xref: /openbmc/qemu/system/vl.c (revision 9cd909ac)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
44 #include "sysemu/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
46 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
47 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
68 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
69 #include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "qemu/timer.h"
72 #include "chardev/char.h"
73 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
74 #include "qemu/log.h"
75 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
76 #include "hw/block/block.h"
77 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
79 #include "migration/misc.h"
80 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
81 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
82 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
83 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
84 #include "audio/audio.h"
85 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
86 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
87 #include "migration/colo.h"
88 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
89 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
90 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
91 #include "qemu/option.h"
92 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
93 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
94 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
95 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
96 #endif
97 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
98 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
99 #include "tcg/perf.h"
100 #endif
101 
102 #include "disas/disas.h"
103 
104 #include "trace.h"
105 #include "trace/control.h"
106 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
107 #include "qemu/queue.h"
108 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
109 #include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
110 
111 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
112 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
113 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
115 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
116 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
117 #include "crypto/init.h"
118 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
119 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
131 #include "block/qdict.h"
132 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
133 #include "sysemu/iothread.h"
134 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
135 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
136 
137 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
138 
139 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
140     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
141     Location loc;
142     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
143 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
144 
145 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
146 
147 typedef struct ObjectOption {
148     ObjectOptions *opts;
149     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
150 } ObjectOption;
151 
152 typedef struct DeviceOption {
153     QDict *opts;
154     Location loc;
155     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
156 } DeviceOption;
157 
158 static const char *cpu_option;
159 static const char *mem_path;
160 static const char *incoming;
161 static const char *loadvm;
162 static const char *accelerators;
163 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
164 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
165 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
166 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
168 static int display_remote;
169 static int snapshot;
170 static bool preconfig_requested;
171 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
172 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
173 static bool nographic = false;
174 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
175 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
176 static DisplayOptions dpy;
177 static int num_serial_hds;
178 static Chardev **serial_hds;
179 static const char *log_mask;
180 static const char *log_file;
181 static bool list_data_dirs;
182 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
183 static const char *qtest_log;
184 
185 static int has_defaults = 1;
186 static int default_audio = 1;
187 static int default_serial = 1;
188 static int default_parallel = 1;
189 static int default_monitor = 1;
190 static int default_floppy = 1;
191 static int default_cdrom = 1;
192 static int default_sdcard = 1;
193 static int default_vga = 1;
194 static int default_net = 1;
195 
196 static const struct {
197     const char *driver;
198     int *flag;
199 } default_list[] = {
200     { .driver = "xen-console",          .flag = &default_serial    },
201     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
203     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
204     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
206     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
210     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
220 };
221 
222 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
223     .name = "rtc",
224     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
225     .merge_lists = true,
226     .desc = {
227         {
228             .name = "base",
229             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
230         },{
231             .name = "clock",
232             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
233         },{
234             .name = "driftfix",
235             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
236         },
237         { /* end of list */ }
238     },
239 };
240 
241 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
242     .name = "option-rom",
243     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
244     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
245     .desc = {
246         {
247             .name = "bootindex",
248             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
249         }, {
250             .name = "romfile",
251             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
252         },
253         { /* end of list */ }
254     },
255 };
256 
257 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
258     .name = "accel",
259     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
260     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
261     .desc = {
262         /*
263          * no elements => accept any
264          * sanity checking will happen later
265          * when setting accelerator properties
266          */
267         { }
268     },
269 };
270 
271 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
272     .name = "boot-opts",
273     .implied_opt_name = "order",
274     .merge_lists = true,
275     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
276     .desc = {
277         {
278             .name = "order",
279             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
280         }, {
281             .name = "once",
282             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
283         }, {
284             .name = "menu",
285             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
286         }, {
287             .name = "splash",
288             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
289         }, {
290             .name = "splash-time",
291             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
292         }, {
293             .name = "reboot-timeout",
294             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
295         }, {
296             .name = "strict",
297             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
298         },
299         { /*End of list */ }
300     },
301 };
302 
303 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
304     .name = "add-fd",
305     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
306     .desc = {
307         {
308             .name = "fd",
309             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
310             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
311         },{
312             .name = "set",
313             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
314             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
315         },{
316             .name = "opaque",
317             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
318             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
319         },
320         { /* end of list */ }
321     },
322 };
323 
324 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
325     .name = "object",
326     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
327     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
328     .desc = {
329         { }
330     },
331 };
332 
333 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
334     .name = "tpmdev",
335     .implied_opt_name = "type",
336     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
337     .desc = {
338         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
339         { /* end of list */ }
340     },
341 };
342 
343 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
344     .name = "overcommit",
345     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
346     .desc = {
347         {
348             .name = "mem-lock",
349             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
350         },
351         {
352             .name = "cpu-pm",
353             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
354         },
355         { /* end of list */ }
356     },
357 };
358 
359 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
360     .name = "msg",
361     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
362     .desc = {
363         {
364             .name = "timestamp",
365             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
366         },
367         {
368             .name = "guest-name",
369             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
370             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
371                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
372         },
373         { /* end of list */ }
374     },
375 };
376 
377 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
378     .name = "name",
379     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
380     .merge_lists = true,
381     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
382     .desc = {
383         {
384             .name = "guest",
385             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
386             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
387                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
388                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
389         }, {
390             .name = "process",
391             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
392             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
393         }, {
394             .name = "debug-threads",
395             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
396             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
397                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
398                     "stable API.",
399         },
400         { /* End of list */ }
401     },
402 };
403 
404 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
405     .name = "memory",
406     .implied_opt_name = "size",
407     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
408     .merge_lists = true,
409     .desc = {
410         {
411             .name = "size",
412             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
413         },
414         {
415             .name = "slots",
416             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
417         },
418         {
419             .name = "maxmem",
420             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
421         },
422         { /* end of list */ }
423     },
424 };
425 
426 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
427     .name = "icount",
428     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
429     .merge_lists = true,
430     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
431     .desc = {
432         {
433             .name = "shift",
434             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
435         }, {
436             .name = "align",
437             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
438         }, {
439             .name = "sleep",
440             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
441         }, {
442             .name = "rr",
443             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
444         }, {
445             .name = "rrfile",
446             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
447         }, {
448             .name = "rrsnapshot",
449             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
450         },
451         { /* end of list */ }
452     },
453 };
454 
455 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
456     .name = "fw_cfg",
457     .implied_opt_name = "name",
458     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
459     .desc = {
460         {
461             .name = "name",
462             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
463             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
464         }, {
465             .name = "file",
466             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
467             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
468                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
469         }, {
470             .name = "string",
471             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
472             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
473         }, {
474             .name = "gen_id",
475             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
476             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
477                     "to be inserted",
478         },
479         { /* end of list */ }
480     },
481 };
482 
483 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
484     .name = "action",
485     .merge_lists = true,
486     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
487     .desc = {
488         {
489             .name = "shutdown",
490             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
491         },{
492             .name = "reboot",
493             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
494         },{
495             .name = "panic",
496             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
497         },{
498             .name = "watchdog",
499             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
500         },
501         { /* end of list */ }
502     },
503 };
504 
505 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
506 {
507     return qemu_name;
508 }
509 
510 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
511 {
512     int i;
513 
514     if (!driver) {
515         return;
516     }
517 
518     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
519         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
520             continue;
521         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
522     }
523 }
524 
525 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
526 {
527     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
528 
529     default_driver_disable(driver);
530     return 0;
531 }
532 
533 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
534 {
535     DeviceOption *opt;
536 
537     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
538         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
539         default_driver_disable(driver);
540     }
541 }
542 
543 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
544 {
545     const char *proc_name;
546 
547     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
548         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
549     }
550     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
551 
552     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
553     if (proc_name) {
554         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
555     }
556 
557     return 0;
558 }
559 
560 bool defaults_enabled(void)
561 {
562     return has_defaults;
563 }
564 
565 #ifndef _WIN32
566 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
567 {
568     int fd, dupfd, flags;
569     int64_t fdset_id;
570     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
571     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
572 
573     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
574     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
575     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
576 
577     if (fd < 0) {
578         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
579         return -1;
580     }
581 
582     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
