Access flag */
        goto do_fault;
    }

    ap = extract32(attrs, 4, 2);
    xn = extract32(attrs, 12, 1);

    if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
        ns = true;
        *prot = get_S2prot(env, ap, xn);
    } else {
        ns = extract32(attrs, 3, 1);
        pxn = extract32(attrs, 11, 1);
        *prot = get_S1prot(env, mmu_idx, aarch64, ap, ns, xn, pxn);
    }

    fault_type = ARMFault_Permission;
    if (!(*prot & (1 << access_type))) {
        goto do_fault;
    }

    if (ns) {
        /* The NS bit will (as required by the architecture) have no effect if
         * the CPU doesn't support TZ or this is a non-secure translation
         * regime, because the attribute will already be non-secure.
         */
        txattrs->secure = false;
    }

    if (cacheattrs != NULL) {
        if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S2NS) {
            cacheattrs->attrs = convert_stage2_attrs(env,
                                                     extract32(attrs, 0, 4));
        } else {
            /* Index into MAIR registers for cache attributes */
            uint8_t attrindx = extract32(attrs, 0, 3);
            uint64_t mair = env->cp15.mair_el[regime_el(env, mmu_idx)];
            assert(attrindx <= 7);
            cacheattrs->attrs = extract64(mair, attrindx * 8, 8);
        }
        cacheattrs->shareability = extract32(attrs, 6, 2);
    }

    *phys_ptr = descaddr;
    *page_size_ptr = page_size;
    return false;

do_fault:
    fi->type = fault_type;
    fi->level = level;
    /* Tag the error as S2 for failed S1 PTW at S2 or ordinary S2.  */
    fi->stage2 = fi->s1ptw || (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S2NS);
    return true;
}

static inline void get_phys_addr_pmsav7_default(CPUARMState *env,
                                                ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                                int32_t address, int *prot)
{
    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M)) {
        *prot = PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
        switch (address) {
        case 0xF0000000 ... 0xFFFFFFFF:
            if (regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & SCTLR_V) {
                /* hivecs execing is ok */
                *prot |= PAGE_EXEC;
            }
            break;
        case 0x00000000 ... 0x7FFFFFFF:
            *prot |= PAGE_EXEC;
            break;
        }
    } else {
        /* Default system address map for M profile cores.
         * The architecture specifies which regions are execute-never;
         * at the MPU level no other checks are defined.
         */
        switch (address) {
        case 0x00000000 ... 0x1fffffff: /* ROM */
        case 0x20000000 ... 0x3fffffff: /* SRAM */
        case 0x60000000 ... 0x7fffffff: /* RAM */
        case 0x80000000 ... 0x9fffffff: /* RAM */
            *prot = PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE | PAGE_EXEC;
            break;
        case 0x40000000 ... 0x5fffffff: /* Peripheral */
        case 0xa0000000 ... 0xbfffffff: /* Device */
        case 0xc0000000 ... 0xdfffffff: /* Device */
        case 0xe0000000 ... 0xffffffff: /* System */
            *prot = PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
            break;
        default:
            g_assert_not_reached();
        }
    }
}

static bool pmsav7_use_background_region(ARMCPU *cpu,
                                         ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx, bool is_user)
{
    /* Return true if we should use the default memory map as a
     * "background" region if there are no hits against any MPU regions.
     */
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;

    if (is_user) {
        return false;
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M)) {
        return env->v7m.mpu_ctrl[regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx)]
            & R_V7M_MPU_CTRL_PRIVDEFENA_MASK;
    } else {
        return regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & SCTLR_BR;
    }
}

static inline bool m_is_ppb_region(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address)
{
    /* True if address is in the M profile PPB region 0xe0000000 - 0xe00fffff */
    return arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M) &&
        extract32(address, 20, 12) == 0xe00;
}

static inline bool m_is_system_region(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address)
{
    /* True if address is in the M profile system region
     * 0xe0000000 - 0xffffffff
     */
    return arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M) && extract32(address, 29, 3) == 0x7;
}

static bool get_phys_addr_pmsav7(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address,
                                 MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                 hwaddr *phys_ptr, int *prot,
                                 target_ulong *page_size,
                                 ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    int n;
    bool is_user = regime_is_user(env, mmu_idx);

    *phys_ptr = address;
    *page_size = TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
    *prot = 0;

    if (regime_translation_disabled(env, mmu_idx) ||
        m_is_ppb_region(env, address)) {
        /* MPU disabled or M profile PPB access: use default memory map.
         * The other case which uses the default memory map in the
         * v7M ARM ARM pseudocode is exception vector reads from the vector
         * table. In QEMU those accesses are done in arm_v7m_load_vector(),
         * which always does a direct read using address_space_ldl(), rather
         * than going via this function, so we don't need to check that here.
         */
        get_phys_addr_pmsav7_default(env, mmu_idx, address, prot);
    } else { /* MPU enabled */
        for (n = (int)cpu->pmsav7_dregion - 1; n >= 0; n--) {
            /* region search */
            uint32_t base = env->pmsav7.drbar[n];
            uint32_t rsize = extract32(env->pmsav7.drsr[n], 1, 5);
            uint32_t rmask;
            bool srdis = false;

            if (!(env->pmsav7.drsr[n] & 0x1)) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!rsize) {
                qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                              "DRSR[%d]: Rsize field cannot be 0\n", n);
                continue;
            }
            rsize++;
            rmask = (1ull << rsize) - 1;

            if (base & rmask) {
                qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                              "DRBAR[%d]: 0x%" PRIx32 " misaligned "
                              "to DRSR region size, mask = 0x%" PRIx32 "\n",
                              n, base, rmask);
                continue;
            }

            if (address < base || address > base + rmask) {
                continue;
            }

            /* Region matched */

            if (rsize >= 8) { /* no subregions for regions < 256 bytes */
                int i, snd;
                uint32_t srdis_mask;

                rsize -= 3; /* sub region size (power of 2) */
                snd = ((address - base) >> rsize) & 0x7;
                srdis = extract32(env->pmsav7.drsr[n], snd + 8, 1);

                srdis_mask = srdis ? 0x3 : 0x0;
                for (i = 2; i <= 8 && rsize < TARGET_PAGE_BITS; i *= 2) {
                    /* This will check in groups of 2, 4 and then 8, whether
                     * the subregion bits are consistent. rsize is incremented
                     * back up to give the region size, considering consistent
                     * adjacent subregions as one region. Stop testing if rsize
                     * is already big enough for an entire QEMU page.
                     */
                    int snd_rounded = snd & ~(i - 1);
                    uint32_t srdis_multi = extract32(env->pmsav7.drsr[n],
                                                     snd_rounded + 8, i);
                    if (srdis_mask ^ srdis_multi) {
                        break;
                    }
                    srdis_mask = (srdis_mask << i) | srdis_mask;
                    rsize++;
                }
            }
            if (srdis) {
                continue;
            }
            if (rsize < TARGET_PAGE_BITS) {
                *page_size = 1 << rsize;
            }
            break;
        }

        if (n == -1) { /* no hits */
            if (!pmsav7_use_background_region(cpu, mmu_idx, is_user)) {
                /* background fault */
                fi->type = ARMFault_Background;
                return true;
            }
            get_phys_addr_pmsav7_default(env, mmu_idx, address, prot);
        } else { /* a MPU hit! */
            uint32_t ap = extract32(env->pmsav7.dracr[n], 8, 3);
            uint32_t xn = extract32(env->pmsav7.dracr[n], 12, 1);

            if (m_is_system_region(env, address)) {
                /* System space is always execute never */
                xn = 1;
            }

            if (is_user) { /* User mode AP bit decoding */
                switch (ap) {
                case 0:
                case 1:
                case 5:
                    break; /* no access */
                case 3:
                    *prot |= PAGE_WRITE;
                    /* fall through */
                case 2:
                case 6:
                    *prot |= PAGE_READ | PAGE_EXEC;
                    break;
                case 7:
                    /* for v7M, same as 6; for R profile a reserved value */
                    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M)) {
                        *prot |= PAGE_READ | PAGE_EXEC;
                        break;
                    }
                    /* fall through */
                default:
                    qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                                  "DRACR[%d]: Bad value for AP bits: 0x%"
                                  PRIx32 "\n", n, ap);
                }
            } else { /* Priv. mode AP bits decoding */
                switch (ap) {
                case 0:
                    break; /* no access */
                case 1:
                case 2:
                case 3:
                    *prot |= PAGE_WRITE;
                    /* fall through */
                case 5:
                case 6:
                    *prot |= PAGE_READ | PAGE_EXEC;
                    break;
                case 7:
                    /* for v7M, same as 6; for R profile a reserved value */
                    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M)) {
                        *prot |= PAGE_READ | PAGE_EXEC;
                        break;
                    }
                    /* fall through */
                default:
                    qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
                                  "DRACR[%d]: Bad value for AP bits: 0x%"
                                  PRIx32 "\n", n, ap);
                }
            }

            /* execute never */
            if (xn) {
                *prot &= ~PAGE_EXEC;
            }
        }
    }

    fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
    fi->level = 1;
    /*
     * Core QEMU code can't handle execution from small pages yet, so
     * don't try it. This way we'll get an MPU exception, rather than
     * eventually causing QEMU to exit in get_page_addr_code().
     */
    if (*page_size < TARGET_PAGE_SIZE && (*prot & PAGE_EXEC)) {
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                      "MPU: No support for execution from regions "
                      "smaller than 1K\n");
        *prot &= ~PAGE_EXEC;
    }
    return !(*prot & (1 << access_type));
}

static bool v8m_is_sau_exempt(CPUARMState *env,
                              uint32_t address, MMUAccessType access_type)
{
    /* The architecture specifies that certain address ranges are
     * exempt from v8M SAU/IDAU checks.
     */
    return
        (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH && m_is_system_region(env, address)) ||
        (address >= 0xe0000000 && address <= 0xe0002fff) ||
        (address >= 0xe000e000 && address <= 0xe000efff) ||
        (address >= 0xe002e000 && address <= 0xe002efff) ||
        (address >= 0xe0040000 && address <= 0xe0041fff) ||
        (address >= 0xe00ff000 && address <= 0xe00fffff);
}

static void v8m_security_lookup(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address,
                                MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                V8M_SAttributes *sattrs)
{
    /* Look up the security attributes for this address. Compare the
     * pseudocode SecurityCheck() function.
     * We assume the caller has zero-initialized *sattrs.
     */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    int r;
    bool idau_exempt = false, idau_ns = true, idau_nsc = true;
    int idau_region = IREGION_NOTVALID;
    uint32_t addr_page_base = address & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
    uint32_t addr_page_limit = addr_page_base + (TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1);

    if (cpu->idau) {
        IDAUInterfaceClass *iic = IDAU_INTERFACE_GET_CLASS(cpu->idau);
        IDAUInterface *ii = IDAU_INTERFACE(cpu->idau);

        iic->check(ii, address, &idau_region, &idau_exempt, &idau_ns,
                   &idau_nsc);
    }

    if (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH && extract32(address, 28, 4) == 0xf) {
        /* 0xf0000000..0xffffffff is always S for insn fetches */
        return;
    }

    if (idau_exempt || v8m_is_sau_exempt(env, address, access_type)) {
        sattrs->ns = !regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx);
        return;
    }

    if (idau_region != IREGION_NOTVALID) {
        sattrs->irvalid = true;
        sattrs->iregion = idau_region;
    }

    switch (env->sau.ctrl & 3) {
    case 0: /* SAU.ENABLE == 0, SAU.ALLNS == 0 */
        break;
    case 2: /* SAU.ENABLE == 0, SAU.ALLNS == 1 */
        sattrs->ns = true;
        break;
    default: /* SAU.ENABLE == 1 */
        for (r = 0; r < cpu->sau_sregion; r++) {
            if (env->sau.rlar[r] & 1) {
                uint32_t base = env->sau.rbar[r] & ~0x1f;
                uint32_t limit = env->sau.rlar[r] | 0x1f;

                if (base <= address && limit >= address) {
                    if (base > addr_page_base || limit < addr_page_limit) {
                        sattrs->subpage = true;
                    }
                    if (sattrs->srvalid) {
                        /* If we hit in more than one region then we must report
                         * as Secure, not NS-Callable, with no valid region
                         * number info.
                         */
                        sattrs->ns = false;
                        sattrs->nsc = false;
                        sattrs->sregion = 0;
                        sattrs->srvalid = false;
                        break;
                    } else {
                        if (env->sau.rlar[r] & 2) {
                            sattrs->nsc = true;
                        } else {
                            sattrs->ns = true;
                        }
                        sattrs->srvalid = true;
                        sattrs->sregion = r;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /* The IDAU will override the SAU lookup results if it specifies
         * higher security than the SAU does.
         */
        if (!idau_ns) {
            if (sattrs->ns || (!idau_nsc && sattrs->nsc)) {
                sattrs->ns = false;
                sattrs->nsc = idau_nsc;
            }
        }
        break;
    }
}

static bool pmsav8_mpu_lookup(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address,
                              MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                              hwaddr *phys_ptr, MemTxAttrs *txattrs,
                              int *prot, bool *is_subpage,
                              ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi, uint32_t *mregion)
{
    /* Perform a PMSAv8 MPU lookup (without also doing the SAU check
     * that a full phys-to-virt translation does).
     * mregion is (if not NULL) set to the region number which matched,
     * or -1 if no region number is returned (MPU off, address did not
     * hit a region, address hit in multiple regions).
     * We set is_subpage to true if the region hit doesn't cover the
     * entire TARGET_PAGE the address is within.
     */
    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    bool is_user = regime_is_user(env, mmu_idx);
    uint32_t secure = regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx);
    int n;
    int matchregion = -1;
    bool hit = false;
    uint32_t addr_page_base = address & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
    uint32_t addr_page_limit = addr_page_base + (TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1);

