xref: /openbmc/qemu/system/vl.c (revision 7528ef73)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
44 #include "sysemu/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
46 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
47 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
68 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
69 #include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "qemu/timer.h"
72 #include "chardev/char.h"
73 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
74 #include "qemu/log.h"
75 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
76 #include "hw/block/block.h"
77 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
79 #include "migration/misc.h"
80 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
81 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
82 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
83 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
84 #include "audio/audio.h"
85 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
86 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
87 #include "migration/colo.h"
88 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
89 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
90 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
91 #include "qemu/option.h"
92 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
93 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
94 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
95 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
96 #endif
97 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
98 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
99 #include "accel/tcg/perf.h"
100 #endif
101 
102 #include "disas/disas.h"
103 
104 #include "trace.h"
105 #include "trace/control.h"
106 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
107 #include "qemu/queue.h"
108 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
109 #include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
110 
111 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
112 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
113 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
115 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
116 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
117 #include "crypto/init.h"
118 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
119 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
131 #include "block/qdict.h"
132 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
133 #include "sysemu/iothread.h"
134 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
135 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
136 
137 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
138 
139 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
140     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
141     Location loc;
142     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
143 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
144 
145 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
146 
147 typedef struct ObjectOption {
148     ObjectOptions *opts;
149     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
150 } ObjectOption;
151 
152 typedef struct DeviceOption {
153     QDict *opts;
154     Location loc;
155     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
156 } DeviceOption;
157 
158 static const char *cpu_option;
159 static const char *mem_path;
160 static const char *incoming;
161 static const char *loadvm;
162 static const char *accelerators;
163 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
164 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
165 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
166 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
168 static int display_remote;
169 static int snapshot;
170 static bool preconfig_requested;
171 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
172 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
173 static bool nographic = false;
174 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
175 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
176 static DisplayOptions dpy;
177 static int num_serial_hds;
178 static Chardev **serial_hds;
179 static const char *log_mask;
180 static const char *log_file;
181 static bool list_data_dirs;
182 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
183 static const char *qtest_log;
184 static bool opt_one_insn_per_tb;
185 
186 static int has_defaults = 1;
187 static int default_audio = 1;
188 static int default_serial = 1;
189 static int default_parallel = 1;
190 static int default_monitor = 1;
191 static int default_floppy = 1;
192 static int default_cdrom = 1;
193 static int default_sdcard = 1;
194 static int default_vga = 1;
195 static int default_net = 1;
196 
197 static const struct {
198     const char *driver;
199     int *flag;
200 } default_list[] = {
201     { .driver = "xen-console",          .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
203     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
204     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
206     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
210     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
220     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
221 };
222 
223 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
224     .name = "rtc",
225     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
226     .merge_lists = true,
227     .desc = {
228         {
229             .name = "base",
230             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
231         },{
232             .name = "clock",
233             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
234         },{
235             .name = "driftfix",
236             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
237         },
238         { /* end of list */ }
239     },
240 };
241 
242 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
243     .name = "option-rom",
244     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
245     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
246     .desc = {
247         {
248             .name = "bootindex",
249             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
250         }, {
251             .name = "romfile",
252             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
253         },
254         { /* end of list */ }
255     },
256 };
257 
258 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
259     .name = "accel",
260     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
261     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
262     .desc = {
263         /*
264          * no elements => accept any
265          * sanity checking will happen later
266          * when setting accelerator properties
267          */
268         { }
269     },
270 };
271 
272 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
273     .name = "boot-opts",
274     .implied_opt_name = "order",
275     .merge_lists = true,
276     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
277     .desc = {
278         {
279             .name = "order",
280             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
281         }, {
282             .name = "once",
283             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
284         }, {
285             .name = "menu",
286             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
287         }, {
288             .name = "splash",
289             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
290         }, {
291             .name = "splash-time",
292             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
293         }, {
294             .name = "reboot-timeout",
295             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
296         }, {
297             .name = "strict",
298             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
299         },
300         { /*End of list */ }
301     },
302 };
303 
304 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
305     .name = "add-fd",
306     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
307     .desc = {
308         {
309             .name = "fd",
310             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
311             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
312         },{
313             .name = "set",
314             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
315             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
316         },{
317             .name = "opaque",
318             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
319             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
320         },
321         { /* end of list */ }
322     },
323 };
324 
325 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
326     .name = "object",
327     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
328     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
329     .desc = {
330         { }
331     },
332 };
333 
334 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
335     .name = "tpmdev",
336     .implied_opt_name = "type",
337     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
338     .desc = {
339         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
340         { /* end of list */ }
341     },
342 };
343 
344 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
345     .name = "overcommit",
346     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
347     .desc = {
348         {
349             .name = "mem-lock",
350             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
351         },
352         {
353             .name = "cpu-pm",
354             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
355         },
356         { /* end of list */ }
357     },
358 };
359 
360 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
361     .name = "msg",
362     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
363     .desc = {
364         {
365             .name = "timestamp",
366             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
367         },
368         {
369             .name = "guest-name",
370             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
371             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
372                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
373         },
374         { /* end of list */ }
375     },
376 };
377 
378 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
379     .name = "name",
380     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
381     .merge_lists = true,
382     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
383     .desc = {
384         {
385             .name = "guest",
386             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
387             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
388                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
389                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
390         }, {
391             .name = "process",
392             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
393             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
394         }, {
395             .name = "debug-threads",
396             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
397             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
398                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
399                     "stable API.",
400         },
401         { /* End of list */ }
402     },
403 };
404 
405 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
406     .name = "memory",
407     .implied_opt_name = "size",
408     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
409     .merge_lists = true,
410     .desc = {
411         {
412             .name = "size",
413             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
414         },
415         {
416             .name = "slots",
417             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
418         },
419         {
420             .name = "maxmem",
421             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
422         },
423         { /* end of list */ }
424     },
425 };
426 
427 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
428     .name = "icount",
429     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
430     .merge_lists = true,
431     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
432     .desc = {
433         {
434             .name = "shift",
435             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
436         }, {
437             .name = "align",
438             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
439         }, {
440             .name = "sleep",
441             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
442         }, {
443             .name = "rr",
444             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
445         }, {
446             .name = "rrfile",
447             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
448         }, {
449             .name = "rrsnapshot",
450             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
451         },
452         { /* end of list */ }
453     },
454 };
455 
456 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
457     .name = "fw_cfg",
458     .implied_opt_name = "name",
459     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
460     .desc = {
461         {
462             .name = "name",
463             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
464             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
465         }, {
466             .name = "file",
467             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
468             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
469                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
470         }, {
471             .name = "string",
472             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
473             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
474         }, {
475             .name = "gen_id",
476             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
477             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
478                     "to be inserted",
479         },
480         { /* end of list */ }
481     },
482 };
483 
484 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
485     .name = "action",
486     .merge_lists = true,
487     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
488     .desc = {
489         {
490             .name = "shutdown",
491             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
492         },{
493             .name = "reboot",
494             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
495         },{
496             .name = "panic",
497             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
498         },{
499             .name = "watchdog",
500             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
501         },
502         { /* end of list */ }
503     },
504 };
505 
506 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
507 {
508     return qemu_name;
509 }
510 
511 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
512 {
513     int i;
514 
515     if (!driver) {
516         return;
517     }
518 
519     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
520         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
521             continue;
522         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
523     }
524 }
525 
526 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
527 {
528     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
529 
530     default_driver_disable(driver);
531     return 0;
532 }
533 
534 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
535 {
536     DeviceOption *opt;
537 
538     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
539         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
540         default_driver_disable(driver);
541     }
542 }
543 
544 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
545 {
546     const char *proc_name;
547 
548     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
549         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
550     }
551     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
552 
553     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
554     if (proc_name) {
555         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
556     }
557 
558     return 0;
559 }
560 
561 bool defaults_enabled(void)
562 {
563     return has_defaults;
564 }
565 
566 #ifndef _WIN32
567 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
568 {
569     int fd, dupfd, flags;
570     int64_t fdset_id;
571     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
572     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
573 
574     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
575     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
576     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
577 
578     if (fd < 0) {
579         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
580         return -1;
581     }
582 
583     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
