xref: /openbmc/qemu/system/vl.c (revision 4921d0a7)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
44 #include "sysemu/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
46 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
47 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
68 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
69 #include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "qemu/timer.h"
72 #include "chardev/char.h"
73 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
74 #include "qemu/log.h"
75 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
76 #include "hw/block/block.h"
77 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
79 #include "migration/misc.h"
80 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
81 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
82 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
83 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
84 #include "audio/audio.h"
85 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
86 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
87 #include "migration/colo.h"
88 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
89 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
90 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
91 #include "qemu/option.h"
92 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
93 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
94 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
95 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
96 #endif
97 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
98 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
99 #include "tcg/perf.h"
100 #endif
101 
102 #include "disas/disas.h"
103 
104 #include "trace.h"
105 #include "trace/control.h"
106 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
107 #include "qemu/queue.h"
108 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
109 #include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
110 
111 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
112 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
113 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
115 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
116 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
117 #include "crypto/init.h"
118 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
119 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
131 #include "block/qdict.h"
132 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
133 #include "sysemu/iothread.h"
134 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
135 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
136 
137 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
138 
139 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
140     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
141     Location loc;
142     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
143 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
144 
145 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
146 
147 typedef struct ObjectOption {
148     ObjectOptions *opts;
149     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
150 } ObjectOption;
151 
152 typedef struct DeviceOption {
153     QDict *opts;
154     Location loc;
155     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
156 } DeviceOption;
157 
158 static const char *cpu_option;
159 static const char *mem_path;
160 static const char *incoming;
161 static const char *loadvm;
162 static const char *accelerators;
163 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
164 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
165 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
166 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
168 static int display_remote;
169 static int snapshot;
170 static bool preconfig_requested;
171 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
172 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
173 static bool nographic = false;
174 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
175 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
176 static DisplayOptions dpy;
177 static int num_serial_hds;
178 static Chardev **serial_hds;
179 static const char *log_mask;
180 static const char *log_file;
181 static bool list_data_dirs;
182 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
183 static const char *qtest_log;
184 
185 static int has_defaults = 1;
186 static int default_audio = 1;
187 static int default_serial = 1;
188 static int default_parallel = 1;
189 static int default_monitor = 1;
190 static int default_floppy = 1;
191 static int default_cdrom = 1;
192 static int default_sdcard = 1;
193 static int default_vga = 1;
194 static int default_net = 1;
195 
196 static const struct {
197     const char *driver;
198     int *flag;
199 } default_list[] = {
200     { .driver = "xen-console",          .flag = &default_serial    },
201     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
203     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
204     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
206     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
210     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
220 };
221 
222 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
223     .name = "rtc",
224     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
225     .merge_lists = true,
226     .desc = {
227         {
228             .name = "base",
229             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
230         },{
231             .name = "clock",
232             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
233         },{
234             .name = "driftfix",
235             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
236         },
237         { /* end of list */ }
238     },
239 };
240 
241 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
242     .name = "option-rom",
243     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
244     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
245     .desc = {
246         {
247             .name = "bootindex",
248             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
249         }, {
250             .name = "romfile",
251             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
252         },
253         { /* end of list */ }
254     },
255 };
256 
257 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
258     .name = "accel",
259     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
260     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
261     .desc = {
262         /*
263          * no elements => accept any
264          * sanity checking will happen later
265          * when setting accelerator properties
266          */
267         { }
268     },
269 };
270 
271 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
272     .name = "boot-opts",
273     .implied_opt_name = "order",
274     .merge_lists = true,
275     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
276     .desc = {
277         {
278             .name = "order",
279             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
280         }, {
281             .name = "once",
282             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
283         }, {
284             .name = "menu",
285             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
286         }, {
287             .name = "splash",
288             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
289         }, {
290             .name = "splash-time",
291             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
292         }, {
293             .name = "reboot-timeout",
294             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
295         }, {
296             .name = "strict",
297             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
298         },
299         { /*End of list */ }
300     },
301 };
302 
303 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
304     .name = "add-fd",
305     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
306     .desc = {
307         {
308             .name = "fd",
309             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
310             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
311         },{
312             .name = "set",
313             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
314             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
315         },{
316             .name = "opaque",
317             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
318             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
319         },
320         { /* end of list */ }
321     },
322 };
323 
324 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
325     .name = "object",
326     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
327     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
328     .desc = {
329         { }
330     },
331 };
332 
333 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
334     .name = "tpmdev",
335     .implied_opt_name = "type",
336     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
337     .desc = {
338         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
339         { /* end of list */ }
340     },
341 };
342 
343 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
344     .name = "overcommit",
345     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
346     .desc = {
347         {
348             .name = "mem-lock",
349             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
350         },
351         {
352             .name = "cpu-pm",
353             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
354         },
355         { /* end of list */ }
356     },
357 };
358 
359 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
360     .name = "msg",
361     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
362     .desc = {
363         {
364             .name = "timestamp",
365             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
366         },
367         {
368             .name = "guest-name",
369             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
370             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
371                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
372         },
373         { /* end of list */ }
374     },
375 };
376 
377 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
378     .name = "name",
379     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
380     .merge_lists = true,
381     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
382     .desc = {
383         {
384             .name = "guest",
385             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
386             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
387                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
388                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
389         }, {
390             .name = "process",
391             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
392             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
393         }, {
394             .name = "debug-threads",
395             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
396             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
397                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
398                     "stable API.",
399         },
400         { /* End of list */ }
401     },
402 };
403 
404 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
405     .name = "memory",
406     .implied_opt_name = "size",
407     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
408     .merge_lists = true,
409     .desc = {
410         {
411             .name = "size",
412             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
413         },
414         {
415             .name = "slots",
416             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
417         },
418         {
419             .name = "maxmem",
420             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
421         },
422         { /* end of list */ }
423     },
424 };
425 
426 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
427     .name = "icount",
428     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
429     .merge_lists = true,
430     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
431     .desc = {
432         {
433             .name = "shift",
434             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
435         }, {
436             .name = "align",
437             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
438         }, {
439             .name = "sleep",
440             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
441         }, {
442             .name = "rr",
443             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
444         }, {
445             .name = "rrfile",
446             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
447         }, {
448             .name = "rrsnapshot",
449             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
450         },
451         { /* end of list */ }
452     },
453 };
454 
455 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
456     .name = "fw_cfg",
457     .implied_opt_name = "name",
458     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
459     .desc = {
460         {
461             .name = "name",
462             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
463             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
464         }, {
465             .name = "file",
466             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
467             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
468                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
469         }, {
470             .name = "string",
471             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
472             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
473         }, {
474             .name = "gen_id",
475             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
476             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
477                     "to be inserted",
478         },
479         { /* end of list */ }
480     },
481 };
482 
483 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
484     .name = "action",
485     .merge_lists = true,
486     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
487     .desc = {
488         {
489             .name = "shutdown",
490             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
491         },{
492             .name = "reboot",
493             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
494         },{
495             .name = "panic",
496             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
497         },{
498             .name = "watchdog",
499             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
500         },
501         { /* end of list */ }
502     },
503 };
504 
505 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
506 {
507     return qemu_name;
508 }
509 
510 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
511 {
512     int i;
513 
514     if (!driver) {
515         return;
516     }
517 
518     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
519         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
520             continue;
521         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
522     }
523 }
524 
525 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
526 {
527     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
528 
529     default_driver_disable(driver);
530     return 0;
531 }
532 
533 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
534 {
535     DeviceOption *opt;
536 
537     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
538         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
539         default_driver_disable(driver);
540     }
541 }
542 
543 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
544 {
545     const char *proc_name;
546 
547     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
548         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
549     }
550     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
551 
552     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
553     if (proc_name) {
554         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
555     }
556 
557     return 0;
558 }
559 
560 bool defaults_enabled(void)
561 {
562     return has_defaults;
563 }
564 
565 #ifndef _WIN32
566 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
567 {
568     int fd, dupfd, flags;
569     int64_t fdset_id;
570     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
571     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
572 
573     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
574     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
575     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
576 
577     if (fd < 0) {
578         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
579         return -1;
580     }
581 
582     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
583         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
