1HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi 2HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and 3HXCOMM discarded from C version 4HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask) is used to 5HXCOMM construct option structures, enums and help message for specified 6HXCOMM architectures. 7HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C 8 9DEFHEADING(Standard options:) 10STEXI 11@table @option 12ETEXI 13 14DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, 15 "-h or -help display this help and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 16STEXI 17@item -h 18@findex -h 19Display help and exit 20ETEXI 21 22DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version, 23 "-version display version information and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 24STEXI 25@item -version 26@findex -version 27Display version information and exit 28ETEXI 29 30DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M, 31 "-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 32STEXI 33@item -M @var{machine} 34@findex -M 35Select the emulated @var{machine} (@code{-M ?} for list) 36ETEXI 37 38DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu, 39 "-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 40STEXI 41@item -cpu @var{model} 42@findex -cpu 43Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection) 44ETEXI 45 46DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp, 47 "-smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n" 48 " set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n" 49 " maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including\n" 50 " offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n" 51 " cores= number of CPU cores on one socket\n" 52 " threads= number of threads on one CPU core\n" 53 " sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system\n", 54 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 55STEXI 56@item -smp @var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}] 57@findex -smp 58Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255 59CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs 60to 4. 61For the PC target, the number of @var{cores} per socket, the number 62of @var{threads} per cores and the total number of @var{sockets} can be 63specified. Missing values will be computed. If any on the three values is 64given, the total number of CPUs @var{n} can be omitted. @var{maxcpus} 65specifies the maximum number of hotpluggable CPUs. 66ETEXI 67 68DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa, 69 "-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 70STEXI 71@item -numa @var{opts} 72@findex -numa 73Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If mem and cpus are omitted, resources 74are split equally. 75ETEXI 76 77DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda, 78 "-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 79DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 80STEXI 81@item -fda @var{file} 82@item -fdb @var{file} 83@findex -fda 84@findex -fdb 85Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can 86use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}). 87ETEXI 88 89DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda, 90 "-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 91DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 92DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc, 93 "-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 94DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 95STEXI 96@item -hda @var{file} 97@item -hdb @var{file} 98@item -hdc @var{file} 99@item -hdd @var{file} 100@findex -hda 101@findex -hdb 102@findex -hdc 103@findex -hdd 104Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}). 105ETEXI 106 107DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom, 108 "-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n", 109 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 110STEXI 111@item -cdrom @var{file} 112@findex -cdrom 113Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and 114@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by 115using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}). 116ETEXI 117 118DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive, 119 "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n" 120 " [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n" 121 " [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|unsafe][,format=f]\n" 122 " [,serial=s][,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]\n" 123 " [,readonly=on|off]\n" 124 " use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 125STEXI 126@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]] 127@findex -drive 128 129Define a new drive. Valid options are: 130 131@table @option 132@item file=@var{file} 133This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with 134this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it 135(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file"). 136@item if=@var{interface} 137This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected. 138Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio. 139@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit} 140These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and 141the unit id. 142@item index=@var{index} 143This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list 144of available connectors of a given interface type. 145@item media=@var{media} 146This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom. 147@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}] 148These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}. 149@item snapshot=@var{snapshot} 150@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}). 151@item cache=@var{cache} 152@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", "unsafe", or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data. 153@item aio=@var{aio} 154@var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO. 155@item format=@var{format} 156Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting 157the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting 158an untrusted format header. 159@item serial=@var{serial} 160This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device. 161@item addr=@var{addr} 162Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only). 163@end table 164 165By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device. This means that 166the host page cache will be used to read and write data but write notification 167will be sent to the guest only when the data has been reported as written by 168the storage subsystem. 169 170Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as the data is 171present in the host page cache. This is safe as long as you trust your host. 172If your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience data 173corruption. 174 175The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will 176attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory. QEMU may still perform 177an internal copy of the data. 178 179Some block drivers perform badly with @option{cache=writethrough}, most notably, 180qcow2. If performance is more important than correctness, 181@option{cache=writeback} should be used with qcow2. 182 183In case you don't care about data integrity over host failures, use 184cache=unsafe. This option tells qemu that it never needs to write any data 185to the disk but can instead keeps things in cache. If anything goes wrong, 186like your host losing power, the disk storage getting disconnected accidently, 187etc. you're image will most probably be rendered unusable. When using 188the @option{-snapshot} option, unsafe caching is always used. 189 190Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use: 191@example 192qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom 193@end example 194 195Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can 196use: 197@example 198qemu -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk 199qemu -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk 200qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk 201qemu -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk 202@end example 203 204You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0: 205@example 206qemu -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom 207@end example 208 209If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive: 210@example 211qemu -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom 212@end example 213 214You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0: 215@example 216qemu -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6 217@end example 218 219Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use: 220@example 221qemu -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy 222qemu -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy 223@end example 224 225By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically 226incremented: 227@example 228qemu -drive file=a -drive file=b" 229@end example 230is interpreted like: 231@example 232qemu -hda a -hdb b 233@end example 234ETEXI 235 236DEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set, 237 "-set group.id.arg=value\n" 238 " set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n" 239 " i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 240STEXI 241@item -set 242@findex -set 243TODO 244ETEXI 245 246DEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global, 247 "-global driver.property=value\n" 248 " set a global default for a driver property\n", 249 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 250STEXI 251@item -global 252@findex -global 253TODO 254ETEXI 255 256DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock, 257 "-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n", 258 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 259STEXI 260@item -mtdblock @var{file} 261@findex -mtdblock 262Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image. 263ETEXI 264 265DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd, 266 "-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 267STEXI 268@item -sd @var{file} 269@findex -sd 270Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image. 271ETEXI 272 273DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash, 274 "-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 275STEXI 276@item -pflash @var{file} 277@findex -pflash 278Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image. 279ETEXI 280 281DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot, 282 "-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n" 283 " 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n", 284 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 285STEXI 286@item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off] 287@findex -boot 288Specify boot order @var{drives} as a string of drive letters. Valid 289drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b 290(floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherboot 291from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. To apply a 292particular boot order only on the first startup, specify it via 293@option{once}. 294 295Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via @option{menu=on} as far 296as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot. 297 298@example 299# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk 300qemu -boot order=nc 301# boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot 302qemu -boot once=d 303@end example 304 305Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its 306use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions. 307ETEXI 308 309DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot, 310 "-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n", 311 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 312STEXI 313@item -snapshot 314@findex -snapshot 315Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, 316the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force 317the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}). 