xref: /openbmc/qemu/system/vl.c (revision 7200fb21)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
44 #include "sysemu/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
46 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
47 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
68 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
69 #include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "qemu/timer.h"
72 #include "chardev/char.h"
73 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
74 #include "qemu/log.h"
75 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
76 #include "hw/block/block.h"
77 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
79 #include "migration/misc.h"
80 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
81 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
82 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
83 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
84 #include "audio/audio.h"
85 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
86 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
87 #include "migration/colo.h"
88 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
89 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
90 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
91 #include "qemu/option.h"
92 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
93 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
94 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
95 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
96 #endif
97 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
98 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
99 #include "accel/tcg/perf.h"
100 #endif
101 
102 #include "disas/disas.h"
103 
104 #include "trace.h"
105 #include "trace/control.h"
106 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
107 #include "qemu/queue.h"
108 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
109 #include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
110 
111 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
112 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
113 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
115 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
116 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
117 #include "crypto/init.h"
118 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
119 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
131 #include "block/qdict.h"
132 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
133 #include "sysemu/iothread.h"
134 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
135 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
136 
137 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
138 
139 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
140     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
141     Location loc;
142     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
143 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
144 
145 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
146 
147 typedef struct ObjectOption {
148     ObjectOptions *opts;
149     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
150 } ObjectOption;
151 
152 typedef struct DeviceOption {
153     QDict *opts;
154     Location loc;
155     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
156 } DeviceOption;
157 
158 static const char *cpu_option;
159 static const char *mem_path;
160 static const char *incoming;
161 static const char *loadvm;
162 static const char *accelerators;
163 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
164 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
165 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
166 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
168 static int display_remote;
169 static int snapshot;
170 static bool preconfig_requested;
171 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
172 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
173 static bool nographic = false;
174 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
175 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
176 static DisplayOptions dpy;
177 static int num_serial_hds;
178 static Chardev **serial_hds;
179 static const char *log_mask;
180 static const char *log_file;
181 static bool list_data_dirs;
182 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
183 static const char *qtest_log;
184 static bool opt_one_insn_per_tb;
185 
186 static int has_defaults = 1;
187 static int default_audio = 1;
188 static int default_serial = 1;
189 static int default_parallel = 1;
190 static int default_monitor = 1;
191 static int default_floppy = 1;
192 static int default_cdrom = 1;
193 static int default_sdcard = 1;
194 static int default_vga = 1;
195 static int default_net = 1;
196 
197 static const struct {
198     const char *driver;
199     int *flag;
200 } default_list[] = {
201     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
203     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
204     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
206     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
210     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
220 };
221 
222 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
223     .name = "rtc",
224     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
225     .merge_lists = true,
226     .desc = {
227         {
228             .name = "base",
229             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
230         },{
231             .name = "clock",
232             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
233         },{
234             .name = "driftfix",
235             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
236         },
237         { /* end of list */ }
238     },
239 };
240 
241 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
242     .name = "option-rom",
243     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
244     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
245     .desc = {
246         {
247             .name = "bootindex",
248             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
249         }, {
250             .name = "romfile",
251             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
252         },
253         { /* end of list */ }
254     },
255 };
256 
257 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
258     .name = "accel",
259     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
260     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
261     .desc = {
262         /*
263          * no elements => accept any
264          * sanity checking will happen later
265          * when setting accelerator properties
266          */
267         { }
268     },
269 };
270 
271 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
272     .name = "boot-opts",
273     .implied_opt_name = "order",
274     .merge_lists = true,
275     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
276     .desc = {
277         {
278             .name = "order",
279             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
280         }, {
281             .name = "once",
282             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
283         }, {
284             .name = "menu",
285             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
286         }, {
287             .name = "splash",
288             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
289         }, {
290             .name = "splash-time",
291             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
292         }, {
293             .name = "reboot-timeout",
294             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
295         }, {
296             .name = "strict",
297             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
298         },
299         { /*End of list */ }
300     },
301 };
302 
303 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
304     .name = "add-fd",
305     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
306     .desc = {
307         {
308             .name = "fd",
309             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
310             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
311         },{
312             .name = "set",
313             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
314             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
315         },{
316             .name = "opaque",
317             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
318             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
319         },
320         { /* end of list */ }
321     },
322 };
323 
324 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
325     .name = "object",
326     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
327     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
328     .desc = {
329         { }
330     },
331 };
332 
333 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
334     .name = "tpmdev",
335     .implied_opt_name = "type",
336     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
337     .desc = {
338         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
339         { /* end of list */ }
340     },
341 };
342 
343 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
344     .name = "overcommit",
345     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
346     .desc = {
347         {
348             .name = "mem-lock",
349             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
350         },
351         {
352             .name = "cpu-pm",
353             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
354         },
355         { /* end of list */ }
356     },
357 };
358 
359 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
360     .name = "msg",
361     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
362     .desc = {
363         {
364             .name = "timestamp",
365             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
366         },
367         {
368             .name = "guest-name",
369             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
370             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
371                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
372         },
373         { /* end of list */ }
374     },
375 };
376 
377 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
378     .name = "name",
379     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
380     .merge_lists = true,
381     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
382     .desc = {
383         {
384             .name = "guest",
385             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
386             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
387                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
388                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
389         }, {
390             .name = "process",
391             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
392             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
393         }, {
394             .name = "debug-threads",
395             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
396             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
397                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
398                     "stable API.",
399         },
400         { /* End of list */ }
401     },
402 };
403 
404 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
405     .name = "memory",
406     .implied_opt_name = "size",
407     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
408     .merge_lists = true,
409     .desc = {
410         {
411             .name = "size",
412             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
413         },
414         {
415             .name = "slots",
416             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
417         },
418         {
419             .name = "maxmem",
420             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
421         },
422         { /* end of list */ }
423     },
424 };
425 
426 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
427     .name = "icount",
428     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
429     .merge_lists = true,
430     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
431     .desc = {
432         {
433             .name = "shift",
434             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
435         }, {
436             .name = "align",
437             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
438         }, {
439             .name = "sleep",
440             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
441         }, {
442             .name = "rr",
443             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
444         }, {
445             .name = "rrfile",
446             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
447         }, {
448             .name = "rrsnapshot",
449             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
450         },
451         { /* end of list */ }
452     },
453 };
454 
455 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
456     .name = "fw_cfg",
457     .implied_opt_name = "name",
458     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
459     .desc = {
460         {
461             .name = "name",
462             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
463             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
464         }, {
465             .name = "file",
466             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
467             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
468                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
469         }, {
470             .name = "string",
471             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
472             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
473         }, {
474             .name = "gen_id",
475             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
476             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
477                     "to be inserted",
478         },
479         { /* end of list */ }
480     },
481 };
482 
483 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
484     .name = "action",
485     .merge_lists = true,
486     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
487     .desc = {
488         {
489             .name = "shutdown",
490             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
491         },{
492             .name = "reboot",
493             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
494         },{
495             .name = "panic",
496             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
497         },{
498             .name = "watchdog",
499             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
500         },
501         { /* end of list */ }
502     },
503 };
504 
505 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
506 {
507     return qemu_name;
508 }
509 
510 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
511 {
512     int i;
513 
514     if (!driver) {
515         return;
516     }
517 
518     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
519         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
520             continue;
521         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
522     }
523 }
524 
525 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
526 {
527     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
528 
529     default_driver_disable(driver);
530     return 0;
531 }
532 
533 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
534 {
535     DeviceOption *opt;
536 
537     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
538         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
539         default_driver_disable(driver);
540     }
541 }
542 
543 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
544 {
545     const char *proc_name;
546 
547     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
548         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
549     }
550     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
551 
552     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
553     if (proc_name) {
554         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
555     }
556 
557     return 0;
558 }
559 
560 bool defaults_enabled(void)
561 {
562     return has_defaults;
563 }
564 
565 #ifndef _WIN32
566 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
567 {
568     int fd, dupfd, flags;
569     int64_t fdset_id;
570     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
571     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
572 
573     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
574     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
575     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
576 
577     if (fd < 0) {
578         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
579         return -1;
580     }
581 
582     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