584         return -1;
585     }
586 
587     /*
588      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
589      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
590      */
591     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
592     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
593         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
594         return -1;
595     }
596 
597     if (fdset_id < 0) {
598         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
599         return -1;
600     }
601 
602 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
603     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
604 #else
605     dupfd = dup(fd);
606     if (dupfd != -1) {
607         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
608     }
609 #endif
610     if (dupfd == -1) {
611         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
612         return -1;
613     }
614 
615     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
616     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
617                                   &error_abort);
618     g_free(fdinfo);
619 
620     return 0;
621 }
622 
623 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
624 {
625     int fd;
626 
627     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
628     close(fd);
629 
630     return 0;
631 }
632 #endif
633 
634 /***********************************************************/
635 /* QEMU Block devices */
636 
637 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
638 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
639 #define FD_OPTS ""
640 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
641 #define MTD_OPTS ""
642 #define SD_OPTS ""
643 
644 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
645 {
646     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
647 
648     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
649 }
650 
651 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
652 {
653     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
654         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
655     }
656     return 0;
657 }
658 
659 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
660                           int index, const char *optstr)
661 {
662     QemuOpts *opts;
663     DriveInfo *dinfo;
664 
665     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
666         return;
667     }
668 
669     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
670     if (snapshot) {
671         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
672     }
673 
674     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
675     dinfo->is_default = true;
676 
677 }
678 
679 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
680                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
681 {
682     /*
683      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
684      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
685      * now.
686      */
687     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
688         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
689                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
690     }
691 
692     /* open the virtual block devices */
693     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
694         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
695 
696         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
697         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
698         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
699         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
700         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
701         g_free(bdo);
702     }
703     if (snapshot) {
704         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
705                           NULL, NULL);
706     }
707     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
708                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
709         /* We printed help */
710         exit(0);
711     }
712 
713     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
714                   CDROM_OPTS);
715     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
717 
718 }
719 
720 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
721     .name = "smp-opts",
722     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
723     .merge_lists = true,
724     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
725     .desc = {
726         {
727             .name = "cpus",
728             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
729         }, {
730             .name = "drawers",
731             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
732         }, {
733             .name = "books",
734             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
735         }, {
736             .name = "sockets",
737             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
738         }, {
739             .name = "dies",
740             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
741         }, {
742             .name = "clusters",
743             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
744         }, {
745             .name = "modules",
746             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
747         }, {
748             .name = "cores",
749             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
750         }, {
751             .name = "threads",
752             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
753         }, {
754             .name = "maxcpus",
755             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
756         },
757         { /*End of list */ }
758     },
759 };
760 
761 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
762 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
763     .name = "run-with",
764     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
765     .desc = {
766 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
767         {
768             .name = "async-teardown",
769             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
770         },
771 #endif
772         {
773             .name = "chroot",
774             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
775         },
776         { /* end of list */ }
777     },
778 };
779 
780 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
781 
782 #else
783 
784 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
785 
786 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
787 
788 static void realtime_init(void)
789 {
790     if (enable_mlock) {
791         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
792             error_report("locking memory failed");
793             exit(1);
794         }
795     }
796 }
797 
798 
799 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
800 {
801     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
802     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
803 }
804 
805 
806 /***********************************************************/
807 /* USB devices */
808 
809 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
810 {
811     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
812 
813     if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
814         return -1;
815     }
816 
817     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
818     if (!dev)
819         return -1;
820 
821     return 0;
822 }
823 
824 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
825 {
826     int r;
827     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
828     if (r < 0) {
829         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
830     }
831     return r;
832 }
833 
834 /***********************************************************/
835 /* machine registration */
836 
837 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
838 {
839     GSList *el;
840 
841     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
842         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
843 
844         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
845             return mc;
846         }
847     }
848 
849     return NULL;
850 }
851 
852 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
853 {
854     GSList *el;
855     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
856 
857     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
858         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
859 
860         if (mc->is_default) {
861             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
862             default_machineclass = mc;
863         }
864     }
865 
866     return default_machineclass;
867 }
868 
869 static void version(void)
870 {
871     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
872            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
873 }
874 
875 static void help(int exitcode)
876 {
877     version();
878     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
879            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
880             g_get_prgname());
881 
882 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
883     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
884         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
885 
886 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
887     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
888         puts(stringify(text));
889 
890 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
891 
892 #include "qemu-options.def"
893 
894     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
895            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
896            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
897            "ctrl-alt-g      toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
898            "\n"
899            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
900            "\n"
901            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
902 
903     exit(exitcode);
904 }
905 
906 enum {
907 
908 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
909     opt_enum,
910 #define DEFHEADING(text)
911 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
912 
913 #include "qemu-options.def"
914 };
915 
916 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
917 
918 typedef struct QEMUOption {
919     const char *name;
920     int flags;
921     int index;
922     uint32_t arch_mask;
923 } QEMUOption;
924 
925 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
926     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
927 
928 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
929     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
930 #define DEFHEADING(text)
931 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
932 
933 #include "qemu-options.def"
934     { /* end of list */ }
935 };
936 
937 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
938     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
939     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
940     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
941      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
942     const char *class_names[2];
943 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
944 
945 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
946     [VGA_NONE] = {
947         .opt_name = "none",
948         .name = "no graphic card",
949     },
950     [VGA_STD] = {
951         .opt_name = "std",
952         .name = "standard VGA",
953         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
954     },
955     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
956         .opt_name = "cirrus",
957         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
958         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
959     },
960     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
961         .opt_name = "vmware",
962         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
963         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
964     },
965     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
966         .opt_name = "virtio",
967         .name = "Virtio VGA",
968         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
969     },
970     [VGA_QXL] = {
971         .opt_name = "qxl",
972         .name = "QXL VGA",
973         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
974     },
975     [VGA_TCX] = {
976         .opt_name = "tcx",
977         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
978         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
979     },
980     [VGA_CG3] = {
981         .opt_name = "cg3",
982         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
983         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
984     },
985 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
986     [VGA_XENFB] = {
987         .opt_name = "xenfb",
988         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
989     },
990 #endif
991 };
992 
993 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
994 {
995     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
996 
997     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
998     return !ti->class_names[0] ||
999            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
1000            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
1001 }
1002 
1003 static const char *
1004 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
1005 {
1006     if (machine_class->default_display) {
1007         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1008             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1009 
1010             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1011                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1012                 return machine_class->default_display;
1013             }
1014         }
1015 
1016         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1017                          machine_class->default_display);
1018         return NULL;
1019     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1020         return "cirrus";
1021     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1022         return "std";
1023     }
1024 
1025     return NULL;
1026 }
1027 
1028 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1029 {
1030     const char *opts;
1031     int t;
1032 
1033     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1034         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1035 
1036         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1037             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1038 
1039             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1040                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1041                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1042                         " (default)" : "");
1043             }
1044         }
1045         exit(0);
1046     }
1047 
1048     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1049     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1050         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1051         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1052             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1053                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1054                 exit(1);
1055             }
1056             vga_interface_type = t;
1057             break;
1058         }
1059     }
1060     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1061     invalid_vga:
1062         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1063         exit(1);
1064     }
1065     while (*opts) {
1066         const char *nextopt;
1067 
1068         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1069             opts = nextopt;
1070             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1071                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1072             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1073                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1074             else goto invalid_vga;
1075         } else goto invalid_vga;
1076         opts = nextopt;
1077     }
1078 }
1079 
1080 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1081 {
1082     DisplayOptions *opts;
1083     Visitor *v;
1084 
1085     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1086 
1087     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1088     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1089 
1090     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1091     visit_free(v);
1092 }
1093 
1094 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1095 {
1096     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1097 }
1098 
1099 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1100 {
1101     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1102         qemu_display_help();
1103         exit(0);
1104     }
1105 
1106 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
1107     const char *opts;
1108 
1109     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1110         /*
1111          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1112          * display access.