318ETEXI 319 320DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m, 321 "-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=" 322 stringify(DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE) "]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 323STEXI 324@item -m @var{megs} 325@findex -m 326Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB. Optionally, 327a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or 328gigabytes respectively. 329ETEXI 330 331DEF("mem-path", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mempath, 332 "-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 333STEXI 334@item -mem-path @var{path} 335Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in @var{path}. 336ETEXI 337 338#ifdef MAP_POPULATE 339DEF("mem-prealloc", 0, QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc, 340 "-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)\n", 341 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 342STEXI 343@item -mem-prealloc 344Preallocate memory when using -mem-path. 345ETEXI 346#endif 347 348DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k, 349 "-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n", 350 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 351STEXI 352@item -k @var{language} 353@findex -k 354Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for 355French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC 356keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC 357display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows 358hosts. 359 360The available layouts are: 361@example 362ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv 363da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th 364de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr 365@end example 366 367The default is @code{en-us}. 368ETEXI 369 370 371DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help, 372 "-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options\n", 373 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 374STEXI 375@item -audio-help 376@findex -audio-help 377Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable 378parameters. 379ETEXI 380 381DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw, 382 "-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n" 383 " and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n" 384 " use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards\n" 385 " use -soundhw all to enable all of them\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 386STEXI 387@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all 388@findex -soundhw 389Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all 390available sound hardware. 391 392@example 393qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img 394qemu -soundhw es1370 disk.img 395qemu -soundhw ac97 disk.img 396qemu -soundhw hda disk.img 397qemu -soundhw all disk.img 398qemu -soundhw ? 399@end example 400 401Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might 402require manually specifying clocking. 403 404@example 405modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000 406@end example 407ETEXI 408 409STEXI 410@end table 411ETEXI 412 413DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb, 414 "-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n", 415 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 416STEXI 417USB options: 418@table @option 419 420@item -usb 421@findex -usb 422Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon) 423ETEXI 424 425DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice, 426 "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n", 427 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 428STEXI 429 430@item -usbdevice @var{devname} 431@findex -usbdevice 432Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}. 433 434@table @option 435 436@item mouse 437Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated. 438 439@item tablet 440Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This 441means qemu is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the 442mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated. 443 444@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file} 445Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument 446will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy 447@code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header. 448 449@item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr} 450Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only). 451 452@item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id} 453Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id} 454(Linux only). 455 456@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev} 457Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the 458available devices. 459 460@item braille 461Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real 462or fake device. 463 464@item net:@var{options} 465Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols. 466 467@end table 468ETEXI 469 470DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device, 471 "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 472 " add device (based on driver)\n" 473 " prop=value,... sets driver properties\n" 474 " use -device ? to print all possible drivers\n" 475 " use -device driver,? to print all possible properties\n", 476 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 477STEXI 478@item -device @var{driver}[,@var{prop}[=@var{value}][,...]] 479@findex -device 480Add device @var{driver}. @var{prop}=@var{value} sets driver 481properties. Valid properties depend on the driver. To get help on 482possible drivers and properties, use @code{-device ?} and 483@code{-device @var{driver},?}. 484ETEXI 485 486DEFHEADING(File system options:) 487 488DEF("fsdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fsdev, 489 "-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=[mapped|passthrough|none]\n", 490 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 491 492STEXI 493 494The general form of a File system device option is: 495@table @option 496 497@item -fsdev @var{fstype} ,id=@var{id} [,@var{options}] 498@findex -fsdev 499Fstype is one of: 500@option{local}, 501The specific Fstype will determine the applicable options. 502 503Options to each backend are described below. 504 505@item -fsdev local ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} ,security_model=@var{security_model} 506 507Create a file-system-"device" for local-filesystem. 508 509@option{local} is only available on Linux. 510 511@option{path} specifies the path to be exported. @option{path} is required. 512 513@option{security_model} specifies the security model to be followed. 514@option{security_model} is required. 515 516@end table 517ETEXI 518 519DEFHEADING(Virtual File system pass-through options:) 520 521DEF("virtfs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs, 522 "-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped|passthrough|none]\n", 523 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 524 525STEXI 526 527The general form of a Virtual File system pass-through option is: 528@table @option 529 530@item -virtfs @var{fstype} [,@var{options}] 531@findex -virtfs 532Fstype is one of: 533@option{local}, 534The specific Fstype will determine the applicable options. 535 536Options to each backend are described below. 537 538@item -virtfs local ,path=@var{path} ,mount_tag=@var{mount_tag} ,security_model=@var{security_model} 539 540Create a Virtual file-system-pass through for local-filesystem. 541 542@option{local} is only available on Linux. 543 544@option{path} specifies the path to be exported. @option{path} is required. 545 546@option{security_model} specifies the security model to be followed. 547@option{security_model} is required. 548 549 550@option{mount_tag} specifies the tag with which the exported file is mounted. 551@option{mount_tag} is required. 552 553@end table 554ETEXI 555 556DEFHEADING() 557 558DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name, 559 "-name string1[,process=string2]\n" 560 " set the name of the guest\n" 561 " string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n", 562 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 563STEXI 564@item -name @var{name} 565@findex -name 566Sets the @var{name} of the guest. 567This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption. 568The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server. 569Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux. 570ETEXI 571 572DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid, 573 "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n" 574 " specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 575STEXI 576@item -uuid @var{uuid} 577@findex -uuid 578Set system UUID. 579ETEXI 580 581STEXI 582@end table 583ETEXI 584 585DEFHEADING() 586 587DEFHEADING(Display options:) 588 589STEXI 590@table @option 591ETEXI 592 593DEF("display", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_display, 594 "-display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off]\n" 595 " [,window_close=on|off]|curses|none|\n" 596 " vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]\n" 597 " select display type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 598STEXI 599@item -display @var{type} 600@findex -display 601Select type of display to use. This option is a replacement for the 602old style -sdl/-curses/... options. Valid values for @var{type} are 603@table @option 604@item sdl 605Display video output via SDL (usually in a separate graphics 606window; see the SDL documentation for other possibilities). 607@item curses 608Display video output via curses. For graphics device models which 609support a text mode, QEMU can display this output using a 610curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed when the graphics 611device is in graphical mode or if the graphics device does not support 612a text mode. Generally only the VGA device models support text mode. 613@item none 614Do not display video output. The guest will still see an emulated 615graphics card, but its output will not be displayed to the QEMU 616user. This option differs from the -nographic option in that it 617only affects what is done with video output; -nographic also changes 618the destination of the serial and parallel port data. 619@item vnc 620Start a VNC server on display <arg> 621@end table 622ETEXI 623 624DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic, 625 "-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n", 626 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 627STEXI 628@item -nographic 629@findex -nographic 630Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, 631you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple 632command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on 633the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel 634with a serial console. 635ETEXI 636 637DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses, 638 "-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n", 639 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 640STEXI 641@item -curses 642@findex curses 643Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, 644QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a 645curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode. 646ETEXI 647 648DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame, 649 "-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n", 650 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 651STEXI 652@item -no-frame 653@findex -no-frame 654Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole 655available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop 656workspace more convenient. 