583         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
584         return -1;
585     }
586 
587     /*
588      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
589      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
590      */
591     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
592     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
593         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
594         return -1;
595     }
596 
597     if (fdset_id < 0) {
598         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
599         return -1;
600     }
601 
602 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
603     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
604 #else
605     dupfd = dup(fd);
606     if (dupfd != -1) {
607         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
608     }
609 #endif
610     if (dupfd == -1) {
611         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
612         return -1;
613     }
614 
615     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
616     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
617                                   &error_abort);
618     g_free(fdinfo);
619 
620     return 0;
621 }
622 
623 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
624 {
625     int fd;
626 
627     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
628     close(fd);
629 
630     return 0;
631 }
632 #endif
633 
634 /***********************************************************/
635 /* QEMU Block devices */
636 
637 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
638 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
639 #define FD_OPTS ""
640 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
641 #define MTD_OPTS ""
642 #define SD_OPTS ""
643 
644 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
645 {
646     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
647 
648     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
649 }
650 
651 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
652 {
653     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
654         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
655     }
656     return 0;
657 }
658 
659 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
660                           int index, const char *optstr)
661 {
662     QemuOpts *opts;
663     DriveInfo *dinfo;
664 
665     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
666         return;
667     }
668 
669     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
670     if (snapshot) {
671         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
672     }
673 
674     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
675     dinfo->is_default = true;
676 
677 }
678 
679 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
680                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
681 {
682     /*
683      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
684      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
685      * now.
686      */
687     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
688         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
689                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
690     }
691 
692     /* open the virtual block devices */
693     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
694         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
695 
696         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
697         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
698         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
699         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
700         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
701         g_free(bdo);
702     }
703     if (snapshot) {
704         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
705                           NULL, NULL);
706     }
707     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
708                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
709         /* We printed help */
710         exit(0);
711     }
712 
713     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
714                   CDROM_OPTS);
715     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
717 
718 }
719 
720 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
721     .name = "smp-opts",
722     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
723     .merge_lists = true,
724     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
725     .desc = {
726         {
727             .name = "cpus",
728             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
729         }, {
730             .name = "drawers",
731             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
732         }, {
733             .name = "books",
734             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
735         }, {
736             .name = "sockets",
737             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
738         }, {
739             .name = "dies",
740             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
741         }, {
742             .name = "clusters",
743             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
744         }, {
745             .name = "cores",
746             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
747         }, {
748             .name = "threads",
749             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
750         }, {
751             .name = "maxcpus",
752             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
753         },
754         { /*End of list */ }
755     },
756 };
757 
758 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
759 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
760     .name = "run-with",
761     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
762     .desc = {
763 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
764         {
765             .name = "async-teardown",
766             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
767         },
768 #endif
769         {
770             .name = "chroot",
771             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
772         },
773         { /* end of list */ }
774     },
775 };
776 
777 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
778 
779 #else
780 
781 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
782 
783 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
784 
785 static void realtime_init(void)
786 {
787     if (enable_mlock) {
788         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
789             error_report("locking memory failed");
790             exit(1);
791         }
792     }
793 }
794 
795 
796 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
797 {
798     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
799     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
800 }
801 
802 
803 /***********************************************************/
804 /* USB devices */
805 
806 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
807 {
808     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
809 
810     if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
811         return -1;
812     }
813 
814     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
815     if (!dev)
816         return -1;
817 
818     return 0;
819 }
820 
821 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
822 {
823     int r;
824     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
825     if (r < 0) {
826         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
827     }
828     return r;
829 }
830 
831 /***********************************************************/
832 /* machine registration */
833 
834 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
835 {
836     GSList *el;
837 
838     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
839         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
840 
841         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
842             return mc;
843         }
844     }
845 
846     return NULL;
847 }
848 
849 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
850 {
851     GSList *el;
852     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
853 
854     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
855         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
856 
857         if (mc->is_default) {
858             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
859             default_machineclass = mc;
860         }
861     }
862 
863     return default_machineclass;
864 }
865 
866 static void version(void)
867 {
868     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
869            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
870 }
871 
872 static void help(int exitcode)
873 {
874     version();
875     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
876            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
877             g_get_prgname());
878 
879 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
880     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
881         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
882 
883 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
884     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
885         puts(stringify(text));
886 
887 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
888 
889 #include "qemu-options.def"
890 
891     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
892            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
893            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
894            "ctrl-alt-g      toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
895            "\n"
896            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
897            "\n"
898            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
899 
900     exit(exitcode);
901 }
902 
903 enum {
904 
905 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
906     opt_enum,
907 #define DEFHEADING(text)
908 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
909 
910 #include "qemu-options.def"
911 };
912 
913 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
914 
915 typedef struct QEMUOption {
916     const char *name;
917     int flags;
918     int index;
919     uint32_t arch_mask;
920 } QEMUOption;
921 
922 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
923     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
924 
925 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
926     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
927 #define DEFHEADING(text)
928 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
929 
930 #include "qemu-options.def"
931     { /* end of list */ }
932 };
933 
934 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
935     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
936     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
937     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
938      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
939     const char *class_names[2];
940 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
941 
942 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
943     [VGA_NONE] = {
944         .opt_name = "none",
945         .name = "no graphic card",
946     },
947     [VGA_STD] = {
948         .opt_name = "std",
949         .name = "standard VGA",
950         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
951     },
952     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
953         .opt_name = "cirrus",
954         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
955         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
956     },
957     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
958         .opt_name = "vmware",
959         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
960         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
961     },
962     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
963         .opt_name = "virtio",
964         .name = "Virtio VGA",
965         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
966     },
967     [VGA_QXL] = {
968         .opt_name = "qxl",
969         .name = "QXL VGA",
970         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
971     },
972     [VGA_TCX] = {
973         .opt_name = "tcx",
974         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
975         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
976     },
977     [VGA_CG3] = {
978         .opt_name = "cg3",
979         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
980         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
981     },
982 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
983     [VGA_XENFB] = {
984         .opt_name = "xenfb",
985         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
986     },
987 #endif
988 };
989 
990 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
991 {
992     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
993 
994     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
995     return !ti->class_names[0] ||
996            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
997            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
998 }
999 
1000 static const char *
1001 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
1002 {
1003     if (machine_class->default_display) {
1004         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1005             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1006 
1007             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1008                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1009                 return machine_class->default_display;
1010             }
1011         }
1012 
1013         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1014                          machine_class->default_display);
1015         return NULL;
1016     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1017         return "cirrus";
1018     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1019         return "std";
1020     }
1021 
1022     return NULL;
1023 }
1024 
1025 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1026 {
1027     const char *opts;
1028     int t;
1029 
1030     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1031         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1032 
1033         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1034             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1035 
1036             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1037                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1038                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1039                         " (default)" : "");
1040             }
1041         }
1042         exit(0);
1043     }
1044 
1045     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1046     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1047         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1048         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1049             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1050                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1051                 exit(1);
1052             }
1053             vga_interface_type = t;
1054             break;
1055         }
1056     }
1057     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1058     invalid_vga:
1059         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1060         exit(1);
1061     }
1062     while (*opts) {
1063         const char *nextopt;
1064 
1065         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1066             opts = nextopt;
1067             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1068                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1069             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1070                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1071             else goto invalid_vga;
1072         } else goto invalid_vga;
1073         opts = nextopt;
1074     }
1075 }
1076 
1077 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1078 {
1079     DisplayOptions *opts;
1080     Visitor *v;
1081 
1082     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1083 
1084     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1085     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1086 
1087     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1088     visit_free(v);
1089 }
1090 
1091 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1092 {
1093     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1094 }
1095 
1096 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1097 {
1098     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1099         qemu_display_help();
1100         exit(0);
1101     }
1102 
1103 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
1104     const char *opts;
1105 
1106     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1107         /*
1108          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1109          * display access.
