xref: /openbmc/qemu/system/qdev-monitor.c (revision 8bf6275f7e08ed8fea309ecda29c5da8837ed952)
1 /*
2  *  Dynamic device configuration and creation.
3  *
4  *  Copyright (c) 2009 CodeSourcery
5  *
6  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
8  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
9  * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10  *
11  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
14  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
15  *
16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
17  * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18  */
19 
20 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
21 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
22 #include "monitor/hmp.h"
23 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
24 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
25 #include "system/arch_init.h"
26 #include "system/runstate.h"
27 #include "qapi/error.h"
28 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-qdev.h"
29 #include "qapi/qmp/dispatch.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
31 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
32 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
33 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
34 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
35 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
36 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
37 #include "qemu/option.h"
38 #include "qemu/qemu-print.h"
39 #include "qemu/option_int.h"
40 #include "system/block-backend.h"
41 #include "migration/misc.h"
42 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
43 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
44 #include "hw/clock.h"
45 #include "hw/boards.h"
46 
47 /*
48  * Aliases were a bad idea from the start.  Let's keep them
49  * from spreading further.
50  */
51 typedef struct QDevAlias
52 {
53     const char *typename;
54     const char *alias;
55     uint32_t arch_mask;
56 } QDevAlias;
57 
58 /* default virtio transport per architecture */
59 #define QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI (QEMU_ARCH_ALPHA | \
60                               QEMU_ARCH_ARM | \
61                               QEMU_ARCH_HPPA | \
62                               QEMU_ARCH_I386 | \
63                               QEMU_ARCH_LOONGARCH | \
64                               QEMU_ARCH_MIPS | \
65                               QEMU_ARCH_OPENRISC | \
66                               QEMU_ARCH_PPC | \
67                               QEMU_ARCH_RISCV | \
68                               QEMU_ARCH_SH4 | \
69                               QEMU_ARCH_SPARC | \
70                               QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA)
71 #define QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW (QEMU_ARCH_S390X)
72 #define QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO (QEMU_ARCH_M68K)
73 
74 /* Please keep this table sorted by typename. */
75 static const QDevAlias qdev_alias_table[] = {
76     { "AC97", "ac97" }, /* -soundhw name */
77     { "e1000", "e1000-82540em" },
78     { "ES1370", "es1370" }, /* -soundhw name */
79     { "ich9-ahci", "ahci" },
80     { "lsi53c895a", "lsi" },
81     { "virtio-9p-device", "virtio-9p", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
82     { "virtio-9p-ccw", "virtio-9p", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
83     { "virtio-9p-pci", "virtio-9p", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
84     { "virtio-balloon-device", "virtio-balloon", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
85     { "virtio-balloon-ccw", "virtio-balloon", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
86     { "virtio-balloon-pci", "virtio-balloon", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
87     { "virtio-blk-device", "virtio-blk", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
88     { "virtio-blk-ccw", "virtio-blk", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
89     { "virtio-blk-pci", "virtio-blk", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
90     { "virtio-gpu-device", "virtio-gpu", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
91     { "virtio-gpu-ccw", "virtio-gpu", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
92     { "virtio-gpu-pci", "virtio-gpu", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
93     { "virtio-gpu-gl-device", "virtio-gpu-gl", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
94     { "virtio-gpu-gl-pci", "virtio-gpu-gl", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
95     { "virtio-gpu-rutabaga-device", "virtio-gpu-rutabaga",
96       QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
97     { "virtio-gpu-rutabaga-pci", "virtio-gpu-rutabaga", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
98     { "virtio-input-host-device", "virtio-input-host", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
99     { "virtio-input-host-ccw", "virtio-input-host", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
100     { "virtio-input-host-pci", "virtio-input-host", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
101     { "virtio-iommu-pci", "virtio-iommu", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
102     { "virtio-keyboard-device", "virtio-keyboard", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
103     { "virtio-keyboard-ccw", "virtio-keyboard", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
104     { "virtio-keyboard-pci", "virtio-keyboard", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
105     { "virtio-mouse-device", "virtio-mouse", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
106     { "virtio-mouse-ccw", "virtio-mouse", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
107     { "virtio-mouse-pci", "virtio-mouse", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
108     { "virtio-net-device", "virtio-net", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
109     { "virtio-net-ccw", "virtio-net", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
110     { "virtio-net-pci", "virtio-net", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
111     { "virtio-rng-device", "virtio-rng", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
112     { "virtio-rng-ccw", "virtio-rng", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
