xref: /openbmc/qemu/system/vl.c (revision 259ebed4)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
43 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
44 #include "sysemu/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
46 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
47 #include "sysemu/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
68 #include "sysemu/numa.h"
69 #include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "qemu/timer.h"
72 #include "chardev/char.h"
73 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
74 #include "qemu/log.h"
75 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
76 #include "hw/block/block.h"
77 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
79 #include "migration/misc.h"
80 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
81 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
82 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
83 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
84 #include "audio/audio.h"
85 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
86 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
87 #include "migration/colo.h"
88 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
89 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
90 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
91 #include "qemu/option.h"
92 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
93 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
94 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
95 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
96 #endif
97 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
98 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
99 #include "accel/tcg/perf.h"
100 #endif
101 
102 #include "disas/disas.h"
103 
104 #include "trace.h"
105 #include "trace/control.h"
106 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
107 #include "qemu/queue.h"
108 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
109 #include "exec/confidential-guest-support.h"
110 
111 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
112 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
113 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
115 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
116 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
117 #include "crypto/init.h"
118 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
119 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
131 #include "block/qdict.h"
132 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
133 #include "sysemu/iothread.h"
134 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
135 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
136 
137 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
138 
139 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
140     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
141     Location loc;
142     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
143 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
144 
145 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
146 
147 typedef struct ObjectOption {
148     ObjectOptions *opts;
149     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
150 } ObjectOption;
151 
152 typedef struct DeviceOption {
153     QDict *opts;
154     Location loc;
155     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
156 } DeviceOption;
157 
158 static const char *cpu_option;
159 static const char *mem_path;
160 static const char *incoming;
161 static const char *loadvm;
162 static const char *accelerators;
163 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
164 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
165 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
166 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
168 static int display_remote;
169 static int snapshot;
170 static bool preconfig_requested;
171 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
172 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
173 static bool nographic = false;
174 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
175 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
176 static DisplayOptions dpy;
177 static int num_serial_hds;
178 static Chardev **serial_hds;
179 static const char *log_mask;
180 static const char *log_file;
181 static bool list_data_dirs;
182 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
183 static const char *qtest_log;
184 static bool opt_one_insn_per_tb;
185 
186 static int has_defaults = 1;
187 static int default_audio = 1;
188 static int default_serial = 1;
189 static int default_parallel = 1;
190 static int default_monitor = 1;
191 static int default_floppy = 1;
192 static int default_cdrom = 1;
193 static int default_sdcard = 1;
194 static int default_vga = 1;
195 static int default_net = 1;
196 
197 static struct {
198     const char *driver;
199     int *flag;
200 } default_list[] = {
201     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
203     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
204     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
206     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
210     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
220 };
221 
222 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
223     .name = "rtc",
224     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
225     .merge_lists = true,
226     .desc = {
227         {
228             .name = "base",
229             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
230         },{
231             .name = "clock",
232             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
233         },{
234             .name = "driftfix",
235             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
236         },
237         { /* end of list */ }
238     },
239 };
240 
241 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
242     .name = "option-rom",
243     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
244     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
245     .desc = {
246         {
247             .name = "bootindex",
248             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
249         }, {
250             .name = "romfile",
251             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
252         },
253         { /* end of list */ }
254     },
255 };
256 
257 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
258     .name = "accel",
259     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
260     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
261     .desc = {
262         /*
263          * no elements => accept any
264          * sanity checking will happen later
265          * when setting accelerator properties
266          */
267         { }
268     },
269 };
270 
271 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
272     .name = "boot-opts",
273     .implied_opt_name = "order",
274     .merge_lists = true,
275     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
276     .desc = {
277         {
278             .name = "order",
279             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
280         }, {
281             .name = "once",
282             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
283         }, {
284             .name = "menu",
285             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
286         }, {
287             .name = "splash",
288             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
289         }, {
290             .name = "splash-time",
291             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
292         }, {
293             .name = "reboot-timeout",
294             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
295         }, {
296             .name = "strict",
297             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
298         },
299         { /*End of list */ }
300     },
301 };
302 
303 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
304     .name = "add-fd",
305     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
306     .desc = {
307         {
308             .name = "fd",
309             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
310             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
311         },{
312             .name = "set",
313             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
314             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
315         },{
316             .name = "opaque",
317             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
318             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
319         },
320         { /* end of list */ }
321     },
322 };
323 
324 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
325     .name = "object",
326     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
327     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
328     .desc = {
329         { }
330     },
331 };
332 
333 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
334     .name = "tpmdev",
335     .implied_opt_name = "type",
336     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
337     .desc = {
338         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
339         { /* end of list */ }
340     },
341 };
342 
343 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
344     .name = "overcommit",
345     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
346     .desc = {
347         {
348             .name = "mem-lock",
349             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
350         },
351         {
352             .name = "cpu-pm",
353             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
354         },
355         { /* end of list */ }
356     },
357 };
358 
359 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
360     .name = "msg",
361     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
362     .desc = {
363         {
364             .name = "timestamp",
365             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
366         },
367         {
368             .name = "guest-name",
369             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
370             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
371                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
372         },
373         { /* end of list */ }
374     },
375 };
376 
377 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
378     .name = "name",
379     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
380     .merge_lists = true,
381     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
382     .desc = {
383         {
384             .name = "guest",
385             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
386             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
387                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
388                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
389         }, {
390             .name = "process",
391             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
392             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
393         }, {
394             .name = "debug-threads",
395             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
396             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
397                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
398                     "stable API.",
399         },
400         { /* End of list */ }
401     },
402 };
403 
404 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
405     .name = "memory",
406     .implied_opt_name = "size",
407     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
408     .merge_lists = true,
409     .desc = {
410         {
411             .name = "size",
412             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
413         },
414         {
415             .name = "slots",
416             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
417         },
418         {
419             .name = "maxmem",
420             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
421         },
422         { /* end of list */ }
423     },
424 };
425 
426 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
427     .name = "icount",
428     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
429     .merge_lists = true,
430     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
431     .desc = {
432         {
433             .name = "shift",
434             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
435         }, {
436             .name = "align",
437             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
438         }, {
439             .name = "sleep",
440             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
441         }, {
442             .name = "rr",
443             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
444         }, {
445             .name = "rrfile",
446             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
447         }, {
448             .name = "rrsnapshot",
449             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
450         },
451         { /* end of list */ }
452     },
453 };
454 
455 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
456     .name = "fw_cfg",
457     .implied_opt_name = "name",
458     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
459     .desc = {
460         {
461             .name = "name",
462             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
463             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
464         }, {
465             .name = "file",
466             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
467             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
468                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
469         }, {
470             .name = "string",
471             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
472             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
473         }, {
474             .name = "gen_id",
475             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
476             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
477                     "to be inserted",
478         },
479         { /* end of list */ }
480     },
481 };
482 
483 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
484     .name = "action",
485     .merge_lists = true,
486     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
487     .desc = {
488         {
489             .name = "shutdown",
490             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
491         },{
492             .name = "reboot",
493             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
494         },{
495             .name = "panic",
496             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
497         },{
498             .name = "watchdog",
499             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
500         },
501         { /* end of list */ }
502     },
503 };
504 
505 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
506 {
507     return qemu_name;
508 }
509 
510 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
511 {
512     int i;
513 
514     if (!driver) {
515         return;
516     }
517 
518     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
519         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
520             continue;
521         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
522     }
523 }
524 
525 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
526 {
527     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
528 
529     default_driver_disable(driver);
530     return 0;
531 }
532 
533 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
534 {
535     DeviceOption *opt;
536 
537     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
538         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
539         default_driver_disable(driver);
540     }
541 }
542 
543 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
544 {
545     const char *proc_name;
546 
547     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
548         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
549     }
550     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
551 
552     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
553     if (proc_name) {
554         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
555     }
556 
557     return 0;
558 }
559 
560 bool defaults_enabled(void)
561 {
562     return has_defaults;
563 }
564 
565 #ifndef _WIN32
566 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
567 {
568     int fd, dupfd, flags;
569     int64_t fdset_id;
570     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
571     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
572 
573     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
574     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
575     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
576 
577     if (fd < 0) {
578         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
579         return -1;
580     }
581 
582     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