584         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
585         return -1;
586     }
587 
588     /*
589      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
590      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
591      */
592     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
593     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
594         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
595         return -1;
596     }
597 
598     if (fdset_id < 0) {
599         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
600         return -1;
601     }
602 
603 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
604     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
605 #else
606     dupfd = dup(fd);
607     if (dupfd != -1) {
608         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
609     }
610 #endif
611     if (dupfd == -1) {
612         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
613         return -1;
614     }
615 
616     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
617     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
618                                   &error_abort);
619     g_free(fdinfo);
620 
621     return 0;
622 }
623 
624 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
625 {
626     int fd;
627 
628     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
629     close(fd);
630 
631     return 0;
632 }
633 #endif
634 
635 /***********************************************************/
636 /* QEMU Block devices */
637 
638 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
639 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
640 #define FD_OPTS ""
641 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
642 #define MTD_OPTS ""
643 #define SD_OPTS ""
644 
645 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
646 {
647     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
648 
649     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
650 }
651 
652 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
653 {
654     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
655         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
656     }
657     return 0;
658 }
659 
660 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
661                           int index, const char *optstr)
662 {
663     QemuOpts *opts;
664     DriveInfo *dinfo;
665 
666     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
667         return;
668     }
669 
670     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
671     if (snapshot) {
672         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
673     }
674 
675     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
676     dinfo->is_default = true;
677 
678 }
679 
680 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
681                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
682 {
683     /*
684      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
685      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
686      * now.
687      */
688     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
689         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
690                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
691     }
692 
693     /* open the virtual block devices */
694     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
695         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
696 
697         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
698         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
699         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
700         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
701         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
702         g_free(bdo);
703     }
704     if (snapshot) {
705         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
706                           NULL, NULL);
707     }
708     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
709                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
710         /* We printed help */
711         exit(0);
712     }
713 
714     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
715                   CDROM_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
717     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
718 
719 }
720 
721 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
722     .name = "smp-opts",
723     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
724     .merge_lists = true,
725     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
726     .desc = {
727         {
728             .name = "cpus",
729             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
730         }, {
731             .name = "drawers",
732             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
733         }, {
734             .name = "books",
735             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
736         }, {
737             .name = "sockets",
738             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
739         }, {
740             .name = "dies",
741             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
742         }, {
743             .name = "clusters",
744             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
745         }, {
746             .name = "cores",
747             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
748         }, {
749             .name = "threads",
750             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
751         }, {
752             .name = "maxcpus",
753             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
754         },
755         { /*End of list */ }
756     },
757 };
758 
759 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
760 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
761     .name = "run-with",
762     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
763     .desc = {
764 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
765         {
766             .name = "async-teardown",
767             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
768         },
769 #endif
770         {
771             .name = "chroot",
772             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
773         },
774         { /* end of list */ }
775     },
776 };
777 
778 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
779 
780 #else
781 
782 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
783 
784 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
785 
786 static void realtime_init(void)
787 {
788     if (enable_mlock) {
789         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
790             error_report("locking memory failed");
791             exit(1);
792         }
793     }
794 }
795 
796 
797 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
798 {
799     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
800     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
801 }
802 
803 
804 /***********************************************************/
805 /* USB devices */
806 
807 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
808 {
809     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
810 
811     if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
812         return -1;
813     }
814 
815     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
816     if (!dev)
817         return -1;
818 
819     return 0;
820 }
821 
822 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
823 {
824     int r;
825     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
826     if (r < 0) {
827         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
828     }
829     return r;
830 }
831 
832 /***********************************************************/
833 /* machine registration */
834 
835 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
836 {
837     GSList *el;
838 
839     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
840         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
841 
842         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
843             return mc;
844         }
845     }
846 
847     return NULL;
848 }
849 
850 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
851 {
852     GSList *el;
853     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
854 
855     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
856         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
857 
858         if (mc->is_default) {
859             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
860             default_machineclass = mc;
861         }
862     }
863 
864     return default_machineclass;
865 }
866 
867 static void version(void)
868 {
869     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
870            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
871 }
872 
873 static void help(int exitcode)
874 {
875     version();
876     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
877            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
878             g_get_prgname());
879 
880 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
881     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
882         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
883 
884 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
885     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
886         puts(stringify(text));
887 
888 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
889 
890 #include "qemu-options.def"
891 
892     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
893            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
894            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
895            "ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
896            "\n"
897            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
898            "\n"
899            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
900 
901     exit(exitcode);
902 }
903 
904 enum {
905 
906 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
907     opt_enum,
908 #define DEFHEADING(text)
909 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
910 
911 #include "qemu-options.def"
912 };
913 
914 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
915 
916 typedef struct QEMUOption {
917     const char *name;
918     int flags;
919     int index;
920     uint32_t arch_mask;
921 } QEMUOption;
922 
923 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
924     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
925 
926 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
927     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
928 #define DEFHEADING(text)
929 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
930 
931 #include "qemu-options.def"
932     { /* end of list */ }
933 };
934 
935 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
936     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
937     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
938     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
939      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
940     const char *class_names[2];
941 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
942 
943 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
944     [VGA_NONE] = {
945         .opt_name = "none",
946         .name = "no graphic card",
947     },
948     [VGA_STD] = {
949         .opt_name = "std",
950         .name = "standard VGA",
951         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
952     },
953     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
954         .opt_name = "cirrus",
955         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
956         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
957     },
958     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
959         .opt_name = "vmware",
960         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
961         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
962     },
963     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
964         .opt_name = "virtio",
965         .name = "Virtio VGA",
966         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
967     },
968     [VGA_QXL] = {
969         .opt_name = "qxl",
970         .name = "QXL VGA",
971         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
972     },
973     [VGA_TCX] = {
974         .opt_name = "tcx",
975         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
976         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
977     },
978     [VGA_CG3] = {
979         .opt_name = "cg3",
980         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
981         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
982     },
983 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
984     [VGA_XENFB] = {
985         .opt_name = "xenfb",
986         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
987     },
988 #endif
989 };
990 
991 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
992 {
993     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
994 
995     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
996     return !ti->class_names[0] ||
997            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
998            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
999 }
1000 
1001 static const char *
1002 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
1003 {
1004     if (machine_class->default_display) {
1005         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1006             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1007 
1008             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1009                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1010                 return machine_class->default_display;
1011             }
1012         }
1013 
1014         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1015                          machine_class->default_display);
1016         return NULL;
1017     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1018         return "cirrus";
1019     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1020         return "std";
1021     }
1022 
1023     return NULL;
1024 }
1025 
1026 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1027 {
1028     const char *opts;
1029     int t;
1030 
1031     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1032         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1033 
1034         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1035             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1036 
1037             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1038                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1039                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1040                         " (default)" : "");
1041             }
1042         }
1043         exit(0);
1044     }
1045 
1046     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1047     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1048         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1049         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1050             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1051                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1052                 exit(1);
1053             }
1054             vga_interface_type = t;
1055             break;
1056         }
1057     }
1058     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1059     invalid_vga:
1060         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1061         exit(1);
1062     }
1063     while (*opts) {
1064         const char *nextopt;
1065 
1066         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1067             opts = nextopt;
1068             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1069                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1070             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1071                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1072             else goto invalid_vga;
1073         } else goto invalid_vga;
1074         opts = nextopt;
1075     }
1076 }
1077 
1078 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1079 {
1080     DisplayOptions *opts;
1081     Visitor *v;
1082 
1083     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1084 
1085     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1086     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1087 
1088     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1089     visit_free(v);
1090 }
1091 
1092 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1093 {
1094     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1095 }
1096 
1097 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1098 {
1099     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1100         qemu_display_help();
1101         exit(0);
1102     }
1103 
1104 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
1105     const char *opts;
1106 
1107     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1108         /*
1109          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1110          * display access.