113     { "virtio-rng-pci", "virtio-rng", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
114     { "virtio-scsi-device", "virtio-scsi", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
115     { "virtio-scsi-ccw", "virtio-scsi", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
116     { "virtio-scsi-pci", "virtio-scsi", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
117     { "virtio-serial-device", "virtio-serial", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
118     { "virtio-serial-ccw", "virtio-serial", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
119     { "virtio-serial-pci", "virtio-serial", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI},
120     { "virtio-sound-device", "virtio-sound", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
121     { "virtio-sound-pci", "virtio-sound", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
122     { "virtio-tablet-device", "virtio-tablet", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_MMIO },
123     { "virtio-tablet-ccw", "virtio-tablet", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_CCW },
124     { "virtio-tablet-pci", "virtio-tablet", QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_PCI },
125     { }
126 };
127 
128 static const char *qdev_class_get_alias(DeviceClass *dc)
129 {
130     const char *typename = object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(dc));
131     int i;
132 
133     for (i = 0; qdev_alias_table[i].typename; i++) {
134         if (qdev_alias_table[i].arch_mask &&
135             !(qdev_alias_table[i].arch_mask & arch_type)) {
136             continue;
137         }
138 
139         if (strcmp(qdev_alias_table[i].typename, typename) == 0) {
140             return qdev_alias_table[i].alias;
141         }
142     }
143 
144     return NULL;
145 }
146 
147 static bool qdev_class_has_alias(DeviceClass *dc)
148 {
149     return (qdev_class_get_alias(dc) != NULL);
150 }
151 
152 static void qdev_print_devinfo(DeviceClass *dc)
153 {
154     qemu_printf("name \"%s\"", object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(dc)));
155     if (dc->bus_type) {
156         qemu_printf(", bus %s", dc->bus_type);
157     }
158     if (qdev_class_has_alias(dc)) {
159         qemu_printf(", alias \"%s\"", qdev_class_get_alias(dc));
160     }
161     if (dc->desc) {
162         qemu_printf(", desc \"%s\"", dc->desc);
163     }
164     if (!dc->user_creatable) {
165         qemu_printf(", no-user");
166     }
167     qemu_printf("\n");
168 }
169 
170 static void qdev_print_devinfos(bool show_no_user)
171 {
172     static const char *cat_name[DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX + 1] = {
173         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_BRIDGE]  = "Controller/Bridge/Hub",
174         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_USB]     = "USB",
175         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE] = "Storage",
176         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_NETWORK] = "Network",
177         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_INPUT]   = "Input",
178         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_DISPLAY] = "Display",
179         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_SOUND]   = "Sound",
180         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC]    = "Misc",
181         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_CPU]     = "CPU",
182         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_WATCHDOG]= "Watchdog",
183         [DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX]     = "Uncategorized",
184     };
185     GSList *list, *elt;
186     int i;
187     bool cat_printed;
188 
189     module_load_qom_all();
190     list = object_class_get_list_sorted(TYPE_DEVICE, false);
191 
192     for (i = 0; i <= DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX; i++) {
193         cat_printed = false;
194         for (elt = list; elt; elt = elt->next) {
195             DeviceClass *dc = OBJECT_CLASS_CHECK(DeviceClass, elt->data,
196                                                  TYPE_DEVICE);
197             if ((i < DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX
198                  ? !test_bit(i, dc->categories)
199                  : !bitmap_empty(dc->categories, DEVICE_CATEGORY_MAX))
200                 || (!show_no_user
201                     && !dc->user_creatable)) {
202                 continue;
203             }
204             if (!cat_printed) {
205                 qemu_printf("%s%s devices:\n", i ? "\n" : "", cat_name[i]);
206                 cat_printed = true;
207             }
208             qdev_print_devinfo(dc);
209         }
210     }
211 
212     g_slist_free(list);
213 }
214 
215 static const char *find_typename_by_alias(const char *alias)
216 {
217     int i;
218 
219     for (i = 0; qdev_alias_table[i].alias; i++) {
220         if (qdev_alias_table[i].arch_mask &&
221             !(qdev_alias_table[i].arch_mask & arch_type)) {
222             continue;
223         }
224 
225         if (strcmp(qdev_alias_table[i].alias, alias) == 0) {
226             return qdev_alias_table[i].typename;
227         }
228     }
229 
230     return NULL;
231 }
232 
233 static DeviceClass *qdev_get_device_class(const char **driver, Error **errp)
234 {
235     ObjectClass *oc;
236     DeviceClass *dc;
237     const char *original_name = *driver;
238 
239     oc = module_object_class_by_name(*driver);
240     if (!oc) {
241         const char *typename = find_typename_by_alias(*driver);
242 
243         if (typename) {
244             *driver = typename;
245             oc = module_object_class_by_name(*driver);
246         }
247     }
248 
249     if (!object_class_dynamic_cast(oc, TYPE_DEVICE)) {
250         if (*driver != original_name) {
251             error_setg(errp, "'%s' (alias '%s') is not a valid device model"
252                        " name", original_name, *driver);
253         } else {
254             error_setg(errp, "'%s' is not a valid device model name", *driver);
255         }
256         return NULL;
257     }
258 
259     if (object_class_is_abstract(oc)) {
260         error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "driver",
261                    "a non-abstract device type");
262         return NULL;
