xref: /openbmc/qemu/system/vl.c (revision 7c08eefc)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
44 #include "sysemu/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
46 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
47 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
68 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
69 #include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "gdbstub/enums.h"
72 #include "qemu/timer.h"
73 #include "chardev/char.h"
74 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
75 #include "qemu/log.h"
76 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
77 #include "hw/block/block.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
79 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
80 #include "migration/misc.h"
81 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
82 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
83 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
84 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
85 #include "audio/audio.h"
86 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
87 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
88 #include "migration/colo.h"
89 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
90 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
91 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
92 #include "qemu/option.h"
93 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
94 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
95 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
96 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
97 #endif
98 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
99 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
100 #include "tcg/perf.h"
101 #endif
102 
103 #include "disas/disas.h"
104 
105 #include "trace.h"
106 #include "trace/control.h"
107 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
108 #include "qemu/queue.h"
109 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
110 #include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
111 
112 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
113 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
115 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
116 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
117 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
118 #include "crypto/init.h"
119 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
131 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
132 #include "block/qdict.h"
133 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
134 #include "sysemu/iothread.h"
135 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
136 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
137 
138 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
139 
140 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
141     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
142     Location loc;
143     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
144 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
145 
146 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
147 
148 typedef struct ObjectOption {
149     ObjectOptions *opts;
150     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
151 } ObjectOption;
152 
153 typedef struct DeviceOption {
154     QDict *opts;
155     Location loc;
156     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
157 } DeviceOption;
158 
159 static const char *cpu_option;
160 static const char *mem_path;
161 static const char *incoming;
162 static const char *loadvm;
163 static const char *accelerators;
164 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
165 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
166 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
168 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
169 static int display_remote;
170 static int snapshot;
171 static bool preconfig_requested;
172 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
173 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
174 static bool nographic = false;
175 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
176 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
177 static DisplayOptions dpy;
178 static int num_serial_hds;
179 static Chardev **serial_hds;
180 static const char *log_mask;
181 static const char *log_file;
182 static bool list_data_dirs;
183 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
184 static const char *qtest_log;
185 
186 static int has_defaults = 1;
187 static int default_audio = 1;
188 static int default_serial = 1;
189 static int default_parallel = 1;
190 static int default_monitor = 1;
191 static int default_floppy = 1;
192 static int default_cdrom = 1;
193 static int default_sdcard = 1;
194 static int default_vga = 1;
195 static int default_net = 1;
196 
197 static const struct {
198     const char *driver;
199     int *flag;
200 } default_list[] = {
201     { .driver = "xen-console",          .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
203     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
204     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
206     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
210     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
220     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
221 };
222 
223 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
224     .name = "rtc",
225     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
226     .merge_lists = true,
227     .desc = {
228         {
229             .name = "base",
230             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
231         },{
232             .name = "clock",
233             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
234         },{
235             .name = "driftfix",
236             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
237         },
238         { /* end of list */ }
239     },
240 };
241 
242 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
243     .name = "option-rom",
244     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
245     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
246     .desc = {
247         {
248             .name = "bootindex",
249             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
250         }, {
251             .name = "romfile",
252             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
253         },
254         { /* end of list */ }
255     },
256 };
257 
258 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
259     .name = "accel",
260     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
261     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
262     .desc = {
263         /*
264          * no elements => accept any
265          * sanity checking will happen later
266          * when setting accelerator properties
267          */
268         { }
269     },
270 };
271 
272 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
273     .name = "boot-opts",
274     .implied_opt_name = "order",
275     .merge_lists = true,
276     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
277     .desc = {
278         {
279             .name = "order",
280             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
281         }, {
282             .name = "once",
283             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
284         }, {
285             .name = "menu",
286             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
287         }, {
288             .name = "splash",
289             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
290         }, {
291             .name = "splash-time",
292             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
293         }, {
294             .name = "reboot-timeout",
295             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
296         }, {
297             .name = "strict",
298             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
299         },
300         { /*End of list */ }
301     },
302 };
303 
304 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
305     .name = "add-fd",
306     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
307     .desc = {
308         {
309             .name = "fd",
310             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
311             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
312         },{
313             .name = "set",
314             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
315             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
316         },{
317             .name = "opaque",
318             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
319             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
320         },
321         { /* end of list */ }
322     },
323 };
324 
325 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
326     .name = "object",
327     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
328     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
329     .desc = {
330         { }
331     },
332 };
333 
334 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
335     .name = "tpmdev",
336     .implied_opt_name = "type",
337     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
338     .desc = {
339         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
340         { /* end of list */ }
341     },
342 };
343 
344 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
345     .name = "overcommit",
346     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
347     .desc = {
348         {
349             .name = "mem-lock",
350             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
351         },
352         {
353             .name = "cpu-pm",
354             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
355         },
356         { /* end of list */ }
357     },
358 };
359 
360 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
361     .name = "msg",
362     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
363     .desc = {
364         {
365             .name = "timestamp",
366             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
367         },
368         {
369             .name = "guest-name",
370             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
371             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
372                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
373         },
374         { /* end of list */ }
375     },
376 };
377 
378 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
379     .name = "name",
380     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
381     .merge_lists = true,
382     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
383     .desc = {
384         {
385             .name = "guest",
386             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
387             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
388                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
389                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
390         }, {
391             .name = "process",
392             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
393             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
394         }, {
395             .name = "debug-threads",
396             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
397             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
398                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
399                     "stable API.",
400         },
401         { /* End of list */ }
402     },
403 };
404 
405 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
406     .name = "memory",
407     .implied_opt_name = "size",
408     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
409     .merge_lists = true,
410     .desc = {
411         {
412             .name = "size",
413             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
414         },
415         {
416             .name = "slots",
417             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
418         },
419         {
420             .name = "maxmem",
421             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
422         },
423         { /* end of list */ }
424     },
425 };
426 
427 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
428     .name = "icount",
429     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
430     .merge_lists = true,
431     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
432     .desc = {
433         {
434             .name = "shift",
435             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
436         }, {
437             .name = "align",
438             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
439         }, {
440             .name = "sleep",
441             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
442         }, {
443             .name = "rr",
444             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
445         }, {
446             .name = "rrfile",
447             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
448         }, {
449             .name = "rrsnapshot",
450             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
451         },
452         { /* end of list */ }
453     },
454 };
455 
456 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
457     .name = "fw_cfg",
458     .implied_opt_name = "name",
459     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
460     .desc = {
461         {
462             .name = "name",
463             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
464             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
465         }, {
466             .name = "file",
467             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
468             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
469                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
470         }, {
471             .name = "string",
472             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
473             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
474         }, {
475             .name = "gen_id",
476             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
477             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
478                     "to be inserted",
479         },
480         { /* end of list */ }
481     },
482 };
483 
484 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
485     .name = "action",
486     .merge_lists = true,
487     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
488     .desc = {
489         {
490             .name = "shutdown",
491             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
492         },{
493             .name = "reboot",
494             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
495         },{
496             .name = "panic",
497             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
498         },{
499             .name = "watchdog",
500             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
501         },
502         { /* end of list */ }
503     },
504 };
505 
506 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
507 {
508     return qemu_name;
509 }
510 
511 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
512 {
513     int i;
514 
515     if (!driver) {
516         return;
517     }
518 
519     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
520         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
521             continue;
522         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
523     }
524 }
525 
526 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
527 {
528     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
529 
530     default_driver_disable(driver);
531     return 0;
532 }
533 
534 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
535 {
536     DeviceOption *opt;
537 
538     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
539         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
540         default_driver_disable(driver);
541     }
542 }
543 
544 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
545 {
546     const char *proc_name;
547 
548     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
549         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
550     }
551     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
552 
553     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
554     if (proc_name) {
555         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
556     }
557 
558     return 0;
559 }
560 
561 bool defaults_enabled(void)
562 {
563     return has_defaults;
564 }
565 
566 #ifndef _WIN32
567 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
568 {
569     int fd, dupfd, flags;
570     int64_t fdset_id;
571     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
572     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
573 
574     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
575     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
576     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
577 
578     if (fd < 0) {
579         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
580         return -1;
581     }
582 
583     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
584         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
585         return -1;
586     }
587 
