xref: /openbmc/qemu/system/vl.c (revision 87417811)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
44 #include "sysemu/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
46 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
47 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
68 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
69 #include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "qemu/timer.h"
72 #include "chardev/char.h"
73 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
74 #include "qemu/log.h"
75 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
76 #include "hw/block/block.h"
77 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
79 #include "migration/misc.h"
80 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
81 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
82 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
83 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
84 #include "audio/audio.h"
85 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
86 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
87 #include "migration/colo.h"
88 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
89 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
90 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
91 #include "qemu/option.h"
92 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
93 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
94 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
95 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
96 #endif
97 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
98 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
99 #include "accel/tcg/perf.h"
100 #endif
101 
102 #include "disas/disas.h"
103 
104 #include "trace.h"
105 #include "trace/control.h"
106 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
107 #include "qemu/queue.h"
108 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
109 #include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
110 
111 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
112 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
113 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
115 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
116 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
117 #include "crypto/init.h"
118 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
119 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
131 #include "block/qdict.h"
132 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
133 #include "sysemu/iothread.h"
134 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
135 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
136 
137 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
138 
139 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
140     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
141     Location loc;
142     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
143 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
144 
145 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
146 
147 typedef struct ObjectOption {
148     ObjectOptions *opts;
149     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
150 } ObjectOption;
151 
152 typedef struct DeviceOption {
153     QDict *opts;
154     Location loc;
155     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
156 } DeviceOption;
157 
158 static const char *cpu_option;
159 static const char *mem_path;
160 static const char *incoming;
161 static const char *loadvm;
162 static const char *accelerators;
163 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
164 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
165 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
166 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
168 static int display_remote;
169 static int snapshot;
170 static bool preconfig_requested;
171 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
172 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
173 static bool nographic = false;
174 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
175 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
176 static DisplayOptions dpy;
177 static int num_serial_hds;
178 static Chardev **serial_hds;
179 static const char *log_mask;
180 static const char *log_file;
181 static bool list_data_dirs;
182 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
183 static const char *qtest_log;
184 static bool opt_one_insn_per_tb;
185 
186 static int has_defaults = 1;
187 static int default_audio = 1;
188 static int default_serial = 1;
189 static int default_parallel = 1;
190 static int default_monitor = 1;
191 static int default_floppy = 1;
192 static int default_cdrom = 1;
193 static int default_sdcard = 1;
194 static int default_vga = 1;
195 static int default_net = 1;
196 
197 static struct {
198     const char *driver;
199     int *flag;
200 } default_list[] = {
201     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
203     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
204     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
206     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
210     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
220 };
221 
222 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
223     .name = "rtc",
224     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
225     .merge_lists = true,
226     .desc = {
227         {
228             .name = "base",
229             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
230         },{
231             .name = "clock",
232             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
233         },{
234             .name = "driftfix",
235             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
236         },
237         { /* end of list */ }
238     },
239 };
240 
241 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
242     .name = "option-rom",
243     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
244     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
245     .desc = {
246         {
247             .name = "bootindex",
248             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
249         }, {
250             .name = "romfile",
251             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
252         },
253         { /* end of list */ }
254     },
255 };
256 
257 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
258     .name = "accel",
259     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
260     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
261     .desc = {
262         /*
263          * no elements => accept any
264          * sanity checking will happen later
265          * when setting accelerator properties
266          */
267         { }
268     },
269 };
270 
271 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
272     .name = "boot-opts",
273     .implied_opt_name = "order",
274     .merge_lists = true,
275     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
276     .desc = {
277         {
278             .name = "order",
279             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
280         }, {
281             .name = "once",
282             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
283         }, {
284             .name = "menu",
285             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
286         }, {
287             .name = "splash",
288             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
289         }, {
290             .name = "splash-time",
291             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
292         }, {
293             .name = "reboot-timeout",
294             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
295         }, {
296             .name = "strict",
297             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
298         },
299         { /*End of list */ }
300     },
301 };
302 
303 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
304     .name = "add-fd",
305     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
306     .desc = {
307         {
308             .name = "fd",
309             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
310             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
311         },{
312             .name = "set",
313             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
314             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
315         },{
316             .name = "opaque",
317             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
318             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
319         },
320         { /* end of list */ }
321     },
322 };
323 
324 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
325     .name = "object",
326     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
327     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
328     .desc = {
329         { }
330     },
331 };
332 
333 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
334     .name = "tpmdev",
335     .implied_opt_name = "type",
336     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
337     .desc = {
338         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
339         { /* end of list */ }
340     },
341 };
342 
343 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
344     .name = "overcommit",
345     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
346     .desc = {
347         {
348             .name = "mem-lock",
349             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
350         },
351         {
352             .name = "cpu-pm",
353             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
354         },
355         { /* end of list */ }
356     },
357 };
358 
359 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
360     .name = "msg",
361     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
362     .desc = {
363         {
364             .name = "timestamp",
365             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
366         },
367         {
368             .name = "guest-name",
369             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
370             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
371                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
372         },
373         { /* end of list */ }
374     },
375 };
376 
377 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
378     .name = "name",
379     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
380     .merge_lists = true,
381     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
382     .desc = {
383         {
384             .name = "guest",
385             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
386             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
387                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
388                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
389         }, {
390             .name = "process",
391             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
392             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
393         }, {
394             .name = "debug-threads",
395             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
396             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
397                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
398                     "stable API.",
399         },
400         { /* End of list */ }
401     },
402 };
403 
404 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
405     .name = "memory",
406     .implied_opt_name = "size",
407     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
408     .merge_lists = true,
409     .desc = {
410         {
411             .name = "size",
412             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
413         },
414         {
415             .name = "slots",
416             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
417         },
418         {
419             .name = "maxmem",
420             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
421         },
422         { /* end of list */ }
423     },
424 };
425 
426 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
427     .name = "icount",
428     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
429     .merge_lists = true,
430     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
431     .desc = {
432         {
433             .name = "shift",
434             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
435         }, {
436             .name = "align",
437             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
438         }, {
439             .name = "sleep",
440             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
441         }, {
442             .name = "rr",
443             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
444         }, {
445             .name = "rrfile",
446             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
447         }, {
448             .name = "rrsnapshot",
449             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
450         },
451         { /* end of list */ }
452     },
453 };
454 
455 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
456     .name = "fw_cfg",
457     .implied_opt_name = "name",
458     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
459     .desc = {
460         {
461             .name = "name",
462             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
463             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
464         }, {
465             .name = "file",
466             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
467             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
468                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
469         }, {
470             .name = "string",
471             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
472             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
473         }, {
474             .name = "gen_id",
475             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
476             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
477                     "to be inserted",
478         },
479         { /* end of list */ }
480     },
481 };
482 
483 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
484     .name = "action",
485     .merge_lists = true,
486     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
487     .desc = {
488         {
489             .name = "shutdown",
490             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
491         },{
492             .name = "reboot",
493             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
494         },{
495             .name = "panic",
496             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
497         },{
498             .name = "watchdog",
499             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
500         },
501         { /* end of list */ }
502     },
503 };
504 
505 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
506 {
507     return qemu_name;
508 }
509 
510 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
511 {
512     int i;
513 
514     if (!driver) {
515         return;
516     }
517 
518     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
519         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
520             continue;
521         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
522     }
523 }
524 
525 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
526 {
527     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
528 
529     default_driver_disable(driver);
530     return 0;
531 }
532 
533 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
534 {
535     DeviceOption *opt;
536 
537     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
538         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
539         default_driver_disable(driver);
540     }
541 }
542 
543 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
544 {
545     const char *proc_name;
546 
547     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
548         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
549     }
550     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
551 
552     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
553     if (proc_name) {
554         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
555     }
556 
557     return 0;
558 }
559 
560 bool defaults_enabled(void)
561 {
562     return has_defaults;
563 }
564 
565 #ifndef _WIN32
566 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
567 {
568     int fd, dupfd, flags;
569     int64_t fdset_id;
570     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
571     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
572 
573     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
574     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
575     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
576 
577     if (fd < 0) {