    *is_subpage = false;
    *phys_ptr = address;
    *prot = 0;
    if (mregion) {
        *mregion = -1;
    }

    /* Unlike the ARM ARM pseudocode, we don't need to check whether this
     * was an exception vector read from the vector table (which is always
     * done using the default system address map), because those accesses
     * are done in arm_v7m_load_vector(), which always does a direct
     * read using address_space_ldl(), rather than going via this function.
     */
    if (regime_translation_disabled(env, mmu_idx)) { /* MPU disabled */
        hit = true;
    } else if (m_is_ppb_region(env, address)) {
        hit = true;
    } else if (pmsav7_use_background_region(cpu, mmu_idx, is_user)) {
        hit = true;
    } else {
        for (n = (int)cpu->pmsav7_dregion - 1; n >= 0; n--) {
            /* region search */
            /* Note that the base address is bits [31:5] from the register
             * with bits [4:0] all zeroes, but the limit address is bits
             * [31:5] from the register with bits [4:0] all ones.
             */
            uint32_t base = env->pmsav8.rbar[secure][n] & ~0x1f;
            uint32_t limit = env->pmsav8.rlar[secure][n] | 0x1f;

            if (!(env->pmsav8.rlar[secure][n] & 0x1)) {
                /* Region disabled */
                continue;
            }

            if (address < base || address > limit) {
                continue;
            }

            if (base > addr_page_base || limit < addr_page_limit) {
                *is_subpage = true;
            }

            if (hit) {
                /* Multiple regions match -- always a failure (unlike
                 * PMSAv7 where highest-numbered-region wins)
                 */
                fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
                fi->level = 1;
                return true;
            }

            matchregion = n;
            hit = true;
        }
    }

    if (!hit) {
        /* background fault */
        fi->type = ARMFault_Background;
        return true;
    }

    if (matchregion == -1) {
        /* hit using the background region */
        get_phys_addr_pmsav7_default(env, mmu_idx, address, prot);
    } else {
        uint32_t ap = extract32(env->pmsav8.rbar[secure][matchregion], 1, 2);
        uint32_t xn = extract32(env->pmsav8.rbar[secure][matchregion], 0, 1);

        if (m_is_system_region(env, address)) {
            /* System space is always execute never */
            xn = 1;
        }

        *prot = simple_ap_to_rw_prot(env, mmu_idx, ap);
        if (*prot && !xn) {
            *prot |= PAGE_EXEC;
        }
        /* We don't need to look the attribute up in the MAIR0/MAIR1
         * registers because that only tells us about cacheability.
         */
        if (mregion) {
            *mregion = matchregion;
        }
    }

    fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
    fi->level = 1;
    /*
     * Core QEMU code can't handle execution from small pages yet, so
     * don't try it. This means any attempted execution will generate
     * an MPU exception, rather than eventually causing QEMU to exit in
     * get_page_addr_code().
     */
    if (*is_subpage && (*prot & PAGE_EXEC)) {
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP,
                      "MPU: No support for execution from regions "
                      "smaller than 1K\n");
        *prot &= ~PAGE_EXEC;
    }
    return !(*prot & (1 << access_type));
}


static bool get_phys_addr_pmsav8(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address,
                                 MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                 hwaddr *phys_ptr, MemTxAttrs *txattrs,
                                 int *prot, target_ulong *page_size,
                                 ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    uint32_t secure = regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx);
    V8M_SAttributes sattrs = {};
    bool ret;
    bool mpu_is_subpage;

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
        v8m_security_lookup(env, address, access_type, mmu_idx, &sattrs);
        if (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH) {
            /* Instruction fetches always use the MMU bank and the
             * transaction attribute determined by the fetch address,
             * regardless of CPU state. This is painful for QEMU
             * to handle, because it would mean we need to encode
             * into the mmu_idx not just the (user, negpri) information
             * for the current security state but also that for the
             * other security state, which would balloon the number
             * of mmu_idx values needed alarmingly.
             * Fortunately we can avoid this because it's not actually
             * possible to arbitrarily execute code from memory with
             * the wrong security attribute: it will always generate
             * an exception of some kind or another, apart from the
             * special case of an NS CPU executing an SG instruction
             * in S&NSC memory. So we always just fail the translation
             * here and sort things out in the exception handler
             * (including possibly emulating an SG instruction).
             */
            if (sattrs.ns != !secure) {
                if (sattrs.nsc) {
                    fi->type = ARMFault_QEMU_NSCExec;
                } else {
                    fi->type = ARMFault_QEMU_SFault;
                }
                *page_size = sattrs.subpage ? 1 : TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
                *phys_ptr = address;
                *prot = 0;
                return true;
            }
        } else {
            /* For data accesses we always use the MMU bank indicated
             * by the current CPU state, but the security attributes
             * might downgrade a secure access to nonsecure.
             */
            if (sattrs.ns) {
                txattrs->secure = false;
            } else if (!secure) {
                /* NS access to S memory must fault.
                 * Architecturally we should first check whether the
                 * MPU information for this address indicates that we
                 * are doing an unaligned access to Device memory, which
                 * should generate a UsageFault instead. QEMU does not
                 * currently check for that kind of unaligned access though.
                 * If we added it we would need to do so as a special case
                 * for M_FAKE_FSR_SFAULT in arm_v7m_cpu_do_interrupt().
                 */
                fi->type = ARMFault_QEMU_SFault;
                *page_size = sattrs.subpage ? 1 : TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
                *phys_ptr = address;
                *prot = 0;
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    ret = pmsav8_mpu_lookup(env, address, access_type, mmu_idx, phys_ptr,
                            txattrs, prot, &mpu_is_subpage, fi, NULL);
    /*
     * TODO: this is a temporary hack to ignore the fact that the SAU region
     * is smaller than a page if this is an executable region. We never
     * supported small MPU regions, but we did (accidentally) allow small
     * SAU regions, and if we now made small SAU regions not be executable
     * then this would break previously working guest code. We can't
     * remove this until/unless we implement support for execution from
     * small regions.
     */
    if (*prot & PAGE_EXEC) {
        sattrs.subpage = false;
    }
    *page_size = sattrs.subpage || mpu_is_subpage ? 1 : TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
    return ret;
}

static bool get_phys_addr_pmsav5(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t address,
                                 MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                                 hwaddr *phys_ptr, int *prot,
                                 ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    int n;
    uint32_t mask;
    uint32_t base;
    bool is_user = regime_is_user(env, mmu_idx);

    if (regime_translation_disabled(env, mmu_idx)) {
        /* MPU disabled.  */
        *phys_ptr = address;
        *prot = PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE | PAGE_EXEC;
        return false;
    }

    *phys_ptr = address;
    for (n = 7; n >= 0; n--) {
        base = env->cp15.c6_region[n];
        if ((base & 1) == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        mask = 1 << ((base >> 1) & 0x1f);
        /* Keep this shift separate from the above to avoid an
           (undefined) << 32.  */
        mask = (mask << 1) - 1;
        if (((base ^ address) & ~mask) == 0) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (n < 0) {
        fi->type = ARMFault_Background;
        return true;
    }

    if (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH) {
        mask = env->cp15.pmsav5_insn_ap;
    } else {
        mask = env->cp15.pmsav5_data_ap;
    }
    mask = (mask >> (n * 4)) & 0xf;
    switch (mask) {
    case 0:
        fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
        fi->level = 1;
        return true;
    case 1:
        if (is_user) {
            fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
            fi->level = 1;
            return true;
        }
        *prot = PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
        break;
    case 2:
        *prot = PAGE_READ;
        if (!is_user) {
            *prot |= PAGE_WRITE;
        }
        break;
    case 3:
        *prot = PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE;
        break;
    case 5:
        if (is_user) {
            fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
            fi->level = 1;
            return true;
        }
        *prot = PAGE_READ;
        break;
    case 6:
        *prot = PAGE_READ;
        break;
    default:
        /* Bad permission.  */
        fi->type = ARMFault_Permission;
        fi->level = 1;
        return true;
    }
    *prot |= PAGE_EXEC;
    return false;
}

/* Combine either inner or outer cacheability attributes for normal
 * memory, according to table D4-42 and pseudocode procedure
 * CombineS1S2AttrHints() of ARM DDI 0487B.b (the ARMv8 ARM).
 *
 * NB: only stage 1 includes allocation hints (RW bits), leading to
 * some asymmetry.
 */
static uint8_t combine_cacheattr_nibble(uint8_t s1, uint8_t s2)
{
    if (s1 == 4 || s2 == 4) {
        /* non-cacheable has precedence */
        return 4;
    } else if (extract32(s1, 2, 2) == 0 || extract32(s1, 2, 2) == 2) {
        /* stage 1 write-through takes precedence */
        return s1;
    } else if (extract32(s2, 2, 2) == 2) {
        /* stage 2 write-through takes precedence, but the allocation hint
         * is still taken from stage 1
         */
        return (2 << 2) | extract32(s1, 0, 2);
    } else { /* write-back */
        return s1;
    }
}

/* Combine S1 and S2 cacheability/shareability attributes, per D4.5.4
 * and CombineS1S2Desc()
 *
 * @s1:      Attributes from stage 1 walk
 * @s2:      Attributes from stage 2 walk
 */
static ARMCacheAttrs combine_cacheattrs(ARMCacheAttrs s1, ARMCacheAttrs s2)
{
    uint8_t s1lo = extract32(s1.attrs, 0, 4), s2lo = extract32(s2.attrs, 0, 4);
    uint8_t s1hi = extract32(s1.attrs, 4, 4), s2hi = extract32(s2.attrs, 4, 4);
    ARMCacheAttrs ret;

    /* Combine shareability attributes (table D4-43) */
    if (s1.shareability == 2 || s2.shareability == 2) {
        /* if either are outer-shareable, the result is outer-shareable */
        ret.shareability = 2;
    } else if (s1.shareability == 3 || s2.shareability == 3) {
        /* if either are inner-shareable, the result is inner-shareable */
        ret.shareability = 3;
    } else {
        /* both non-shareable */
        ret.shareability = 0;
    }

    /* Combine memory type and cacheability attributes */
    if (s1hi == 0 || s2hi == 0) {
        /* Device has precedence over normal */
        if (s1lo == 0 || s2lo == 0) {
            /* nGnRnE has precedence over anything */
            ret.attrs = 0;
        } else if (s1lo == 4 || s2lo == 4) {
            /* non-Reordering has precedence over Reordering */
            ret.attrs = 4;  /* nGnRE */
        } else if (s1lo == 8 || s2lo == 8) {
            /* non-Gathering has precedence over Gathering */
            ret.attrs = 8;  /* nGRE */
        } else {
            ret.attrs = 0xc; /* GRE */
        }