588     /*
589      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
590      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
591      */
592     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
593     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
594         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
595         return -1;
596     }
597 
598     if (fdset_id < 0) {
599         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
600         return -1;
601     }
602 
603 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
604     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
605 #else
606     dupfd = dup(fd);
607     if (dupfd != -1) {
608         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
609     }
610 #endif
611     if (dupfd == -1) {
612         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
613         return -1;
614     }
615 
616     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
617     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
618                                   &error_abort);
619     g_free(fdinfo);
620 
621     return 0;
622 }
623 
624 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
625 {
626     int fd;
627 
628     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
629     close(fd);
630 
631     return 0;
632 }
633 #endif
634 
635 /***********************************************************/
636 /* QEMU Block devices */
637 
638 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
639 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
640 #define FD_OPTS ""
641 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
642 #define MTD_OPTS ""
643 #define SD_OPTS ""
644 
645 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
646 {
647     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
648 
649     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
650 }
651 
652 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
653 {
654     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
655         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
656     }
657     return 0;
658 }
659 
660 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
661                           int index, const char *optstr)
662 {
663     QemuOpts *opts;
664     DriveInfo *dinfo;
665 
666     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
667         return;
668     }
669 
670     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
671     if (snapshot) {
672         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
673     }
674 
675     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
676     dinfo->is_default = true;
677 
678 }
679 
680 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
681                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
682 {
683     /*
684      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
685      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
686      * now.
687      */
688     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
689         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
690                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
691     }
692 
693     /* open the virtual block devices */
694     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
695         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
696 
697         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
698         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
699         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
700         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
701         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
702         g_free(bdo);
703     }
704     if (snapshot) {
705         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
706                           NULL, NULL);
707     }
708     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
709                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
710         /* We printed help */
711         exit(0);
712     }
713 
714     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
715                   CDROM_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
717     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
718 
719 }
720 
721 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
722     .name = "smp-opts",
723     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
724     .merge_lists = true,
725     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
726     .desc = {
727         {
728             .name = "cpus",
729             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
730         }, {
731             .name = "drawers",
732             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
733         }, {
734             .name = "books",
735             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
736         }, {
737             .name = "sockets",
738             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
739         }, {
740             .name = "dies",
741             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
742         }, {
743             .name = "clusters",
744             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
745         }, {
746             .name = "modules",
747             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
748         }, {
749             .name = "cores",
750             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
751         }, {
752             .name = "threads",
753             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
754         }, {
755             .name = "maxcpus",
756             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
757         },
758         { /*End of list */ }
759     },
760 };
761 
762 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
763 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
764     .name = "run-with",
765     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
766     .desc = {
767 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
768         {
769             .name = "async-teardown",
770             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
771         },
772 #endif
773         {
774             .name = "chroot",
775             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
776         },
777         {
778             .name = "user",
779             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
780         },
781         { /* end of list */ }
782     },
783 };
784 
785 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
786 
787 #else
788 
789 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
790 
791 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
792 
793 static void realtime_init(void)
794 {
795     if (enable_mlock) {
796         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
797             error_report("locking memory failed");
798             exit(1);
799         }
800     }
801 }
802 
803 
804 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
805 {
806     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
807     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
808 }
809 
810 
811 /***********************************************************/
812 /* USB devices */
813 
814 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
815 {
816     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
817 
818     if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
819         return -1;
820     }
821 
822     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
823     if (!dev)
824         return -1;
825 
826     return 0;
827 }
828 
829 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
830 {
831     int r;
832     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
833     if (r < 0) {
834         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
835     }
836     return r;
837 }
838 
839 /***********************************************************/
840 /* machine registration */
841 
842 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
843 {
844     GSList *el;
845 
846     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
847         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
848 
849         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
850             return mc;
851         }
852     }
853 
854     return NULL;
855 }
856 
857 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
858 {
859     GSList *el;
860     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
861 
862     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
863         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
864 
865         if (mc->is_default) {
866             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
867             default_machineclass = mc;
868         }
869     }
870 
871     return default_machineclass;
872 }
873 
874 static void version(void)
875 {
876     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
877            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
878 }
879 
880 static void help(int exitcode)
881 {
882     version();
883     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
884            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
885             g_get_prgname());
886 
887 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
888     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
889         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
890 
891 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
892     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
893         puts(stringify(text));
894 
895 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
896 
897 #include "qemu-options.def"
898 
899     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
900            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
901            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
902            "ctrl-alt-g      toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
903            "\n"
904            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
905            "\n"
906            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
907 
908     exit(exitcode);
909 }
910 
911 enum {
912 
913 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
914     opt_enum,
915 #define DEFHEADING(text)
916 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
917 
918 #include "qemu-options.def"
919 };
920 
921 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
922 
923 typedef struct QEMUOption {
924     const char *name;
925     int flags;
926     int index;
927     uint32_t arch_mask;
928 } QEMUOption;
929 
930 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
931     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
932 
933 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
934     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
935 #define DEFHEADING(text)
936 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
937 
938 #include "qemu-options.def"
939     { /* end of list */ }
940 };
941 
942 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
943     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
944     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
945     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
946      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
947     const char *class_names[2];
948 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
949 
950 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
951     [VGA_NONE] = {
952         .opt_name = "none",
953         .name = "no graphic card",
954     },
955     [VGA_STD] = {
956         .opt_name = "std",
957         .name = "standard VGA",
958         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
959     },
960     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
961         .opt_name = "cirrus",
962         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
963         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
964     },
965     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
966         .opt_name = "vmware",
967         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
968         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
969     },
970     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
971         .opt_name = "virtio",
972         .name = "Virtio VGA",
973         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
974     },
975     [VGA_QXL] = {
976         .opt_name = "qxl",
977         .name = "QXL VGA",
978         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
979     },
980     [VGA_TCX] = {
981         .opt_name = "tcx",
982         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
983         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
984     },
985     [VGA_CG3] = {
986         .opt_name = "cg3",
987         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
988         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
989     },
990 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
991     [VGA_XENFB] = {
992         .opt_name = "xenfb",
993         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
994     },
995 #endif
996 };
997 
998 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
999 {
1000     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1001 
1002     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
1003     return !ti->class_names[0] ||
1004            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
1005            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
1006 }
1007 
1008 static const char *
1009 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
1010 {
1011     if (machine_class->default_display) {
1012         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1013             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1014 
1015             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1016                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1017                 return machine_class->default_display;
1018             }
1019         }
1020 
1021         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1022                          machine_class->default_display);
1023         return NULL;
1024     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1025         return "cirrus";
1026     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1027         return "std";
1028     }
1029 
1030     return NULL;
1031 }
1032 
1033 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1034 {
1035     const char *opts;
1036     int t;
1037 
1038     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1039         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1040 
1041         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1042             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1043 
1044             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1045                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1046                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1047                         " (default)" : "");
1048             }
1049         }
1050         exit(0);
1051     }
1052 
1053     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1054     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1055         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1056         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1057             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1058                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1059                 exit(1);
1060             }
1061             vga_interface_type = t;
1062             break;
1063         }
1064     }
1065     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1066     invalid_vga:
1067         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1068         exit(1);
1069     }
1070     while (*opts) {
1071         const char *nextopt;
1072 
1073         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1074             opts = nextopt;
1075             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1076                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1077             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1078                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1079             else goto invalid_vga;
1080         } else goto invalid_vga;
1081         opts = nextopt;
1082     }
1083 }
1084 
1085 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1086 {
1087     DisplayOptions *opts;
1088     Visitor *v;
1089 
1090     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1091 
1092     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1093     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1094 
1095     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1096     visit_free(v);
1097 }
1098 
1099 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1100 {
1101     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1102 }
1103 
1104 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1105 {
1106     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1107         qemu_display_help();
1108         exit(0);
1109     }
1110 
1111 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
1112     const char *opts;
1113 
1114     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1115         /*
1116          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1117          * display access.