583         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
584         return -1;
585     }
586 
587     /*
588      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
589      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
590      */
591     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
592     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
593         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
594         return -1;
595     }
596 
597     if (fdset_id < 0) {
598         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
599         return -1;
600     }
601 
602 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
603     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
604 #else
605     dupfd = dup(fd);
606     if (dupfd != -1) {
607         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
608     }
609 #endif
610     if (dupfd == -1) {
611         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
612         return -1;
613     }
614 
615     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
616     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
617                                   &error_abort);
618     g_free(fdinfo);
619 
620     return 0;
621 }
622 
623 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
624 {
625     int fd;
626 
627     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
628     close(fd);
629 
630     return 0;
631 }
632 #endif
633 
634 /***********************************************************/
635 /* QEMU Block devices */
636 
637 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
638 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
639 #define FD_OPTS ""
640 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
641 #define MTD_OPTS ""
642 #define SD_OPTS ""
643 
644 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
645 {
646     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
647 
648     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
649 }
650 
651 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
652 {
653     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
654         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
655     }
656     return 0;
657 }
658 
659 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
660                           int index, const char *optstr)
661 {
662     QemuOpts *opts;
663     DriveInfo *dinfo;
664 
665     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
666         return;
667     }
668 
669     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
670     if (snapshot) {
671         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
672     }
673 
674     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
675     dinfo->is_default = true;
676 
677 }
678 
679 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
680                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
681 {
682     /*
683      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
684      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
685      * now.
686      */
687     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
688         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
689                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
690     }
691 
692     /* open the virtual block devices */
693     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
694         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
695 
696         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
697         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
698         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
699         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
700         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
701         g_free(bdo);
702     }
703     if (snapshot) {
704         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
705                           NULL, NULL);
706     }
707     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
708                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
709         /* We printed help */
710         exit(0);
711     }
712 
713     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
714                   CDROM_OPTS);
715     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
717 
718 }
719 
720 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
721     .name = "smp-opts",
722     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
723     .merge_lists = true,
724     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
725     .desc = {
726         {
727             .name = "cpus",
728             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
729         }, {
730             .name = "drawers",
731             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
732         }, {
733             .name = "books",
734             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
735         }, {
736             .name = "sockets",
737             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
738         }, {
739             .name = "dies",
740             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
741         }, {
742             .name = "clusters",
743             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
744         }, {
745             .name = "cores",
746             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
747         }, {
748             .name = "threads",
749             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
750         }, {
751             .name = "maxcpus",
752             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
753         },
754         { /*End of list */ }
755     },
756 };
757 
758 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
759 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
760     .name = "run-with",
761     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
762     .desc = {
763 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
764         {
765             .name = "async-teardown",
766             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
767         },
768 #endif
769         {
770             .name = "chroot",
771             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
772         },
773         { /* end of list */ }
774     },
775 };
776 
777 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
778 
779 #else
780 
781 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
782 
783 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
784 
785 static void realtime_init(void)
786 {
787     if (enable_mlock) {
788         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
789             error_report("locking memory failed");
790             exit(1);
791         }
792     }
793 }
794 
795 
796 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
797 {
798     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
799     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
800 }
801 
802 
803 /***********************************************************/
804 /* USB devices */
805 
806 static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
807 {
808     USBDevice *dev = NULL;
809 
810     if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
811         return -1;
812     }
813 
814     dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
815     if (!dev)
816         return -1;
817 
818     return 0;
819 }
820 
821 static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
822 {
823     int r;
824     r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
825     if (r < 0) {
826         error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
827     }
828     return r;
829 }
830 
831 /***********************************************************/
832 /* machine registration */
833 
834 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
835 {
836     GSList *el;
837 
838     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
839         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
840 
841         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
842             return mc;
843         }
844     }
845 
846     return NULL;
847 }
848 
849 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
850 {
851     GSList *el;
852     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
853 
854     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
855         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
856 
857         if (mc->is_default) {
858             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
859             default_machineclass = mc;
860         }
861     }
862 
863     return default_machineclass;
864 }
865 
866 static void version(void)
867 {
868     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
869            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
870 }
871 
872 static void help(int exitcode)
873 {
874     version();
875     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
876            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
877             g_get_prgname());
878 
879 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
880     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
881         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
882 
883 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
884     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
885         puts(stringify(text));
886 
887 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
888 
889 #include "qemu-options.def"
890 
891     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
892            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
893            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
894            "ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
895            "\n"
896            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
897            "\n"
898            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
899 
900     exit(exitcode);
901 }
902 
903 enum {
904 
905 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
906     opt_enum,
907 #define DEFHEADING(text)
908 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
909 
910 #include "qemu-options.def"
911 };
912 
913 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
914 
915 typedef struct QEMUOption {
916     const char *name;
917     int flags;
918     int index;
919     uint32_t arch_mask;
920 } QEMUOption;
921 
922 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
923     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
924 
925 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
926     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
927 #define DEFHEADING(text)
928 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
929 
930 #include "qemu-options.def"
931     { /* end of list */ }
932 };
933 
934 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
935     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
936     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
937     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
938      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
939     const char *class_names[2];
940 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
941 
942 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
943     [VGA_NONE] = {
944         .opt_name = "none",
945         .name = "no graphic card",
946     },
947     [VGA_STD] = {
948         .opt_name = "std",
949         .name = "standard VGA",
950         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
951     },
952     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
953         .opt_name = "cirrus",
954         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
955         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
956     },
957     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
958         .opt_name = "vmware",
959         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
960         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
961     },
962     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
963         .opt_name = "virtio",
964         .name = "Virtio VGA",
965         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
966     },
967     [VGA_QXL] = {
968         .opt_name = "qxl",
969         .name = "QXL VGA",
970         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
971     },
972     [VGA_TCX] = {
973         .opt_name = "tcx",
974         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
975         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
976     },
977     [VGA_CG3] = {
978         .opt_name = "cg3",
979         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
980         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
981     },
982 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
983     [VGA_XENFB] = {
984         .opt_name = "xenfb",
985         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
986     },
987 #endif
988 };
989 
990 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
991 {
992     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
993 
994     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
995     return !ti->class_names[0] ||
996            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
997            module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
998 }
999 
1000 static const char *
1001 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
1002 {
1003     if (machine_class->default_display) {
1004         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1005             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1006 
1007             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1008                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1009                 return machine_class->default_display;
1010             }
1011         }
1012 
1013         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1014                          machine_class->default_display);
1015         return NULL;
1016     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1017         return "cirrus";
1018     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1019         return "std";
1020     }
1021 
1022     return NULL;
1023 }
1024 
1025 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1026 {
1027     const char *opts;
1028     int t;
1029 
1030     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1031         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1032 
1033         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1034             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1035 
1036             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1037                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1038                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1039                         " (default)" : "");
1040             }
1041         }
1042         exit(0);
1043     }
1044 
1045     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1046     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1047         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1048         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1049             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1050                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1051                 exit(1);
1052             }
1053             vga_interface_type = t;
1054             break;
1055         }
1056     }
1057     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1058     invalid_vga:
1059         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1060         exit(1);
1061     }
1062     while (*opts) {
1063         const char *nextopt;
1064 
1065         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1066             opts = nextopt;
1067             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1068                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1069             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1070                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1071             else goto invalid_vga;
1072         } else goto invalid_vga;
1073         opts = nextopt;
1074     }
1075 }
1076 
1077 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1078 {
1079     DisplayOptions *opts;
1080     Visitor *v;
1081 
1082     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1083 
1084     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1085     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1086 
1087     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1088     visit_free(v);
1089 }
1090 
1091 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1092 {
1093     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1094 }
1095 
1096 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1097 {
1098     const char *opts;
1099 
1100     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1101         qemu_display_help();
1102         exit(0);
1103     }
1104 
1105     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1106         /*
1107          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1108          * display access.