583         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
584         return -1;
585     }
586 
587     /*
588      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
589      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
590      */
591     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
592     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
593         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
594         return -1;
595     }
596 
597     if (fdset_id < 0) {
598         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
599         return -1;
600     }
601 
602 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
603     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
604 #else
605     dupfd = dup(fd);
606     if (dupfd != -1) {
607         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
608     }
609 #endif
610     if (dupfd == -1) {
611         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
612         return -1;
613     }
614 
615     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
616     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
617                                   &error_abort);
618     g_free(fdinfo);
619 
620     return 0;
621 }
622 
623 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
624 {
625     int fd;
626 
627     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
628     close(fd);
629 
630     return 0;
631 }
632 #endif
633 
634 /***********************************************************/
635 /* QEMU Block devices */
636 
637 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
638 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
639 #define FD_OPTS ""
640 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
641 #define MTD_OPTS ""
642 #define SD_OPTS ""
643 
644 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
645 {
646     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
647 
648     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
649 }
650 
651 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
652 {
653     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
654         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
655     }
656     return 0;
657 }
658 
659 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
660                           int index, const char *optstr)
661 {
662     QemuOpts *opts;
663     DriveInfo *dinfo;
664 
665     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
666         return;
667     }
668 
669     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
670     if (snapshot) {
671         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
672     }
673 
674     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
675     dinfo->is_default = true;
676 
677 }
678 
679 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
680                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
681 {
682     /*
683      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
684      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
685      * now.
686      */
687     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
688         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
689                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
690     }
691 
692     /* open the virtual block devices */
693     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
694         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
695 
696         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
697         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
698         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
699         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
700         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
701         g_free(bdo);
702     }
703     if (snapshot) {
704         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
705                           NULL, NULL);
706     }
707     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
708                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
709         /* We printed help */
710         exit(0);
711     }
712 
713     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
714                   CDROM_OPTS);
715     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
717 
718 }
719 
720 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
721     .name = "smp-opts",
722     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
723     .merge_lists = true,
724     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
725     .desc = {
726         {
727             .name = "cpus",
728             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
729         }, {
730             .name = "drawers",
731             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
732         }, {
733             .name = "books",
734             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
735         }, {
736             .name = "sockets",
737             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
738         }, {
739             .name = "dies",
740             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
741         }, {
742             .name = "clusters",
743             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
744         }, {
745             .name = "cores",
746             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
747         }, {
748             .name = "threads",
749             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
750         }, {
751             .name = "maxcpus",
752             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
753         },
754         { /*End of list */ }
755     },
756 };
757 
758 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
759 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
760     .name = "run-with",
761     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
762     .desc = {
763 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
764         {
765             .name = "async-teardown",
766             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
767         },
768 #endif
769         {
770             .name = "chroot",
771             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
772         },
773         { /* end of list */ }
774     },
775 };
776 
777 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
778 
779 #else
780 
781 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
782 
783 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
784 
785 static void realtime_init(void)
786 {
787     if (enable_mlock) {
788         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
789             error_report("locking memory failed");
790             exit(1);
791         }
792     }
793 }
794 
795 
796 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
797 {
798     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
799     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
800 }
801 
802 
803 /***********************************************************/
804 /* USB devices */
805 
806 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
807 {
808     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
809 
810     if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
811         return -1;
812     }
813 
814     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
815     if (!dev)
816         return -1;
817 
818     return 0;
819 }
820 
821 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
822 {
823     int r;
824     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
825     if (r < 0) {
826         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
827     }
828     return r;
829 }
830 
831 /***********************************************************/
832 /* machine registration */
833 
834 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
835 {
836     GSList *el;
837 
838     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
839         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
840 
841         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
842             return mc;
843         }
844     }
845 
846     return NULL;
847 }
848 
849 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
850 {
851     GSList *el;
852     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
853 
854     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
855         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
856 
857         if (mc->is_default) {
858             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
859             default_machineclass = mc;
860         }
861     }
862 
863     return default_machineclass;
864 }
865 
866 static void version(void)
867 {
868     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
869            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
870 }
871 
872 static void help(int exitcode)
873 {
874     version();
875     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
876            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
877             g_get_prgname());
878 
879 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
880     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
881         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
882 
883 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
884     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
885         puts(stringify(text));
886 
887 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
888 
889 #include "qemu-options.def"
890 
891     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
892            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
893            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
894            "ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
895            "\n"
896            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
897            "\n"
898            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
899 
900     exit(exitcode);
901 }
902 
903 enum {
904 
905 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
906     opt_enum,
907 #define DEFHEADING(text)
908 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
909 
910 #include "qemu-options.def"
911 };
912 
913 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
914 
915 typedef struct QEMUOption {
916     const char *name;
917     int flags;
918     int index;
919     uint32_t arch_mask;
920 } QEMUOption;
921 
922 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
923     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
924 
925 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
926     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
927 #define DEFHEADING(text)
928 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
929 
930 #include "qemu-options.def"
931     { /* end of list */ }
932 };
933 
934 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
935     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
936     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
937     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
938      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
939     const char *class_names[2];
940 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
941 
942 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
943     [VGA_NONE] = {
944         .opt_name = "none",
945         .name = "no graphic card",
946     },
947     [VGA_STD] = {
948         .opt_name = "std",
949         .name = "standard VGA",
950         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
951     },
952     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
953         .opt_name = "cirrus",
954         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
955         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
956     },
957     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
958         .opt_name = "vmware",
959         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
960         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
961     },
962     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
963         .opt_name = "virtio",
964         .name = "Virtio VGA",
965         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
966     },
967     [VGA_QXL] = {
968         .opt_name = "qxl",
969         .name = "QXL VGA",
970         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
971     },
972     [VGA_TCX] = {
973         .opt_name = "tcx",
974         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
975         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
976     },
977     [VGA_CG3] = {
978         .opt_name = "cg3",
979         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
980         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
981     },
982 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
983     [VGA_XENFB] = {
984         .opt_name = "xenfb",
985         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
986     },
987 #endif
988 };
989 
990 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
991 {
992     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
993 
994     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
995     return !ti->class_names[0] ||
996            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
997            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
998 }
999 
1000 static const char *
1001 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
1002 {
1003     if (machine_class->default_display) {
1004         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1005             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1006 
1007             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1008                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1009                 return machine_class->default_display;
1010             }
1011         }
1012 
1013         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1014                          machine_class->default_display);
1015         return NULL;
1016     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1017         return "cirrus";
1018     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1019         return "std";
1020     }
1021 
1022     return NULL;
1023 }
1024 
1025 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1026 {
1027     const char *opts;
1028     int t;
1029 
1030     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1031         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1032 
1033         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1034             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1035 
1036             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1037                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1038                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1039                         " (default)" : "");
1040             }
1041         }
1042         exit(0);
1043     }
1044 
1045     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1046     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1047         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1048         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1049             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1050                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1051                 exit(1);
1052             }
1053             vga_interface_type = t;
1054             break;
1055         }
1056     }
1057     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1058     invalid_vga:
1059         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1060         exit(1);
1061     }
1062     while (*opts) {
1063         const char *nextopt;
1064 
1065         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1066             opts = nextopt;
1067             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1068                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1069             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1070                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1071             else goto invalid_vga;
1072         } else goto invalid_vga;
1073         opts = nextopt;
1074     }
1075 }
1076 
1077 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1078 {
1079     DisplayOptions *opts;
1080     Visitor *v;
1081 
1082     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1083 
1084     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1085     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1086 
1087     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1088     visit_free(v);
1089 }
1090 
1091 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1092 {
1093     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1094 }
1095 
1096 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1097 {
1098     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1099         qemu_display_help();
1100         exit(0);
1101     }
1102 
1103 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
1104     const char *opts;
1105 
1106     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1107         /*
1108          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1109          * display access.