1113          */
1114         if (*opts == '=') {
1115             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1116             display_remote++;
1117         } else {
1118             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1119             exit(1);
1120         }
1121         return;
1122     }
1123 #endif
1124 
1125     parse_display_qapi(p);
1126 }
1127 
1128 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1129 {
1130     return str && *str;
1131 }
1132 
1133 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1134 {
1135     gchar *buf;
1136     size_t size;
1137     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1138     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1139 
1140     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1141         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1142         return -1;
1143     }
1144     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1145     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1146     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1147     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1148 
1149     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1150     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1151         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1152         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1153                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1154         return -1;
1155     }
1156     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1157         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1158                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1159         return -1;
1160     }
1161     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1162         /*
1163          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1164          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1165          * so do not emit a warning.
1166          */
1167     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1168         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1169                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1170     }
1171     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1172         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1173         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1174     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1175         if (!fw_cfg_add_from_generator(fw_cfg, name, gen_id, errp)) {
1176             return -1;
1177         }
1178         return 0;
1179     } else {
1180         GError *err = NULL;
1181         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1182             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1183             g_error_free(err);
1184             return -1;
1185         }
1186     }
1187     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1188     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1189     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1190     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1191     return 0;
1192 }
1193 
1194 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1195 {
1196     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1197 }
1198 
1199 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1200 {
1201     DeviceState *dev;
1202 
1203     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1204     if (!dev && *errp) {
1205         error_report_err(*errp);
1206         return -1;
1207     } else if (dev) {
1208         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1209     }
1210     return 0;
1211 }
1212 
1213 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1214 {
1215     Error *local_err = NULL;
1216 
1217     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1218         if (local_err) {
1219             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1220             return -1;
1221         }
1222         exit(0);
1223     }
1224     return 0;
1225 }
1226 
1227 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1228 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1229 {
1230     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1231 }
1232 #endif
1233 
1234 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1235 {
1236     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1237 }
1238 
1239 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1240 {
1241     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1242     QemuOpts *opts;
1243     const char *p;
1244     char label[32];
1245 
1246     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1247         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1248     } else {
1249         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1250                  monitor_device_index);
1251         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1252         if (!opts) {
1253             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1254             exit(1);
1255         }
1256     }
1257 
1258     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1259     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1260     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1261     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1262         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1263     } else {
1264         assert(pretty == false);
1265     }
1266     monitor_device_index++;
1267 }
1268 
1269 struct device_config {
1270     enum {
1271         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1272         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1273         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1274         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1275         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1276         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1277     } type;
1278     const char *cmdline;
1279     Location loc;
1280     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1281 };
1282 
1283 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1284     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1285 
1286 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1287 {
1288     struct device_config *conf;
1289 
1290     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1291     conf->type = type;
1292     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1293     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1294     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1295 }
1296 
1297 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
1298 {
1299     struct device_config *conf;
1300     int rc;
1301 
1302     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1303         if (conf->type != type)
1304             continue;
1305         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1306         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
1307         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1308         if (rc) {
1309             return rc;
1310         }
1311     }
1312     return 0;
1313 }
1314 
1315 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1316 {
1317     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1318 
1319     default_driver_check_json();
1320     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1321                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1322     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1323                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1324 
1325     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1326         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1327         vga_interface_created = true;
1328     }
1329     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1330         default_serial = 0;
1331     }
1332     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1333         default_parallel = 0;
1334     }
1335     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1336         default_floppy = 0;
1337     }
1338     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1339         default_cdrom = 0;
1340     }
1341     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1342         default_sdcard = 0;
1343     }
1344     if (!has_defaults) {
1345         default_audio = 0;
1346         default_monitor = 0;
1347         default_net = 0;
1348         default_vga = 0;
1349     } else {
1350         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1351             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1352             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1353                         machine_class->default_nic);
1354             default_net = 0;
1355         }
1356     }
1357 }
1358 
1359 static void qemu_setup_display(void)
1360 {
1361     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1362         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1363             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1364 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1365             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1366             display_remote++;
1367 #endif
1368         }
1369     }
1370     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1371         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1372     }
1373 
1374     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1375 }
1376 
1377 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1378 {
1379     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1380     const char *vc = qemu_display_get_vc(&dpy);
1381 
1382     if (is_daemonized()) {
1383         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1384          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1385          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1386          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1387          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1388          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1389          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1390          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1391          */
1392         if (nographic
1393             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1394             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1395             exit(1);
1396         }
1397     }
1398 
1399     if (nographic) {
1400         if (default_parallel) {
1401             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1402         }
1403         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1404             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1405         } else {
1406             if (default_serial) {
1407                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1408             }
1409             if (default_monitor) {
1410                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1411             }
1412         }
1413     } else {
1414         if (default_serial) {
1415             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, vc ?: "null");
1416         }
1417         if (default_parallel) {
1418             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, vc ?: "null");
1419         }
1420         if (default_monitor && vc) {
1421             monitor_parse(vc, "readline", false);
1422         }
1423     }
1424 
1425     if (default_net) {
1426         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1427         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1428 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1429         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1430 #endif
1431     }
1432 
1433     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1434     if (default_vga) {
1435         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1436     }
1437     if (vga_model) {
1438         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1439     }
1440 }
1441 
1442 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
1443 {
1444     int index = num_serial_hds;
1445 
1446     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1447 
1448     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0) {
1449         /* Don't allocate a serial device for this index */
1450         serial_hds[index] = NULL;
1451     } else {
1452         char label[32];
1453         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1454 
1455         serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1456         if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1457             error_report("could not connect serial device"
1458                          " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1459             return -1;
1460         }
1461     }
1462     num_serial_hds++;
1463     return 0;
1464 }
1465 
1466 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1467 {
1468     assert(i >= 0);
1469     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1470         return serial_hds[i];
1471     }
1472     return NULL;
1473 }
1474 
1475 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
1476 {
1477     static int index = 0;
1478     char label[32];
1479 
1480     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1481         return 0;
1482     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1483         error_report("too many parallel ports");
1484         exit(1);
1485     }
1486     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1487     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1488     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1489         error_report("could not connect parallel device"
1490                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1491         return -1;
1492     }
1493     index++;
1494     return 0;
1495 }
1496 
1497 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
1498 {
1499     QemuOpts *opts;
1500 
1501     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1502         error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1503         exit(1);
1504     }
1505     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1506     if (!opts) {
1507         error_report("already have a debugcon device");
1508         exit(1);
1509     }
1510     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1511     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1512     return 0;
1513 }
1514 
1515 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1516 {
1517     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1518     int res;
1519 
1520     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1521         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1522             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1523              * in increasing order.