657ETEXI 658 659DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab, 660 "-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n", 661 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 662STEXI 663@item -alt-grab 664@findex -alt-grab 665Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). Note that this also 666affects the special keys (for fullscreen, monitor-mode switching, etc). 667ETEXI 668 669DEF("ctrl-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab, 670 "-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n", 671 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 672STEXI 673@item -ctrl-grab 674@findex -ctrl-grab 675Use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). Note that this also 676affects the special keys (for fullscreen, monitor-mode switching, etc). 677ETEXI 678 679DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit, 680 "-no-quit disable SDL window close capability\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 681STEXI 682@item -no-quit 683@findex -no-quit 684Disable SDL window close capability. 685ETEXI 686 687DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl, 688 "-sdl enable SDL\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 689STEXI 690@item -sdl 691@findex -sdl 692Enable SDL. 693ETEXI 694 695DEF("spice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_spice, 696 "-spice <args> enable spice\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 697STEXI 698@item -spice @var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]] 699@findex -spice 700Enable the spice remote desktop protocol. Valid options are 701 702@table @option 703 704@item port=<nr> 705Set the TCP port spice is listening on for plaintext channels. 706 707@item addr=<addr> 708Set the IP address spice is listening on. Default is any address. 709 710@item ipv4 711@item ipv6 712Force using the specified IP version. 713 714@item password=<secret> 715Set the password you need to authenticate. 716 717@item sasl 718Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the spice. 719The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the 720system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This 721is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an 722unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used 723to make it search alternate locations for the service config. 724While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), 725it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and 726'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This 727ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication 728credentials. 729 730@item disable-ticketing 731Allow client connects without authentication. 732 733@item disable-copy-paste 734Disable copy paste between the client and the guest. 735 736@item tls-port=<nr> 737Set the TCP port spice is listening on for encrypted channels. 738 739@item x509-dir=<dir> 740Set the x509 file directory. Expects same filenames as -vnc $display,x509=$dir 741 742@item x509-key-file=<file> 743@item x509-key-password=<file> 744@item x509-cert-file=<file> 745@item x509-cacert-file=<file> 746@item x509-dh-key-file=<file> 747The x509 file names can also be configured individually. 748 749@item tls-ciphers=<list> 750Specify which ciphers to use. 751 752@item tls-channel=[main|display|inputs|record|playback|tunnel] 753@item plaintext-channel=[main|display|inputs|record|playback|tunnel] 754Force specific channel to be used with or without TLS encryption. The 755options can be specified multiple times to configure multiple 756channels. The special name "default" can be used to set the default 757mode. For channels which are not explicitly forced into one mode the 758spice client is allowed to pick tls/plaintext as he pleases. 759 760@item image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off] 761Configure image compression (lossless). 762Default is auto_glz. 763 764@item jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always] 765@item zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always] 766Configure wan image compression (lossy for slow links). 767Default is auto. 768 769@item streaming-video=[off|all|filter] 770Configure video stream detection. Default is filter. 771 772@item agent-mouse=[on|off] 773Enable/disable passing mouse events via vdagent. Default is on. 774 775@item playback-compression=[on|off] 776Enable/disable audio stream compression (using celt 0.5.1). Default is on. 777 778@end table 779ETEXI 780 781DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait, 782 "-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n", 783 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 784STEXI 785@item -portrait 786@findex -portrait 787Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD). 788ETEXI 789 790DEF("rotate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rotate, 791 "-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)\n", 792 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 793STEXI 794@item -rotate 795@findex -rotate 796Rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD). 797ETEXI 798 799DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga, 800 "-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|none]\n" 801 " select video card type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 802STEXI 803@item -vga @var{type} 804@findex -vga 805Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are 806@table @option 807@item cirrus 808Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from 809Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal 810performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS. 811(This one is the default) 812@item std 813Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS 814supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want 815to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use 816this option. 817@item vmware 818VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently 819recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this 820card. 821@item qxl 822QXL paravirtual graphic card. It is VGA compatible (including VESA 8232.0 VBE support). Works best with qxl guest drivers installed though. 824Recommended choice when using the spice protocol. 825@item none 826Disable VGA card. 827@end table 828ETEXI 829 830DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen, 831 "-full-screen start in full screen\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 832STEXI 833@item -full-screen 834@findex -full-screen 835Start in full screen. 836ETEXI 837 838DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g , 839 "-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n", 840 QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC) 841STEXI 842@item -g @var{width}x@var{height}[x@var{depth}] 843@findex -g 844Set the initial graphical resolution and depth (PPC, SPARC only). 845ETEXI 846 847DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc , 848 "-vnc display start a VNC server on display\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 849STEXI 850@item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]] 851@findex -vnc 852Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, 853you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA 854display over the VNC session. It is very useful to enable the usb 855tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice 856tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k} 857parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid 858syntax for the @var{display} is 859 860@table @option 861 862@item @var{host}:@var{d} 863 864TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}. 865By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can 866be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host. 867 868@item unix:@var{path} 869 870Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the 871location of a unix socket to listen for connections on. 872 873@item none 874 875VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command 876can be used to later start the VNC server. 877 878@end table 879 880Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags 881separated by commas. Valid options are 882 883@table @option 884 885@item reverse 886 887Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The 888client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network 889connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument 890is a TCP port number, not a display number. 891 892@item password 893 894Require that password based authentication is used for client connections. 895The password must be set separately using the @code{change} command in the 896@ref{pcsys_monitor} 897 898@item tls 899 900Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This 901uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle 902attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the 903@option{x509} or @option{x509verify} options. 904 905@item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir} 906 907Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used 908for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate 909to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server 910to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following 911this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from. 912See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates. 913 914@item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir} 915 916Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used 917for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate 918to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate. 919The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate, 920and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is 921trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish 922to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The 923path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to 924be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating 925certificates. 926 927@item sasl 928 929Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server. 930The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the 931system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This 932is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an 933unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used 934to make it search alternate locations for the service config. 935While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), 936it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and 937'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This 938ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication 939credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using 940SASL authentication. 941 942@item acl 943 944Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate 945and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the 946certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like 947@code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is 948made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may 949include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}. 950When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be 951empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to 952use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be 953achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command. 954 955@item lossy 956 957Enable lossy compression methods (gradient, JPEG, ...). If this 958option is set, VNC client may receive lossy framebuffer updates 959depending on its encoding settings. Enabling this option can save 960a lot of bandwidth at the expense of quality. 