        /* Any location for which the resultant memory type is any
         * type of Device memory is always treated as Outer Shareable.
         */
        ret.shareability = 2;
    } else { /* Normal memory */
        /* Outer/inner cacheability combine independently */
        ret.attrs = combine_cacheattr_nibble(s1hi, s2hi) << 4
                  | combine_cacheattr_nibble(s1lo, s2lo);

        if (ret.attrs == 0x44) {
            /* Any location for which the resultant memory type is Normal
             * Inner Non-cacheable, Outer Non-cacheable is always treated
             * as Outer Shareable.
             */
            ret.shareability = 2;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}


/* get_phys_addr - get the physical address for this virtual address
 *
 * Find the physical address corresponding to the given virtual address,
 * by doing a translation table walk on MMU based systems or using the
 * MPU state on MPU based systems.
 *
 * Returns false if the translation was successful. Otherwise, phys_ptr, attrs,
 * prot and page_size may not be filled in, and the populated fsr value provides
 * information on why the translation aborted, in the format of a
 * DFSR/IFSR fault register, with the following caveats:
 *  * we honour the short vs long DFSR format differences.
 *  * the WnR bit is never set (the caller must do this).
 *  * for PSMAv5 based systems we don't bother to return a full FSR format
 *    value.
 *
 * @env: CPUARMState
 * @address: virtual address to get physical address for
 * @access_type: 0 for read, 1 for write, 2 for execute
 * @mmu_idx: MMU index indicating required translation regime
 * @phys_ptr: set to the physical address corresponding to the virtual address
 * @attrs: set to the memory transaction attributes to use
 * @prot: set to the permissions for the page containing phys_ptr
 * @page_size: set to the size of the page containing phys_ptr
 * @fi: set to fault info if the translation fails
 * @cacheattrs: (if non-NULL) set to the cacheability/shareability attributes
 */
static bool get_phys_addr(CPUARMState *env, target_ulong address,
                          MMUAccessType access_type, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx,
                          hwaddr *phys_ptr, MemTxAttrs *attrs, int *prot,
                          target_ulong *page_size,
                          ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi, ARMCacheAttrs *cacheattrs)
{
    if (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE0 || mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_S12NSE1) {
        /* Call ourselves recursively to do the stage 1 and then stage 2
         * translations.
         */
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) {
            hwaddr ipa;
            int s2_prot;
            int ret;
            ARMCacheAttrs cacheattrs2 = {};

            ret = get_phys_addr(env, address, access_type,
                                stage_1_mmu_idx(mmu_idx), &ipa, attrs,
                                prot, page_size, fi, cacheattrs);

            /* If S1 fails or S2 is disabled, return early.  */
            if (ret || regime_translation_disabled(env, ARMMMUIdx_S2NS)) {
                *phys_ptr = ipa;
                return ret;
            }

            /* S1 is done. Now do S2 translation.  */
            ret = get_phys_addr_lpae(env, ipa, access_type, ARMMMUIdx_S2NS,
                                     phys_ptr, attrs, &s2_prot,
                                     page_size, fi,
                                     cacheattrs != NULL ? &cacheattrs2 : NULL);
            fi->s2addr = ipa;
            /* Combine the S1 and S2 perms.  */
            *prot &= s2_prot;

            /* Combine the S1 and S2 cache attributes, if needed */
            if (!ret && cacheattrs != NULL) {
                *cacheattrs = combine_cacheattrs(*cacheattrs, cacheattrs2);
            }

            return ret;
        } else {
            /*
             * For non-EL2 CPUs a stage1+stage2 translation is just stage 1.
             */
            mmu_idx = stage_1_mmu_idx(mmu_idx);
        }
    }

    /* The page table entries may downgrade secure to non-secure, but
     * cannot upgrade an non-secure translation regime's attributes
     * to secure.
     */
    attrs->secure = regime_is_secure(env, mmu_idx);
    attrs->user = regime_is_user(env, mmu_idx);

    /* Fast Context Switch Extension. This doesn't exist at all in v8.
     * In v7 and earlier it affects all stage 1 translations.
     */
    if (address < 0x02000000 && mmu_idx != ARMMMUIdx_S2NS
        && !arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
        if (regime_el(env, mmu_idx) == 3) {
            address += env->cp15.fcseidr_s;
        } else {
            address += env->cp15.fcseidr_ns;
        }
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_PMSA)) {
        bool ret;
        *page_size = TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;

        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            /* PMSAv8 */
            ret = get_phys_addr_pmsav8(env, address, access_type, mmu_idx,
                                       phys_ptr, attrs, prot, page_size, fi);
        } else if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V7)) {
            /* PMSAv7 */
            ret = get_phys_addr_pmsav7(env, address, access_type, mmu_idx,
                                       phys_ptr, prot, page_size, fi);
        } else {
            /* Pre-v7 MPU */
            ret = get_phys_addr_pmsav5(env, address, access_type, mmu_idx,
                                       phys_ptr, prot, fi);
        }
        qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_MMU, "PMSA MPU lookup for %s at 0x%08" PRIx32
                      " mmu_idx %u -> %s (prot %c%c%c)\n",
                      access_type == MMU_DATA_LOAD ? "reading" :
                      (access_type == MMU_DATA_STORE ? "writing" : "execute"),
                      (uint32_t)address, mmu_idx,
                      ret ? "Miss" : "Hit",
                      *prot & PAGE_READ ? 'r' : '-',
                      *prot & PAGE_WRITE ? 'w' : '-',
                      *prot & PAGE_EXEC ? 'x' : '-');

        return ret;
    }

    /* Definitely a real MMU, not an MPU */

    if (regime_translation_disabled(env, mmu_idx)) {
        /* MMU disabled. */
        *phys_ptr = address;
        *prot = PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE | PAGE_EXEC;
        *page_size = TARGET_PAGE_SIZE;
        return 0;
    }

    if (regime_using_lpae_format(env, mmu_idx)) {
        return get_phys_addr_lpae(env, address, access_type, mmu_idx,
                                  phys_ptr, attrs, prot, page_size,
                                  fi, cacheattrs);
    } else if (regime_sctlr(env, mmu_idx) & SCTLR_XP) {
        return get_phys_addr_v6(env, address, access_type, mmu_idx,
                                phys_ptr, attrs, prot, page_size, fi);
    } else {
        return get_phys_addr_v5(env, address, access_type, mmu_idx,
                                    phys_ptr, prot, page_size, fi);
    }
}

/* Walk the page table and (if the mapping exists) add the page
 * to the TLB. Return false on success, or true on failure. Populate
 * fsr with ARM DFSR/IFSR fault register format value on failure.
 */
bool arm_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
                  MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                  ARMMMUFaultInfo *fi)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    hwaddr phys_addr;
    target_ulong page_size;
    int prot;
    int ret;
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};

    ret = get_phys_addr(env, address, access_type,
                        core_to_arm_mmu_idx(env, mmu_idx), &phys_addr,
                        &attrs, &prot, &page_size, fi, NULL);
    if (!ret) {
        /*
         * Map a single [sub]page. Regions smaller than our declared
         * target page size are handled specially, so for those we
         * pass in the exact addresses.
         */
        if (page_size >= TARGET_PAGE_SIZE) {
            phys_addr &= TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
            address &= TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
        }
        tlb_set_page_with_attrs(cs, address, phys_addr, attrs,
                                prot, mmu_idx, page_size);
        return 0;
    }

    return ret;
}

hwaddr arm_cpu_get_phys_page_attrs_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                         MemTxAttrs *attrs)
{
    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
    CPUARMState *env = &cpu->env;
    hwaddr phys_addr;
    target_ulong page_size;
    int prot;
    bool ret;
    ARMMMUFaultInfo fi = {};
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx = core_to_arm_mmu_idx(env, cpu_mmu_index(env, false));

    *attrs = (MemTxAttrs) {};

    ret = get_phys_addr(env, addr, 0, mmu_idx, &phys_addr,
                        attrs, &prot, &page_size, &fi, NULL);

    if (ret) {
        return -1;
    }
    return phys_addr;
}

uint32_t HELPER(v7m_mrs)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t reg)
{
    uint32_t mask;
    unsigned el = arm_current_el(env);

    /* First handle registers which unprivileged can read */

    switch (reg) {
    case 0 ... 7: /* xPSR sub-fields */
        mask = 0;
        if ((reg & 1) && el) {
            mask |= XPSR_EXCP; /* IPSR (unpriv. reads as zero) */
        }
        if (!(reg & 4)) {
            mask |= XPSR_NZCV | XPSR_Q; /* APSR */
        }
        /* EPSR reads as zero */
        return xpsr_read(env) & mask;
        break;
    case 20: /* CONTROL */
        return env->v7m.control[env->v7m.secure];
    case 0x94: /* CONTROL_NS */
        /* We have to handle this here because unprivileged Secure code
         * can read the NS CONTROL register.
         */
        if (!env->v7m.secure) {
            return 0;
        }
        return env->v7m.control[M_REG_NS];
    }

    if (el == 0) {
        return 0; /* unprivileged reads others as zero */
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
        switch (reg) {
        case 0x88: /* MSP_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return 0;
            }
            return env->v7m.other_ss_msp;
        case 0x89: /* PSP_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return 0;
            }
            return env->v7m.other_ss_psp;
        case 0x8a: /* MSPLIM_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return 0;
            }
            return env->v7m.msplim[M_REG_NS];
        case 0x8b: /* PSPLIM_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return 0;
            }
            return env->v7m.psplim[M_REG_NS];
        case 0x90: /* PRIMASK_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return 0;
            }
            return env->v7m.primask[M_REG_NS];
        case 0x91: /* BASEPRI_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return 0;
            }
            return env->v7m.basepri[M_REG_NS];
        case 0x93: /* FAULTMASK_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return 0;
            }
            return env->v7m.faultmask[M_REG_NS];
        case 0x98: /* SP_NS */
        {
            /* This gives the non-secure SP selected based on whether we're
             * currently in handler mode or not, using the NS CONTROL.SPSEL.
             */
            bool spsel = env->v7m.control[M_REG_NS] & R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_MASK;

            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return 0;
            }
            if (!arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env) && spsel) {
                return env->v7m.other_ss_psp;
            } else {
                return env->v7m.other_ss_msp;
            }
        }
        default:
            break;
        }
    }

    switch (reg) {
    case 8: /* MSP */
        return v7m_using_psp(env) ? env->v7m.other_sp : env->regs[13];
    case 9: /* PSP */
        return v7m_using_psp(env) ? env->regs[13] : env->v7m.other_sp;
    case 10: /* MSPLIM */
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            goto bad_reg;
        }
        return env->v7m.msplim[env->v7m.secure];
    case 11: /* PSPLIM */
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            goto bad_reg;
        }
        return env->v7m.psplim[env->v7m.secure];
    case 16: /* PRIMASK */
        return env->v7m.primask[env->v7m.secure];
    case 17: /* BASEPRI */
    case 18: /* BASEPRI_MAX */
        return env->v7m.basepri[env->v7m.secure];
    case 19: /* FAULTMASK */
        return env->v7m.faultmask[env->v7m.secure];
    default:
    bad_reg:
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Attempt to read unknown special"
                                       " register %d\n", reg);
        return 0;
    }
}

void HELPER(v7m_msr)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t maskreg, uint32_t val)
{
    /* We're passed bits [11..0] of the instruction; extract
     * SYSm and the mask bits.
     * Invalid combinations of SYSm and mask are UNPREDICTABLE;
     * we choose to treat them as if the mask bits were valid.
     * NB that the pseudocode 'mask' variable is bits [11..10],
     * whereas ours is [11..8].
     */
    uint32_t mask = extract32(maskreg, 8, 4);
    uint32_t reg = extract32(maskreg, 0, 8);

