13c95fdefSPeter MaydellHXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and rST. 23c95fdefSPeter MaydellHXCOMM Text between SRST and ERST is copied to the rST version and 33c95fdefSPeter MaydellHXCOMM discarded from C version. 4ad96090aSBlue SwirlHXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask) is used to 5ad96090aSBlue SwirlHXCOMM construct option structures, enums and help message for specified 6ad96090aSBlue SwirlHXCOMM architectures. 73c95fdefSPeter MaydellHXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both rST and C. 85824d651Sblueswir1 9de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Standard options:) 105824d651Sblueswir1 115824d651Sblueswir1DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, 12ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-h or -help display this help and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 13e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 14e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-h`` 15e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Display help and exit 16e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 175824d651Sblueswir1 189bd7e6d9SpbrookDEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version, 19ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-version display version information and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 20e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 21e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-version`` 22e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Display version information and exit 23e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 249bd7e6d9Spbrook 2580f52a66SJan KiszkaDEF("machine", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_machine, \ 2680f52a66SJan Kiszka "-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 27585f6036SPeter Maydell " selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)\n" 2880f52a66SJan Kiszka " property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator\n" 2974a414a1SReinoud Zandijk " supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)\n" 30d1048befSDon Slutz " vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)\n" 318490fc78SLuiz Capitulino " dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)\n" 32a52a7fdfSLe Tan " mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)\n" 332eb1cd07STony Krowiak " aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)\n" 349850c604SAlexander Graf " dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)\n" 3587252e1bSXiao Guangrong " suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)\n" 36902c053dSGreg Kurz " nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)\n" 37244b3f44STao Xu " memory-encryption=@var{} memory encryption object to use (default=none)\n" 388db0b204SIgor Mammedov " hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)\n" 3903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron " memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)\n" 4057702891SCédric Le Goater " cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]\n", 4180f52a66SJan Kiszka QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 42e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 43e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-machine [type=]name[,prop=value[,...]]`` 44e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Select the emulated machine by name. Use ``-machine help`` to list 45e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell available machines. 46e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 47e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For architectures which aim to support live migration compatibility 48e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell across releases, each release will introduce a new versioned machine 49e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell type. For example, the 2.8.0 release introduced machine types 50e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "pc-i440fx-2.8" and "pc-q35-2.8" for the x86\_64/i686 architectures. 51e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 52e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To allow live migration of guests from QEMU version 2.8.0, to QEMU 53e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell version 2.9.0, the 2.9.0 version must support the "pc-i440fx-2.8" 54e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and "pc-q35-2.8" machines too. To allow users live migrating VMs to 55e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell skip multiple intermediate releases when upgrading, new releases of 56e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU will support machine types from many previous versions. 57e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 58e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Supported machine properties are: 59e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 60e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``accel=accels1[:accels2[:...]]`` 61e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target 6274a414a1SReinoud Zandijk architecture, kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg can be available. 63e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell By default, tcg is used. If there is more than one accelerator 64e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, the next one is used if the previous one fails to 65e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell initialize. 66e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 67e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vmport=on|off|auto`` 68e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables emulation of VMWare IO port, for vmmouse etc. auto says 69e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to select the value based on accel. For accel=xen the default is 70e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell off otherwise the default is on. 71e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 72e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dump-guest-core=on|off`` 73e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Include guest memory in a core dump. The default is on. 74e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 75e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mem-merge=on|off`` 76e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables memory merge support. This feature, when 77e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supported by the host, de-duplicates identical memory pages 78e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell among VMs instances (enabled by default). 79e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 80e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``aes-key-wrap=on|off`` 81e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables AES key wrapping support on s390-ccw hosts. 82e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This feature controls whether AES wrapping keys will be created 83e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to allow execution of AES cryptographic functions. The default 84e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is on. 85e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 86e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dea-key-wrap=on|off`` 87e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables DEA key wrapping support on s390-ccw hosts. 88e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This feature controls whether DEA wrapping keys will be created 89e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to allow execution of DEA cryptographic functions. The default 90e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is on. 91e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 92e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``nvdimm=on|off`` 93e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables NVDIMM support. The default is off. 94e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 95e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``memory-encryption=`` 96e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Memory encryption object to use. The default is none. 97e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 98e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``hmat=on|off`` 99e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables ACPI Heterogeneous Memory Attribute Table 100e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (HMAT) support. The default is off. 1018db0b204SIgor Mammedov 1028db0b204SIgor Mammedov ``memory-backend='id'`` 1038db0b204SIgor Mammedov An alternative to legacy ``-mem-path`` and ``mem-prealloc`` options. 1048db0b204SIgor Mammedov Allows to use a memory backend as main RAM. 1058db0b204SIgor Mammedov 1068db0b204SIgor Mammedov For example: 1078db0b204SIgor Mammedov :: 10895355829SPeter Maydell 1098db0b204SIgor Mammedov -object memory-backend-file,id=pc.ram,size=512M,mem-path=/hugetlbfs,prealloc=on,share=on 1108db0b204SIgor Mammedov -machine memory-backend=pc.ram 1118db0b204SIgor Mammedov -m 512M 1128db0b204SIgor Mammedov 1138db0b204SIgor Mammedov Migration compatibility note: 11495355829SPeter Maydell 11595355829SPeter Maydell * as backend id one shall use value of 'default-ram-id', advertised by 1168db0b204SIgor Mammedov machine type (available via ``query-machines`` QMP command), if migration 1178db0b204SIgor Mammedov to/from old QEMU (<5.0) is expected. 11895355829SPeter Maydell * for machine types 4.0 and older, user shall 1198db0b204SIgor Mammedov use ``x-use-canonical-path-for-ramblock-id=off`` backend option 1208db0b204SIgor Mammedov if migration to/from old QEMU (<5.0) is expected. 12195355829SPeter Maydell 1228db0b204SIgor Mammedov For example: 1238db0b204SIgor Mammedov :: 12495355829SPeter Maydell 1258db0b204SIgor Mammedov -object memory-backend-ram,id=pc.ram,size=512M,x-use-canonical-path-for-ramblock-id=off 1268db0b204SIgor Mammedov -machine memory-backend=pc.ram 1278db0b204SIgor Mammedov -m 512M 12803b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 12903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron ``cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]`` 13003b39fcfSJonathan Cameron Define a CXL Fixed Memory Window (CFMW). 13103b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 13203b39fcfSJonathan Cameron Described in the CXL 2.0 ECN: CEDT CFMWS & QTG _DSM. 13303b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 13403b39fcfSJonathan Cameron They are regions of Host Physical Addresses (HPA) on a system which 13503b39fcfSJonathan Cameron may be interleaved across one or more CXL host bridges. The system 13603b39fcfSJonathan Cameron software will assign particular devices into these windows and 13703b39fcfSJonathan Cameron configure the downstream Host-managed Device Memory (HDM) decoders 13803b39fcfSJonathan Cameron in root ports, switch ports and devices appropriately to meet the 13903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron interleave requirements before enabling the memory devices. 14003b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 14103b39fcfSJonathan Cameron ``targets.X=target`` provides the mapping to CXL host bridges 1422cb40d44SStefan Weil which may be identified by the id provided in the -device entry. 14303b39fcfSJonathan Cameron Multiple entries are needed to specify all the targets when 14403b39fcfSJonathan Cameron the fixed memory window represents interleaved memory. X is the 14503b39fcfSJonathan Cameron target index from 0. 14603b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 14703b39fcfSJonathan Cameron ``size=size`` sets the size of the CFMW. This must be a multiple of 14803b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 256MiB. The region will be aligned to 256MiB but the location is 14903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron platform and configuration dependent. 15003b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 15103b39fcfSJonathan Cameron ``interleave-granularity=granularity`` sets the granularity of 15203b39fcfSJonathan Cameron interleave. Default 256KiB. Only 256KiB, 512KiB, 1024KiB, 2048KiB 15303b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 4096KiB, 8192KiB and 16384KiB granularities supported. 15403b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 15503b39fcfSJonathan Cameron Example: 15603b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 15703b39fcfSJonathan Cameron :: 15803b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 15903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron -machine cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=cxl.0,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=cxl.1,cxl-fmw.0.size=128G,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=512k 160e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 1615824d651Sblueswir1 162dfce81f1SSean ChristophersonDEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M, 16311058123SYang Zhong " sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid\n", 164dfce81f1SSean Christopherson QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 165dfce81f1SSean Christopherson 166dfce81f1SSean ChristophersonSRST 16711058123SYang Zhong``sgx-epc.0.memdev=@var{memid},sgx-epc.0.node=@var{numaid}`` 168dfce81f1SSean Christopherson Define an SGX EPC section. 169dfce81f1SSean ChristophersonERST 17080f52a66SJan Kiszka 1715824d651Sblueswir1DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu, 172585f6036SPeter Maydell "-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 173e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 174e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-cpu model`` 175e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Select CPU model (``-cpu help`` for list and additional feature 176e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell selection) 177e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 1785824d651Sblueswir1 1798d4e9146SKONRAD FredericDEF("accel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_accel, 180fe174132SPaolo Bonzini "-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 18174a414a1SReinoud Zandijk " select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)\n" 18246472d82SPaolo Bonzini " igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)\n" 18311bc4a13SPaolo Bonzini " kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)\n" 18423b0898eSPaolo Bonzini " kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes\n" 1853cfb0456SPeter Maydell " one-insn-per-tb=on|off (one guest instruction per TCG translation block)\n" 186a35b3e14SRichard Henderson " split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)\n" 187fe174132SPaolo Bonzini " tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)\n" 1882ea5cb0aSPeter Xu " dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)\n" 189e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang " notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)\n" 1900b3c5c81SEduardo Habkost " thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 191e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 192e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-accel name[,prop=value[,...]]`` 193e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target 19474a414a1SReinoud Zandijk architecture, kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg can be available. By 195e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default, tcg is used. If there is more than one accelerator 196e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, the next one is used if the previous one fails to 197e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell initialize. 198e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 199e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``igd-passthru=on|off`` 200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When Xen is in use, this option controls whether Intel 201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell integrated graphics devices can be passed through to the guest 202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default=off) 203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 204e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``kernel-irqchip=on|off|split`` 205e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Controls KVM in-kernel irqchip support. The default is full 206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell acceleration of the interrupt controllers. On x86, split irqchip 207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell reduces the kernel attack surface, at a performance cost for 208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell non-MSI interrupts. Disabling the in-kernel irqchip completely 209e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is not recommended except for debugging purposes. 210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``kvm-shadow-mem=size`` 212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Defines the size of the KVM shadow MMU. 213e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2143cfb0456SPeter Maydell ``one-insn-per-tb=on|off`` 2153cfb0456SPeter Maydell Makes the TCG accelerator put only one guest instruction into 2163cfb0456SPeter Maydell each translation block. This slows down emulation a lot, but 2173cfb0456SPeter Maydell can be useful in some situations, such as when trying to analyse 2183cfb0456SPeter Maydell the logs produced by the ``-d`` option. 2193cfb0456SPeter Maydell 220a35b3e14SRichard Henderson ``split-wx=on|off`` 221a35b3e14SRichard Henderson Controls the use of split w^x mapping for the TCG code generation 222a35b3e14SRichard Henderson buffer. Some operating systems require this to be enabled, and in 223a35b3e14SRichard Henderson such a case this will default on. On other operating systems, this 224a35b3e14SRichard Henderson will default off, but one may enable this for testing or debugging. 225a35b3e14SRichard Henderson 226e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tb-size=n`` 227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Controls the size (in MiB) of the TCG translation block cache. 228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``thread=single|multi`` 230e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Controls number of TCG threads. When the TCG is multi-threaded 231cba42d61SMichael Tokarev there will be one thread per vCPU therefore taking advantage of 232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell additional host cores. The default is to enable multi-threading 233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell where both the back-end and front-ends support it and no 234e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell incompatible TCG features have been enabled (e.g. 235e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell icount/replay). 2362ea5cb0aSPeter Xu 2372ea5cb0aSPeter Xu ``dirty-ring-size=n`` 2382ea5cb0aSPeter Xu When the KVM accelerator is used, it controls the size of the per-vCPU 2392ea5cb0aSPeter Xu dirty page ring buffer (number of entries for each vCPU). It should 2402ea5cb0aSPeter Xu be a value that is power of two, and it should be 1024 or bigger (but 2412ea5cb0aSPeter Xu still less than the maximum value that the kernel supports). 4096 2422ea5cb0aSPeter Xu could be a good initial value if you have no idea which is the best. 2432ea5cb0aSPeter Xu Set this value to 0 to disable the feature. By default, this feature 2442ea5cb0aSPeter Xu is disabled (dirty-ring-size=0). When enabled, KVM will instead 2452ea5cb0aSPeter Xu record dirty pages in a bitmap. 2462ea5cb0aSPeter Xu 247e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang ``notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n`` 248e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang Enables or disables notify VM exit support on x86 host and specify 249e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang the corresponding notify window to trigger the VM exit if enabled. 250e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang ``run`` option enables the feature. It does nothing and continue 251e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang if the exit happens. ``internal-error`` option enables the feature. 252e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang It raises a internal error. ``disable`` option doesn't enable the feature. 253e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang This feature can mitigate the CPU stuck issue due to event windows don't 254e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang open up for a specified of time (i.e. notify-window). 255e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang Default: notify-vmexit=run,notify-window=0. 256e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang 257e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 2588d4e9146SKONRAD Frederic 2595824d651Sblueswir1DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp, 260864c3b5cSYanan Wang "-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]\n" 2610d871785SYanan Wang " set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n" 262ce8ee7c6SDaniel P. Berrangé " maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including\n" 263ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n" 2640d871785SYanan Wang " sockets= number of sockets on the machine board\n" 2650d871785SYanan Wang " dies= number of dies in one socket\n" 266864c3b5cSYanan Wang " clusters= number of clusters in one die\n" 267864c3b5cSYanan Wang " cores= number of cores in one cluster\n" 2680d871785SYanan Wang " threads= number of threads in one core\n" 2690d871785SYanan Wang "Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology\n" 2700d871785SYanan Wang " parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters\n" 2710d871785SYanan Wang " will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a\n" 2720d871785SYanan Wang " three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will\n" 2730d871785SYanan Wang " sequentially mean as below:\n" 2740d871785SYanan Wang " sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board\n" 2750d871785SYanan Wang " cores means the number of cores in one socket\n" 2760d871785SYanan Wang " threads means the number of threads in one core\n" 2770d871785SYanan Wang " For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy\n" 2780d871785SYanan Wang " can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters\n" 2790d871785SYanan Wang " can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values\n" 2800d871785SYanan Wang " must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.\n", 281ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 282e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 283864c3b5cSYanan Wang``-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]`` 28480d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé Simulate a SMP system with '\ ``n``\ ' CPUs initially present on 28580d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé the machine type board. On boards supporting CPU hotplug, the optional 28680d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé '\ ``maxcpus``\ ' parameter can be set to enable further CPUs to be 2877d8c5a39SYanan Wang added at runtime. When both parameters are omitted, the maximum number 2887d8c5a39SYanan Wang of CPUs will be calculated from the provided topology members and the 2897d8c5a39SYanan Wang initial CPU count will match the maximum number. When only one of them 2907d8c5a39SYanan Wang is given then the omitted one will be set to its counterpart's value. 2917d8c5a39SYanan Wang Both parameters may be specified, but the maximum number of CPUs must 2920d871785SYanan Wang be equal to or greater than the initial CPU count. Product of the 2930d871785SYanan Wang CPU topology hierarchy must be equal to the maximum number of CPUs. 2940d871785SYanan Wang Both parameters are subject to an upper limit that is determined by 2950d871785SYanan Wang the specific machine type chosen. 29680d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé 2970d871785SYanan Wang To control reporting of CPU topology information, values of the topology 2980d871785SYanan Wang parameters can be specified. Machines may only support a subset of the 2990d871785SYanan Wang parameters and different machines may have different subsets supported 3000d871785SYanan Wang which vary depending on capacity of the corresponding CPU targets. So 3010d871785SYanan Wang for a particular machine type board, an expected topology hierarchy can 3020d871785SYanan Wang be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters can 3030d871785SYanan Wang also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values must be 3040d871785SYanan Wang set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing. 30580d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé 30680d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé Either the initial CPU count, or at least one of the topology parameters 307c2511b16SYanan Wang must be specified. The specified parameters must be greater than zero, 308c2511b16SYanan Wang explicit configuration like "cpus=0" is not allowed. Values for any 309c2511b16SYanan Wang omitted parameters will be computed from those which are given. 3100d871785SYanan Wang 3110d871785SYanan Wang For example, the following sub-option defines a CPU topology hierarchy 3120d871785SYanan Wang (2 sockets totally on the machine, 2 cores per socket, 2 threads per 3130d871785SYanan Wang core) for a machine that only supports sockets/cores/threads. 3140d871785SYanan Wang Some members of the option can be omitted but their values will be 3150d871785SYanan Wang automatically computed: 3160d871785SYanan Wang 3170d871785SYanan Wang :: 3180d871785SYanan Wang 3190d871785SYanan Wang -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 3200d871785SYanan Wang 3210d871785SYanan Wang The following sub-option defines a CPU topology hierarchy (2 sockets 3220d871785SYanan Wang totally on the machine, 2 dies per socket, 2 cores per die, 2 threads 3230d871785SYanan Wang per core) for PC machines which support sockets/dies/cores/threads. 3240d871785SYanan Wang Some members of the option can be omitted but their values will be 3250d871785SYanan Wang automatically computed: 3260d871785SYanan Wang 3270d871785SYanan Wang :: 3280d871785SYanan Wang 3290d871785SYanan Wang -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 3300d871785SYanan Wang 331d55c316fSYanan Wang The following sub-option defines a CPU topology hierarchy (2 sockets 332d55c316fSYanan Wang totally on the machine, 2 clusters per socket, 2 cores per cluster, 333d55c316fSYanan Wang 2 threads per core) for ARM virt machines which support sockets/clusters 334d55c316fSYanan Wang /cores/threads. Some members of the option can be omitted but their values 335d55c316fSYanan Wang will be automatically computed: 336d55c316fSYanan Wang 337d55c316fSYanan Wang :: 338d55c316fSYanan Wang 339d55c316fSYanan Wang -smp 16,sockets=2,clusters=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 340d55c316fSYanan Wang 341c2511b16SYanan Wang Historically preference was given to the coarsest topology parameters 342c2511b16SYanan Wang when computing missing values (ie sockets preferred over cores, which 343c2511b16SYanan Wang were preferred over threads), however, this behaviour is considered 3444a0af293SYanan Wang liable to change. Prior to 6.2 the preference was sockets over cores 3454a0af293SYanan Wang over threads. Since 6.2 the preference is cores over sockets over threads. 3460d871785SYanan Wang 3470d871785SYanan Wang For example, the following option defines a machine board with 2 sockets 3480d871785SYanan Wang of 1 core before 6.2 and 1 socket of 2 cores after 6.2: 3490d871785SYanan Wang 3500d871785SYanan Wang :: 3510d871785SYanan Wang 3520d871785SYanan Wang -smp 2 35397f4effeSYicong Yang 35497f4effeSYicong Yang Note: The cluster topology will only be generated in ACPI and exposed 35597f4effeSYicong Yang to guest if it's explicitly specified in -smp. 356e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 3575824d651Sblueswir1 358268a362cSaliguoriDEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa, 359244b3f44STao Xu "-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]\n" 360244b3f44STao Xu "-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]\n" 3612d19c656SIgor Mammedov "-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance\n" 3629b12dfa0SLiu Jingqi "-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]\n" 363c412a48dSLiu Jingqi "-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]\n" 364c412a48dSLiu Jingqi "-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]\n", 3652d19c656SIgor Mammedov QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 366e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 36709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=initiator]`` 36809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 36909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=initiator]`` 37009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 37109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance`` 37209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 37309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]`` 37409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 3752cb40d44SStefan Weil``-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=hierarchy,data-type=type[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]`` 37609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 37709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=str][,policy=str][,line=size]`` 378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define a NUMA node and assign RAM and VCPUs to it. Set the NUMA 379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell distance from a source node to a destination node. Set the ACPI 380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Heterogeneous Memory Attributes for the given nodes. 