263     }
264 
265     dc = DEVICE_CLASS(oc);
266     if (!dc->user_creatable ||
267         (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_READY) && !dc->hotpluggable)) {
268         error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "driver",
269                    "a pluggable device type");
270         return NULL;
271     }
272 
273     if (object_class_dynamic_cast(oc, TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE)) {
274         /* sysbus devices need to be allowed by the machine */
275         MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(object_get_class(qdev_get_machine()));
276         if (!device_type_is_dynamic_sysbus(mc, *driver)) {
277             error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "driver",
278                        "a dynamic sysbus device type for the machine");
279             return NULL;
280         }
281     }
282 
283     return dc;
284 }
285 
286 
287 int qdev_device_help(QemuOpts *opts)
288 {
289     Error *local_err = NULL;
290     const char *driver;
291     ObjectPropertyInfoList *prop_list;
292     ObjectPropertyInfoList *prop;
293     GPtrArray *array;
294     int i;
295 
296     driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
297     if (driver && is_help_option(driver)) {
298         qdev_print_devinfos(false);
299         return 1;
300     }
301 
302     if (!driver || !qemu_opt_has_help_opt(opts)) {
303         return 0;
304     }
305 
306     if (!object_class_by_name(driver)) {
307         const char *typename = find_typename_by_alias(driver);
308 
309         if (typename) {
310             driver = typename;
311         }
312     }
313 
314     prop_list = qmp_device_list_properties(driver, &local_err);
315     if (local_err) {
316         goto error;
317     }
318 
319     if (prop_list) {
320         qemu_printf("%s options:\n", driver);
321     } else {
322         qemu_printf("There are no options for %s.\n", driver);
323     }
324     array = g_ptr_array_new();
325     for (prop = prop_list; prop; prop = prop->next) {
326         g_ptr_array_add(array,
327                         object_property_help(prop->value->name,
328                                              prop->value->type,
329                                              prop->value->default_value,
330                                              prop->value->description));
331     }
332     g_ptr_array_sort(array, (GCompareFunc)qemu_pstrcmp0);
333     for (i = 0; i < array->len; i++) {
334         qemu_printf("%s\n", (char *)array->pdata[i]);
335     }
336     g_ptr_array_set_free_func(array, g_free);
337     g_ptr_array_free(array, true);
338     qapi_free_ObjectPropertyInfoList(prop_list);
339     return 1;
340 
341 error:
342     error_report_err(local_err);
343     return 1;
344 }
345 
346 static Object *qdev_get_peripheral(void)
347 {
348     static Object *dev;
349 
350     if (dev == NULL) {
351         dev = machine_get_container("peripheral");
352     }
353 
354     return dev;
355 }
356 
357 static Object *qdev_get_peripheral_anon(void)
358 {
359     static Object *dev;
360 
361     if (dev == NULL) {
362         dev = machine_get_container("peripheral-anon");
363     }
364 
365     return dev;
366 }
367 
368 static void qbus_error_append_bus_list_hint(DeviceState *dev,
369                                             Error *const *errp)
370 {
371     BusState *child;
372     const char *sep = " ";
373 
374     error_append_hint(errp, "child buses at \"%s\":",
375                       dev->id ? dev->id : object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
376     QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
377         error_append_hint(errp, "%s\"%s\"", sep, child->name);
378         sep = ", ";
379     }
380     error_append_hint(errp, "\n");
381 }
382 
383 static void qbus_error_append_dev_list_hint(BusState *bus,
384                                             Error *const *errp)
385 {
386     BusChild *kid;
387     const char *sep = " ";
388 
389     error_append_hint(errp, "devices at \"%s\":", bus->name);
390     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
391         DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
392         error_append_hint(errp, "%s\"%s\"", sep,
393                           object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
394         if (dev->id) {
395             error_append_hint(errp, "/\"%s\"", dev->id);
396         }
397         sep = ", ";
398     }
399     error_append_hint(errp, "\n");
400 }
401 
402 static BusState *qbus_find_bus(DeviceState *dev, char *elem)
403 {
404     BusState *child;
405 
406     QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
407         if (strcmp(child->name, elem) == 0) {
408             return child;
409         }
410     }
411     return NULL;
412 }
413 
414 static DeviceState *qbus_find_dev(BusState *bus, char *elem)
415 {
416     BusChild *kid;
417 
418     /*
419      * try to match in order:
420      *   (1) instance id, if present
421      *   (2) driver name
422      *   (3) driver alias, if present
423      */
424     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
425         DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
426         if (dev->id  &&  strcmp(dev->id, elem) == 0) {
427             return dev;
428         }
429     }
430     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
431         DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
432         if (strcmp(object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)), elem) == 0) {
433             return dev;
434         }
435     }
436     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
437         DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
438         DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
439 
440         if (qdev_class_has_alias(dc) &&
441             strcmp(qdev_class_get_alias(dc), elem) == 0) {
442             return dev;
443         }
444     }
445     return NULL;
446 }
447 
448 static inline bool qbus_is_full(BusState *bus)
449 {
450     BusClass *bus_class;
451 
452     if (bus->full) {
453         return true;
454     }
455     bus_class = BUS_GET_CLASS(bus);
456     return bus_class->max_dev && bus->num_children >= bus_class->max_dev;
457 }
458 
459 /*
460  * Search the tree rooted at @bus for a bus.