    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && reg > 7) {
        /* only xPSR sub-fields may be written by unprivileged */
        return;
    }

    if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_M_SECURITY)) {
        switch (reg) {
        case 0x88: /* MSP_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            env->v7m.other_ss_msp = val;
            return;
        case 0x89: /* PSP_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            env->v7m.other_ss_psp = val;
            return;
        case 0x8a: /* MSPLIM_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            env->v7m.msplim[M_REG_NS] = val & ~7;
            return;
        case 0x8b: /* PSPLIM_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            env->v7m.psplim[M_REG_NS] = val & ~7;
            return;
        case 0x90: /* PRIMASK_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            env->v7m.primask[M_REG_NS] = val & 1;
            return;
        case 0x91: /* BASEPRI_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            env->v7m.basepri[M_REG_NS] = val & 0xff;
            return;
        case 0x93: /* FAULTMASK_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            env->v7m.faultmask[M_REG_NS] = val & 1;
            return;
        case 0x94: /* CONTROL_NS */
            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            write_v7m_control_spsel_for_secstate(env,
                                                 val & R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_MASK,
                                                 M_REG_NS);
            env->v7m.control[M_REG_NS] &= ~R_V7M_CONTROL_NPRIV_MASK;
            env->v7m.control[M_REG_NS] |= val & R_V7M_CONTROL_NPRIV_MASK;
            return;
        case 0x98: /* SP_NS */
        {
            /* This gives the non-secure SP selected based on whether we're
             * currently in handler mode or not, using the NS CONTROL.SPSEL.
             */
            bool spsel = env->v7m.control[M_REG_NS] & R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_MASK;

            if (!env->v7m.secure) {
                return;
            }
            if (!arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env) && spsel) {
                env->v7m.other_ss_psp = val;
            } else {
                env->v7m.other_ss_msp = val;
            }
            return;
        }
        default:
            break;
        }
    }

    switch (reg) {
    case 0 ... 7: /* xPSR sub-fields */
        /* only APSR is actually writable */
        if (!(reg & 4)) {
            uint32_t apsrmask = 0;

            if (mask & 8) {
                apsrmask |= XPSR_NZCV | XPSR_Q;
            }
            if ((mask & 4) && arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_THUMB_DSP)) {
                apsrmask |= XPSR_GE;
            }
            xpsr_write(env, val, apsrmask);
        }
        break;
    case 8: /* MSP */
        if (v7m_using_psp(env)) {
            env->v7m.other_sp = val;
        } else {
            env->regs[13] = val;
        }
        break;
    case 9: /* PSP */
        if (v7m_using_psp(env)) {
            env->regs[13] = val;
        } else {
            env->v7m.other_sp = val;
        }
        break;
    case 10: /* MSPLIM */
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            goto bad_reg;
        }
        env->v7m.msplim[env->v7m.secure] = val & ~7;
        break;
    case 11: /* PSPLIM */
        if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8)) {
            goto bad_reg;
        }
        env->v7m.psplim[env->v7m.secure] = val & ~7;
        break;
    case 16: /* PRIMASK */
        env->v7m.primask[env->v7m.secure] = val & 1;
        break;
    case 17: /* BASEPRI */
        env->v7m.basepri[env->v7m.secure] = val & 0xff;
        break;
    case 18: /* BASEPRI_MAX */
        val &= 0xff;
        if (val != 0 && (val < env->v7m.basepri[env->v7m.secure]
                         || env->v7m.basepri[env->v7m.secure] == 0)) {
            env->v7m.basepri[env->v7m.secure] = val;
        }
        break;
    case 19: /* FAULTMASK */
        env->v7m.faultmask[env->v7m.secure] = val & 1;
        break;
    case 20: /* CONTROL */
        /* Writing to the SPSEL bit only has an effect if we are in
         * thread mode; other bits can be updated by any privileged code.
         * write_v7m_control_spsel() deals with updating the SPSEL bit in
         * env->v7m.control, so we only need update the others.
         * For v7M, we must just ignore explicit writes to SPSEL in handler
         * mode; for v8M the write is permitted but will have no effect.
         */
        if (arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V8) ||
            !arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env)) {
            write_v7m_control_spsel(env, (val & R_V7M_CONTROL_SPSEL_MASK) != 0);
        }
        env->v7m.control[env->v7m.secure] &= ~R_V7M_CONTROL_NPRIV_MASK;
        env->v7m.control[env->v7m.secure] |= val & R_V7M_CONTROL_NPRIV_MASK;
        break;
    default:
    bad_reg:
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Attempt to write unknown special"
                                       " register %d\n", reg);
        return;
    }
}

uint32_t HELPER(v7m_tt)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t addr, uint32_t op)
{
    /* Implement the TT instruction. op is bits [7:6] of the insn. */
    bool forceunpriv = op & 1;
    bool alt = op & 2;
    V8M_SAttributes sattrs = {};
    uint32_t tt_resp;
    bool r, rw, nsr, nsrw, mrvalid;
    int prot;
    ARMMMUFaultInfo fi = {};
    MemTxAttrs attrs = {};
    hwaddr phys_addr;
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx;
    uint32_t mregion;
    bool targetpriv;
    bool targetsec = env->v7m.secure;
    bool is_subpage;

    /* Work out what the security state and privilege level we're
     * interested in is...
     */
    if (alt) {
        targetsec = !targetsec;
    }

    if (forceunpriv) {
        targetpriv = false;
    } else {
        targetpriv = arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env) ||
            !(env->v7m.control[targetsec] & R_V7M_CONTROL_NPRIV_MASK);
    }

    /* ...and then figure out which MMU index this is */
    mmu_idx = arm_v7m_mmu_idx_for_secstate_and_priv(env, targetsec, targetpriv);

    /* We know that the MPU and SAU don't care about the access type
     * for our purposes beyond that we don't want to claim to be
     * an insn fetch, so we arbitrarily call this a read.
     */

    /* MPU region info only available for privileged or if
     * inspecting the other MPU state.
     */
    if (arm_current_el(env) != 0 || alt) {
        /* We can ignore the return value as prot is always set */
        pmsav8_mpu_lookup(env, addr, MMU_DATA_LOAD, mmu_idx,
                          &phys_addr, &attrs, &prot, &is_subpage,
                          &fi, &mregion);
        if (mregion == -1) {
            mrvalid = false;
            mregion = 0;
        } else {
            mrvalid = true;
        }
        r = prot & PAGE_READ;
        rw = prot & PAGE_WRITE;
    } else {
        r = false;
        rw = false;
        mrvalid = false;
        mregion = 0;
    }

    if (env->v7m.secure) {
        v8m_security_lookup(env, addr, MMU_DATA_LOAD, mmu_idx, &sattrs);
        nsr = sattrs.ns && r;
        nsrw = sattrs.ns && rw;
    } else {
        sattrs.ns = true;
        nsr = false;
        nsrw = false;
    }

    tt_resp = (sattrs.iregion << 24) |
        (sattrs.irvalid << 23) |
        ((!sattrs.ns) << 22) |
        (nsrw << 21) |
        (nsr << 20) |
        (rw << 19) |
        (r << 18) |
        (sattrs.srvalid << 17) |
        (mrvalid << 16) |
        (sattrs.sregion << 8) |
        mregion;

    return tt_resp;
}

#endif

void HELPER(dc_zva)(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t vaddr_in)
{
    /* Implement DC ZVA, which zeroes a fixed-length block of memory.
     * Note that we do not implement the (architecturally mandated)
     * alignment fault for attempts to use this on Device memory
     * (which matches the usual QEMU behaviour of not implementing either
     * alignment faults or any memory attribute handling).
     */

    ARMCPU *cpu = arm_env_get_cpu(env);
    uint64_t blocklen = 4 << cpu->dcz_blocksize;
    uint64_t vaddr = vaddr_in & ~(blocklen - 1);

#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
    {
        /* Slightly awkwardly, QEMU's TARGET_PAGE_SIZE may be less than
         * the block size so we might have to do more than one TLB lookup.
         * We know that in fact for any v8 CPU the page size is at least 4K
         * and the block size must be 2K or less, but TARGET_PAGE_SIZE is only
         * 1K as an artefact of legacy v5 subpage support being present in the
         * same QEMU executable.
         */
        int maxidx = DIV_ROUND_UP(blocklen, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
        void *hostaddr[maxidx];
        int try, i;
        unsigned mmu_idx = cpu_mmu_index(env, false);
        TCGMemOpIdx oi = make_memop_idx(MO_UB, mmu_idx);

        for (try = 0; try < 2; try++) {

            for (i = 0; i < maxidx; i++) {
                hostaddr[i] = tlb_vaddr_to_host(env,
                                                vaddr + TARGET_PAGE_SIZE * i,
                                                1, mmu_idx);
                if (!hostaddr[i]) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (i == maxidx) {
                /* If it's all in the TLB it's fair game for just writing to;
                 * we know we don't need to update dirty status, etc.
                 */
                for (i = 0; i < maxidx - 1; i++) {
                    memset(hostaddr[i], 0, TARGET_PAGE_SIZE);
                }
                memset(hostaddr[i], 0, blocklen - (i * TARGET_PAGE_SIZE));
                return;
            }
            /* OK, try a store and see if we can populate the tlb. This
             * might cause an exception if the memory isn't writable,
             * in which case we will longjmp out of here. We must for
             * this purpose use the actual register value passed to us
             * so that we get the fault address right.
             */
            helper_ret_stb_mmu(env, vaddr_in, 0, oi, GETPC());
            /* Now we can populate the other TLB entries, if any */
            for (i = 0; i < maxidx; i++) {
                uint64_t va = vaddr + TARGET_PAGE_SIZE * i;
                if (va != (vaddr_in & TARGET_PAGE_MASK)) {
                    helper_ret_stb_mmu(env, va, 0, oi, GETPC());
                }
            }
        }

        /* Slow path (probably attempt to do this to an I/O device or
         * similar, or clearing of a block of code we have translations
         * cached for). Just do a series of byte writes as the architecture
         * demands. It's not worth trying to use a cpu_physical_memory_map(),
         * memset(), unmap() sequence here because:
         *  + we'd need to account for the blocksize being larger than a page
         *  + the direct-RAM access case is almost always going to be dealt
         *    with in the fastpath code above, so there's no speed benefit
         *  + we would have to deal with the map returning NULL because the
         *    bounce buffer was in use
         */
        for (i = 0; i < blocklen; i++) {
            helper_ret_stb_mmu(env, vaddr + i, 0, oi, GETPC());
        }
    }
#else
    memset(g2h(vaddr), 0, blocklen);
#endif
}

/* Note that signed overflow is undefined in C.  The following routines are
   careful to use unsigned types where modulo arithmetic is required.
   Failure to do so _will_ break on newer gcc.  */

/* Signed saturating arithmetic.  */

/* Perform 16-bit signed saturating addition.  */
static inline uint16_t add16_sat(uint16_t a, uint16_t b)
{
    uint16_t res;

    res = a + b;
    if (((res ^ a) & 0x8000) && !((a ^ b) & 0x8000)) {
        if (a & 0x8000)
            res = 0x8000;
        else
            res = 0x7fff;
    }
    return res;
}

/* Perform 8-bit signed saturating addition.  */
static inline uint8_t add8_sat(uint8_t a, uint8_t b)
{
    uint8_t res;

    res = a + b;
    if (((res ^ a) & 0x80) && !((a ^ b) & 0x80)) {
        if (a & 0x80)
            res = 0x80;
        else
            res = 0x7f;
    }
    return res;
}

/* Perform 16-bit signed saturating subtraction.  */
static inline uint16_t sub16_sat(uint16_t a, uint16_t b)
{
    uint16_t res;

    res = a - b;
    if (((res ^ a) & 0x8000) && ((a ^ b) & 0x8000)) {
        if (a & 0x8000)
            res = 0x8000;
        else
            res = 0x7fff;
    }
    return res;
}

/* Perform 8-bit signed saturating subtraction.  */
static inline uint8_t sub8_sat(uint8_t a, uint8_t b)
{
    uint8_t res;

    res = a - b;
    if (((res ^ a) & 0x80) && ((a ^ b) & 0x80)) {
        if (a & 0x80)
            res = 0x80;
        else
            res = 0x7f;
    }
    return res;
}

#define ADD16(a, b, n) RESULT(add16_sat(a, b), n, 16);
#define SUB16(a, b, n) RESULT(sub16_sat(a, b), n, 16);
#define ADD8(a, b, n)  RESULT(add8_sat(a, b), n, 8);
#define SUB8(a, b, n)  RESULT(sub8_sat(a, b), n, 8);
#define PFX q

#include "op_addsub.h"