1110          */
1111         if (*opts == '=') {
1112             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1113             display_remote++;
1114         } else {
1115             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1116             exit(1);
1117         }
1118         return;
1119     }
1120 #endif
1121 
1122     parse_display_qapi(p);
1123 }
1124 
1125 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1126 {
1127     return str && *str;
1128 }
1129 
1130 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1131 {
1132     gchar *buf;
1133     size_t size;
1134     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1135     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1136 
1137     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1138         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1139         return -1;
1140     }
1141     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1142     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1143     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1144     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1145 
1146     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1147     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1148         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1149         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1150                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1151         return -1;
1152     }
1153     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1154         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1155                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1156         return -1;
1157     }
1158     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1159         /*
1160          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1161          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1162          * so do not emit a warning.
1163          */
1164     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1165         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1166                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1167     }
1168     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1169         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1170         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1171     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1172         if (!fw_cfg_add_from_generator(fw_cfg, name, gen_id, errp)) {
1173             return -1;
1174         }
1175         return 0;
1176     } else {
1177         GError *err = NULL;
1178         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1179             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1180             g_error_free(err);
1181             return -1;
1182         }
1183     }
1184     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1185     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1186     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1187     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1188     return 0;
1189 }
1190 
1191 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1192 {
1193     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1194 }
1195 
1196 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1197 {
1198     DeviceState *dev;
1199 
1200     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1201     if (!dev && *errp) {
1202         error_report_err(*errp);
1203         return -1;
1204     } else if (dev) {
1205         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1206     }
1207     return 0;
1208 }
1209 
1210 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1211 {
1212     Error *local_err = NULL;
1213 
1214     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1215         if (local_err) {
1216             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1217             return -1;
1218         }
1219         exit(0);
1220     }
1221     return 0;
1222 }
1223 
1224 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1225 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1226 {
1227     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1228 }
1229 #endif
1230 
1231 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1232 {
1233     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1234 }
1235 
1236 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1237 {
1238     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1239     QemuOpts *opts;
1240     const char *p;
1241     char label[32];
1242 
1243     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1244         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1245     } else {
1246         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1247                  monitor_device_index);
1248         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1249         if (!opts) {
1250             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1251             exit(1);
1252         }
1253     }
1254 
1255     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1256     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1257     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1258     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1259         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1260     } else {
1261         assert(pretty == false);
1262     }
1263     monitor_device_index++;
1264 }
1265 
1266 struct device_config {
1267     enum {
1268         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1269         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1270         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1271         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1272         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1273         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1274     } type;
1275     const char *cmdline;
1276     Location loc;
1277     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1278 };
1279 
1280 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1281     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1282 
1283 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1284 {
1285     struct device_config *conf;
1286 
1287     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1288     conf->type = type;
1289     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1290     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1291     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1292 }
1293 
1294 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
1295 {
1296     struct device_config *conf;
1297     int rc;
1298 
1299     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1300         if (conf->type != type)
1301             continue;
1302         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1303         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
1304         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1305         if (rc) {
1306             return rc;
1307         }
1308     }
1309     return 0;
1310 }
1311 
1312 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1313 {
1314     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1315 
1316     default_driver_check_json();
1317     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1318                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1319     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1320                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1321 
1322     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1323         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1324         vga_interface_created = true;
1325     }
1326     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1327         default_serial = 0;
1328     }
1329     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1330         default_parallel = 0;
1331     }
1332     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1333         default_floppy = 0;
1334     }
1335     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1336         default_cdrom = 0;
1337     }
1338     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1339         default_sdcard = 0;
1340     }
1341     if (!has_defaults) {
1342         default_audio = 0;
1343         default_monitor = 0;
1344         default_net = 0;
1345         default_vga = 0;
1346     } else {
1347         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1348             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1349             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1350                         machine_class->default_nic);
1351             default_net = 0;
1352         }
1353     }
1354 }
1355 
1356 static void qemu_setup_display(void)
1357 {
1358     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1359         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1360             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1361 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1362             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1363             display_remote++;
1364 #endif
1365         }
1366     }
1367     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1368         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1369     }
1370 
1371     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1372 }
1373 
1374 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1375 {
1376     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1377     const char *vc = qemu_display_get_vc(&dpy);
1378 
1379     if (is_daemonized()) {
1380         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1381          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1382          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1383          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1384          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1385          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1386          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1387          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1388          */
1389         if (nographic
1390             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1391             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1392             exit(1);
1393         }
1394     }
1395 
1396     if (nographic) {
1397         if (default_parallel) {
1398             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1399         }
1400         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1401             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1402         } else {
1403             if (default_serial) {
1404                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1405             }
1406             if (default_monitor) {
1407                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1408             }
1409         }
1410     } else {
1411         if (default_serial) {
1412             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, vc ?: "null");
1413         }
1414         if (default_parallel) {
1415             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, vc ?: "null");
1416         }
1417         if (default_monitor && vc) {
1418             monitor_parse(vc, "readline", false);
1419         }
1420     }
1421 
1422     if (default_net) {
1423         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1424         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1425 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1426         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1427 #endif
1428     }
1429 
1430     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1431     if (default_vga) {
1432         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1433     }
1434     if (vga_model) {
1435         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1436     }
1437 }
1438 
1439 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
1440 {
1441     int index = num_serial_hds;
1442 
1443     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1444 
1445     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0) {
1446         /* Don't allocate a serial device for this index */
1447         serial_hds[index] = NULL;
1448     } else {
1449         char label[32];
1450         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1451 
1452         serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1453         if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1454             error_report("could not connect serial device"
1455                          " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1456             return -1;
1457         }
1458     }
1459     num_serial_hds++;
1460     return 0;
1461 }
1462 
1463 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1464 {
1465     assert(i >= 0);
1466     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1467         return serial_hds[i];
1468     }
1469     return NULL;
1470 }
1471 
1472 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
1473 {
1474     static int index = 0;
1475     char label[32];
1476 
1477     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1478         return 0;
1479     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1480         error_report("too many parallel ports");
1481         exit(1);
1482     }
1483     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1484     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1485     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1486         error_report("could not connect parallel device"
1487                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1488         return -1;
1489     }
1490     index++;
1491     return 0;
1492 }
1493 
1494 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
1495 {
1496     QemuOpts *opts;
1497 
1498     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1499         error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1500         exit(1);
1501     }
1502     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1503     if (!opts) {
1504         error_report("already have a debugcon device");
1505         exit(1);
1506     }
1507     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1508     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1509     return 0;
1510 }
1511 
1512 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1513 {
1514     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1515     int res;
1516 
1517     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1518         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1519             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1520              * in increasing order.