461  * If @name, search for a bus with that name.  Note that bus names
462  * need not be unique.  Yes, that's screwed up.
463  * Else search for a bus that is a subtype of @bus_typename.
464  * If more than one exists, prefer one that can take another device.
465  * Return the bus if found, else %NULL.
466  */
467 static BusState *qbus_find_recursive(BusState *bus, const char *name,
468                                      const char *bus_typename)
469 {
470     BusChild *kid;
471     BusState *pick, *child, *ret;
472     bool match;
473 
474     assert(name || bus_typename);
475     if (name) {
476         match = !strcmp(bus->name, name);
477     } else {
478         match = !!object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(bus), bus_typename);
479     }
480 
481     if (match && !qbus_is_full(bus)) {
482         return bus;             /* root matches and isn't full */
483     }
484 
485     pick = match ? bus : NULL;
486 
487     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
488         DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
489         QLIST_FOREACH(child, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
490             ret = qbus_find_recursive(child, name, bus_typename);
491             if (ret && !qbus_is_full(ret)) {
492                 return ret;     /* a descendant matches and isn't full */
493             }
494             if (ret && !pick) {
495                 pick = ret;
496             }
497         }
498     }
499 
500     /* root or a descendant matches, but is full */
501     return pick;
502 }
503 
504 static BusState *qbus_find(const char *path, Error **errp)
505 {
506     DeviceState *dev;
507     BusState *bus;
508     char elem[128];
509     int pos, len;
510 
511     /* find start element */
512     if (path[0] == '/') {
513         bus = sysbus_get_default();
514         pos = 0;
515     } else {
516         if (sscanf(path, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
517             assert(!path[0]);
518             elem[0] = len = 0;
519         }
520         bus = qbus_find_recursive(sysbus_get_default(), elem, NULL);
521         if (!bus) {
522             error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' not found", elem);
523             return NULL;
524         }
525         pos = len;
526     }
527 
528     for (;;) {
529         assert(path[pos] == '/' || !path[pos]);
530         while (path[pos] == '/') {
531             pos++;
532         }
533         if (path[pos] == '\0') {
534             break;
535         }
536 
537         /* find device */
538         if (sscanf(path+pos, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
539             g_assert_not_reached();
540             elem[0] = len = 0;
541         }
542         pos += len;
543         dev = qbus_find_dev(bus, elem);
544         if (!dev) {
545             error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
546                       "Device '%s' not found", elem);
547             qbus_error_append_dev_list_hint(bus, errp);
548             return NULL;
549         }
550 
551         assert(path[pos] == '/' || !path[pos]);
552         while (path[pos] == '/') {
553             pos++;
554         }
555         if (path[pos] == '\0') {
556             /* last specified element is a device.  If it has exactly
557              * one child bus accept it nevertheless */
558             if (dev->num_child_bus == 1) {
559                 bus = QLIST_FIRST(&dev->child_bus);
560                 break;
561             }
562             if (dev->num_child_bus) {
563                 error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has multiple child buses",
564                            elem);
565                 qbus_error_append_bus_list_hint(dev, errp);
566             } else {
567                 error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' has no child bus", elem);
568             }
569             return NULL;
570         }
571 
572         /* find bus */
573         if (sscanf(path+pos, "%127[^/]%n", elem, &len) != 1) {
574             g_assert_not_reached();
575             elem[0] = len = 0;
576         }
577         pos += len;
578         bus = qbus_find_bus(dev, elem);
579         if (!bus) {
580             error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' not found", elem);
581             qbus_error_append_bus_list_hint(dev, errp);
582             return NULL;