961 962@item non-adaptive 963 964Disable adaptive encodings. Adaptive encodings are enabled by default. 965An adaptive encoding will try to detect frequently updated screen regions, 966and send updates in these regions using a lossy encoding (like JPEG). 967This can be really helpful to save bandwidth when playing videos. Disabling 968adaptive encodings allows to restore the original static behavior of encodings 969like Tight. 970 971@end table 972ETEXI 973 974STEXI 975@end table 976ETEXI 977 978DEFHEADING() 979 980DEFHEADING(i386 target only:) 981STEXI 982@table @option 983ETEXI 984 985DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack, 986 "-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n", 987 QEMU_ARCH_I386) 988STEXI 989@item -win2k-hack 990@findex -win2k-hack 991Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After 992Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option 993slows down the IDE transfers). 994ETEXI 995 996HXCOMM Deprecated by -rtc 997DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 998 999DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk, 1000 "-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n", 1001 QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1002STEXI 1003@item -no-fd-bootchk 1004@findex -no-fd-bootchk 1005Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may 1006be needed to boot from old floppy disks. 1007TODO: check reference to Bochs BIOS. 1008ETEXI 1009 1010DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi, 1011 "-no-acpi disable ACPI\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1012STEXI 1013@item -no-acpi 1014@findex -no-acpi 1015Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use 1016it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine 1017only). 1018ETEXI 1019 1020DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet, 1021 "-no-hpet disable HPET\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1022STEXI 1023@item -no-hpet 1024@findex -no-hpet 1025Disable HPET support. 1026ETEXI 1027 1028DEF("balloon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_balloon, 1029 "-balloon none disable balloon device\n" 1030 "-balloon virtio[,addr=str]\n" 1031 " enable virtio balloon device (default)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1032STEXI 1033@item -balloon none 1034@findex -balloon 1035Disable balloon device. 1036@item -balloon virtio[,addr=@var{addr}] 1037Enable virtio balloon device (default), optionally with PCI address 1038@var{addr}. 1039ETEXI 1040 1041DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable, 1042 "-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]\n" 1043 " ACPI table description\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1044STEXI 1045@item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...] 1046@findex -acpitable 1047Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files. 1048ETEXI 1049 1050DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios, 1051 "-smbios file=binary\n" 1052 " load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n" 1053 "-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]\n" 1054 " specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n" 1055 "-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" 1056 " [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n" 1057 " specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1058STEXI 1059@item -smbios file=@var{binary} 1060@findex -smbios 1061Load SMBIOS entry from binary file. 1062 1063@item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}] 1064@findex -smbios 1065Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields 1066 1067@item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}] [,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}] [,family=@var{str}] 1068Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields 1069ETEXI 1070 1071DEFHEADING() 1072STEXI 1073@end table 1074ETEXI 1075 1076DEFHEADING(Network options:) 1077STEXI 1078@table @option 1079ETEXI 1080 1081HXCOMM Legacy slirp options (now moved to -net user): 1082#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 1083DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1084DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1085DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1086#ifndef _WIN32 1087DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1088#endif 1089#endif 1090 1091DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net, 1092 "-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n" 1093 " create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n" 1094#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 1095 "-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=y|n]\n" 1096 " [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,tftp=dir][,bootfile=f]\n" 1097 " [,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]" 1098#ifndef _WIN32 1099 "[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n" 1100#endif 1101 " connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n', configure its\n" 1102 " DHCP server and enabled optional services\n" 1103#endif 1104#ifdef _WIN32 1105 "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n" 1106 " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n" 1107#else 1108 "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off][,vhostfd=h][,vhostforce=on|off]\n" 1109 " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the\n" 1110 " network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n" 1111 " and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n" 1112 " use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution\n" 1113 " use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n" 1114 " use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n" 1115 " default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')\n" 1116 " use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n" 1117 " use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition\n" 1118 " use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator\n" 1119 " (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)\n" 1120 " use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests\n" 1121 " use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device\n" 1122#endif 1123 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n" 1124 " connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection\n" 1125 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]\n" 1126 " connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port\n" 1127 " use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from\n" 1128#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 1129 "-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n" 1130 " connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running\n" 1131 " on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n" 1132 " Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n" 1133 " ownership and permissions for communication port.\n" 1134#endif 1135 "-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n" 1136 " dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n" 1137 "-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option\n" 1138 " is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1139DEF("netdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_netdev, 1140 "-netdev [" 1141#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 1142 "user|" 1143#endif 1144 "tap|" 1145#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 1146 "vde|" 1147#endif 1148 "socket],id=str[,option][,option][,...]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1149STEXI 1150@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}] [,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}] 1151@findex -net 1152Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} 1153= 0 is the default). The NIC is an e1000 by default on the PC 1154target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{mac}, the 1155device address set to @var{addr} (PCI cards only), 1156and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands. 1157Optionally, for PCI cards, you can specify the number @var{v} of MSI-X vectors 1158that the card should have; this option currently only affects virtio cards; set 1159@var{v} = 0 to disable MSI-X. If no @option{-net} option is specified, a single 1160NIC is created. Qemu can emulate several different models of network card. 1161Valid values for @var{type} are 1162@code{virtio}, @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er}, 1163@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139}, 1164@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}. 1165Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use -net nic,model=? 1166for a list of available devices for your target. 1167 1168@item -net user[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...] 1169Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator 1170privilege to run. Valid options are: 1171 1172@table @option 1173@item vlan=@var{n} 1174Connect user mode stack to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default). 1175 1176@item name=@var{name} 1177Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands. 1178 1179@item net=@var{addr}[/@var{mask}] 1180Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify the netmask, 1181either in the form a.b.c.d or as number of valid top-most bits. Default is 118210.0.2.0/24. 1183 1184@item host=@var{addr} 1185Specify the guest-visible address of the host. Default is the 2nd IP in the 1186guest network, i.e. x.x.x.2. 1187 1188@item restrict=y|yes|n|no 1189If this option is enabled, the guest will be isolated, i.e. it will not be 1190able to contact the host and no guest IP packets will be routed over the host 1191to the outside. This option does not affect any explicitly set forwarding rules. 1192 1193@item hostname=@var{name} 1194Specifies the client hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server. 1195 1196@item dhcpstart=@var{addr} 1197Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can assign. Default 1198is the 15th to 31st IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.15 to x.x.x.31. 1199 1200@item dns=@var{addr} 1201Specify the guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver. The address must 1202be different from the host address. Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network, 1203i.e. x.x.x.3. 1204 1205@item tftp=@var{dir} 1206When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP 1207server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server. 1208The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command 1209@code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client). 1210 1211@item bootfile=@var{file} 1212When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP 1213filename. In conjunction with @option{tftp}, this can be used to network boot 1214a guest from a local directory. 1215 1216Example (using pxelinux): 1217@example 1218qemu -hda linux.img -boot n -net user,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0 1219@end example 1220 1221@item smb=@var{dir}[,smbserver=@var{addr}] 1222When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB 1223server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}} 1224transparently. The IP address of the SMB server can be set to @var{addr}. By 1225default the 4th IP in the guest network is used, i.e. x.x.x.4. 1226 1227In the guest Windows OS, the line: 1228@example 122910.0.2.4 smbserver 1230@end example 1231must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me) 1232or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000). 1233 1234Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}. 