578         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
579         return -1;
580     }
581 
582     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
583         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
584         return -1;
585     }
586 
587     /*
588      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
589      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
590      */
591     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
592     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
593         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
594         return -1;
595     }
596 
597     if (fdset_id < 0) {
598         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
599         return -1;
600     }
601 
602 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
603     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
604 #else
605     dupfd = dup(fd);
606     if (dupfd != -1) {
607         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
608     }
609 #endif
610     if (dupfd == -1) {
611         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
612         return -1;
613     }
614 
615     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
616     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
617                                   &error_abort);
618     g_free(fdinfo);
619 
620     return 0;
621 }
622 
623 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
624 {
625     int fd;
626 
627     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
628     close(fd);
629 
630     return 0;
631 }
632 #endif
633 
634 /***********************************************************/
635 /* QEMU Block devices */
636 
637 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
638 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
639 #define FD_OPTS ""
640 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
641 #define MTD_OPTS ""
642 #define SD_OPTS ""
643 
644 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
645 {
646     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
647 
648     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
649 }
650 
651 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
652 {
653     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
654         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
655     }
656     return 0;
657 }
658 
659 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
660                           int index, const char *optstr)
661 {
662     QemuOpts *opts;
663     DriveInfo *dinfo;
664 
665     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
666         return;
667     }
668 
669     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
670     if (snapshot) {
671         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
672     }
673 
674     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
675     dinfo->is_default = true;
676 
677 }
678 
679 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
680                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
681 {
682     /*
683      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
684      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
685      * now.
686      */
687     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
688         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
689                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
690     }
691 
692     /* open the virtual block devices */
693     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
694         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
695 
696         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
697         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
698         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
699         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
700         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
701         g_free(bdo);
702     }
703     if (snapshot) {
704         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
705                           NULL, NULL);
706     }
707     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
708                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
709         /* We printed help */
710         exit(0);
711     }
712 
713     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
714                   CDROM_OPTS);
715     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
717 
718 }
719 
720 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
721     .name = "smp-opts",
722     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
723     .merge_lists = true,
724     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
725     .desc = {
726         {
727             .name = "cpus",
728             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
729         }, {
730             .name = "sockets",
731             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
732         }, {
733             .name = "dies",
734             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
735         }, {
736             .name = "clusters",
737             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
738         }, {
739             .name = "cores",
740             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
741         }, {
742             .name = "threads",
743             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
744         }, {
745             .name = "maxcpus",
746             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
747         },
748         { /*End of list */ }
749     },
750 };
751 
752 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
753 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
754     .name = "run-with",
755     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
756     .desc = {
757 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
758         {
759             .name = "async-teardown",
760             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
761         },
762 #endif
763         {
764             .name = "chroot",
765             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
766         },
767         { /* end of list */ }
768     },
769 };
770 
771 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
772 
773 #else
774 
775 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
776 
777 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
778 
779 static void realtime_init(void)
780 {
781     if (enable_mlock) {
782         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
783             error_report("locking memory failed");
784             exit(1);
785         }
786     }
787 }
788 
789 
790 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
791 {
792     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
793     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
794 }
795 
796 
797 /***********************************************************/
798 /* USB devices */
799 
800 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
801 {
802     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
803 
804     if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
805         return -1;
806     }
807 
808     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
809     if (!dev)
810         return -1;
811 
812     return 0;
813 }
814 
815 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
816 {
817     int r;
818     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
819     if (r < 0) {
820         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
821     }
822     return r;
823 }
824 
825 /***********************************************************/
826 /* machine registration */
827 
828 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
829 {
830     GSList *el;
831 
832     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
833         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
834 
835         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
836             return mc;
837         }
838     }
839 
840     return NULL;
841 }
842 
843 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
844 {
845     GSList *el;
846     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
847 
848     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
849         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
850 
851         if (mc->is_default) {
852             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
853             default_machineclass = mc;
854         }
855     }
856 
857     return default_machineclass;
858 }
859 
860 static void version(void)
861 {
862     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
863            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
864 }
865 
866 static void help(int exitcode)
867 {
868     version();
869     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
870            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
871             g_get_prgname());
872 
873 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
874     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
875         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
876 
877 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
878     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
879         puts(stringify(text));
880 
881 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
882 
883 #include "qemu-options.def"
884 
885     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
886            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
887            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
888            "ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
889            "\n"
890            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
891            "\n"
892            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
893 
894     exit(exitcode);
895 }
896 
897 enum {
898 
899 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
900     opt_enum,
901 #define DEFHEADING(text)
902 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
903 
904 #include "qemu-options.def"
905 };
906 
907 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
908 
909 typedef struct QEMUOption {
910     const char *name;
911     int flags;
912     int index;
913     uint32_t arch_mask;
914 } QEMUOption;
915 
916 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
917     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
918 
919 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
920     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
921 #define DEFHEADING(text)
922 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
923 
924 #include "qemu-options.def"
925     { /* end of list */ }
926 };
927 
928 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
929     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
930     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
931     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
932      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
933     const char *class_names[2];
934 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
935 
936 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
937     [VGA_NONE] = {
938         .opt_name = "none",
939         .name = "no graphic card",
940     },
941     [VGA_STD] = {
942         .opt_name = "std",
943         .name = "standard VGA",
944         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
945     },
946     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
947         .opt_name = "cirrus",
948         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
949         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
950     },
951     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
952         .opt_name = "vmware",
953         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
954         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
955     },
956     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
957         .opt_name = "virtio",
958         .name = "Virtio VGA",
959         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
960     },
961     [VGA_QXL] = {
962         .opt_name = "qxl",
963         .name = "QXL VGA",
964         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
965     },
966     [VGA_TCX] = {
967         .opt_name = "tcx",
968         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
969         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
970     },
971     [VGA_CG3] = {
972         .opt_name = "cg3",
973         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
974         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
975     },
976 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
977     [VGA_XENFB] = {
978         .opt_name = "xenfb",
979         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
980     },
981 #endif
982 };
983 
984 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
985 {
986     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
987 
988     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
989     return !ti->class_names[0] ||
990            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
991            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
992 }
993 
994 static const char *
995 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
996 {
997     if (machine_class->default_display) {
998         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
999             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1000 
1001             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1002                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1003                 return machine_class->default_display;
1004             }
1005         }
1006 
1007         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1008                          machine_class->default_display);
1009         return NULL;
1010     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1011         return "cirrus";
1012     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1013         return "std";
1014     }
1015 
1016     return NULL;
1017 }
1018 
1019 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1020 {
1021     const char *opts;
1022     int t;
1023 
1024     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1025         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1026 
1027         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1028             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1029 
1030             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1031                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1032                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1033                         " (default)" : "");
1034             }
1035         }
1036         exit(0);
1037     }
1038 
1039     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1040     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1041         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1042         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1043             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1044                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1045                 exit(1);
1046             }
1047             vga_interface_type = t;
1048             break;
1049         }
1050     }
1051     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1052     invalid_vga:
1053         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1054         exit(1);
1055     }
1056     while (*opts) {
1057         const char *nextopt;
1058 
1059         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1060             opts = nextopt;
1061             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1062                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1063             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1064                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1065             else goto invalid_vga;
1066         } else goto invalid_vga;
1067         opts = nextopt;
1068     }
1069 }
1070 
1071 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1072 {
1073     DisplayOptions *opts;
1074     Visitor *v;
1075 
1076     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1077 
1078     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1079     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1080 
1081     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1082     visit_free(v);
1083 }
1084 
1085 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1086 {
1087     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1088 }
1089 
1090 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1091 {
1092     const char *opts;
1093 
1094     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1095         qemu_display_help();
1096         exit(0);
1097     }
1098 
1099     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1100         /*
1101          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1102          * display access.