1111          */
1112         if (*opts == '=') {
1113             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1114             display_remote++;
1115         } else {
1116             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1117             exit(1);
1118         }
1119         return;
1120     }
1121 #endif
1122 
1123     parse_display_qapi(p);
1124 }
1125 
1126 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1127 {
1128     return str && *str;
1129 }
1130 
1131 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1132 {
1133     gchar *buf;
1134     size_t size;
1135     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1136     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1137 
1138     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1139         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1140         return -1;
1141     }
1142     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1143     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1144     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1145     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1146 
1147     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1148     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1149         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1150         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1151                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1152         return -1;
1153     }
1154     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1155         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1156                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1157         return -1;
1158     }
1159     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1160         /*
1161          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1162          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1163          * so do not emit a warning.
1164          */
1165     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1166         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1167                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1168     }
1169     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1170         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1171         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1172     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1173         if (!fw_cfg_add_from_generator(fw_cfg, name, gen_id, errp)) {
1174             return -1;
1175         }
1176         return 0;
1177     } else {
1178         GError *err = NULL;
1179         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1180             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1181             g_error_free(err);
1182             return -1;
1183         }
1184     }
1185     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1186     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1187     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1188     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1189     return 0;
1190 }
1191 
1192 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1193 {
1194     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1195 }
1196 
1197 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1198 {
1199     DeviceState *dev;
1200 
1201     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1202     if (!dev && *errp) {
1203         error_report_err(*errp);
1204         return -1;
1205     } else if (dev) {
1206         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1207     }
1208     return 0;
1209 }
1210 
1211 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1212 {
1213     Error *local_err = NULL;
1214 
1215     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1216         if (local_err) {
1217             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1218             return -1;
1219         }
1220         exit(0);
1221     }
1222     return 0;
1223 }
1224 
1225 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1226 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1227 {
1228     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1229 }
1230 #endif
1231 
1232 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1233 {
1234     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1235 }
1236 
1237 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1238 {
1239     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1240     QemuOpts *opts;
1241     const char *p;
1242     char label[32];
1243 
1244     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1245         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1246     } else {
1247         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1248                  monitor_device_index);
1249         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1250         if (!opts) {
1251             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1252             exit(1);
1253         }
1254     }
1255 
1256     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1257     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1258     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1259     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1260         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1261     } else {
1262         assert(pretty == false);
1263     }
1264     monitor_device_index++;
1265 }
1266 
1267 struct device_config {
1268     enum {
1269         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1270         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1271         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1272         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1273         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1274         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1275     } type;
1276     const char *cmdline;
1277     Location loc;
1278     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1279 };
1280 
1281 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1282     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1283 
1284 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1285 {
1286     struct device_config *conf;
1287 
1288     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1289     conf->type = type;
1290     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1291     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1292     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1293 }
1294 
1295 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
1296 {
1297     struct device_config *conf;
1298     int rc;
1299 
1300     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1301         if (conf->type != type)
1302             continue;
1303         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1304         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
1305         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1306         if (rc) {
1307             return rc;
1308         }
1309     }
1310     return 0;
1311 }
1312 
1313 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1314 {
1315     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1316 
1317     default_driver_check_json();
1318     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1319                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1320     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1321                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1322 
1323     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1324         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1325         vga_interface_created = true;
1326     }
1327     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1328         default_serial = 0;
1329     }
1330     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1331         default_parallel = 0;
1332     }
1333     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1334         default_floppy = 0;
1335     }
1336     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1337         default_cdrom = 0;
1338     }
1339     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1340         default_sdcard = 0;
1341     }
1342     if (!has_defaults) {
1343         default_audio = 0;
1344         default_monitor = 0;
1345         default_net = 0;
1346         default_vga = 0;
1347     } else {
1348         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1349             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1350             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1351                         machine_class->default_nic);
1352             default_net = 0;
1353         }
1354     }
1355 }
1356 
1357 static void qemu_setup_display(void)
1358 {
1359     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1360         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1361             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1362 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1363             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1364             display_remote++;
1365 #endif
1366         }
1367     }
1368     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1369         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1370     }
1371 
1372     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1373 }
1374 
1375 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1376 {
1377     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1378     const char *vc = qemu_display_get_vc(&dpy);
1379 
1380     if (is_daemonized()) {
1381         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1382          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1383          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1384          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1385          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1386          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1387          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1388          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1389          */
1390         if (nographic
1391             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1392             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1393             exit(1);
1394         }
1395     }
1396 
1397     if (nographic) {
1398         if (default_parallel) {
1399             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1400         }
1401         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1402             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1403         } else {
1404             if (default_serial) {
1405                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1406             }
1407             if (default_monitor) {
1408                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1409             }
1410         }
1411     } else {
1412         if (default_serial) {
1413             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, vc ?: "null");
1414         }
1415         if (default_parallel) {
1416             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, vc ?: "null");
1417         }
1418         if (default_monitor && vc) {
1419             monitor_parse(vc, "readline", false);
1420         }
1421     }
1422 
1423     if (default_net) {
1424         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1425         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1426 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1427         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1428 #endif
1429     }
1430 
1431     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1432     if (default_vga) {
1433         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1434     }
1435     if (vga_model) {
1436         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1437     }
1438 }
1439 
1440 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
1441 {
1442     int index = num_serial_hds;
1443     char label[32];
1444 
1445     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1446         return 0;
1447     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1448     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1449 
1450     serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1451     if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1452         error_report("could not connect serial device"
1453                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1454         return -1;
1455     }
1456     num_serial_hds++;
1457     return 0;
1458 }
1459 
1460 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1461 {
1462     assert(i >= 0);
1463     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1464         return serial_hds[i];
1465     }
1466     return NULL;
1467 }
1468 
1469 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
1470 {
1471     static int index = 0;
1472     char label[32];
1473 
1474     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1475         return 0;
1476     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1477         error_report("too many parallel ports");
1478         exit(1);
1479     }
1480     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1481     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1482     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1483         error_report("could not connect parallel device"
1484                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1485         return -1;
1486     }
1487     index++;
1488     return 0;
1489 }
1490 
1491 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
1492 {
1493     QemuOpts *opts;
1494 
1495     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1496         error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1497         exit(1);
1498     }
1499     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1500     if (!opts) {
1501         error_report("already have a debugcon device");
1502         exit(1);
1503     }
1504     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1505     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1506     return 0;
1507 }
1508 
1509 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1510 {
1511     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1512     int res;
1513 
1514     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1515         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1516             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1517              * in increasing order.