1235 1236Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in 1237@file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested successfully with smbd versions from 1238Red Hat 9, Fedora Core 3 and OpenSUSE 11.x. 1239 1240@item hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[@var{hostaddr}]:@var{hostport}-[@var{guestaddr}]:@var{guestport} 1241Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port @var{hostport} to 1242the guest IP address @var{guestaddr} on guest port @var{guestport}. If 1243@var{guestaddr} is not specified, its value is x.x.x.15 (default first address 1244given by the built-in DHCP server). By specifying @var{hostaddr}, the rule can 1245be bound to a specific host interface. If no connection type is set, TCP is 1246used. This option can be given multiple times. 1247 1248For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest 1249screen 0, use the following: 1250 1251@example 1252# on the host 1253qemu -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 [...] 1254# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server 1255xterm -display :1 1256@end example 1257 1258To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on 1259the guest, use the following: 1260 1261@example 1262# on the host 1263qemu -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 [...] 1264telnet localhost 5555 1265@end example 1266 1267Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you 1268connect to the guest telnet server. 1269 1270@item guestfwd=[tcp]:@var{server}:@var{port}-@var{dev} 1271Forward guest TCP connections to the IP address @var{server} on port @var{port} 1272to the character device @var{dev}. This option can be given multiple times. 1273 1274@end table 1275 1276Note: Legacy stand-alone options -tftp, -bootp, -smb and -redir are still 1277processed and applied to -net user. Mixing them with the new configuration 1278syntax gives undefined results. Their use for new applications is discouraged 1279as they will be removed from future versions. 1280 1281@item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}] [,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}] 1282Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}, use 1283the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script 1284@var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS 1285automatically provides one. @option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify 1286the handle of an already opened host TAP interface. The default network 1287configure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network 1288deconfigure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no} 1289or @option{downscript=no} to disable script execution. Example: 1290 1291@example 1292qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap 1293@end example 1294 1295More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP device) 1296@example 1297qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \ 1298 -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1 1299@end example 1300 1301@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}] [,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}] 1302 1303Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual 1304machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is 1305specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port} 1306(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to 1307another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h} 1308specifies an already opened TCP socket. 1309 1310Example: 1311@example 1312# launch a first QEMU instance 1313qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ 1314 -net socket,listen=:1234 1315# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0 1316# of the first instance 1317qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \ 1318 -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234 1319@end example 1320 1321@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]] 1322 1323Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual 1324machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for 1325every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}. 1326NOTES: 1327@enumerate 1328@item 1329Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming 1330correct multicast setup for these hosts). 1331@item 1332mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see 1333@url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}. 1334@item 1335Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket. 1336@end enumerate 1337 1338Example: 1339@example 1340# launch one QEMU instance 1341qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ 1342 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 1343# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus" 1344qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \ 1345 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 1346# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus" 1347qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \ 1348 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 1349@end example 1350 1351Example (User Mode Linux compat.): 1352@example 1353# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected 1354# is UML's default) 1355qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ 1356 -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102 1357# launch UML 1358/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast 1359@end example 1360 1361Example (send packets from host's 1.2.3.4): 1362@example 1363qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ 1364 -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4 1365@end example 1366 1367@item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}] [,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}] 1368Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and 1369listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname} 1370and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for 1371communication port. This option is available only if QEMU has been compiled 1372with vde support enabled. 1373 1374Example: 1375@example 1376# launch vde switch 1377vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch 1378# launch QEMU instance 1379qemu linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch 1380@end example 1381 1382@item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}] 1383Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default). 1384At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is 1385libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark. 1386 1387@item -net none 1388Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to 1389override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which 1390is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided. 1391 1392@end table 1393ETEXI 1394 1395DEFHEADING() 1396 1397DEFHEADING(Character device options:) 1398 1399DEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev, 1400 "-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1401 "-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=host[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay]\n" 1402 " [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,mux=on|off] (tcp)\n" 1403 "-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet],[mux=on|off] (unix)\n" 1404 "-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]\n" 1405 " [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]\n" 1406 "-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1407 "-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n" 1408 " [,mux=on|off]\n" 1409 "-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1410 "-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1411#ifdef _WIN32 1412 "-chardev console,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1413 "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1414#else 1415 "-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1416 "-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off]\n" 1417#endif 1418#ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI 1419 "-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1420#endif 1421#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \ 1422 || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) 1423 "-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1424#endif 1425#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) 1426 "-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1427#endif 1428#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE) 1429 "-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]\n" 1430#endif 1431 , QEMU_ARCH_ALL 1432) 1433 1434STEXI 1435 1436The general form of a character device option is: 1437@table @option 1438 1439@item -chardev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,mux=on|off] [,@var{options}] 1440@findex -chardev 1441Backend is one of: 1442@option{null}, 1443@option{socket}, 1444@option{udp}, 1445@option{msmouse}, 1446@option{vc}, 1447@option{file}, 1448@option{pipe}, 1449@option{console}, 1450@option{serial}, 1451@option{pty}, 1452@option{stdio}, 1453@option{braille}, 1454@option{tty}, 1455@option{parport}, 1456@option{spicevmc}. 1457The specific backend will determine the applicable options. 1458 1459All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 characters long. 1460It is used to uniquely identify this device in other command line directives. 1461 1462A character device may be used in multiplexing mode by multiple front-ends. 1463The key sequence of @key{Control-a} and @key{c} will rotate the input focus 1464between attached front-ends. Specify @option{mux=on} to enable this mode. 1465 1466Options to each backend are described below. 1467 1468@item -chardev null ,id=@var{id} 1469A void device. This device will not emit any data, and will drop any data it 1470receives. The null backend does not take any options. 1471 1472@item -chardev socket ,id=@var{id} [@var{TCP options} or @var{unix options}] [,server] [,nowait] [,telnet] 1473 1474Create a two-way stream socket, which can be either a TCP or a unix socket. A 1475unix socket will be created if @option{path} is specified. Behaviour is 1476undefined if TCP options are specified for a unix socket. 1477 1478@option{server} specifies that the socket shall be a listening socket. 1479 1480@option{nowait} specifies that QEMU should not block waiting for a client to 1481connect to a listening socket. 1482 1483@option{telnet} specifies that traffic on the socket should interpret telnet 1484escape sequences. 1485 1486TCP and unix socket options are given below: 1487 1488@table @option 1489 1490@item TCP options: port=@var{port} [,host=@var{host}] [,to=@var{to}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] [,nodelay] 1491 1492@option{host} for a listening socket specifies the local address to be bound. 1493For a connecting socket species the remote host to connect to. @option{host} is 1494optional for listening sockets. If not specified it defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}. 1495 1496@option{port} for a listening socket specifies the local port to be bound. For a 1497connecting socket specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. 1498@option{port} can be given as either a port number or a service name. 1499@option{port} is required. 1500 1501@option{to} is only relevant to listening sockets. If it is specified, and 1502@option{port} cannot be bound, QEMU will attempt to bind to subsequent ports up 1503to and including @option{to} until it succeeds. @option{to} must be specified 1504as a port number. 1505 1506@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used. 1507If neither is specified the socket may use either protocol. 1508 1509@option{nodelay} disables the Nagle algorithm. 1510 1511@item unix options: path=@var{path} 1512 1513@option{path} specifies the local path of the unix socket. @option{path} is 1514required. 