1110          */
1111         if (*opts == '=') {
1112             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1113         } else {
1114             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1115             exit(1);
1116         }
1117         return;
1118     }
1119 #endif
1120 
1121     parse_display_qapi(p);
1122 }
1123 
1124 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1125 {
1126     return str && *str;
1127 }
1128 
1129 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1130 {
1131     gchar *buf;
1132     size_t size;
1133     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1134     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1135 
1136     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1137         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1138         return -1;
1139     }
1140     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1141     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1142     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1143     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1144 
1145     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1146     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1147         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1148         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1149                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1150         return -1;
1151     }
1152     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1153         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1154                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1155         return -1;
1156     }
1157     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1158         /*
1159          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1160          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1161          * so do not emit a warning.
1162          */
1163     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1164         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1165                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1166     }
1167     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1168         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1169         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1170     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1171         if (!fw_cfg_add_from_generator(fw_cfg, name, gen_id, errp)) {
1172             return -1;
1173         }
1174         return 0;
1175     } else {
1176         GError *err = NULL;
1177         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1178             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1179             g_error_free(err);
1180             return -1;
1181         }
1182     }
1183     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1184     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1185     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1186     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1187     return 0;
1188 }
1189 
1190 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1191 {
1192     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1193 }
1194 
1195 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1196 {
1197     DeviceState *dev;
1198 
1199     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1200     if (!dev && *errp) {
1201         error_report_err(*errp);
1202         return -1;
1203     } else if (dev) {
1204         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1205     }
1206     return 0;
1207 }
1208 
1209 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1210 {
1211     Error *local_err = NULL;
1212 
1213     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1214         if (local_err) {
1215             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1216             return -1;
1217         }
1218         exit(0);
1219     }
1220     return 0;
1221 }
1222 
1223 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1224 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1225 {
1226     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1227 }
1228 #endif
1229 
1230 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1231 {
1232     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1233 }
1234 
1235 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1236 {
1237     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1238     QemuOpts *opts;
1239     const char *p;
1240     char label[32];
1241 
1242     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1243         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1244     } else {
1245         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1246                  monitor_device_index);
1247         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1248         if (!opts) {
1249             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1250             exit(1);
1251         }
1252     }
1253 
1254     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1255     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1256     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1257     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1258         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1259     } else {
1260         assert(pretty == false);
1261     }
1262     monitor_device_index++;
1263 }
1264 
1265 struct device_config {
1266     enum {
1267         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1268         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1269         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1270         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1271         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1272         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1273     } type;
1274     const char *cmdline;
1275     Location loc;
1276     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1277 };
1278 
1279 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1280     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1281 
1282 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1283 {
1284     struct device_config *conf;
1285 
1286     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1287     conf->type = type;
1288     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1289     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1290     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1291 }
1292 
1293 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
1294 {
1295     struct device_config *conf;
1296     int rc;
1297 
1298     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1299         if (conf->type != type)
1300             continue;
1301         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1302         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
1303         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1304         if (rc) {
1305             return rc;
1306         }
1307     }
1308     return 0;
1309 }
1310 
1311 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1312 {
1313     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1314 
1315     default_driver_check_json();
1316     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1317                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1318     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1319                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1320 
1321     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1322         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1323         vga_interface_created = true;
1324     }
1325     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1326         default_serial = 0;
1327     }
1328     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1329         default_parallel = 0;
1330     }
1331     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1332         default_floppy = 0;
1333     }
1334     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1335         default_cdrom = 0;
1336     }
1337     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1338         default_sdcard = 0;
1339     }
1340     if (!has_defaults) {
1341         default_audio = 0;
1342         default_monitor = 0;
1343         default_net = 0;
1344         default_vga = 0;
1345     } else {
1346         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1347             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1348             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1349                         machine_class->default_nic);
1350             default_net = 0;
1351         }
1352     }
1353 }
1354 
1355 static void qemu_setup_display(void)
1356 {
1357     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1358         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1359             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1360 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1361             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1362 #endif
1363         }
1364     }
1365     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1366         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1367     }
1368 
1369     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1370 }
1371 
1372 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1373 {
1374     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1375     const char *vc = qemu_display_get_vc(&dpy);
1376 
1377     if (is_daemonized()) {
1378         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1379          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1380          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1381          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1382          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1383          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1384          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1385          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1386          */
1387         if (nographic
1388             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1389             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1390             exit(1);
1391         }
1392     }
1393 
1394     if (nographic || (!vc && !is_daemonized() && isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))) {
1395         if (default_parallel) {
1396             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1397         }
1398         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1399             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1400         } else {
1401             if (default_serial) {
1402                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1403             }
1404             if (default_monitor) {
1405                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1406             }
1407         }
1408     } else {
1409         if (default_serial) {
1410             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, vc ?: "null");
1411         }
1412         if (default_parallel) {
1413             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, vc ?: "null");
1414         }
1415         if (default_monitor && vc) {
1416             monitor_parse(vc, "readline", false);
1417         }
1418     }
1419 
1420     if (default_net) {
1421         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1422         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1423 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1424         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1425 #endif
1426     }
1427 
1428     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1429     if (default_vga) {
1430         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1431     }
1432     if (vga_model) {
1433         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1434     }
1435 }
1436 
1437 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
1438 {
1439     int index = num_serial_hds;
1440     char label[32];
1441 
1442     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1443         return 0;
1444     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1445     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1446 
1447     serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1448     if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1449         error_report("could not connect serial device"
1450                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1451         return -1;
1452     }
1453     num_serial_hds++;
1454     return 0;
1455 }
1456 
1457 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1458 {
1459     assert(i >= 0);
1460     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1461         return serial_hds[i];
1462     }
1463     return NULL;
1464 }
1465 
1466 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
1467 {
1468     static int index = 0;
1469     char label[32];
1470 
1471     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1472         return 0;
1473     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1474         error_report("too many parallel ports");
1475         exit(1);
1476     }
1477     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1478     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1479     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1480         error_report("could not connect parallel device"
1481                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1482         return -1;
1483     }
1484     index++;
1485     return 0;
1486 }
1487 
1488 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
1489 {
1490     QemuOpts *opts;
1491 
1492     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1493         error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1494         exit(1);
1495     }
1496     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1497     if (!opts) {
1498         error_report("already have a debugcon device");
1499         exit(1);
1500     }
1501     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1502     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1503     return 0;
1504 }
1505 
1506 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1507 {
1508     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1509     int res;
1510 
1511     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1512         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1513             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1514              * in increasing order.