1521              */
1522             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1523                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1524         }
1525 
1526         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1527         return 1;
1528     }
1529 
1530     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1531         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1532         return -1;
1533     }
1534 
1535     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1536     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1537     if (res != 0) {
1538         return res;
1539     }
1540 
1541     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1542     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1543                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1544 }
1545 
1546 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1547 {
1548     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = NULL;
1549     GSList *el;
1550     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1551 
1552     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1553     if (type) {
1554         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1555         if (machine_class) {
1556             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1557             return;
1558         }
1559     }
1560 
1561     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1562     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1563     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1564         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1565         if (mc->alias) {
1566             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1567         }
1568         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1569                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1570                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1571     }
1572 }
1573 
1574 static void
1575 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1576 {
1577     QDict *opts;
1578 
1579     opts = qdict_new();
1580     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1581     qobject_ref(prop);
1582     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1583     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1584     qobject_unref(opts);
1585 }
1586 
1587 static void
1588 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1589                            const char *arg)
1590 {
1591     QDict *prop = NULL;
1592     bool help = false;
1593 
1594     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1595     if (help) {
1596         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1597         exit(0);
1598     }
1599     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1600     qobject_unref(prop);
1601 }
1602 
1603 static const char *pid_file;
1604 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1605     Notifier notifier;
1606     char *pid_file_realpath;
1607 };
1608 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1609 
1610 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1611 {
1612     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1613 
1614     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1615     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1616 }
1617 
1618 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1619                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1620 {
1621     const QEMUOption *popt;
1622     int optind = *poptind;
1623     char *r = argv[optind];
1624     const char *optarg;
1625 
1626     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1627     optind++;
1628     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1629     if (r[1] == '-')
1630         r++;
1631     popt = qemu_options;
1632     for(;;) {
1633         if (!popt->name) {
1634             error_report("invalid option");
1635             exit(1);
1636         }
1637         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1638             break;
1639         popt++;
1640     }
1641     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1642         if (optind >= argc) {
1643             error_report("requires an argument");
1644             exit(1);
1645         }
1646         optarg = argv[optind++];
1647         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1648     } else {
1649         optarg = NULL;
1650     }
1651 
1652     *poptarg = optarg;
1653     *poptind = optind;
1654 
1655     return popt;
1656 }
1657 
1658 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1659 {
1660     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1661     GSList *machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1662     MachineClass *machine_class;
1663     Error *local_err = NULL;
1664 
1665     if (machine_type) {
1666         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1667         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1668         if (!machine_class) {
1669             error_setg(&local_err, "unsupported machine type");
1670         }
1671     } else {
1672         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1673         if (!machine_class) {
1674             error_setg(&local_err, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1675         }
1676     }
1677 
1678     g_slist_free(machines);
1679     if (local_err) {
1680         error_append_hint(&local_err, "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1681         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1682     }
1683     return machine_class;
1684 }
1685 
1686 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1687                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1688                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1689 {
1690     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1691         return 0;
1692     }
1693 
1694     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1695         return -1;
1696     }
1697 
1698     return 0;
1699 }
1700 
1701 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1702 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1703 {
1704     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1705     char *p;
1706 
1707     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1708         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1709 
1710         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1711         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1712             continue;
1713         }
1714         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1715         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1716             if (*p == '_') {
1717                 *p = '-';
1718             }
1719         }
1720         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1721             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1722             return;
1723         }
1724         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1725         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1726         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1727     }
1728 }
1729 
1730 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1731 {
1732     const char *value;
1733     QObject *prop;
1734 
1735     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1736 
1737     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1738     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1739     if (value) {
1740         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1741         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1742     }
1743 
1744     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1745     if (value) {
1746         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1747                                    false);
1748         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1749     }
1750 
1751     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1752     if (value) {
1753         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1754                                    false);
1755         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1756     }
1757 
1758     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1759     if (value) {
1760         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1761                                    false);
1762         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1763                                    false);
1764         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1765     }
1766 
1767     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1768     if (value) {
1769         if (mem_path) {
1770             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1771                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1772             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1773         }
1774 
1775         /* Resolved later.  */
1776         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1777         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1778     }
1779 
1780     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1781     if (prop) {
1782         have_custom_ram_size =
1783             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1784             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1785     }
1786 }
1787 
1788 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1789 {
1790     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1791 
1792     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1793         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1794         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1795             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1796             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1797             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1798             g_free(opt);
1799         }
1800     }
1801 }
1802 
1803 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1804 {
1805     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1806     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1807     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1808 }
1809 
1810 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1811 {
1812     QemuOpts *opts;
1813     const char *type;
1814     Visitor *v;
1815 
1816     if (str[0] == '{') {
1817         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1818 
1819         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1820         qobject_unref(obj);
1821     } else {
1822         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1823                                        str, true);
1824         if (!opts) {
1825             exit(1);
1826         }
1827 
1828         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1829         if (!type) {
1830             error_setg(&error_fatal, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1831         }
1832         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1833             exit(0);
1834         }
1835 
1836         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1837     }
1838 
1839     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1840     visit_free(v);
1841 }
1842 
1843 /*
1844  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1845  */
1846 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1847 {
1848     /*
1849      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1850      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1851      */
1852 
1853     /*
1854      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1855      * affinity of threads.
1856      */
1857     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1858         return true;
1859     }
1860 
1861     return false;
1862 }
1863 
1864 /*
1865  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1866  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1867  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1868  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1869  * already existing.