/* Unsigned saturating arithmetic.  */
static inline uint16_t add16_usat(uint16_t a, uint16_t b)
{
    uint16_t res;
    res = a + b;
    if (res < a)
        res = 0xffff;
    return res;
}

static inline uint16_t sub16_usat(uint16_t a, uint16_t b)
{
    if (a > b)
        return a - b;
    else
        return 0;
}

static inline uint8_t add8_usat(uint8_t a, uint8_t b)
{
    uint8_t res;
    res = a + b;
    if (res < a)
        res = 0xff;
    return res;
}

static inline uint8_t sub8_usat(uint8_t a, uint8_t b)
{
    if (a > b)
        return a - b;
    else
        return 0;
}

#define ADD16(a, b, n) RESULT(add16_usat(a, b), n, 16);
#define SUB16(a, b, n) RESULT(sub16_usat(a, b), n, 16);
#define ADD8(a, b, n)  RESULT(add8_usat(a, b), n, 8);
#define SUB8(a, b, n)  RESULT(sub8_usat(a, b), n, 8);
#define PFX uq

#include "op_addsub.h"

/* Signed modulo arithmetic.  */
#define SARITH16(a, b, n, op) do { \
    int32_t sum; \
    sum = (int32_t)(int16_t)(a) op (int32_t)(int16_t)(b); \
    RESULT(sum, n, 16); \
    if (sum >= 0) \
        ge |= 3 << (n * 2); \
    } while(0)

#define SARITH8(a, b, n, op) do { \
    int32_t sum; \
    sum = (int32_t)(int8_t)(a) op (int32_t)(int8_t)(b); \
    RESULT(sum, n, 8); \
    if (sum >= 0) \
        ge |= 1 << n; \
    } while(0)


#define ADD16(a, b, n) SARITH16(a, b, n, +)
#define SUB16(a, b, n) SARITH16(a, b, n, -)
#define ADD8(a, b, n)  SARITH8(a, b, n, +)
#define SUB8(a, b, n)  SARITH8(a, b, n, -)
#define PFX s
#define ARITH_GE

#include "op_addsub.h"

/* Unsigned modulo arithmetic.  */
#define ADD16(a, b, n) do { \
    uint32_t sum; \
    sum = (uint32_t)(uint16_t)(a) + (uint32_t)(uint16_t)(b); \
    RESULT(sum, n, 16); \
    if ((sum >> 16) == 1) \
        ge |= 3 << (n * 2); \
    } while(0)

#define ADD8(a, b, n) do { \
    uint32_t sum; \
    sum = (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(a) + (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(b); \
    RESULT(sum, n, 8); \
    if ((sum >> 8) == 1) \
        ge |= 1 << n; \
    } while(0)

#define SUB16(a, b, n) do { \
    uint32_t sum; \
    sum = (uint32_t)(uint16_t)(a) - (uint32_t)(uint16_t)(b); \
    RESULT(sum, n, 16); \
    if ((sum >> 16) == 0) \
        ge |= 3 << (n * 2); \
    } while(0)

#define SUB8(a, b, n) do { \
    uint32_t sum; \
    sum = (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(a) - (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(b); \
    RESULT(sum, n, 8); \
    if ((sum >> 8) == 0) \
        ge |= 1 << n; \
    } while(0)

#define PFX u
#define ARITH_GE

#include "op_addsub.h"

/* Halved signed arithmetic.  */
#define ADD16(a, b, n) \
  RESULT(((int32_t)(int16_t)(a) + (int32_t)(int16_t)(b)) >> 1, n, 16)
#define SUB16(a, b, n) \
  RESULT(((int32_t)(int16_t)(a) - (int32_t)(int16_t)(b)) >> 1, n, 16)
#define ADD8(a, b, n) \
  RESULT(((int32_t)(int8_t)(a) + (int32_t)(int8_t)(b)) >> 1, n, 8)
#define SUB8(a, b, n) \
  RESULT(((int32_t)(int8_t)(a) - (int32_t)(int8_t)(b)) >> 1, n, 8)
#define PFX sh

#include "op_addsub.h"

/* Halved unsigned arithmetic.  */
#define ADD16(a, b, n) \
  RESULT(((uint32_t)(uint16_t)(a) + (uint32_t)(uint16_t)(b)) >> 1, n, 16)
#define SUB16(a, b, n) \
  RESULT(((uint32_t)(uint16_t)(a) - (uint32_t)(uint16_t)(b)) >> 1, n, 16)
#define ADD8(a, b, n) \
  RESULT(((uint32_t)(uint8_t)(a) + (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(b)) >> 1, n, 8)
#define SUB8(a, b, n) \
  RESULT(((uint32_t)(uint8_t)(a) - (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(b)) >> 1, n, 8)
#define PFX uh

#include "op_addsub.h"

static inline uint8_t do_usad(uint8_t a, uint8_t b)
{
    if (a > b)
        return a - b;
    else
        return b - a;
}

/* Unsigned sum of absolute byte differences.  */
uint32_t HELPER(usad8)(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
{
    uint32_t sum;
    sum = do_usad(a, b);
    sum += do_usad(a >> 8, b >> 8);
    sum += do_usad(a >> 16, b >>16);
    sum += do_usad(a >> 24, b >> 24);
    return sum;
}

/* For ARMv6 SEL instruction.  */
uint32_t HELPER(sel_flags)(uint32_t flags, uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
{
    uint32_t mask;

    mask = 0;
    if (flags & 1)
        mask |= 0xff;
    if (flags & 2)
        mask |= 0xff00;
    if (flags & 4)
        mask |= 0xff0000;
    if (flags & 8)
        mask |= 0xff000000;
    return (a & mask) | (b & ~mask);
}

/* VFP support.  We follow the convention used for VFP instructions:
   Single precision routines have a "s" suffix, double precision a
   "d" suffix.  */

/* Convert host exception flags to vfp form.  */
static inline int vfp_exceptbits_from_host(int host_bits)
{
    int target_bits = 0;

    if (host_bits & float_flag_invalid)
        target_bits |= 1;
    if (host_bits & float_flag_divbyzero)
        target_bits |= 2;
    if (host_bits & float_flag_overflow)
        target_bits |= 4;
    if (host_bits & (float_flag_underflow | float_flag_output_denormal))
        target_bits |= 8;
    if (host_bits & float_flag_inexact)
        target_bits |= 0x10;
    if (host_bits & float_flag_input_denormal)
        target_bits |= 0x80;
    return target_bits;
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_get_fpscr)(CPUARMState *env)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t fpscr;

    fpscr = (env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR] & 0xffc8ffff)
            | (env->vfp.vec_len << 16)
            | (env->vfp.vec_stride << 20);
    i = get_float_exception_flags(&env->vfp.fp_status);
    i |= get_float_exception_flags(&env->vfp.standard_fp_status);
    i |= get_float_exception_flags(&env->vfp.fp_status_f16);
    fpscr |= vfp_exceptbits_from_host(i);
    return fpscr;
}

uint32_t vfp_get_fpscr(CPUARMState *env)
{
    return HELPER(vfp_get_fpscr)(env);
}

/* Convert vfp exception flags to target form.  */
static inline int vfp_exceptbits_to_host(int target_bits)
{
    int host_bits = 0;

    if (target_bits & 1)
        host_bits |= float_flag_invalid;
    if (target_bits & 2)
        host_bits |= float_flag_divbyzero;
    if (target_bits & 4)
        host_bits |= float_flag_overflow;
    if (target_bits & 8)
        host_bits |= float_flag_underflow;
    if (target_bits & 0x10)
        host_bits |= float_flag_inexact;
    if (target_bits & 0x80)
        host_bits |= float_flag_input_denormal;
    return host_bits;
}

void HELPER(vfp_set_fpscr)(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t val)
{
    int i;
    uint32_t changed;

    changed = env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR];
    env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR] = (val & 0xffc8ffff);
    env->vfp.vec_len = (val >> 16) & 7;
    env->vfp.vec_stride = (val >> 20) & 3;

    changed ^= val;
    if (changed & (3 << 22)) {
        i = (val >> 22) & 3;
        switch (i) {
        case FPROUNDING_TIEEVEN:
            i = float_round_nearest_even;
            break;
        case FPROUNDING_POSINF:
            i = float_round_up;
            break;
        case FPROUNDING_NEGINF:
            i = float_round_down;
            break;
        case FPROUNDING_ZERO:
            i = float_round_to_zero;
            break;
        }
        set_float_rounding_mode(i, &env->vfp.fp_status);
        set_float_rounding_mode(i, &env->vfp.fp_status_f16);
    }
    if (changed & FPCR_FZ16) {
        bool ftz_enabled = val & FPCR_FZ16;
        set_flush_to_zero(ftz_enabled, &env->vfp.fp_status_f16);
        set_flush_inputs_to_zero(ftz_enabled, &env->vfp.fp_status_f16);
    }
    if (changed & FPCR_FZ) {
        bool ftz_enabled = val & FPCR_FZ;
        set_flush_to_zero(ftz_enabled, &env->vfp.fp_status);
        set_flush_inputs_to_zero(ftz_enabled, &env->vfp.fp_status);
    }
    if (changed & FPCR_DN) {
        bool dnan_enabled = val & FPCR_DN;
        set_default_nan_mode(dnan_enabled, &env->vfp.fp_status);
        set_default_nan_mode(dnan_enabled, &env->vfp.fp_status_f16);
    }

    /* The exception flags are ORed together when we read fpscr so we
     * only need to preserve the current state in one of our
     * float_status values.
     */
    i = vfp_exceptbits_to_host(val);
    set_float_exception_flags(i, &env->vfp.fp_status);
    set_float_exception_flags(0, &env->vfp.fp_status_f16);
    set_float_exception_flags(0, &env->vfp.standard_fp_status);
}

void vfp_set_fpscr(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t val)
{
    HELPER(vfp_set_fpscr)(env, val);
}

#define VFP_HELPER(name, p) HELPER(glue(glue(vfp_,name),p))

#define VFP_BINOP(name) \
float32 VFP_HELPER(name, s)(float32 a, float32 b, void *fpstp) \
{ \
    float_status *fpst = fpstp; \
    return float32_ ## name(a, b, fpst); \
} \
float64 VFP_HELPER(name, d)(float64 a, float64 b, void *fpstp) \
{ \
    float_status *fpst = fpstp; \
    return float64_ ## name(a, b, fpst); \
}
VFP_BINOP(add)
VFP_BINOP(sub)
VFP_BINOP(mul)
VFP_BINOP(div)
VFP_BINOP(min)
VFP_BINOP(max)
VFP_BINOP(minnum)
VFP_BINOP(maxnum)
#undef VFP_BINOP

float32 VFP_HELPER(neg, s)(float32 a)
{
    return float32_chs(a);
}

float64 VFP_HELPER(neg, d)(float64 a)
{
    return float64_chs(a);
}

float32 VFP_HELPER(abs, s)(float32 a)
{
    return float32_abs(a);
}

float64 VFP_HELPER(abs, d)(float64 a)
{
    return float64_abs(a);
}

float32 VFP_HELPER(sqrt, s)(float32 a, CPUARMState *env)
{
    return float32_sqrt(a, &env->vfp.fp_status);
}

float64 VFP_HELPER(sqrt, d)(float64 a, CPUARMState *env)
{
    return float64_sqrt(a, &env->vfp.fp_status);
}

/* XXX: check quiet/signaling case */
#define DO_VFP_cmp(p, type) \
void VFP_HELPER(cmp, p)(type a, type b, CPUARMState *env)  \
{ \
    uint32_t flags; \
    switch(type ## _compare_quiet(a, b, &env->vfp.fp_status)) { \
    case 0: flags = 0x6; break; \
    case -1: flags = 0x8; break; \
    case 1: flags = 0x2; break; \
    default: case 2: flags = 0x3; break; \
    } \
    env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR] = (flags << 28) \
        | (env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR] & 0x0fffffff); \
} \
void VFP_HELPER(cmpe, p)(type a, type b, CPUARMState *env) \
{ \
    uint32_t flags; \
    switch(type ## _compare(a, b, &env->vfp.fp_status)) { \
    case 0: flags = 0x6; break; \
    case -1: flags = 0x8; break; \
    case 1: flags = 0x2; break; \
    default: case 2: flags = 0x3; break; \
    } \
    env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR] = (flags << 28) \
        | (env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPSCR] & 0x0fffffff); \
}
DO_VFP_cmp(s, float32)
DO_VFP_cmp(d, float64)
#undef DO_VFP_cmp