1515 1516@end table 1517 1518@item -chardev udp ,id=@var{id} [,host=@var{host}] ,port=@var{port} [,localaddr=@var{localaddr}] [,localport=@var{localport}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] 1519 1520Sends all traffic from the guest to a remote host over UDP. 1521 1522@option{host} specifies the remote host to connect to. If not specified it 1523defaults to @code{localhost}. 1524 1525@option{port} specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. @option{port} 1526is required. 1527 1528@option{localaddr} specifies the local address to bind to. If not specified it 1529defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}. 1530 1531@option{localport} specifies the local port to bind to. If not specified any 1532available local port will be used. 1533 1534@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used. 1535If neither is specified the device may use either protocol. 1536 1537@item -chardev msmouse ,id=@var{id} 1538 1539Forward QEMU's emulated msmouse events to the guest. @option{msmouse} does not 1540take any options. 1541 1542@item -chardev vc ,id=@var{id} [[,width=@var{width}] [,height=@var{height}]] [[,cols=@var{cols}] [,rows=@var{rows}]] 1543 1544Connect to a QEMU text console. @option{vc} may optionally be given a specific 1545size. 1546 1547@option{width} and @option{height} specify the width and height respectively of 1548the console, in pixels. 1549 1550@option{cols} and @option{rows} specify that the console be sized to fit a text 1551console with the given dimensions. 1552 1553@item -chardev file ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1554 1555Log all traffic received from the guest to a file. 1556 1557@option{path} specifies the path of the file to be opened. This file will be 1558created if it does not already exist, and overwritten if it does. @option{path} 1559is required. 1560 1561@item -chardev pipe ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1562 1563Create a two-way connection to the guest. The behaviour differs slightly between 1564Windows hosts and other hosts: 1565 1566On Windows, a single duplex pipe will be created at 1567@file{\\.pipe\@option{path}}. 1568 1569On other hosts, 2 pipes will be created called @file{@option{path}.in} and 1570@file{@option{path}.out}. Data written to @file{@option{path}.in} will be 1571received by the guest. Data written by the guest can be read from 1572@file{@option{path}.out}. QEMU will not create these fifos, and requires them to 1573be present. 1574 1575@option{path} forms part of the pipe path as described above. @option{path} is 1576required. 1577 1578@item -chardev console ,id=@var{id} 1579 1580Send traffic from the guest to QEMU's standard output. @option{console} does not 1581take any options. 1582 1583@option{console} is only available on Windows hosts. 1584 1585@item -chardev serial ,id=@var{id} ,path=@option{path} 1586 1587Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host. 1588 1589@option{serial} is 1590only available on Windows hosts. 1591 1592@option{path} specifies the name of the serial device to open. 1593 1594@item -chardev pty ,id=@var{id} 1595 1596Create a new pseudo-terminal on the host and connect to it. @option{pty} does 1597not take any options. 1598 1599@option{pty} is not available on Windows hosts. 1600 1601@item -chardev stdio ,id=@var{id} [,signal=on|off] 1602Connect to standard input and standard output of the qemu process. 1603 1604@option{signal} controls if signals are enabled on the terminal, that includes 1605exiting QEMU with the key sequence @key{Control-c}. This option is enabled by 1606default, use @option{signal=off} to disable it. 1607 1608@option{stdio} is not available on Windows hosts. 1609 1610@item -chardev braille ,id=@var{id} 1611 1612Connect to a local BrlAPI server. @option{braille} does not take any options. 1613 1614@item -chardev tty ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1615 1616Connect to a local tty device. 1617 1618@option{tty} is only available on Linux, Sun, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and 1619DragonFlyBSD hosts. 1620 1621@option{path} specifies the path to the tty. @option{path} is required. 1622 1623@item -chardev parport ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1624 1625@option{parport} is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD hosts. 1626 1627Connect to a local parallel port. 1628 1629@option{path} specifies the path to the parallel port device. @option{path} is 1630required. 1631 1632#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE) 1633@item -chardev spicevmc ,id=@var{id} ,debug=@var{debug}, name=@var{name} 1634 1635@option{debug} debug level for spicevmc 1636 1637@option{name} name of spice channel to connect to 1638 1639Connect to a spice virtual machine channel, such as vdiport. 1640#endif 1641 1642@end table 1643ETEXI 1644 1645DEFHEADING() 1646 1647DEFHEADING(Bluetooth(R) options:) 1648 1649DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \ 1650 "-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \ 1651 "-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \ 1652 " use host's HCI with the given name\n" \ 1653 "-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \ 1654 " emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \ 1655 "-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \ 1656 " add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \ 1657 "-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \ 1658 " emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n", 1659 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1660STEXI 1661@table @option 1662 1663@item -bt hci[...] 1664@findex -bt 1665Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI. -bt options 1666are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine type. For 1667example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built into it, only 1668the first @code{-bt hci[...]} option is valid and defines the HCI's 1669logic. The Transport Layer is decided by the machine type. Currently 1670the machines @code{n800} and @code{n810} have one HCI and all other 1671machines have none. 1672 1673@anchor{bt-hcis} 1674The following three types are recognized: 1675 1676@table @option 1677@item -bt hci,null 1678(default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal logic 1679and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events. 1680 1681@item -bt hci,host[:@var{id}] 1682(@code{bluez} only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events 1683to / from the physical HCI identified by the name @var{id} (default: 1684@code{hci0}) on the computer running QEMU. Only available on @code{bluez} 1685capable systems like Linux. 1686 1687@item -bt hci[,vlan=@var{n}] 1688Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the Bluetooth 1689scatternet @var{n} (default @code{0}). Similarly to @option{-net} 1690VLANs, devices inside a bluetooth network @var{n} can only communicate 1691with other devices in the same network (scatternet). 1692@end table 1693 1694@item -bt vhci[,vlan=@var{n}] 1695(Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet @var{n} (default 0) attached 1696to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target. This 1697allows the host and target machines to participate in a common scatternet 1698and communicate. Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed. Can 1699be used as following: 1700 1701@example 1702qemu [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5 1703@end example 1704 1705@item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}] 1706Emulate a bluetooth device @var{dev} and place it in network @var{n} 1707(default @code{0}). QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices 1708currently: 1709 1710@table @option 1711@item keyboard 1712Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile. 1713@end table 1714@end table 1715ETEXI 1716 1717DEFHEADING() 1718 1719DEFHEADING(Linux/Multiboot boot specific:) 1720STEXI 1721 1722When using these options, you can use a given Linux or Multiboot 1723kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful 1724for easier testing of various kernels. 1725 1726@table @option 1727ETEXI 1728 1729DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \ 1730 "-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1731STEXI 1732@item -kernel @var{bzImage} 1733@findex -kernel 1734Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. The kernel can be either a Linux kernel 1735or in multiboot format. 1736ETEXI 1737 1738DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \ 1739 "-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1740STEXI 1741@item -append @var{cmdline} 1742@findex -append 1743Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line 1744ETEXI 1745 1746DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \ 1747 "-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1748STEXI 1749@item -initrd @var{file} 1750@findex -initrd 1751Use @var{file} as initial ram disk. 1752 1753@item -initrd "@var{file1} arg=foo,@var{file2}" 1754 1755This syntax is only available with multiboot. 1756 1757Use @var{file1} and @var{file2} as modules and pass arg=foo as parameter to the 1758first module. 1759ETEXI 1760 1761STEXI 1762@end table 1763ETEXI 1764 1765DEFHEADING() 1766 1767DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:) 1768 1769STEXI 1770@table @option 1771ETEXI 1772 1773DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \ 1774 "-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n", 1775 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1776STEXI 1777@item -serial @var{dev} 1778@findex -serial 1779Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device 1780@var{dev}. The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and 1781@code{stdio} in non graphical mode. 1782 1783This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial 1784ports. 1785 1786Use @code{-serial none} to disable all serial ports. 1787 1788Available character devices are: 1789@table @option 1790@item vc[:@var{W}x@var{H}] 1791Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in pixel with 1792@example 1793vc:800x600 1794@end example 1795It is also possible to specify width or height in characters: 1796@example 1797vc:80Cx24C 1798@end example 1799@item pty 1800[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated) 1801@item none 1802No device is allocated. 1803@item null 1804void device 1805@item /dev/XXX 1806[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port 1807parameters are set according to the emulated ones. 1808@item /dev/parport@var{N} 1809[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port 1810@var{N}. Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used. 1811@item file:@var{filename} 1812Write output to @var{filename}. No character can be read. 1813@item stdio 1814[Unix only] standard input/output 1815@item pipe:@var{filename} 1816name pipe @var{filename} 1817@item COM@var{n} 1818[Windows only] Use host serial port @var{n} 1819@item udp:[@var{remote_host}]:@var{remote_port}[@@[@var{src_ip}]:@var{src_port}] 1820This implements UDP Net Console. 1821When @var{remote_host} or @var{src_ip} are not specified 1822they default to @code{0.0.0.0}. 1823When not using a specified @var{src_port} a random port is automatically chosen. 1824 1825If you just want a simple readonly console you can use @code{netcat} or 1826@code{nc}, by starting qemu with: @code{-serial udp::4555} and nc as: 1827@code{nc -u -l -p 4555}. Any time qemu writes something to that port it 1828will appear in the netconsole session. 