1109          */
1110         if (*opts == '=') {
1111             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1112         } else {
1113             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1114             exit(1);
1115         }
1116     } else {
1117         parse_display_qapi(p);
1118     }
1119 }
1120 
1121 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1122 {
1123     return str && *str;
1124 }
1125 
1126 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1127 {
1128     gchar *buf;
1129     size_t size;
1130     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1131     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1132 
1133     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1134         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1135         return -1;
1136     }
1137     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1138     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1139     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1140     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1141 
1142     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1143     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1144         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1145         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1146                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1147         return -1;
1148     }
1149     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1150         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1151                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1152         return -1;
1153     }
1154     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1155         /*
1156          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1157          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1158          * so do not emit a warning.
1159          */
1160     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1161         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1162                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1163     }
1164     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1165         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1166         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1167     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1168         if (!fw_cfg_add_from_generator(fw_cfg, name, gen_id, errp)) {
1169             return -1;
1170         }
1171         return 0;
1172     } else {
1173         GError *err = NULL;
1174         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1175             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1176             g_error_free(err);
1177             return -1;
1178         }
1179     }
1180     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1181     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1182     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1183     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1184     return 0;
1185 }
1186 
1187 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1188 {
1189     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1190 }
1191 
1192 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1193 {
1194     DeviceState *dev;
1195 
1196     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1197     if (!dev && *errp) {
1198         error_report_err(*errp);
1199         return -1;
1200     } else if (dev) {
1201         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1202     }
1203     return 0;
1204 }
1205 
1206 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1207 {
1208     Error *local_err = NULL;
1209 
1210     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1211         if (local_err) {
1212             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1213             return -1;
1214         }
1215         exit(0);
1216     }
1217     return 0;
1218 }
1219 
1220 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1221 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1222 {
1223     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1224 }
1225 #endif
1226 
1227 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1228 {
1229     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1230 }
1231 
1232 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1233 {
1234     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1235     QemuOpts *opts;
1236     const char *p;
1237     char label[32];
1238 
1239     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1240         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1241     } else {
1242         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1243                  monitor_device_index);
1244         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1245         if (!opts) {
1246             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1247             exit(1);
1248         }
1249     }
1250 
1251     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1252     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1253     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1254     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1255         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1256     } else {
1257         assert(pretty == false);
1258     }
1259     monitor_device_index++;
1260 }
1261 
1262 struct device_config {
1263     enum {
1264         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1265         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1266         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1267         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1268         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1269         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1270     } type;
1271     const char *cmdline;
1272     Location loc;
1273     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1274 };
1275 
1276 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1277     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1278 
1279 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1280 {
1281     struct device_config *conf;
1282 
1283     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1284     conf->type = type;
1285     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1286     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1287     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1288 }
1289 
1290 static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
1291 {
1292     struct device_config *conf;
1293     int rc;
1294 
1295     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1296         if (conf->type != type)
1297             continue;
1298         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1299         rc = func(conf->cmdline);
1300         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1301         if (rc) {
1302             return rc;
1303         }
1304     }
1305     return 0;
1306 }
1307 
1308 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1309 {
1310     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1311 
1312     default_driver_check_json();
1313     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1314                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1315     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1316                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1317 
1318     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1319         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1320         vga_interface_created = true;
1321     }
1322     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1323         default_serial = 0;
1324     }
1325     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1326         default_parallel = 0;
1327     }
1328     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1329         default_floppy = 0;
1330     }
1331     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1332         default_cdrom = 0;
1333     }
1334     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1335         default_sdcard = 0;
1336     }
1337     if (!has_defaults) {
1338         default_audio = 0;
1339         default_monitor = 0;
1340         default_net = 0;
1341         default_vga = 0;
1342     } else {
1343         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1344             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1345             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1346                         machine_class->default_nic);
1347             default_net = 0;
1348         }
1349     }
1350 }
1351 
1352 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1353 {
1354     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1355 
1356     if (is_daemonized()) {
1357         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1358          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1359          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1360          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1361          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1362          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1363          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1364          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1365          */
1366         if (nographic
1367             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1368             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1369             exit(1);
1370         }
1371     }
1372 
1373     if (nographic) {
1374         if (default_parallel)
1375             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1376         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1377             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1378         } else {
1379             if (default_serial)
1380                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1381             if (default_monitor)
1382                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1383         }
1384     } else {
1385         if (default_serial)
1386             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "vc:80Cx24C");
1387         if (default_parallel)
1388             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "vc:80Cx24C");
1389         if (default_monitor)
1390             monitor_parse("vc:80Cx24C", "readline", false);
1391     }
1392 
1393     if (default_net) {
1394         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1395         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1396 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1397         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1398 #endif
1399     }
1400 
1401 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1402     if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&(qemu_find_opts("vnc")->head))) {
1403         display_remote++;
1404     }
1405 #endif
1406     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1407         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1408             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1409 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1410             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1411 #endif
1412         }
1413     }
1414     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1415         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1416     }
1417 
1418     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1419     if (default_vga) {
1420         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1421     }
1422     if (vga_model) {
1423         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1424     }
1425 }
1426 
1427 static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
1428 {
1429     int index = num_serial_hds;
1430     char label[32];
1431 
1432     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1433         return 0;
1434     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1435     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1436 
1437     serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1438     if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1439         error_report("could not connect serial device"
1440                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1441         return -1;
1442     }
1443     num_serial_hds++;
1444     return 0;
1445 }
1446 
1447 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1448 {
1449     assert(i >= 0);
1450     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1451         return serial_hds[i];
1452     }
1453     return NULL;
1454 }
1455 
1456 static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
1457 {
1458     static int index = 0;
1459     char label[32];
1460 
1461     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1462         return 0;
1463     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1464         error_report("too many parallel ports");
1465         exit(1);
1466     }
1467     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1468     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1469     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1470         error_report("could not connect parallel device"
1471                      " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1472         return -1;
1473     }
1474     index++;
1475     return 0;
1476 }
1477 
1478 static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
1479 {
1480     QemuOpts *opts;
1481 
1482     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1483         error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1484         exit(1);
1485     }
1486     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1487     if (!opts) {
1488         error_report("already have a debugcon device");
1489         exit(1);
1490     }
1491     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1492     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1493     return 0;
1494 }
1495 
1496 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1497 {
1498     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1499     int res;
1500 
1501     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1502         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1503             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1504              * in increasing order.