1118          */
1119         if (*opts == '=') {
1120             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1121             display_remote++;
1122         } else {
1123             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1124             exit(1);
1125         }
1126         return;
1127     }
1128 #endif
1129 
1130     parse_display_qapi(p);
1131 }
1132 
1133 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1134 {
1135     return str && *str;
1136 }
1137 
1138 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1139 {
1140     gchar *buf;
1141     size_t size;
1142     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1143     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1144 
1145     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1146         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1147         return -1;
1148     }
1149     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1150     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1151     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1152     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1153 
1154     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1155     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1156         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1157         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1158                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1159         return -1;
1160     }
1161     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1162         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1163                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1164         return -1;
1165     }
1166     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1167         /*
1168          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1169          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1170          * so do not emit a warning.
1171          */
1172     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1173         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1174                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1175     }
1176     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1177         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1178         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1179     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1180         if (!fw_cfg_add_from_generator(fw_cfg, name, gen_id, errp)) {
1181             return -1;
1182         }
1183         return 0;
1184     } else {
1185         GError *err = NULL;
1186         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1187             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1188             g_error_free(err);
1189             return -1;
1190         }
1191     }
1192     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1193     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1194     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1195     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1196     return 0;
1197 }
1198 
1199 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1200 {
1201     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1202 }
1203 
1204 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1205 {
1206     DeviceState *dev;
1207 
1208     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1209     if (!dev && *errp) {
1210         error_report_err(*errp);
1211         return -1;
1212     } else if (dev) {
1213         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1214     }
1215     return 0;
1216 }
1217 
1218 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1219 {
1220     Error *local_err = NULL;
1221 
1222     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1223         if (local_err) {
1224             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1225             return -1;
1226         }
1227         exit(0);
1228     }
1229     return 0;
1230 }
1231 
1232 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1233 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1234 {
1235     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1236 }
1237 #endif
1238 
1239 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1240 {
1241     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1242 }
1243 
1244 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1245 {
1246     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1247     QemuOpts *opts;
1248     const char *p;
1249     char label[32];
1250 
1251     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1252         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1253     } else {
1254         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1255                  monitor_device_index);
1256         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1257         if (!opts) {
1258             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1259             exit(1);
1260         }
1261     }
1262 
1263     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1264     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1265     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1266     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1267         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1268     } else {
1269         assert(pretty == false);
1270     }
1271     monitor_device_index++;
1272 }
1273 
1274 struct device_config {
1275     enum {
1276         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1277         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1278         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1279         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1280         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1281         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1282     } type;
1283     const char *cmdline;
1284     Location loc;
1285     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1286 };
1287 
1288 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1289     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1290 
1291 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1292 {
1293     struct device_config *conf;
1294 
1295     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1296     conf->type = type;
1297     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1298     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1299     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1300 }
1301 
1302 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
1303 {
1304     struct device_config *conf;
1305     int rc;
1306 
1307     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1308         if (conf->type != type)
1309             continue;
1310         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1311         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
1312         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1313         if (rc) {
1314             return rc;
1315         }
1316     }
1317     return 0;
1318 }
1319 
1320 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1321 {
1322     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1323 
1324     default_driver_check_json();
1325     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1326                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1327     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1328                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1329 
1330     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1331         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1332         vga_interface_created = true;
1333     }
1334     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1335         default_serial = 0;
1336     }
1337     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1338         default_parallel = 0;
1339     }
1340     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1341         default_floppy = 0;
1342     }
1343     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1344         default_cdrom = 0;
1345     }
1346     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1347         default_sdcard = 0;
1348     }
1349     if (!has_defaults) {
1350         default_audio = 0;
1351         default_monitor = 0;
1352         default_net = 0;
1353         default_vga = 0;
1354     } else {
1355         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1356             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1357             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1358                         machine_class->default_nic);
1359             default_net = 0;
1360         }
1361     }
1362 }
1363 
1364 static void qemu_setup_display(void)
1365 {
1366     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1367         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1368             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1369 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1370             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1371             display_remote++;
1372 #endif
1373         }
1374     }
1375     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1376         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1377     }
1378 
1379     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1380 }
1381 
1382 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1383 {
1384     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1385     const char *vc = qemu_display_get_vc(&dpy);
1386 
1387     if (is_daemonized()) {
1388         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1389          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1390          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1391          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1392          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1393          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1394          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1395          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1396          */
1397         if (nographic
1398             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1399             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1400             exit(1);
1401         }
1402     }
1403 
1404     if (nographic) {
1405         if (default_parallel) {
1406             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1407         }
1408         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1409             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1410         } else {
1411             if (default_serial) {
1412                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1413             }
1414             if (default_monitor) {
1415                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1416             }
1417         }
1418     } else {
1419         if (default_serial) {
1420             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, vc ?: "null");
1421         }
1422         if (default_parallel) {
1423             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, vc ?: "null");
1424         }
1425         if (default_monitor && vc) {
1426             monitor_parse(vc, "readline", false);
1427         }
1428     }
1429 
1430     if (default_net) {
1431         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1432         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1433 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1434         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1435 #endif
1436     }
1437 
1438     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1439     if (default_vga) {
1440         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1441     }
1442     if (vga_model) {
1443         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1444     }
1445 }
1446 
1447 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
1448 {
1449     int index = num_serial_hds;
1450 
1451     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1452 
1453     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0) {
1454         /* Don't allocate a serial device for this index */
1455         serial_hds[index] = NULL;
1456     } else {
1457         char label[32];
1458         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1459 
1460         serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1461         if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1462             error_report("could not connect serial device"
1463                          " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1464             return -1;
1465         }
1466     }
1467     num_serial_hds++;
1468     return 0;
1469 }
1470 
1471 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1472 {
1473     assert(i >= 0);
1474     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1475         return serial_hds[i];
1476     }
1477     return NULL;
1478 }
1479 
1480 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
1481 {
1482     static int index = 0;
1483     char label[32];
1484 
1485     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1486         return 0;
1487     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1488         error_report("too many parallel ports");
1489         exit(1);
1490     }
1491     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1492     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1493     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1494         error_report("could not connect parallel device"
1495                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1496         return -1;
1497     }
1498     index++;
1499     return 0;
1500 }
1501 
1502 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
1503 {
1504     QemuOpts *opts;
1505 
1506     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1507         error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1508         exit(1);
1509     }
1510     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1511     if (!opts) {
1512         error_report("already have a debugcon device");
1513         exit(1);
1514     }
1515     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1516     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1517     return 0;
1518 }
1519 
1520 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1521 {
1522     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1523     int res;
1524 
1525     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1526         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1527             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1528              * in increasing order.