1524              */
1525             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1526                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1527         }
1528 
1529         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1530         return 1;
1531     }
1532 
1533     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1534         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1535         return -1;
1536     }
1537 
1538     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1539     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1540     if (res != 0) {
1541         return res;
1542     }
1543 
1544     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1545     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1546                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1547 }
1548 
1549 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1550 {
1551     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = NULL;
1552     GSList *el;
1553     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1554 
1555     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1556     if (type) {
1557         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1558         if (machine_class) {
1559             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1560             return;
1561         }
1562     }
1563 
1564     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1565     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1566     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1567         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1568         if (mc->alias) {
1569             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1570         }
1571         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1572                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1573                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1574     }
1575 }
1576 
1577 static void
1578 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1579 {
1580     QDict *opts;
1581 
1582     opts = qdict_new();
1583     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1584     qobject_ref(prop);
1585     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1586     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1587     qobject_unref(opts);
1588 }
1589 
1590 static void
1591 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1592                            const char *arg)
1593 {
1594     QDict *prop = NULL;
1595     bool help = false;
1596 
1597     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1598     if (help) {
1599         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1600         exit(0);
1601     }
1602     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1603     qobject_unref(prop);
1604 }
1605 
1606 static const char *pid_file;
1607 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1608     Notifier notifier;
1609     char *pid_file_realpath;
1610 };
1611 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1612 
1613 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1614 {
1615     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1616 
1617     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1618     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1619 }
1620 
1621 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1622                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1623 {
1624     const QEMUOption *popt;
1625     int optind = *poptind;
1626     char *r = argv[optind];
1627     const char *optarg;
1628 
1629     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1630     optind++;
1631     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1632     if (r[1] == '-')
1633         r++;
1634     popt = qemu_options;
1635     for(;;) {
1636         if (!popt->name) {
1637             error_report("invalid option");
1638             exit(1);
1639         }
1640         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1641             break;
1642         popt++;
1643     }
1644     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1645         if (optind >= argc) {
1646             error_report("requires an argument");
1647             exit(1);
1648         }
1649         optarg = argv[optind++];
1650         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1651     } else {
1652         optarg = NULL;
1653     }
1654 
1655     *poptarg = optarg;
1656     *poptind = optind;
1657 
1658     return popt;
1659 }
1660 
1661 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1662 {
1663     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1664     GSList *machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1665     MachineClass *machine_class;
1666     Error *local_err = NULL;
1667 
1668     if (machine_type) {
1669         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1670         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1671         if (!machine_class) {
1672             error_setg(&local_err, "unsupported machine type");
1673         }
1674     } else {
1675         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1676         if (!machine_class) {
1677             error_setg(&local_err, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1678         }
1679     }
1680 
1681     g_slist_free(machines);
1682     if (local_err) {
1683         error_append_hint(&local_err, "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1684         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1685     }
1686     return machine_class;
1687 }
1688 
1689 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1690                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1691                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1692 {
1693     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1694         return 0;
1695     }
1696 
1697     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1698         return -1;
1699     }
1700 
1701     return 0;
1702 }
1703 
1704 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1705 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1706 {
1707     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1708     char *p;
1709 
1710     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1711         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1712 
1713         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1714         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1715             continue;
1716         }
1717         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1718         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1719             if (*p == '_') {
1720                 *p = '-';
1721             }
1722         }
1723         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1724             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1725             return;
1726         }
1727         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1728         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1729         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1730     }
1731 }
1732 
1733 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1734 {
1735     const char *value;
1736     QObject *prop;
1737 
1738     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1739 
1740     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1741     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1742     if (value) {
1743         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1744         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1745     }
1746 
1747     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1748     if (value) {
1749         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1750                                    false);
1751         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1752     }
1753 
1754     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1755     if (value) {
1756         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1757                                    false);
1758         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1759     }
1760 
1761     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1762     if (value) {
1763         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1764                                    false);
1765         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1766                                    false);
1767         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1768     }
1769 
1770     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1771     if (value) {
1772         if (mem_path) {
1773             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1774                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1775             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1776         }
1777 
1778         /* Resolved later.  */
1779         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1780         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1781     }
1782 
1783     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1784     if (prop) {
1785         have_custom_ram_size =
1786             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1787             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1788     }
1789 }
1790 
1791 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1792 {
1793     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1794 
1795     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1796         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1797         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1798             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1799             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1800             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1801             g_free(opt);
1802         }
1803     }
1804 }
1805 
1806 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1807 {
1808     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1809     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1810     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1811 }
1812 
1813 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1814 {
1815     QemuOpts *opts;
1816     const char *type;
1817     Visitor *v;
1818 
1819     if (str[0] == '{') {
1820         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1821 
1822         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1823         qobject_unref(obj);
1824     } else {
1825         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1826                                        str, true);
1827         if (!opts) {
1828             exit(1);
1829         }
1830 
1831         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1832         if (!type) {
1833             error_setg(&error_fatal, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1834         }
1835         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1836             exit(0);
1837         }
1838 
1839         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1840     }
1841 
1842     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1843     visit_free(v);
1844 }
1845 
1846 /*
1847  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1848  */
1849 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1850 {
1851     /*
1852      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1853      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1854      */
1855 
1856     /*
1857      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1858      * affinity of threads.
1859      */
1860     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1861         return true;
1862     }
1863 
1864     return false;
1865 }
1866 
1867 /*
1868  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1869  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1870  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1871  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1872  * already existing.
1873  */
1874 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1875 {
1876     /*
1877      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1878      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1879      */
1880 
1881     /* Reason: already created. */
1882     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1883         return false;
1884     }
1885 
1886     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1887     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1888         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1889         return false;
1890     }
1891 
1892 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1893     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1894     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1895         return false;
1896     }
1897 #endif
1898 
1899     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1900     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1901         return false;
1902     }
1903     /*
1904      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1905      */
1906     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1907         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1908         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1909         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1910         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1911         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1912         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1913         return false;
1914     }
1915 
1916     /*
1917      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1918      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1919      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1920      */
1921     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1922         return false;
1923     }
1924 
1925     return true;
1926 }
1927 
1928 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1929 {
1930     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1931 
1932     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1933         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1934         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1935     }
1936 
1937     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1938         replay_add_blocker("multiple CPUs");
1939     }
1940 }
1941 
1942 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1943 {
1944     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1945 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1946     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1947 #else
1948     const bool use_sdl = false;
1949 #endif
1950 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1951     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1952 #else
1953     const bool use_gtk = false;
1954 #endif
1955 
1956     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1957         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1958                      "ignoring option");
1959     }
1960 
1961     qemu_console_early_init();
1962 
1963     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1964 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1965         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
1966 #else
1967         error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
1968 #endif
1969         exit(1);
1970     }
1971 
1972     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1973 
1974     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1975     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1976     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1977     qemu_spice.init();
1978 
1979     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1980                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1981 
1982 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1983     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1984                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1985 #endif
1986 
1987     /*
1988      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
1989      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
1990      */
1991     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
1992     audio_init_audiodevs();
1993     if (default_audio) {
1994         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
1995     }
1996 }
1997 
1998 
1999 /*
2000  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
2001  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
2002  */
2003 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
2004 {
2005     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
2006 }
2007 
2008 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
2009 {
2010     if (qtest_chrdev) {
2011         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
2012     }
2013 
2014     net_init_clients();
2015 
2016     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
2017 
2018     /*
2019      * Wait for any outstanding memory prealloc from created memory
2020      * backends to complete.