1515              */
1516             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1517                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1518         }
1519 
1520         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1521         return 1;
1522     }
1523 
1524     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1525         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1526         return -1;
1527     }
1528 
1529     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1530     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1531     if (res != 0) {
1532         return res;
1533     }
1534 
1535     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1536     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1537                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1538 }
1539 
1540 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1541 {
1542     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = NULL;
1543     GSList *el;
1544     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1545 
1546     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1547     if (type) {
1548         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1549         if (machine_class) {
1550             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1551             return;
1552         }
1553     }
1554 
1555     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1556     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1557     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1558         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1559         if (mc->alias) {
1560             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1561         }
1562         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1563                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1564                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1565     }
1566 }
1567 
1568 static void
1569 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1570 {
1571     QDict *opts;
1572 
1573     opts = qdict_new();
1574     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1575     qobject_ref(prop);
1576     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1577     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1578     qobject_unref(opts);
1579 }
1580 
1581 static void
1582 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1583                            const char *arg)
1584 {
1585     QDict *prop = NULL;
1586     bool help = false;
1587 
1588     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1589     if (help) {
1590         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1591         exit(0);
1592     }
1593     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1594     qobject_unref(prop);
1595 }
1596 
1597 static const char *pid_file;
1598 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1599     Notifier notifier;
1600     char *pid_file_realpath;
1601 };
1602 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1603 
1604 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1605 {
1606     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1607 
1608     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1609     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1610 }
1611 
1612 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1613                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1614 {
1615     const QEMUOption *popt;
1616     int optind = *poptind;
1617     char *r = argv[optind];
1618     const char *optarg;
1619 
1620     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1621     optind++;
1622     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1623     if (r[1] == '-')
1624         r++;
1625     popt = qemu_options;
1626     for(;;) {
1627         if (!popt->name) {
1628             error_report("invalid option");
1629             exit(1);
1630         }
1631         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1632             break;
1633         popt++;
1634     }
1635     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1636         if (optind >= argc) {
1637             error_report("requires an argument");
1638             exit(1);
1639         }
1640         optarg = argv[optind++];
1641         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1642     } else {
1643         optarg = NULL;
1644     }
1645 
1646     *poptarg = optarg;
1647     *poptind = optind;
1648 
1649     return popt;
1650 }
1651 
1652 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1653 {
1654     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1655     GSList *machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1656     MachineClass *machine_class;
1657     Error *local_err = NULL;
1658 
1659     if (machine_type) {
1660         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1661         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1662         if (!machine_class) {
1663             error_setg(&local_err, "unsupported machine type");
1664         }
1665     } else {
1666         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1667         if (!machine_class) {
1668             error_setg(&local_err, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1669         }
1670     }
1671 
1672     g_slist_free(machines);
1673     if (local_err) {
1674         error_append_hint(&local_err, "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1675         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1676     }
1677     return machine_class;
1678 }
1679 
1680 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1681                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1682                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1683 {
1684     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1685         return 0;
1686     }
1687 
1688     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1689         return -1;
1690     }
1691 
1692     return 0;
1693 }
1694 
1695 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1696 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1697 {
1698     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1699     char *p;
1700 
1701     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1702         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1703 
1704         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1705         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1706             continue;
1707         }
1708         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1709         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1710             if (*p == '_') {
1711                 *p = '-';
1712             }
1713         }
1714         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1715             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1716             return;
1717         }
1718         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1719         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1720         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1721     }
1722 }
1723 
1724 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1725 {
1726     const char *value;
1727     QObject *prop;
1728 
1729     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1730 
1731     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1732     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1733     if (value) {
1734         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1735         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1736     }
1737 
1738     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1739     if (value) {
1740         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1741                                    false);
1742         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1743     }
1744 
1745     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1746     if (value) {
1747         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1748                                    false);
1749         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1750     }
1751 
1752     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1753     if (value) {
1754         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1755                                    false);
1756         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1757                                    false);
1758         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1759     }
1760 
1761     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1762     if (value) {
1763         if (mem_path) {
1764             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1765                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1766             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1767         }
1768 
1769         /* Resolved later.  */
1770         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1771         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1772     }
1773 
1774     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1775     if (prop) {
1776         have_custom_ram_size =
1777             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1778             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1779     }
1780 }
1781 
1782 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1783 {
1784     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1785 
1786     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1787         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1788         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1789             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1790             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1791             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1792             g_free(opt);
1793         }
1794     }
1795 }
1796 
1797 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1798 {
1799     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1800     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1801     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1802 }
1803 
1804 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1805 {
1806     QemuOpts *opts;
1807     const char *type;
1808     Visitor *v;
1809 
1810     if (str[0] == '{') {
1811         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1812 
1813         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1814         qobject_unref(obj);
1815     } else {
1816         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1817                                        str, true);
1818         if (!opts) {
1819             exit(1);
1820         }
1821 
1822         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1823         if (!type) {
1824             error_setg(&error_fatal, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1825         }
1826         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1827             exit(0);
1828         }
1829 
1830         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1831     }
1832 
1833     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1834     visit_free(v);
1835 }
1836 
1837 /*
1838  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1839  */
1840 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1841 {
1842     /*
1843      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1844      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1845      */
1846 
1847     /*
1848      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1849      * affinity of threads.
1850      */
1851     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1852         return true;
1853     }
1854 
1855     return false;
1856 }
1857 
1858 /*
1859  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1860  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1861  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1862  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1863  * already existing.
1864  */
1865 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1866 {
1867     /*
1868      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1869      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1870      */
1871 
1872     /* Reason: already created. */
1873     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1874         return false;
1875     }
1876 
1877     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1878     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1879         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1880         return false;
1881     }
1882 
1883 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1884     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1885     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1886         return false;
1887     }
1888 #endif
1889 
1890     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1891     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1892         return false;
1893     }
1894     /*
1895      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1896      */
1897     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1898         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1899         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1900         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1901         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1902         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1903         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1904         return false;
1905     }
1906 
1907     /*
1908      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1909      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1910      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1911      * (e.g. libvirt).