1518              */
1519             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1520                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1521         }
1522 
1523         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1524         return 1;
1525     }
1526 
1527     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1528         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1529         return -1;
1530     }
1531 
1532     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1533     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1534     if (res != 0) {
1535         return res;
1536     }
1537 
1538     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1539     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1540                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1541 }
1542 
1543 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1544 {
1545     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = NULL;
1546     GSList *el;
1547     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1548 
1549     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1550     if (type) {
1551         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1552         if (machine_class) {
1553             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1554             return;
1555         }
1556     }
1557 
1558     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1559     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1560     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1561         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1562         if (mc->alias) {
1563             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1564         }
1565         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1566                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1567                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1568     }
1569 }
1570 
1571 static void
1572 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1573 {
1574     QDict *opts;
1575 
1576     opts = qdict_new();
1577     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1578     qobject_ref(prop);
1579     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1580     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1581     qobject_unref(opts);
1582 }
1583 
1584 static void
1585 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1586                            const char *arg)
1587 {
1588     QDict *prop = NULL;
1589     bool help = false;
1590 
1591     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1592     if (help) {
1593         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1594         exit(0);
1595     }
1596     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1597     qobject_unref(prop);
1598 }
1599 
1600 static const char *pid_file;
1601 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1602     Notifier notifier;
1603     char *pid_file_realpath;
1604 };
1605 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1606 
1607 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1608 {
1609     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1610 
1611     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1612     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1613 }
1614 
1615 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1616                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1617 {
1618     const QEMUOption *popt;
1619     int optind = *poptind;
1620     char *r = argv[optind];
1621     const char *optarg;
1622 
1623     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1624     optind++;
1625     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1626     if (r[1] == '-')
1627         r++;
1628     popt = qemu_options;
1629     for(;;) {
1630         if (!popt->name) {
1631             error_report("invalid option");
1632             exit(1);
1633         }
1634         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1635             break;
1636         popt++;
1637     }
1638     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1639         if (optind >= argc) {
1640             error_report("requires an argument");
1641             exit(1);
1642         }
1643         optarg = argv[optind++];
1644         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1645     } else {
1646         optarg = NULL;
1647     }
1648 
1649     *poptarg = optarg;
1650     *poptind = optind;
1651 
1652     return popt;
1653 }
1654 
1655 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1656 {
1657     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1658     GSList *machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1659     MachineClass *machine_class;
1660     Error *local_err = NULL;
1661 
1662     if (machine_type) {
1663         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1664         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1665         if (!machine_class) {
1666             error_setg(&local_err, "unsupported machine type");
1667         }
1668     } else {
1669         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1670         if (!machine_class) {
1671             error_setg(&local_err, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1672         }
1673     }
1674 
1675     g_slist_free(machines);
1676     if (local_err) {
1677         error_append_hint(&local_err, "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1678         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1679     }
1680     return machine_class;
1681 }
1682 
1683 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1684                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1685                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1686 {
1687     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1688         return 0;
1689     }
1690 
1691     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1692         return -1;
1693     }
1694 
1695     return 0;
1696 }
1697 
1698 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1699 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1700 {
1701     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1702     char *p;
1703 
1704     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1705         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1706 
1707         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1708         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1709             continue;
1710         }
1711         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1712         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1713             if (*p == '_') {
1714                 *p = '-';
1715             }
1716         }
1717         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1718             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1719             return;
1720         }
1721         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1722         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1723         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1724     }
1725 }
1726 
1727 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1728 {
1729     const char *value;
1730     QObject *prop;
1731 
1732     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1733 
1734     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1735     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1736     if (value) {
1737         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1738         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1739     }
1740 
1741     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1742     if (value) {
1743         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1744                                    false);
1745         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1746     }
1747 
1748     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1749     if (value) {
1750         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1751                                    false);
1752         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1753     }
1754 
1755     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1756     if (value) {
1757         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1758                                    false);
1759         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1760                                    false);
1761         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1762     }
1763 
1764     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1765     if (value) {
1766         if (mem_path) {
1767             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1768                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1769             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1770         }
1771 
1772         /* Resolved later.  */
1773         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1774         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1775     }
1776 
1777     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1778     if (prop) {
1779         have_custom_ram_size =
1780             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1781             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1782     }
1783 }
1784 
1785 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1786 {
1787     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1788 
1789     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1790         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1791         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1792             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1793             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1794             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1795             g_free(opt);
1796         }
1797     }
1798 }
1799 
1800 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1801 {
1802     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1803     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1804     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1805 }
1806 
1807 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1808 {
1809     QemuOpts *opts;
1810     const char *type;
1811     Visitor *v;
1812 
1813     if (str[0] == '{') {
1814         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1815 
1816         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1817         qobject_unref(obj);
1818     } else {
1819         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1820                                        str, true);
1821         if (!opts) {
1822             exit(1);
1823         }
1824 
1825         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1826         if (!type) {
1827             error_setg(&error_fatal, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1828         }
1829         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1830             exit(0);
1831         }
1832 
1833         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1834     }
1835 
1836     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1837     visit_free(v);
1838 }
1839 
1840 /*
1841  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1842  */
1843 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1844 {
1845     /*
1846      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1847      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1848      */
1849 
1850     /*
1851      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1852      * affinity of threads.
1853      */
1854     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1855         return true;
1856     }
1857 
1858     return false;
1859 }
1860 
1861 /*
1862  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1863  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1864  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1865  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1866  * already existing.
1867  */
1868 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1869 {
1870     /*
1871      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1872      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1873      */
1874 
1875     /* Reason: already created. */
1876     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1877         return false;
1878     }
1879 
1880     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1881     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1882         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1883         return false;
1884     }
1885 
1886 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1887     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1888     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1889         return false;
1890     }
1891 #endif
1892 
1893     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1894     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1895         return false;
1896     }
1897     /*
1898      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1899      */
1900     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1901         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1902         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1903         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1904         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1905         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1906         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1907         return false;
1908     }
1909 
1910     /*
1911      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1912      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1913      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1914      * (e.g. libvirt).