2021      */
2022     if (!qemu_finish_async_prealloc_mem(&error_fatal)) {
2023         exit(1);
2024     }
2025 
2026     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
2027         exit(1);
2028     }
2029 
2030     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
2031                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2032 
2033     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
2034         exit(1);
2035     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
2036         exit(1);
2037     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
2038         exit(1);
2039 
2040     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2041     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2042 }
2043 
2044 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2045 {
2046     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2047         Object *backend;
2048         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2049 
2050         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2051                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2052         if (!backend) {
2053             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2054             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2055         }
2056         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2057             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2058             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2059         }
2060         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2061                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2062     }
2063 }
2064 
2065 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2066 {
2067     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2068     QDict *dict, *prop;
2069     const char *mem_str;
2070     Location loc;
2071 
2072     loc_push_none(&loc);
2073     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2074 
2075     prop = qdict_new();
2076 
2077     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2078         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2079         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2080         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2081             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2082             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2083         } else {
2084             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2085         }
2086     }
2087 
2088     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2089         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2090     }
2091     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2092         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2093     }
2094 
2095     dict = qdict_new();
2096     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2097     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2098     qobject_unref(dict);
2099     loc_pop(&loc);
2100 }
2101 
2102 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2103 {
2104     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2105     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2106 
2107     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2108     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2109                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2110     object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
2111                                             "/unattached"),
2112                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2113 
2114     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2115         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2116             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2117              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2118              */
2119             g_assert_not_reached();
2120         }
2121     }
2122 
2123     cpu_exec_init_all();
2124 
2125     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2126         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2127     }
2128 
2129     /*
2130      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2131      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2132      */
2133     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2134         QDict *default_opts =
2135             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2136                          &error_abort);
2137         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2138         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2139                                           false, &error_abort);
2140         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2141     }
2142 }
2143 
2144 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2145 {
2146     GlobalProperty *g;
2147 
2148     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2149     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2150     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2151     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2152     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2153     return 0;
2154 }
2155 
2156 /*
2157  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2158  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2159  */
2160 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2161 {
2162     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2163         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2164         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2165         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2166         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2167         return false;
2168     }
2169     return true;
2170 }
2171 
2172 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2173                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2174 {
2175     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2176         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2177         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2178         visit_free(v);
2179 
2180     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2181         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2182         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2183         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2184             audio_define(dev);
2185         }
2186         visit_free(v);
2187 
2188     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2189         /*
2190          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2191          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2192          */
2193         assert(!from_json);
2194         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2195     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2196         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2197     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2198         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2199     } else {
2200         abort();
2201     }
2202 }
2203 
2204 /*
2205  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2206  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2207  */
2208 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2209                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2210 {
2211     QObject *crumpled;
2212     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2213         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2214         return;
2215     }
2216 
2217     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2218     if (!crumpled) {
2219         return;
2220     }
2221     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2222     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2223         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2224         break;
2225     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2226         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2227         break;
2228     default:
2229         g_assert_not_reached();
2230     }
2231     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2232 }
2233 
2234 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2235 {
2236     ERRP_GUARD();
2237     int ret;
2238     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2239 
2240     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2241     if (ret < 0) {
2242         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2243             error_free(*errp);
2244             *errp = NULL;
2245         }
2246     }
2247 }
2248 
2249 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2250 {
2251     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2252     QemuOptsList *list;
2253     QemuOpts *opts;
2254     int rc, offset;
2255 
2256     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2257     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2258         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2259         return;
2260     }
2261 
2262     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2263         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2264     } else {
2265         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2266         if (list) {
2267             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2268             if (!opts) {
2269                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2270                 return;
2271             }
2272             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2273         }
2274     }
2275 }
2276 
2277 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2278 {
2279     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2280                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2281 }
2282 
2283 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2284 {
2285     return !icount_configure(opts, errp);
2286 }
2287 
2288 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2289                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2290                                 Error **errp)
2291 {
2292     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2293 }
2294 
2295 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2296 {
2297     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2298     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2299     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2300     AccelState *accel;
2301     int ret;
2302     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2303 
2304     if (!acc) {
2305         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2306         goto bad;
2307     }
2308 
2309     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2310 
2311     if (!ac) {
2312         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2313             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2314         }
2315         goto bad;
2316     }
2317     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2318     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2319     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2320                      accel,
2321                      &error_fatal);
2322 
2323     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2324     if (ret < 0) {
2325         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2326             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2327         }
2328         goto bad;
2329     }
2330 
2331     return 1;
2332 
2333 bad:
2334     *p_init_failed = true;
2335     return 0;
2336 }
2337 
2338 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2339 {
2340     bool init_failed = false;
2341 
2342     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2343                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2344 
2345     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2346         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2347 
2348         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2349             /* Select the default accelerator */
2350             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2351             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2352 
2353             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2354                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2355                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2356                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2357                 } else {
2358                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2359                 }
2360             } else if (have_kvm) {
2361                 accelerators = "kvm";
2362             } else if (have_tcg) {
2363                 accelerators = "tcg";
2364             } else {
2365                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2366                              " no default accelerator available");
2367                 exit(1);
2368             }
2369         }
2370         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2371 
2372         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2373             /*
2374              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2375              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2376              */
2377             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2378                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2379             } else {
2380                 init_failed = true;
2381                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2382             }
2383         }
2384         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2385     } else {
2386         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2387             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2388             exit(1);
2389         }
2390     }
2391 
2392     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2393                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2394         if (!init_failed) {
2395             error_report("no accelerator found");
2396         }
2397         exit(1);
2398     }
2399 
2400     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2401         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2402     }
2403 
2404     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2405         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2406         exit(1);
2407     }
2408 }
2409 
2410 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2411 {
2412     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2413     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2414     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2415 
2416     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2417          if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2418               error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2419               exit(1);
2420           }
2421 
2422           if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2423               error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2424               exit(1);
2425           }
2426     }
2427 
2428     if (loadvm && incoming) {
2429         error_report("'incoming' and 'loadvm' options are mutually exclusive");
2430         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2431     }
2432     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2433         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2434                      "mutually exclusive");
2435         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2436     }
2437     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2438         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2439         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2440     }
2441 
2442 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2443     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2444         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2445         exit(1);
2446     }
2447 #endif
2448 }
2449 
2450 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2451 {
2452     if (mem_prealloc) {
2453         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2454         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2455             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2456             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2457                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2458                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2459                                            val, false);
2460             }
2461         }
2462         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2463     }
2464 }
2465 
2466 /* -action processing */
2467 
2468 /*
2469  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2470  */
2471 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2472 {
2473     Error *local_err = NULL;
2474     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2475     QObject *ret = NULL;
2476     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2477     qobject_unref(ret);
2478     qobject_unref(qdict);
2479     if (local_err) {
2480         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2481         return 1;
2482     }
2483     return 0;
2484 }
2485 
2486 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2487 {
2488     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2489                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2490 
2491     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2492 
2493 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2494     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2495     if (olist) {
2496         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2497     }
2498 #endif
2499 
2500     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2501                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2502         exit(1);
2503     }
2504 
2505 #ifndef _WIN32
2506     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2507                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2508 
2509     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2510                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2511 #endif
2512 
2513     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2514     {
2515         int mask = 0;
2516         if (log_mask) {
2517             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2518             if (!mask) {
2519                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2520                 exit(1);