1529              */
1530             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1531                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1532         }
1533 
1534         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1535         return 1;
1536     }
1537 
1538     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1539         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1540         return -1;
1541     }
1542 
1543     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1544     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1545     if (res != 0) {
1546         return res;
1547     }
1548 
1549     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1550     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1551                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1552 }
1553 
1554 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1555 {
1556     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = NULL;
1557     GSList *el;
1558     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1559 
1560     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1561     if (type) {
1562         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1563         if (machine_class) {
1564             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1565             return;
1566         }
1567     }
1568 
1569     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1570     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1571     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1572         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1573         if (mc->alias) {
1574             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1575         }
1576         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1577                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1578                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1579     }
1580 }
1581 
1582 static void
1583 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1584 {
1585     QDict *opts;
1586 
1587     opts = qdict_new();
1588     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1589     qobject_ref(prop);
1590     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1591     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1592     qobject_unref(opts);
1593 }
1594 
1595 static void
1596 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1597                            const char *arg)
1598 {
1599     QDict *prop = NULL;
1600     bool help = false;
1601 
1602     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1603     if (help) {
1604         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1605         exit(0);
1606     }
1607     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1608     qobject_unref(prop);
1609 }
1610 
1611 static const char *pid_file;
1612 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1613     Notifier notifier;
1614     char *pid_file_realpath;
1615 };
1616 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1617 
1618 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1619 {
1620     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1621 
1622     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1623     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1624 }
1625 
1626 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1627                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1628 {
1629     const QEMUOption *popt;
1630     int optind = *poptind;
1631     char *r = argv[optind];
1632     const char *optarg;
1633 
1634     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1635     optind++;
1636     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1637     if (r[1] == '-')
1638         r++;
1639     popt = qemu_options;
1640     for(;;) {
1641         if (!popt->name) {
1642             error_report("invalid option");
1643             exit(1);
1644         }
1645         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1646             break;
1647         popt++;
1648     }
1649     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1650         if (optind >= argc) {
1651             error_report("requires an argument");
1652             exit(1);
1653         }
1654         optarg = argv[optind++];
1655         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1656     } else {
1657         optarg = NULL;
1658     }
1659 
1660     *poptarg = optarg;
1661     *poptind = optind;
1662 
1663     return popt;
1664 }
1665 
1666 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1667 {
1668     ERRP_GUARD();
1669     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1670     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1671     MachineClass *machine_class = NULL;
1672 
1673     if (machine_type) {
1674         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1675         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1676         if (!machine_class) {
1677             error_setg(errp, "unsupported machine type: \"%s\"", optarg);
1678         }
1679     } else {
1680         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1681         if (!machine_class) {
1682             error_setg(errp, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1683         }
1684     }
1685 
1686     if (!machine_class) {
1687         error_append_hint(errp,
1688                           "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1689     }
1690     return machine_class;
1691 }
1692 
1693 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1694                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1695                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1696 {
1697     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1698         return 0;
1699     }
1700 
1701     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1702         return -1;
1703     }
1704 
1705     return 0;
1706 }
1707 
1708 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1709 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1710 {
1711     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1712     char *p;
1713 
1714     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1715         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1716 
1717         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1718         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1719             continue;
1720         }
1721         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1722         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1723             if (*p == '_') {
1724                 *p = '-';
1725             }
1726         }
1727         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1728             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1729             return;
1730         }
1731         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1732         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1733         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1734     }
1735 }
1736 
1737 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1738 {
1739     const char *value;
1740     QObject *prop;
1741 
1742     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1743 
1744     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1745     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1746     if (value) {
1747         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1748         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1749     }
1750 
1751     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1752     if (value) {
1753         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1754                                    false);
1755         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1756     }
1757 
1758     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1759     if (value) {
1760         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1761                                    false);
1762         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1763     }
1764 
1765     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1766     if (value) {
1767         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1768                                    false);
1769         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1770                                    false);
1771         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1772     }
1773 
1774     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1775     if (value) {
1776         if (mem_path) {
1777             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1778                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1779             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1780         }
1781 
1782         /* Resolved later.  */
1783         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1784         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1785     }
1786 
1787     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1788     if (prop) {
1789         have_custom_ram_size =
1790             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1791             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1792     }
1793 }
1794 
1795 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1796 {
1797     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1798 
1799     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1800         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1801         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1802             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1803             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1804             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1805             g_free(opt);
1806         }
1807     }
1808 }
1809 
1810 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1811 {
1812     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1813     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1814     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1815 }
1816 
1817 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1818 {
1819     QemuOpts *opts;
1820     const char *type;
1821     Visitor *v;
1822 
1823     if (str[0] == '{') {
1824         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1825 
1826         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1827         qobject_unref(obj);
1828     } else {
1829         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1830                                        str, true);
1831         if (!opts) {
1832             exit(1);
1833         }
1834 
1835         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1836         if (!type) {
1837             error_setg(&error_fatal, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1838         }
1839         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1840             exit(0);
1841         }
1842 
1843         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1844     }
1845 
1846     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1847     visit_free(v);
1848 }
1849 
1850 /*
1851  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1852  */
1853 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1854 {
1855     /*
1856      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1857      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1858      */
1859 
1860     /*
1861      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1862      * affinity of threads.
1863      */
1864     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1865         return true;
1866     }
1867 
1868     return false;
1869 }
1870 
1871 /*
1872  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1873  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1874  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1875  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1876  * already existing.
1877  */
1878 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1879 {
1880     /*
1881      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1882      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1883      */
1884 
1885     /* Reason: already created. */
1886     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1887         return false;
1888     }
1889 
1890     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1891     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1892         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1893         return false;
1894     }
1895 
1896 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1897     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1898     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1899         return false;
1900     }
1901 #endif
1902 
1903     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1904     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1905         return false;
1906     }
1907     /*
1908      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1909      */
1910     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1911         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1912         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1913         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1914         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1915         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1916         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1917         return false;
1918     }
1919 
1920     /*
1921      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1922      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1923      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1924      */
1925     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1926         return false;
1927     }
1928 
1929     return true;
1930 }
1931 
1932 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1933 {
1934     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1935 
1936     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1937         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1938         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1939     }
1940 
1941     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1942         replay_add_blocker("multiple CPUs");
1943     }
1944 }
1945 
1946 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1947 {
1948     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1949 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1950     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1951 #else
1952     const bool use_sdl = false;
1953 #endif
1954 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1955     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1956 #else
1957     const bool use_gtk = false;
1958 #endif
1959 
1960     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1961         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1962                      "ignoring option");
1963     }
1964 
1965     qemu_console_early_init();
1966 
1967     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1968 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1969         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
1970 #else
1971         error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
1972 #endif
1973         exit(1);
1974     }
1975 
1976     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1977 
1978     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1979     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1980     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1981     qemu_spice.init();
1982 
1983     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1984                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1985 
1986 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1987     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1988                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1989 #endif
1990 
1991     /*
1992      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
1993      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
1994      */
1995     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
1996     audio_init_audiodevs();
1997     if (default_audio) {
1998         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
1999     }
2000 }
2001 
2002 
2003 /*
2004  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
2005  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
2006  */
2007 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
2008 {
2009     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
2010 }
2011 
2012 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
2013 {
2014     if (qtest_chrdev) {
2015         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
2016     }
2017 
2018     net_init_clients();
2019 
2020     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
2021 
2022     /*
2023      * Wait for any outstanding memory prealloc from created memory
2024      * backends to complete.