1505              */
1506             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1507                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1508         }
1509 
1510         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1511         return 1;
1512     }
1513 
1514     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1515         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1516         return -1;
1517     }
1518 
1519     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1520     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1521     if (res != 0) {
1522         return res;
1523     }
1524 
1525     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1526     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1527                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1528 }
1529 
1530 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1531 {
1532     GSList *machines, *el;
1533     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1534 
1535     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1536     if (type) {
1537         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1538         if (machine_class) {
1539             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1540             return;
1541         }
1542     }
1543 
1544     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1545     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1546     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1547         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1548         if (mc->alias) {
1549             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1550         }
1551         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1552                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1553                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1554     }
1555 }
1556 
1557 static void
1558 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1559 {
1560     QDict *opts;
1561 
1562     opts = qdict_new();
1563     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1564     qobject_ref(prop);
1565     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1566     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1567     qobject_unref(opts);
1568 }
1569 
1570 static void
1571 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1572                            const char *arg)
1573 {
1574     QDict *prop = NULL;
1575     bool help = false;
1576 
1577     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1578     if (help) {
1579         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1580         exit(0);
1581     }
1582     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1583     qobject_unref(prop);
1584 }
1585 
1586 static const char *pid_file;
1587 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1588     Notifier notifier;
1589     char *pid_file_realpath;
1590 };
1591 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1592 
1593 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1594 {
1595     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1596 
1597     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1598     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1599 }
1600 
1601 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1602                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1603 {
1604     const QEMUOption *popt;
1605     int optind = *poptind;
1606     char *r = argv[optind];
1607     const char *optarg;
1608 
1609     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1610     optind++;
1611     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1612     if (r[1] == '-')
1613         r++;
1614     popt = qemu_options;
1615     for(;;) {
1616         if (!popt->name) {
1617             error_report("invalid option");
1618             exit(1);
1619         }
1620         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1621             break;
1622         popt++;
1623     }
1624     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1625         if (optind >= argc) {
1626             error_report("requires an argument");
1627             exit(1);
1628         }
1629         optarg = argv[optind++];
1630         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1631     } else {
1632         optarg = NULL;
1633     }
1634 
1635     *poptarg = optarg;
1636     *poptind = optind;
1637 
1638     return popt;
1639 }
1640 
1641 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1642 {
1643     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1644     GSList *machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1645     MachineClass *machine_class;
1646     Error *local_err = NULL;
1647 
1648     if (machine_type) {
1649         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1650         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1651         if (!machine_class) {
1652             error_setg(&local_err, "unsupported machine type");
1653         }
1654     } else {
1655         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1656         if (!machine_class) {
1657             error_setg(&local_err, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1658         }
1659     }
1660 
1661     g_slist_free(machines);
1662     if (local_err) {
1663         error_append_hint(&local_err, "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1664         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1665     }
1666     return machine_class;
1667 }
1668 
1669 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1670                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1671                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1672 {
1673     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1674         return 0;
1675     }
1676 
1677     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1678         return -1;
1679     }
1680 
1681     return 0;
1682 }
1683 
1684 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1685 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1686 {
1687     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1688     char *p;
1689 
1690     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1691         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1692 
1693         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1694         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1695             continue;
1696         }
1697         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1698         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1699             if (*p == '_') {
1700                 *p = '-';
1701             }
1702         }
1703         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1704             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1705             return;
1706         }
1707         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1708         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1709         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1710     }
1711 }
1712 
1713 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1714 {
1715     const char *value;
1716     QObject *prop;
1717 
1718     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1719 
1720     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1721     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1722     if (value) {
1723         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1724         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1725     }
1726 
1727     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1728     if (value) {
1729         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1730                                    false);
1731         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1732     }
1733 
1734     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1735     if (value) {
1736         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1737                                    false);
1738         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1739     }
1740 
1741     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1742     if (value) {
1743         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1744                                    false);
1745         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1746                                    false);
1747         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1748     }
1749 
1750     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1751     if (value) {
1752         if (mem_path) {
1753             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1754                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1755             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1756         }
1757 
1758         /* Resolved later.  */
1759         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1760         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1761     }
1762 
1763     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1764     if (prop) {
1765         have_custom_ram_size =
1766             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1767             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1768     }
1769 }
1770 
1771 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1772 {
1773     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1774 
1775     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1776         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1777         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1778             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1779             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1780             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1781             g_free(opt);
1782         }
1783     }
1784 }
1785 
1786 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1787 {
1788     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1789     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1790     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1791 }
1792 
1793 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1794 {
1795     QemuOpts *opts;
1796     const char *type;
1797     Visitor *v;
1798 
1799     if (str[0] == '{') {
1800         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1801 
1802         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1803         qobject_unref(obj);
1804     } else {
1805         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1806                                        str, true);
1807         if (!opts) {
1808             exit(1);
1809         }
1810 
1811         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1812         if (!type) {
1813             error_setg(&error_fatal, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1814         }
1815         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1816             exit(0);
1817         }
1818 
1819         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1820     }
1821 
1822     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1823     visit_free(v);
1824 }
1825 
1826 /*
1827  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1828  */
1829 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1830 {
1831     /*
1832      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1833      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1834      */
1835 
1836     /*
1837      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1838      * affinity of threads.
1839      */
1840     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1841         return true;
1842     }
1843 
1844     return false;
1845 }
1846 
1847 /*
1848  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1849  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1850  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1851  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1852  * already existing.
1853  */
1854 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1855 {
1856     /*
1857      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1858      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1859      */
1860 
1861     /* Reason: already created. */
1862     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1863         return false;
1864     }
1865 
1866     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1867     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1868         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1869         return false;
1870     }
1871 
1872 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1873     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1874     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1875         return false;
1876     }
1877 #endif
1878 
1879     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1880     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1881         return false;
1882     }
1883     /*
1884      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1885      */
1886     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1887         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1888         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1889         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1890         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1891         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1892         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1893         return false;
1894     }
1895 
1896     /*
1897      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1898      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1899      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1900      * (e.g. libvirt).