583         }
584     }
585 
586     if (qbus_is_full(bus)) {
587         error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' is full", path);
588         return NULL;
589     }
590     return bus;
591 }
592 
593 /* Takes ownership of @id, will be freed when deleting the device */
594 const char *qdev_set_id(DeviceState *dev, char *id, Error **errp)
595 {
596     ObjectProperty *prop;
597 
598     assert(!dev->id && !dev->realized);
599 
600     /*
601      * object_property_[try_]add_child() below will assert the device
602      * has no parent
603      */
604     if (id) {
605         prop = object_property_try_add_child(qdev_get_peripheral(), id,
606                                              OBJECT(dev), NULL);
607         if (prop) {
608             dev->id = id;
609         } else {
610             error_setg(errp, "Duplicate device ID '%s'", id);
611             g_free(id);
612             return NULL;
613         }
614     } else {
615         static int anon_count;
616         gchar *name = g_strdup_printf("device[%d]", anon_count++);
617         prop = object_property_add_child(qdev_get_peripheral_anon(), name,
618                                          OBJECT(dev));
619         g_free(name);
620     }
621 
622     return prop->name;
623 }
624 
625 DeviceState *qdev_device_add_from_qdict(const QDict *opts,
626                                         bool from_json, Error **errp)
627 {
628     ERRP_GUARD();
629     DeviceClass *dc;
630     const char *driver, *path;
631     char *id;
632     DeviceState *dev = NULL;
633     BusState *bus = NULL;
634     QDict *properties;
635 
636     driver = qdict_get_try_str(opts, "driver");
637     if (!driver) {
638         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "driver");
639         return NULL;
640     }
641 
642     /* find driver */
643     dc = qdev_get_device_class(&driver, errp);
644     if (!dc) {
645         return NULL;
646     }
647 
648     /* find bus */
649     path = qdict_get_try_str(opts, "bus");
650     if (path != NULL) {
651         bus = qbus_find(path, errp);
652         if (!bus) {
653             return NULL;
654         }
655         if (!object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(bus), dc->bus_type)) {
656             error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' can't go on %s bus",
657                        driver, object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus)));
658             return NULL;
659         }
660     } else if (dc->bus_type != NULL) {
661         bus = qbus_find_recursive(sysbus_get_default(), NULL, dc->bus_type);
662         if (!bus || qbus_is_full(bus)) {
663             error_setg(errp, "No '%s' bus found for device '%s'",
664                        dc->bus_type, driver);
665             return NULL;
666         }
667     }
668 
669     if (qdev_should_hide_device(opts, from_json, errp)) {
670         if (bus && !qbus_is_hotpluggable(bus)) {
671             error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' does not support hotplugging",
672                        bus->name);
673         }
674         return NULL;
675     } else if (*errp) {
676         return NULL;
677     }
678 
679     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_READY) && bus && !qbus_is_hotpluggable(bus)) {
680         error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' does not support hotplugging", bus->name);
681         return NULL;
682     }
683 
684     if (migration_is_running()) {
685         error_setg(errp, "device_add not allowed while migrating");
686         return NULL;
687     }
688 
689     /* create device */
690     dev = qdev_new(driver);
691 
692     /* Check whether the hotplug is allowed by the machine */
693     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_READY)) {
694         if (!qdev_hotplug_allowed(dev, errp)) {
695             goto err_del_dev;
696         }
697 
698         if (!bus && !qdev_get_machine_hotplug_handler(dev)) {
699             /* No bus, no machine hotplug handler --> device is not hotpluggable */
700             error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' can not be hotplugged on this machine",
701                        driver);
702             goto err_del_dev;
703         }
704     }
705 
706     /*
707      * set dev's parent and register its id.
708      * If it fails it means the id is already taken.