2025      */
2026     if (!qemu_finish_async_prealloc_mem(&error_fatal)) {
2027         exit(1);
2028     }
2029 
2030     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
2031         exit(1);
2032     }
2033 
2034     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
2035                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2036 
2037     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
2038         exit(1);
2039     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
2040         exit(1);
2041     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
2042         exit(1);
2043 
2044     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2045     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2046 }
2047 
2048 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2049 {
2050     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2051         Object *backend;
2052         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2053 
2054         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2055                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2056         if (!backend) {
2057             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2058             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2059         }
2060         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2061             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2062             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2063         }
2064         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2065                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2066     }
2067 }
2068 
2069 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2070 {
2071     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2072     QDict *dict, *prop;
2073     const char *mem_str;
2074     Location loc;
2075 
2076     loc_push_none(&loc);
2077     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2078 
2079     prop = qdict_new();
2080 
2081     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2082         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2083         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2084         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2085             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2086             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2087         } else {
2088             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2089         }
2090     }
2091 
2092     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2093         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2094     }
2095     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2096         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2097     }
2098 
2099     dict = qdict_new();
2100     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2101     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2102     qobject_unref(dict);
2103     loc_pop(&loc);
2104 }
2105 
2106 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2107 {
2108     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2109     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2110 
2111     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2112     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2113                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2114     object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
2115                                             "/unattached"),
2116                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2117 
2118     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2119         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2120             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2121              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2122              */
2123             g_assert_not_reached();
2124         }
2125     }
2126 
2127     cpu_exec_init_all();
2128 
2129     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2130         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2131     }
2132 
2133     /*
2134      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2135      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2136      */
2137     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2138         QDict *default_opts =
2139             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2140                          &error_abort);
2141         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2142         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2143                                           false, &error_abort);
2144         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2145     }
2146 }
2147 
2148 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2149 {
2150     GlobalProperty *g;
2151 
2152     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2153     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2154     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2155     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2156     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2157     return 0;
2158 }
2159 
2160 /*
2161  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2162  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2163  */
2164 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2165 {
2166     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2167         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2168         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2169         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2170         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2171         return false;
2172     }
2173     return true;
2174 }
2175 
2176 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2177                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2178 {
2179     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2180         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2181         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2182         visit_free(v);
2183 
2184     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2185         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2186         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2187         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2188             audio_define(dev);
2189         }
2190         visit_free(v);
2191 
2192     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2193         /*
2194          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2195          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2196          */
2197         assert(!from_json);
2198         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2199     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2200         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2201     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2202         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2203     } else {
2204         abort();
2205     }
2206 }
2207 
2208 /*
2209  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2210  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2211  */
2212 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2213                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2214 {
2215     QObject *crumpled;
2216     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2217         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2218         return;
2219     }
2220 
2221     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2222     if (!crumpled) {
2223         return;
2224     }
2225     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2226     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2227         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2228         break;
2229     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2230         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2231         break;
2232     default:
2233         g_assert_not_reached();
2234     }
2235     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2236 }
2237 
2238 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2239 {
2240     ERRP_GUARD();
2241     int ret;
2242     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2243 
2244     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2245     if (ret < 0) {
2246         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2247             error_free(*errp);
2248             *errp = NULL;
2249         }
2250     }
2251 }
2252 
2253 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2254 {
2255     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2256     QemuOptsList *list;
2257     QemuOpts *opts;
2258     int rc, offset;
2259 
2260     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2261     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2262         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2263         return;
2264     }
2265 
2266     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2267         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2268     } else {
2269         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2270         if (list) {
2271             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2272             if (!opts) {
2273                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2274                 return;
2275             }
2276             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2277         }
2278     }
2279 }
2280 
2281 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2282 {
2283     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2284                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2285 }
2286 
2287 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2288 {
2289     return !icount_configure(opts, errp);
2290 }
2291 
2292 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2293                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2294                                 Error **errp)
2295 {
2296     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2297 }
2298 
2299 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2300 {
2301     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2302     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2303     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2304     AccelState *accel;
2305     int ret;
2306     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2307 
2308     if (!acc) {
2309         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2310         goto bad;
2311     }
2312 
2313     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2314 
2315     if (!ac) {
2316         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2317             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2318         }
2319         goto bad;
2320     }
2321     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2322     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2323     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2324                      accel,
2325                      &error_fatal);
2326 
2327     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2328     if (ret < 0) {
2329         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2330             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2331         }
2332         goto bad;
2333     }
2334 
2335     return 1;
2336 
2337 bad:
2338     *p_init_failed = true;
2339     return 0;
2340 }
2341 
2342 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2343 {
2344     bool init_failed = false;
2345 
2346     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2347                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2348 
2349     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2350         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2351 
2352         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2353             /* Select the default accelerator */
2354             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2355             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2356 
2357             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2358                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2359                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2360                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2361                 } else {
2362                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2363                 }
2364             } else if (have_kvm) {
2365                 accelerators = "kvm";
2366             } else if (have_tcg) {
2367                 accelerators = "tcg";
2368             } else {
2369                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2370                              " no default accelerator available");
2371                 exit(1);
2372             }
2373         }
2374         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2375 
2376         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2377             /*
2378              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2379              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2380              */
2381             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2382                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2383             } else {
2384                 init_failed = true;
2385                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2386             }
2387         }
2388         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2389     } else {
2390         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2391             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2392             exit(1);
2393         }
2394     }
2395 
2396     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2397                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2398         if (!init_failed) {
2399             error_report("no accelerator found");
2400         }
2401         exit(1);
2402     }
2403 
2404     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2405         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2406     }
2407 
2408     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2409         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2410         exit(1);
2411     }
2412 }
2413 
2414 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2415 {
2416     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2417     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2418     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2419 
2420     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2421          if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2422               error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2423               exit(1);
2424           }
2425 
2426           if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2427               error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2428               exit(1);
2429           }
2430     }
2431 
2432     if (loadvm && incoming) {
2433         error_report("'incoming' and 'loadvm' options are mutually exclusive");
2434         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2435     }
2436     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2437         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2438                      "mutually exclusive");
2439         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2440     }
2441     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2442         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2443         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2444     }
2445 
2446 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2447     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2448         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2449         exit(1);
2450     }
2451 #endif
2452 }
2453 
2454 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2455 {
2456     if (mem_prealloc) {
2457         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2458         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2459             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2460             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2461                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2462                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2463                                            val, false);
2464             }
2465         }
2466         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2467     }
2468 }
2469 
2470 /* -action processing */
2471 
2472 /*
2473  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2474  */
2475 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2476 {
2477     Error *local_err = NULL;
2478     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2479     QObject *ret = NULL;
2480     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2481     qobject_unref(ret);
2482     qobject_unref(qdict);
2483     if (local_err) {
2484         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2485         return 1;
2486     }
2487     return 0;
2488 }
2489 
2490 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2491 {
2492     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2493                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2494 
2495     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2496 
2497 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2498     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2499     if (olist) {
2500         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2501     }
2502 #endif
2503 
2504     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2505                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2506         exit(1);
2507     }
2508 
2509 #ifndef _WIN32
2510     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2511                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2512 
2513     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2514                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2515 #endif
2516 
2517     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2518     {
2519         int mask = 0;
2520         if (log_mask) {
2521             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2522             if (!mask) {
2523                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2524                 exit(1);
2525             }
2526         }
2527         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2528     }
2529 