381e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 382e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Legacy VCPU assignment uses '\ ``cpus``\ ' option where firstcpu and 383e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell lastcpu are CPU indexes. Each '\ ``cpus``\ ' option represent a 384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell contiguous range of CPU indexes (or a single VCPU if lastcpu is 385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell omitted). A non-contiguous set of VCPUs can be represented by 386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell providing multiple '\ ``cpus``\ ' options. If '\ ``cpus``\ ' is 387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell omitted on all nodes, VCPUs are automatically split between them. 388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, the following option assigns VCPUs 0, 1, 2 and 5 to a 390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NUMA node: 391e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,cpus=0-2,cpus=5 395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell '\ ``cpu``\ ' option is a new alternative to '\ ``cpus``\ ' option 397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which uses '\ ``socket-id|core-id|thread-id``\ ' properties to 398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assign CPU objects to a node using topology layout properties of 399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell CPU. The set of properties is machine specific, and depends on used 400e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell machine type/'\ ``smp``\ ' options. It could be queried with 401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell '\ ``hotpluggable-cpus``\ ' monitor command. '\ ``node-id``\ ' 402e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell property specifies node to which CPU object will be assigned, it's 403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell required for node to be declared with '\ ``node``\ ' option before 404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it's used with '\ ``cpu``\ ' option. 405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example: 407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 408e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 409e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 410e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -M pc \ 411e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -smp 1,sockets=2,maxcpus=2 \ 412e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=0 -numa node,nodeid=1 \ 413e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=0 -numa cpu,node-id=1,socket-id=1 414e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4154f513984SYohei Kojima '\ ``memdev``\ ' option assigns RAM from a given memory backend 4164f513984SYohei Kojima device to a node. It is recommended to use '\ ``memdev``\ ' option 4174f513984SYohei Kojima over legacy '\ ``mem``\ ' option. This is because '\ ``memdev``\ ' 4184f513984SYohei Kojima option provides better performance and more control over the 4194f513984SYohei Kojima backend's RAM (e.g. '\ ``prealloc``\ ' parameter of 4204f513984SYohei Kojima '\ ``-memory-backend-ram``\ ' allows memory preallocation). 42132a354dcSIgor Mammedov 4224f513984SYohei Kojima For compatibility reasons, legacy '\ ``mem``\ ' option is 4234f513984SYohei Kojima supported in 5.0 and older machine types. Note that '\ ``mem``\ ' 4244f513984SYohei Kojima and '\ ``memdev``\ ' are mutually exclusive. If one node uses 4254f513984SYohei Kojima '\ ``memdev``\ ', the rest nodes have to use '\ ``memdev``\ ' 4264f513984SYohei Kojima option, and vice versa. 427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4284f513984SYohei Kojima Users must specify memory for all NUMA nodes by '\ ``memdev``\ ' 4294f513984SYohei Kojima (or legacy '\ ``mem``\ ' if available). In QEMU 5.2, the support 4304f513984SYohei Kojima for '\ ``-numa node``\ ' without memory specified was removed. 431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell '\ ``initiator``\ ' is an additional option that points to an 433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell initiator NUMA node that has best performance (the lowest latency or 434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell largest bandwidth) to this NUMA node. Note that this option can be 435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell set only when the machine property 'hmat' is set to 'on'. 436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Following example creates a machine with 2 NUMA nodes, node 0 has 438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell CPU. node 1 has only memory, and its initiator is node 0. Note that 439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell because node 0 has CPU, by default the initiator of node 0 is itself 440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and must be itself. 441e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 442e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 443e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 444e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -machine hmat=on \ 445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -m 2G,slots=2,maxmem=4G \ 446e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object memory-backend-ram,size=1G,id=m0 \ 447e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object memory-backend-ram,size=1G,id=m1 \ 448e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=0,memdev=m0 \ 449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=1,memdev=m1,initiator=0 \ 450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -smp 2,sockets=2,maxcpus=2 \ 451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=0 \ 452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=1 453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell source and destination are NUMA node IDs. distance is the NUMA 455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell distance from source to destination. The distance from a node to 456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell itself is always 10. If any pair of nodes is given a distance, then 457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all pairs must be given distances. Although, when distances are only 458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell given in one direction for each pair of nodes, then the distances in 459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the opposite directions are assumed to be the same. If, however, an 460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell asymmetrical pair of distances is given for even one node pair, then 461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all node pairs must be provided distance values for both directions, 462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell even when they are symmetrical. When a node is unreachable from 463e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell another node, set the pair's distance to 255. 464e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 465e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that the -``numa`` option doesn't allocate any of the specified 466e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell resources, it just assigns existing resources to NUMA nodes. This 467e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell means that one still has to use the ``-m``, ``-smp`` options to 468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell allocate RAM and VCPUs respectively. 469e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 470e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use '\ ``hmat-lb``\ ' to set System Locality Latency and Bandwidth 471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Information between initiator and target NUMA nodes in ACPI 472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Heterogeneous Attribute Memory Table (HMAT). Initiator NUMA node can 473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell create memory requests, usually it has one or more processors. 474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Target NUMA node contains addressable memory. 475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In '\ ``hmat-lb``\ ' option, node are NUMA node IDs. hierarchy is 477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the memory hierarchy of the target NUMA node: if hierarchy is 478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'memory', the structure represents the memory performance; if 479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell hierarchy is 'first-level\|second-level\|third-level', this 480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell structure represents aggregated performance of memory side caches 481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for each domain. type of 'data-type' is type of data represented by 482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this structure instance: if 'hierarchy' is 'memory', 'data-type' is 483e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'access\|read\|write' latency or 'access\|read\|write' bandwidth of 484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the target memory; if 'hierarchy' is 485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'first-level\|second-level\|third-level', 'data-type' is 486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'access\|read\|write' hit latency or 'access\|read\|write' hit 487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bandwidth of the target memory side cache. 488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell lat is latency value in nanoseconds. bw is bandwidth value, the 490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell possible value and units are NUM[M\|G\|T], mean that the bandwidth 491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell value are NUM byte per second (or MB/s, GB/s or TB/s depending on 492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell used suffix). Note that if latency or bandwidth value is 0, means 493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the corresponding latency or bandwidth information is not provided. 494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 495e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In '\ ``hmat-cache``\ ' option, node-id is the NUMA-id of the memory 496e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell belongs. size is the size of memory side cache in bytes. level is 497e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the cache level described in this structure, note that the cache 498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell level 0 should not be used with '\ ``hmat-cache``\ ' option. 499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell associativity is the cache associativity, the possible value is 500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'none/direct(direct-mapped)/complex(complex cache indexing)'. policy 501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is the write policy. line is the cache Line size in bytes. 502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, the following options describe 2 NUMA nodes. Node 0 has 504e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2 cpus and a ram, node 1 has only a ram. The processors in node 0 505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell access memory in node 0 with access-latency 5 nanoseconds, 506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell access-bandwidth is 200 MB/s; The processors in NUMA node 0 access 507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell memory in NUMA node 1 with access-latency 10 nanoseconds, 508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell access-bandwidth is 100 MB/s. And for memory side cache information, 509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NUMA node 0 and 1 both have 1 level memory cache, size is 10KB, 510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell policy is write-back, the cache Line size is 8 bytes: 511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 514e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -machine hmat=on \ 515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -m 2G \ 516e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object memory-backend-ram,size=1G,id=m0 \ 517e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object memory-backend-ram,size=1G,id=m1 \ 518848dd269SYanan Wang -smp 2,sockets=2,maxcpus=2 \ 519e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=0,memdev=m0 \ 520e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=1,memdev=m1,initiator=0 \ 521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=0 \ 522e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=1 \ 523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-lb,initiator=0,target=0,hierarchy=memory,data-type=access-latency,latency=5 \ 524e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-lb,initiator=0,target=0,hierarchy=memory,data-type=access-bandwidth,bandwidth=200M \ 525e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-lb,initiator=0,target=1,hierarchy=memory,data-type=access-latency,latency=10 \ 526e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-lb,initiator=0,target=1,hierarchy=memory,data-type=access-bandwidth,bandwidth=100M \ 527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-cache,node-id=0,size=10K,level=1,associativity=direct,policy=write-back,line=8 \ 528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-cache,node-id=1,size=10K,level=1,associativity=direct,policy=write-back,line=8 529e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 530268a362cSaliguori 53110adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("add-fd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_add_fd, 53210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]\n" 53310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " Add 'fd' to fd 'set'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 534e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 535e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]`` 536e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add a file descriptor to an fd set. Valid options are: 537e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fd=fd`` 539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines the file descriptor of which a duplicate is 540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell added to fd set. The file descriptor cannot be stdin, stdout, or 541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell stderr. 542e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 543e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``set=set`` 544e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines the ID of the fd set to add the file 545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell descriptor to. 546e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``opaque=opaque`` 548e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines a free-form string that can be used to 549e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell describe fd. 550e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 551e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd 552e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell set: 553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 556353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| \\ 557353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" \\ 558353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" \\ 559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk 560e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 56110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 56210adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set, 56310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-set group.id.arg=value\n" 56410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n" 56510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 566e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-set group.id.arg=value`` 568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set parameter arg for item id of type group 569e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 57010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 57110adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global, 5723751d7c4SPaolo Bonzini "-global driver.property=value\n" 5733751d7c4SPaolo Bonzini "-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value\n" 57410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " set a global default for a driver property\n", 57510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 576e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 57709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-global driver.prop=value`` 57809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 57909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value`` 580e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set default value of driver's property prop to value, e.g.: 581e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 582e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 583e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -global ide-hd.physical_block_size=4096 disk-image.img 585e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In particular, you can use this to set driver properties for devices 587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which are created automatically by the machine model. To create a 588e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device which is not created automatically and set properties on it, 589e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell use -``device``. 590e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 591e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -global driver.prop=value is shorthand for -global 592e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell driver=driver,property=prop,value=value. The longhand syntax works 593e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell even when driver contains a dot. 594e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 59510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 59610adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot, 59710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n" 598c8a6ae8bSAmos Kong " [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]\n" 59910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n" 60010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " 'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on\n" 60110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " 'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms\n" 60210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " 'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms\n", 60310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 604e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off][,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_timeout][,strict=on|off]`` 606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify boot order drives as a string of drive letters. Valid drive 607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell letters depend on the target architecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b 608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p 609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (Etherboot from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. 610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To apply a particular boot order only on the first startup, specify 611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it via ``once``. Note that the ``order`` or ``once`` parameter 612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should not be used together with the ``bootindex`` property of 613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell devices, since the firmware implementations normally do not support 614e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell both at the same time. 615e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 616e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via ``menu=on`` as far 617e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot. 618e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 619e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A splash picture could be passed to bios, enabling user to show it 620e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as logo, when option splash=sp\_name is given and menu=on, If 621e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell firmware/BIOS supports them. Currently Seabios for X86 system 622e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell support it. limitation: The splash file could be a jpeg file or a 623e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell BMP file in 24 BPP format(true color). The resolution should be 624e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supported by the SVGA mode, so the recommended is 320x240, 640x480, 625e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 800x640. 626e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 627e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A timeout could be passed to bios, guest will pause for rb\_timeout 628e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ms when boot failed, then reboot. If rb\_timeout is '-1', guest will 629e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell not reboot, qemu passes '-1' to bios by default. Currently Seabios 630e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for X86 system support it. 631e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 632e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Do strict boot via ``strict=on`` as far as firmware/BIOS supports 633e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it. This only effects when boot priority is changed by bootindex 634e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options. The default is non-strict boot. 635e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 63609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 637e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 638e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # try to boot from network first, then from hard disk 639e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -boot order=nc 640e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot 641e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -boot once=d 642e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # boot with a splash picture for 5 seconds. 643e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000 644e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 645e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note: The legacy format '-boot drives' is still supported but its 646e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions. 647e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 64810adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 64910adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m, 65089f3ea2bSMichael Tokarev "-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]\n" 6516e1d3c1cSIgor Mammedov " configure guest RAM\n" 6520daba1f0SAlexander Graf " size: initial amount of guest memory\n" 653c270fb9eSIgor Mammedov " slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)\n" 654b6fe0124SMatthew Rosato " maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)\n" 655b6fe0124SMatthew Rosato "NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity\n", 6566e1d3c1cSIgor Mammedov QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 657e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 658e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]`` 659e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets guest startup RAM size to megs megabytes. Default is 128 MiB. 660e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Optionally, a suffix of "M" or "G" can be used to signify a value in 661e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Optional pair slots, maxmem 662e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell could be used to set amount of hotpluggable memory slots and maximum 663e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell amount of memory. Note that maxmem must be aligned to the page size. 664e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 665e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, the following command-line sets the guest startup RAM 666e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell size to 1GB, creates 3 slots to hotplug additional memory and sets 667e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the maximum memory the guest can reach to 4GB: 668e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 669e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 670e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 671e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G 672e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 673e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If slots and maxmem are not specified, memory hotplug won't be 674e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell enabled and the guest startup RAM will never increase. 675e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 67610adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 67710adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("mem-path", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mempath, 67810adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 679e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 680e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-mem-path path`` 681e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in path. 682e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 68310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 68410adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("mem-prealloc", 0, QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc, 68510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)\n", 68610adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 687e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 688e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-mem-prealloc`` 689e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Preallocate memory when using -mem-path. 690e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 69110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 69210adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k, 69310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n", 69410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 695e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 696e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-k language`` 697e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use keyboard layout language (for example ``fr`` for French). This 698e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC keycodes 699e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC or curses 700e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or 701e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell PC/Windows hosts. 702e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 703e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The available layouts are: 704e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 705e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 706e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 707e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv 708e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th 709e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr 710e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 711e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The default is ``en-us``. 712e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 71310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 71410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 715f0b3d811SKővágó, ZoltánHXCOMM Deprecated by -audiodev 71610adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help, 717f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audio-help show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings\n", 71810adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 719e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 720e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audio-help`` 721e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Will show the -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified 722e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (deprecated) environment variables. 723e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 724f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán 725039a6837SPaolo BonziniDEF("audio", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_audio, 726039a6837SPaolo Bonzini "-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 727039a6837SPaolo Bonzini " specifies the audio backend and device to use;\n" 728039a6837SPaolo Bonzini " apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.\n" 729039a6837SPaolo Bonzini " use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.\n", 730039a6837SPaolo Bonzini QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 731039a6837SPaolo BonziniSRST 732039a6837SPaolo Bonzini``-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 733039a6837SPaolo Bonzini This option is a shortcut for configuring both the guest audio 734039a6837SPaolo Bonzini hardware and the host audio backend in one go. 7355e03b6daSClaudio Fontana The driver option is the same as with the corresponding ``-audiodev`` option below. 7365e03b6daSClaudio Fontana The guest hardware model can be set with ``model=modelname``. 7375e03b6daSClaudio Fontana 7385e03b6daSClaudio Fontana Use ``driver=help`` to list the available drivers, 7395e03b6daSClaudio Fontana and ``model=help`` to list the available device types. 