1912      */
1913     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1914         return false;
1915     }
1916 
1917     return true;
1918 }
1919 
1920 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1921 {
1922     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1923 
1924     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1925         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1926         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1927     }
1928 
1929     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1930         replay_add_blocker("smp");
1931     }
1932 }
1933 
1934 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1935 {
1936     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1937 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1938     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1939 #else
1940     const bool use_sdl = false;
1941 #endif
1942 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1943     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1944 #else
1945     const bool use_gtk = false;
1946 #endif
1947 
1948     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1949         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1950                      "ignoring option");
1951     }
1952 
1953     qemu_console_early_init();
1954 
1955     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1956 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1957         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
1958 #else
1959         error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
1960 #endif
1961         exit(1);
1962     }
1963 
1964     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1965 
1966     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1967     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1968     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1969     qemu_spice.init();
1970 
1971     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1972                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1973 
1974 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1975     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1976                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1977 #endif
1978 
1979     /*
1980      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
1981      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
1982      */
1983     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
1984     audio_init_audiodevs();
1985     if (default_audio) {
1986         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
1987     }
1988 }
1989 
1990 
1991 /*
1992  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
1993  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
1994  */
1995 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
1996 {
1997     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
1998 }
1999 
2000 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
2001 {
2002     if (qtest_chrdev) {
2003         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
2004     }
2005 
2006     net_init_clients();
2007 
2008     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
2009 
2010     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
2011         exit(1);
2012     }
2013 
2014     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
2015                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2016 
2017     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
2018         exit(1);
2019     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
2020         exit(1);
2021     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
2022         exit(1);
2023 
2024     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2025     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2026 }
2027 
2028 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2029 {
2030     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2031         Object *backend;
2032         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2033 
2034         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2035                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2036         if (!backend) {
2037             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2038             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2039         }
2040         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2041             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2042             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2043         }
2044         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2045                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2046     }
2047 }
2048 
2049 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2050 {
2051     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2052     QDict *dict, *prop;
2053     const char *mem_str;
2054     Location loc;
2055 
2056     loc_push_none(&loc);
2057     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2058 
2059     prop = qdict_new();
2060 
2061     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2062         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2063         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2064         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2065             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2066             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2067         } else {
2068             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2069         }
2070     }
2071 
2072     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2073         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2074     }
2075     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2076         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2077     }
2078 
2079     dict = qdict_new();
2080     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2081     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2082     qobject_unref(dict);
2083     loc_pop(&loc);
2084 }
2085 
2086 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2087 {
2088     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2089     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2090 
2091     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2092     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2093                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2094     object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
2095                                             "/unattached"),
2096                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2097 
2098     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2099         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2100             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2101              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2102              */
2103             g_assert_not_reached();
2104         }
2105     }
2106 
2107     cpu_exec_init_all();
2108     page_size_init();
2109 
2110     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2111         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2112     }
2113 
2114     /*
2115      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2116      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2117      */
2118     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2119         QDict *default_opts =
2120             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2121                          &error_abort);
2122         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2123         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2124                                           false, &error_abort);
2125         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2126     }
2127 }
2128 
2129 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2130 {
2131     GlobalProperty *g;
2132 
2133     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2134     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2135     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2136     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2137     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2138     return 0;
2139 }
2140 
2141 /*
2142  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2143  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2144  */
2145 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2146 {
2147     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2148         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2149         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2150         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2151         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2152         return false;
2153     }
2154     return true;
2155 }
2156 
2157 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2158                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2159 {
2160     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2161         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2162         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2163         visit_free(v);
2164 
2165     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2166         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2167         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2168         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2169             audio_define(dev);
2170         }
2171         visit_free(v);
2172 
2173     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2174         /*
2175          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2176          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2177          */
2178         assert(!from_json);
2179         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2180     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2181         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2182     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2183         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2184     } else {
2185         abort();
2186     }
2187 }
2188 
2189 /*
2190  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2191  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2192  */
2193 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2194                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2195 {
2196     QObject *crumpled;
2197     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2198         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2199         return;
2200     }
2201 
2202     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2203     if (!crumpled) {
2204         return;
2205     }
2206     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2207     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2208         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2209         break;
2210     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2211         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2212         break;
2213     default:
2214         g_assert_not_reached();
2215     }
2216     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2217 }
2218 
2219 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2220 {
2221     ERRP_GUARD();
2222     int ret;
2223     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2224 
2225     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2226     if (ret < 0) {
2227         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2228             error_free(*errp);
2229             *errp = NULL;
2230         }
2231     }
2232 }
2233 
2234 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2235 {
2236     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2237     QemuOptsList *list;
2238     QemuOpts *opts;
2239     int rc, offset;
2240 
2241     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2242     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2243         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2244         return;
2245     }
2246 
2247     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2248         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2249     } else {
2250         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2251         if (list) {
2252             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2253             if (!opts) {
2254                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2255                 return;
2256             }
2257             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2258         }
2259     }
2260 }
2261 
2262 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2263 {
2264     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2265                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2266 }
2267 
2268 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2269 {
2270     icount_configure(opts, errp);
2271     return 0;
2272 }
2273 
2274 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2275                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2276                                 Error **errp)
2277 {
2278     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2279 }
2280 
2281 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2282 {
2283     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2284     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2285     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2286     AccelState *accel;
2287     int ret;
2288     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2289 
2290     if (!acc) {
2291         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2292         goto bad;
2293     }
2294 
2295     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2296 
2297     if (!ac) {
2298         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2299             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2300         }
2301         goto bad;
2302     }
2303     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2304     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2305     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2306                      accel,
2307                      &error_fatal);
2308     /*
2309      * If legacy -singlestep option is set, honour it for TCG and
2310      * silently ignore for any other accelerator (which is how this
2311      * option has always behaved).
2312      */
2313     if (opt_one_insn_per_tb) {
2314         /*
2315          * This will always succeed for TCG, and we want to ignore
2316          * the error from trying to set a nonexistent property
2317          * on any other accelerator.