2530     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2531 }
2532 
2533 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2534 {
2535     /*
2536      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2537      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2538      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2539      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2540      */
2541     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2542         list_cpus();
2543         exit(0);
2544     }
2545 
2546     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2547                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2548         exit(0);
2549     }
2550 
2551     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2552     if (list_data_dirs) {
2553         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2554         exit(0);
2555     }
2556 }
2557 
2558 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2559 {
2560     Error *err = NULL;
2561 
2562     os_daemonize();
2563     rcu_disable_atfork();
2564 
2565     if (pid_file) {
2566         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2567 
2568         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2569             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2570             exit(1);
2571         }
2572 
2573         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2574         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2575             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2576                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2577                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2578             }
2579             return;
2580         }
2581 
2582         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2583             .notifier = {
2584                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2585             },
2586             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2587         };
2588         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2589     }
2590 }
2591 
2592 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2593 {
2594     DisplayState *ds;
2595 
2596     /* init local displays */
2597     ds = init_displaystate();
2598     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2599 
2600     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2601     os_setup_signal_handling();
2602 
2603     /* init remote displays */
2604 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2605     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2606                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2607 #endif
2608 
2609     if (using_spice) {
2610         qemu_spice.display_init();
2611     }
2612 }
2613 
2614 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2615 {
2616     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2617     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2618 
2619     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2620     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2621 
2622     drive_check_orphaned();
2623 
2624     realtime_init();
2625 }
2626 
2627 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2628 {
2629     DeviceOption *opt;
2630 
2631     soundhw_init();
2632 
2633     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2634                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2635 
2636     /* init USB devices */
2637     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2638         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
2639             exit(1);
2640     }
2641 
2642     /* init generic devices */
2643     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2644     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2645                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2646     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2647         DeviceState *dev;
2648         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2649         /*
2650          * TODO Eventually we should call qmp_device_add() here to make sure it
2651          * behaves the same, but QMP still has to accept incorrectly typed
2652          * options until libvirt is fixed and we want to be strict on the CLI
2653          * from the start, so call qdev_device_add_from_qdict() directly for
2654          * now.
2655          */
2656         dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(opt->opts, true, &error_fatal);
2657         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
2658         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2659     }
2660     rom_reset_order_override();
2661 }
2662 
2663 static bool qemu_machine_creation_done(Error **errp)
2664 {
2665     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2666 
2667     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2668     drive_check_orphaned();
2669 
2670     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2671      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2672      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2673      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2674      * requested one
2675      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2676      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2677      */
2678     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2679         net_check_clients();
2680     }
2681 
2682     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2683 
2684     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2685 
2686     if (machine->cgs && !machine->cgs->ready) {
2687         error_setg(errp, "accelerator does not support confidential guest %s",
2688                    object_get_typename(OBJECT(machine->cgs)));
2689         exit(1);
2690     }
2691 
2692     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
2693         error_setg(errp, "could not start gdbserver");
2694         return false;
2695     }
2696     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2697         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2698         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2699                     "type does not use that option; "
2700                     "No VGA device has been created");
2701     }
2702     return true;
2703 }
2704 
2705 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2706 {
2707     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2708         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2709         return;
2710     }
2711 
2712     qemu_init_board();
2713     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2714     if (!qemu_machine_creation_done(errp)) {
2715         return;
2716     }
2717 
2718     if (loadvm) {
2719         RunState state = autostart ? RUN_STATE_RUNNING : runstate_get();
2720         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2721         load_snapshot_resume(state);
2722     }
2723     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2724         replay_vmstate_init();
2725     }
2726 
2727     if (incoming) {
2728         Error *local_err = NULL;
2729         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2730             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, false, NULL, true, true,
2731                                  &local_err);
2732             if (local_err) {
2733                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2734                 exit(1);
2735             }
2736         }
2737     } else if (autostart) {
2738         qmp_cont(NULL);
2739     }
2740 }
2741 
2742 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2743 {
2744     QemuOpts *opts;
2745     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2746     QemuOptsList *olist;
2747     int optind;
2748     const char *optarg;
2749     MachineClass *machine_class;
2750     bool userconfig = true;
2751     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2752 
2753     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2754     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2755     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2756     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2757     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2758     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2759     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2760     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2761     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2762     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2763     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2764     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2765     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2766     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2767     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2768     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2769     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2770     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2771     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2772     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2773     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2774     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2775     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2776     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2777     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2778     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2779     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2780     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2781     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2782     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2783     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2784     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2785     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2786 
2787     error_init(argv[0]);
2788     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2789 
2790     os_setup_limits();
2791 
2792     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2793 
2794     qemu_init_subsystems();
2795 
2796     /* first pass of option parsing */
2797     optind = 1;
2798     while (optind < argc) {
2799         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2800             /* disk image */
2801             optind++;
2802         } else {
2803             const QEMUOption *popt;
2804 
2805             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2806             switch (popt->index) {
2807             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2808                 userconfig = false;
2809                 break;
2810             }
2811         }
2812     }
2813 
2814     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2815     if (userconfig) {
2816         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2817     }
2818 
2819     /* second pass of option parsing */
2820     optind = 1;
2821     for(;;) {
2822         if (optind >= argc)
2823             break;
2824         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2825             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2826             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2827         } else {
2828             const QEMUOption *popt;
2829 
2830             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2831             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2832                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2833                 exit(1);
2834             }
2835             switch(popt->index) {
2836             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2837                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2838                 cpu_option = optarg;
2839                 break;
2840             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2841             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2842             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2843             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2844                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2845                           HD_OPTS);
2846                 break;
2847             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2848                 {
2849                     Visitor *v;
2850                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2851 
2852                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2853                                                       &error_fatal);
2854 
2855                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2856                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2857                                                &error_fatal);
2858                     visit_free(v);
2859                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2860                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2861                     break;
2862                 }
2863             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2864                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2865                                                optarg, false);
2866                 if (opts == NULL) {
2867                     exit(1);
2868                 }
2869                 break;
2870             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2871                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2872                 break;
2873             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2874                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2875                     exit(1);
2876                 break;
2877             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2878                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2879                 break;
2880             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2881                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2882                 break;
2883             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2884                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2885                 break;
2886             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2887                 snapshot = 1;
2888                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2889                 break;
2890             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2891                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2892                                                optarg, true);
2893                 if (!opts) {
2894                     exit(1);
2895                 }
2896                 break;
2897             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2898                 parse_display(optarg);
2899                 break;
2900             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2901                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2902                 nographic = true;
2903                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2904                 break;
2905             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
2906                 graphic_rotate = 90;
2907                 break;
2908             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
2909                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
2910                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
2911                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
2912                     error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
2913                     exit(1);
2914                 }
2915                 break;
2916             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2917                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2918                 break;
2919             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2920                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2921                 break;
2922             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2923                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2924                 break;
2925             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2926                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2927                 break;
2928             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2929                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2930                 break;
2931             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2932                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2933                 break;
2934             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2935             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2936                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2937                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2938                 break;
2939             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2940                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "fd-bootchk", "off");
2941                 break;
2942             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2943                 default_net = 0;
2944                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2945                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2946                 } else {
2947                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2948                 }
2949                 break;
2950             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2951                 default_net = 0;
2952                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2953                 break;
2954             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2955                 default_net = 0;
2956                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2957                 break;
2958 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2959             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2960                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2961                                                optarg, false);
2962                 if (!opts) {
2963                     exit(1);
2964                 }
2965                 break;
2966 #endif
2967             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2968                 default_audio = 0;
2969                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2970                 break;
2971             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2972                 bool help;