740039a6837SPaolo Bonzini 741039a6837SPaolo Bonzini The following two example do exactly the same, to show how ``-audio`` 742039a6837SPaolo Bonzini can be used to shorten the command line length: 743039a6837SPaolo Bonzini 744039a6837SPaolo Bonzini .. parsed-literal:: 745039a6837SPaolo Bonzini 746039a6837SPaolo Bonzini |qemu_system| -audiodev pa,id=pa -device sb16,audiodev=pa 747039a6837SPaolo Bonzini |qemu_system| -audio pa,model=sb16 748039a6837SPaolo BonziniERST 749039a6837SPaolo Bonzini 750f0b3d811SKővágó, ZoltánDEF("audiodev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_audiodev, 751f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 752f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " specifies the audio backend to use\n" 7535e03b6daSClaudio Fontana " Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers\n" 754f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " id= identifier of the backend\n" 755f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " timer-period= timer period in microseconds\n" 7568efac073SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU\n" 757f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio\n" 758f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings\n" 759f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings\n" 760f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings\n" 76149f77e6fSVolker Rümelin " valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32\n" 762f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.voices= number of voices to use\n" 7638624725bSStefan Hajnoczi " in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds\n" 764f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 765f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " dummy driver that discards all output\n" 766f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_ALSA 767f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 768f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use\n" 769dfc54343SStefan Hajnoczi " in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds\n" 770f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode\n" 771f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts\n" 772f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 773f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_COREAUDIO 774f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev coreaudio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 775f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers\n" 776f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 777f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_DSOUND 778f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev dsound,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 779f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " latency= add extra latency to playback in microseconds\n" 780f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 781f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_OSS 782f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 783f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use\n" 784f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers\n" 785f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode\n" 786f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " try-mmap= try using memory mapped access\n" 787f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " exclusive= open device in exclusive mode\n" 788f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode\n" 789f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 790f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_PA 791f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 792f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " server= PulseAudio server address\n" 793f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.name= source/sink device name\n" 79414d4f011SStefan Hajnoczi " in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds\n" 795f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 796*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_PIPEWIRE 797*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey "-audiodev pipewire,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 798*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey " in|out.name= source/sink device name\n" 799*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey " in|out.stream-name= name of pipewire stream\n" 800*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey " in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds\n" 801*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey#endif 802f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_SDL 803f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 8045a0926c2SVolker Rümelin " in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers\n" 805f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 806663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_SNDIO 807663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov "-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 808663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov#endif 809f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_SPICE 810f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 811f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 812739362d4SMarc-André Lureau#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS_DISPLAY 813739362d4SMarc-André Lureau "-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 814739362d4SMarc-André Lureau#endif 815f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 816f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " path= path of wav file to record\n", 817f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 818e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 819e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 820e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Adds a new audio backend driver identified by id. There are global 821e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and driver specific properties. Some values can be set differently 822e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for input and output, they're marked with ``in|out.``. You can set 823e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the input's property with ``in.prop`` and the output's property with 824e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``out.prop``. For example: 825e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 826e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 827e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 828e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -audiodev alsa,id=example,in.frequency=44110,out.frequency=8000 829e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -audiodev alsa,id=example,out.channels=1 # leaves in.channels unspecified 830e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 831e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NOTE: parameter validation is known to be incomplete, in many cases 832e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specifying an invalid option causes QEMU to print an error message 833e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and continue emulation without sound. 834e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 835e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Valid global options are: 836e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 837e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=identifier`` 838e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Identifies the audio backend. 839e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 840e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``timer-period=period`` 841e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the timer period used by the audio subsystem in 842e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell microseconds. Default is 10000 (10 ms). 843e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 844e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.mixing-engine=on|off`` 845e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use QEMU's mixing engine to mix all streams inside QEMU and 846e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell convert audio formats when not supported by the backend. When 847e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell off, fixed-settings must be off too. Note that disabling this 848e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option means that the selected backend must support multiple 849e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell streams and the audio formats used by the virtual cards, 850e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell otherwise you'll get no sound. It's not recommended to disable 851e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this option unless you want to use 5.1 or 7.1 audio, as mixing 852e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell engine only supports mono and stereo audio. Default is on. 853e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 854e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.fixed-settings=on|off`` 855e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use fixed settings for host audio. When off, it will change 856e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell based on how the guest opens the sound card. In this case you 857e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must not specify frequency, channels or format. Default is on. 858e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 859e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.frequency=frequency`` 860e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the frequency to use when using fixed-settings. Default 861e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is 44100Hz. 862e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 863e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.channels=channels`` 864e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the number of channels to use when using fixed-settings. 865e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Default is 2 (stereo). 866e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 867e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.format=format`` 868e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the sample format to use when using fixed-settings. 869e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Valid values are: ``s8``, ``s16``, ``s32``, ``u8``, ``u16``, 87049f77e6fSVolker Rümelin ``u32``, ``f32``. Default is ``s16``. 871e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 872e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.voices=voices`` 873e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the number of voices to use. Default is 1. 874e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 875e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.buffer-length=usecs`` 876e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the size of the buffer in microseconds. 877e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 878e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev none,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 879e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a dummy backend that discards all outputs. This backend has 880e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell no backend specific properties. 881e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 882e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 883e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates backend using the ALSA. This backend is only available on 884e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Linux. 885e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 886e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ALSA specific options are: 887e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 888e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.dev=device`` 889e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the ALSA device to use for input and/or output. Default 890e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is ``default``. 891e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 892e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.period-length=usecs`` 893e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the period length in microseconds. 894e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 895e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.try-poll=on|off`` 896e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Attempt to use poll mode with the device. Default is on. 897e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 898e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``threshold=threshold`` 899e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts. Default is 0. 900e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 901e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev coreaudio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 902e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using Apple's Core Audio. This backend is only 903e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell available on Mac OS and only supports playback. 904e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 905e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Core Audio specific options are: 906e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 907e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.buffer-count=count`` 908e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the count of the buffers. 909e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 910e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev dsound,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 911e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using Microsoft's DirectSound. This backend is 912e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell only available on Windows and only supports playback. 913e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 914e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell DirectSound specific options are: 915e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 916e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``latency=usecs`` 917e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add extra usecs microseconds latency to playback. Default is 918e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 10000 (10 ms). 919e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 920e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 921e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using OSS. This backend is available on most 922e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Unix-like systems. 923e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 924e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell OSS specific options are: 925e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 926e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.dev=device`` 927e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the file name of the OSS device to use. Default is 928e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/dev/dsp``. 929e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 930e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.buffer-count=count`` 931e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the count of the buffers. 932e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 933e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.try-poll=on|of`` 934e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Attempt to use poll mode with the device. Default is on. 935e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 936e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``try-mmap=on|off`` 937e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Try using memory mapped device access. Default is off. 938e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 939e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``exclusive=on|off`` 940e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Open the device in exclusive mode (vmix won't work in this 941e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell case). Default is off. 942e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 943e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dsp-policy=policy`` 944e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the timing policy (between 0 and 10, where smaller number 945e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell means smaller latency but higher CPU usage). Use -1 to use 946e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell buffer sizes specified by ``buffer`` and ``buffer-count``. This 947e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option is ignored if you do not have OSS 4. Default is 5. 948e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 949e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 950e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using PulseAudio. This backend is available on 951e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell most systems. 952e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 953e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell PulseAudio specific options are: 954e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 955e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``server=server`` 956e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the PulseAudio server to connect to. 957e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 958e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.name=sink`` 959e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use the specified source/sink for recording/playback. 960e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 961e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.latency=usecs`` 962e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Desired latency in microseconds. The PulseAudio server will try 963e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to honor this value but actual latencies may be lower or higher. 964e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 965*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey``-audiodev pipewire,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 966*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey Creates a backend using Pipewire. This backend is available on 967*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey most systems. 968*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey 969*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey Pipewire specific options are: 970*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey 971*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey ``in|out.latency=usecs`` 972*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey Desired latency in microseconds. 973*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey 974*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey ``in|out.name=sink`` 975*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey Use the specified source/sink for recording/playback. 976*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey 977*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey ``in|out.stream-name`` 978*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey Specify the name of pipewire stream. 979*c2d3d1c2SDorinda Bassey 980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 981e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using SDL. This backend is available on most 982e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell systems, but you should use your platform's native backend if 9835a0926c2SVolker Rümelin possible. 9845a0926c2SVolker Rümelin 9855a0926c2SVolker Rümelin SDL specific options are: 9865a0926c2SVolker Rümelin 9875a0926c2SVolker Rümelin ``in|out.buffer-count=count`` 9885a0926c2SVolker Rümelin Sets the count of the buffers. 989e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 990663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov``-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 991663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov Creates a backend using SNDIO. This backend is available on 992663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov OpenBSD and most other Unix-like systems. 993663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov 994663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov Sndio specific options are: 995663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov 996663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov ``in|out.dev=device`` 997663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov Specify the sndio device to use for input and/or output. Default 998663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov is ``default``. 999663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov 1000663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov ``in|out.latency=usecs`` 1001663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov Sets the desired period length in microseconds. 1002663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov 1003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 1004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend that sends audio through SPICE. This backend 1005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell requires ``-spice`` and automatically selected in that case, so 1006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usually you can ignore this option. This backend has no backend 1007e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specific properties. 1008e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1009e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 1010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend that writes audio to a WAV file. 1011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Backend specific options are: 1013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1014e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path=path`` 1015e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Write recorded audio into the specified file. Default is 1016e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``qemu.wav``. 1017e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 101810adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 101910adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device, 102010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 102110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " add device (based on driver)\n" 102210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " prop=value,... sets driver properties\n" 102310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " use '-device help' to print all possible drivers\n" 102410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties\n", 102510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1026e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1027e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 1028e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add device driver. prop=value sets driver properties. Valid 1029e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell properties depend on the driver. To get help on possible drivers and 1030e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell properties, use ``-device help`` and ``-device driver,help``. 1031e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1032e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Some drivers are: 1033e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1034789101b7SCorey Minyard``-device ipmi-bmc-sim,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 1035e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add an IPMI BMC. This is a simulation of a hardware management 1036e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interface processor that normally sits on a system. It provides a 1037e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell watchdog and the ability to reset and power control the system. You 1038e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell need to connect this to an IPMI interface to make it useful 1039e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The IPMI slave address to use for the BMC. The default is 0x20. This 1041e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell address is the BMC's address on the I2C network of management 1042e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell controllers. If you don't know what this means, it is safe to ignore 1043e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it. 1044e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1045e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=id`` 1046e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The BMC id for interfaces to use this device. 1047e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1048e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``slave_addr=val`` 1049e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define slave address to use for the BMC. The default is 0x20. 1050e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1051e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sdrfile=file`` 1052e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file containing raw Sensor Data Records (SDR) data. The default 1053e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is none. 1054e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1055e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fruareasize=val`` 1056e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell size of a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) area. The default is 1057e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1024. 1058e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1059e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``frudatafile=file`` 1060e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file containing raw Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) inventory data. 1061e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The default is none. 1062e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1063e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``guid=uuid`` 1064e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell value for the GUID for the BMC, in standard UUID format. If this 1065e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is set, get "Get GUID" command to the BMC will return it. 1066e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Otherwise "Get GUID" will return an error. 1067e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1068e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device ipmi-bmc-extern,id=id,chardev=id[,slave_addr=val]`` 1069e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add a connection to an external IPMI BMC simulator. Instead of 1070e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell locally emulating the BMC like the above item, instead connect to an 1071e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell external entity that provides the IPMI services. 1072e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1073e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A connection is made to an external BMC simulator. If you do this, 1074e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it is strongly recommended that you use the "reconnect=" chardev 1075e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option to reconnect to the simulator if the connection is lost. Note 1076e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that if this is not used carefully, it can be a security issue, as 1077e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the interface has the ability to send resets, NMIs, and power off 1078e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the VM. It's best if QEMU makes a connection to an external 1079e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell simulator running on a secure port on localhost, so neither the 1080e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell simulator nor QEMU is exposed to any outside network. 1081e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1082e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell See the "lanserv/README.vm" file in the OpenIPMI library for more 1083e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell details on the external interface. 1084e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1085e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device isa-ipmi-kcs,bmc=id[,ioport=val][,irq=val]`` 10861e458f11SStefan Weil Add a KCS IPMI interface on the ISA bus. This also adds a 1087e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell corresponding ACPI and SMBIOS entries, if appropriate. 1088e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1089e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bmc=id`` 1090e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The BMC to connect to, one of ipmi-bmc-sim or ipmi-bmc-extern 1091e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell above. 1092e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1093e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ioport=val`` 1094e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define the I/O address of the interface. The default is 0xca0 1095e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for KCS. 1096e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1097e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``irq=val`` 1098e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define the interrupt to use. The default is 5. To disable 1099e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interrupts, set this to 0. 1100e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1101e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device isa-ipmi-bt,bmc=id[,ioport=val][,irq=val]`` 1102e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Like the KCS interface, but defines a BT interface. The default port 1103e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is 0xe4 and the default interrupt is 5. 1104323679daSCorey Minyard 1105323679daSCorey Minyard``-device pci-ipmi-kcs,bmc=id`` 11061e458f11SStefan Weil Add a KCS IPMI interface on the PCI bus. 1107323679daSCorey Minyard 1108323679daSCorey Minyard ``bmc=id`` 1109323679daSCorey Minyard The BMC to connect to, one of ipmi-bmc-sim or ipmi-bmc-extern above. 1110323679daSCorey Minyard 1111323679daSCorey Minyard``-device pci-ipmi-bt,bmc=id`` 1112323679daSCorey Minyard Like the KCS interface, but defines a BT interface on the PCI bus. 11137395b3e3SPeter Xu 11147395b3e3SPeter Xu``-device intel-iommu[,option=...]`` 11157395b3e3SPeter Xu This is only supported by ``-machine q35``, which will enable Intel VT-d 11167395b3e3SPeter Xu emulation within the guest. It supports below options: 11177395b3e3SPeter Xu 11187395b3e3SPeter Xu ``intremap=on|off`` (default: auto) 11197395b3e3SPeter Xu This enables interrupt remapping feature. It's required to enable 11207395b3e3SPeter Xu complete x2apic. Currently it only supports kvm kernel-irqchip modes 11217395b3e3SPeter Xu ``off`` or ``split``, while full kernel-irqchip is not yet supported. 11227395b3e3SPeter Xu The default value is "auto", which will be decided by the mode of 11237395b3e3SPeter Xu kernel-irqchip. 11247395b3e3SPeter Xu 11257395b3e3SPeter Xu ``caching-mode=on|off`` (default: off) 11267395b3e3SPeter Xu This enables caching mode for the VT-d emulated device. When 11277395b3e3SPeter Xu caching-mode is enabled, each guest DMA buffer mapping will generate an 11287395b3e3SPeter Xu IOTLB invalidation from the guest IOMMU driver to the vIOMMU device in 11297395b3e3SPeter Xu a synchronous way. It is required for ``-device vfio-pci`` to work 11307395b3e3SPeter Xu with the VT-d device, because host assigned devices requires to setup 11317395b3e3SPeter Xu the DMA mapping on the host before guest DMA starts. 