709      */
710     id = g_strdup(qdict_get_try_str(opts, "id"));
711     if (!qdev_set_id(dev, id, errp)) {
712         goto err_del_dev;
713     }
714 
715     /* set properties */
716     properties = qdict_clone_shallow(opts);
717     qdict_del(properties, "driver");
718     qdict_del(properties, "bus");
719     qdict_del(properties, "id");
720 
721     object_set_properties_from_keyval(&dev->parent_obj, properties, from_json,
722                                       errp);
723     qobject_unref(properties);
724     if (*errp) {
725         goto err_del_dev;
726     }
727 
728     if (!qdev_realize(dev, bus, errp)) {
729         goto err_del_dev;
730     }
731     return dev;
732 
733 err_del_dev:
734     if (dev) {
735         object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
736         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
737     }
738     return NULL;
739 }
740 
741 /* Takes ownership of @opts on success */
742 DeviceState *qdev_device_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
743 {
744     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
745     DeviceState *ret;
746 
747     ret = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(qdict, false, errp);
748     if (ret) {
749         qemu_opts_del(opts);
750     }
751     qobject_unref(qdict);
752     return ret;
753 }
754 
755 #define qdev_printf(fmt, ...) monitor_printf(mon, "%*s" fmt, indent, "", ## __VA_ARGS__)
756 
757 static void qdev_print_props(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, DeviceClass *dc,
758                              int indent)
759 {
760     for (int i = 0, n = dc->props_count_; i < n; ++i) {
761         const Property *prop = &dc->props_[i];
762         char *value;
763         char *legacy_name = g_strdup_printf("legacy-%s", prop->name);
764 
765         if (object_property_get_type(OBJECT(dev), legacy_name, NULL)) {
766             value = object_property_get_str(OBJECT(dev), legacy_name, NULL);
767         } else {
768             value = object_property_print(OBJECT(dev), prop->name, true,
769                                           NULL);
770         }
771         g_free(legacy_name);
772 
773         if (!value) {
774             continue;
775         }
776         qdev_printf("%s = %s\n", prop->name,
777                     *value ? value : "<null>");
778         g_free(value);
779     }
780 }
781 
782 static void bus_print_dev(BusState *bus, Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
783 {
784     BusClass *bc = BUS_GET_CLASS(bus);
785 
786     if (bc->print_dev) {
787         bc->print_dev(mon, dev, indent);
788     }
789 }
790 
791 static void qdev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
792 {
793     ObjectClass *class;
794     NamedGPIOList *ngl;
795     NamedClockList *ncl;
796 
797     QLIST_FOREACH(ngl, &dev->gpios, node) {
798         if (ngl->num_in) {
799             qdev_printf("gpio-in \"%s\" %d\n", ngl->name ? ngl->name : "",
800                         ngl->num_in);
801         }
802         if (ngl->num_out) {
803             qdev_printf("gpio-out \"%s\" %d\n", ngl->name ? ngl->name : "",
804                         ngl->num_out);
805         }
806     }
807     QLIST_FOREACH(ncl, &dev->clocks, node) {
808         g_autofree char *freq_str = clock_display_freq(ncl->clock);
809         qdev_printf("clock-%s%s \"%s\" freq_hz=%s\n",
810                     ncl->output ? "out" : "in",
811                     ncl->alias ? " (alias)" : "",
812                     ncl->name, freq_str);
813     }
814     class = object_get_class(OBJECT(dev));
815     do {
816         qdev_print_props(mon, dev, DEVICE_CLASS(class), indent);
817         class = object_class_get_parent(class);
818     } while (class != object_class_by_name(TYPE_DEVICE));
819     bus_print_dev(dev->parent_bus, mon, dev, indent);
820 }
821 
822 static void qbus_print(Monitor *mon, BusState *bus, int indent, bool details)
823 {
824     BusChild *kid;
825 
826     qdev_printf("bus: %s\n", bus->name);
827     indent += 2;
828     qdev_printf("type %s\n", object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus)));
829     QTAILQ_FOREACH(kid, &bus->children, sibling) {
830         BusState *child_bus;
831         DeviceState *dev = kid->child;
832         qdev_printf("dev: %s, id \"%s\"\n", object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)),
833                     dev->id ? dev->id : "");
834         if (details) {
835             qdev_print(mon, dev, indent + 2);
836         }
837         QLIST_FOREACH(child_bus, &dev->child_bus, sibling) {
838             qbus_print(mon, child_bus, indent + 2, details);
839         }
840     }
841 }
842 #undef qdev_printf
843 
844 void hmp_info_qtree(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
845 {
846     bool details = !qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "brief", false);
847 
848     if (sysbus_get_default()) {
849         qbus_print(mon, sysbus_get_default(), 0, details);
850     }
851 }
852 
853 void hmp_info_qdm(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
854 {
855     qdev_print_devinfos(true);
856 }
857 
858 void qmp_device_add(QDict *qdict, QObject **ret_data, Error **errp)
859 {
860     DeviceState *dev;
861 
862     dev = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(qdict, true, errp);
863     if (!dev) {
864         /*
865          * Drain all pending RCU callbacks. This is done because
866          * some bus related operations can delay a device removal
867          * (in this case this can happen if device is added and then
868          * removed due to a configuration error)
869          * to a RCU callback, but user might expect that this interface
870          * will finish its job completely once qmp command returns result
871          * to the user
872          */
873         drain_call_rcu();
874     }
875     object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
876 }
877 
878 /*
879  * Note that creating new APIs using error classes other than GenericError is
880  * not recommended. Set use_generic_error=true for new interfaces.
881  */
882 static DeviceState *find_device_state(const char *id, bool use_generic_error,
883                                       Error **errp)
884 {
885     Object *obj = object_resolve_path_at(qdev_get_peripheral(), id);
886     DeviceState *dev;
887 
888     if (!obj) {
889         error_set(errp,
890                   (use_generic_error ?