2973                 char *model = NULL;
2974                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2975                 Visitor *v;
2976                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2977                 default_audio = 0;
2978                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2979                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2980                     audio_help();
2981                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2982                 }
2983                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2984                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2985                 }
2986                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2987                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2988                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2989                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2990                         show_valid_soundhw();
2991                         exit(0);
2992                     }
2993                 }
2994                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2995                 qobject_unref(dict);
2996                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
2997                 visit_free(v);
2998                 if (model) {
2999                     audio_define(dev);
3000                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
3001                     g_free(model);
3002                 } else {
3003                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
3004                 }
3005                 break;
3006             }
3007             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
3008                 help(0);
3009                 break;
3010             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
3011                 version();
3012                 exit(0);
3013                 break;
3014             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
3015                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
3016                 if (opts == NULL) {
3017                     exit(1);
3018                 }
3019                 break;
3020 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
3021             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
3022                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
3023                     exit(1);
3024                 }
3025                 break;
3026 #endif
3027             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
3028                 mem_path = optarg;
3029                 break;
3030             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
3031                 mem_prealloc = 1;
3032                 break;
3033             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3034                 log_mask = optarg;
3035                 break;
3036             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3037                 log_file = optarg;
3038                 break;
3039             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3040                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3041                 break;
3042 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3043             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3044                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3045                 break;
3046             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3047                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3048                 break;
3049 #endif
3050             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3051                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3052                 break;
3053             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3054                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3055                 break;
3056             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3057                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3058                 break;
3059             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3060                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3061                     list_data_dirs = true;
3062                 } else {
3063                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3064                 }
3065                 break;
3066             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3067                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3068                 break;
3069             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3070                 autostart = 0;
3071                 break;
3072             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3073                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3074                 break;
3075             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3076                 vga_model = optarg;
3077                 default_vga = 0;
3078                 break;
3079             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3080                 {
3081                     const char *p;
3082                     int w, h, depth;
3083                     p = optarg;
3084                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3085                     if (w <= 0) {
3086                     graphic_error:
3087                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3088                         exit(1);
3089                     }
3090                     if (*p != 'x')
3091                         goto graphic_error;
3092                     p++;
3093                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3094                     if (h <= 0)
3095                         goto graphic_error;
3096                     if (*p == 'x') {
3097                         p++;
3098                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3099                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3100                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3101                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3102                             goto graphic_error;
3103                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3104                         depth = graphic_depth;
3105                     } else {
3106                         goto graphic_error;
3107                     }
3108 
3109                     graphic_width = w;
3110                     graphic_height = h;
3111                     graphic_depth = depth;
3112                 }
3113                 break;
3114             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3115                 {
3116                     char *r;
3117                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3118                     if (r == optarg)
3119                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3120                     break;
3121                 }
3122             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3123                 default_monitor = 0;
3124                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3125                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3126                 }
3127                 break;
3128             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3129                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3130                 default_monitor = 0;
3131                 break;
3132             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3133                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3134                 default_monitor = 0;
3135                 break;
3136             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3137                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3138                                                true);
3139                 if (!opts) {
3140                     exit(1);
3141                 }
3142                 default_monitor = 0;
3143                 break;
3144             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3145                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3146                                                optarg, true);
3147                 if (!opts) {
3148                     exit(1);
3149                 }
3150                 break;
3151             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3152                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3153                 if (!olist) {
3154                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3155                     exit(1);
3156                 }
3157                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3158                 if (!opts) {
3159                     exit(1);
3160                 }
3161                 break;
3162             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3163                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3164                 QemuOpts *device;
3165                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3166                            *multidevs;
3167 
3168                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3169                 if (!olist) {
3170                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3171                     exit(1);
3172                 }
3173                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3174                 if (!opts) {
3175                     exit(1);
3176                 }
3177 
3178                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3179                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3180                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3181                     exit(1);
3182                 }
3183                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3184                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3185                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3186                                          1, NULL);
3187                 if (!fsdev) {
3188                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3189                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3190                     exit(1);
3191                 }
3192 
3193                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3194                 if (writeout) {
3195 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3196                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3197 #else
3198                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3199                                  "on this platform");
3200                     exit(1);
3201 #endif
3202                 }
3203                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3204                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3205                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3206                 if (path) {
3207                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3208                 }
3209                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3210                 if (security_model) {
3211                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3212                                  &error_abort);
3213                 }
3214                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3215                 if (socket) {
3216                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3217                 }
3218                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3219                 if (sock_fd) {
3220                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3221                 }
3222 
3223                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3224                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3225                                   &error_abort);
3226                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3227                 if (multidevs) {
3228                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3229                 }
3230                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3231                                           &error_abort);
3232                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3233                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3234                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3235                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3236                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3237                 break;
3238             }
3239             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3240                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3241                 default_serial = 0;
3242                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3243                     default_monitor = 0;
3244                 }
3245                 break;
3246             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3247                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3248                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3249                      exit(1);
3250                 }
3251                 break;
3252             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3253                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3254                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3255                 break;
3256             }
3257             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3258                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3259                 default_parallel = 0;
3260                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3261                     default_monitor = 0;
3262                 }
3263                 break;
3264             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3265                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3266                 break;
3267             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3268                 loadvm = optarg;
3269                 break;
3270             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3271                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3272                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3273                 break;
3274             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3275                 pid_file = optarg;
3276                 break;
3277             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3278                 object_register_sugar_prop("ide-device", "win2k-install-hack", "true", true);
3279                 break;
3280             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3281                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3282                                                optarg, true);
3283                 if (!opts) {
3284                     exit(1);
3285                 }
3286                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3287                 break;
3288             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3289                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3290                                                optarg, false);
3291                 if (!opts) {
3292                     exit(1);
3293                 }
3294                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3295                 break;
3296             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3297                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3298                                                optarg, true);
3299                 if (opts == NULL) {
3300                     exit(1);
3301                 }
3302                 break;
3303             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3304                 preconfig_requested = true;
3305                 break;
3306             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3307                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3308                 break;
3309             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3310             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3311                 {
3312                     bool help;
3313 
3314                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3315                     if (help) {
3316                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3317                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3318                     }
3319                     break;
3320                 }
3321             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3322                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3323                                                      optarg, true);
3324                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3325                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3326                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3327                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3328                                                                     false);
3329                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3330                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3331                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3332                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3333                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3334                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3335                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3336                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3337                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3338                             g_strfreev(optname);
3339                         }
3340                         g_free(typename);
3341                     }
3342                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3343                     exit(0);
3344                 }
3345                 break;
3346             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3347                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3348                 break;
3349             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3350                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3351                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3352                 break;