11327395b3e3SPeter Xu 11337395b3e3SPeter Xu ``device-iotlb=on|off`` (default: off) 11347395b3e3SPeter Xu This enables device-iotlb capability for the emulated VT-d device. So 11357395b3e3SPeter Xu far virtio/vhost should be the only real user for this parameter, 11367395b3e3SPeter Xu paired with ats=on configured for the device. 11377395b3e3SPeter Xu 11387395b3e3SPeter Xu ``aw-bits=39|48`` (default: 39) 11397395b3e3SPeter Xu This decides the address width of IOVA address space. The address 11407395b3e3SPeter Xu space has 39 bits width for 3-level IOMMU page tables, and 48 bits for 11417395b3e3SPeter Xu 4-level IOMMU page tables. 11427395b3e3SPeter Xu 11437395b3e3SPeter Xu Please also refer to the wiki page for general scenarios of VT-d 11447395b3e3SPeter Xu emulation in QEMU: https://wiki.qemu.org/Features/VT-d. 11457395b3e3SPeter Xu 1146e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 114710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 114810adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name, 11498f480de0SDr. David Alan Gilbert "-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]\n" 115010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " set the name of the guest\n" 1151479a5747SRoman Bolshakov " string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name\n" 1152479a5747SRoman Bolshakov " When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name\n" 11538f480de0SDr. David Alan Gilbert " NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.\n", 115410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1155e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1156e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-name name`` 1157e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the name of the guest. This name will be displayed in the SDL 1158e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell window caption. The name will also be used for the VNC server. Also 1159e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell optionally set the top visible process name in Linux. Naming of 1160e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell individual threads can also be enabled on Linux to aid debugging. 1161e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 116210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 116310adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid, 116410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n" 116510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1166e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1167e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-uuid uuid`` 1168e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set system UUID. 1169e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 117010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 117110adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING() 117210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 1173de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Block device options:) 117410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 11755af2b0f6SAlex BennéeSRST 11765af2b0f6SAlex BennéeThe QEMU block device handling options have a long history and 11775af2b0f6SAlex Bennéehave gone through several iterations as the feature set and complexity 11785af2b0f6SAlex Bennéeof the block layer have grown. Many online guides to QEMU often 11795af2b0f6SAlex Bennéereference older and deprecated options, which can lead to confusion. 11805af2b0f6SAlex Bennée 1181c1654c3eSAlex BennéeThe most explicit way to describe disks is to use a combination of 11825af2b0f6SAlex Bennée``-device`` to specify the hardware device and ``-blockdev`` to 11835af2b0f6SAlex Bennéedescribe the backend. The device defines what the guest sees and the 1184c1654c3eSAlex Bennéebackend describes how QEMU handles the data. It is the only guaranteed 1185c1654c3eSAlex Bennéestable interface for describing block devices and as such is 1186c1654c3eSAlex Bennéerecommended for management tools and scripting. 1187c1654c3eSAlex Bennée 1188c1654c3eSAlex BennéeThe ``-drive`` option combines the device and backend into a single 1189c1654c3eSAlex Bennéecommand line option which is a more human friendly. There is however no 1190c1654c3eSAlex Bennéeinterface stability guarantee although some older board models still 1191c1654c3eSAlex Bennéeneed updating to work with the modern blockdev forms. 1192c1654c3eSAlex Bennée 1193c1654c3eSAlex BennéeOlder options like ``-hda`` are essentially macros which expand into 1194c1654c3eSAlex Bennée``-drive`` options for various drive interfaces. The original forms 1195c1654c3eSAlex Bennéebake in a lot of assumptions from the days when QEMU was emulating a 1196c1654c3eSAlex Bennéelegacy PC, they are not recommended for modern configurations. 11975af2b0f6SAlex Bennée 11985af2b0f6SAlex BennéeERST 11995af2b0f6SAlex Bennée 12005824d651Sblueswir1DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda, 1201ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1202ad96090aSBlue SwirlDEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1203e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 120409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-fda file`` 120509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 120609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-fdb file`` 1207923e9311SThomas Huth Use file as floppy disk 0/1 image (see the :ref:`disk images` chapter in 1208923e9311SThomas Huth the System Emulation Users Guide). 1209e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 12105824d651Sblueswir1 12115824d651Sblueswir1DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda, 1212ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1213ad96090aSBlue SwirlDEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 12145824d651Sblueswir1DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc, 1215ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1216ad96090aSBlue SwirlDEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1217e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 121809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-hda file`` 121909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 122009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-hdb file`` 122109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 122209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-hdc file`` 122309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 122409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-hdd file`` 1225923e9311SThomas Huth Use file as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (see the :ref:`disk images` 1226923e9311SThomas Huth chapter in the System Emulation Users Guide). 1227e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 12285824d651Sblueswir1 12295824d651Sblueswir1DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom, 1230ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n", 1231ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1232e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-cdrom file`` 1234e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as CD-ROM image (you cannot use ``-hdc`` and ``-cdrom`` at 1235e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by using ``/dev/cdrom`` 1236e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as filename. 1237e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 12385824d651Sblueswir1 123942e5f393SMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("blockdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_blockdev, 124042e5f393SMarkus Armbruster "-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]\n" 124142e5f393SMarkus Armbruster " [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]\n" 1242c9b749d7SKevin Wolf " [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]\n" 1243c9b749d7SKevin Wolf " [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]\n" 124442e5f393SMarkus Armbruster " [,driver specific parameters...]\n" 124542e5f393SMarkus Armbruster " configure a block backend\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1246e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1247e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-blockdev option[,option[,option[,...]]]`` 1248e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define a new block driver node. Some of the options apply to all 1249e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell block drivers, other options are only accepted for a specific block 1250e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell driver. See below for a list of generic options and options for the 1251e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell most common block drivers. 1252e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1253e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Options that expect a reference to another node (e.g. ``file``) can 1254e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be given in two ways. Either you specify the node name of an already 1255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell existing node (file=node-name), or you define a new node inline, 1256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell adding options for the referenced node after a dot 1257e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (file.filename=path,file.aio=native). 1258e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1259e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A block driver node created with ``-blockdev`` can be used for a 1260e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest device by specifying its node name for the ``drive`` property 1261e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell in a ``-device`` argument that defines a block device. 1262e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Valid options for any block driver node:`` 1264e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``driver`` 1265e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the block driver to use for the given node. 1266e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1267e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``node-name`` 1268e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This defines the name of the block driver node by which it 1269e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will be referenced later. The name must be unique, i.e. it 1270e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must not match the name of a different block driver node, or 1271e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (if you use ``-drive`` as well) the ID of a drive. 1272e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1273e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If no node name is specified, it is automatically generated. 1274e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The generated node name is not intended to be predictable 1275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and changes between QEMU invocations. For the top level, an 1276e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell explicit node name must be specified. 1277e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``read-only`` 1279e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Open the node read-only. Guest write attempts will fail. 1280e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that some block drivers support only read-only access, 1282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell either generally or in certain configurations. In this case, 1283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the default value ``read-only=off`` does not work and the 1284e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option must be specified explicitly. 1285e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1286e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``auto-read-only`` 1287e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If ``auto-read-only=on`` is set, QEMU may fall back to 1288e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell read-only usage even when ``read-only=off`` is requested, or 1289e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell even switch between modes as needed, e.g. depending on 1290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell whether the image file is writable or whether a writing user 1291e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is attached to the node. 1292e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1293e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``force-share`` 1294e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Override the image locking system of QEMU by forcing the 1295e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell node to utilize weaker shared access for permissions where 1296e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it would normally request exclusive access. When there is 1297e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the potential for multiple instances to have the same file 1298e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell open (whether this invocation of QEMU is the first or the 1299e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell second instance), both instances must permit shared access 1300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for the second instance to succeed at opening the file. 1301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1302e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enabling ``force-share=on`` requires ``read-only=on``. 1303e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1304e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache.direct`` 1305e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The host page cache can be avoided with ``cache.direct=on``. 1306e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This will attempt to do disk IO directly to the guest's 1307e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell memory. QEMU may still perform an internal copy of the data. 1308e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache.no-flush`` 1310e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In case you don't care about data integrity over host 1311e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell failures, you can use ``cache.no-flush=on``. This option 1312e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell tells QEMU that it never needs to write any data to the disk 1313e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell but can instead keep things in cache. If anything goes 1314e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell wrong, like your host losing power, the disk storage getting 1315e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell disconnected accidentally, etc. your image will most 1316e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell probably be rendered unusable. 1317e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1318e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``discard=discard`` 1319e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell discard is one of "ignore" (or "off") or "unmap" (or "on") 1320e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and controls whether ``discard`` (also known as ``trim`` or 1321e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``unmap``) requests are ignored or passed to the filesystem. 1322e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Some machine types may not support discard requests. 1323e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1324e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``detect-zeroes=detect-zeroes`` 1325e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell detect-zeroes is "off", "on" or "unmap" and enables the 1326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell automatic conversion of plain zero writes by the OS to 1327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell driver specific optimized zero write commands. You may even 1328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell choose "unmap" if discard is set to "unmap" to allow a zero 1329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell write to be converted to an ``unmap`` operation. 1330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Driver-specific options for file`` 1332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is the protocol-level block driver for accessing regular 1333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell files. 1334e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``filename`` 1336e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The path to the image file in the local filesystem 1337e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``aio`` 1339ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella Specifies the AIO backend (threads/native/io_uring, 1340ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella default: threads) 1341e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``locking`` 1343e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies whether the image file is protected with Linux OFD 1344e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell / POSIX locks. The default is to use the Linux Open File 1345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Descriptor API if available, otherwise no lock is applied. 1346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (auto/on/off, default: auto) 1347e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 1349e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1350e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1351e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1352e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=file,node-name=disk,filename=disk.img 1353e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1354e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Driver-specific options for raw`` 1355e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is the image format block driver for raw images. It is 1356e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usually stacked on top of a protocol level block driver such as 1357e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file``. 1358e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1359e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file`` 1360e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Reference to or definition of the data source block driver 1361e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell node (e.g. a ``file`` driver node) 1362e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1363e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example 1: 1364e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1365e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1366e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1367e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=file,node-name=disk_file,filename=disk.img 1368e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=disk,file=disk_file 1369e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1370e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example 2: 1371e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1372e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1373e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1374e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=disk,file.driver=file,file.filename=disk.img 1375e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1376e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Driver-specific options for qcow2`` 1377e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is the image format block driver for qcow2 images. It is 1378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usually stacked on top of a protocol level block driver such as 1379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file``. 1380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1381e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file`` 1382e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Reference to or definition of the data source block driver 1383e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell node (e.g. a ``file`` driver node) 1384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``backing`` 1386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Reference to or definition of the backing file block device 1387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default is taken from the image file). It is allowed to 1388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pass ``null`` here in order to disable the default backing 1389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file. 1390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1391e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``lazy-refcounts`` 1392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Whether to enable the lazy refcounts feature (on/off; 1393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default is taken from the image file) 1394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache-size`` 1396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The maximum total size of the L2 table and refcount block 1397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell caches in bytes (default: the sum of l2-cache-size and 1398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell refcount-cache-size) 1399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1400e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``l2-cache-size`` 1401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The maximum size of the L2 table cache in bytes (default: if 1402e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell cache-size is not specified - 32M on Linux platforms, and 8M 1403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on non-Linux platforms; otherwise, as large as possible 1404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell within the cache-size, while permitting the requested or the 1405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell minimal refcount cache size) 1406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``refcount-cache-size`` 1408e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The maximum size of the refcount block cache in bytes 1409e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default: 4 times the cluster size; or if cache-size is 1410e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, the part of it which is not used for the L2 1411e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell cache) 1412e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1413e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache-clean-interval`` 1414e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Clean unused entries in the L2 and refcount caches. The 1415e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interval is in seconds. The default value is 600 on 1416e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supporting platforms, and 0 on other platforms. Setting it 1417e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to 0 disables this feature. 1418e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1419e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pass-discard-request`` 1420e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Whether discard requests to the qcow2 device should be 1421e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell forwarded to the data source (on/off; default: on if 1422e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell discard=unmap is specified, off otherwise) 1423e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1424e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pass-discard-snapshot`` 1425e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Whether discard requests for the data source should be 1426e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell issued when a snapshot operation (e.g. deleting a snapshot) 1427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell frees clusters in the qcow2 file (on/off; default: on) 1428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pass-discard-other`` 1430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Whether discard requests for the data source should be 1431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell issued on other occasions where a cluster gets freed 1432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (on/off; default: off) 1433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``overlap-check`` 1435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Which overlap checks to perform for writes to the image 1436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (none/constant/cached/all; default: cached). For details or 1437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell finer granularity control refer to the QAPI documentation of 1438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``blockdev-add``. 1439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example 1: 1441e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1442e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1443e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1444e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=file,node-name=my_file,filename=/tmp/disk.qcow2 1445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=qcow2,node-name=hda,file=my_file,overlap-check=none,cache-size=16777216 1446e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1447e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example 2: 1448e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=qcow2,node-name=disk,file.driver=http,file.filename=http://example.com/image.qcow2 1452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Driver-specific options for other drivers`` 1454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Please refer to the QAPI documentation of the ``blockdev-add`` 1455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QMP command. 1456e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 145742e5f393SMarkus Armbruster 14585824d651Sblueswir1DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive, 14595824d651Sblueswir1 "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n" 146092196b2fSStefan Hajnoczi " [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]\n" 1461572023f7SKevin Wolf " [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]\n" 1462ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella " [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]\n" 1463ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella " [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]\n" 1464fb0490f6SStefan Hajnoczi " [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]\n" 14652f7133b2SPeter Lieven " [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]\n" 14663e9fab69SBenoît Canet " [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]\n" 14673e9fab69SBenoît Canet " [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]\n" 14683e9fab69SBenoît Canet " [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]\n" 14693e9fab69SBenoît Canet " [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]\n" 14702024c1dfSBenoît Canet " [[,iops_size=is]]\n" 147176f4afb4SAlberto Garcia " [[,group=g]]\n" 1472ad96090aSBlue Swirl " use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1473e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-drive option[,option[,option[,...]]]`` 1475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define a new drive. This includes creating a block driver node (the 1476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell backend) as well as a guest device, and is mostly a shortcut for 1477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell defining the corresponding ``-blockdev`` and ``-device`` options. 1478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-drive`` accepts all options that are accepted by ``-blockdev``. 1480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In addition, it knows the following options: 1481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file=file`` 1483923e9311SThomas Huth This option defines which disk image (see the :ref:`disk images` 1484923e9311SThomas Huth chapter in the System Emulation Users Guide) to use with this drive. 1485923e9311SThomas Huth If the filename contains comma, you must double it (for instance, 1486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file"). 1487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Special files such as iSCSI devices can be specified using 1489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell protocol specific URLs. See the section for "Device URL Syntax" 1490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for more information. 1491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``if=interface`` 1493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines on which type on interface the drive is 1494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connected. Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, 1495e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pflash, virtio, none. 1496e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1497e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bus=bus,unit=unit`` 1498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell These options define where is connected the drive by defining 1499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the bus number and the unit id. 1500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``index=index`` 150235aab303SLaurent Vivier This option defines where the drive is connected by using an 1503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell index in the list of available connectors of a given interface 1504e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell type. 1505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``media=media`` 1507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom. 1508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``snapshot=snapshot`` 1510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell snapshot is "on" or "off" and controls snapshot mode for the 1511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell given drive (see ``-snapshot``). 