/* Integer to float and float to integer conversions */

#define CONV_ITOF(name, ftype, fsz, sign)                           \
ftype HELPER(name)(uint32_t x, void *fpstp)                         \
{                                                                   \
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;                                     \
    return sign##int32_to_##float##fsz((sign##int32_t)x, fpst);     \
}

#define CONV_FTOI(name, ftype, fsz, sign, round)                \
uint32_t HELPER(name)(ftype x, void *fpstp)                     \
{                                                               \
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;                                 \
    if (float##fsz##_is_any_nan(x)) {                           \
        float_raise(float_flag_invalid, fpst);                  \
        return 0;                                               \
    }                                                           \
    return float##fsz##_to_##sign##int32##round(x, fpst);       \
}

#define FLOAT_CONVS(name, p, ftype, fsz, sign)            \
    CONV_ITOF(vfp_##name##to##p, ftype, fsz, sign)        \
    CONV_FTOI(vfp_to##name##p, ftype, fsz, sign, )        \
    CONV_FTOI(vfp_to##name##z##p, ftype, fsz, sign, _round_to_zero)

FLOAT_CONVS(si, h, uint32_t, 16, )
FLOAT_CONVS(si, s, float32, 32, )
FLOAT_CONVS(si, d, float64, 64, )
FLOAT_CONVS(ui, h, uint32_t, 16, u)
FLOAT_CONVS(ui, s, float32, 32, u)
FLOAT_CONVS(ui, d, float64, 64, u)

#undef CONV_ITOF
#undef CONV_FTOI
#undef FLOAT_CONVS

/* floating point conversion */
float64 VFP_HELPER(fcvtd, s)(float32 x, CPUARMState *env)
{
    return float32_to_float64(x, &env->vfp.fp_status);
}

float32 VFP_HELPER(fcvts, d)(float64 x, CPUARMState *env)
{
    return float64_to_float32(x, &env->vfp.fp_status);
}

/* VFP3 fixed point conversion.  */
#define VFP_CONV_FIX_FLOAT(name, p, fsz, isz, itype) \
float##fsz HELPER(vfp_##name##to##p)(uint##isz##_t  x, uint32_t shift, \
                                     void *fpstp) \
{ \
    float_status *fpst = fpstp; \
    float##fsz tmp; \
    tmp = itype##_to_##float##fsz(x, fpst); \
    return float##fsz##_scalbn(tmp, -(int)shift, fpst); \
}

/* Notice that we want only input-denormal exception flags from the
 * scalbn operation: the other possible flags (overflow+inexact if
 * we overflow to infinity, output-denormal) aren't correct for the
 * complete scale-and-convert operation.
 */
#define VFP_CONV_FLOAT_FIX_ROUND(name, p, fsz, isz, itype, round) \
uint##isz##_t HELPER(vfp_to##name##p##round)(float##fsz x, \
                                             uint32_t shift, \
                                             void *fpstp) \
{ \
    float_status *fpst = fpstp; \
    int old_exc_flags = get_float_exception_flags(fpst); \
    float##fsz tmp; \
    if (float##fsz##_is_any_nan(x)) { \
        float_raise(float_flag_invalid, fpst); \
        return 0; \
    } \
    tmp = float##fsz##_scalbn(x, shift, fpst); \
    old_exc_flags |= get_float_exception_flags(fpst) \
        & float_flag_input_denormal; \
    set_float_exception_flags(old_exc_flags, fpst); \
    return float##fsz##_to_##itype##round(tmp, fpst); \
}

#define VFP_CONV_FIX(name, p, fsz, isz, itype)                   \
VFP_CONV_FIX_FLOAT(name, p, fsz, isz, itype)                     \
VFP_CONV_FLOAT_FIX_ROUND(name, p, fsz, isz, itype, _round_to_zero) \
VFP_CONV_FLOAT_FIX_ROUND(name, p, fsz, isz, itype, )

#define VFP_CONV_FIX_A64(name, p, fsz, isz, itype)               \
VFP_CONV_FIX_FLOAT(name, p, fsz, isz, itype)                     \
VFP_CONV_FLOAT_FIX_ROUND(name, p, fsz, isz, itype, )

VFP_CONV_FIX(sh, d, 64, 64, int16)
VFP_CONV_FIX(sl, d, 64, 64, int32)
VFP_CONV_FIX_A64(sq, d, 64, 64, int64)
VFP_CONV_FIX(uh, d, 64, 64, uint16)
VFP_CONV_FIX(ul, d, 64, 64, uint32)
VFP_CONV_FIX_A64(uq, d, 64, 64, uint64)
VFP_CONV_FIX(sh, s, 32, 32, int16)
VFP_CONV_FIX(sl, s, 32, 32, int32)
VFP_CONV_FIX_A64(sq, s, 32, 64, int64)
VFP_CONV_FIX(uh, s, 32, 32, uint16)
VFP_CONV_FIX(ul, s, 32, 32, uint32)
VFP_CONV_FIX_A64(uq, s, 32, 64, uint64)

#undef VFP_CONV_FIX
#undef VFP_CONV_FIX_FLOAT
#undef VFP_CONV_FLOAT_FIX_ROUND
#undef VFP_CONV_FIX_A64

/* Conversion to/from f16 can overflow to infinity before/after scaling.
 * Therefore we convert to f64, scale, and then convert f64 to f16; or
 * vice versa for conversion to integer.
 *
 * For 16- and 32-bit integers, the conversion to f64 never rounds.
 * For 64-bit integers, any integer that would cause rounding will also
 * overflow to f16 infinity, so there is no double rounding problem.
 */

static float16 do_postscale_fp16(float64 f, int shift, float_status *fpst)
{
    return float64_to_float16(float64_scalbn(f, -shift, fpst), true, fpst);
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_sltoh)(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return do_postscale_fp16(int32_to_float64(x, fpst), shift, fpst);
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_ultoh)(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return do_postscale_fp16(uint32_to_float64(x, fpst), shift, fpst);
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_sqtoh)(uint64_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return do_postscale_fp16(int64_to_float64(x, fpst), shift, fpst);
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_uqtoh)(uint64_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return do_postscale_fp16(uint64_to_float64(x, fpst), shift, fpst);
}

static float64 do_prescale_fp16(float16 f, int shift, float_status *fpst)
{
    if (unlikely(float16_is_any_nan(f))) {
        float_raise(float_flag_invalid, fpst);
        return 0;
    } else {
        int old_exc_flags = get_float_exception_flags(fpst);
        float64 ret;

        ret = float16_to_float64(f, true, fpst);
        ret = float64_scalbn(ret, shift, fpst);
        old_exc_flags |= get_float_exception_flags(fpst)
            & float_flag_input_denormal;
        set_float_exception_flags(old_exc_flags, fpst);

        return ret;
    }
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_toshh)(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return float64_to_int16(do_prescale_fp16(x, shift, fpst), fpst);
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_touhh)(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return float64_to_uint16(do_prescale_fp16(x, shift, fpst), fpst);
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_toslh)(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return float64_to_int32(do_prescale_fp16(x, shift, fpst), fpst);
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_toulh)(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return float64_to_uint32(do_prescale_fp16(x, shift, fpst), fpst);
}

uint64_t HELPER(vfp_tosqh)(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return float64_to_int64(do_prescale_fp16(x, shift, fpst), fpst);
}

uint64_t HELPER(vfp_touqh)(uint32_t x, uint32_t shift, void *fpst)
{
    return float64_to_uint64(do_prescale_fp16(x, shift, fpst), fpst);
}

/* Set the current fp rounding mode and return the old one.
 * The argument is a softfloat float_round_ value.
 */
uint32_t HELPER(set_rmode)(uint32_t rmode, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *fp_status = fpstp;

    uint32_t prev_rmode = get_float_rounding_mode(fp_status);
    set_float_rounding_mode(rmode, fp_status);

    return prev_rmode;
}

/* Set the current fp rounding mode in the standard fp status and return
 * the old one. This is for NEON instructions that need to change the
 * rounding mode but wish to use the standard FPSCR values for everything
 * else. Always set the rounding mode back to the correct value after
 * modifying it.
 * The argument is a softfloat float_round_ value.
 */
uint32_t HELPER(set_neon_rmode)(uint32_t rmode, CPUARMState *env)
{
    float_status *fp_status = &env->vfp.standard_fp_status;

    uint32_t prev_rmode = get_float_rounding_mode(fp_status);
    set_float_rounding_mode(rmode, fp_status);

    return prev_rmode;
}

/* Half precision conversions.  */
float32 HELPER(vfp_fcvt_f16_to_f32)(uint32_t a, void *fpstp, uint32_t ahp_mode)
{
    /* Squash FZ16 to 0 for the duration of conversion.  In this case,
     * it would affect flushing input denormals.
     */
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    flag save = get_flush_inputs_to_zero(fpst);
    set_flush_inputs_to_zero(false, fpst);
    float32 r = float16_to_float32(a, !ahp_mode, fpst);
    set_flush_inputs_to_zero(save, fpst);
    return r;
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_fcvt_f32_to_f16)(float32 a, void *fpstp, uint32_t ahp_mode)
{
    /* Squash FZ16 to 0 for the duration of conversion.  In this case,
     * it would affect flushing output denormals.
     */
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    flag save = get_flush_to_zero(fpst);
    set_flush_to_zero(false, fpst);
    float16 r = float32_to_float16(a, !ahp_mode, fpst);
    set_flush_to_zero(save, fpst);
    return r;
}

float64 HELPER(vfp_fcvt_f16_to_f64)(uint32_t a, void *fpstp, uint32_t ahp_mode)
{
    /* Squash FZ16 to 0 for the duration of conversion.  In this case,
     * it would affect flushing input denormals.
     */
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    flag save = get_flush_inputs_to_zero(fpst);
    set_flush_inputs_to_zero(false, fpst);
    float64 r = float16_to_float64(a, !ahp_mode, fpst);
    set_flush_inputs_to_zero(save, fpst);
    return r;
}

uint32_t HELPER(vfp_fcvt_f64_to_f16)(float64 a, void *fpstp, uint32_t ahp_mode)
{
    /* Squash FZ16 to 0 for the duration of conversion.  In this case,
     * it would affect flushing output denormals.
     */
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    flag save = get_flush_to_zero(fpst);
    set_flush_to_zero(false, fpst);
    float16 r = float64_to_float16(a, !ahp_mode, fpst);
    set_flush_to_zero(save, fpst);
    return r;
}

#define float32_two make_float32(0x40000000)
#define float32_three make_float32(0x40400000)
#define float32_one_point_five make_float32(0x3fc00000)

float32 HELPER(recps_f32)(float32 a, float32 b, CPUARMState *env)
{
    float_status *s = &env->vfp.standard_fp_status;
    if ((float32_is_infinity(a) && float32_is_zero_or_denormal(b)) ||
        (float32_is_infinity(b) && float32_is_zero_or_denormal(a))) {
        if (!(float32_is_zero(a) || float32_is_zero(b))) {
            float_raise(float_flag_input_denormal, s);
        }
        return float32_two;
    }
    return float32_sub(float32_two, float32_mul(a, b, s), s);
}

float32 HELPER(rsqrts_f32)(float32 a, float32 b, CPUARMState *env)
{
    float_status *s = &env->vfp.standard_fp_status;
    float32 product;
    if ((float32_is_infinity(a) && float32_is_zero_or_denormal(b)) ||
        (float32_is_infinity(b) && float32_is_zero_or_denormal(a))) {
        if (!(float32_is_zero(a) || float32_is_zero(b))) {
            float_raise(float_flag_input_denormal, s);
        }
        return float32_one_point_five;
    }
    product = float32_mul(a, b, s);
    return float32_div(float32_sub(float32_three, product, s), float32_two, s);
}

/* NEON helpers.  */

/* Constants 256 and 512 are used in some helpers; we avoid relying on
 * int->float conversions at run-time.  */
#define float64_256 make_float64(0x4070000000000000LL)
#define float64_512 make_float64(0x4080000000000000LL)
#define float16_maxnorm make_float16(0x7bff)
#define float32_maxnorm make_float32(0x7f7fffff)
#define float64_maxnorm make_float64(0x7fefffffffffffffLL)