2318          */
2319         object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(accel), "one-insn-per-tb", true, NULL);
2320     }
2321     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2322     if (ret < 0) {
2323         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2324             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2325         }
2326         goto bad;
2327     }
2328 
2329     return 1;
2330 
2331 bad:
2332     *p_init_failed = true;
2333     return 0;
2334 }
2335 
2336 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2337 {
2338     bool init_failed = false;
2339 
2340     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2341                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2342 
2343     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2344         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2345 
2346         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2347             /* Select the default accelerator */
2348             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2349             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2350 
2351             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2352                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2353                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2354                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2355                 } else {
2356                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2357                 }
2358             } else if (have_kvm) {
2359                 accelerators = "kvm";
2360             } else if (have_tcg) {
2361                 accelerators = "tcg";
2362             } else {
2363                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2364                              " no default accelerator available");
2365                 exit(1);
2366             }
2367         }
2368         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2369 
2370         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2371             /*
2372              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2373              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2374              */
2375             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2376                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2377             } else {
2378                 init_failed = true;
2379                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2380             }
2381         }
2382         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2383     } else {
2384         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2385             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2386             exit(1);
2387         }
2388     }
2389 
2390     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2391                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2392         if (!init_failed) {
2393             error_report("no accelerator found");
2394         }
2395         exit(1);
2396     }
2397 
2398     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2399         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2400     }
2401 
2402     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2403         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2404         exit(1);
2405     }
2406 }
2407 
2408 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2409 {
2410     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2411     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2412     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2413 
2414     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2415          if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2416               error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2417               exit(1);
2418           }
2419 
2420           if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2421               error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2422               exit(1);
2423           }
2424     }
2425 
2426     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2427         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2428                      "mutually exclusive");
2429         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2430     }
2431     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2432         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2433         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2434     }
2435 
2436 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2437     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2438         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2439         exit(1);
2440     }
2441 #endif
2442 }
2443 
2444 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2445 {
2446     if (mem_prealloc) {
2447         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2448         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2449             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2450             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2451                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2452                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2453                                            val, false);
2454             }
2455         }
2456         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2457     }
2458 }
2459 
2460 /* -action processing */
2461 
2462 /*
2463  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2464  */
2465 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2466 {
2467     Error *local_err = NULL;
2468     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2469     QObject *ret = NULL;
2470     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2471     qobject_unref(ret);
2472     qobject_unref(qdict);
2473     if (local_err) {
2474         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2475         return 1;
2476     }
2477     return 0;
2478 }
2479 
2480 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2481 {
2482     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2483                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2484 
2485     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2486 
2487 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2488     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2489     if (olist) {
2490         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2491     }
2492 #endif
2493 
2494     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2495                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2496         exit(1);
2497     }
2498 
2499 #ifndef _WIN32
2500     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2501                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2502 
2503     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2504                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2505 #endif
2506 
2507     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2508     {
2509         int mask = 0;
2510         if (log_mask) {
2511             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2512             if (!mask) {
2513                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2514                 exit(1);
2515             }
2516         }
2517         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2518     }
2519 
2520     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2521 }
2522 
2523 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2524 {
2525     /*
2526      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2527      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2528      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2529      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2530      */
2531     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2532         list_cpus();
2533         exit(0);
2534     }
2535 
2536     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2537                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2538         exit(0);
2539     }
2540 
2541     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2542     if (list_data_dirs) {
2543         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2544         exit(0);
2545     }
2546 }
2547 
2548 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2549 {
2550     Error *err = NULL;
2551 
2552     os_daemonize();
2553     rcu_disable_atfork();
2554 
2555     if (pid_file) {
2556         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2557 
2558         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2559             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2560             exit(1);
2561         }
2562 
2563         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2564         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2565             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2566                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2567                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2568             }
2569             return;
2570         }
2571 
2572         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2573             .notifier = {
2574                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2575             },
2576             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2577         };
2578         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2579     }
2580 }
2581 
2582 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2583 {
2584     DisplayState *ds;
2585 
2586     /* init local displays */
2587     ds = init_displaystate();
2588     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2589 
2590     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2591     os_setup_signal_handling();
2592 
2593     /* init remote displays */
2594 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2595     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2596                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2597 #endif
2598 
2599     if (using_spice) {
2600         qemu_spice.display_init();
2601     }
2602 }
2603 
2604 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2605 {
2606     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2607     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2608 
2609     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2610     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2611 
2612     drive_check_orphaned();
2613 
2614     realtime_init();
2615 }
2616 
2617 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2618 {
2619     DeviceOption *opt;
2620 
2621     soundhw_init();
2622 
2623     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2624                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2625 
2626     /* init USB devices */
2627     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2628         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
2629             exit(1);
2630     }
2631 
2632     /* init generic devices */
2633     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2634     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2635                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2636     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2637         DeviceState *dev;
2638         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2639         /*
2640          * TODO Eventually we should call qmp_device_add() here to make sure it
2641          * behaves the same, but QMP still has to accept incorrectly typed
2642          * options until libvirt is fixed and we want to be strict on the CLI
2643          * from the start, so call qdev_device_add_from_qdict() directly for
2644          * now.
2645          */
2646         dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(opt->opts, true, &error_fatal);
2647         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
2648         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2649     }
2650     rom_reset_order_override();
2651 }
2652 
2653 static void qemu_machine_creation_done(void)
2654 {
2655     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2656 
2657     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2658     drive_check_orphaned();
2659 
2660     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2661      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2662      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2663      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2664      * requested one
2665      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2666      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2667      */
2668     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2669         net_check_clients();
2670     }
2671 
2672     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2673 
2674     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2675 
2676     if (machine->cgs) {
2677         /*
2678          * Verify that Confidential Guest Support has actually been initialized
2679          */
2680         assert(machine->cgs->ready);
2681     }
2682 
2683     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
2684         exit(1);
2685     }
2686     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2687         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2688         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2689                     "type does not use that option; "
2690                     "No VGA device has been created");
2691     }
2692 }
2693 
2694 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2695 {
2696     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2697         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2698         return;
2699     }
2700 
2701     qemu_init_board();
2702     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2703     qemu_machine_creation_done();
2704 
2705     if (loadvm) {
2706         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2707     }
2708     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2709         replay_vmstate_init();
2710     }
2711 
2712     if (incoming) {
2713         Error *local_err = NULL;
2714         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2715             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, false, NULL, &local_err);
2716             if (local_err) {
2717                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2718                 exit(1);
2719             }
2720         }
2721     } else if (autostart) {
2722         qmp_cont(NULL);
2723     }
2724 }
2725 
2726 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2727 {
2728     QemuOpts *opts;
2729     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2730     QemuOptsList *olist;
2731     int optind;
2732     const char *optarg;
2733     MachineClass *machine_class;
2734     bool userconfig = true;
2735     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2736 
2737     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2738     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2739     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2740     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2741     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2742     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2743     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2744     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2745     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2746     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2747     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2748     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2749     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2750     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2751     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2752     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2753     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2754     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2755     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2756     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2757     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2758     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2759     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2760     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2761     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2762     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2763     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2764     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2765     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2766     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2767     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2768     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2769     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2770 
2771     error_init(argv[0]);
2772     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2773 
2774     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2775 
2776     qemu_init_subsystems();
2777 
2778     /* first pass of option parsing */
2779     optind = 1;
2780     while (optind < argc) {
2781         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2782             /* disk image */
2783             optind++;
2784         } else {
2785             const QEMUOption *popt;
2786 
2787             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2788             switch (popt->index) {
2789             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2790                 userconfig = false;
2791                 break;
2792             }
2793         }
2794     }
2795 
2796     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2797     if (userconfig) {
2798         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2799     }
2800 
2801     /* second pass of option parsing */
2802     optind = 1;
2803     for(;;) {
2804         if (optind >= argc)
2805             break;
2806         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2807             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2808             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2809         } else {
2810             const QEMUOption *popt;
2811 
2812             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2813             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2814                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2815                 exit(1);
2816             }
2817             switch(popt->index) {
2818             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2819                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2820                 cpu_option = optarg;
2821                 break;
2822             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2823             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2824             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2825             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2826                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2827                           HD_OPTS);
2828                 break;
2829             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2830                 {
2831                     Visitor *v;
2832                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2833 
2834                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2835                                                       &error_fatal);
2836 
2837                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2838                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2839                                                &error_fatal);
2840                     visit_free(v);
2841                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2842                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2843                     break;
2844                 }
2845             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2846                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2847                                                optarg, false);
2848                 if (opts == NULL) {
2849                     exit(1);
2850                 }
2851                 break;
2852             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2853                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2854                 break;
2855             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2856                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2857                     exit(1);
2858                 break;
2859             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2860                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2861                 break;
2862             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2863                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2864                 break;