1512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache=cache`` 1514e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell cache is "none", "writeback", "unsafe", "directsync" or 1515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access 1516e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell block data. This is a shortcut that sets the ``cache.direct`` 1517e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and ``cache.no-flush`` options (as in ``-blockdev``), and 1518e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell additionally ``cache.writeback``, which provides a default for 1519e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the ``write-cache`` option of block guest devices (as in 1520e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-device``). The modes correspond to the following settings: 1521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 152209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell ============= =============== ============ ============== 152309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ cache.writeback cache.direct cache.no-flush 152409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell ============= =============== ============ ============== 152509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell writeback on off off 152609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell none on on off 152709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell writethrough off off off 152809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell directsync off on off 152909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell unsafe on off on 153009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell ============= =============== ============ ============== 1531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The default mode is ``cache=writeback``. 1533e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1534e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``aio=aio`` 1535ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella aio is "threads", "native", or "io_uring" and selects between pthread 1536ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella based disk I/O, native Linux AIO, or Linux io_uring API. 1537e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``format=format`` 1539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify which disk format will be used rather than detecting the 1540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell format. Can be used to specify format=raw to avoid interpreting 1541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell an untrusted format header. 1542e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1543e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``werror=action,rerror=action`` 1544e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify which action to take on write and read errors. Valid 1545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell actions are: "ignore" (ignore the error and try to continue), 1546e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "stop" (pause QEMU), "report" (report the error to the guest), 1547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "enospc" (pause QEMU only if the host disk is full; report the 1548e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell error to the guest otherwise). The default setting is 1549e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``werror=enospc`` and ``rerror=report``. 1550e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1551e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``copy-on-read=copy-on-read`` 1552e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell copy-on-read is "on" or "off" and enables whether to copy read 1553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell backing file sectors into the image file. 1554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bps=b,bps_rd=r,bps_wr=w`` 1556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bandwidth throttling limits in bytes per second, either 1557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for all request types or for reads or writes only. Small values 1558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can lead to timeouts or hangs inside the guest. A safe minimum 1559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for disks is 2 MB/s. 1560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bps_max=bm,bps_rd_max=rm,bps_wr_max=wm`` 1562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bursts in bytes per second, either for all request types 1563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or for reads or writes only. Bursts allow the guest I/O to spike 1564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell above the limit temporarily. 1565e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``iops=i,iops_rd=r,iops_wr=w`` 1567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify request rate limits in requests per second, either for 1568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all request types or for reads or writes only. 1569e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``iops_max=bm,iops_rd_max=rm,iops_wr_max=wm`` 1571e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bursts in requests per second, either for all request 1572e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell types or for reads or writes only. Bursts allow the guest I/O to 1573e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell spike above the limit temporarily. 1574e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1575e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``iops_size=is`` 1576e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Let every is bytes of a request count as a new request for iops 1577e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell throttling purposes. Use this option to prevent guests from 1578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell circumventing iops limits by sending fewer but larger requests. 1579e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1580e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``group=g`` 1581e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Join a throttling quota group with given name g. All drives that 1582e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are members of the same group are accounted for together. Use 1583e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this option to prevent guests from circumventing throttling 1584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell limits by using many small disks instead of a single larger 1585e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell disk. 1586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell By default, the ``cache.writeback=on`` mode is used. It will report 1588e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data writes as completed as soon as the data is present in the host 1589e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell page cache. This is safe as long as your guest OS makes sure to 1590e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell correctly flush disk caches where needed. If your guest OS does not 1591e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell handle volatile disk write caches correctly and your host crashes or 1592e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell loses power, then the guest may experience data corruption. 1593e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1594e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For such guests, you should consider using ``cache.writeback=off``. 1595e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This means that the host page cache will be used to read and write 1596e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data, but write notification will be sent to the guest only after 1597e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU has made sure to flush each write to the disk. Be aware that 1598e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this has a major impact on performance. 1599e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1600e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When using the ``-snapshot`` option, unsafe caching is always used. 1601e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1602e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Copy-on-read avoids accessing the same backing file sectors 1603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell repeatedly and is useful when the backing file is over a slow 1604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network. By default copy-on-read is off. 1605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Instead of ``-cdrom`` you can use: 1607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom 1611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Instead of ``-hda``, ``-hdb``, ``-hdc``, ``-hdd``, you can use: 1613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1614e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1615e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1616e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk 1617e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk 1618e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk 1619e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk 1620e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1621e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd 1622e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell set: 1623e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1624e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1625e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1626353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| \\ 1627353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" \\ 1628353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" \\ 1629e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk 1630e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1631e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0: 1632e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1633e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1634e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1635e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom 1636e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1637e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty 1638e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell drive: 1639e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1640e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1641e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1642e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom 1643e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1644e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Instead of ``-fda``, ``-fdb``, you can use: 1645e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1646e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1647e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1648e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy 1649e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy 1650e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1651e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell By default, interface is "ide" and index is automatically 1652e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell incremented: 1653e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1654e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1655e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1656a234ec31SJohn Snow |qemu_system_x86| -drive file=a -drive file=b 1657e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1658e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is interpreted like: 1659e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1660e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1661e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1662e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -hda a -hdb b 1663e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 16645824d651Sblueswir1 16655824d651Sblueswir1DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock, 1666ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n", 1667ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1668e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1669e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-mtdblock file`` 1670e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as on-board Flash memory image. 1671e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 16725824d651Sblueswir1 16735824d651Sblueswir1DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd, 1674ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1675e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1676e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-sd file`` 1677e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as SecureDigital card image. 1678e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 16795824d651Sblueswir1 16805824d651Sblueswir1DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot, 1681ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n", 1682ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1683e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1684e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-snapshot`` 1685e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, 1686e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however 1687923e9311SThomas Huth force the write back by pressing C-a s (see the :ref:`disk images` 1688923e9311SThomas Huth chapter in the System Emulation Users Guide). 1689c1654c3eSAlex Bennée 1690c1654c3eSAlex Bennée .. warning:: 1691c1654c3eSAlex Bennée snapshot is incompatible with ``-blockdev`` (instead use qemu-img 1692c1654c3eSAlex Bennée to manually create snapshot images to attach to your blockdev). 1693c1654c3eSAlex Bennée If you have mixed ``-blockdev`` and ``-drive`` declarations you 1694c1654c3eSAlex Bennée can use the 'snapshot' property on your drive declarations 1695c1654c3eSAlex Bennée instead of this global option. 1696c1654c3eSAlex Bennée 1697e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 16985824d651Sblueswir1 169974db920cSGautham R ShenoyDEF("fsdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fsdev, 1700b44a6b09SGreg Kurz "-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none\n" 1701991c180dSPaolo Bonzini " [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]\n" 1702b8bbdb88SPradeep Jagadeesh " [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]\n" 1703b8bbdb88SPradeep Jagadeesh " [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]\n" 1704b8bbdb88SPradeep Jagadeesh " [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]\n" 1705b8bbdb88SPradeep Jagadeesh " [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]\n" 1706b44a6b09SGreg Kurz " [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]\n" 1707991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]\n" 1708991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]\n" 1709b44a6b09SGreg Kurz "-fsdev synth,id=id\n", 171074db920cSGautham R Shenoy QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 171174db920cSGautham R Shenoy 1712e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1713991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=security_model [,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode] [,throttling.option=value[,throttling.option=value[,...]]]`` 171409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1715991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on]`` 171609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1717991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on]`` 171809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1719991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-fsdev synth,id=id[,readonly=on]`` 1720e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define a new file system device. Valid options are: 1721e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1722e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``local`` 1723e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accesses to the filesystem are done by QEMU. 1724e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1725e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``proxy`` 1726e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accesses to the filesystem are done by virtfs-proxy-helper(1). 1727e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1728e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``synth`` 1729e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Synthetic filesystem, only used by QTests. 1730e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1731e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=id`` 1732e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies identifier for this device. 1733e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1734e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path=path`` 1735e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files 1736e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell under this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest. 1737e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1738e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``security_model=security_model`` 1739e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the security model to be used for this export path. 1740e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", 1741e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file" and "none". In "passthrough" security model, files 1742e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are stored using the same credentials as they are created on the 1743e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. This requires QEMU to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" 1744e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model, some of the file attributes like uid, gid, mode 1745e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bits and link target are stored as file attributes. For 1746e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the hidden 1747e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .virtfs\_metadata directory. Directories exported by this 1748e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model cannot interact with other unix tools. "none" 1749e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model is same as passthrough except the sever won't 1750e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell report failures if it fails to set file attributes like 1751e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ownership. Security model is mandatory only for local fsdriver. 1752e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Other fsdrivers (like proxy) don't take security model as a 1753e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter. 1754e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1755e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``writeout=writeout`` 1756e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is an optional argument. The only supported value is 1757e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "immediate". This means that host page cache will be used to 1758e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell read and write data but write notification will be sent to the 1759e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest only when the data has been reported as written by the 1760e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell storage subsystem. 1761e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1762991c180dSPaolo Bonzini ``readonly=on`` 1763e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By 1764e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default read-write access is given. 1765e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1766e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``socket=socket`` 1767e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for 1768e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper(1). 1769e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1770e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sock_fd=sock_fd`` 1771e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket descriptor 1772e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper(1). Usually a helper 1773e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell like libvirt will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as 1774e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sock\_fd. 1775e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1776e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fmode=fmode`` 1777e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the default mode for newly created files on the host. 1778e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Works only with security models "mapped-xattr" and 1779e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file". 1780e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1781e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dmode=dmode`` 1782e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the default mode for newly created directories on the 1783e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host. Works only with security models "mapped-xattr" and 1784e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file". 1785e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1786e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.bps-total=b,throttling.bps-read=r,throttling.bps-write=w`` 1787e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bandwidth throttling limits in bytes per second, either 1788e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for all request types or for reads or writes only. 1789e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1790e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.bps-total-max=bm,bps-read-max=rm,bps-write-max=wm`` 1791e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bursts in bytes per second, either for all request types 1792e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or for reads or writes only. Bursts allow the guest I/O to spike 1793e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell above the limit temporarily. 1794e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1795e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.iops-total=i,throttling.iops-read=r, throttling.iops-write=w`` 1796e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify request rate limits in requests per second, either for 1797e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all request types or for reads or writes only. 1798e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1799e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.iops-total-max=im,throttling.iops-read-max=irm, throttling.iops-write-max=iwm`` 1800e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bursts in requests per second, either for all request 1801e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell types or for reads or writes only. Bursts allow the guest I/O to 1802e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell spike above the limit temporarily. 1803e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1804e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.iops-size=is`` 1805e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Let every is bytes of a request count as a new request for iops 1806e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell throttling purposes. 1807e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1808e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -fsdev option is used along with -device driver "virtio-9p-...". 1809e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1810e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device virtio-9p-type,fsdev=id,mount_tag=mount_tag`` 1811e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Options for virtio-9p-... driver are: 1812e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1813e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``type`` 1814e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the variant to be used. Supported values are "pci", 1815e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "ccw" or "device", depending on the machine type. 1816e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1817e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fsdev=id`` 1818e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the id value specified along with -fsdev option. 1819e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1820e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mount_tag=mount_tag`` 1821e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the tag name to be used by the guest to mount this 1822e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export point. 1823e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 182474db920cSGautham R Shenoy 18253d54abc7SGautham R ShenoyDEF("virtfs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs, 1826b44a6b09SGreg Kurz "-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none\n" 1827991c180dSPaolo Bonzini " [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]\n" 1828991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]\n" 1829991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]\n" 1830991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]\n", 18313d54abc7SGautham R Shenoy QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 18323d54abc7SGautham R Shenoy 1833e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1834991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=mount_tag ,security_model=security_model[,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on] [,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=multidevs]`` 183509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1836991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-virtfs proxy,socket=socket,mount_tag=mount_tag [,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on]`` 183709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1838991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-virtfs proxy,sock_fd=sock_fd,mount_tag=mount_tag [,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on]`` 183909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 184009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-virtfs synth,mount_tag=mount_tag`` 184165abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck Define a new virtual filesystem device and expose it to the guest using 184265abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck a virtio-9p-device (a.k.a. 9pfs), which essentially means that a certain 184365abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck directory on host is made directly accessible by guest as a pass-through 184465abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck file system by using the 9P network protocol for communication between 184565abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck host and guests, if desired even accessible, shared by several guests 18462cb40d44SStefan Weil simultaneously. 184765abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck 184865abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck Note that ``-virtfs`` is actually just a convenience shortcut for its 184965abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck generalized form ``-fsdev -device virtio-9p-pci``. 185065abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck 185165abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck The general form of pass-through file system options are: 1852e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1853e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``local`` 1854e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accesses to the filesystem are done by QEMU. 1855e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1856e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``proxy`` 1857e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accesses to the filesystem are done by virtfs-proxy-helper(1). 1858e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1859e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``synth`` 1860e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Synthetic filesystem, only used by QTests. 1861e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1862e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=id`` 1863e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies identifier for the filesystem device 1864e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1865e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path=path`` 1866e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files 1867e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell under this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest. 1868e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1869e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``security_model=security_model`` 1870e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the security model to be used for this export path. 1871e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", 1872e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file" and "none". In "passthrough" security model, files 1873e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are stored using the same credentials as they are created on the 1874e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. This requires QEMU to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" 1875e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model, some of the file attributes like uid, gid, mode 1876e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bits and link target are stored as file attributes. For 1877e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the hidden 1878e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .virtfs\_metadata directory. Directories exported by this 1879e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model cannot interact with other unix tools. "none" 1880e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model is same as passthrough except the sever won't 1881e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell report failures if it fails to set file attributes like 1882e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ownership. Security model is mandatory only for local fsdriver. 