1829 1830If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want to stop 1831and start qemu a lot of times, you should have qemu use the same 1832source port each time by using something like @code{-serial 1833udp::4555@@:4556} to qemu. Another approach is to use a patched 1834version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and receive 1835characters via udp. If you have a patched version of netcat which 1836activates telnet remote echo and single char transfer, then you can 1837use the following options to step up a netcat redirector to allow 1838telnet on port 5555 to access the qemu port. 1839@table @code 1840@item Qemu Options: 1841-serial udp::4555@@:4556 1842@item netcat options: 1843-u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T 1844@item telnet options: 1845localhost 5555 1846@end table 1847 1848@item tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,@var{server}][,nowait][,nodelay] 1849The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send the serial 1850I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a location. By default 1851the TCP Net Console is sent to @var{host} at the @var{port}. If you use 1852the @var{server} option QEMU will wait for a client socket application 1853to connect to the port before continuing, unless the @code{nowait} 1854option was specified. The @code{nodelay} option disables the Nagle buffering 1855algorithm. If @var{host} is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only 1856one TCP connection at a time is accepted. You can use @code{telnet} to 1857connect to the corresponding character device. 1858@table @code 1859@item Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444 1860-serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444 1861@item Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection 1862-serial tcp::4444,server 1863@item Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444 1864-serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server,nowait 1865@end table 1866 1867@item telnet:@var{host}:@var{port}[,server][,nowait][,nodelay] 1868The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The options 1869work the same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp}. The 1870difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or client using 1871telnet option negotiation. This will also allow you to send the 1872MAGIC_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that supports sending the break 1873sequence. Typically in unix telnet you do it with Control-] and then 1874type "send break" followed by pressing the enter key. 1875 1876@item unix:@var{path}[,server][,nowait] 1877A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The option works the 1878same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp} except the unix domain socket 1879@var{path} is used for connections. 1880 1881@item mon:@var{dev_string} 1882This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed onto 1883another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key sequence of 1884@key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}. See monitor access 1885@ref{pcsys_keys} in the -nographic section for more keys. 1886@var{dev_string} should be any one of the serial devices specified 1887above. An example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server 1888listening on port 4444 would be: 1889@table @code 1890@item -serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait 1891@end table 1892 1893@item braille 1894Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real 1895or fake device. 1896 1897@item msmouse 1898Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft protocol. 1899@end table 1900ETEXI 1901 1902DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \ 1903 "-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n", 1904 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1905STEXI 1906@item -parallel @var{dev} 1907@findex -parallel 1908Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device @var{dev} (same 1909devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, @file{/dev/parportN} can 1910be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host 1911parallel port. 1912 1913This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel 1914ports. 1915 1916Use @code{-parallel none} to disable all parallel ports. 1917ETEXI 1918 1919DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \ 1920 "-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n", 1921 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1922STEXI 1923@item -monitor @var{dev} 1924@findex -monitor 1925Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the 1926serial port). 1927The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in 1928non graphical mode. 1929ETEXI 1930DEF("qmp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp, \ 1931 "-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode\n", 1932 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1933STEXI 1934@item -qmp @var{dev} 1935@findex -qmp 1936Like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode. 1937ETEXI 1938 1939DEF("mon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mon, \ 1940 "-mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1941STEXI 1942@item -mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default] 1943@findex -mon 1944Setup monitor on chardev @var{name}. 1945ETEXI 1946 1947DEF("debugcon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_debugcon, \ 1948 "-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'\n", 1949 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1950STEXI 1951@item -debugcon @var{dev} 1952@findex -debugcon 1953Redirect the debug console to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the 1954serial port). The debug console is an I/O port which is typically port 19550xe9; writing to that I/O port sends output to this device. 1956The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in 1957non graphical mode. 1958ETEXI 1959 1960DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \ 1961 "-pidfile file write PID to 'file'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1962STEXI 1963@item -pidfile @var{file} 1964@findex -pidfile 1965Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU 1966from a script. 1967ETEXI 1968 1969DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \ 1970 "-singlestep always run in singlestep mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1971STEXI 1972@item -singlestep 1973@findex -singlestep 1974Run the emulation in single step mode. 1975ETEXI 1976 1977DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \ 1978 "-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n", 1979 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1980STEXI 1981@item -S 1982@findex -S 1983Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor). 1984ETEXI 1985 1986DEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \ 1987 "-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1988STEXI 1989@item -gdb @var{dev} 1990@findex -gdb 1991Wait for gdb connection on device @var{dev} (@pxref{gdb_usage}). Typical 1992connections will likely be TCP-based, but also UDP, pseudo TTY, or even 1993stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start qemu from 1994within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe: 1995@example 1996(gdb) target remote | exec qemu -gdb stdio ... 1997@end example 1998ETEXI 1999 2000DEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \ 2001 "-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT "\n", 2002 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2003STEXI 2004@item -s 2005@findex -s 2006Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234 2007(@pxref{gdb_usage}). 2008ETEXI 2009 2010DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \ 2011 "-d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use -d ? for a list of log items)\n", 2012 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2013STEXI 2014@item -d 2015@findex -d 2016Output log in /tmp/qemu.log 2017ETEXI 2018 2019DEF("D", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_D, \ 2020 "-D logfile output log to logfile (instead of the default /tmp/qemu.log)\n", 2021 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2022STEXI 2023@item -D 2024@findex -D 2025Output log in logfile instead of /tmp/qemu.log 2026ETEXI 2027 2028DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \ 2029 "-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \ 2030 " force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \ 2031 " translation (t=none or lba) (usually qemu can guess them)\n", 2032 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2033STEXI 2034@item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}] 2035@findex -hdachs 2036Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <= 2037@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS 2038translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess 2039all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk 2040images. 2041ETEXI 2042 2043DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \ 2044 "-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n", 2045 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2046STEXI 2047@item -L @var{path} 2048@findex -L 2049Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps. 2050ETEXI 2051 2052DEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \ 2053 "-bios file set the filename for the BIOS\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2054STEXI 2055@item -bios @var{file} 2056@findex -bios 2057Set the filename for the BIOS. 2058ETEXI 2059 2060DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \ 2061 "-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2062STEXI 2063@item -enable-kvm 2064@findex -enable-kvm 2065Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only available 2066if KVM support is enabled when compiling. 2067ETEXI 2068 2069DEF("machine", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_machine, \ 2070 "-machine accel=accel1[:accel2] use an accelerator (kvm,xen,tcg), default is tcg\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2071STEXI 2072@item -machine accel=@var{accels} 2073@findex -machine 2074This is use to enable an accelerator, in kvm,xen,tcg. 2075By default, it use only tcg. If there a more than one accelerator 2076specified, the next one is used if the first don't work. 2077ETEXI 2078 2079DEF("xen-domid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid, 2080 "-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2081DEF("xen-create", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_create, 2082 "-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend\n" 2083 " warning: should not be used when xend is in use\n", 2084 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2085DEF("xen-attach", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach, 2086 "-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain\n" 2087 " xend will use this when starting qemu\n", 2088 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2089STEXI 2090@item -xen-domid @var{id} 2091@findex -xen-domid 2092Specify xen guest domain @var{id} (XEN only). 2093@item -xen-create 2094@findex -xen-create 2095Create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend. 2096Warning: should not be used when xend is in use (XEN only). 2097@item -xen-attach 2098@findex -xen-attach 2099Attach to existing xen domain. 2100xend will use this when starting qemu (XEN only). 2101ETEXI 2102 2103DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \ 2104 "-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2105STEXI 2106@item -no-reboot 2107@findex -no-reboot 2108Exit instead of rebooting. 2109ETEXI 2110 2111DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \ 2112 "-no-shutdown stop before shutdown\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2113STEXI 2114@item -no-shutdown 2115@findex -no-shutdown 2116Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the emulation. 2117This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit changes to the 2118disk image. 