891                    ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR : ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND),
892                   "Device '%s' not found", id);
893         return NULL;
894     }
895 
896     dev = (DeviceState *)object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_DEVICE);
897     if (!dev) {
898         error_setg(errp, "%s is not a device", id);
899         return NULL;
900     }
901 
902     return dev;
903 }
904 
905 void qdev_unplug(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
906 {
907     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
908     HotplugHandler *hotplug_ctrl;
909     HotplugHandlerClass *hdc;
910     Error *local_err = NULL;
911 
912     if (qdev_unplug_blocked(dev, errp)) {
913         return;
914     }
915 
916     if (dev->parent_bus && !qbus_is_hotpluggable(dev->parent_bus)) {
917         error_setg(errp, "Bus '%s' does not support hotplugging",
918                    dev->parent_bus->name);
919         return;
920     }
921 
922     if (!dc->hotpluggable) {
923         error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' does not support hotplugging",
924                    object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
925         return;
926     }
927 
928     if (migration_is_running() && !dev->allow_unplug_during_migration) {
929         error_setg(errp, "device_del not allowed while migrating");
930         return;
931     }
932 
933     qdev_hot_removed = true;
934 
935     hotplug_ctrl = qdev_get_hotplug_handler(dev);
936     /* hotpluggable device MUST have HotplugHandler, if it doesn't
937      * then something is very wrong with it */
938     g_assert(hotplug_ctrl);
939 
940     /* If device supports async unplug just request it to be done,
941      * otherwise just remove it synchronously */
942     hdc = HOTPLUG_HANDLER_GET_CLASS(hotplug_ctrl);
943     if (hdc->unplug_request) {
944         hotplug_handler_unplug_request(hotplug_ctrl, dev, &local_err);
945     } else {
946         hotplug_handler_unplug(hotplug_ctrl, dev, &local_err);
947         if (!local_err) {
948             object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
949         }
950     }
951     error_propagate(errp, local_err);
952 }
953 
954 void qmp_device_del(const char *id, Error **errp)
955 {
956     DeviceState *dev = find_device_state(id, false, errp);
957     if (dev != NULL) {
958         if (dev->pending_deleted_event &&
959             (dev->pending_deleted_expires_ms == 0 ||
960              dev->pending_deleted_expires_ms > qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL))) {
961             error_setg(errp, "Device %s is already in the "
962                              "process of unplug", id);
963             return;
964         }
965 
966         qdev_unplug(dev, errp);
967     }
968 }
969 
970 int qdev_sync_config(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
971 {
972     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
973 
974     if (!dc->sync_config) {
975         error_setg(errp, "device-sync-config is not supported for '%s'",
976                    object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
977         return -ENOTSUP;
978     }
979 
980     return dc->sync_config(dev, errp);
981 }
982 
983 void qmp_device_sync_config(const char *id, Error **errp)
984 {
985     DeviceState *dev;
986 
987     /*
988      * During migration there is a race between syncing`configuration
989      * and migrating it (if migrate first, that target would get
990      * outdated version), so let's just not allow it.
991      */
992 
993     if (migration_is_running()) {
994         error_setg(errp, "Config synchronization is not allowed "
995                    "during migration");
996         return;
997     }
998 
999     dev = find_device_state(id, true, errp);
1000     if (!dev) {
1001         return;
1002     }
1003 
1004     qdev_sync_config(dev, errp);
1005 }
1006 
1007 void hmp_device_add(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
1008 {
1009     Error *err = NULL;
1010     QemuOpts *opts;
1011     DeviceState *dev;
1012 
1013     opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(qemu_find_opts("device"), qdict, &err);
1014     if (!opts) {
1015         goto out;
1016     }
1017     if (qdev_device_help(opts)) {
1018         qemu_opts_del(opts);
1019         return;
1020     }
1021     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, &err);
1022     if (!dev) {
1023         /*
1024          * Drain all pending RCU callbacks. This is done because
1025          * some bus related operations can delay a device removal
1026          * (in this case this can happen if device is added and then
1027          * removed due to a configuration error)
1028          * to a RCU callback, but user might expect that this interface
1029          * will finish its job completely once qmp command returns result
1030          * to the user
1031          */
1032         drain_call_rcu();
1033 
1034         qemu_opts_del(opts);
1035     }
1036     object_unref(dev);
1037 out:
1038     hmp_handle_error(mon, err);
1039 }
1040 
1041 void hmp_device_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
1042 {
1043     const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
1044     Error *err = NULL;
1045 
1046     qmp_device_del(id, &err);
1047     hmp_handle_error(mon, err);
1048 }
1049 
1050 void device_add_completion(ReadLineState *rs, int nb_args, const char *str)