1901      */
1902     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1903         return false;
1904     }
1905 
1906     return true;
1907 }
1908 
1909 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1910 {
1911     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1912 
1913     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1914         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1915         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1916     }
1917 
1918     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1919         replay_add_blocker("smp");
1920     }
1921 }
1922 
1923 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1924 {
1925     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1926 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1927     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1928 #else
1929     const bool use_sdl = false;
1930 #endif
1931 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1932     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1933 #else
1934     const bool use_gtk = false;
1935 #endif
1936 
1937     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1938         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1939                      "ignoring option");
1940     }
1941 
1942     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1943     qemu_console_early_init();
1944 
1945     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1946 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1947         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
1948 #else
1949         error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
1950 #endif
1951         exit(1);
1952     }
1953 
1954     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1955 
1956     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1957     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1958     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1959     qemu_spice.init();
1960 
1961     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1962                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1963 
1964 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1965     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1966                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1967 #endif
1968 
1969     /*
1970      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
1971      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
1972      */
1973     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
1974     audio_init_audiodevs();
1975     if (default_audio) {
1976         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
1977     }
1978 }
1979 
1980 
1981 /*
1982  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
1983  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
1984  */
1985 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
1986 {
1987     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
1988 }
1989 
1990 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
1991 {
1992     if (qtest_chrdev) {
1993         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
1994     }
1995 
1996     net_init_clients();
1997 
1998     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
1999 
2000     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
2001         exit(1);
2002     }
2003 
2004     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
2005                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2006 
2007     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
2008         exit(1);
2009     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
2010         exit(1);
2011     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
2012         exit(1);
2013 
2014     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2015     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2016 }
2017 
2018 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2019 {
2020     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2021         Object *backend;
2022         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2023 
2024         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2025                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2026         if (!backend) {
2027             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2028             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2029         }
2030         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2031             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2032             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2033         }
2034         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2035                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2036     }
2037 }
2038 
2039 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2040 {
2041     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2042     QDict *dict, *prop;
2043     const char *mem_str;
2044     Location loc;
2045 
2046     loc_push_none(&loc);
2047     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2048 
2049     prop = qdict_new();
2050 
2051     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2052         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2053         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2054         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2055             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2056             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2057         } else {
2058             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2059         }
2060     }
2061 
2062     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2063         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2064     }
2065     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2066         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2067     }
2068 
2069     dict = qdict_new();
2070     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2071     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2072     qobject_unref(dict);
2073     loc_pop(&loc);
2074 }
2075 
2076 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2077 {
2078     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2079     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2080 
2081     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2082     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2083                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2084     object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
2085                                             "/unattached"),
2086                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2087 
2088     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2089         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2090             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2091              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2092              */
2093             g_assert_not_reached();
2094         }
2095     }
2096 
2097     cpu_exec_init_all();
2098     page_size_init();
2099 
2100     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2101         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2102     }
2103 
2104     /*
2105      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2106      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2107      */
2108     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2109         QDict *default_opts =
2110             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2111                          &error_abort);
2112         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2113         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2114                                           false, &error_abort);
2115         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2116     }
2117 }
2118 
2119 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2120 {
2121     GlobalProperty *g;
2122 
2123     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2124     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2125     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2126     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2127     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2128     return 0;
2129 }
2130 
2131 /*
2132  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2133  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2134  */
2135 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2136 {
2137     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2138         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2139         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2140         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2141         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2142         return false;
2143     }
2144     return true;
2145 }
2146 
2147 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2148                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2149 {
2150     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2151         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2152         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2153         visit_free(v);
2154 
2155     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2156         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2157         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2158         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2159             audio_define(dev);
2160         }
2161         visit_free(v);
2162 
2163     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2164         /*
2165          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2166          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2167          */
2168         assert(!from_json);
2169         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2170     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2171         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2172     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2173         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2174     } else {
2175         abort();
2176     }
2177 }
2178 
2179 /*
2180  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2181  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2182  */
2183 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2184                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2185 {
2186     QObject *crumpled;
2187     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2188         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2189         return;
2190     }
2191 
2192     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2193     if (!crumpled) {
2194         return;
2195     }
2196     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2197     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2198         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2199         break;
2200     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2201         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2202         break;
2203     default:
2204         g_assert_not_reached();
2205     }
2206     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2207 }
2208 
2209 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2210 {
2211     ERRP_GUARD();
2212     int ret;
2213     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2214 
2215     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2216     if (ret < 0) {
2217         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2218             error_free(*errp);
2219             *errp = NULL;
2220         }
2221     }
2222 }
2223 
2224 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2225 {
2226     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2227     QemuOptsList *list;
2228     QemuOpts *opts;
2229     int rc, offset;
2230 
2231     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2232     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2233         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2234         return;
2235     }
2236 
2237     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2238         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2239     } else {
2240         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2241         if (list) {
2242             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2243             if (!opts) {
2244                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2245                 return;
2246             }
2247             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2248         }
2249     }
2250 }
2251 
2252 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2253 {
2254     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2255                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2256 }
2257 
2258 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2259 {
2260     icount_configure(opts, errp);
2261     return 0;
2262 }
2263 
2264 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2265                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2266                                 Error **errp)
2267 {
2268     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2269 }
2270 
2271 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2272 {
2273     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2274     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2275     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2276     AccelState *accel;
2277     int ret;
2278     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2279 
2280     if (!acc) {
2281         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2282         goto bad;
2283     }
2284 
2285     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2286 
2287     if (!ac) {
2288         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2289             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2290         }
2291         goto bad;
2292     }
2293     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2294     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2295     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2296                      accel,
2297                      &error_fatal);
2298     /*
2299      * If legacy -singlestep option is set, honour it for TCG and
2300      * silently ignore for any other accelerator (which is how this
2301      * option has always behaved).
2302      */
2303     if (opt_one_insn_per_tb) {
2304         /*
2305          * This will always succeed for TCG, and we want to ignore
2306          * the error from trying to set a nonexistent property
2307          * on any other accelerator.
2308          */
2309         object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(accel), "one-insn-per-tb", true, NULL);
2310     }
2311     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2312     if (ret < 0) {
2313         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2314             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2315         }
2316         goto bad;
2317     }
2318 
2319     return 1;
2320 
2321 bad:
2322     *p_init_failed = true;
2323     return 0;
2324 }
2325 
2326 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2327 {
2328     bool init_failed = false;
2329 
2330     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2331                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2332 
2333     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2334         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2335 
2336         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2337             /* Select the default accelerator */
2338             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2339             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2340 
2341             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2342                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2343                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2344                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2345                 } else {
2346                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2347                 }
2348             } else if (have_kvm) {
2349                 accelerators = "kvm";
2350             } else if (have_tcg) {
2351                 accelerators = "tcg";
2352             } else {
2353                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2354                              " no default accelerator available");
2355                 exit(1);
2356             }
2357         }
2358         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2359 
2360         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2361             /*
2362              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2363              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2364              */
2365             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2366                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2367             } else {
2368                 init_failed = true;
2369                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2370             }
2371         }
2372         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2373     } else {
2374         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2375             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2376             exit(1);
2377         }
2378     }
2379 
2380     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2381                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2382         if (!init_failed) {
2383             error_report("no accelerator found");
2384         }
2385         exit(1);
2386     }
2387 
2388     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2389         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2390     }
2391 
2392     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2393         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2394         exit(1);
2395     }
2396 }
2397 
2398 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2399 {
2400     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2401     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2402     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2403 
2404     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2405          if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2406               error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2407               exit(1);
2408           }
2409 
2410           if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2411               error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2412               exit(1);
2413           }
2414     }
2415 
2416     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2417         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2418                      "mutually exclusive");
2419         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2420     }
2421     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2422         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2423         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2424     }
2425 
2426 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2427     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2428         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2429         exit(1);
2430     }
2431 #endif
2432 }
2433 
2434 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2435 {