1915      */
1916     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1917         return false;
1918     }
1919 
1920     return true;
1921 }
1922 
1923 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1924 {
1925     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1926 
1927     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1928         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1929         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1930     }
1931 
1932     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1933         replay_add_blocker("smp");
1934     }
1935 }
1936 
1937 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1938 {
1939     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1940 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1941     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1942 #else
1943     const bool use_sdl = false;
1944 #endif
1945 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1946     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1947 #else
1948     const bool use_gtk = false;
1949 #endif
1950 
1951     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1952         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1953                      "ignoring option");
1954     }
1955 
1956     qemu_console_early_init();
1957 
1958     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1959 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1960         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
1961 #else
1962         error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
1963 #endif
1964         exit(1);
1965     }
1966 
1967     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1968 
1969     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1970     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1971     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1972     qemu_spice.init();
1973 
1974     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1975                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1976 
1977 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1978     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1979                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1980 #endif
1981 
1982     /*
1983      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
1984      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
1985      */
1986     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
1987     audio_init_audiodevs();
1988     if (default_audio) {
1989         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
1990     }
1991 }
1992 
1993 
1994 /*
1995  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
1996  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
1997  */
1998 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
1999 {
2000     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
2001 }
2002 
2003 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
2004 {
2005     if (qtest_chrdev) {
2006         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
2007     }
2008 
2009     net_init_clients();
2010 
2011     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
2012 
2013     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
2014         exit(1);
2015     }
2016 
2017     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
2018                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2019 
2020     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
2021         exit(1);
2022     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
2023         exit(1);
2024     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
2025         exit(1);
2026 
2027     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2028     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2029 }
2030 
2031 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2032 {
2033     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2034         Object *backend;
2035         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2036 
2037         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2038                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2039         if (!backend) {
2040             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2041             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2042         }
2043         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2044             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2045             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2046         }
2047         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2048                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2049     }
2050 }
2051 
2052 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2053 {
2054     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2055     QDict *dict, *prop;
2056     const char *mem_str;
2057     Location loc;
2058 
2059     loc_push_none(&loc);
2060     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2061 
2062     prop = qdict_new();
2063 
2064     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2065         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2066         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2067         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2068             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2069             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2070         } else {
2071             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2072         }
2073     }
2074 
2075     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2076         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2077     }
2078     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2079         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2080     }
2081 
2082     dict = qdict_new();
2083     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2084     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2085     qobject_unref(dict);
2086     loc_pop(&loc);
2087 }
2088 
2089 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2090 {
2091     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2092     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2093 
2094     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2095     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2096                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2097     object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
2098                                             "/unattached"),
2099                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2100 
2101     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2102         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2103             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2104              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2105              */
2106             g_assert_not_reached();
2107         }
2108     }
2109 
2110     cpu_exec_init_all();
2111     page_size_init();
2112 
2113     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2114         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2115     }
2116 
2117     /*
2118      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2119      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2120      */
2121     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2122         QDict *default_opts =
2123             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2124                          &error_abort);
2125         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2126         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2127                                           false, &error_abort);
2128         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2129     }
2130 }
2131 
2132 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2133 {
2134     GlobalProperty *g;
2135 
2136     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2137     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2138     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2139     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2140     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2141     return 0;
2142 }
2143 
2144 /*
2145  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2146  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2147  */
2148 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2149 {
2150     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2151         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2152         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2153         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2154         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2155         return false;
2156     }
2157     return true;
2158 }
2159 
2160 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2161                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2162 {
2163     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2164         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2165         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2166         visit_free(v);
2167 
2168     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2169         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2170         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2171         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2172             audio_define(dev);
2173         }
2174         visit_free(v);
2175 
2176     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2177         /*
2178          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2179          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2180          */
2181         assert(!from_json);
2182         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2183     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2184         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2185     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2186         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2187     } else {
2188         abort();
2189     }
2190 }
2191 
2192 /*
2193  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2194  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2195  */
2196 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2197                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2198 {
2199     QObject *crumpled;
2200     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2201         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2202         return;
2203     }
2204 
2205     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2206     if (!crumpled) {
2207         return;
2208     }
2209     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2210     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2211         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2212         break;
2213     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2214         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2215         break;
2216     default:
2217         g_assert_not_reached();
2218     }
2219     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2220 }
2221 
2222 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2223 {
2224     ERRP_GUARD();
2225     int ret;
2226     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2227 
2228     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2229     if (ret < 0) {
2230         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2231             error_free(*errp);
2232             *errp = NULL;
2233         }
2234     }
2235 }
2236 
2237 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2238 {
2239     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2240     QemuOptsList *list;
2241     QemuOpts *opts;
2242     int rc, offset;
2243 
2244     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2245     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2246         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2247         return;
2248     }
2249 
2250     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2251         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2252     } else {
2253         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2254         if (list) {
2255             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2256             if (!opts) {
2257                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2258                 return;
2259             }
2260             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2261         }
2262     }
2263 }
2264 
2265 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2266 {
2267     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2268                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2269 }
2270 
2271 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2272 {
2273     icount_configure(opts, errp);
2274     return 0;
2275 }
2276 
2277 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2278                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2279                                 Error **errp)
2280 {
2281     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2282 }
2283 
2284 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2285 {
2286     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2287     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2288     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2289     AccelState *accel;
2290     int ret;
2291     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2292 
2293     if (!acc) {
2294         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2295         goto bad;
2296     }
2297 
2298     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2299 
2300     if (!ac) {
2301         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2302             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2303         }
2304         goto bad;
2305     }
2306     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2307     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2308     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2309                      accel,
2310                      &error_fatal);
2311     /*
2312      * If legacy -singlestep option is set, honour it for TCG and
2313      * silently ignore for any other accelerator (which is how this
2314      * option has always behaved).
2315      */
2316     if (opt_one_insn_per_tb) {
2317         /*
2318          * This will always succeed for TCG, and we want to ignore
2319          * the error from trying to set a nonexistent property
2320          * on any other accelerator.