1103          */
1104         if (*opts == '=') {
1105             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1106         } else {
1107             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1108             exit(1);
1109         }
1110     } else {
1111         parse_display_qapi(p);
1112     }
1113 }
1114 
1115 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1116 {
1117     return str && *str;
1118 }
1119 
1120 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1121 {
1122     gchar *buf;
1123     size_t size;
1124     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1125     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1126 
1127     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1128         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1129         return -1;
1130     }
1131     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1132     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1133     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1134     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1135 
1136     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1137     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1138         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1139         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1140                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1141         return -1;
1142     }
1143     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1144         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1145                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1146         return -1;
1147     }
1148     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1149         /*
1150          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1151          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1152          * so do not emit a warning.
1153          */
1154     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1155         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1156                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1157     }
1158     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1159         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1160         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1161     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1162         if (!fw_cfg_add_from_generator(fw_cfg, name, gen_id, errp)) {
1163             return -1;
1164         }
1165         return 0;
1166     } else {
1167         GError *err = NULL;
1168         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1169             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1170             g_error_free(err);
1171             return -1;
1172         }
1173     }
1174     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1175     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1176     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1177     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1178     return 0;
1179 }
1180 
1181 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1182 {
1183     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1184 }
1185 
1186 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1187 {
1188     DeviceState *dev;
1189 
1190     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1191     if (!dev && *errp) {
1192         error_report_err(*errp);
1193         return -1;
1194     } else if (dev) {
1195         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1196     }
1197     return 0;
1198 }
1199 
1200 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1201 {
1202     Error *local_err = NULL;
1203 
1204     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1205         if (local_err) {
1206             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1207             return -1;
1208         }
1209         exit(0);
1210     }
1211     return 0;
1212 }
1213 
1214 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1215 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1216 {
1217     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1218 }
1219 #endif
1220 
1221 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1222 {
1223     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1224 }
1225 
1226 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1227 {
1228     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1229     QemuOpts *opts;
1230     const char *p;
1231     char label[32];
1232 
1233     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1234         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1235     } else {
1236         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1237                  monitor_device_index);
1238         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1239         if (!opts) {
1240             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1241             exit(1);
1242         }
1243     }
1244 
1245     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1246     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1247     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1248     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1249         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1250     } else {
1251         assert(pretty == false);
1252     }
1253     monitor_device_index++;
1254 }
1255 
1256 struct device_config {
1257     enum {
1258         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1259         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1260         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1261         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1262         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1263         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1264     } type;
1265     const char *cmdline;
1266     Location loc;
1267     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1268 };
1269 
1270 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1271     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1272 
1273 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1274 {
1275     struct device_config *conf;
1276 
1277     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1278     conf->type = type;
1279     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1280     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1281     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1282 }
1283 
1284 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
1285 {
1286     struct device_config *conf;
1287     int rc;
1288 
1289     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1290         if (conf->type != type)
1291             continue;
1292         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1293         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
1294         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1295         if (rc) {
1296             return rc;
1297         }
1298     }
1299     return 0;
1300 }
1301 
1302 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1303 {
1304     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1305 
1306     default_driver_check_json();
1307     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1308                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1309     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1310                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1311 
1312     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1313         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1314         vga_interface_created = true;
1315     }
1316     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1317         default_serial = 0;
1318     }
1319     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1320         default_parallel = 0;
1321     }
1322     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1323         default_floppy = 0;
1324     }
1325     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1326         default_cdrom = 0;
1327     }
1328     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1329         default_sdcard = 0;
1330     }
1331     if (!has_defaults) {
1332         default_audio = 0;
1333         default_monitor = 0;
1334         default_net = 0;
1335         default_vga = 0;
1336     } else {
1337         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1338             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1339             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1340                         machine_class->default_nic);
1341             default_net = 0;
1342         }
1343     }
1344 }
1345 
1346 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1347 {
1348     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1349 
1350     if (is_daemonized()) {
1351         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1352          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1353          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1354          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1355          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1356          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1357          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1358          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1359          */
1360         if (nographic
1361             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1362             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1363             exit(1);
1364         }
1365     }
1366 
1367     if (nographic) {
1368         if (default_parallel)
1369             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1370         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1371             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1372         } else {
1373             if (default_serial)
1374                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1375             if (default_monitor)
1376                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1377         }
1378     } else {
1379         if (default_serial)
1380             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "vc:80Cx24C");
1381         if (default_parallel)
1382             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "vc:80Cx24C");
1383         if (default_monitor)
1384             monitor_parse("vc:80Cx24C", "readline", false);
1385     }
1386 
1387     if (default_net) {
1388         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1389         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1390 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1391         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1392 #endif
1393     }
1394 
1395 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1396     if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&(qemu_find_opts("vnc")->head))) {
1397         display_remote++;
1398     }
1399 #endif
1400     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1401         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1402             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1403 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1404             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1405 #endif
1406         }
1407     }
1408     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1409         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1410     }
1411 
1412     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1413     if (default_vga) {
1414         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1415     }
1416     if (vga_model) {
1417         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1418     }
1419 }
1420 
1421 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
1422 {
1423     int index = num_serial_hds;
1424     char label[32];
1425 
1426     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1427         return 0;
1428     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1429     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1430 
1431     serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1432     if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1433         error_report("could not connect serial device"
1434                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1435         return -1;
1436     }
1437     num_serial_hds++;
1438     return 0;
1439 }
1440 
1441 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1442 {
1443     assert(i >= 0);
1444     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1445         return serial_hds[i];
1446     }
1447     return NULL;
1448 }
1449 
1450 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
1451 {
1452     static int index = 0;
1453     char label[32];
1454 
1455     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1456         return 0;
1457     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1458         error_report("too many parallel ports");
1459         exit(1);
1460     }
1461     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1462     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1463     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1464         error_report("could not connect parallel device"
1465                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1466         return -1;
1467     }
1468     index++;
1469     return 0;
1470 }
1471 
1472 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
1473 {
1474     QemuOpts *opts;
1475 
1476     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1477         error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1478         exit(1);
1479     }
1480     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1481     if (!opts) {
1482         error_report("already have a debugcon device");
1483         exit(1);
1484     }
1485     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1486     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1487     return 0;
1488 }
1489 
1490 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1491 {
1492     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1493     int res;
1494 
1495     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1496         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1497             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1498              * in increasing order.