2119ETEXI 2120 2121DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \ 2122 "-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \ 2123 " start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n", 2124 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2125STEXI 2126@item -loadvm @var{file} 2127@findex -loadvm 2128Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor) 2129ETEXI 2130 2131#ifndef _WIN32 2132DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \ 2133 "-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2134#endif 2135STEXI 2136@item -daemonize 2137@findex -daemonize 2138Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not detach from 2139standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on any of its devices. 2140This option is a useful way for external programs to launch QEMU without having 2141to cope with initialization race conditions. 2142ETEXI 2143 2144DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \ 2145 "-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n", 2146 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2147STEXI 2148@item -option-rom @var{file} 2149@findex -option-rom 2150Load the contents of @var{file} as an option ROM. 2151This option is useful to load things like EtherBoot. 2152ETEXI 2153 2154DEF("clock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_clock, \ 2155 "-clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.\n" \ 2156 " To see what timers are available use -clock ?\n", 2157 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2158STEXI 2159@item -clock @var{method} 2160@findex -clock 2161Force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers 2162are available use -clock ?. 2163ETEXI 2164 2165HXCOMM Options deprecated by -rtc 2166DEF("localtime", 0, QEMU_OPTION_localtime, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2167DEF("startdate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_startdate, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2168 2169DEF("rtc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rtc, \ 2170 "-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]\n" \ 2171 " set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)\n", 2172 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2173 2174STEXI 2175 2176@item -rtc [base=utc|localtime|@var{date}][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew] 2177@findex -rtc 2178Specify @option{base} as @code{utc} or @code{localtime} to let the RTC start at the current 2179UTC or local time, respectively. @code{localtime} is required for correct date in 2180MS-DOS or Windows. To start at a specific point in time, provide @var{date} in the 2181format @code{2006-06-17T16:01:21} or @code{2006-06-17}. The default base is UTC. 2182 2183By default the RTC is driven by the host system time. This allows to use the 2184RTC as accurate reference clock inside the guest, specifically if the host 2185time is smoothly following an accurate external reference clock, e.g. via NTP. 2186If you want to isolate the guest time from the host, even prevent it from 2187progressing during suspension, you can set @option{clock} to @code{vm} instead. 2188 2189Enable @option{driftfix} (i386 targets only) if you experience time drift problems, 2190specifically with Windows' ACPI HAL. This option will try to figure out how 2191many timer interrupts were not processed by the Windows guest and will 2192re-inject them. 2193ETEXI 2194 2195DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \ 2196 "-icount [N|auto]\n" \ 2197 " enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \ 2198 " instruction\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2199STEXI 2200@item -icount [@var{N}|auto] 2201@findex -icount 2202Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute one 2203instruction every 2^@var{N} ns of virtual time. If @code{auto} is specified 2204then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep virtual 2205time within a few seconds of real time. 2206 2207Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does not 2208provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain superscalar out of 2209order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The number of instructions 2210executed often has little or no correlation with actual performance. 2211ETEXI 2212 2213DEF("watchdog", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog, \ 2214 "-watchdog i6300esb|ib700\n" \ 2215 " enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]\n", 2216 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2217STEXI 2218@item -watchdog @var{model} 2219@findex -watchdog 2220Create a virtual hardware watchdog device. Once enabled (by a guest 2221action), the watchdog must be periodically polled by an agent inside 2222the guest or else the guest will be restarted. 2223 2224The @var{model} is the model of hardware watchdog to emulate. Choices 2225for model are: @code{ib700} (iBASE 700) which is a very simple ISA 2226watchdog with a single timer, or @code{i6300esb} (Intel 6300ESB I/O 2227controller hub) which is a much more featureful PCI-based dual-timer 2228watchdog. Choose a model for which your guest has drivers. 2229 2230Use @code{-watchdog ?} to list available hardware models. Only one 2231watchdog can be enabled for a guest. 2232ETEXI 2233 2234DEF("watchdog-action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action, \ 2235 "-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none\n" \ 2236 " action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n", 2237 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2238STEXI 2239@item -watchdog-action @var{action} 2240 2241The @var{action} controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer 2242expires. 2243The default is 2244@code{reset} (forcefully reset the guest). 2245Other possible actions are: 2246@code{shutdown} (attempt to gracefully shutdown the guest), 2247@code{poweroff} (forcefully poweroff the guest), 2248@code{pause} (pause the guest), 2249@code{debug} (print a debug message and continue), or 2250@code{none} (do nothing). 2251 2252Note that the @code{shutdown} action requires that the guest responds 2253to ACPI signals, which it may not be able to do in the sort of 2254situations where the watchdog would have expired, and thus 2255@code{-watchdog-action shutdown} is not recommended for production use. 2256 2257Examples: 2258 2259@table @code 2260@item -watchdog i6300esb -watchdog-action pause 2261@item -watchdog ib700 2262@end table 2263ETEXI 2264 2265DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \ 2266 "-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n", 2267 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2268STEXI 2269 2270@item -echr @var{numeric_ascii_value} 2271@findex -echr 2272Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when using 2273monitor and serial sharing. The default is @code{0x01} when using the 2274@code{-nographic} option. @code{0x01} is equal to pressing 2275@code{Control-a}. You can select a different character from the ascii 2276control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. For 2277instance you could use the either of the following to change the escape 2278character to Control-t. 2279@table @code 2280@item -echr 0x14 2281@item -echr 20 2282@end table 2283ETEXI 2284 2285DEF("virtioconsole", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtiocon, \ 2286 "-virtioconsole c\n" \ 2287 " set virtio console\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2288STEXI 2289@item -virtioconsole @var{c} 2290@findex -virtioconsole 2291Set virtio console. 2292 2293This option is maintained for backward compatibility. 2294 2295Please use @code{-device virtconsole} for the new way of invocation. 2296ETEXI 2297 2298DEF("show-cursor", 0, QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor, \ 2299 "-show-cursor show cursor\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2300STEXI 2301@item -show-cursor 2302@findex -show-cursor 2303Show cursor. 2304ETEXI 2305 2306DEF("tb-size", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tb_size, \ 2307 "-tb-size n set TB size\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2308STEXI 2309@item -tb-size @var{n} 2310@findex -tb-size 2311Set TB size. 2312ETEXI 2313 2314DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \ 2315 "-incoming p prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p\n", 2316 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2317STEXI 2318@item -incoming @var{port} 2319@findex -incoming 2320Prepare for incoming migration, listen on @var{port}. 2321ETEXI 2322 2323DEF("nodefaults", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults, \ 2324 "-nodefaults don't create default devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2325STEXI 2326@item -nodefaults 2327@findex -nodefaults 2328Don't create default devices. 2329ETEXI 2330 2331#ifndef _WIN32 2332DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \ 2333 "-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM\n", 2334 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2335#endif 2336STEXI 2337@item -chroot @var{dir} 2338@findex -chroot 2339Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified 2340directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas. 2341ETEXI 2342 2343#ifndef _WIN32 2344DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \ 2345 "-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n", 2346 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2347#endif 2348STEXI 2349@item -runas @var{user} 2350@findex -runas 2351Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, switching 2352to the specified user. 2353ETEXI 2354 2355DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env, 2356 "-prom-env variable=value\n" 2357 " set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n", 2358 QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC) 2359STEXI 2360@item -prom-env @var{variable}=@var{value} 2361@findex -prom-env 2362Set OpenBIOS nvram @var{variable} to given @var{value} (PPC, SPARC only). 2363ETEXI 2364DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting, 2365 "-semihosting semihosting mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K) 2366STEXI 2367@item -semihosting 2368@findex -semihosting 2369Semihosting mode (ARM, M68K only). 2370ETEXI 2371DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param, 2372 "-old-param old param mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM) 2373STEXI 2374@item -old-param 2375@findex -old-param (ARM) 2376Old param mode (ARM only). 2377ETEXI 2378 2379DEF("readconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_readconfig, 2380 "-readconfig <file>\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2381STEXI 2382@item -readconfig @var{file} 2383@findex -readconfig 2384Read device configuration from @var{file}. 2385ETEXI 2386DEF("writeconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig, 2387 "-writeconfig <file>\n" 2388 " read/write config file\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2389STEXI 2390@item -writeconfig @var{file} 2391@findex -writeconfig 2392Write device configuration to @var{file}. 2393ETEXI 2394DEF("nodefconfig", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefconfig, 2395 "-nodefconfig\n" 2396 " do not load default config files at startup\n", 2397 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2398STEXI 2399@item -nodefconfig 2400@findex -nodefconfig 2401Normally QEMU loads a configuration file from @var{sysconfdir}/qemu.conf and 2402@var{sysconfdir}/target-@var{ARCH}.conf on startup. The @code{-nodefconfig} 2403option will prevent QEMU from loading these configuration files at startup. 2404ETEXI 2405#ifdef CONFIG_SIMPLE_TRACE 2406DEF("trace", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_trace, 2407 "-trace\n" 2408 " Specify a trace file to log traces to\n", 2409 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2410STEXI 2411@item -trace 2412@findex -trace 2413Specify a trace file to log output traces to. 2414ETEXI 2415#endif 2416 2417HXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line! 2418STEXI 2419@end table 2420ETEXI 2421