2321          */
2322         object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(accel), "one-insn-per-tb", true, NULL);
2323     }
2324     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2325     if (ret < 0) {
2326         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2327             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2328         }
2329         goto bad;
2330     }
2331 
2332     return 1;
2333 
2334 bad:
2335     *p_init_failed = true;
2336     return 0;
2337 }
2338 
2339 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2340 {
2341     bool init_failed = false;
2342 
2343     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2344                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2345 
2346     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2347         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2348 
2349         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2350             /* Select the default accelerator */
2351             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2352             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2353 
2354             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2355                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2356                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2357                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2358                 } else {
2359                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2360                 }
2361             } else if (have_kvm) {
2362                 accelerators = "kvm";
2363             } else if (have_tcg) {
2364                 accelerators = "tcg";
2365             } else {
2366                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2367                              " no default accelerator available");
2368                 exit(1);
2369             }
2370         }
2371         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2372 
2373         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2374             /*
2375              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2376              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2377              */
2378             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2379                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2380             } else {
2381                 init_failed = true;
2382                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2383             }
2384         }
2385         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2386     } else {
2387         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2388             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2389             exit(1);
2390         }
2391     }
2392 
2393     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2394                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2395         if (!init_failed) {
2396             error_report("no accelerator found");
2397         }
2398         exit(1);
2399     }
2400 
2401     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2402         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2403     }
2404 
2405     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2406         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2407         exit(1);
2408     }
2409 }
2410 
2411 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2412 {
2413     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2414     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2415     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2416 
2417     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2418          if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2419               error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2420               exit(1);
2421           }
2422 
2423           if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2424               error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2425               exit(1);
2426           }
2427     }
2428 
2429     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2430         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2431                      "mutually exclusive");
2432         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2433     }
2434     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2435         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2436         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2437     }
2438 
2439 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2440     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2441         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2442         exit(1);
2443     }
2444 #endif
2445 }
2446 
2447 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2448 {
2449     if (mem_prealloc) {
2450         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2451         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2452             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2453             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2454                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2455                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2456                                            val, false);
2457             }
2458         }
2459         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2460     }
2461 }
2462 
2463 /* -action processing */
2464 
2465 /*
2466  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2467  */
2468 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2469 {
2470     Error *local_err = NULL;
2471     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2472     QObject *ret = NULL;
2473     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2474     qobject_unref(ret);
2475     qobject_unref(qdict);
2476     if (local_err) {
2477         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2478         return 1;
2479     }
2480     return 0;
2481 }
2482 
2483 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2484 {
2485     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2486                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2487 
2488     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2489 
2490 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2491     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2492     if (olist) {
2493         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2494     }
2495 #endif
2496 
2497     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2498                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2499         exit(1);
2500     }
2501 
2502 #ifndef _WIN32
2503     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2504                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2505 
2506     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2507                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2508 #endif
2509 
2510     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2511     {
2512         int mask = 0;
2513         if (log_mask) {
2514             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2515             if (!mask) {
2516                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2517                 exit(1);
2518             }
2519         }
2520         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2521     }
2522 
2523     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2524 }
2525 
2526 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2527 {
2528     /*
2529      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2530      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2531      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2532      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2533      */
2534     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2535         list_cpus();
2536         exit(0);
2537     }
2538 
2539     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2540                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2541         exit(0);
2542     }
2543 
2544     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2545     if (list_data_dirs) {
2546         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2547         exit(0);
2548     }
2549 }
2550 
2551 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2552 {
2553     Error *err = NULL;
2554 
2555     os_daemonize();
2556     rcu_disable_atfork();
2557 
2558     if (pid_file) {
2559         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2560 
2561         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2562             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2563             exit(1);
2564         }
2565 
2566         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2567         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2568             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2569                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2570                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2571             }
2572             return;
2573         }
2574 
2575         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2576             .notifier = {
2577                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2578             },
2579             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2580         };
2581         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2582     }
2583 }
2584 
2585 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2586 {
2587     DisplayState *ds;
2588 
2589     /* init local displays */
2590     ds = init_displaystate();
2591     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2592 
2593     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2594     os_setup_signal_handling();
2595 
2596     /* init remote displays */
2597 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2598     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2599                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2600 #endif
2601 
2602     if (using_spice) {
2603         qemu_spice.display_init();
2604     }
2605 }
2606 
2607 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2608 {
2609     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2610     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2611 
2612     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2613     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2614 
2615     drive_check_orphaned();
2616 
2617     realtime_init();
2618 }
2619 
2620 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2621 {
2622     DeviceOption *opt;
2623 
2624     soundhw_init();
2625 
2626     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2627                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2628 
2629     /* init USB devices */
2630     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2631         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
2632             exit(1);
2633     }
2634 
2635     /* init generic devices */
2636     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2637     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2638                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2639     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2640         DeviceState *dev;
2641         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2642         /*
2643          * TODO Eventually we should call qmp_device_add() here to make sure it
2644          * behaves the same, but QMP still has to accept incorrectly typed
2645          * options until libvirt is fixed and we want to be strict on the CLI
2646          * from the start, so call qdev_device_add_from_qdict() directly for
2647          * now.
2648          */
2649         dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(opt->opts, true, &error_fatal);
2650         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
2651         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2652     }
2653     rom_reset_order_override();
2654 }
2655 
2656 static void qemu_machine_creation_done(void)
2657 {
2658     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2659 
2660     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2661     drive_check_orphaned();
2662 
2663     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2664      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2665      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2666      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2667      * requested one
2668      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2669      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2670      */
2671     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2672         net_check_clients();
2673     }
2674 
2675     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2676 
2677     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2678 
2679     if (machine->cgs) {
2680         /*
2681          * Verify that Confidential Guest Support has actually been initialized
2682          */
2683         assert(machine->cgs->ready);
2684     }
2685 
2686     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
2687         exit(1);
2688     }
2689     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2690         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2691         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2692                     "type does not use that option; "
2693                     "No VGA device has been created");
2694     }
2695 }
2696 
2697 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2698 {
2699     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2700         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2701         return;
2702     }
2703 
2704     qemu_init_board();
2705     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2706     qemu_machine_creation_done();
2707 
2708     if (loadvm) {
2709         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2710     }
2711     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2712         replay_vmstate_init();
2713     }
2714 
2715     if (incoming) {
2716         Error *local_err = NULL;
2717         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2718             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, false, NULL, &local_err);
2719             if (local_err) {
2720                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2721                 exit(1);
2722             }
2723         }
2724     } else if (autostart) {
2725         qmp_cont(NULL);
2726     }
2727 }
2728 
2729 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2730 {
2731     QemuOpts *opts;
2732     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2733     QemuOptsList *olist;
2734     int optind;
2735     const char *optarg;
2736     MachineClass *machine_class;
2737     bool userconfig = true;
2738     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2739 
2740     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2741     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2742     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2743     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2744     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2745     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2746     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2747     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2748     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2749     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2750     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2751     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2752     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2753     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2754     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2755     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2756     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2757     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2758     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2759     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2760     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2761     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2762     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2763     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2764     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2765     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2766     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2767     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2768     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2769     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2770     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2771     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2772     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2773 
2774     error_init(argv[0]);
2775     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2776 
2777     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2778 
2779     qemu_init_subsystems();
2780 
2781     /* first pass of option parsing */
2782     optind = 1;
2783     while (optind < argc) {
2784         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2785             /* disk image */
2786             optind++;
2787         } else {
2788             const QEMUOption *popt;
2789 
2790             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2791             switch (popt->index) {
2792             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2793                 userconfig = false;
2794                 break;
2795             }
2796         }
2797     }
2798 
2799     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2800     if (userconfig) {
2801         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2802     }
2803 
2804     /* second pass of option parsing */
2805     optind = 1;
2806     for(;;) {
2807         if (optind >= argc)
2808             break;
2809         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2810             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2811             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2812         } else {
2813             const QEMUOption *popt;
2814 
2815             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2816             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2817                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2818                 exit(1);
2819             }
2820             switch(popt->index) {
2821             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2822                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2823                 cpu_option = optarg;
2824                 break;
2825             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2826             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2827             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2828             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2829                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2830                           HD_OPTS);
2831                 break;
2832             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2833                 {
2834                     Visitor *v;
2835                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2836 
2837                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2838                                                       &error_fatal);
2839 
2840                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2841                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2842                                                &error_fatal);
2843                     visit_free(v);
2844                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2845                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2846                     break;
2847                 }
2848             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2849                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2850                                                optarg, false);
2851                 if (opts == NULL) {
2852                     exit(1);
2853                 }
2854                 break;
2855             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2856                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2857                 break;
2858             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2859                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2860                     exit(1);
2861                 break;
2862             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2863                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2864                 break;
2865             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2866                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2867                 break;