2865             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2866                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2867                 break;
2868             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2869                 snapshot = 1;
2870                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2871                 break;
2872             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2873                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2874                                                optarg, true);
2875                 if (!opts) {
2876                     exit(1);
2877                 }
2878                 break;
2879             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2880                 parse_display(optarg);
2881                 break;
2882             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2883                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2884                 nographic = true;
2885                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2886                 break;
2887             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
2888                 graphic_rotate = 90;
2889                 break;
2890             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
2891                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
2892                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
2893                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
2894                     error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
2895                     exit(1);
2896                 }
2897                 break;
2898             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2899                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2900                 break;
2901             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2902                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2903                 break;
2904             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2905                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2906                 break;
2907             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2908                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2909                 break;
2910             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2911                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2912                 break;
2913             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2914                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2915                 break;
2916             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2917             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2918                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2919                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2920                 break;
2921             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2922                 fd_bootchk = 0;
2923                 break;
2924             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2925                 default_net = 0;
2926                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2927                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2928                 } else {
2929                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2930                 }
2931                 break;
2932             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2933                 default_net = 0;
2934                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2935                 break;
2936             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2937                 default_net = 0;
2938                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2939                 break;
2940 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2941             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2942                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2943                                                optarg, false);
2944                 if (!opts) {
2945                     exit(1);
2946                 }
2947                 break;
2948 #endif
2949             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2950                 default_audio = 0;
2951                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2952                 break;
2953             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2954                 bool help;
2955                 char *model = NULL;
2956                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2957                 Visitor *v;
2958                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2959                 default_audio = 0;
2960                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2961                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2962                     audio_help();
2963                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2964                 }
2965                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2966                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2967                 }
2968                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2969                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2970                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2971                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2972                         show_valid_soundhw();
2973                         exit(0);
2974                     }
2975                 }
2976                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2977                 qobject_unref(dict);
2978                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
2979                 visit_free(v);
2980                 if (model) {
2981                     audio_define(dev);
2982                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
2983                     g_free(model);
2984                 } else {
2985                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
2986                 }
2987                 break;
2988             }
2989             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
2990                 help(0);
2991                 break;
2992             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
2993                 version();
2994                 exit(0);
2995                 break;
2996             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
2997                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
2998                 if (opts == NULL) {
2999                     exit(1);
3000                 }
3001                 break;
3002 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
3003             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
3004                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
3005                     exit(1);
3006                 }
3007                 break;
3008 #endif
3009             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
3010                 mem_path = optarg;
3011                 break;
3012             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
3013                 mem_prealloc = 1;
3014                 break;
3015             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3016                 log_mask = optarg;
3017                 break;
3018             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3019                 log_file = optarg;
3020                 break;
3021             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3022                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3023                 break;
3024 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3025             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3026                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3027                 break;
3028             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3029                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3030                 break;
3031 #endif
3032             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3033                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3034                 break;
3035             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3036                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3037                 break;
3038             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3039                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3040                 break;
3041             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3042                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3043                     list_data_dirs = true;
3044                 } else {
3045                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3046                 }
3047                 break;
3048             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3049                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3050                 break;
3051             case QEMU_OPTION_singlestep:
3052                 opt_one_insn_per_tb = true;
3053                 break;
3054             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3055                 autostart = 0;
3056                 break;
3057             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3058                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3059                 break;
3060             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3061                 vga_model = optarg;
3062                 default_vga = 0;
3063                 break;
3064             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3065                 {
3066                     const char *p;
3067                     int w, h, depth;
3068                     p = optarg;
3069                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3070                     if (w <= 0) {
3071                     graphic_error:
3072                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3073                         exit(1);
3074                     }
3075                     if (*p != 'x')
3076                         goto graphic_error;
3077                     p++;
3078                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3079                     if (h <= 0)
3080                         goto graphic_error;
3081                     if (*p == 'x') {
3082                         p++;
3083                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3084                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3085                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3086                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3087                             goto graphic_error;
3088                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3089                         depth = graphic_depth;
3090                     } else {
3091                         goto graphic_error;
3092                     }
3093 
3094                     graphic_width = w;
3095                     graphic_height = h;
3096                     graphic_depth = depth;
3097                 }
3098                 break;
3099             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3100                 {
3101                     char *r;
3102                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3103                     if (r == optarg)
3104                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3105                     break;
3106                 }
3107             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3108                 default_monitor = 0;
3109                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3110                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3111                 }
3112                 break;
3113             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3114                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3115                 default_monitor = 0;
3116                 break;
3117             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3118                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3119                 default_monitor = 0;
3120                 break;
3121             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3122                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3123                                                true);
3124                 if (!opts) {
3125                     exit(1);
3126                 }
3127                 default_monitor = 0;
3128                 break;
3129             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3130                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3131                                                optarg, true);
3132                 if (!opts) {
3133                     exit(1);
3134                 }
3135                 break;
3136             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3137                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3138                 if (!olist) {
3139                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3140                     exit(1);
3141                 }
3142                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3143                 if (!opts) {
3144                     exit(1);
3145                 }
3146                 break;
3147             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3148                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3149                 QemuOpts *device;
3150                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3151                            *multidevs;
3152 
3153                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3154                 if (!olist) {
3155                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3156                     exit(1);
3157                 }
3158                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3159                 if (!opts) {
3160                     exit(1);
3161                 }
3162 
3163                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3164                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3165                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3166                     exit(1);
3167                 }
3168                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3169                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3170                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3171                                          1, NULL);
3172                 if (!fsdev) {
3173                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3174                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3175                     exit(1);
3176                 }
3177 
3178                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3179                 if (writeout) {
3180 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3181                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3182 #else
3183                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3184                                  "on this platform");
3185                     exit(1);
3186 #endif
3187                 }
3188                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3189                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3190                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3191                 if (path) {
3192                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3193                 }
3194                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3195                 if (security_model) {
3196                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3197                                  &error_abort);
3198                 }
3199                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3200                 if (socket) {
3201                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3202                 }
3203                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3204                 if (sock_fd) {
3205                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3206                 }
3207 
3208                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3209                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3210                                   &error_abort);
3211                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3212                 if (multidevs) {
3213                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3214                 }
3215                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3216                                           &error_abort);
3217                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3218                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3219                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3220                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3221                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3222                 break;
3223             }
3224             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3225                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3226                 default_serial = 0;
3227                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3228                     default_monitor = 0;
3229                 }
3230                 break;
3231             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3232                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3233                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3234                      exit(1);
3235                 }
3236                 break;
3237             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3238                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3239                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3240                 break;
3241             }
3242             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3243                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3244                 default_parallel = 0;
3245                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3246                     default_monitor = 0;
3247                 }
3248                 break;
3249             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3250                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3251                 break;
3252             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3253                 loadvm = optarg;
3254                 break;
3255             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3256                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3257                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3258                 break;
3259             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3260                 pid_file = optarg;
3261                 break;
3262             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3263                 win2k_install_hack = 1;
3264                 break;
3265             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3266                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3267                                                optarg, true);
3268                 if (!opts) {
3269                     exit(1);
3270                 }
3271                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3272                 break;
3273             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3274                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3275                                                optarg, false);
3276                 if (!opts) {
3277                     exit(1);
3278                 }
3279                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3280                 break;
3281             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3282                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3283                                                optarg, true);
3284                 if (opts == NULL) {
3285                     exit(1);
3286                 }
3287                 break;
3288             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3289                 preconfig_requested = true;
3290                 break;
3291             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3292                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3293                 break;
3294             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3295             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3296                 {
3297                     bool help;
3298 