1870  */
1871 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1872 {
1873     /*
1874      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1875      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1876      */
1877 
1878     /* Reason: already created. */
1879     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1880         return false;
1881     }
1882 
1883     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1884     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1885         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1886         return false;
1887     }
1888 
1889 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1890     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1891     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1892         return false;
1893     }
1894 #endif
1895 
1896     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1897     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1898         return false;
1899     }
1900     /*
1901      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1902      */
1903     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1904         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1905         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1906         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1907         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1908         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1909         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1910         return false;
1911     }
1912 
1913     /*
1914      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1915      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1916      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1917      */
1918     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1919         return false;
1920     }
1921 
1922     return true;
1923 }
1924 
1925 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1926 {
1927     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1928 
1929     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1930         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1931         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1932     }
1933 
1934     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1935         replay_add_blocker("smp");
1936     }
1937 }
1938 
1939 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1940 {
1941     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1942 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1943     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1944 #else
1945     const bool use_sdl = false;
1946 #endif
1947 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1948     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1949 #else
1950     const bool use_gtk = false;
1951 #endif
1952 
1953     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1954         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1955                      "ignoring option");
1956     }
1957 
1958     qemu_console_early_init();
1959 
1960     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1961 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1962         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
1963 #else
1964         error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
1965 #endif
1966         exit(1);
1967     }
1968 
1969     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1970 
1971     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1972     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1973     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1974     qemu_spice.init();
1975 
1976     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1977                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1978 
1979 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1980     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1981                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1982 #endif
1983 
1984     /*
1985      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
1986      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
1987      */
1988     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
1989     audio_init_audiodevs();
1990     if (default_audio) {
1991         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
1992     }
1993 }
1994 
1995 
1996 /*
1997  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
1998  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
1999  */
2000 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
2001 {
2002     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
2003 }
2004 
2005 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
2006 {
2007     if (qtest_chrdev) {
2008         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
2009     }
2010 
2011     net_init_clients();
2012 
2013     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
2014 
2015     /*
2016      * Wait for any outstanding memory prealloc from created memory
2017      * backends to complete.
2018      */
2019     if (!qemu_finish_async_prealloc_mem(&error_fatal)) {
2020         exit(1);
2021     }
2022 
2023     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
2024         exit(1);
2025     }
2026 
2027     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
2028                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2029 
2030     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
2031         exit(1);
2032     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
2033         exit(1);
2034     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
2035         exit(1);
2036 
2037     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2038     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2039 }
2040 
2041 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2042 {
2043     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2044         Object *backend;
2045         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2046 
2047         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2048                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2049         if (!backend) {
2050             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2051             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2052         }
2053         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2054             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2055             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2056         }
2057         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2058                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2059     }
2060 }
2061 
2062 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2063 {
2064     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2065     QDict *dict, *prop;
2066     const char *mem_str;
2067     Location loc;
2068 
2069     loc_push_none(&loc);
2070     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2071 
2072     prop = qdict_new();
2073 
2074     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2075         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2076         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2077         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2078             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2079             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2080         } else {
2081             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2082         }
2083     }
2084 
2085     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2086         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2087     }
2088     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2089         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2090     }
2091 
2092     dict = qdict_new();
2093     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2094     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2095     qobject_unref(dict);
2096     loc_pop(&loc);
2097 }
2098 
2099 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2100 {
2101     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2102     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2103 
2104     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2105     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2106                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2107     object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
2108                                             "/unattached"),
2109                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2110 
2111     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2112         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2113             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2114              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2115              */
2116             g_assert_not_reached();
2117         }
2118     }
2119 
2120     cpu_exec_init_all();
2121 
2122     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2123         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2124     }
2125 
2126     /*
2127      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2128      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2129      */
2130     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2131         QDict *default_opts =
2132             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2133                          &error_abort);
2134         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2135         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2136                                           false, &error_abort);
2137         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2138     }
2139 }
2140 
2141 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2142 {
2143     GlobalProperty *g;
2144 
2145     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2146     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2147     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2148     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2149     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2150     return 0;
2151 }
2152 
2153 /*
2154  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2155  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2156  */
2157 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2158 {
2159     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2160         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2161         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2162         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2163         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2164         return false;
2165     }
2166     return true;
2167 }
2168 
2169 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2170                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2171 {
2172     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2173         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2174         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2175         visit_free(v);
2176 
2177     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2178         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2179         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2180         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2181             audio_define(dev);
2182         }
2183         visit_free(v);
2184 
2185     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2186         /*
2187          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2188          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2189          */
2190         assert(!from_json);
2191         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2192     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2193         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2194     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2195         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2196     } else {
2197         abort();
2198     }
2199 }
2200 
2201 /*
2202  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2203  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2204  */
2205 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2206                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2207 {
2208     QObject *crumpled;
2209     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2210         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2211         return;
2212     }
2213 
2214     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2215     if (!crumpled) {
2216         return;
2217     }
2218     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2219     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2220         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2221         break;
2222     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2223         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2224         break;
2225     default:
2226         g_assert_not_reached();
2227     }
2228     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2229 }
2230 
2231 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2232 {
2233     ERRP_GUARD();
2234     int ret;
2235     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2236 
2237     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2238     if (ret < 0) {
2239         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2240             error_free(*errp);
2241             *errp = NULL;
2242         }
2243     }
2244 }
2245 
2246 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2247 {
2248     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2249     QemuOptsList *list;
2250     QemuOpts *opts;
2251     int rc, offset;
2252 
2253     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2254     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2255         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2256         return;
2257     }
2258 
2259     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2260         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2261     } else {
2262         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2263         if (list) {
2264             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2265             if (!opts) {
2266                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2267                 return;
2268             }
2269             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2270         }
2271     }
2272 }
2273 
2274 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2275 {
2276     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2277                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2278 }
2279 
2280 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2281 {
2282     return !icount_configure(opts, errp);
2283 }
2284 
2285 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2286                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2287                                 Error **errp)
2288 {
2289     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2290 }
2291 
2292 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2293 {
2294     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2295     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2296     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2297     AccelState *accel;
2298     int ret;
2299     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2300 
2301     if (!acc) {
2302         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2303         goto bad;
2304     }
2305 
2306     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2307 
2308     if (!ac) {
2309         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2310             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2311         }
2312         goto bad;
2313     }
2314     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2315     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2316     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2317                      accel,
2318                      &error_fatal);
2319 
2320     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2321     if (ret < 0) {
2322         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2323             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2324         }
2325         goto bad;
2326     }
2327 
2328     return 1;
2329 
2330 bad:
2331     *p_init_failed = true;
2332     return 0;
2333 }
2334 
2335 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2336 {
2337     bool init_failed = false;
2338 
2339     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2340                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2341 
2342     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2343         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2344 
2345         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2346             /* Select the default accelerator */
2347             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2348             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2349 
2350             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2351                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2352                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2353                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2354                 } else {
2355                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2356                 }
2357             } else if (have_kvm) {
2358                 accelerators = "kvm";
2359             } else if (have_tcg) {
2360                 accelerators = "tcg";
2361             } else {
2362                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2363                              " no default accelerator available");
2364                 exit(1);
2365             }
2366         }
2367         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2368 
2369         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2370             /*
2371              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2372              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2373              */
2374             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2375                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2376             } else {
2377                 init_failed = true;
2378                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2379             }
2380         }
2381         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2382     } else {
2383         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2384             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2385             exit(1);
2386         }
2387     }
2388 
2389     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2390                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2391         if (!init_failed) {
2392             error_report("no accelerator found");
2393         }
2394         exit(1);
2395     }
2396 
2397     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2398         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2399     }
2400 
2401     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2402         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2403         exit(1);
2404     }
2405 }
2406 
2407 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2408 {
2409     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2410     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2411     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2412 