1051 {
1052     GSList *list, *elt;
1053     size_t len;
1054 
1055     if (nb_args != 2) {
1056         return;
1057     }
1058 
1059     len = strlen(str);
1060     readline_set_completion_index(rs, len);
1061     list = elt = object_class_get_list(TYPE_DEVICE, false);
1062     while (elt) {
1063         DeviceClass *dc = OBJECT_CLASS_CHECK(DeviceClass, elt->data,
1064                                              TYPE_DEVICE);
1065 
1066         if (dc->user_creatable) {
1067             readline_add_completion_of(rs, str,
1068                                 object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(dc)));
1069         }
1070         elt = elt->next;
1071     }
1072     g_slist_free(list);
1073 }
1074 
1075 static int qdev_add_hotpluggable_device(Object *obj, void *opaque)
1076 {
1077     GSList **list = opaque;
1078     DeviceState *dev = (DeviceState *)object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_DEVICE);
1079 
1080     if (dev == NULL) {
1081         return 0;
1082     }
1083 
1084     if (dev->realized && object_property_get_bool(obj, "hotpluggable", NULL)) {
1085         *list = g_slist_append(*list, dev);
1086     }
1087 
1088     return 0;
1089 }
1090 
1091 static GSList *qdev_build_hotpluggable_device_list(Object *peripheral)
1092 {
1093     GSList *list = NULL;
1094 
1095     object_child_foreach(peripheral, qdev_add_hotpluggable_device, &list);
1096 
1097     return list;
1098 }
1099 
1100 static void peripheral_device_del_completion(ReadLineState *rs,
1101                                              const char *str)
1102 {
1103     Object *peripheral = machine_get_container("peripheral");
1104     GSList *list, *item;
1105 
1106     list = qdev_build_hotpluggable_device_list(peripheral);
1107     if (!list) {
1108         return;
1109     }
1110 
1111     for (item = list; item; item = g_slist_next(item)) {
1112         DeviceState *dev = item->data;
1113 
1114         if (dev->id) {
1115             readline_add_completion_of(rs, str, dev->id);
1116         }
1117     }
1118 
1119     g_slist_free(list);
1120 }
1121 
1122 void device_del_completion(ReadLineState *rs, int nb_args, const char *str)
1123 {
1124     if (nb_args != 2) {
1125         return;
1126     }
1127 
1128     readline_set_completion_index(rs, strlen(str));
1129     peripheral_device_del_completion(rs, str);
1130 }
1131 
1132 BlockBackend *blk_by_qdev_id(const char *id, Error **errp)
1133 {
1134     DeviceState *dev;
1135     BlockBackend *blk;
1136 
1137     GLOBAL_STATE_CODE();
1138 
1139     dev = find_device_state(id, false, errp);
1140     if (dev == NULL) {
1141         return NULL;
1142     }
1143 
1144     blk = blk_by_dev(dev);
1145     if (!blk) {
1146         error_setg(errp, "Device does not have a block device backend");
1147     }
1148     return blk;
1149 }
1150 
1151 QemuOptsList qemu_device_opts = {
1152     .name = "device",
1153     .implied_opt_name = "driver",
1154     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_device_opts.head),
1155     .desc = {
1156         /*
1157          * no elements => accept any
1158          * sanity checking will happen later
1159          * when setting device properties
1160          */
1161         { /* end of list */ }
1162     },
1163 };
1164 
1165 QemuOptsList qemu_global_opts = {
1166     .name = "global",
1167     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_global_opts.head),
1168     .desc = {
1169         {
1170             .name = "driver",
1171             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1172         },{
1173             .name = "property",
1174             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1175         },{
1176             .name = "value",
1177             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1178         },
1179         { /* end of list */ }
1180     },
1181 };
1182 
1183 int qemu_global_option(const char *str)
1184 {
1185     char driver[64], property[64];
1186     QemuOpts *opts;
1187     int rc, offset;
1188 
1189     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.=].%63[^=]%n", driver, property, &offset);
1190     if (rc == 2 && str[offset] == '=') {
1191         opts = qemu_opts_create(&qemu_global_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
1192         qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", driver, &error_abort);
1193         qemu_opt_set(opts, "property", property, &error_abort);
1194         qemu_opt_set(opts, "value", str + offset + 1, &error_abort);
1195         return 0;
1196     }
1197 
1198     opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_global_opts, str, false);
1199     if (!opts) {
1200         return -1;
1201     }
1202     if (!qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver")
1203         || !qemu_opt_get(opts, "property")
1204         || !qemu_opt_get(opts, "value")) {
1205         error_report("options 'driver', 'property', and 'value'"
1206                      " are required");
1207         return -1;
1208     }
1209 
1210     return 0;
1211 }
1212 
1213 bool qmp_command_available(const QmpCommand *cmd, Error **errp)
1214 {
1215     if (!phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_READY) &&
1216         !(cmd->options & QCO_ALLOW_PRECONFIG)) {
1217         error_setg(errp, "The command '%s' is permitted only after machine initialization has completed",
1218                    cmd->name);
1219         return false;
1220     }
1221     return true;
1222 }
1223