2868             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2869                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2870                 break;
2871             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2872                 snapshot = 1;
2873                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2874                 break;
2875             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2876                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2877                                                optarg, true);
2878                 if (!opts) {
2879                     exit(1);
2880                 }
2881                 break;
2882             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2883                 parse_display(optarg);
2884                 break;
2885             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2886                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2887                 nographic = true;
2888                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2889                 break;
2890             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
2891                 graphic_rotate = 90;
2892                 break;
2893             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
2894                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
2895                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
2896                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
2897                     error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
2898                     exit(1);
2899                 }
2900                 break;
2901             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2902                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2903                 break;
2904             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2905                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2906                 break;
2907             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2908                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2909                 break;
2910             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2911                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2912                 break;
2913             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2914                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2915                 break;
2916             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2917                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2918                 break;
2919             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2920             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2921                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2922                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2923                 break;
2924             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2925                 fd_bootchk = 0;
2926                 break;
2927             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2928                 default_net = 0;
2929                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2930                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2931                 } else {
2932                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2933                 }
2934                 break;
2935             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2936                 default_net = 0;
2937                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2938                 break;
2939             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2940                 default_net = 0;
2941                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2942                 break;
2943 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2944             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2945                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2946                                                optarg, false);
2947                 if (!opts) {
2948                     exit(1);
2949                 }
2950                 break;
2951 #endif
2952             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2953                 default_audio = 0;
2954                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2955                 break;
2956             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2957                 bool help;
2958                 char *model = NULL;
2959                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2960                 Visitor *v;
2961                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2962                 default_audio = 0;
2963                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2964                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2965                     audio_help();
2966                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2967                 }
2968                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2969                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2970                 }
2971                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2972                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2973                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2974                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2975                         show_valid_soundhw();
2976                         exit(0);
2977                     }
2978                 }
2979                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2980                 qobject_unref(dict);
2981                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
2982                 visit_free(v);
2983                 if (model) {
2984                     audio_define(dev);
2985                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
2986                     g_free(model);
2987                 } else {
2988                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
2989                 }
2990                 break;
2991             }
2992             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
2993                 help(0);
2994                 break;
2995             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
2996                 version();
2997                 exit(0);
2998                 break;
2999             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
3000                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
3001                 if (opts == NULL) {
3002                     exit(1);
3003                 }
3004                 break;
3005 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
3006             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
3007                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
3008                     exit(1);
3009                 }
3010                 break;
3011 #endif
3012             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
3013                 mem_path = optarg;
3014                 break;
3015             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
3016                 mem_prealloc = 1;
3017                 break;
3018             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3019                 log_mask = optarg;
3020                 break;
3021             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3022                 log_file = optarg;
3023                 break;
3024             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3025                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3026                 break;
3027 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3028             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3029                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3030                 break;
3031             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3032                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3033                 break;
3034 #endif
3035             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3036                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3037                 break;
3038             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3039                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3040                 break;
3041             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3042                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3043                 break;
3044             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3045                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3046                     list_data_dirs = true;
3047                 } else {
3048                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3049                 }
3050                 break;
3051             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3052                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3053                 break;
3054             case QEMU_OPTION_singlestep:
3055                 opt_one_insn_per_tb = true;
3056                 break;
3057             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3058                 autostart = 0;
3059                 break;
3060             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3061                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3062                 break;
3063             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3064                 vga_model = optarg;
3065                 default_vga = 0;
3066                 break;
3067             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3068                 {
3069                     const char *p;
3070                     int w, h, depth;
3071                     p = optarg;
3072                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3073                     if (w <= 0) {
3074                     graphic_error:
3075                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3076                         exit(1);
3077                     }
3078                     if (*p != 'x')
3079                         goto graphic_error;
3080                     p++;
3081                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3082                     if (h <= 0)
3083                         goto graphic_error;
3084                     if (*p == 'x') {
3085                         p++;
3086                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3087                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3088                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3089                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3090                             goto graphic_error;
3091                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3092                         depth = graphic_depth;
3093                     } else {
3094                         goto graphic_error;
3095                     }
3096 
3097                     graphic_width = w;
3098                     graphic_height = h;
3099                     graphic_depth = depth;
3100                 }
3101                 break;
3102             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3103                 {
3104                     char *r;
3105                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3106                     if (r == optarg)
3107                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3108                     break;
3109                 }
3110             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3111                 default_monitor = 0;
3112                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3113                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3114                 }
3115                 break;
3116             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3117                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3118                 default_monitor = 0;
3119                 break;
3120             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3121                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3122                 default_monitor = 0;
3123                 break;
3124             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3125                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3126                                                true);
3127                 if (!opts) {
3128                     exit(1);
3129                 }
3130                 default_monitor = 0;
3131                 break;
3132             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3133                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3134                                                optarg, true);
3135                 if (!opts) {
3136                     exit(1);
3137                 }
3138                 break;
3139             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3140                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3141                 if (!olist) {
3142                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3143                     exit(1);
3144                 }
3145                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3146                 if (!opts) {
3147                     exit(1);
3148                 }
3149                 break;
3150             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3151                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3152                 QemuOpts *device;
3153                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3154                            *multidevs;
3155 
3156                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3157                 if (!olist) {
3158                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3159                     exit(1);
3160                 }
3161                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3162                 if (!opts) {
3163                     exit(1);
3164                 }
3165 
3166                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3167                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3168                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3169                     exit(1);
3170                 }
3171                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3172                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3173                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3174                                          1, NULL);
3175                 if (!fsdev) {
3176                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3177                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3178                     exit(1);
3179                 }
3180 
3181                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3182                 if (writeout) {
3183 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3184                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3185 #else
3186                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3187                                  "on this platform");
3188                     exit(1);
3189 #endif
3190                 }
3191                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3192                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3193                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3194                 if (path) {
3195                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3196                 }
3197                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3198                 if (security_model) {
3199                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3200                                  &error_abort);
3201                 }
3202                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3203                 if (socket) {
3204                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3205                 }
3206                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3207                 if (sock_fd) {
3208                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3209                 }
3210 
3211                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3212                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3213                                   &error_abort);
3214                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3215                 if (multidevs) {
3216                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3217                 }
3218                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3219                                           &error_abort);
3220                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3221                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3222                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3223                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3224                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3225                 break;
3226             }
3227             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3228                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3229                 default_serial = 0;
3230                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3231                     default_monitor = 0;
3232                 }
3233                 break;
3234             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3235                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3236                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3237                      exit(1);
3238                 }
3239                 break;
3240             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3241                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3242                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3243                 break;
3244             }
3245             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3246                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3247                 default_parallel = 0;
3248                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3249                     default_monitor = 0;
3250                 }
3251                 break;
3252             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3253                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3254                 break;
3255             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3256                 loadvm = optarg;
3257                 break;
3258             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3259                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3260                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3261                 break;
3262             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3263                 pid_file = optarg;
3264                 break;
3265             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3266                 win2k_install_hack = 1;
3267                 break;
3268             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3269                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3270                                                optarg, true);
3271                 if (!opts) {
3272                     exit(1);
3273                 }
3274                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3275                 break;
3276             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3277                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3278                                                optarg, false);
3279                 if (!opts) {
3280                     exit(1);
3281                 }
3282                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3283                 break;
3284             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3285                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3286                                                optarg, true);
3287                 if (opts == NULL) {
3288                     exit(1);
3289                 }
3290                 break;
3291             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3292                 preconfig_requested = true;
3293                 break;
3294             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3295                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3296                 break;
3297             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3298             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3299                 {
3300                     bool help;
3301 