2413     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2414          if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2415               error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2416               exit(1);
2417           }
2418 
2419           if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2420               error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2421               exit(1);
2422           }
2423     }
2424 
2425     if (loadvm && incoming) {
2426         error_report("'incoming' and 'loadvm' options are mutually exclusive");
2427         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2428     }
2429     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2430         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2431                      "mutually exclusive");
2432         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2433     }
2434     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2435         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2436         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2437     }
2438 
2439 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2440     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2441         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2442         exit(1);
2443     }
2444 #endif
2445 }
2446 
2447 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2448 {
2449     if (mem_prealloc) {
2450         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2451         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2452             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2453             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2454                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2455                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2456                                            val, false);
2457             }
2458         }
2459         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2460     }
2461 }
2462 
2463 /* -action processing */
2464 
2465 /*
2466  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2467  */
2468 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2469 {
2470     Error *local_err = NULL;
2471     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2472     QObject *ret = NULL;
2473     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2474     qobject_unref(ret);
2475     qobject_unref(qdict);
2476     if (local_err) {
2477         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2478         return 1;
2479     }
2480     return 0;
2481 }
2482 
2483 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2484 {
2485     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2486                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2487 
2488     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2489 
2490 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2491     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2492     if (olist) {
2493         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2494     }
2495 #endif
2496 
2497     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2498                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2499         exit(1);
2500     }
2501 
2502 #ifndef _WIN32
2503     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2504                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2505 
2506     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2507                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2508 #endif
2509 
2510     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2511     {
2512         int mask = 0;
2513         if (log_mask) {
2514             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2515             if (!mask) {
2516                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2517                 exit(1);
2518             }
2519         }
2520         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2521     }
2522 
2523     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2524 }
2525 
2526 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2527 {
2528     /*
2529      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2530      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2531      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2532      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2533      */
2534     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2535         list_cpus();
2536         exit(0);
2537     }
2538 
2539     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2540                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2541         exit(0);
2542     }
2543 
2544     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2545     if (list_data_dirs) {
2546         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2547         exit(0);
2548     }
2549 }
2550 
2551 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2552 {
2553     Error *err = NULL;
2554 
2555     os_daemonize();
2556     rcu_disable_atfork();
2557 
2558     if (pid_file) {
2559         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2560 
2561         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2562             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2563             exit(1);
2564         }
2565 
2566         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2567         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2568             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2569                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2570                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2571             }
2572             return;
2573         }
2574 
2575         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2576             .notifier = {
2577                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2578             },
2579             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2580         };
2581         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2582     }
2583 }
2584 
2585 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2586 {
2587     DisplayState *ds;
2588 
2589     /* init local displays */
2590     ds = init_displaystate();
2591     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2592 
2593     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2594     os_setup_signal_handling();
2595 
2596     /* init remote displays */
2597 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2598     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2599                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2600 #endif
2601 
2602     if (using_spice) {
2603         qemu_spice.display_init();
2604     }
2605 }
2606 
2607 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2608 {
2609     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2610     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2611 
2612     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2613     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2614 
2615     drive_check_orphaned();
2616 
2617     realtime_init();
2618 }
2619 
2620 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2621 {
2622     DeviceOption *opt;
2623 
2624     soundhw_init();
2625 
2626     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2627                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2628 
2629     /* init USB devices */
2630     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2631         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
2632             exit(1);
2633     }
2634 
2635     /* init generic devices */
2636     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2637     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2638                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2639     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2640         DeviceState *dev;
2641         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2642         /*
2643          * TODO Eventually we should call qmp_device_add() here to make sure it
2644          * behaves the same, but QMP still has to accept incorrectly typed
2645          * options until libvirt is fixed and we want to be strict on the CLI
2646          * from the start, so call qdev_device_add_from_qdict() directly for
2647          * now.
2648          */
2649         dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(opt->opts, true, &error_fatal);
2650         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
2651         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2652     }
2653     rom_reset_order_override();
2654 }
2655 
2656 static void qemu_machine_creation_done(void)
2657 {
2658     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2659 
2660     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2661     drive_check_orphaned();
2662 
2663     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2664      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2665      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2666      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2667      * requested one
2668      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2669      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2670      */
2671     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2672         net_check_clients();
2673     }
2674 
2675     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2676 
2677     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2678 
2679     if (machine->cgs) {
2680         /*
2681          * Verify that Confidential Guest Support has actually been initialized
2682          */
2683         assert(machine->cgs->ready);
2684     }
2685 
2686     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
2687         exit(1);
2688     }
2689     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2690         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2691         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2692                     "type does not use that option; "
2693                     "No VGA device has been created");
2694     }
2695 }
2696 
2697 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2698 {
2699     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2700         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2701         return;
2702     }
2703 
2704     qemu_init_board();
2705     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2706     qemu_machine_creation_done();
2707 
2708     if (loadvm) {
2709         RunState state = autostart ? RUN_STATE_RUNNING : runstate_get();
2710         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2711         load_snapshot_resume(state);
2712     }
2713     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2714         replay_vmstate_init();
2715     }
2716 
2717     if (incoming) {
2718         Error *local_err = NULL;
2719         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2720             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, false, NULL, &local_err);
2721             if (local_err) {
2722                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2723                 exit(1);
2724             }
2725         }
2726     } else if (autostart) {
2727         qmp_cont(NULL);
2728     }
2729 }
2730 
2731 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2732 {
2733     QemuOpts *opts;
2734     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2735     QemuOptsList *olist;
2736     int optind;
2737     const char *optarg;
2738     MachineClass *machine_class;
2739     bool userconfig = true;
2740     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2741 
2742     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2743     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2744     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2745     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2746     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2747     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2748     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2749     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2750     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2751     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2752     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2753     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2754     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2755     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2756     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2757     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2758     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2759     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2760     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2761     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2762     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2763     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2764     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2765     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2766     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2767     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2768     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2769     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2770     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2771     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2772     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2773     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2774     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2775 
2776     error_init(argv[0]);
2777     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2778 
2779     os_setup_limits();
2780 
2781     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2782 
2783     qemu_init_subsystems();
2784 
2785     /* first pass of option parsing */
2786     optind = 1;
2787     while (optind < argc) {
2788         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2789             /* disk image */
2790             optind++;
2791         } else {
2792             const QEMUOption *popt;
2793 
2794             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2795             switch (popt->index) {
2796             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2797                 userconfig = false;
2798                 break;
2799             }
2800         }
2801     }
2802 
2803     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2804     if (userconfig) {
2805         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2806     }
2807 
2808     /* second pass of option parsing */
2809     optind = 1;
2810     for(;;) {
2811         if (optind >= argc)
2812             break;
2813         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2814             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2815             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2816         } else {
2817             const QEMUOption *popt;
2818 
2819             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2820             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2821                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2822                 exit(1);
2823             }
2824             switch(popt->index) {
2825             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2826                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2827                 cpu_option = optarg;
2828                 break;
2829             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2830             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2831             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2832             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2833                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2834                           HD_OPTS);
2835                 break;
2836             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2837                 {
2838                     Visitor *v;
2839                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2840 
2841                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2842                                                       &error_fatal);
2843 
2844                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2845                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2846                                                &error_fatal);
2847                     visit_free(v);
2848                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2849                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2850                     break;
2851                 }
2852             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2853                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2854                                                optarg, false);
2855                 if (opts == NULL) {
2856                     exit(1);
2857                 }
2858                 break;
2859             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2860                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2861                 break;
2862             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2863                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2864                     exit(1);
2865                 break;
2866             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2867                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2868                 break;
2869             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2870                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2871                 break;
2872             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2873                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2874                 break;
2875             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2876                 snapshot = 1;
2877                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2878                 break;
2879             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2880                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2881                                                optarg, true);
2882                 if (!opts) {
2883                     exit(1);
2884                 }
2885                 break;
2886             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2887                 parse_display(optarg);
2888                 break;
2889             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2890                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2891                 nographic = true;
2892                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2893                 break;
2894             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
2895                 graphic_rotate = 90;
2896                 break;
2897             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
2898                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
2899                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
2900                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
2901                     error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
2902                     exit(1);
2903                 }
2904                 break;
2905             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2906                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2907                 break;
2908             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2909                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2910                 break;