2436     if (mem_prealloc) {
2437         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2438         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2439             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2440             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2441                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2442                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2443                                            val, false);
2444             }
2445         }
2446         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2447     }
2448 }
2449 
2450 /* -action processing */
2451 
2452 /*
2453  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2454  */
2455 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2456 {
2457     Error *local_err = NULL;
2458     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2459     QObject *ret = NULL;
2460     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2461     qobject_unref(ret);
2462     qobject_unref(qdict);
2463     if (local_err) {
2464         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2465         return 1;
2466     }
2467     return 0;
2468 }
2469 
2470 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2471 {
2472     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2473                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2474 
2475     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2476 
2477 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2478     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2479     if (olist) {
2480         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2481     }
2482 #endif
2483 
2484     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2485                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2486         exit(1);
2487     }
2488 
2489 #ifndef _WIN32
2490     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2491                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2492 
2493     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2494                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2495 #endif
2496 
2497     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2498     {
2499         int mask = 0;
2500         if (log_mask) {
2501             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2502             if (!mask) {
2503                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2504                 exit(1);
2505             }
2506         }
2507         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2508     }
2509 
2510     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2511 }
2512 
2513 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2514 {
2515     /*
2516      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2517      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2518      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2519      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2520      */
2521     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2522         list_cpus();
2523         exit(0);
2524     }
2525 
2526     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2527                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2528         exit(0);
2529     }
2530 
2531     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2532     if (list_data_dirs) {
2533         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2534         exit(0);
2535     }
2536 }
2537 
2538 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2539 {
2540     Error *err = NULL;
2541 
2542     os_daemonize();
2543     rcu_disable_atfork();
2544 
2545     if (pid_file) {
2546         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2547 
2548         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2549             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2550             exit(1);
2551         }
2552 
2553         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2554         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2555             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2556                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2557                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2558             }
2559             return;
2560         }
2561 
2562         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2563             .notifier = {
2564                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2565             },
2566             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2567         };
2568         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2569     }
2570 }
2571 
2572 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2573 {
2574     DisplayState *ds;
2575 
2576     /* init local displays */
2577     ds = init_displaystate();
2578     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2579 
2580     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2581     os_setup_signal_handling();
2582 
2583     /* init remote displays */
2584 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2585     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2586                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2587 #endif
2588 
2589     if (using_spice) {
2590         qemu_spice.display_init();
2591     }
2592 }
2593 
2594 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2595 {
2596     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2597     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2598 
2599     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2600     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2601 
2602     drive_check_orphaned();
2603 
2604     realtime_init();
2605 }
2606 
2607 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2608 {
2609     DeviceOption *opt;
2610 
2611     soundhw_init();
2612 
2613     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2614                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2615 
2616     /* init USB devices */
2617     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2618         if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
2619             exit(1);
2620     }
2621 
2622     /* init generic devices */
2623     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2624     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2625                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2626     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2627         DeviceState *dev;
2628         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2629         /*
2630          * TODO Eventually we should call qmp_device_add() here to make sure it
2631          * behaves the same, but QMP still has to accept incorrectly typed
2632          * options until libvirt is fixed and we want to be strict on the CLI
2633          * from the start, so call qdev_device_add_from_qdict() directly for
2634          * now.
2635          */
2636         dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(opt->opts, true, &error_fatal);
2637         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
2638         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2639     }
2640     rom_reset_order_override();
2641 }
2642 
2643 static void qemu_machine_creation_done(void)
2644 {
2645     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2646 
2647     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2648     drive_check_orphaned();
2649 
2650     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2651      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2652      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2653      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2654      * requested one
2655      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2656      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2657      */
2658     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2659         net_check_clients();
2660     }
2661 
2662     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2663 
2664     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2665 
2666     if (machine->cgs) {
2667         /*
2668          * Verify that Confidential Guest Support has actually been initialized
2669          */
2670         assert(machine->cgs->ready);
2671     }
2672 
2673     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
2674         exit(1);
2675     }
2676     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2677         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2678         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2679                     "type does not use that option; "
2680                     "No VGA device has been created");
2681     }
2682 }
2683 
2684 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2685 {
2686     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2687         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2688         return;
2689     }
2690 
2691     qemu_init_board();
2692     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2693     qemu_machine_creation_done();
2694 
2695     if (loadvm) {
2696         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2697     }
2698     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2699         replay_vmstate_init();
2700     }
2701 
2702     if (incoming) {
2703         Error *local_err = NULL;
2704         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2705             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, false, NULL, &local_err);
2706             if (local_err) {
2707                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2708                 exit(1);
2709             }
2710         }
2711     } else if (autostart) {
2712         qmp_cont(NULL);
2713     }
2714 }
2715 
2716 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2717 {
2718     QemuOpts *opts;
2719     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2720     QemuOptsList *olist;
2721     int optind;
2722     const char *optarg;
2723     MachineClass *machine_class;
2724     bool userconfig = true;
2725     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2726 
2727     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2728     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2729     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2730     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2731     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2732     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2733     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2734     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2735     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2736     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2737     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2738     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2739     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2740     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2741     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2742     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2743     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2744     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2745     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2746     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2747     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2748     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2749     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2750     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2751     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2752     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2753     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2754     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2755     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2756     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2757     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2758     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2759     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2760 
2761     error_init(argv[0]);
2762     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2763 
2764     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2765 
2766     qemu_init_subsystems();
2767 
2768     /* first pass of option parsing */
2769     optind = 1;
2770     while (optind < argc) {
2771         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2772             /* disk image */
2773             optind++;
2774         } else {
2775             const QEMUOption *popt;
2776 
2777             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2778             switch (popt->index) {
2779             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2780                 userconfig = false;
2781                 break;
2782             }
2783         }
2784     }
2785 
2786     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2787     if (userconfig) {
2788         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2789     }
2790 
2791     /* second pass of option parsing */
2792     optind = 1;
2793     for(;;) {
2794         if (optind >= argc)
2795             break;
2796         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2797             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2798             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2799         } else {
2800             const QEMUOption *popt;
2801 
2802             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2803             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2804                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2805                 exit(1);
2806             }
2807             switch(popt->index) {
2808             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2809                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2810                 cpu_option = optarg;
2811                 break;
2812             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2813             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2814             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2815             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2816                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2817                           HD_OPTS);
2818                 break;
2819             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2820                 {
2821                     Visitor *v;
2822                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2823 
2824                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2825                                                       &error_fatal);
2826 
2827                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2828                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2829                                                &error_fatal);
2830                     visit_free(v);
2831                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2832                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2833                     break;
2834                 }
2835             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2836                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2837                                                optarg, false);
2838                 if (opts == NULL) {
2839                     exit(1);
2840                 }
2841                 break;
2842             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2843                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2844                 break;
2845             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2846                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2847                     exit(1);
2848                 break;
2849             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2850                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2851                 break;
2852             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2853                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2854                 break;
2855             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2856                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2857                 break;
2858             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2859                 snapshot = 1;
2860                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2861                 break;
2862             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2863                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2864                                                optarg, true);
2865                 if (!opts) {
2866                     exit(1);
2867                 }
2868                 break;
2869             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2870                 parse_display(optarg);
2871                 break;
2872             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2873                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2874                 nographic = true;
2875                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2876                 break;
2877             case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
2878                 graphic_rotate = 90;
2879                 break;
2880             case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
2881                 graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
2882                 if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
2883                     graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
2884                     error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
2885                     exit(1);
2886                 }
2887                 break;
2888             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2889                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2890                 break;
2891             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2892                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2893                 break;
2894             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2895                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2896                 break;
2897             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2898                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2899                 break;
2900             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2901                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2902                 break;
2903             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2904                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2905                 break;
2906             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2907             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2908                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2909                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2910                 break;
2911             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2912                 fd_bootchk = 0;
2913                 break;
2914             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2915                 default_net = 0;
2916                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2917                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2918                 } else {