1883e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Other fsdrivers (like proxy) don't take security model as a 1884e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter. 1885e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1886e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``writeout=writeout`` 1887e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is an optional argument. The only supported value is 1888e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "immediate". This means that host page cache will be used to 1889e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell read and write data but write notification will be sent to the 1890e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest only when the data has been reported as written by the 1891e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell storage subsystem. 1892e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1893991c180dSPaolo Bonzini ``readonly=on`` 1894e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By 1895e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default read-write access is given. 1896e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1897e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``socket=socket`` 1898e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for 1899e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper(1). Usually a helper like 1900e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell libvirt will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as 1901e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sock\_fd. 1902e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1903e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sock_fd`` 1904e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed 'sock\_fd' as the 1905e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket descriptor for interfacing with virtfs-proxy-helper(1). 1906e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1907e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fmode=fmode`` 1908e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the default mode for newly created files on the host. 1909e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Works only with security models "mapped-xattr" and 1910e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file". 1911e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1912e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dmode=dmode`` 1913e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the default mode for newly created directories on the 1914e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host. Works only with security models "mapped-xattr" and 1915e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file". 1916e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1917e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mount_tag=mount_tag`` 1918e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the tag name to be used by the guest to mount this 1919e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export point. 1920e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1921e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``multidevs=multidevs`` 1922e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies how to deal with multiple devices being shared with a 1923e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 9p export. Supported behaviours are either "remap", "forbid" or 1924e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "warn". The latter is the default behaviour on which virtfs 9p 1925e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell expects only one device to be shared with the same export, and 1926e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell if more than one device is shared and accessed via the same 9p 1927e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export then only a warning message is logged (once) by qemu on 1928e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host side. In order to avoid file ID collisions on guest you 1929e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should either create a separate virtfs export for each device to 1930e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be shared with guests (recommended way) or you might use "remap" 1931e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instead which allows you to share multiple devices with only one 1932e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export instead, which is achieved by remapping the original 1933e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell inode numbers from host to guest in a way that would prevent 1934e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell such collisions. Remapping inodes in such use cases is required 1935e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell because the original device IDs from host are never passed and 1936e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell exposed on guest. Instead all files of an export shared with 1937e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell virtfs always share the same device id on guest. So two files 1938e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with identical inode numbers but from actually different devices 1939e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on host would otherwise cause a file ID collision and hence 1940e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell potential misbehaviours on guest. "forbid" on the other hand 1941e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assumes like "warn" that only one device is shared by the same 1942e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export, however it will not only log a warning message but also 1943e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell deny access to additional devices on guest. Note though that 1944e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "forbid" does currently not block all possible file access 1945e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operations (e.g. readdir() would still return entries from other 1946e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell devices). 1947e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 19483d54abc7SGautham R Shenoy 194961d70487SMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("iscsi", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_iscsi, 1950c3b3a6c9SDaniel P. Berrangé "-iscsi [user=user][,password=password][,password-secret=secret-id]\n" 1951c3b3a6c9SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE]\n" 195261d70487SMarkus Armbruster " [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]\n" 195361d70487SMarkus Armbruster " [,timeout=timeout]\n" 195461d70487SMarkus Armbruster " iSCSI session parameters\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 195561d70487SMarkus Armbruster 1956e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1957e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-iscsi`` 1958e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure iSCSI session parameters. 1959e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 196044743148SMarkus Armbruster 19615824d651Sblueswir1DEFHEADING() 19625824d651Sblueswir1 1963c2a34ab2SThomas HuthDEFHEADING(USB convenience options:) 196410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 196510adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb, 196673f46fefSStefan Hajnoczi "-usb enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)\n", 196710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1968e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1969e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-usb`` 1970e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable USB emulation on machine types with an on-board USB host 1971e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell controller (if not enabled by default). Note that on-board USB host 1972e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell controllers may not support USB 3.0. In this case 1973e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-device qemu-xhci`` can be used instead on machines with PCI. 1974e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 197510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 197610adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice, 197710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n", 197810adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1979e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-usbdevice devname`` 1981c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Add the USB device devname, and enable an on-board USB controller 1982c2a34ab2SThomas Huth if possible and necessary (just like it can be done via 1983c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``-machine usb=on``). Note that this option is mainly intended for 1984c2a34ab2SThomas Huth the user's convenience only. More fine-grained control can be 1985c2a34ab2SThomas Huth achieved by selecting a USB host controller (if necessary) and the 1986c2a34ab2SThomas Huth desired USB device via the ``-device`` option instead. For example, 1987c2a34ab2SThomas Huth instead of using ``-usbdevice mouse`` it is possible to use 1988c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``-device qemu-xhci -device usb-mouse`` to connect the USB mouse 1989c2a34ab2SThomas Huth to a USB 3.0 controller instead (at least on machines that support 1990c2a34ab2SThomas Huth PCI and do not have an USB controller enabled by default yet). 1991c2a34ab2SThomas Huth For more details, see the chapter about 1992923e9311SThomas Huth :ref:`Connecting USB devices` in the System Emulation Users Guide. 1993c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Possible devices for devname are: 1994c2a34ab2SThomas Huth 1995c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``braille`` 1996c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille 1997c2a34ab2SThomas Huth output on a real or fake device (i.e. it also creates a 1998c2a34ab2SThomas Huth corresponding ``braille`` chardev automatically beside the 1999c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``usb-braille`` USB device). 2000c2a34ab2SThomas Huth 2001c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``keyboard`` 2002c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Standard USB keyboard. Will override the PS/2 keyboard (if present). 2003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mouse`` 2005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when 2006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell activated. 2007e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2008e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tablet`` 2009e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a 2010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell touchscreen). This means QEMU is able to report the mouse 2011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell position without having to grab the mouse. Also overrides the 2012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell PS/2 mouse emulation when activated. 2013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2014c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``wacom-tablet`` 2015c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Wacom PenPartner USB tablet. 2016c2a34ab2SThomas Huth 2017c2a34ab2SThomas Huth 2018e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 201910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 202010adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING() 202110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 2022de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Display options:) 20235824d651Sblueswir1 20241472a95bSJes SorensenDEF("display", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_display, 202588b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE) 2026d8aec9d9SMarc-André Lureau "-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]\n" 202788b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 202888b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_SDL) 2029a743d60bSThomas Huth "-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]\n" 2030a743d60bSThomas Huth " [,window-close=on|off]\n" 203188b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 203288b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_GTK) 203395f439bdSThomas Huth "-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]\n" 2034c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner " [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]\n" 2035dbccb1a5SBryce Mills " [,show-menubar=on|off]\n" 203688b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 203788b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_VNC) 2038f04ec5afSRobert Ho "-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]\n" 203988b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 204088b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_CURSES) 20412f8b7cd5SSamuel Thibault "-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]\n" 204288b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 2043f844cdb9SGustavo Noronha Silva#if defined(CONFIG_COCOA) 20444797adceSGustavo Noronha Silva "-display cocoa[,full-grab=on|off][,swap-opt-cmd=on|off]\n" 2045f844cdb9SGustavo Noronha Silva#endif 204688b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL) 204788b40c68SThomas Huth "-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]\n" 204888b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 2049142ca628SMarc-André Lureau#if defined(CONFIG_DBUS_DISPLAY) 2050142ca628SMarc-André Lureau "-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]\n" 2051142ca628SMarc-André Lureau " [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]\n" 2052142ca628SMarc-André Lureau#endif 205348941a52SCarwyn Ellis#if defined(CONFIG_COCOA) 205448941a52SCarwyn Ellis "-display cocoa[,show-cursor=on|off][,left-command-key=on|off]\n" 205548941a52SCarwyn Ellis#endif 2056144aaa99SErik Skultety "-display none\n" 205788b40c68SThomas Huth " select display backend type\n" 2058f04ec5afSRobert Ho " The default display is equivalent to\n " 2059f04ec5afSRobert Ho#if defined(CONFIG_GTK) 206088b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-display gtk\"\n" 2061f04ec5afSRobert Ho#elif defined(CONFIG_SDL) 206288b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-display sdl\"\n" 2063f04ec5afSRobert Ho#elif defined(CONFIG_COCOA) 206488b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-display cocoa\"\n" 2065f04ec5afSRobert Ho#elif defined(CONFIG_VNC) 206688b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-vnc localhost:0,to=99,id=default\"\n" 2067f04ec5afSRobert Ho#else 206888b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-display none\"\n" 2069f04ec5afSRobert Ho#endif 2070f04ec5afSRobert Ho , QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2071e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2072e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-display type`` 2073707d93d4SThomas Huth Select type of display to use. Use ``-display help`` to list the available 2074707d93d4SThomas Huth display types. Valid values for type are 2075e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2076ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied ``spice-app[,gl=on|off]`` 2077ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied Start QEMU as a Spice server and launch the default Spice client 2078ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied application. The Spice server will redirect the serial consoles 2079ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied and QEMU monitors. (Since 4.0) 2080ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied 2081142ca628SMarc-André Lureau ``dbus`` 2082142ca628SMarc-André Lureau Export the display over D-Bus interfaces. (Since 7.0) 2083142ca628SMarc-André Lureau 2084142ca628SMarc-André Lureau The connection is registered with the "org.qemu" name (and queued when 2085142ca628SMarc-André Lureau already owned). 2086142ca628SMarc-André Lureau 2087142ca628SMarc-André Lureau ``addr=<dbusaddr>`` : D-Bus bus address to connect to. 2088142ca628SMarc-André Lureau 208999997823SMarc-André Lureau ``p2p=yes|no`` : Use peer-to-peer connection, accepted via QMP ``add_client``. 209099997823SMarc-André Lureau 209199997823SMarc-André Lureau ``gl=on|off|core|es`` : Use OpenGL for rendering (the D-Bus interface 209299997823SMarc-André Lureau will share framebuffers with DMABUF file descriptors). 2093142ca628SMarc-André Lureau 209495f439bdSThomas Huth ``sdl`` 2095e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Display video output via SDL (usually in a separate graphics 2096e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell window; see the SDL documentation for other possibilities). 209795f439bdSThomas Huth Valid parameters are: 2098e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 20998e8e844bSThomas Huth ``grab-mod=<mods>`` : Used to select the modifier keys for toggling 2100450e0f28SJohn Snow the mouse grabbing in conjunction with the "g" key. ``<mods>`` can be 2101450e0f28SJohn Snow either ``lshift-lctrl-lalt`` or ``rctrl``. 21028e8e844bSThomas Huth 210395f439bdSThomas Huth ``gl=on|off|core|es`` : Use OpenGL for displaying 210495f439bdSThomas Huth 210595f439bdSThomas Huth ``show-cursor=on|off`` : Force showing the mouse cursor 210695f439bdSThomas Huth 210795f439bdSThomas Huth ``window-close=on|off`` : Allow to quit qemu with window close button 210895f439bdSThomas Huth 210995f439bdSThomas Huth ``gtk`` 2110ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied Display video output in a GTK window. This interface provides 2111ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied drop-down menus and other UI elements to configure and control 211295f439bdSThomas Huth the VM during runtime. Valid parameters are: 211395f439bdSThomas Huth 211495f439bdSThomas Huth ``full-screen=on|off`` : Start in fullscreen mode 211595f439bdSThomas Huth 211695f439bdSThomas Huth ``gl=on|off`` : Use OpenGL for displaying 211795f439bdSThomas Huth 211895f439bdSThomas Huth ``grab-on-hover=on|off`` : Grab keyboard input on mouse hover 211995f439bdSThomas Huth 2120c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner ``show-tabs=on|off`` : Display the tab bar for switching between the 2121c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner various graphical interfaces (e.g. VGA and 2122c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner virtual console character devices) by default. 2123c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner 212495f439bdSThomas Huth ``show-cursor=on|off`` : Force showing the mouse cursor 212595f439bdSThomas Huth 212695f439bdSThomas Huth ``window-close=on|off`` : Allow to quit qemu with window close button 2127ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied 2128dbccb1a5SBryce Mills ``show-menubar=on|off`` : Display the main window menubar, defaults to "on" 2129dbccb1a5SBryce Mills 2130ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied ``curses[,charset=<encoding>]`` 2131e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Display video output via curses. For graphics device models 2132e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which support a text mode, QEMU can display this output using a 2133e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed when the graphics 2134e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device is in graphical mode or if the graphics device does not 2135e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell support a text mode. Generally only the VGA device models 2136e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell support text mode. The font charset used by the guest can be 2137e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified with the ``charset`` option, for example 2138e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``charset=CP850`` for IBM CP850 encoding. The default is 2139e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``CP437``. 2140e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 214148941a52SCarwyn Ellis ``cocoa`` 214248941a52SCarwyn Ellis Display video output in a Cocoa window. Mac only. This interface 214348941a52SCarwyn Ellis provides drop-down menus and other UI elements to configure and 214448941a52SCarwyn Ellis control the VM during runtime. Valid parameters are: 214548941a52SCarwyn Ellis 214648941a52SCarwyn Ellis ``show-cursor=on|off`` : Force showing the mouse cursor 214748941a52SCarwyn Ellis 214848941a52SCarwyn Ellis ``left-command-key=on|off`` : Disable forwarding left command key to host 214948941a52SCarwyn Ellis 215095f439bdSThomas Huth ``egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]`` 2151ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied Offload all OpenGL operations to a local DRI device. For any 2152ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied graphical display, this display needs to be paired with either 2153ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied VNC or SPICE displays. 2154ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied 215595f439bdSThomas Huth ``vnc=<display>`` 215695f439bdSThomas Huth Start a VNC server on display <display> 215795f439bdSThomas Huth 2158e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``none`` 2159e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Do not display video output. The guest will still see an 2160e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulated graphics card, but its output will not be displayed to 2161e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the QEMU user. This option differs from the -nographic option in 2162e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that it only affects what is done with video output; -nographic 2163e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell also changes the destination of the serial and parallel port 2164e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data. 2165e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 21661472a95bSJes Sorensen 21675824d651Sblueswir1DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic, 2168ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n", 2169ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2170e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2171e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-nographic`` 2172e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Normally, if QEMU is compiled with graphical window support, it 2173e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell displays output such as guest graphics, guest console, and the QEMU 2174e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell monitor in a window. With this option, you can totally disable 2175e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell graphical output so that QEMU is a simple command line application. 2176e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The emulated serial port is redirected on the console and muxed with 2177e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the monitor (unless redirected elsewhere explicitly). Therefore, you 2178e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel with a serial console. 2179e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use C-a h for help on switching between the console and monitor. 2180e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 21815824d651Sblueswir1 21825324e3e9SMarc-André Lureau#ifdef CONFIG_SPICE 218329b0040bSGerd HoffmannDEF("spice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_spice, 218427af7788SYonit Halperin "-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]\n" 218527af7788SYonit Halperin " [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]\n" 218627af7788SYonit Halperin " [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]\n" 2187a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]\n" 2188a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]\n" 218927af7788SYonit Halperin " [,tls-ciphers=<list>]\n" 219027af7788SYonit Halperin " [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n" 219127af7788SYonit Halperin " [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n" 219299522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]\n" 219336debafdSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,password-secret=<secret-id>]\n" 219427af7788SYonit Halperin " [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]\n" 219527af7788SYonit Halperin " [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n" 219627af7788SYonit Halperin " [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n" 2197a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]\n" 2198a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]\n" 21995ad24e5fSHans de Goede " [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]\n" 22007b525508SMarc-André Lureau " [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]\n" 220127af7788SYonit Halperin " enable spice\n" 220227af7788SYonit Halperin " at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory\n", 220327af7788SYonit Halperin QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 22045324e3e9SMarc-André Lureau#endif 2205e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-spice option[,option[,...]]`` 2207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable the spice remote desktop protocol. Valid options are 2208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2209e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``port=<nr>`` 2210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the TCP port spice is listening on for plaintext channels. 2211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``addr=<addr>`` 2213e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the IP address spice is listening on. Default is any 2214e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell address. 2215e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2216a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``ipv4=on|off``; \ ``ipv6=on|off``; \ ``unix=on|off`` 2217e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Force using the specified IP version. 2218e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 221999522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé ``password-secret=<secret-id>`` 222099522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé Set the ID of the ``secret`` object containing the password 222199522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé you need to authenticate. 222299522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé 2223a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``sasl=on|off`` 2224e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the spice. 2225e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled 2226e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from the system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' 2227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell service. This is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If 2228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell running QEMU as an unprivileged user, an environment variable 2229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell SASL\_CONF\_PATH can be used to make it search alternate 2230e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell locations for the service config. While some SASL auth methods 2231e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), it is recommended 2232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and 'x509' settings 2233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This ensures a 2234e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data encryption preventing compromise of authentication 2235e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials. 2236e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2237a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``disable-ticketing=on|off`` 2238e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Allow client connects without authentication. 2239e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2240a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``disable-copy-paste=on|off`` 2241e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable copy paste between the client and the guest. 2242e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2243a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off`` 2244e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable spice-vdagent based file-xfer between the client and the 2245e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. 2246e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2247e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-port=<nr>`` 2248e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the TCP port spice is listening on for encrypted channels. 2249e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2250e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``x509-dir=<dir>`` 2251e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the x509 file directory. Expects same filenames as -vnc 2252e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell $display,x509=$dir 2253e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2254e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``x509-key-file=<file>``; \ ``x509-key-password=<file>``; \ ``x509-cert-file=<file>``; \ ``x509-cacert-file=<file>``; \ ``x509-dh-key-file=<file>`` 2255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The x509 file names can also be configured individually. 2256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2257e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-ciphers=<list>`` 2258e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify which ciphers to use. 2259e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2260e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]``; \ ``plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]`` 2261e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Force specific channel to be used with or without TLS 2262e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encryption. The options can be specified multiple times to 2263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell configure multiple channels. The special name "default" can be 2264e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell used to set the default mode. For channels which are not 2265e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell explicitly forced into one mode the spice client is allowed to 2266e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pick tls/plaintext as he pleases. 