1499              */
1500             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1501                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1502         }
1503 
1504         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1505         return 1;
1506     }
1507 
1508     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1509         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1510         return -1;
1511     }
1512 
1513     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1514     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1515     if (res != 0) {
1516         return res;
1517     }
1518 
1519     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1520     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1521                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1522 }
1523 
1524 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1525 {
1526     GSList *machines, *el;
1527     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1528 
1529     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1530     if (type) {
1531         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1532         if (machine_class) {
1533             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1534             return;
1535         }
1536     }
1537 
1538     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1539     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1540     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1541         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1542         if (mc->alias) {
1543             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1544         }
1545         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1546                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1547                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1548     }
1549 }
1550 
1551 static void
1552 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1553 {
1554     QDict *opts;
1555 
1556     opts = qdict_new();
1557     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1558     qobject_ref(prop);
1559     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1560     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1561     qobject_unref(opts);
1562 }
1563 
1564 static void
1565 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1566                            const char *arg)
1567 {
1568     QDict *prop = NULL;
1569     bool help = false;
1570 
1571     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1572     if (help) {
1573         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1574         exit(0);
1575     }
1576     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1577     qobject_unref(prop);
1578 }
1579 
1580 static const char *pid_file;
1581 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1582     Notifier notifier;
1583     char *pid_file_realpath;
1584 };
1585 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1586 
1587 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1588 {
1589     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1590 
1591     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1592     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1593 }
1594 
1595 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1596                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1597 {
1598     const QEMUOption *popt;
1599     int optind = *poptind;
1600     char *r = argv[optind];
1601     const char *optarg;
1602 
1603     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1604     optind++;
1605     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1606     if (r[1] == '-')
1607         r++;
1608     popt = qemu_options;
1609     for(;;) {
1610         if (!popt->name) {
1611             error_report("invalid option");
1612             exit(1);
1613         }
1614         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1615             break;
1616         popt++;
1617     }
1618     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1619         if (optind >= argc) {
1620             error_report("requires an argument");
1621             exit(1);
1622         }
1623         optarg = argv[optind++];
1624         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1625     } else {
1626         optarg = NULL;
1627     }
1628 
1629     *poptarg = optarg;
1630     *poptind = optind;
1631 
1632     return popt;
1633 }
1634 
1635 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1636 {
1637     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1638     GSList *machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1639     MachineClass *machine_class;
1640     Error *local_err = NULL;
1641 
1642     if (machine_type) {
1643         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1644         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1645         if (!machine_class) {
1646             error_setg(&local_err, "unsupported machine type");
1647         }
1648     } else {
1649         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1650         if (!machine_class) {
1651             error_setg(&local_err, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1652         }
1653     }
1654 
1655     g_slist_free(machines);
1656     if (local_err) {
1657         error_append_hint(&local_err, "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1658         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1659     }
1660     return machine_class;
1661 }
1662 
1663 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1664                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1665                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1666 {
1667     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1668         return 0;
1669     }
1670 
1671     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1672         return -1;
1673     }
1674 
1675     return 0;
1676 }
1677 
1678 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1679 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1680 {
1681     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1682     char *p;
1683 
1684     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1685         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1686 
1687         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1688         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1689             continue;
1690         }
1691         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1692         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1693             if (*p == '_') {
1694                 *p = '-';
1695             }
1696         }
1697         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1698             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1699             return;
1700         }
1701         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1702         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1703         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1704     }
1705 }
1706 
1707 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1708 {
1709     const char *value;
1710     QObject *prop;
1711 
1712     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1713 
1714     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1715     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1716     if (value) {
1717         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1718         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1719     }
1720 
1721     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1722     if (value) {
1723         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1724                                    false);
1725         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1726     }
1727 
1728     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1729     if (value) {
1730         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1731                                    false);
1732         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1733     }
1734 
1735     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1736     if (value) {
1737         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1738                                    false);
1739         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1740                                    false);
1741         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1742     }
1743 
1744     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1745     if (value) {
1746         if (mem_path) {
1747             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1748                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1749             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1750         }
1751 
1752         /* Resolved later.  */
1753         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1754         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1755     }
1756 
1757     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1758     if (prop) {
1759         have_custom_ram_size =
1760             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1761             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1762     }
1763 }
1764 
1765 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1766 {
1767     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1768 
1769     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1770         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1771         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1772             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1773             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1774             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1775             g_free(opt);
1776         }
1777     }
1778 }
1779 
1780 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1781 {
1782     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1783     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1784     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1785 }
1786 
1787 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1788 {
1789     QemuOpts *opts;
1790     const char *type;
1791     Visitor *v;
1792 
1793     if (str[0] == '{') {
1794         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1795 
1796         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1797         qobject_unref(obj);
1798     } else {
1799         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1800                                        str, true);
1801         if (!opts) {
1802             exit(1);
1803         }
1804 
1805         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1806         if (!type) {
1807             error_setg(&error_fatal, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1808         }
1809         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1810             exit(0);
1811         }
1812 
1813         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1814     }
1815 
1816     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1817     visit_free(v);
1818 }
1819 
1820 /*
1821  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1822  */
1823 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1824 {
1825     /*
1826      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1827      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1828      */
1829 
1830     /*
1831      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1832      * affinity of threads.
1833      */
1834     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1835         return true;
1836     }
1837 
1838     return false;
1839 }
1840 
1841 /*
1842  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1843  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1844  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1845  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1846  * already existing.
1847  */
1848 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1849 {
1850     /*
1851      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1852      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1853      */
1854 
1855     /* Reason: already created. */
1856     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1857         return false;
1858     }
1859 
1860     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1861     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1862         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1863         return false;
1864     }
1865 
1866 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1867     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1868     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1869         return false;
1870     }
1871 #endif
1872 
1873     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1874     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1875         return false;
1876     }
1877     /*
1878      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1879      */
1880     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1881         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1882         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1883         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1884         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1885         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1886         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1887         return false;
1888     }
1889 
1890     /*
1891      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1892      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1893      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1894      * (e.g. libvirt).