2919                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2920                 }
2921                 break;
2922             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2923                 default_net = 0;
2924                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2925                 break;
2926             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2927                 default_net = 0;
2928                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2929                 break;
2930 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2931             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2932                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2933                                                optarg, false);
2934                 if (!opts) {
2935                     exit(1);
2936                 }
2937                 break;
2938 #endif
2939             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2940                 default_audio = 0;
2941                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2942                 break;
2943             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2944                 bool help;
2945                 char *model = NULL;
2946                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2947                 Visitor *v;
2948                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2949                 default_audio = 0;
2950                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2951                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2952                     audio_help();
2953                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2954                 }
2955                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2956                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2957                 }
2958                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2959                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2960                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2961                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2962                         show_valid_soundhw();
2963                         exit(0);
2964                     }
2965                 }
2966                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2967                 qobject_unref(dict);
2968                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
2969                 visit_free(v);
2970                 if (model) {
2971                     audio_define(dev);
2972                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
2973                     g_free(model);
2974                 } else {
2975                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
2976                 }
2977                 break;
2978             }
2979             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
2980                 help(0);
2981                 break;
2982             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
2983                 version();
2984                 exit(0);
2985                 break;
2986             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
2987                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
2988                 if (opts == NULL) {
2989                     exit(1);
2990                 }
2991                 break;
2992 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
2993             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
2994                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
2995                     exit(1);
2996                 }
2997                 break;
2998 #endif
2999             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
3000                 mem_path = optarg;
3001                 break;
3002             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
3003                 mem_prealloc = 1;
3004                 break;
3005             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3006                 log_mask = optarg;
3007                 break;
3008             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3009                 log_file = optarg;
3010                 break;
3011             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3012                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3013                 break;
3014 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3015             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3016                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3017                 break;
3018             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3019                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3020                 break;
3021 #endif
3022             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3023                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3024                 break;
3025             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3026                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3027                 break;
3028             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3029                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3030                 break;
3031             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3032                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3033                     list_data_dirs = true;
3034                 } else {
3035                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3036                 }
3037                 break;
3038             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3039                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3040                 break;
3041             case QEMU_OPTION_singlestep:
3042                 opt_one_insn_per_tb = true;
3043                 break;
3044             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3045                 autostart = 0;
3046                 break;
3047             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3048                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3049                 break;
3050             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3051                 vga_model = optarg;
3052                 default_vga = 0;
3053                 break;
3054             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3055                 {
3056                     const char *p;
3057                     int w, h, depth;
3058                     p = optarg;
3059                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3060                     if (w <= 0) {
3061                     graphic_error:
3062                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3063                         exit(1);
3064                     }
3065                     if (*p != 'x')
3066                         goto graphic_error;
3067                     p++;
3068                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3069                     if (h <= 0)
3070                         goto graphic_error;
3071                     if (*p == 'x') {
3072                         p++;
3073                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3074                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3075                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3076                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3077                             goto graphic_error;
3078                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3079                         depth = graphic_depth;
3080                     } else {
3081                         goto graphic_error;
3082                     }
3083 
3084                     graphic_width = w;
3085                     graphic_height = h;
3086                     graphic_depth = depth;
3087                 }
3088                 break;
3089             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3090                 {
3091                     char *r;
3092                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3093                     if (r == optarg)
3094                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3095                     break;
3096                 }
3097             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3098                 default_monitor = 0;
3099                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3100                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3101                 }
3102                 break;
3103             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3104                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3105                 default_monitor = 0;
3106                 break;
3107             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3108                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3109                 default_monitor = 0;
3110                 break;
3111             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3112                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3113                                                true);
3114                 if (!opts) {
3115                     exit(1);
3116                 }
3117                 default_monitor = 0;
3118                 break;
3119             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3120                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3121                                                optarg, true);
3122                 if (!opts) {
3123                     exit(1);
3124                 }
3125                 break;
3126             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3127                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3128                 if (!olist) {
3129                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3130                     exit(1);
3131                 }
3132                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3133                 if (!opts) {
3134                     exit(1);
3135                 }
3136                 break;
3137             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3138                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3139                 QemuOpts *device;
3140                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3141                            *multidevs;
3142 
3143                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3144                 if (!olist) {
3145                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3146                     exit(1);
3147                 }
3148                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3149                 if (!opts) {
3150                     exit(1);
3151                 }
3152 
3153                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3154                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3155                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3156                     exit(1);
3157                 }
3158                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3159                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3160                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3161                                          1, NULL);
3162                 if (!fsdev) {
3163                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3164                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3165                     exit(1);
3166                 }
3167 
3168                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3169                 if (writeout) {
3170 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3171                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3172 #else
3173                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3174                                  "on this platform");
3175                     exit(1);
3176 #endif
3177                 }
3178                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3179                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3180                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3181                 if (path) {
3182                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3183                 }
3184                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3185                 if (security_model) {
3186                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3187                                  &error_abort);
3188                 }
3189                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3190                 if (socket) {
3191                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3192                 }
3193                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3194                 if (sock_fd) {
3195                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3196                 }
3197 
3198                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3199                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3200                                   &error_abort);
3201                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3202                 if (multidevs) {
3203                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3204                 }
3205                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3206                                           &error_abort);
3207                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3208                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3209                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3210                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3211                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3212                 break;
3213             }
3214             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3215                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3216                 default_serial = 0;
3217                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3218                     default_monitor = 0;
3219                 }
3220                 break;
3221             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3222                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3223                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3224                      exit(1);
3225                 }
3226                 break;
3227             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3228                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3229                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3230                 break;
3231             }
3232             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3233                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3234                 default_parallel = 0;
3235                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3236                     default_monitor = 0;
3237                 }
3238                 break;
3239             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3240                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3241                 break;
3242             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3243                 loadvm = optarg;
3244                 break;
3245             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3246                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3247                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3248                 break;
3249             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3250                 pid_file = optarg;
3251                 break;
3252             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3253                 win2k_install_hack = 1;
3254                 break;
3255             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3256                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3257                                                optarg, true);
3258                 if (!opts) {
3259                     exit(1);
3260                 }
3261                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3262                 break;
3263             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3264                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3265                                                optarg, false);
3266                 if (!opts) {
3267                     exit(1);
3268                 }
3269                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3270                 break;
3271             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3272                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3273                                                optarg, true);
3274                 if (opts == NULL) {
3275                     exit(1);
3276                 }
3277                 break;
3278             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3279                 preconfig_requested = true;
3280                 break;
3281             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3282                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3283                 break;
3284             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3285             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3286                 {
3287                     bool help;
3288 
3289                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3290                     if (help) {
3291                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3292                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3293                     }
3294                     break;
3295                 }
3296             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3297                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3298                                                      optarg, true);
3299                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3300                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3301                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3302                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3303                                                                     false);
3304                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3305                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3306                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3307                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3308                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3309                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3310                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3311                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3312                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3313                             g_strfreev(optname);
3314                         }
3315                         g_free(typename);
3316                     }