2911             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2912                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2913                 break;
2914             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2915                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2916                 break;
2917             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2918                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2919                 break;
2920             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2921                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2922                 break;
2923             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2924             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2925                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2926                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2927                 break;
2928             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2929                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "fd-bootchk", "off");
2930                 break;
2931             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2932                 default_net = 0;
2933                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2934                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2935                 } else {
2936                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2937                 }
2938                 break;
2939             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2940                 default_net = 0;
2941                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2942                 break;
2943             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2944                 default_net = 0;
2945                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2946                 break;
2947 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2948             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2949                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2950                                                optarg, false);
2951                 if (!opts) {
2952                     exit(1);
2953                 }
2954                 break;
2955 #endif
2956             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2957                 default_audio = 0;
2958                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2959                 break;
2960             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2961                 bool help;
2962                 char *model = NULL;
2963                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2964                 Visitor *v;
2965                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2966                 default_audio = 0;
2967                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2968                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2969                     audio_help();
2970                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2971                 }
2972                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2973                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2974                 }
2975                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2976                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2977                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2978                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2979                         show_valid_soundhw();
2980                         exit(0);
2981                     }
2982                 }
2983                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2984                 qobject_unref(dict);
2985                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
2986                 visit_free(v);
2987                 if (model) {
2988                     audio_define(dev);
2989                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
2990                     g_free(model);
2991                 } else {
2992                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
2993                 }
2994                 break;
2995             }
2996             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
2997                 help(0);
2998                 break;
2999             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
3000                 version();
3001                 exit(0);
3002                 break;
3003             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
3004                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
3005                 if (opts == NULL) {
3006                     exit(1);
3007                 }
3008                 break;
3009 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
3010             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
3011                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
3012                     exit(1);
3013                 }
3014                 break;
3015 #endif
3016             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
3017                 mem_path = optarg;
3018                 break;
3019             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
3020                 mem_prealloc = 1;
3021                 break;
3022             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3023                 log_mask = optarg;
3024                 break;
3025             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3026                 log_file = optarg;
3027                 break;
3028             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3029                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3030                 break;
3031 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3032             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3033                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3034                 break;
3035             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3036                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3037                 break;
3038 #endif
3039             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3040                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3041                 break;
3042             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3043                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3044                 break;
3045             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3046                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3047                 break;
3048             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3049                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3050                     list_data_dirs = true;
3051                 } else {
3052                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3053                 }
3054                 break;
3055             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3056                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3057                 break;
3058             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3059                 autostart = 0;
3060                 break;
3061             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3062                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3063                 break;
3064             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3065                 vga_model = optarg;
3066                 default_vga = 0;
3067                 break;
3068             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3069                 {
3070                     const char *p;
3071                     int w, h, depth;
3072                     p = optarg;
3073                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3074                     if (w <= 0) {
3075                     graphic_error:
3076                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3077                         exit(1);
3078                     }
3079                     if (*p != 'x')
3080                         goto graphic_error;
3081                     p++;
3082                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3083                     if (h <= 0)
3084                         goto graphic_error;
3085                     if (*p == 'x') {
3086                         p++;
3087                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3088                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3089                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3090                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3091                             goto graphic_error;
3092                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3093                         depth = graphic_depth;
3094                     } else {
3095                         goto graphic_error;
3096                     }
3097 
3098                     graphic_width = w;
3099                     graphic_height = h;
3100                     graphic_depth = depth;
3101                 }
3102                 break;
3103             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3104                 {
3105                     char *r;
3106                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3107                     if (r == optarg)
3108                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3109                     break;
3110                 }
3111             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3112                 default_monitor = 0;
3113                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3114                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3115                 }
3116                 break;
3117             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3118                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3119                 default_monitor = 0;
3120                 break;
3121             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3122                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3123                 default_monitor = 0;
3124                 break;
3125             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3126                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3127                                                true);
3128                 if (!opts) {
3129                     exit(1);
3130                 }
3131                 default_monitor = 0;
3132                 break;
3133             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3134                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3135                                                optarg, true);
3136                 if (!opts) {
3137                     exit(1);
3138                 }
3139                 break;
3140             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3141                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3142                 if (!olist) {
3143                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3144                     exit(1);
3145                 }
3146                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3147                 if (!opts) {
3148                     exit(1);
3149                 }
3150                 break;
3151             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3152                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3153                 QemuOpts *device;
3154                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3155                            *multidevs;
3156 
3157                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3158                 if (!olist) {
3159                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3160                     exit(1);
3161                 }
3162                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3163                 if (!opts) {
3164                     exit(1);
3165                 }
3166 
3167                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3168                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3169                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3170                     exit(1);
3171                 }
3172                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3173                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3174                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3175                                          1, NULL);
3176                 if (!fsdev) {
3177                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3178                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3179                     exit(1);
3180                 }
3181 
3182                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3183                 if (writeout) {
3184 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3185                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3186 #else
3187                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3188                                  "on this platform");
3189                     exit(1);
3190 #endif
3191                 }
3192                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3193                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3194                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3195                 if (path) {
3196                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3197                 }
3198                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3199                 if (security_model) {
3200                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3201                                  &error_abort);
3202                 }
3203                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3204                 if (socket) {
3205                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3206                 }
3207                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3208                 if (sock_fd) {
3209                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3210                 }
3211 
3212                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3213                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3214                                   &error_abort);
3215                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3216                 if (multidevs) {
3217                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3218                 }
3219                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3220                                           &error_abort);
3221                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3222                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3223                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3224                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3225                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3226                 break;
3227             }
3228             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3229                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3230                 default_serial = 0;
3231                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3232                     default_monitor = 0;
3233                 }
3234                 break;
3235             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3236                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3237                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3238                      exit(1);
3239                 }
3240                 break;
3241             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3242                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3243                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3244                 break;
3245             }
3246             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3247                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3248                 default_parallel = 0;
3249                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3250                     default_monitor = 0;
3251                 }
3252                 break;
3253             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3254                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3255                 break;
3256             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3257                 loadvm = optarg;
3258                 break;
3259             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3260                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3261                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3262                 break;
3263             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3264                 pid_file = optarg;
3265                 break;
3266             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3267                 object_register_sugar_prop("ide-device", "win2k-install-hack", "true", true);
3268                 break;
3269             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3270                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3271                                                optarg, true);
3272                 if (!opts) {
3273                     exit(1);
3274                 }
3275                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3276                 break;
3277             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3278                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3279                                                optarg, false);
3280                 if (!opts) {
3281                     exit(1);
3282                 }
3283                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3284                 break;
3285             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3286                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3287                                                optarg, true);
3288                 if (opts == NULL) {
3289                     exit(1);
3290                 }
3291                 break;
3292             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3293                 preconfig_requested = true;
3294                 break;
3295             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3296                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3297                 break;
3298             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3299             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3300                 {
3301                     bool help;
3302 
3303                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3304                     if (help) {
3305                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3306                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3307                     }
3308                     break;
3309                 }
3310             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3311                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3312                                                      optarg, true);