1895      */
1896     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1897         return false;
1898     }
1899 
1900     return true;
1901 }
1902 
1903 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1904 {
1905     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1906 
1907     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1908         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1909         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1910     }
1911 
1912     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1913         replay_add_blocker("smp");
1914     }
1915 }
1916 
1917 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1918 {
1919     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1920 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1921     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1922 #else
1923     const bool use_sdl = false;
1924 #endif
1925 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1926     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1927 #else
1928     const bool use_gtk = false;
1929 #endif
1930 
1931     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1932         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1933                      "ignoring option");
1934     }
1935 
1936     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1937     qemu_console_early_init();
1938 
1939     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1940 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1941         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
1942 #else
1943         error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
1944 #endif
1945         exit(1);
1946     }
1947 
1948     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1949 
1950     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1951     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1952     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1953     qemu_spice.init();
1954 
1955     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1956                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1957 
1958 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1959     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1960                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1961 #endif
1962 
1963     /*
1964      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
1965      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
1966      */
1967     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
1968     audio_init_audiodevs();
1969     if (default_audio) {
1970         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
1971     }
1972 }
1973 
1974 
1975 /*
1976  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
1977  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
1978  */
1979 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
1980 {
1981     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
1982 }
1983 
1984 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
1985 {
1986     if (qtest_chrdev) {
1987         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
1988     }
1989 
1990     net_init_clients();
1991 
1992     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
1993 
1994     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
1995         exit(1);
1996     }
1997 
1998     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
1999                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2000 
2001     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
2002         exit(1);
2003     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
2004         exit(1);
2005     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
2006         exit(1);
2007 
2008     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2009     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2010 }
2011 
2012 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2013 {
2014     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2015         Object *backend;
2016         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2017 
2018         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2019                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2020         if (!backend) {
2021             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2022             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2023         }
2024         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2025             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2026             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2027         }
2028         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2029                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2030     }
2031 }
2032 
2033 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2034 {
2035     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2036     QDict *dict, *prop;
2037     const char *mem_str;
2038     Location loc;
2039 
2040     loc_push_none(&loc);
2041     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2042 
2043     prop = qdict_new();
2044 
2045     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2046         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2047         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2048         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2049             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2050             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2051         } else {
2052             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2053         }
2054     }
2055 
2056     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2057         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2058     }
2059     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2060         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2061     }
2062 
2063     dict = qdict_new();
2064     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2065     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2066     qobject_unref(dict);
2067     loc_pop(&loc);
2068 }
2069 
2070 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2071 {
2072     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2073     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2074 
2075     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2076     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2077                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2078     object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
2079                                             "/unattached"),
2080                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2081 
2082     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2083         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2084             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2085              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2086              */
2087             g_assert_not_reached();
2088         }
2089     }
2090 
2091     cpu_exec_init_all();
2092     page_size_init();
2093 
2094     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2095         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2096     }
2097 
2098     /*
2099      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2100      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2101      */
2102     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2103         QDict *default_opts =
2104             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2105                          &error_abort);
2106         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2107         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2108                                           false, &error_abort);
2109         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2110     }
2111 }
2112 
2113 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2114 {
2115     GlobalProperty *g;
2116 
2117     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2118     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2119     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2120     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2121     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2122     return 0;
2123 }
2124 
2125 /*
2126  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2127  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2128  */
2129 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2130 {
2131     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2132         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2133         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2134         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2135         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2136         return false;
2137     }
2138     return true;
2139 }
2140 
2141 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2142                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2143 {
2144     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2145         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2146         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2147         visit_free(v);
2148 
2149     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2150         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2151         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2152         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2153             audio_define(dev);
2154         }
2155         visit_free(v);
2156 
2157     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2158         /*
2159          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2160          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2161          */
2162         assert(!from_json);
2163         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2164     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2165         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2166     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2167         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2168     } else {
2169         abort();
2170     }
2171 }
2172 
2173 /*
2174  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2175  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2176  */
2177 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2178                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2179 {
2180     QObject *crumpled;
2181     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2182         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2183         return;
2184     }
2185 
2186     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2187     if (!crumpled) {
2188         return;
2189     }
2190     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2191     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2192         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2193         break;
2194     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2195         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2196         break;
2197     default:
2198         g_assert_not_reached();
2199     }
2200     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2201 }
2202 
2203 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2204 {
2205     ERRP_GUARD();
2206     int ret;
2207     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2208 
2209     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2210     if (ret < 0) {
2211         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2212             error_free(*errp);
2213             *errp = NULL;
2214         }
2215     }
2216 }
2217 
2218 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2219 {
2220     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2221     QemuOptsList *list;
2222     QemuOpts *opts;
2223     int rc, offset;
2224 
2225     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2226     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2227         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2228         return;
2229     }
2230 
2231     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2232         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2233     } else {
2234         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2235         if (list) {
2236             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2237             if (!opts) {
2238                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2239                 return;
2240             }
2241             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2242         }
2243     }
2244 }
2245 
2246 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2247 {
2248     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2249                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2250 }
2251 
2252 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2253 {
2254     icount_configure(opts, errp);
2255     return 0;
2256 }
2257 
2258 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2259                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2260                                 Error **errp)
2261 {
2262     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2263 }
2264 
2265 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2266 {
2267     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2268     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2269     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2270     AccelState *accel;
2271     int ret;
2272     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2273 
2274     if (!acc) {
2275         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2276         goto bad;
2277     }
2278 
2279     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2280 
2281     if (!ac) {
2282         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2283             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2284         }
2285         goto bad;
2286     }
2287     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2288     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2289     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2290                      accel,
2291                      &error_fatal);
2292     /*
2293      * If legacy -singlestep option is set, honour it for TCG and
2294      * silently ignore for any other accelerator (which is how this
2295      * option has always behaved).
2296      */
2297     if (opt_one_insn_per_tb) {
2298         /*
2299          * This will always succeed for TCG, and we want to ignore
2300          * the error from trying to set a nonexistent property
2301          * on any other accelerator.
2302          */
2303         object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(accel), "one-insn-per-tb", true, NULL);
2304     }
2305     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2306     if (ret < 0) {
2307         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2308             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2309         }
2310         goto bad;
2311     }
2312 
2313     return 1;
2314 
2315 bad:
2316     *p_init_failed = true;
2317     return 0;
2318 }
2319 
2320 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2321 {
2322     bool init_failed = false;
2323 
2324     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2325                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2326 
2327     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2328         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2329 
2330         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2331             /* Select the default accelerator */
2332             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2333             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2334 
2335             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2336                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2337                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2338                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2339                 } else {
2340                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2341                 }
2342             } else if (have_kvm) {
2343                 accelerators = "kvm";
2344             } else if (have_tcg) {
2345                 accelerators = "tcg";
2346             } else {
2347                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2348                              " no default accelerator available");
2349                 exit(1);
2350             }
2351         }
2352         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2353 
2354         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2355             /*
2356              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2357              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2358              */
2359             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2360                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2361             } else {
2362                 init_failed = true;
2363                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2364             }
2365         }
2366         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2367     } else {
2368         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2369             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2370             exit(1);
2371         }
2372     }
2373 
2374     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2375                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2376         if (!init_failed) {
2377             error_report("no accelerator found");
2378         }
2379         exit(1);
2380     }
2381 
2382     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2383         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2384     }
2385 
2386     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2387         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2388         exit(1);
2389     }
2390 }
2391 
2392 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2393 {
2394     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2395     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2396     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2397 
2398     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2399          if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2400               error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2401               exit(1);
2402           }
2403 
2404           if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2405               error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2406               exit(1);
2407           }
2408     }
2409 
2410     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2411         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2412                      "mutually exclusive");
2413         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2414     }
2415     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2416         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2417         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2418     }
2419 
2420 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2421     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2422         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2423         exit(1);
2424     }
2425 #endif
2426 }
2427 
2428 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2429 {