2521             }
2522         }
2523         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2524     }
2525 
2526     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2527 }
2528 
2529 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2530 {
2531     /*
2532      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2533      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2534      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2535      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2536      */
2537     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2538         list_cpus();
2539         exit(0);
2540     }
2541 
2542     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2543                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2544         exit(0);
2545     }
2546 
2547     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2548     if (list_data_dirs) {
2549         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2550         exit(0);
2551     }
2552 }
2553 
2554 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2555 {
2556     Error *err = NULL;
2557 
2558     os_daemonize();
2559     rcu_disable_atfork();
2560 
2561     if (pid_file) {
2562         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2563 
2564         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2565             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2566             exit(1);
2567         }
2568 
2569         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2570         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2571             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2572                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2573                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2574             }
2575             return;
2576         }
2577 
2578         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2579             .notifier = {
2580                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2581             },
2582             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2583         };
2584         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2585     }
2586 }
2587 
2588 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2589 {
2590     DisplayState *ds;
2591 
2592     /* init local displays */
2593     ds = init_displaystate();
2594     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2595 
2596     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2597     os_setup_signal_handling();
2598 
2599     /* init remote displays */
2600 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2601     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2602                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2603 #endif
2604 
2605     if (using_spice) {
2606         qemu_spice.display_init();
2607     }
2608 }
2609 
2610 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2611 {
2612     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2613     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2614 
2615     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2616     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2617 
2618     drive_check_orphaned();
2619 
2620     realtime_init();
2621 }
2622 
2623 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2624 {
2625     DeviceOption *opt;
2626 
2627     soundhw_init();
2628 
2629     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2630                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2631 
2632     /* init USB devices */
2633     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2634         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
2635             exit(1);
2636     }
2637 
2638     /* init generic devices */
2639     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2640     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2641                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2642     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2643         DeviceState *dev;
2644         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2645         /*
2646          * TODO Eventually we should call qmp_device_add() here to make sure it
2647          * behaves the same, but QMP still has to accept incorrectly typed
2648          * options until libvirt is fixed and we want to be strict on the CLI
2649          * from the start, so call qdev_device_add_from_qdict() directly for
2650          * now.
2651          */
2652         dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(opt->opts, true, &error_fatal);
2653         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
2654         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2655     }
2656     rom_reset_order_override();
2657 }
2658 
2659 static bool qemu_machine_creation_done(Error **errp)
2660 {
2661     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2662 
2663     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2664     drive_check_orphaned();
2665 
2666     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2667      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2668      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2669      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2670      * requested one
2671      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2672      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2673      */
2674     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2675         net_check_clients();
2676     }
2677 
2678     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2679 
2680     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2681 
2682     if (machine->cgs && !machine->cgs->ready) {
2683         error_setg(errp, "accelerator does not support confidential guest %s",
2684                    object_get_typename(OBJECT(machine->cgs)));
2685         exit(1);
2686     }
2687 
2688     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
2689         error_setg(errp, "could not start gdbserver");
2690         return false;
2691     }
2692     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2693         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2694         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2695                     "type does not use that option; "
2696                     "No VGA device has been created");
2697     }
2698     return true;
2699 }
2700 
2701 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2702 {
2703     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2704         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2705         return;
2706     }
2707 
2708     qemu_init_board();
2709     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2710     if (!qemu_machine_creation_done(errp)) {
2711         return;
2712     }
2713 
2714     if (loadvm) {
2715         RunState state = autostart ? RUN_STATE_RUNNING : runstate_get();
2716         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2717         load_snapshot_resume(state);
2718     }
2719     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2720         replay_vmstate_init();
2721     }
2722 
2723     if (incoming) {
2724         Error *local_err = NULL;
2725         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2726             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, false, NULL, &local_err);
2727             if (local_err) {
2728                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2729                 exit(1);
2730             }
2731         }
2732     } else if (autostart) {
2733         qmp_cont(NULL);
2734     }
2735 }
2736 
2737 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2738 {
2739     QemuOpts *opts;
2740     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2741     QemuOptsList *olist;
2742     int optind;
2743     const char *optarg;
2744     MachineClass *machine_class;
2745     bool userconfig = true;
2746     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2747 
2748     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2749     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2750     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2751     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2752     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2753     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2754     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2755     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2756     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2757     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2758     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2759     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2760     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2761     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2762     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2763     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2764     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2765     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2766     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2767     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2768     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2769     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2770     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2771     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2772     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2773     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2774     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2775     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2776     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2777     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2778     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2779     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2780     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2781 
2782     error_init(argv[0]);
2783     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2784 
2785     os_setup_limits();
2786 
2787     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2788 
2789     qemu_init_subsystems();
2790 
2791     /* first pass of option parsing */
2792     optind = 1;
2793     while (optind < argc) {
2794         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2795             /* disk image */
2796             optind++;
2797         } else {
2798             const QEMUOption *popt;
2799 
2800             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2801             switch (popt->index) {
2802             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2803                 userconfig = false;
2804                 break;
2805             }
2806         }
2807     }
2808 
2809     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2810     if (userconfig) {
2811         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2812     }
2813 
2814     /* second pass of option parsing */
2815     optind = 1;
2816     for(;;) {
2817         if (optind >= argc)
2818             break;
2819         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2820             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2821             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2822         } else {
2823             const QEMUOption *popt;
2824 
2825             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2826             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2827                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2828                 exit(1);
2829             }
2830             switch(popt->index) {
2831             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2832                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2833                 cpu_option = optarg;
2834                 break;
2835             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2836             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2837             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2838             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2839                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2840                           HD_OPTS);
2841                 break;
2842             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2843                 {
2844                     Visitor *v;
2845                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2846 
2847                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2848                                                       &error_fatal);
2849 
2850                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2851                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2852                                                &error_fatal);
2853                     visit_free(v);
2854                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2855                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2856                     break;
2857                 }
2858             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2859                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2860                                                optarg, false);
2861                 if (opts == NULL) {
2862                     exit(1);
2863                 }
2864                 break;
2865             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2866                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2867                 break;
2868             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2869                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2870                     exit(1);
2871                 break;
2872             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2873                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2874                 break;
2875             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2876                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2877                 break;
2878             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2879                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2880                 break;
2881             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2882                 snapshot = 1;
2883                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2884                 break;
2885             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2886                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2887                                                optarg, true);
2888                 if (!opts) {
2889                     exit(1);
2890                 }
2891                 break;
2892             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2893                 parse_display(optarg);
2894                 break;
2895             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2896                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2897                 nographic = true;
2898                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2899                 break;
2900             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
2901                 graphic_rotate = 90;
2902                 break;
2903             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
2904                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
2905                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
2906                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
2907                     error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
2908                     exit(1);
2909                 }
2910                 break;
2911             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2912                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2913                 break;
2914             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2915                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2916                 break;
2917             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2918                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2919                 break;
2920             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2921                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2922                 break;
2923             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2924                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2925                 break;
2926             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2927                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2928                 break;
2929             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2930             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2931                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2932                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2933                 break;
2934             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2935                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "fd-bootchk", "off");
2936                 break;
2937             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2938                 default_net = 0;
2939                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2940                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2941                 } else {
2942                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2943                 }
2944                 break;
2945             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2946                 default_net = 0;
2947                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2948                 break;
2949             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2950                 default_net = 0;
2951                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2952                 break;
2953 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2954             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2955                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2956                                                optarg, false);
2957                 if (!opts) {
2958                     exit(1);
2959                 }
2960                 break;
2961 #endif