3313                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3314                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3315                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3316                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3317                                                                     false);
3318                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3319                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3320                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3321                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3322                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3323                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3324                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3325                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3326                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3327                             g_strfreev(optname);
3328                         }
3329                         g_free(typename);
3330                     }
3331                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3332                     exit(0);
3333                 }
3334                 break;
3335             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3336                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3337                 break;
3338             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3339                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3340                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3341                 break;
3342             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3343                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3344                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3345                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3346                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3347                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3348                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3349                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3350                 } else {
3351                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3352                                                  optarg, true)) {
3353                         exit(1);
3354                     }
3355                 }
3356                 break;
3357             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3358                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3359                                            "smp", optarg);
3360                 break;
3361 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
3362             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3363                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3364                 display_remote++;
3365                 break;
3366 #endif
3367             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3368                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3369                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3370                 break;
3371             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3372                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3373                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3374                 break;
3375             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3376                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3377                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3378                     exit(1);
3379                 }
3380                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3381                 break;
3382             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3383                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3384                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3385                     exit(1);
3386                 }
3387                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3388                                                optarg, true);
3389                 if (!opts) {
3390                     exit(1);
3391                 }
3392                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3393                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3394                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3395                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3396                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3397                     exit(1);
3398                 }
3399                 nb_option_roms++;
3400                 break;
3401             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3402                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3403                 break;
3404             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3405                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3406                     exit(1);
3407                 }
3408                 break;
3409             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3410                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3411                                                optarg, true);
3412                 if (!opts) {
3413                     exit(1);
3414                 }
3415                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3416                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3417                 break;
3418             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3419                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3420                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3421                     exit(1);
3422                 }
3423                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3424                 nb_prom_envs++;
3425                 break;
3426             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3427                 old_param = 1;
3428                 break;
3429             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3430                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3431                                                false);
3432                 if (!opts) {
3433                     exit(1);
3434                 }
3435                 break;
3436             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3437                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3438                                                       optarg, true);
3439                 if (!icount_opts) {
3440                     exit(1);
3441                 }
3442                 break;
3443             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3444                 if (!incoming) {
3445                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3446                 }
3447                 incoming = optarg;
3448                 break;
3449             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3450                 only_migratable = 1;
3451                 break;
3452             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3453                 has_defaults = 0;
3454                 break;
3455             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3456                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3457                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3458                     exit(1);
3459                 }
3460                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3461                 break;
3462             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3463                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3464                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3465                     exit(1);
3466                 }
3467                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3468                 break;
3469             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3470                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3471                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3472                     exit(1);
3473                 }
3474                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3475                 break;
3476             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3477                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3478                 break;
3479             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3480                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3481                 break;
3482             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3483                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3484                 break;
3485 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3486             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3487                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("spice"), optarg, false);
3488                 if (!opts) {
3489                     exit(1);
3490                 }
3491                 display_remote++;
3492                 break;
3493 #endif
3494             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3495                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3496                 break;
3497             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3498                 qtest_log = optarg;
3499                 break;
3500             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3501                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3502                 if (!olist) {
3503 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3504                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3505                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3506 #endif
3507                     exit(1);
3508                 }
3509 
3510                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3511                 if (!opts) {
3512                     exit(1);
3513                 }
3514                 break;
3515             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3516 #ifndef _WIN32
3517                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3518                                                optarg, false);
3519                 if (!opts) {
3520                     exit(1);
3521                 }
3522 #else
3523                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3524                              "platform");
3525                 exit(1);
3526 #endif
3527                 break;
3528             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3529                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3530                 break;
3531             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3532                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3533                                                optarg, false);
3534                 if (!opts) {
3535                     exit(1);
3536                 }
3537                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", false);
3538                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", false);
3539                 break;
3540             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3541                 {
3542                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3543                     Visitor *v;
3544 
3545                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3546                                                       &error_fatal);
3547 
3548                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3549                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3550 
3551                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3552                     visit_free(v);
3553                     break;
3554                 }
3555             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3556                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3557                                                false);
3558                 if (!opts) {
3559                     exit(1);
3560                 }
3561                 configure_msg(opts);
3562                 break;
3563             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3564                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3565                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3566                                  "option may be given");
3567                     exit(1);
3568                 }
3569                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3570                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3571                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3572                     exit(1);
3573                 }
3574                 break;
3575             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3576                 qsp_enable();
3577                 break;
3578             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3579                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3580                 break;
3581 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3582             case QEMU_OPTION_runas:
3583                 if (!os_set_runas(optarg)) {
3584                     error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3585                                  " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3586                                  optarg);
3587                     exit(1);
3588                 }
3589                 break;
3590             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3591                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3592                 break;
3593             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3594                 const char *str;
3595                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3596                                                          optarg, false);
3597                 if (!opts) {
3598                     exit(1);
3599                 }
3600 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3601                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3602                     init_async_teardown();
3603                 }
3604 #endif
3605                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3606                 if (str) {
3607                     os_set_chroot(str);
3608                 }
3609                 break;
3610             }
3611 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3612 
3613             default:
3614                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3615                 exit(1);
3616             }
3617         }
3618     }
3619     /*
3620      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3621      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3622      */
3623     loc_set_none();
3624 
3625     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3626     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3627 
3628     /*
3629      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3630      * before daemonizing.
3631      */
3632     qemu_process_early_options();
3633 
3634     qemu_process_help_options();
3635     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3636 
3637     /*
3638      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3639      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3640      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3641      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3642      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3643      * process will be left in the host.
3644      */
3645     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3646         exit(1);
3647     }
3648     trace_init_file();
3649 
3650     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3651     cpu_timers_init();
3652 
3653     user_register_global_props();
3654     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3655 
3656     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3657 
3658     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3659     parse_memory_options();
3660 
3661     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3662 
3663     suspend_mux_open();
3664 
3665     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3666     qemu_setup_display();
3667     qemu_create_default_devices();
3668     qemu_create_early_backends();
3669 
3670     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3671     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3672     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3673     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3674 
3675     /*
3676      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3677      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3678      */
3679     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3680     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3681 
3682     /*
3683      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3684      * compat properties.
3685      *
3686      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3687      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3688      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3689      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3690      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3691      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3692      *
3693      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3694      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3695      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3696      */
3697 
3698     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3699     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3700         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3701                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3702     }
3703 
3704     /*
3705      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3706      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3707      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3708      */
3709     qemu_create_late_backends();
3710     phase_advance(PHASE_LATE_BACKENDS_CREATED);
3711 
3712     /*
3713      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3714      * compat properties have been set up.
3715      */
3716     migration_object_init();
3717 
3718     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3719     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class_default_cpu_type(machine_class);
3720     if (cpu_option) {
3721         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3722     }
3723     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3724 
3725     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3726     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3727 
3728     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3729         /* dump and exit */
3730         module_load_qom_all();
3731         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3732         exit(0);
3733     }
3734 
3735     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3736         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3737     }
3738     qemu_init_displays();
3739     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3740     os_setup_post();
3741     resume_mux_open();
3742 }
3743