2430     if (mem_prealloc) {
2431         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2432         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2433             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2434             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2435                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2436                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2437                                            val, false);
2438             }
2439         }
2440         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2441     }
2442 }
2443 
2444 /* -action processing */
2445 
2446 /*
2447  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2448  */
2449 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2450 {
2451     Error *local_err = NULL;
2452     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2453     QObject *ret = NULL;
2454     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2455     qobject_unref(ret);
2456     qobject_unref(qdict);
2457     if (local_err) {
2458         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2459         return 1;
2460     }
2461     return 0;
2462 }
2463 
2464 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2465 {
2466     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2467                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2468 
2469     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2470 
2471 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2472     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2473     if (olist) {
2474         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2475     }
2476 #endif
2477 
2478     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2479                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2480         exit(1);
2481     }
2482 
2483 #ifndef _WIN32
2484     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2485                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2486 
2487     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2488                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2489 #endif
2490 
2491     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2492     {
2493         int mask = 0;
2494         if (log_mask) {
2495             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2496             if (!mask) {
2497                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2498                 exit(1);
2499             }
2500         }
2501         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2502     }
2503 
2504     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2505 }
2506 
2507 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2508 {
2509     /*
2510      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2511      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2512      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2513      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2514      */
2515     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2516         list_cpus();
2517         exit(0);
2518     }
2519 
2520     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2521                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2522         exit(0);
2523     }
2524 
2525     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2526     if (list_data_dirs) {
2527         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2528         exit(0);
2529     }
2530 }
2531 
2532 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2533 {
2534     Error *err = NULL;
2535 
2536     os_daemonize();
2537     rcu_disable_atfork();
2538 
2539     if (pid_file) {
2540         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2541 
2542         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2543             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2544             exit(1);
2545         }
2546 
2547         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2548         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2549             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2550                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2551                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2552             }
2553             return;
2554         }
2555 
2556         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2557             .notifier = {
2558                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2559             },
2560             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2561         };
2562         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2563     }
2564 }
2565 
2566 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2567 {
2568     DisplayState *ds;
2569 
2570     /* init local displays */
2571     ds = init_displaystate();
2572     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2573 
2574     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2575     os_setup_signal_handling();
2576 
2577     /* init remote displays */
2578 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2579     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2580                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2581 #endif
2582 
2583     if (using_spice) {
2584         qemu_spice.display_init();
2585     }
2586 }
2587 
2588 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2589 {
2590     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2591     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2592 
2593     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2594     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2595 
2596     drive_check_orphaned();
2597 
2598     realtime_init();
2599 }
2600 
2601 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2602 {
2603     DeviceOption *opt;
2604 
2605     soundhw_init();
2606 
2607     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2608                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2609 
2610     /* init USB devices */
2611     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2612         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
2613             exit(1);
2614     }
2615 
2616     /* init generic devices */
2617     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2618     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2619                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2620     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2621         DeviceState *dev;
2622         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2623         /*
2624          * TODO Eventually we should call qmp_device_add() here to make sure it
2625          * behaves the same, but QMP still has to accept incorrectly typed
2626          * options until libvirt is fixed and we want to be strict on the CLI
2627          * from the start, so call qdev_device_add_from_qdict() directly for
2628          * now.
2629          */
2630         dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(opt->opts, true, &error_fatal);
2631         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
2632         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2633     }
2634     rom_reset_order_override();
2635 }
2636 
2637 static void qemu_machine_creation_done(void)
2638 {
2639     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2640 
2641     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2642     drive_check_orphaned();
2643 
2644     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2645      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2646      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2647      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2648      * requested one
2649      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2650      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2651      */
2652     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2653         net_check_clients();
2654     }
2655 
2656     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2657 
2658     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2659 
2660     if (machine->cgs) {
2661         /*
2662          * Verify that Confidential Guest Support has actually been initialized
2663          */
2664         assert(machine->cgs->ready);
2665     }
2666 
2667     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
2668         exit(1);
2669     }
2670     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2671         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2672         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2673                     "type does not use that option; "
2674                     "No VGA device has been created");
2675     }
2676 }
2677 
2678 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2679 {
2680     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2681         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2682         return;
2683     }
2684 
2685     qemu_init_board();
2686     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2687     qemu_machine_creation_done();
2688 
2689     if (loadvm) {
2690         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2691     }
2692     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2693         replay_vmstate_init();
2694     }
2695 
2696     if (incoming) {
2697         Error *local_err = NULL;
2698         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2699             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, &local_err);
2700             if (local_err) {
2701                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2702                 exit(1);
2703             }
2704         }
2705     } else if (autostart) {
2706         qmp_cont(NULL);
2707     }
2708 }
2709 
2710 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2711 {
2712     QemuOpts *opts;
2713     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2714     QemuOptsList *olist;
2715     int optind;
2716     const char *optarg;
2717     MachineClass *machine_class;
2718     bool userconfig = true;
2719     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2720 
2721     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2722     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2723     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2724     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2725     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2726     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2727     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2728     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2729     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2730     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2731     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2732     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2733     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2734     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2735     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2736     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2737     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2738     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2739     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2740     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2741     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2742     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2743     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2744     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2745     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2746     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2747     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2748     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2749     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2750     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2751     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2752     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2753     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2754 
2755     error_init(argv[0]);
2756     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2757 
2758     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2759 
2760     qemu_init_subsystems();
2761 
2762     /* first pass of option parsing */
2763     optind = 1;
2764     while (optind < argc) {
2765         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2766             /* disk image */
2767             optind++;
2768         } else {
2769             const QEMUOption *popt;
2770 
2771             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2772             switch (popt->index) {
2773             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2774                 userconfig = false;
2775                 break;
2776             }
2777         }
2778     }
2779 
2780     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2781     if (userconfig) {
2782         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2783     }
2784 
2785     /* second pass of option parsing */
2786     optind = 1;
2787     for(;;) {
2788         if (optind >= argc)
2789             break;
2790         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2791             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2792             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2793         } else {
2794             const QEMUOption *popt;
2795 
2796             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2797             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2798                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2799                 exit(1);
2800             }
2801             switch(popt->index) {
2802             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2803                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2804                 cpu_option = optarg;
2805                 break;
2806             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2807             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2808             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2809             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2810                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2811                           HD_OPTS);
2812                 break;
2813             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2814                 {
2815                     Visitor *v;
2816                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2817 
2818                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2819                                                       &error_fatal);
2820 
2821                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2822                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2823                                                &error_fatal);
2824                     visit_free(v);
2825                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2826                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2827                     break;
2828                 }
2829             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2830                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2831                                                optarg, false);
2832                 if (opts == NULL) {
2833                     exit(1);
2834                 }
2835                 break;
2836             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2837                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2838                 break;
2839             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2840                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2841                     exit(1);
2842                 break;
2843             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2844                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2845                 break;
2846             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2847                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2848                 break;
2849             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2850                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2851                 break;
2852             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2853                 snapshot = 1;
2854                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2855                 break;
2856             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2857                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2858                                                optarg, true);
2859                 if (!opts) {
2860                     exit(1);
2861                 }
2862                 break;
2863             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2864                 parse_display(optarg);
2865                 break;
2866             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2867                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2868                 nographic = true;
2869                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2870                 break;
2871             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
2872                 graphic_rotate = 90;
2873                 break;
2874             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
2875                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
2876                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
2877                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
2878                     error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
2879                     exit(1);
2880                 }
2881                 break;
2882             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2883                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2884                 break;
2885             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2886                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2887                 break;
2888             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2889                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2890                 break;
2891             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2892                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2893                 break;
2894             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2895                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2896                 break;
2897             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2898                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2899                 break;
2900             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2901             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2902                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2903                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2904                 break;
2905             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2906                 fd_bootchk = 0;
2907                 break;
2908             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2909                 default_net = 0;
2910                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2911                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2912                 } else {