3317                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3318                     exit(0);
3319                 }
3320                 break;
3321             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3322                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3323                 break;
3324             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3325                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3326                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3327                 break;
3328             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3329                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3330                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3331                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3332                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3333                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3334                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3335                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3336                 } else {
3337                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3338                                                  optarg, true)) {
3339                         exit(1);
3340                     }
3341                 }
3342                 break;
3343             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3344                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3345                                            "smp", optarg);
3346                 break;
3347             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3348                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3349                 break;
3350             case QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi:
3351                 warn_report("-no-acpi is deprecated, use '-machine acpi=off' instead");
3352                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "acpi", "off");
3353                 break;
3354             case QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet:
3355                 warn_report("-no-hpet is deprecated, use '-machine hpet=off' instead");
3356                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "hpet", "off");
3357                 break;
3358             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3359                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3360                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3361                 break;
3362             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3363                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3364                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3365                 break;
3366             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3367                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3368                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3369                     exit(1);
3370                 }
3371                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3372                 break;
3373             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3374                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3375                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3376                     exit(1);
3377                 }
3378                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3379                                                optarg, true);
3380                 if (!opts) {
3381                     exit(1);
3382                 }
3383                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3384                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3385                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3386                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3387                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3388                     exit(1);
3389                 }
3390                 nb_option_roms++;
3391                 break;
3392             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3393                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3394                 break;
3395             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3396                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3397                     exit(1);
3398                 }
3399                 break;
3400             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3401                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3402                                                optarg, true);
3403                 if (!opts) {
3404                     exit(1);
3405                 }
3406                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3407                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3408                 break;
3409             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3410                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3411                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3412                     exit(1);
3413                 }
3414                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3415                 nb_prom_envs++;
3416                 break;
3417             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3418                 old_param = 1;
3419                 break;
3420             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3421                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3422                                                false);
3423                 if (!opts) {
3424                     exit(1);
3425                 }
3426                 break;
3427             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3428                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3429                                                       optarg, true);
3430                 if (!icount_opts) {
3431                     exit(1);
3432                 }
3433                 break;
3434             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3435                 if (!incoming) {
3436                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3437                 }
3438                 incoming = optarg;
3439                 break;
3440             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3441                 only_migratable = 1;
3442                 break;
3443             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3444                 has_defaults = 0;
3445                 break;
3446             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3447                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3448                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3449                     exit(1);
3450                 }
3451                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3452                 break;
3453             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3454                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3455                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3456                     exit(1);
3457                 }
3458                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3459                 break;
3460             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3461                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3462                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3463                     exit(1);
3464                 }
3465                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3466                 break;
3467             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3468                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3469                 break;
3470             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3471                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3472                 break;
3473             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3474                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3475                 break;
3476 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3477             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3478                 olist = qemu_find_opts_err("spice", NULL);
3479                 if (!olist) {
3480                     error_report("spice support is disabled");
3481                     exit(1);
3482                 }
3483                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false);
3484                 if (!opts) {
3485                     exit(1);
3486                 }
3487                 display_remote++;
3488                 break;
3489 #endif
3490             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3491                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3492                 break;
3493             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3494                 qtest_log = optarg;
3495                 break;
3496             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3497                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3498                 if (!olist) {
3499 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3500                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3501                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3502 #endif
3503                     exit(1);
3504                 }
3505 
3506                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3507                 if (!opts) {
3508                     exit(1);
3509                 }
3510                 break;
3511             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3512 #ifndef _WIN32
3513                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3514                                                optarg, false);
3515                 if (!opts) {
3516                     exit(1);
3517                 }
3518 #else
3519                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3520                              "platform");
3521                 exit(1);
3522 #endif
3523                 break;
3524             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3525                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3526                 break;
3527             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3528                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3529                                                optarg, false);
3530                 if (!opts) {
3531                     exit(1);
3532                 }
3533                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", false);
3534                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", false);
3535                 break;
3536             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3537                 {
3538                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3539                     Visitor *v;
3540 
3541                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3542                                                       &error_fatal);
3543 
3544                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3545                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3546 
3547                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3548                     visit_free(v);
3549                     break;
3550                 }
3551             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3552                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3553                                                false);
3554                 if (!opts) {
3555                     exit(1);
3556                 }
3557                 configure_msg(opts);
3558                 break;
3559             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3560                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3561                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3562                                  "option may be given");
3563                     exit(1);
3564                 }
3565                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3566                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3567                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3568                     exit(1);
3569                 }
3570                 break;
3571             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3572                 qsp_enable();
3573                 break;
3574             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3575                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3576                 break;
3577 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3578             case QEMU_OPTION_runas:
3579                 if (!os_set_runas(optarg)) {
3580                     error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3581                                  " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3582                                  optarg);
3583                     exit(1);
3584                 }
3585                 break;
3586             case QEMU_OPTION_chroot:
3587                 warn_report("option is deprecated,"
3588                             " use '-run-with chroot=...' instead");
3589                 os_set_chroot(optarg);
3590                 break;
3591             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3592                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3593                 break;
3594 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3595             /* deprecated */
3596             case QEMU_OPTION_asyncteardown:
3597                 init_async_teardown();
3598                 break;
3599 #endif
3600             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3601                 const char *str;
3602                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3603                                                          optarg, false);
3604                 if (!opts) {
3605                     exit(1);
3606                 }
3607 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3608                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3609                     init_async_teardown();
3610                 }
3611 #endif
3612                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3613                 if (str) {
3614                     os_set_chroot(str);
3615                 }
3616                 break;
3617             }
3618 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3619 
3620             default:
3621                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3622                 exit(1);
3623             }
3624         }
3625     }
3626     /*
3627      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3628      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3629      */
3630     loc_set_none();
3631 
3632     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3633     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3634 
3635     /*
3636      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3637      * before daemonizing.
3638      */
3639     qemu_process_early_options();
3640 
3641     qemu_process_help_options();
3642     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3643 
3644     /*
3645      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3646      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3647      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3648      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3649      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3650      * process will be left in the host.
3651      */
3652     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3653         exit(1);
3654     }
3655     trace_init_file();
3656 
3657     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3658     cpu_timers_init();
3659 
3660     user_register_global_props();
3661     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3662 
3663     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3664 
3665     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3666     parse_memory_options();
3667 
3668     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3669 
3670     suspend_mux_open();
3671 
3672     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3673     qemu_create_default_devices();
3674     qemu_create_early_backends();
3675 
3676     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3677     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3678     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3679     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3680 
3681     /*
3682      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3683      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3684      */
3685     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3686     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3687 
3688     /*
3689      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3690      * compat properties.
3691      *
3692      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3693      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3694      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3695      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3696      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3697      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3698      *
3699      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3700      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3701      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3702      */
3703 
3704     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3705     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3706         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3707                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3708     }
3709 
3710     /*
3711      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3712      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3713      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3714      */
3715     qemu_create_late_backends();
3716 
3717     /*
3718      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3719      * compat properties have been set up.
3720      */
3721     migration_object_init();
3722 
3723     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3724     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class->default_cpu_type;
3725     if (cpu_option) {
3726         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3727     }
3728     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3729 
3730     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3731     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3732 
3733     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3734         /* dump and exit */
3735         module_load_qom_all();
3736         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3737         exit(0);
3738     }
3739 
3740     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3741         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3742     }
3743     qemu_init_displays();
3744     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3745     os_setup_post();
3746     resume_mux_open();
3747 }
3748