/* Reciprocal functions
 *
 * The algorithm that must be used to calculate the estimate
 * is specified by the ARM ARM, see FPRecipEstimate()/RecipEstimate
 */

/* See RecipEstimate()
 *
 * input is a 9 bit fixed point number
 * input range 256 .. 511 for a number from 0.5 <= x < 1.0.
 * result range 256 .. 511 for a number from 1.0 to 511/256.
 */

static int recip_estimate(int input)
{
    int a, b, r;
    assert(256 <= input && input < 512);
    a = (input * 2) + 1;
    b = (1 << 19) / a;
    r = (b + 1) >> 1;
    assert(256 <= r && r < 512);
    return r;
}

/*
 * Common wrapper to call recip_estimate
 *
 * The parameters are exponent and 64 bit fraction (without implicit
 * bit) where the binary point is nominally at bit 52. Returns a
 * float64 which can then be rounded to the appropriate size by the
 * callee.
 */

static uint64_t call_recip_estimate(int *exp, int exp_off, uint64_t frac)
{
    uint32_t scaled, estimate;
    uint64_t result_frac;
    int result_exp;

    /* Handle sub-normals */
    if (*exp == 0) {
        if (extract64(frac, 51, 1) == 0) {
            *exp = -1;
            frac <<= 2;
        } else {
            frac <<= 1;
        }
    }

    /* scaled = UInt('1':fraction<51:44>) */
    scaled = deposit32(1 << 8, 0, 8, extract64(frac, 44, 8));
    estimate = recip_estimate(scaled);

    result_exp = exp_off - *exp;
    result_frac = deposit64(0, 44, 8, estimate);
    if (result_exp == 0) {
        result_frac = deposit64(result_frac >> 1, 51, 1, 1);
    } else if (result_exp == -1) {
        result_frac = deposit64(result_frac >> 2, 50, 2, 1);
        result_exp = 0;
    }

    *exp = result_exp;

    return result_frac;
}

static bool round_to_inf(float_status *fpst, bool sign_bit)
{
    switch (fpst->float_rounding_mode) {
    case float_round_nearest_even: /* Round to Nearest */
        return true;
    case float_round_up: /* Round to +Inf */
        return !sign_bit;
    case float_round_down: /* Round to -Inf */
        return sign_bit;
    case float_round_to_zero: /* Round to Zero */
        return false;
    }

    g_assert_not_reached();
}

uint32_t HELPER(recpe_f16)(uint32_t input, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    float16 f16 = float16_squash_input_denormal(input, fpst);
    uint32_t f16_val = float16_val(f16);
    uint32_t f16_sign = float16_is_neg(f16);
    int f16_exp = extract32(f16_val, 10, 5);
    uint32_t f16_frac = extract32(f16_val, 0, 10);
    uint64_t f64_frac;

    if (float16_is_any_nan(f16)) {
        float16 nan = f16;
        if (float16_is_signaling_nan(f16, fpst)) {
            float_raise(float_flag_invalid, fpst);
            nan = float16_silence_nan(f16, fpst);
        }
        if (fpst->default_nan_mode) {
            nan =  float16_default_nan(fpst);
        }
        return nan;
    } else if (float16_is_infinity(f16)) {
        return float16_set_sign(float16_zero, float16_is_neg(f16));
    } else if (float16_is_zero(f16)) {
        float_raise(float_flag_divbyzero, fpst);
        return float16_set_sign(float16_infinity, float16_is_neg(f16));
    } else if (float16_abs(f16) < (1 << 8)) {
        /* Abs(value) < 2.0^-16 */
        float_raise(float_flag_overflow | float_flag_inexact, fpst);
        if (round_to_inf(fpst, f16_sign)) {
            return float16_set_sign(float16_infinity, f16_sign);
        } else {
            return float16_set_sign(float16_maxnorm, f16_sign);
        }
    } else if (f16_exp >= 29 && fpst->flush_to_zero) {
        float_raise(float_flag_underflow, fpst);
        return float16_set_sign(float16_zero, float16_is_neg(f16));
    }

    f64_frac = call_recip_estimate(&f16_exp, 29,
                                   ((uint64_t) f16_frac) << (52 - 10));

    /* result = sign : result_exp<4:0> : fraction<51:42> */
    f16_val = deposit32(0, 15, 1, f16_sign);
    f16_val = deposit32(f16_val, 10, 5, f16_exp);
    f16_val = deposit32(f16_val, 0, 10, extract64(f64_frac, 52 - 10, 10));
    return make_float16(f16_val);
}

float32 HELPER(recpe_f32)(float32 input, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    float32 f32 = float32_squash_input_denormal(input, fpst);
    uint32_t f32_val = float32_val(f32);
    bool f32_sign = float32_is_neg(f32);
    int f32_exp = extract32(f32_val, 23, 8);
    uint32_t f32_frac = extract32(f32_val, 0, 23);
    uint64_t f64_frac;

    if (float32_is_any_nan(f32)) {
        float32 nan = f32;
        if (float32_is_signaling_nan(f32, fpst)) {
            float_raise(float_flag_invalid, fpst);
            nan = float32_silence_nan(f32, fpst);
        }
        if (fpst->default_nan_mode) {
            nan =  float32_default_nan(fpst);
        }
        return nan;
    } else if (float32_is_infinity(f32)) {
        return float32_set_sign(float32_zero, float32_is_neg(f32));
    } else if (float32_is_zero(f32)) {
        float_raise(float_flag_divbyzero, fpst);
        return float32_set_sign(float32_infinity, float32_is_neg(f32));
    } else if (float32_abs(f32) < (1ULL << 21)) {
        /* Abs(value) < 2.0^-128 */
        float_raise(float_flag_overflow | float_flag_inexact, fpst);
        if (round_to_inf(fpst, f32_sign)) {
            return float32_set_sign(float32_infinity, f32_sign);
        } else {
            return float32_set_sign(float32_maxnorm, f32_sign);
        }
    } else if (f32_exp >= 253 && fpst->flush_to_zero) {
        float_raise(float_flag_underflow, fpst);
        return float32_set_sign(float32_zero, float32_is_neg(f32));
    }

    f64_frac = call_recip_estimate(&f32_exp, 253,
                                   ((uint64_t) f32_frac) << (52 - 23));

    /* result = sign : result_exp<7:0> : fraction<51:29> */
    f32_val = deposit32(0, 31, 1, f32_sign);
    f32_val = deposit32(f32_val, 23, 8, f32_exp);
    f32_val = deposit32(f32_val, 0, 23, extract64(f64_frac, 52 - 23, 23));
    return make_float32(f32_val);
}

float64 HELPER(recpe_f64)(float64 input, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    float64 f64 = float64_squash_input_denormal(input, fpst);
    uint64_t f64_val = float64_val(f64);
    bool f64_sign = float64_is_neg(f64);
    int f64_exp = extract64(f64_val, 52, 11);
    uint64_t f64_frac = extract64(f64_val, 0, 52);

    /* Deal with any special cases */
    if (float64_is_any_nan(f64)) {
        float64 nan = f64;
        if (float64_is_signaling_nan(f64, fpst)) {
            float_raise(float_flag_invalid, fpst);
            nan = float64_silence_nan(f64, fpst);
        }
        if (fpst->default_nan_mode) {
            nan =  float64_default_nan(fpst);
        }
        return nan;
    } else if (float64_is_infinity(f64)) {
        return float64_set_sign(float64_zero, float64_is_neg(f64));
    } else if (float64_is_zero(f64)) {
        float_raise(float_flag_divbyzero, fpst);
        return float64_set_sign(float64_infinity, float64_is_neg(f64));
    } else if ((f64_val & ~(1ULL << 63)) < (1ULL << 50)) {
        /* Abs(value) < 2.0^-1024 */
        float_raise(float_flag_overflow | float_flag_inexact, fpst);
        if (round_to_inf(fpst, f64_sign)) {
            return float64_set_sign(float64_infinity, f64_sign);
        } else {
            return float64_set_sign(float64_maxnorm, f64_sign);
        }
    } else if (f64_exp >= 2045 && fpst->flush_to_zero) {
        float_raise(float_flag_underflow, fpst);
        return float64_set_sign(float64_zero, float64_is_neg(f64));
    }

    f64_frac = call_recip_estimate(&f64_exp, 2045, f64_frac);

    /* result = sign : result_exp<10:0> : fraction<51:0>; */
    f64_val = deposit64(0, 63, 1, f64_sign);
    f64_val = deposit64(f64_val, 52, 11, f64_exp);
    f64_val = deposit64(f64_val, 0, 52, f64_frac);
    return make_float64(f64_val);
}

/* The algorithm that must be used to calculate the estimate
 * is specified by the ARM ARM.
 */

static int do_recip_sqrt_estimate(int a)
{
    int b, estimate;

    assert(128 <= a && a < 512);
    if (a < 256) {
        a = a * 2 + 1;
    } else {
        a = (a >> 1) << 1;
        a = (a + 1) * 2;
    }
    b = 512;
    while (a * (b + 1) * (b + 1) < (1 << 28)) {
        b += 1;
    }
    estimate = (b + 1) / 2;
    assert(256 <= estimate && estimate < 512);

    return estimate;
}


static uint64_t recip_sqrt_estimate(int *exp , int exp_off, uint64_t frac)
{
    int estimate;
    uint32_t scaled;

    if (*exp == 0) {
        while (extract64(frac, 51, 1) == 0) {
            frac = frac << 1;
            *exp -= 1;
        }
        frac = extract64(frac, 0, 51) << 1;
    }

    if (*exp & 1) {
        /* scaled = UInt('01':fraction<51:45>) */
        scaled = deposit32(1 << 7, 0, 7, extract64(frac, 45, 7));
    } else {
        /* scaled = UInt('1':fraction<51:44>) */
        scaled = deposit32(1 << 8, 0, 8, extract64(frac, 44, 8));
    }
    estimate = do_recip_sqrt_estimate(scaled);

    *exp = (exp_off - *exp) / 2;
    return extract64(estimate, 0, 8) << 44;
}

uint32_t HELPER(rsqrte_f16)(uint32_t input, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *s = fpstp;
    float16 f16 = float16_squash_input_denormal(input, s);
    uint16_t val = float16_val(f16);
    bool f16_sign = float16_is_neg(f16);
    int f16_exp = extract32(val, 10, 5);
    uint16_t f16_frac = extract32(val, 0, 10);
    uint64_t f64_frac;

    if (float16_is_any_nan(f16)) {
        float16 nan = f16;
        if (float16_is_signaling_nan(f16, s)) {
            float_raise(float_flag_invalid, s);
            nan = float16_silence_nan(f16, s);
        }
        if (s->default_nan_mode) {
            nan =  float16_default_nan(s);
        }
        return nan;
    } else if (float16_is_zero(f16)) {
        float_raise(float_flag_divbyzero, s);
        return float16_set_sign(float16_infinity, f16_sign);
    } else if (f16_sign) {
        float_raise(float_flag_invalid, s);
        return float16_default_nan(s);
    } else if (float16_is_infinity(f16)) {
        return float16_zero;
    }

    /* Scale and normalize to a double-precision value between 0.25 and 1.0,
     * preserving the parity of the exponent.  */

    f64_frac = ((uint64_t) f16_frac) << (52 - 10);

    f64_frac = recip_sqrt_estimate(&f16_exp, 44, f64_frac);

    /* result = sign : result_exp<4:0> : estimate<7:0> : Zeros(2) */
    val = deposit32(0, 15, 1, f16_sign);
    val = deposit32(val, 10, 5, f16_exp);
    val = deposit32(val, 2, 8, extract64(f64_frac, 52 - 8, 8));
    return make_float16(val);
}

float32 HELPER(rsqrte_f32)(float32 input, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *s = fpstp;
    float32 f32 = float32_squash_input_denormal(input, s);
    uint32_t val = float32_val(f32);
    uint32_t f32_sign = float32_is_neg(f32);
    int f32_exp = extract32(val, 23, 8);
    uint32_t f32_frac = extract32(val, 0, 23);
    uint64_t f64_frac;

    if (float32_is_any_nan(f32)) {
        float32 nan = f32;
        if (float32_is_signaling_nan(f32, s)) {
            float_raise(float_flag_invalid, s);
            nan = float32_silence_nan(f32, s);
        }
        if (s->default_nan_mode) {
            nan =  float32_default_nan(s);
        }
        return nan;
    } else if (float32_is_zero(f32)) {
        float_raise(float_flag_divbyzero, s);
        return float32_set_sign(float32_infinity, float32_is_neg(f32));
    } else if (float32_is_neg(f32)) {
        float_raise(float_flag_invalid, s);
        return float32_default_nan(s);
    } else if (float32_is_infinity(f32)) {
        return float32_zero;
    }