2913                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2914                 }
2915                 break;
2916             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2917                 default_net = 0;
2918                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2919                 break;
2920             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2921                 default_net = 0;
2922                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2923                 break;
2924 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2925             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2926                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2927                                                optarg, false);
2928                 if (!opts) {
2929                     exit(1);
2930                 }
2931                 break;
2932 #endif
2933             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2934                 default_audio = 0;
2935                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2936                 break;
2937             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2938                 bool help;
2939                 char *model = NULL;
2940                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2941                 Visitor *v;
2942                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2943                 default_audio = 0;
2944                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2945                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2946                     audio_help();
2947                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2948                 }
2949                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2950                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2951                 }
2952                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2953                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2954                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2955                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2956                         show_valid_soundhw();
2957                         exit(0);
2958                     }
2959                 }
2960                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2961                 qobject_unref(dict);
2962                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
2963                 visit_free(v);
2964                 if (model) {
2965                     audio_define(dev);
2966                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
2967                     g_free(model);
2968                 } else {
2969                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
2970                 }
2971                 break;
2972             }
2973             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
2974                 help(0);
2975                 break;
2976             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
2977                 version();
2978                 exit(0);
2979                 break;
2980             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
2981                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
2982                 if (opts == NULL) {
2983                     exit(1);
2984                 }
2985                 break;
2986 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
2987             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
2988                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
2989                     exit(1);
2990                 }
2991                 break;
2992 #endif
2993             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
2994                 mem_path = optarg;
2995                 break;
2996             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
2997                 mem_prealloc = 1;
2998                 break;
2999             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3000                 log_mask = optarg;
3001                 break;
3002             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3003                 log_file = optarg;
3004                 break;
3005             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3006                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3007                 break;
3008 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3009             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3010                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3011                 break;
3012             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3013                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3014                 break;
3015 #endif
3016             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3017                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3018                 break;
3019             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3020                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3021                 break;
3022             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3023                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3024                 break;
3025             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3026                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3027                     list_data_dirs = true;
3028                 } else {
3029                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3030                 }
3031                 break;
3032             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3033                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3034                 break;
3035             case QEMU_OPTION_singlestep:
3036                 opt_one_insn_per_tb = true;
3037                 break;
3038             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3039                 autostart = 0;
3040                 break;
3041             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3042                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3043                 break;
3044             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3045                 vga_model = optarg;
3046                 default_vga = 0;
3047                 break;
3048             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3049                 {
3050                     const char *p;
3051                     int w, h, depth;
3052                     p = optarg;
3053                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3054                     if (w <= 0) {
3055                     graphic_error:
3056                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3057                         exit(1);
3058                     }
3059                     if (*p != 'x')
3060                         goto graphic_error;
3061                     p++;
3062                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3063                     if (h <= 0)
3064                         goto graphic_error;
3065                     if (*p == 'x') {
3066                         p++;
3067                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3068                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3069                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3070                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3071                             goto graphic_error;
3072                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3073                         depth = graphic_depth;
3074                     } else {
3075                         goto graphic_error;
3076                     }
3077 
3078                     graphic_width = w;
3079                     graphic_height = h;
3080                     graphic_depth = depth;
3081                 }
3082                 break;
3083             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3084                 {
3085                     char *r;
3086                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3087                     if (r == optarg)
3088                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3089                     break;
3090                 }
3091             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3092                 default_monitor = 0;
3093                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3094                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3095                 }
3096                 break;
3097             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3098                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3099                 default_monitor = 0;
3100                 break;
3101             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3102                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3103                 default_monitor = 0;
3104                 break;
3105             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3106                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3107                                                true);
3108                 if (!opts) {
3109                     exit(1);
3110                 }
3111                 default_monitor = 0;
3112                 break;
3113             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3114                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3115                                                optarg, true);
3116                 if (!opts) {
3117                     exit(1);
3118                 }
3119                 break;
3120             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3121                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3122                 if (!olist) {
3123                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3124                     exit(1);
3125                 }
3126                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3127                 if (!opts) {
3128                     exit(1);
3129                 }
3130                 break;
3131             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3132                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3133                 QemuOpts *device;
3134                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3135                            *multidevs;
3136 
3137                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3138                 if (!olist) {
3139                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3140                     exit(1);
3141                 }
3142                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3143                 if (!opts) {
3144                     exit(1);
3145                 }
3146 
3147                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3148                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3149                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3150                     exit(1);
3151                 }
3152                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3153                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3154                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3155                                          1, NULL);
3156                 if (!fsdev) {
3157                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3158                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3159                     exit(1);
3160                 }
3161 
3162                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3163                 if (writeout) {
3164 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3165                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3166 #else
3167                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3168                                  "on this platform");
3169                     exit(1);
3170 #endif
3171                 }
3172                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3173                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3174                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3175                 if (path) {
3176                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3177                 }
3178                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3179                 if (security_model) {
3180                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3181                                  &error_abort);
3182                 }
3183                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3184                 if (socket) {
3185                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3186                 }
3187                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3188                 if (sock_fd) {
3189                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3190                 }
3191 
3192                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3193                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3194                                   &error_abort);
3195                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3196                 if (multidevs) {
3197                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3198                 }
3199                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3200                                           &error_abort);
3201                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3202                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3203                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3204                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3205                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3206                 break;
3207             }
3208             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3209                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3210                 default_serial = 0;
3211                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3212                     default_monitor = 0;
3213                 }
3214                 break;
3215             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3216                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3217                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3218                      exit(1);
3219                 }
3220                 break;
3221             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3222                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3223                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3224                 break;
3225             }
3226             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3227                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3228                 default_parallel = 0;
3229                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3230                     default_monitor = 0;
3231                 }
3232                 break;
3233             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3234                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3235                 break;
3236             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3237                 loadvm = optarg;
3238                 break;
3239             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3240                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3241                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3242                 break;
3243             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3244                 pid_file = optarg;
3245                 break;
3246             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3247                 win2k_install_hack = 1;
3248                 break;
3249             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3250                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3251                                                optarg, true);
3252                 if (!opts) {
3253                     exit(1);
3254                 }
3255                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3256                 break;
3257             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3258                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3259                                                optarg, false);
3260                 if (!opts) {
3261                     exit(1);
3262                 }
3263                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3264                 break;
3265             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3266                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3267                                                optarg, true);
3268                 if (opts == NULL) {
3269                     exit(1);
3270                 }
3271                 break;
3272             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3273                 preconfig_requested = true;
3274                 break;
3275             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3276                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3277                 break;
3278             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3279             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3280                 {
3281                     bool help;
3282 
3283                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3284                     if (help) {
3285                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3286                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3287                     }
3288                     break;
3289                 }
3290             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3291                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3292                                                      optarg, true);
3293                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3294                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3295                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3296                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3297                                                                     false);
3298                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3299                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3300                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3301                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3302                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3303                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3304                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3305                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3306                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3307                             g_strfreev(optname);
3308                         }
3309                         g_free(typename);
3310                     }