2267e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2268e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]`` 2269e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure image compression (lossless). Default is auto\_glz. 2270e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2271e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]``; \ ``zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]`` 2272e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure wan image compression (lossy for slow links). Default 2273e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is auto. 2274e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``streaming-video=[off|all|filter]`` 2276e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure video stream detection. Default is off. 2277e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``agent-mouse=[on|off]`` 2279e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable/disable passing mouse events via vdagent. Default is on. 2280e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``playback-compression=[on|off]`` 2282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable/disable audio stream compression (using celt 0.5.1). 2283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Default is on. 2284e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2285e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``seamless-migration=[on|off]`` 2286e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable/disable spice seamless migration. Default is off. 2287e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2288e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``gl=[on|off]`` 2289e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable/disable OpenGL context. Default is off. 2290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2291e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``rendernode=<file>`` 2292e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell DRM render node for OpenGL rendering. If not specified, it will 2293e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pick the first available. (Since 2.9) 2294e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 229529b0040bSGerd Hoffmann 22965824d651Sblueswir1DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait, 2297ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n", 2298ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2299e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-portrait`` 2301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD). 2302e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 23035824d651Sblueswir1 23049312805dSVasily KhoruzhickDEF("rotate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rotate, 23059312805dSVasily Khoruzhick "-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)\n", 23069312805dSVasily Khoruzhick QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2307e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2308e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-rotate deg`` 2309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD). 2310e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 23119312805dSVasily Khoruzhick 23125824d651Sblueswir1DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga, 2313a94f0c5cSGerd Hoffmann "-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]\n" 2314ad96090aSBlue Swirl " select video card type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2315e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2316e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-vga type`` 2317e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for type are 2318e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2319e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cirrus`` 2320e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting 2321e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For 2322e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell optimal performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and 2323e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the host OS. (This card was the default before QEMU 2.2) 2324e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2325e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``std`` 2326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS 2327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if 2328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell you want to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you 2329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should use this option. (This card is the default since QEMU 2330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2.2) 2331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vmware`` 2333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have 2334e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sufficiently recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a 2335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell driver for this card. 2336e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2337e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``qxl`` 2338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QXL paravirtual graphic card. It is VGA compatible (including 2339e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VESA 2.0 VBE support). Works best with qxl guest drivers 2340e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell installed though. Recommended choice when using the spice 2341e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell protocol. 2342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2343e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tcx`` 2344e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (sun4m only) Sun TCX framebuffer. This is the default 2345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell framebuffer for sun4m machines and offers both 8-bit and 24-bit 2346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell colour depths at a fixed resolution of 1024x768. 2347e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cg3`` 2349e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (sun4m only) Sun cgthree framebuffer. This is a simple 8-bit 2350e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell framebuffer for sun4m machines available in both 1024x768 2351e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (OpenBIOS) and 1152x900 (OBP) resolutions aimed at people 2352e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell wishing to run older Solaris versions. 2353e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2354e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``virtio`` 2355e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Virtio VGA card. 2356e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2357e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``none`` 2358e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable VGA card. 2359e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 23605824d651Sblueswir1 23615824d651Sblueswir1DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen, 2362ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-full-screen start in full screen\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2363e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2364e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-full-screen`` 2365e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Start in full screen. 2366e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 23675824d651Sblueswir1 236860f9a4efSJohn SnowDEF("g", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_g , 2369ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n", 23708ac919a0SLaurent Vivier QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC | QEMU_ARCH_M68K) 2371e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 237209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-g`` *width*\ ``x``\ *height*\ ``[x``\ *depth*\ ``]`` 2373e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the initial graphical resolution and depth (PPC, SPARC only). 2374e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2375e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For PPC the default is 800x600x32. 2376e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2377e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For SPARC with the TCX graphics device, the default is 1024x768x8 2378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with the option of 1024x768x24. For cgthree, the default is 2379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1024x768x8 with the option of 1152x900x8 for people who wish to use 2380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell OBP. 2381e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 23825824d651Sblueswir1 23835824d651Sblueswir1DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc , 2384f04ec5afSRobert Ho "-vnc <display> shorthand for -display vnc=<display>\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2385e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-vnc display[,option[,option[,...]]]`` 2387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Normally, if QEMU is compiled with graphical window support, it 2388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell displays output such as guest graphics, guest console, and the QEMU 2389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell monitor in a window. With this option, you can have QEMU listen on 2390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VNC display display and redirect the VGA display over the VNC 2391e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell session. It is very useful to enable the usb tablet device when 2392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using this option (option ``-device usb-tablet``). When using the 2393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VNC display, you must use the ``-k`` parameter to set the keyboard 2394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell layout if you are not using en-us. Valid syntax for the display is 2395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``to=L`` 2397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell With this option, QEMU will try next available VNC displays, 2398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell until the number L, if the origianlly defined "-vnc display" is 2399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell not available, e.g. port 5900+display is already used by another 2400e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell application. By default, to=0. 2401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2402e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``host:d`` 2403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TCP connections will only be allowed from host on display d. By 2404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell convention the TCP port is 5900+d. Optionally, host can be 2405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell omitted in which case the server will accept connections from 2406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell any host. 2407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2408e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``unix:path`` 2409e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where path 2410e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is the location of a unix socket to listen for connections on. 2411e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2412e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``none`` 2413e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor ``change`` 2414e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell command can be used to later start the VNC server. 2415e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2416e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Following the display value there may be one or more option flags 2417e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell separated by commas. Valid options are 2418e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 241982a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``reverse=on|off`` 2420e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a listening VNC client via a "reverse" connection. 2421e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The client is specified by the display. For reverse network 2422e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connections (host:d,``reverse``), the d argument is a TCP port 2423e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell number, not a display number. 2424e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 242582a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``websocket=on|off`` 2426e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Opens an additional TCP listening port dedicated to VNC 2427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Websocket connections. If a bare websocket option is given, the 2428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Websocket port is 5700+display. An alternative port can be 2429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified with the syntax ``websocket``\ =port. 2430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If host is specified connections will only be allowed from this 2432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host. It is possible to control the websocket listen address 2433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell independently, using the syntax ``websocket``\ =host:port. 2434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If no TLS credentials are provided, the websocket connection 2436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell runs in unencrypted mode. If TLS credentials are provided, the 2437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell websocket connection requires encrypted client connections. 2438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 243982a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``password=on|off`` 2440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Require that password based authentication is used for client 2441e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connections. 2442e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2443e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The password must be set separately using the ``set_password`` 2444923e9311SThomas Huth command in the :ref:`QEMU monitor`. The 2445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell syntax to change your password is: 2446e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``set_password <protocol> <password>`` where <protocol> could be 2447e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell either "vnc" or "spice". 2448e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you would like to change <protocol> password expiration, you 2450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should use ``expire_password <protocol> <expiration-time>`` 2451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell where expiration time could be one of the following options: 2452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell now, never, +seconds or UNIX time of expiration, e.g. +60 to 2453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell make password expire in 60 seconds, or 1335196800 to make 2454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell password expire on "Mon Apr 23 12:00:00 EDT 2012" (UNIX time for 2455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this date and time). 2456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can also use keywords "now" or "never" for the expiration 2458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell time to allow <protocol> password to expire immediately or never 2459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell expire. 2460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 24616c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé ``password-secret=<secret-id>`` 24626c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé Require that password based authentication is used for client 24636c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé connections, using the password provided by the ``secret`` 24646c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé object identified by ``secret-id``. 24656c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé 2466e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-creds=ID`` 2467e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Provides the ID of a set of TLS credentials to use to secure the 2468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VNC server. They will apply to both the normal VNC server socket 2469e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and the websocket socket (if enabled). Setting TLS credentials 2470e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will cause the VNC server socket to enable the VeNCrypt auth 2471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell mechanism. The credentials should have been previously created 2472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using the ``-object tls-creds`` argument. 2473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-authz=ID`` 2475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Provides the ID of the QAuthZ authorization object against which 2476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the client's x509 distinguished name will validated. This object 2477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is only resolved at time of use, so can be deleted and recreated 2478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on the fly while the VNC server is active. If missing, it will 2479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default to denying access. 2480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 248182a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``sasl=on|off`` 2482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC 2483e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. The exact choice of authentication method used is 2484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell controlled from the system / user's SASL configuration file for 2485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the 'qemu' service. This is typically found in 2486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an unprivileged user, 2487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell an environment variable SASL\_CONF\_PATH can be used to make it 2488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell search alternate locations for the service config. While some 2489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), 2490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' 2491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and 'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server 2492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell certificates. This ensures a data encryption preventing 2493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell compromise of authentication credentials. See the 2494923e9311SThomas Huth :ref:`VNC security` section in the System Emulation Users Guide 2495923e9311SThomas Huth for details on using SASL authentication. 2496e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2497e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sasl-authz=ID`` 2498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Provides the ID of the QAuthZ authorization object against which 2499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the client's SASL username will validated. This object is only 2500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell resolved at time of use, so can be deleted and recreated on the 2501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell fly while the VNC server is active. If missing, it will default 2502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to denying access. 2503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 250482a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``acl=on|off`` 2505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Legacy method for enabling authorization of clients against the 2506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell x509 distinguished name and SASL username. It results in the 2507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell creation of two ``authz-list`` objects with IDs of 2508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vnc.username`` and ``vnc.x509dname``. The rules for these 2509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell objects must be configured with the HMP ACL commands. 2510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option is deprecated and should no longer be used. The new 2512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sasl-authz`` and ``tls-authz`` options are a replacement. 2513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 251482a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``lossy=on|off`` 2515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable lossy compression methods (gradient, JPEG, ...). If this 2516e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option is set, VNC client may receive lossy framebuffer updates 2517e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell depending on its encoding settings. Enabling this option can 2518e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell save a lot of bandwidth at the expense of quality. 2519e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 252082a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``non-adaptive=on|off`` 2521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable adaptive encodings. Adaptive encodings are enabled by 2522e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default. An adaptive encoding will try to detect frequently 2523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell updated screen regions, and send updates in these regions using 2524e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a lossy encoding (like JPEG). This can be really helpful to save 2525e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bandwidth when playing videos. Disabling adaptive encodings 2526e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell restores the original static behavior of encodings like Tight. 2527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``share=[allow-exclusive|force-shared|ignore]`` 2529e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set display sharing policy. 'allow-exclusive' allows clients to 2530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ask for exclusive access. As suggested by the rfb spec this is 2531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell implemented by dropping other connections. Connecting multiple 2532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell clients in parallel requires all clients asking for a shared 2533e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell session (vncviewer: -shared switch). This is the default. 2534e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'force-shared' disables exclusive client access. Useful for 2535e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell shared desktop sessions, where you don't want someone forgetting 2536e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specify -shared disconnect everybody else. 'ignore' completely 2537e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ignores the shared flag and allows everybody connect 2538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell unconditionally. Doesn't conform to the rfb spec but is 2539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell traditional QEMU behavior. 2540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``key-delay-ms`` 2542e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set keyboard delay, for key down and key up events, in 2543e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell milliseconds. Default is 10. Keyboards are low-bandwidth 2544e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell devices, so this slowdown can help the device and guest to keep 2545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell up and not lose events in case events are arriving in bulk. 2546e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Possible causes for the latter are flaky network connections, or 2547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell scripts for automated testing. 2548e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2549e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``audiodev=audiodev`` 2550e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use the specified audiodev when the VNC client requests audio 2551e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell transmission. When not using an -audiodev argument, this option 2552e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must be omitted, otherwise is must be present and specify a 2553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell valid audiodev. 25547b5fa0b5SDaniel P. Berrangé 255582a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``power-control=on|off`` 25567b5fa0b5SDaniel P. Berrangé Permit the remote client to issue shutdown, reboot or reset power 25577b5fa0b5SDaniel P. Berrangé control requests. 2558e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25595824d651Sblueswir1 2560a3adb7adSMichael EllermanARCHHEADING(, QEMU_ARCH_I386) 25615824d651Sblueswir1 2562de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterARCHHEADING(i386 target only:, QEMU_ARCH_I386) 25635824d651Sblueswir1 25645824d651Sblueswir1DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack, 2565ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n", 2566ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2567e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-win2k-hack`` 2569e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After 2570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this 2571e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option slows down the IDE transfers). 2572e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25735824d651Sblueswir1 25745824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk, 2575ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n", 2576ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2577e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-fd-bootchk`` 2579e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in BIOS. May be 2580e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell needed to boot from old floppy disks. 2581e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25825824d651Sblueswir1 25835824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi, 2584f5d8c8cdSShannon Zhao "-no-acpi disable ACPI\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386 | QEMU_ARCH_ARM) 2585e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-acpi`` 2587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. 2588e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target 2589e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell machine only). 2590e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25915824d651Sblueswir1 25925824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet, 2593ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-no-hpet disable HPET\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2594e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2595e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-hpet`` 2596df37330cSThomas Huth Disable HPET support. Deprecated, use '-machine hpet=off' instead. 2597e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25985824d651Sblueswir1 25995824d651Sblueswir1DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable, 2600104bf02eSMichael Tokarev "-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]\n" 2601ad96090aSBlue Swirl " ACPI table description\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2602e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n] [,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]`` 2604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from 2605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified files. For file=, take whole ACPI table from the specified 2606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell files, including all ACPI headers (possible overridden by other 2607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options). For data=, only data portion of the table is used, all 2608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell header information is specified in the command line. If a SLIC table 2609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is supplied to QEMU, then the SLIC's oem\_id and oem\_table\_id 2610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell fields will override the same in the RSDT and the FADT (a.k.a. 2611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell FACP), in order to ensure the field matches required by the 2612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Microsoft SLIC spec and the ACPI spec. 2613e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 26145824d651Sblueswir1 2615b6f6e3d3SaliguoriDEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios, 2616b6f6e3d3Saliguori "-smbios file=binary\n" 2617ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n" 2618b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]\n" 2619b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " [,uefi=on|off]\n" 2620ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n" 2621b6f6e3d3Saliguori "-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" 2622b6f6e3d3Saliguori " [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n" 2623b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n" 2624b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" 2625b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " [,asset=str][,location=str]\n" 2626b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " specify SMBIOS type 2 fields\n" 2627b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]\n" 2628b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " [,sku=str]\n" 2629b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " specify SMBIOS type 3 fields\n" 2630b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" 2631c906e039SYing Fang " [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]\n" 2632cb5fb04fSPatrick Venture " [,processor-id=%d]\n" 2633b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " specify SMBIOS type 4 fields\n" 2634fd8caa25SHal Martin "-smbios type=8[,external_reference=str][,internal_reference=str][,connector_type=%d][,port_type=%d]\n" 2635fd8caa25SHal Martin " specify SMBIOS type 8 fields\n" 263648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé "-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]\n" 263748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé " specify SMBIOS type 11 fields\n" 2638b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]\n" 26393ebd6cc8SGabriel L. Somlo " [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]\n" 264005dfb447SVincent Bernat " specify SMBIOS type 17 fields\n" 264105dfb447SVincent Bernat "-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]\n" 264205dfb447SVincent Bernat " specify SMBIOS type 41 fields\n", 26434934cc58SSong Gao QEMU_ARCH_I386 | QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_LOONGARCH) 2644e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2645e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios file=binary`` 2646e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Load SMBIOS entry from binary file. 2647e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2648e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d][,uefi=on|off]`` 2649e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields 2650e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2651e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]`` 2652e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields 2653e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2654e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str][,location=str]`` 2655e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 2 fields 2656e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2657e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str][,sku=str]`` 2658e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 3 fields 2659e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2660cb5fb04fSPatrick Venture``-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str][,part=str][,processor-id=%d]`` 2661e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 4 fields 2662e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 266348a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé``-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]`` 266448a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Specify SMBIOS type 11 fields 266548a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 266648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé This argument can be repeated multiple times, and values are added in the order they are parsed. 