    /* Scale and normalize to a double-precision value between 0.25 and 1.0,
     * preserving the parity of the exponent.  */

    f64_frac = ((uint64_t) f32_frac) << 29;

    f64_frac = recip_sqrt_estimate(&f32_exp, 380, f64_frac);

    /* result = sign : result_exp<4:0> : estimate<7:0> : Zeros(15) */
    val = deposit32(0, 31, 1, f32_sign);
    val = deposit32(val, 23, 8, f32_exp);
    val = deposit32(val, 15, 8, extract64(f64_frac, 52 - 8, 8));
    return make_float32(val);
}

float64 HELPER(rsqrte_f64)(float64 input, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *s = fpstp;
    float64 f64 = float64_squash_input_denormal(input, s);
    uint64_t val = float64_val(f64);
    bool f64_sign = float64_is_neg(f64);
    int f64_exp = extract64(val, 52, 11);
    uint64_t f64_frac = extract64(val, 0, 52);

    if (float64_is_any_nan(f64)) {
        float64 nan = f64;
        if (float64_is_signaling_nan(f64, s)) {
            float_raise(float_flag_invalid, s);
            nan = float64_silence_nan(f64, s);
        }
        if (s->default_nan_mode) {
            nan =  float64_default_nan(s);
        }
        return nan;
    } else if (float64_is_zero(f64)) {
        float_raise(float_flag_divbyzero, s);
        return float64_set_sign(float64_infinity, float64_is_neg(f64));
    } else if (float64_is_neg(f64)) {
        float_raise(float_flag_invalid, s);
        return float64_default_nan(s);
    } else if (float64_is_infinity(f64)) {
        return float64_zero;
    }

    f64_frac = recip_sqrt_estimate(&f64_exp, 3068, f64_frac);

    /* result = sign : result_exp<4:0> : estimate<7:0> : Zeros(44) */
    val = deposit64(0, 61, 1, f64_sign);
    val = deposit64(val, 52, 11, f64_exp);
    val = deposit64(val, 44, 8, extract64(f64_frac, 52 - 8, 8));
    return make_float64(val);
}

uint32_t HELPER(recpe_u32)(uint32_t a, void *fpstp)
{
    /* float_status *s = fpstp; */
    int input, estimate;

    if ((a & 0x80000000) == 0) {
        return 0xffffffff;
    }

    input = extract32(a, 23, 9);
    estimate = recip_estimate(input);

    return deposit32(0, (32 - 9), 9, estimate);
}

uint32_t HELPER(rsqrte_u32)(uint32_t a, void *fpstp)
{
    int estimate;

    if ((a & 0xc0000000) == 0) {
        return 0xffffffff;
    }

    estimate = do_recip_sqrt_estimate(extract32(a, 23, 9));

    return deposit32(0, 23, 9, estimate);
}

/* VFPv4 fused multiply-accumulate */
float32 VFP_HELPER(muladd, s)(float32 a, float32 b, float32 c, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    return float32_muladd(a, b, c, 0, fpst);
}

float64 VFP_HELPER(muladd, d)(float64 a, float64 b, float64 c, void *fpstp)
{
    float_status *fpst = fpstp;
    return float64_muladd(a, b, c, 0, fpst);
}

/* ARMv8 round to integral */
float32 HELPER(rints_exact)(float32 x, void *fp_status)
{
    return float32_round_to_int(x, fp_status);
}

float64 HELPER(rintd_exact)(float64 x, void *fp_status)
{
    return float64_round_to_int(x, fp_status);
}

float32 HELPER(rints)(float32 x, void *fp_status)
{
    int old_flags = get_float_exception_flags(fp_status), new_flags;
    float32 ret;

    ret = float32_round_to_int(x, fp_status);

    /* Suppress any inexact exceptions the conversion produced */
    if (!(old_flags & float_flag_inexact)) {
        new_flags = get_float_exception_flags(fp_status);
        set_float_exception_flags(new_flags & ~float_flag_inexact, fp_status);
    }

    return ret;
}

float64 HELPER(rintd)(float64 x, void *fp_status)
{
    int old_flags = get_float_exception_flags(fp_status), new_flags;
    float64 ret;

    ret = float64_round_to_int(x, fp_status);

    new_flags = get_float_exception_flags(fp_status);

    /* Suppress any inexact exceptions the conversion produced */
    if (!(old_flags & float_flag_inexact)) {
        new_flags = get_float_exception_flags(fp_status);
        set_float_exception_flags(new_flags & ~float_flag_inexact, fp_status);
    }

    return ret;
}

/* Convert ARM rounding mode to softfloat */
int arm_rmode_to_sf(int rmode)
{
    switch (rmode) {
    case FPROUNDING_TIEAWAY:
        rmode = float_round_ties_away;
        break;
    case FPROUNDING_ODD:
        /* FIXME: add support for TIEAWAY and ODD */
        qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP, "arm: unimplemented rounding mode: %d\n",
                      rmode);
    case FPROUNDING_TIEEVEN:
    default:
        rmode = float_round_nearest_even;
        break;
    case FPROUNDING_POSINF:
        rmode = float_round_up;
        break;
    case FPROUNDING_NEGINF:
        rmode = float_round_down;
        break;
    case FPROUNDING_ZERO:
        rmode = float_round_to_zero;
        break;
    }
    return rmode;
}

/* CRC helpers.
 * The upper bytes of val (above the number specified by 'bytes') must have
 * been zeroed out by the caller.
 */
uint32_t HELPER(crc32)(uint32_t acc, uint32_t val, uint32_t bytes)
{
    uint8_t buf[4];

    stl_le_p(buf, val);

    /* zlib crc32 converts the accumulator and output to one's complement.  */
    return crc32(acc ^ 0xffffffff, buf, bytes) ^ 0xffffffff;
}

uint32_t HELPER(crc32c)(uint32_t acc, uint32_t val, uint32_t bytes)
{
    uint8_t buf[4];

    stl_le_p(buf, val);

    /* Linux crc32c converts the output to one's complement.  */
    return crc32c(acc, buf, bytes) ^ 0xffffffff;
}

/* Return the exception level to which FP-disabled exceptions should
 * be taken, or 0 if FP is enabled.
 */
static inline int fp_exception_el(CPUARMState *env)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
    int fpen;
    int cur_el = arm_current_el(env);

    /* CPACR and the CPTR registers don't exist before v6, so FP is
     * always accessible
     */
    if (!arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_V6)) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* The CPACR controls traps to EL1, or PL1 if we're 32 bit:
     * 0, 2 : trap EL0 and EL1/PL1 accesses
     * 1    : trap only EL0 accesses
     * 3    : trap no accesses
     */
    fpen = extract32(env->cp15.cpacr_el1, 20, 2);
    switch (fpen) {
    case 0:
    case 2:
        if (cur_el == 0 || cur_el == 1) {
            /* Trap to PL1, which might be EL1 or EL3 */
            if (arm_is_secure(env) && !arm_el_is_aa64(env, 3)) {
                return 3;
            }
            return 1;
        }
        if (cur_el == 3 && !is_a64(env)) {
            /* Secure PL1 running at EL3 */
            return 3;
        }
        break;
    case 1:
        if (cur_el == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
        break;
    case 3:
        break;
    }

    /* For the CPTR registers we don't need to guard with an ARM_FEATURE
     * check because zero bits in the registers mean "don't trap".
     */

    /* CPTR_EL2 : present in v7VE or v8 */
    if (cur_el <= 2 && extract32(env->cp15.cptr_el[2], 10, 1)
        && !arm_is_secure_below_el3(env)) {
        /* Trap FP ops at EL2, NS-EL1 or NS-EL0 to EL2 */
        return 2;
    }

    /* CPTR_EL3 : present in v8 */
    if (extract32(env->cp15.cptr_el[3], 10, 1)) {
        /* Trap all FP ops to EL3 */
        return 3;
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

void cpu_get_tb_cpu_state(CPUARMState *env, target_ulong *pc,
                          target_ulong *cs_base, uint32_t *pflags)
{
    ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx = core_to_arm_mmu_idx(env, cpu_mmu_index(env, false));
    int fp_el = fp_exception_el(env);
    uint32_t flags;

    if (is_a64(env)) {
        int sve_el = sve_exception_el(env);
        uint32_t zcr_len;

        *pc = env->pc;
        flags = ARM_TBFLAG_AARCH64_STATE_MASK;
        /* Get control bits for tagged addresses */
        flags |= (arm_regime_tbi0(env, mmu_idx) << ARM_TBFLAG_TBI0_SHIFT);
        flags |= (arm_regime_tbi1(env, mmu_idx) << ARM_TBFLAG_TBI1_SHIFT);
        flags |= sve_el << ARM_TBFLAG_SVEEXC_EL_SHIFT;

        /* If SVE is disabled, but FP is enabled,
           then the effective len is 0.  */
        if (sve_el != 0 && fp_el == 0) {
            zcr_len = 0;
        } else {
            int current_el = arm_current_el(env);

            zcr_len = env->vfp.zcr_el[current_el <= 1 ? 1 : current_el];
            zcr_len &= 0xf;
            if (current_el < 2 && arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL2)) {
                zcr_len = MIN(zcr_len, 0xf & (uint32_t)env->vfp.zcr_el[2]);
            }
            if (current_el < 3 && arm_feature(env, ARM_FEATURE_EL3)) {
                zcr_len = MIN(zcr_len, 0xf & (uint32_t)env->vfp.zcr_el[3]);
            }
        }
        flags |= zcr_len << ARM_TBFLAG_ZCR_LEN_SHIFT;
    } else {
        *pc = env->regs[15];
        flags = (env->thumb << ARM_TBFLAG_THUMB_SHIFT)
            | (env->vfp.vec_len << ARM_TBFLAG_VECLEN_SHIFT)
            | (env->vfp.vec_stride << ARM_TBFLAG_VECSTRIDE_SHIFT)
            | (env->condexec_bits << ARM_TBFLAG_CONDEXEC_SHIFT)
            | (arm_sctlr_b(env) << ARM_TBFLAG_SCTLR_B_SHIFT);
        if (!(access_secure_reg(env))) {
            flags |= ARM_TBFLAG_NS_MASK;
        }
        if (env->vfp.xregs[ARM_VFP_FPEXC] & (1 << 30)
            || arm_el_is_aa64(env, 1)) {
            flags |= ARM_TBFLAG_VFPEN_MASK;
        }
        flags |= (extract32(env->cp15.c15_cpar, 0, 2)
                  << ARM_TBFLAG_XSCALE_CPAR_SHIFT);
    }

    flags |= (arm_to_core_mmu_idx(mmu_idx) << ARM_TBFLAG_MMUIDX_SHIFT);

    /* The SS_ACTIVE and PSTATE_SS bits correspond to the state machine
     * states defined in the ARM ARM for software singlestep:
     *  SS_ACTIVE   PSTATE.SS   State
     *     0            x       Inactive (the TB flag for SS is always 0)
     *     1            0       Active-pending
     *     1            1       Active-not-pending
     */
    if (arm_singlestep_active(env)) {
        flags |= ARM_TBFLAG_SS_ACTIVE_MASK;
        if (is_a64(env)) {
            if (env->pstate & PSTATE_SS) {
                flags |= ARM_TBFLAG_PSTATE_SS_MASK;
            }
        } else {
            if (env->uncached_cpsr & PSTATE_SS) {
                flags |= ARM_TBFLAG_PSTATE_SS_MASK;
            }
        }
    }
    if (arm_cpu_data_is_big_endian(env)) {
        flags |= ARM_TBFLAG_BE_DATA_MASK;
    }
    flags |= fp_el << ARM_TBFLAG_FPEXC_EL_SHIFT;

    if (arm_v7m_is_handler_mode(env)) {
        flags |= ARM_TBFLAG_HANDLER_MASK;
    }

    *pflags = flags;
    *cs_base = 0;
}