3353             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3354                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3355                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3356                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3357                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3358                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3359                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3360                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3361                 } else {
3362                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3363                                                  optarg, true)) {
3364                         exit(1);
3365                     }
3366                 }
3367                 break;
3368             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3369                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3370                                            "smp", optarg);
3371                 break;
3372 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
3373             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3374                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3375                 display_remote++;
3376                 break;
3377 #endif
3378             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3379                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3380                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3381                 break;
3382             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3383                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3384                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3385                 break;
3386             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3387                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3388                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3389                     exit(1);
3390                 }
3391                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3392                 break;
3393             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3394                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3395                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3396                     exit(1);
3397                 }
3398                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3399                                                optarg, true);
3400                 if (!opts) {
3401                     exit(1);
3402                 }
3403                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3404                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3405                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3406                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3407                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3408                     exit(1);
3409                 }
3410                 nb_option_roms++;
3411                 break;
3412             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3413                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3414                 break;
3415             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3416                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3417                     exit(1);
3418                 }
3419                 break;
3420             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3421                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3422                                                optarg, true);
3423                 if (!opts) {
3424                     exit(1);
3425                 }
3426                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3427                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3428                 break;
3429             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3430                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3431                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3432                     exit(1);
3433                 }
3434                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3435                 nb_prom_envs++;
3436                 break;
3437             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3438                 old_param = 1;
3439                 break;
3440             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3441                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3442                                                false);
3443                 if (!opts) {
3444                     exit(1);
3445                 }
3446                 break;
3447             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3448                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3449                                                       optarg, true);
3450                 if (!icount_opts) {
3451                     exit(1);
3452                 }
3453                 break;
3454             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3455                 if (!incoming) {
3456                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3457                 }
3458                 incoming = optarg;
3459                 break;
3460             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3461                 only_migratable = 1;
3462                 break;
3463             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3464                 has_defaults = 0;
3465                 break;
3466             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3467                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3468                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3469                     exit(1);
3470                 }
3471                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3472                 break;
3473             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3474                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3475                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3476                     exit(1);
3477                 }
3478                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3479                 break;
3480             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3481                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3482                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3483                     exit(1);
3484                 }
3485                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3486                 break;
3487             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3488                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3489                 break;
3490             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3491                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3492                 break;
3493             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3494                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3495                 break;
3496 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3497             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3498                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("spice"), optarg, false);
3499                 if (!opts) {
3500                     exit(1);
3501                 }
3502                 display_remote++;
3503                 break;
3504 #endif
3505             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3506                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3507                 break;
3508             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3509                 qtest_log = optarg;
3510                 break;
3511             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3512                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3513                 if (!olist) {
3514 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3515                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3516                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3517 #endif
3518                     exit(1);
3519                 }
3520 
3521                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3522                 if (!opts) {
3523                     exit(1);
3524                 }
3525                 break;
3526             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3527 #ifndef _WIN32
3528                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3529                                                optarg, false);
3530                 if (!opts) {
3531                     exit(1);
3532                 }
3533 #else
3534                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3535                              "platform");
3536                 exit(1);
3537 #endif
3538                 break;
3539             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3540                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3541                 break;
3542             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3543                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3544                                                optarg, false);
3545                 if (!opts) {
3546                     exit(1);
3547                 }
3548                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", enable_mlock);
3549                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", enable_cpu_pm);
3550                 break;
3551             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3552                 {
3553                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3554                     Visitor *v;
3555 
3556                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3557                                                       &error_fatal);
3558 
3559                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3560                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3561 
3562                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3563                     visit_free(v);
3564                     break;
3565                 }
3566             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3567                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3568                                                false);
3569                 if (!opts) {
3570                     exit(1);
3571                 }
3572                 configure_msg(opts);
3573                 break;
3574             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3575                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3576                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3577                                  "option may be given");
3578                     exit(1);
3579                 }
3580                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3581                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3582                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3583                     exit(1);
3584                 }
3585                 break;
3586             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3587                 qsp_enable();
3588                 break;
3589             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3590                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3591                 break;
3592 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3593             case QEMU_OPTION_runas:
3594                 warn_report("-runas is deprecated, use '-run-with user=...' instead");
3595                 if (!os_set_runas(optarg)) {
3596                     error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3597                                  " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3598                                  optarg);
3599                     exit(1);
3600                 }
3601                 break;
3602             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3603                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3604                 break;
3605             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3606                 const char *str;
3607                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3608                                                          optarg, false);
3609                 if (!opts) {
3610                     exit(1);
3611                 }
3612 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3613                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3614                     init_async_teardown();
3615                 }
3616 #endif
3617                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3618                 if (str) {
3619                     os_set_chroot(str);
3620                 }
3621                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "user");
3622                 if (str) {
3623                     if (!os_set_runas(str)) {
3624                         error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3625                                      " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3626                                      optarg);
3627                         exit(1);
3628                     }
3629                 }
3630 
3631                 break;
3632             }
3633 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3634 
3635             default:
3636                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3637                 exit(1);
3638             }
3639         }
3640     }
3641     /*
3642      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3643      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3644      */
3645     loc_set_none();
3646 
3647     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3648     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3649 
3650     /*
3651      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3652      * before daemonizing.
3653      */
3654     qemu_process_early_options();
3655 
3656     qemu_process_help_options();
3657     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3658 
3659     /*
3660      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3661      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3662      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3663      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3664      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3665      * process will be left in the host.
3666      */
3667     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3668         exit(1);
3669     }
3670     trace_init_file();
3671 
3672     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3673     cpu_timers_init();
3674 
3675     user_register_global_props();
3676     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3677 
3678     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3679 
3680     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3681     parse_memory_options();
3682 
3683     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3684 
3685     suspend_mux_open();
3686 
3687     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3688     qemu_setup_display();
3689     qemu_create_default_devices();
3690     qemu_create_early_backends();
3691 
3692     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3693     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3694     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3695     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3696 
3697     /*
3698      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3699      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3700      */
3701     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3702     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3703 
3704     /*
3705      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3706      * compat properties.
3707      *
3708      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3709      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3710      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3711      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3712      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3713      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3714      *
3715      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3716      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3717      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3718      */
3719 
3720     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3721     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3722         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3723                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3724     }
3725 
3726     /*
3727      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3728      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3729      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3730      */
3731     qemu_create_late_backends();
3732     phase_advance(PHASE_LATE_BACKENDS_CREATED);
3733 
3734     /*
3735      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3736      * compat properties have been set up.
3737      */
3738     migration_object_init();
3739 
3740     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3741     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class_default_cpu_type(machine_class);
3742     if (cpu_option) {
3743         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3744     }
3745     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3746 
3747     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3748     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3749 
3750     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3751         /* dump and exit */
3752         module_load_qom_all();
3753         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3754         exit(0);
3755     }
3756 
3757     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3758         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3759     }
3760     qemu_init_displays();
3761     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3762     os_setup_post();
3763     resume_mux_open();
3764 }
3765