3302                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3303                     if (help) {
3304                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3305                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3306                     }
3307                     break;
3308                 }
3309             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3310                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3311                                                      optarg, true);
3312                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3313                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3314                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3315                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3316                                                                     false);
3317                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3318                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3319                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3320                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3321                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3322                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3323                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3324                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3325                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3326                             g_strfreev(optname);
3327                         }
3328                         g_free(typename);
3329                     }
3330                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3331                     exit(0);
3332                 }
3333                 break;
3334             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3335                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3336                 break;
3337             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3338                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3339                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3340                 break;
3341             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3342                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3343                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3344                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3345                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3346                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3347                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3348                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3349                 } else {
3350                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3351                                                  optarg, true)) {
3352                         exit(1);
3353                     }
3354                 }
3355                 break;
3356             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3357                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3358                                            "smp", optarg);
3359                 break;
3360 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
3361             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3362                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3363                 display_remote++;
3364                 break;
3365 #endif
3366             case QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi:
3367                 warn_report("-no-acpi is deprecated, use '-machine acpi=off' instead");
3368                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "acpi", "off");
3369                 break;
3370             case QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet:
3371                 warn_report("-no-hpet is deprecated, use '-machine hpet=off' instead");
3372                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "hpet", "off");
3373                 break;
3374             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3375                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3376                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3377                 break;
3378             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3379                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3380                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3381                 break;
3382             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3383                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3384                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3385                     exit(1);
3386                 }
3387                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3388                 break;
3389             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3390                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3391                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3392                     exit(1);
3393                 }
3394                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3395                                                optarg, true);
3396                 if (!opts) {
3397                     exit(1);
3398                 }
3399                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3400                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3401                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3402                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3403                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3404                     exit(1);
3405                 }
3406                 nb_option_roms++;
3407                 break;
3408             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3409                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3410                 break;
3411             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3412                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3413                     exit(1);
3414                 }
3415                 break;
3416             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3417                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3418                                                optarg, true);
3419                 if (!opts) {
3420                     exit(1);
3421                 }
3422                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3423                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3424                 break;
3425             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3426                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3427                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3428                     exit(1);
3429                 }
3430                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3431                 nb_prom_envs++;
3432                 break;
3433             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3434                 old_param = 1;
3435                 break;
3436             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3437                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3438                                                false);
3439                 if (!opts) {
3440                     exit(1);
3441                 }
3442                 break;
3443             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3444                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3445                                                       optarg, true);
3446                 if (!icount_opts) {
3447                     exit(1);
3448                 }
3449                 break;
3450             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3451                 if (!incoming) {
3452                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3453                 }
3454                 incoming = optarg;
3455                 break;
3456             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3457                 only_migratable = 1;
3458                 break;
3459             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3460                 has_defaults = 0;
3461                 break;
3462             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3463                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3464                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3465                     exit(1);
3466                 }
3467                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3468                 break;
3469             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3470                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3471                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3472                     exit(1);
3473                 }
3474                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3475                 break;
3476             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3477                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3478                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3479                     exit(1);
3480                 }
3481                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3482                 break;
3483             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3484                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3485                 break;
3486             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3487                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3488                 break;
3489             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3490                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3491                 break;
3492 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3493             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3494                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("spice"), optarg, false);
3495                 if (!opts) {
3496                     exit(1);
3497                 }
3498                 display_remote++;
3499                 break;
3500 #endif
3501             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3502                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3503                 break;
3504             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3505                 qtest_log = optarg;
3506                 break;
3507             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3508                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3509                 if (!olist) {
3510 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3511                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3512                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3513 #endif
3514                     exit(1);
3515                 }
3516 
3517                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3518                 if (!opts) {
3519                     exit(1);
3520                 }
3521                 break;
3522             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3523 #ifndef _WIN32
3524                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3525                                                optarg, false);
3526                 if (!opts) {
3527                     exit(1);
3528                 }
3529 #else
3530                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3531                              "platform");
3532                 exit(1);
3533 #endif
3534                 break;
3535             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3536                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3537                 break;
3538             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3539                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3540                                                optarg, false);
3541                 if (!opts) {
3542                     exit(1);
3543                 }
3544                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", false);
3545                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", false);
3546                 break;
3547             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3548                 {
3549                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3550                     Visitor *v;
3551 
3552                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3553                                                       &error_fatal);
3554 
3555                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3556                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3557 
3558                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3559                     visit_free(v);
3560                     break;
3561                 }
3562             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3563                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3564                                                false);
3565                 if (!opts) {
3566                     exit(1);
3567                 }
3568                 configure_msg(opts);
3569                 break;
3570             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3571                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3572                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3573                                  "option may be given");
3574                     exit(1);
3575                 }
3576                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3577                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3578                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3579                     exit(1);
3580                 }
3581                 break;
3582             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3583                 qsp_enable();
3584                 break;
3585             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3586                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3587                 break;
3588 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3589             case QEMU_OPTION_runas:
3590                 if (!os_set_runas(optarg)) {
3591                     error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3592                                  " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3593                                  optarg);
3594                     exit(1);
3595                 }
3596                 break;
3597             case QEMU_OPTION_chroot:
3598                 warn_report("option is deprecated,"
3599                             " use '-run-with chroot=...' instead");
3600                 os_set_chroot(optarg);
3601                 break;
3602             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3603                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3604                 break;
3605 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3606             /* deprecated */
3607             case QEMU_OPTION_asyncteardown:
3608                 init_async_teardown();
3609                 break;
3610 #endif
3611             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3612                 const char *str;
3613                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3614                                                          optarg, false);
3615                 if (!opts) {
3616                     exit(1);
3617                 }
3618 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3619                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3620                     init_async_teardown();
3621                 }
3622 #endif
3623                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3624                 if (str) {
3625                     os_set_chroot(str);
3626                 }
3627                 break;
3628             }
3629 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3630 
3631             default:
3632                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3633                 exit(1);
3634             }
3635         }
3636     }
3637     /*
3638      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3639      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3640      */
3641     loc_set_none();
3642 
3643     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3644     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3645 
3646     /*
3647      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3648      * before daemonizing.
3649      */
3650     qemu_process_early_options();
3651 
3652     qemu_process_help_options();
3653     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3654 
3655     /*
3656      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3657      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3658      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3659      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3660      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3661      * process will be left in the host.
3662      */
3663     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3664         exit(1);
3665     }
3666     trace_init_file();
3667 
3668     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3669     cpu_timers_init();
3670 
3671     user_register_global_props();
3672     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3673 
3674     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3675 
3676     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3677     parse_memory_options();
3678 
3679     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3680 
3681     suspend_mux_open();
3682 
3683     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3684     qemu_setup_display();
3685     qemu_create_default_devices();
3686     qemu_create_early_backends();
3687 
3688     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3689     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3690     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3691     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3692 
3693     /*
3694      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3695      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3696      */
3697     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3698     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3699 
3700     /*
3701      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3702      * compat properties.
3703      *
3704      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3705      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3706      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3707      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3708      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3709      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3710      *
3711      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3712      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3713      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3714      */
3715 
3716     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3717     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3718         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3719                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3720     }
3721 
3722     /*
3723      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3724      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3725      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3726      */
3727     qemu_create_late_backends();
3728 
3729     /*
3730      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3731      * compat properties have been set up.
3732      */
3733     migration_object_init();
3734 
3735     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3736     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class->default_cpu_type;
3737     if (cpu_option) {
3738         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3739     }
3740     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3741 
3742     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3743     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3744 
3745     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3746         /* dump and exit */
3747         module_load_qom_all();
3748         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3749         exit(0);
3750     }
3751 
3752     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3753         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3754     }
3755     qemu_init_displays();
3756     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3757     os_setup_post();
3758     resume_mux_open();
3759 }
3760