2962             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2963                 default_audio = 0;
2964                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2965                 break;
2966             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2967                 bool help;
2968                 char *model = NULL;
2969                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2970                 Visitor *v;
2971                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2972                 default_audio = 0;
2973                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2974                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2975                     audio_help();
2976                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2977                 }
2978                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2979                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2980                 }
2981                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2982                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2983                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2984                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2985                         show_valid_soundhw();
2986                         exit(0);
2987                     }
2988                 }
2989                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2990                 qobject_unref(dict);
2991                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
2992                 visit_free(v);
2993                 if (model) {
2994                     audio_define(dev);
2995                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
2996                     g_free(model);
2997                 } else {
2998                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
2999                 }
3000                 break;
3001             }
3002             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
3003                 help(0);
3004                 break;
3005             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
3006                 version();
3007                 exit(0);
3008                 break;
3009             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
3010                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
3011                 if (opts == NULL) {
3012                     exit(1);
3013                 }
3014                 break;
3015 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
3016             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
3017                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
3018                     exit(1);
3019                 }
3020                 break;
3021 #endif
3022             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
3023                 mem_path = optarg;
3024                 break;
3025             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
3026                 mem_prealloc = 1;
3027                 break;
3028             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3029                 log_mask = optarg;
3030                 break;
3031             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3032                 log_file = optarg;
3033                 break;
3034             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3035                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3036                 break;
3037 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3038             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3039                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3040                 break;
3041             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3042                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3043                 break;
3044 #endif
3045             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3046                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3047                 break;
3048             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3049                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3050                 break;
3051             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3052                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3053                 break;
3054             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3055                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3056                     list_data_dirs = true;
3057                 } else {
3058                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3059                 }
3060                 break;
3061             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3062                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3063                 break;
3064             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3065                 autostart = 0;
3066                 break;
3067             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3068                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3069                 break;
3070             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3071                 vga_model = optarg;
3072                 default_vga = 0;
3073                 break;
3074             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3075                 {
3076                     const char *p;
3077                     int w, h, depth;
3078                     p = optarg;
3079                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3080                     if (w <= 0) {
3081                     graphic_error:
3082                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3083                         exit(1);
3084                     }
3085                     if (*p != 'x')
3086                         goto graphic_error;
3087                     p++;
3088                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3089                     if (h <= 0)
3090                         goto graphic_error;
3091                     if (*p == 'x') {
3092                         p++;
3093                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3094                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3095                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3096                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3097                             goto graphic_error;
3098                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3099                         depth = graphic_depth;
3100                     } else {
3101                         goto graphic_error;
3102                     }
3103 
3104                     graphic_width = w;
3105                     graphic_height = h;
3106                     graphic_depth = depth;
3107                 }
3108                 break;
3109             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3110                 {
3111                     char *r;
3112                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3113                     if (r == optarg)
3114                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3115                     break;
3116                 }
3117             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3118                 default_monitor = 0;
3119                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3120                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3121                 }
3122                 break;
3123             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3124                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3125                 default_monitor = 0;
3126                 break;
3127             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3128                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3129                 default_monitor = 0;
3130                 break;
3131             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3132                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3133                                                true);
3134                 if (!opts) {
3135                     exit(1);
3136                 }
3137                 default_monitor = 0;
3138                 break;
3139             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3140                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3141                                                optarg, true);
3142                 if (!opts) {
3143                     exit(1);
3144                 }
3145                 break;
3146             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3147                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3148                 if (!olist) {
3149                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3150                     exit(1);
3151                 }
3152                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3153                 if (!opts) {
3154                     exit(1);
3155                 }
3156                 break;
3157             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3158                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3159                 QemuOpts *device;
3160                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3161                            *multidevs;
3162 
3163                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3164                 if (!olist) {
3165                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3166                     exit(1);
3167                 }
3168                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3169                 if (!opts) {
3170                     exit(1);
3171                 }
3172 
3173                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3174                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3175                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3176                     exit(1);
3177                 }
3178                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3179                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3180                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3181                                          1, NULL);
3182                 if (!fsdev) {
3183                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3184                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3185                     exit(1);
3186                 }
3187 
3188                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3189                 if (writeout) {
3190 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3191                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3192 #else
3193                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3194                                  "on this platform");
3195                     exit(1);
3196 #endif
3197                 }
3198                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3199                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3200                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3201                 if (path) {
3202                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3203                 }
3204                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3205                 if (security_model) {
3206                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3207                                  &error_abort);
3208                 }
3209                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3210                 if (socket) {
3211                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3212                 }
3213                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3214                 if (sock_fd) {
3215                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3216                 }
3217 
3218                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3219                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3220                                   &error_abort);
3221                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3222                 if (multidevs) {
3223                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3224                 }
3225                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3226                                           &error_abort);
3227                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3228                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3229                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3230                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3231                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3232                 break;
3233             }
3234             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3235                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3236                 default_serial = 0;
3237                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3238                     default_monitor = 0;
3239                 }
3240                 break;
3241             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3242                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3243                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3244                      exit(1);
3245                 }
3246                 break;
3247             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3248                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3249                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3250                 break;
3251             }
3252             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3253                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3254                 default_parallel = 0;
3255                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3256                     default_monitor = 0;
3257                 }
3258                 break;
3259             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3260                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3261                 break;
3262             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3263                 loadvm = optarg;
3264                 break;
3265             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3266                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3267                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3268                 break;
3269             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3270                 pid_file = optarg;
3271                 break;
3272             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3273                 object_register_sugar_prop("ide-device", "win2k-install-hack", "true", true);
3274                 break;
3275             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3276                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3277                                                optarg, true);
3278                 if (!opts) {
3279                     exit(1);
3280                 }
3281                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3282                 break;
3283             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3284                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3285                                                optarg, false);
3286                 if (!opts) {
3287                     exit(1);
3288                 }
3289                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3290                 break;
3291             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3292                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3293                                                optarg, true);
3294                 if (opts == NULL) {
3295                     exit(1);
3296                 }
3297                 break;
3298             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3299                 preconfig_requested = true;
3300                 break;
3301             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3302                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3303                 break;
3304             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3305             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3306                 {
3307                     bool help;
3308 
3309                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3310                     if (help) {
3311                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3312                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3313                     }
3314                     break;
3315                 }
3316             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3317                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3318                                                      optarg, true);
3319                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3320                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3321                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3322                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3323                                                                     false);
3324                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3325                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3326                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3327                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3328                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3329                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3330                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3331                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3332                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3333                             g_strfreev(optname);
3334                         }
3335                         g_free(typename);
3336                     }