3299                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3300                     if (help) {
3301                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3302                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3303                     }
3304                     break;
3305                 }
3306             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3307                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3308                                                      optarg, true);
3309                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3310                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3311                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3312                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3313                                                                     false);
3314                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3315                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3316                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3317                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3318                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3319                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3320                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3321                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3322                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3323                             g_strfreev(optname);
3324                         }
3325                         g_free(typename);
3326                     }
3327                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3328                     exit(0);
3329                 }
3330                 break;
3331             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3332                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3333                 break;
3334             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3335                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3336                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3337                 break;
3338             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3339                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3340                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3341                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3342                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3343                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3344                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3345                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3346                 } else {
3347                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3348                                                  optarg, true)) {
3349                         exit(1);
3350                     }
3351                 }
3352                 break;
3353             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3354                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3355                                            "smp", optarg);
3356                 break;
3357 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
3358             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3359                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3360                 display_remote++;
3361                 break;
3362 #endif
3363             case QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi:
3364                 warn_report("-no-acpi is deprecated, use '-machine acpi=off' instead");
3365                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "acpi", "off");
3366                 break;
3367             case QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet:
3368                 warn_report("-no-hpet is deprecated, use '-machine hpet=off' instead");
3369                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "hpet", "off");
3370                 break;
3371             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3372                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3373                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3374                 break;
3375             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3376                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3377                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3378                 break;
3379             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3380                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3381                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3382                     exit(1);
3383                 }
3384                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3385                 break;
3386             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3387                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3388                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3389                     exit(1);
3390                 }
3391                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3392                                                optarg, true);
3393                 if (!opts) {
3394                     exit(1);
3395                 }
3396                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3397                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3398                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3399                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3400                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3401                     exit(1);
3402                 }
3403                 nb_option_roms++;
3404                 break;
3405             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3406                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3407                 break;
3408             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3409                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3410                     exit(1);
3411                 }
3412                 break;
3413             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3414                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3415                                                optarg, true);
3416                 if (!opts) {
3417                     exit(1);
3418                 }
3419                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3420                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3421                 break;
3422             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3423                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3424                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3425                     exit(1);
3426                 }
3427                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3428                 nb_prom_envs++;
3429                 break;
3430             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3431                 old_param = 1;
3432                 break;
3433             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3434                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3435                                                false);
3436                 if (!opts) {
3437                     exit(1);
3438                 }
3439                 break;
3440             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3441                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3442                                                       optarg, true);
3443                 if (!icount_opts) {
3444                     exit(1);
3445                 }
3446                 break;
3447             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3448                 if (!incoming) {
3449                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3450                 }
3451                 incoming = optarg;
3452                 break;
3453             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3454                 only_migratable = 1;
3455                 break;
3456             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3457                 has_defaults = 0;
3458                 break;
3459             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3460                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3461                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3462                     exit(1);
3463                 }
3464                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3465                 break;
3466             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3467                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3468                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3469                     exit(1);
3470                 }
3471                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3472                 break;
3473             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3474                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3475                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3476                     exit(1);
3477                 }
3478                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3479                 break;
3480             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3481                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3482                 break;
3483             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3484                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3485                 break;
3486             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3487                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3488                 break;
3489 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3490             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3491                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("spice"), optarg, false);
3492                 if (!opts) {
3493                     exit(1);
3494                 }
3495                 display_remote++;
3496                 break;
3497 #endif
3498             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3499                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3500                 break;
3501             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3502                 qtest_log = optarg;
3503                 break;
3504             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3505                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3506                 if (!olist) {
3507 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3508                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3509                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3510 #endif
3511                     exit(1);
3512                 }
3513 
3514                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3515                 if (!opts) {
3516                     exit(1);
3517                 }
3518                 break;
3519             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3520 #ifndef _WIN32
3521                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3522                                                optarg, false);
3523                 if (!opts) {
3524                     exit(1);
3525                 }
3526 #else
3527                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3528                              "platform");
3529                 exit(1);
3530 #endif
3531                 break;
3532             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3533                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3534                 break;
3535             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3536                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3537                                                optarg, false);
3538                 if (!opts) {
3539                     exit(1);
3540                 }
3541                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", false);
3542                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", false);
3543                 break;
3544             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3545                 {
3546                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3547                     Visitor *v;
3548 
3549                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3550                                                       &error_fatal);
3551 
3552                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3553                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3554 
3555                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3556                     visit_free(v);
3557                     break;
3558                 }
3559             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3560                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3561                                                false);
3562                 if (!opts) {
3563                     exit(1);
3564                 }
3565                 configure_msg(opts);
3566                 break;
3567             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3568                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3569                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3570                                  "option may be given");
3571                     exit(1);
3572                 }
3573                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3574                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3575                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3576                     exit(1);
3577                 }
3578                 break;
3579             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3580                 qsp_enable();
3581                 break;
3582             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3583                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3584                 break;
3585 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3586             case QEMU_OPTION_runas:
3587                 if (!os_set_runas(optarg)) {
3588                     error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3589                                  " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3590                                  optarg);
3591                     exit(1);
3592                 }
3593                 break;
3594             case QEMU_OPTION_chroot:
3595                 warn_report("option is deprecated,"
3596                             " use '-run-with chroot=...' instead");
3597                 os_set_chroot(optarg);
3598                 break;
3599             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3600                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3601                 break;
3602 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3603             /* deprecated */
3604             case QEMU_OPTION_asyncteardown:
3605                 init_async_teardown();
3606                 break;
3607 #endif
3608             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3609                 const char *str;
3610                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3611                                                          optarg, false);
3612                 if (!opts) {
3613                     exit(1);
3614                 }
3615 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3616                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3617                     init_async_teardown();
3618                 }
3619 #endif
3620                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3621                 if (str) {
3622                     os_set_chroot(str);
3623                 }
3624                 break;
3625             }
3626 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3627 
3628             default:
3629                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3630                 exit(1);
3631             }
3632         }
3633     }
3634     /*
3635      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3636      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3637      */
3638     loc_set_none();
3639 
3640     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3641     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3642 
3643     /*
3644      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3645      * before daemonizing.
3646      */
3647     qemu_process_early_options();
3648 
3649     qemu_process_help_options();
3650     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3651 
3652     /*
3653      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3654      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3655      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3656      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3657      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3658      * process will be left in the host.
3659      */
3660     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3661         exit(1);
3662     }
3663     trace_init_file();
3664 
3665     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3666     cpu_timers_init();
3667 
3668     user_register_global_props();
3669     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3670 
3671     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3672 
3673     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3674     parse_memory_options();
3675 
3676     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3677 
3678     suspend_mux_open();
3679 
3680     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3681     qemu_setup_display();
3682     qemu_create_default_devices();
3683     qemu_create_early_backends();
3684 
3685     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3686     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3687     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3688     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3689 
3690     /*
3691      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3692      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3693      */
3694     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3695     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3696 
3697     /*
3698      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3699      * compat properties.
3700      *
3701      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3702      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3703      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3704      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3705      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3706      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3707      *
3708      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3709      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3710      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3711      */
3712 
3713     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3714     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3715         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3716                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3717     }
3718 
3719     /*
3720      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3721      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3722      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3723      */
3724     qemu_create_late_backends();
3725 
3726     /*
3727      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3728      * compat properties have been set up.
3729      */
3730     migration_object_init();
3731 
3732     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3733     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class->default_cpu_type;
3734     if (cpu_option) {
3735         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3736     }
3737     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3738 
3739     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3740     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3741 
3742     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3743         /* dump and exit */
3744         module_load_qom_all();
3745         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3746         exit(0);
3747     }
3748 
3749     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3750         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3751     }
3752     qemu_init_displays();
3753     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3754     os_setup_post();
3755     resume_mux_open();
3756 }
3757