3311                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3312                     exit(0);
3313                 }
3314                 break;
3315             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3316                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3317                 break;
3318             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3319                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3320                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3321                 break;
3322             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3323                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3324                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3325                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3326                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3327                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3328                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3329                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3330                 } else {
3331                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3332                                                  optarg, true)) {
3333                         exit(1);
3334                     }
3335                 }
3336                 break;
3337             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3338                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3339                                            "smp", optarg);
3340                 break;
3341             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3342                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3343                 break;
3344             case QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi:
3345                 warn_report("-no-acpi is deprecated, use '-machine acpi=off' instead");
3346                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "acpi", "off");
3347                 break;
3348             case QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet:
3349                 warn_report("-no-hpet is deprecated, use '-machine hpet=off' instead");
3350                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "hpet", "off");
3351                 break;
3352             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3353                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3354                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3355                 break;
3356             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3357                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3358                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3359                 break;
3360             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3361                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3362                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3363                     exit(1);
3364                 }
3365                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3366                 break;
3367             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3368                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3369                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3370                     exit(1);
3371                 }
3372                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3373                                                optarg, true);
3374                 if (!opts) {
3375                     exit(1);
3376                 }
3377                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3378                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3379                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3380                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3381                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3382                     exit(1);
3383                 }
3384                 nb_option_roms++;
3385                 break;
3386             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3387                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3388                 break;
3389             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3390                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3391                     exit(1);
3392                 }
3393                 break;
3394             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3395                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3396                                                optarg, true);
3397                 if (!opts) {
3398                     exit(1);
3399                 }
3400                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3401                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3402                 break;
3403             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3404                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3405                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3406                     exit(1);
3407                 }
3408                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3409                 nb_prom_envs++;
3410                 break;
3411             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3412                 old_param = 1;
3413                 break;
3414             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3415                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3416                                                false);
3417                 if (!opts) {
3418                     exit(1);
3419                 }
3420                 break;
3421             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3422                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3423                                                       optarg, true);
3424                 if (!icount_opts) {
3425                     exit(1);
3426                 }
3427                 break;
3428             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3429                 if (!incoming) {
3430                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3431                 }
3432                 incoming = optarg;
3433                 break;
3434             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3435                 only_migratable = 1;
3436                 break;
3437             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3438                 has_defaults = 0;
3439                 break;
3440             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3441                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3442                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3443                     exit(1);
3444                 }
3445                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3446                 break;
3447             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3448                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3449                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3450                     exit(1);
3451                 }
3452                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3453                 break;
3454             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3455                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3456                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3457                     exit(1);
3458                 }
3459                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3460                 break;
3461             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3462                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3463                 break;
3464             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3465                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3466                 break;
3467             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3468                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3469                 break;
3470 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3471             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3472                 olist = qemu_find_opts_err("spice", NULL);
3473                 if (!olist) {
3474                     error_report("spice support is disabled");
3475                     exit(1);
3476                 }
3477                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false);
3478                 if (!opts) {
3479                     exit(1);
3480                 }
3481                 display_remote++;
3482                 break;
3483 #endif
3484             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3485                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3486                 break;
3487             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3488                 qtest_log = optarg;
3489                 break;
3490             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3491                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3492                 if (!olist) {
3493 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3494                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3495                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3496 #endif
3497                     exit(1);
3498                 }
3499 
3500                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3501                 if (!opts) {
3502                     exit(1);
3503                 }
3504                 break;
3505             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3506 #ifndef _WIN32
3507                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3508                                                optarg, false);
3509                 if (!opts) {
3510                     exit(1);
3511                 }
3512 #else
3513                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3514                              "platform");
3515                 exit(1);
3516 #endif
3517                 break;
3518             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3519                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3520                 break;
3521             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3522                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3523                                                optarg, false);
3524                 if (!opts) {
3525                     exit(1);
3526                 }
3527                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", false);
3528                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", false);
3529                 break;
3530             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3531                 {
3532                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3533                     Visitor *v;
3534 
3535                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3536                                                       &error_fatal);
3537 
3538                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3539                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3540 
3541                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3542                     visit_free(v);
3543                     break;
3544                 }
3545             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3546                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3547                                                false);
3548                 if (!opts) {
3549                     exit(1);
3550                 }
3551                 configure_msg(opts);
3552                 break;
3553             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3554                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3555                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3556                                  "option may be given");
3557                     exit(1);
3558                 }
3559                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3560                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3561                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3562                     exit(1);
3563                 }
3564                 break;
3565             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3566                 qsp_enable();
3567                 break;
3568             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3569                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3570                 break;
3571 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3572             case QEMU_OPTION_runas:
3573                 if (!os_set_runas(optarg)) {
3574                     error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3575                                  " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3576                                  optarg);
3577                     exit(1);
3578                 }
3579                 break;
3580             case QEMU_OPTION_chroot:
3581                 warn_report("option is deprecated,"
3582                             " use '-run-with chroot=...' instead");
3583                 os_set_chroot(optarg);
3584                 break;
3585             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3586                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3587                 break;
3588 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3589             /* deprecated */
3590             case QEMU_OPTION_asyncteardown:
3591                 init_async_teardown();
3592                 break;
3593 #endif
3594             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3595                 const char *str;
3596                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3597                                                          optarg, false);
3598                 if (!opts) {
3599                     exit(1);
3600                 }
3601 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3602                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3603                     init_async_teardown();
3604                 }
3605 #endif
3606                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3607                 if (str) {
3608                     os_set_chroot(str);
3609                 }
3610                 break;
3611             }
3612 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3613 
3614             default:
3615                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3616                 exit(1);
3617             }
3618         }
3619     }
3620     /*
3621      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3622      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3623      */
3624     loc_set_none();
3625 
3626     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3627     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3628 
3629     /*
3630      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3631      * before daemonizing.
3632      */
3633     qemu_process_early_options();
3634 
3635     qemu_process_help_options();
3636     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3637 
3638     /*
3639      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3640      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3641      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3642      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3643      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3644      * process will be left in the host.
3645      */
3646     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3647         exit(1);
3648     }
3649     trace_init_file();
3650 
3651     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3652     cpu_timers_init();
3653 
3654     user_register_global_props();
3655     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3656 
3657     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3658 
3659     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3660     parse_memory_options();
3661 
3662     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3663 
3664     suspend_mux_open();
3665 
3666     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3667     qemu_create_default_devices();
3668     qemu_create_early_backends();
3669 
3670     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3671     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3672     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3673     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3674 
3675     /*
3676      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3677      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3678      */
3679     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3680     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3681 
3682     /*
3683      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3684      * compat properties.
3685      *
3686      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3687      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3688      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3689      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3690      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3691      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3692      *
3693      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3694      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3695      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3696      */
3697 
3698     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3699     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3700         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3701                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3702     }
3703 
3704     /*
3705      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3706      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3707      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3708      */
3709     qemu_create_late_backends();
3710 
3711     /*
3712      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3713      * compat properties have been set up.
3714      */
3715     migration_object_init();
3716 
3717     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3718     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class->default_cpu_type;
3719     if (cpu_option) {
3720         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3721     }
3722     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3723 
3724     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3725     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3726 
3727     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3728         /* dump and exit */
3729         module_load_qom_all();
3730         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3731         exit(0);
3732     }
3733 
3734     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3735         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3736     }
3737     qemu_init_displays();
3738     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3739     os_setup_post();
3740     resume_mux_open();
3741 }
3742