3337                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3338                     exit(0);
3339                 }
3340                 break;
3341             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3342                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3343                 break;
3344             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3345                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3346                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3347                 break;
3348             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3349                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3350                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3351                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3352                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3353                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3354                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3355                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3356                 } else {
3357                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3358                                                  optarg, true)) {
3359                         exit(1);
3360                     }
3361                 }
3362                 break;
3363             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3364                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3365                                            "smp", optarg);
3366                 break;
3367 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
3368             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3369                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3370                 display_remote++;
3371                 break;
3372 #endif
3373             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3374                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3375                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3376                 break;
3377             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3378                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3379                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3380                 break;
3381             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3382                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3383                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3384                     exit(1);
3385                 }
3386                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3387                 break;
3388             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3389                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3390                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3391                     exit(1);
3392                 }
3393                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3394                                                optarg, true);
3395                 if (!opts) {
3396                     exit(1);
3397                 }
3398                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3399                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3400                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3401                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3402                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3403                     exit(1);
3404                 }
3405                 nb_option_roms++;
3406                 break;
3407             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3408                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3409                 break;
3410             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3411                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3412                     exit(1);
3413                 }
3414                 break;
3415             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3416                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3417                                                optarg, true);
3418                 if (!opts) {
3419                     exit(1);
3420                 }
3421                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3422                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3423                 break;
3424             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3425                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3426                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3427                     exit(1);
3428                 }
3429                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3430                 nb_prom_envs++;
3431                 break;
3432             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3433                 old_param = 1;
3434                 break;
3435             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3436                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3437                                                false);
3438                 if (!opts) {
3439                     exit(1);
3440                 }
3441                 break;
3442             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3443                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3444                                                       optarg, true);
3445                 if (!icount_opts) {
3446                     exit(1);
3447                 }
3448                 break;
3449             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3450                 if (!incoming) {
3451                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3452                 }
3453                 incoming = optarg;
3454                 break;
3455             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3456                 only_migratable = 1;
3457                 break;
3458             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3459                 has_defaults = 0;
3460                 break;
3461             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3462                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3463                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3464                     exit(1);
3465                 }
3466                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3467                 break;
3468             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3469                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3470                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3471                     exit(1);
3472                 }
3473                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3474                 break;
3475             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3476                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3477                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3478                     exit(1);
3479                 }
3480                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3481                 break;
3482             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3483                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3484                 break;
3485             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3486                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3487                 break;
3488             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3489                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3490                 break;
3491 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3492             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3493                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("spice"), optarg, false);
3494                 if (!opts) {
3495                     exit(1);
3496                 }
3497                 display_remote++;
3498                 break;
3499 #endif
3500             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3501                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3502                 break;
3503             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3504                 qtest_log = optarg;
3505                 break;
3506             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3507                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3508                 if (!olist) {
3509 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3510                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3511                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3512 #endif
3513                     exit(1);
3514                 }
3515 
3516                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3517                 if (!opts) {
3518                     exit(1);
3519                 }
3520                 break;
3521             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3522 #ifndef _WIN32
3523                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3524                                                optarg, false);
3525                 if (!opts) {
3526                     exit(1);
3527                 }
3528 #else
3529                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3530                              "platform");
3531                 exit(1);
3532 #endif
3533                 break;
3534             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3535                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3536                 break;
3537             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3538                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3539                                                optarg, false);
3540                 if (!opts) {
3541                     exit(1);
3542                 }
3543                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", false);
3544                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", false);
3545                 break;
3546             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3547                 {
3548                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3549                     Visitor *v;
3550 
3551                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3552                                                       &error_fatal);
3553 
3554                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3555                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3556 
3557                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3558                     visit_free(v);
3559                     break;
3560                 }
3561             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3562                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3563                                                false);
3564                 if (!opts) {
3565                     exit(1);
3566                 }
3567                 configure_msg(opts);
3568                 break;
3569             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3570                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3571                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3572                                  "option may be given");
3573                     exit(1);
3574                 }
3575                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3576                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3577                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3578                     exit(1);
3579                 }
3580                 break;
3581             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3582                 qsp_enable();
3583                 break;
3584             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3585                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3586                 break;
3587 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3588             case QEMU_OPTION_runas:
3589                 if (!os_set_runas(optarg)) {
3590                     error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3591                                  " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3592                                  optarg);
3593                     exit(1);
3594                 }
3595                 break;
3596             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3597                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3598                 break;
3599             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3600                 const char *str;
3601                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3602                                                          optarg, false);
3603                 if (!opts) {
3604                     exit(1);
3605                 }
3606 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3607                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3608                     init_async_teardown();
3609                 }
3610 #endif
3611                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3612                 if (str) {
3613                     os_set_chroot(str);
3614                 }
3615                 break;
3616             }
3617 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3618 
3619             default:
3620                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3621                 exit(1);
3622             }
3623         }
3624     }
3625     /*
3626      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3627      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3628      */
3629     loc_set_none();
3630 
3631     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3632     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3633 
3634     /*
3635      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3636      * before daemonizing.
3637      */
3638     qemu_process_early_options();
3639 
3640     qemu_process_help_options();
3641     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3642 
3643     /*
3644      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3645      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3646      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3647      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3648      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3649      * process will be left in the host.
3650      */
3651     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3652         exit(1);
3653     }
3654     trace_init_file();
3655 
3656     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3657     cpu_timers_init();
3658 
3659     user_register_global_props();
3660     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3661 
3662     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3663 
3664     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3665     parse_memory_options();
3666 
3667     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3668 
3669     suspend_mux_open();
3670 
3671     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3672     qemu_setup_display();
3673     qemu_create_default_devices();
3674     qemu_create_early_backends();
3675 
3676     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3677     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3678     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3679     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3680 
3681     /*
3682      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3683      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3684      */
3685     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3686     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3687 
3688     /*
3689      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3690      * compat properties.
3691      *
3692      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3693      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3694      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3695      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3696      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3697      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3698      *
3699      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3700      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3701      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3702      */
3703 
3704     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3705     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3706         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3707                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3708     }
3709 
3710     /*
3711      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3712      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3713      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3714      */
3715     qemu_create_late_backends();
3716     phase_advance(PHASE_LATE_BACKENDS_CREATED);
3717 
3718     /*
3719      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3720      * compat properties have been set up.
3721      */
3722     migration_object_init();
3723 
3724     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3725     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class_default_cpu_type(machine_class);
3726     if (cpu_option) {
3727         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3728     }
3729     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3730 
3731     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3732     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3733 
3734     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3735         /* dump and exit */
3736         module_load_qom_all();
3737         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3738         exit(0);
3739     }
3740 
3741     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3742         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3743     }
3744     qemu_init_displays();
3745     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3746     os_setup_post();
3747     resume_mux_open();
3748 }
3749