266748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Applications intending to use OEM strings data are encouraged to use their application name as 266848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé a prefix for the value string. This facilitates passing information for multiple applications 266948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé concurrently. 267048a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 267148a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé The ``value=str`` syntax provides the string data inline, while the ``path=filename`` syntax 267248a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé loads data from a file on disk. Note that the file is not permitted to contain any NUL bytes. 267348a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 267448a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Both the ``value`` and ``path`` options can be repeated multiple times and will be added to 267548a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé the SMBIOS table in the order in which they appear. 267648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 267748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Note that on the x86 architecture, the total size of all SMBIOS tables is limited to 65535 267848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé bytes. Thus the OEM strings data is not suitable for passing large amounts of data into the 267948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé guest. Instead it should be used as a indicator to inform the guest where to locate the real 268048a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé data set, for example, by specifying the serial ID of a block device. 268148a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 268248a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé An example passing three strings is 268348a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 268448a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé .. parsed-literal:: 268548a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 268648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé -smbios type=11,value=cloud-init:ds=nocloud-net;s=http://10.10.0.1:8000/,\\ 268748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé value=anaconda:method=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/25/x86_64/os,\\ 268848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé path=/some/file/with/oemstringsdata.txt 268948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 269048a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé In the guest OS this is visible with the ``dmidecode`` command 269148a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 269248a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé .. parsed-literal:: 269348a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 269448a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé $ dmidecode -t 11 269548a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Handle 0x0E00, DMI type 11, 5 bytes 269648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé OEM Strings 269748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé String 1: cloud-init:ds=nocloud-net;s=http://10.10.0.1:8000/ 269848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé String 2: anaconda:method=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/25/x86_64/os 269948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé String 3: myapp:some extra data 270048a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 270148a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 2702e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str][,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]`` 2703e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 17 fields 270405dfb447SVincent Bernat 270505dfb447SVincent Bernat``-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]`` 270605dfb447SVincent Bernat Specify SMBIOS type 41 fields 270705dfb447SVincent Bernat 270805dfb447SVincent Bernat This argument can be repeated multiple times. Its main use is to allow network interfaces be created 270905dfb447SVincent Bernat as ``enoX`` on Linux, with X being the instance number, instead of the name depending on the interface 271005dfb447SVincent Bernat position on the PCI bus. 271105dfb447SVincent Bernat 271205dfb447SVincent Bernat Here is an example of use: 271305dfb447SVincent Bernat 271405dfb447SVincent Bernat .. parsed-literal:: 271505dfb447SVincent Bernat 271605dfb447SVincent Bernat -netdev user,id=internet \\ 271705dfb447SVincent Bernat -device virtio-net-pci,mac=50:54:00:00:00:42,netdev=internet,id=internet-dev \\ 271805dfb447SVincent Bernat -smbios type=41,designation='Onboard LAN',instance=1,kind=ethernet,pcidev=internet-dev 271905dfb447SVincent Bernat 272005dfb447SVincent Bernat In the guest OS, the device should then appear as ``eno1``: 272105dfb447SVincent Bernat 272205dfb447SVincent Bernat ..parsed-literal:: 272305dfb447SVincent Bernat 272405dfb447SVincent Bernat $ ip -brief l 272505dfb447SVincent Bernat lo UNKNOWN 00:00:00:00:00:00 <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> 272605dfb447SVincent Bernat eno1 UP 50:54:00:00:00:42 <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> 272705dfb447SVincent Bernat 272805dfb447SVincent Bernat Currently, the PCI device has to be attached to the root bus. 272905dfb447SVincent Bernat 2730e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 2731b6f6e3d3Saliguori 2732c70a01e4SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING() 27335824d651Sblueswir1 2734de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Network options:) 27355824d651Sblueswir1 27366a8b4a5bSThomas HuthDEF("netdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_netdev, 27375824d651Sblueswir1#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 27388b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé "-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]\n" 27398b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]\n" 27400b11c036SSamuel Thibault " [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]\n" 2741f18d1375SBenjamin Drung " [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]\n" 27420fca92b9SFam Zheng " [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]" 2743ad196a9dSJan Kiszka#ifndef _WIN32 2744c92ef6a2SJan Kiszka "[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n" 2745ad196a9dSJan Kiszka#endif 27466a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',\n" 27476a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " its DHCP server and optional services\n" 27485824d651Sblueswir1#endif 27495824d651Sblueswir1#ifdef _WIN32 27506a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev tap,id=str,ifname=name\n" 27516a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'\n" 27525824d651Sblueswir1#else 27536a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]\n" 2754584613eaSAlexey Kardashevskiy " [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]\n" 27556a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]\n" 275669e87b32SJason Wang " [,poll-us=n]\n" 27576a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'\n" 2758584613eaSAlexey Kardashevskiy " connected to a bridge (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_INTERFACE ")\n" 2759a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " use network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n" 2760a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " to configure it and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n" 2761a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " to deconfigure it\n" 2762ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution\n" 2763a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " use network helper 'helper' (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ") to\n" 2764a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " configure it\n" 27655824d651Sblueswir1 " use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n" 27662ca81baaSJason Wang " use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces\n" 2767ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n" 2768f157ed20SMichael S. Tsirkin " default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')\n" 2769ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n" 2770ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition\n" 277182b0d80eSMichael S. Tsirkin " use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator\n" 27725430a28fSmst@redhat.com " (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)\n" 27735430a28fSmst@redhat.com " use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests\n" 277482b0d80eSMichael S. Tsirkin " use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device\n" 27752ca81baaSJason Wang " use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices\n" 2776ec396014SJason Wang " use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP\n" 2777cba42d61SMichael Tokarev " use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be\n" 277869e87b32SJason Wang " spent on busy polling for vhost net\n" 27796a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]\n" 27806a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is\n" 27816a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " connected to a bridge (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_INTERFACE ")\n" 27826a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " using the program 'helper (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ")\n" 27830df0ff6dSMark McLoughlin#endif 27843fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov#ifdef __linux__ 27856a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]\n" 27868b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]\n" 27878b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]\n" 27886a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]\n" 27896a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to\n" 27906a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.\n" 27913fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk\n" 27922f47b403SMichael Tokarev " L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,\n" 27933fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal\n" 279421843dc4SStefan Hajnoczi " standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static\n" 27953fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).\n" 27963fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'src=' to specify source address\n" 27973fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'dst=' to specify destination address\n" 27983fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation\n" 27993952651aSGonglei " use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port\n" 28003fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port\n" 28013fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'ipv6=on' to force v6\n" 28023fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as\n" 28033fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " well as a weak security measure\n" 28043fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie\n" 28053fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie\n" 28063fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32\n" 28073fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter\n" 28083fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer\n" 28093fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data\n" 28103fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov#endif 28116a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n" 28126a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend to connect to another network\n" 28136a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " using a socket connection\n" 28146a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]\n" 28156a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port\n" 28163a75e74cSMike Ryan " use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from\n" 28176a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]\n" 28186a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend to connect to another network\n" 28196a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " using an UDP tunnel\n" 2820148fbf0dSLaurent Vivier "-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]\n" 2821148fbf0dSLaurent Vivier "-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]\n" 2822148fbf0dSLaurent Vivier "-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor[,reconnect=seconds]\n" 28235166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " configure a network backend to connect to another network\n" 28245166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " using a socket connection in stream mode.\n" 28255166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]\n" 28265166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]\n" 28275166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port\n" 28285166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from\n" 28295166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]\n" 2830784e7a25SLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]\n" 28315166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor\n" 28325166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " configure a network backend to connect to another network\n" 28335166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " using an UDP tunnel\n" 28345824d651Sblueswir1#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 28356a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n" 28366a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch\n" 28376a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n" 28385824d651Sblueswir1 " Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n" 28395824d651Sblueswir1 " ownership and permissions for communication port.\n" 28405824d651Sblueswir1#endif 284158952137SVincenzo Maffione#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP 28426a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev netmap,id=str,ifname=name[,devname=nmname]\n" 284358952137SVincenzo Maffione " attach to the existing netmap-enabled network interface 'name', or to a\n" 284458952137SVincenzo Maffione " VALE port (created on the fly) called 'name' ('nmname' is name of the \n" 284558952137SVincenzo Maffione " netmap device, defaults to '/dev/netmap')\n" 284658952137SVincenzo Maffione#endif 2847253dc14cSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_POSIX 28486a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]\n" 28496a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'\n" 2850253dc14cSThomas Huth#endif 2851108a6481SCindy Lu#ifdef __linux__ 28528801ccd0SSi-Wei Liu "-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]\n" 2853108a6481SCindy Lu " configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev\n" 28548801ccd0SSi-Wei Liu " use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device\n" 28558801ccd0SSi-Wei Liu " use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device\n" 2856108a6481SCindy Lu#endif 2857b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#ifdef CONFIG_VMNET 2858b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "-netdev vmnet-host,id=str[,isolated=on|off][,net-uuid=uuid]\n" 2859b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " [,start-address=addr,end-address=addr,subnet-mask=mask]\n" 2860b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure a vmnet network backend in host mode with ID 'str',\n" 2861b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " isolate this interface from others with 'isolated',\n" 2862b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure the address range and choose a subnet mask,\n" 2863b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " specify network UUID 'uuid' to disable DHCP and interact with\n" 2864b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " vmnet-host interfaces within this isolated network\n" 2865b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "-netdev vmnet-shared,id=str[,isolated=on|off][,nat66-prefix=addr]\n" 2866b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " [,start-address=addr,end-address=addr,subnet-mask=mask]\n" 2867b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure a vmnet network backend in shared mode with ID 'str',\n" 2868b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure the address range and choose a subnet mask,\n" 2869b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " set IPv6 ULA prefix (of length 64) to use for internal network,\n" 2870b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " isolate this interface from others with 'isolated'\n" 2871b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "-netdev vmnet-bridged,id=str,ifname=name[,isolated=on|off]\n" 2872b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure a vmnet network backend in bridged mode with ID 'str',\n" 2873b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " use 'ifname=name' to select a physical network interface to be bridged,\n" 2874b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " isolate this interface from others with 'isolated'\n" 2875b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#endif 287618d65d22SThomas Huth "-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]\n" 2877af1a5c3eSThomas Huth " configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 287878cd6f7bSThomas HuthDEF("nic", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_nic, 2879dfaa7d50SBALATON Zoltan "-nic [tap|bridge|" 288078cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 288178cd6f7bSThomas Huth "user|" 288278cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 288378cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef __linux__ 288478cd6f7bSThomas Huth "l2tpv3|" 288578cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 288678cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 288778cd6f7bSThomas Huth "vde|" 288878cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 288978cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP 289078cd6f7bSThomas Huth "netmap|" 289178cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 289278cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_POSIX 289378cd6f7bSThomas Huth "vhost-user|" 289478cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 2895b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#ifdef CONFIG_VMNET 2896b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "vmnet-host|vmnet-shared|vmnet-bridged|" 2897b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#endif 289878cd6f7bSThomas Huth "socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]\n" 289978cd6f7bSThomas Huth " initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address\n" 290078cd6f7bSThomas Huth " macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend\n" 2901dfaa7d50SBALATON Zoltan "-nic none use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to\n" 290278cd6f7bSThomas Huth " provided a 'user' network connection)\n", 290378cd6f7bSThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 29046a8b4a5bSThomas HuthDEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net, 2905af1a5c3eSThomas Huth "-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n" 29060e60a82dSThomas Huth " configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and\n" 2907af1a5c3eSThomas Huth " connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)\n" 29086a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-net [" 2909a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 2910a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin "user|" 2911a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin#endif 2912a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin "tap|" 2913a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant "bridge|" 2914a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 2915a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin "vde|" 2916a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin#endif 291758952137SVincenzo Maffione#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP 291858952137SVincenzo Maffione "netmap|" 291958952137SVincenzo Maffione#endif 2920b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#ifdef CONFIG_VMNET 2921b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "vmnet-host|vmnet-shared|vmnet-bridged|" 2922b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#endif 2923af1a5c3eSThomas Huth "socket][,option][,option][,...]\n" 29246a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " old way to initialize a host network interface\n" 29256a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " (use the -netdev option if possible instead)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2926e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2927e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|netmap|vhost-user|socket][,...][,mac=macaddr][,model=mn]`` 2928e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option is a shortcut for configuring both the on-board 2929e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default) guest NIC hardware and the host network backend in one go. 2930e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The host backend options are the same as with the corresponding 2931e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-netdev`` options below. The guest NIC model can be set with 2932e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``model=modelname``. Use ``model=help`` to list the available device 2933e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell types. The hardware MAC address can be set with ``mac=macaddr``. 2934e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2935e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The following two example do exactly the same, to show how ``-nic`` 2936e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be used to shorten the command line length: 2937e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2938e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 2939e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2940e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -netdev user,id=n1,ipv6=off -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32 2941e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,ipv6=off,model=e1000,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32 2942e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2943e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-nic none`` 2944e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to 2945e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell override the default configuration (default NIC with "user" host 2946e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network backend) which is activated if no other networking options 2947e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are provided. 2948e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2949e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev user,id=id[,option][,option][,...]`` 2950e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure user mode host network backend which requires no 2951e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell administrator privilege to run. Valid options are: 2952e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2953e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=id`` 2954e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands. 2955e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2956e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv4=on|off and ipv6=on|off`` 2957e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be enabled. If neither is 2958e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified both protocols are enabled. 2959e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2960e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``net=addr[/mask]`` 2961e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify 2962e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the netmask, either in the form a.b.c.d or as number of valid 2963e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell top-most bits. Default is 10.0.2.0/24. 2964e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2965e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``host=addr`` 2966e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the guest-visible address of the host. Default is the 2967e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2nd IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.2. 2968e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2969e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv6-net=addr[/int]`` 2970e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set IPv6 network address the guest will see (default is 2971e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell fec0::/64). The network prefix is given in the usual hexadecimal 2972e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell IPv6 address notation. The prefix size is optional, and is given 2973e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as the number of valid top-most bits (default is 64). 2974e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2975e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv6-host=addr`` 2976e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the guest-visible IPv6 address of the host. Default is 2977e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the 2nd IPv6 in the guest network, i.e. xxxx::2. 2978e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2979e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``restrict=on|off`` 2980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If this option is enabled, the guest will be isolated, i.e. it 2981e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will not be able to contact the host and no guest IP packets 2982e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will be routed over the host to the outside. This option does 2983e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell not affect any explicitly set forwarding rules. 2984e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2985e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``hostname=name`` 2986e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the client hostname reported by the built-in DHCP 2987e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. 2988e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2989e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dhcpstart=addr`` 2990e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can 2991e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assign. Default is the 15th to 31st IP in the guest network, 2992e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell i.e. x.x.x.15 to x.x.x.31. 2993e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2994e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dns=addr`` 2995e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver. The 2996e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell address must be different from the host address. Default is the 2997e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3rd IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.3. 2998e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2999e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv6-dns=addr`` 3000e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the guest-visible address of the IPv6 virtual 3001e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell nameserver. The address must be different from the host address. 3002e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network, i.e. xxxx::3. 3003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dnssearch=domain`` 3005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Provides an entry for the domain-search list sent by the 3006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell built-in DHCP server. More than one domain suffix can be 3007e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell transmitted by specifying this option multiple times. If 3008e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supported, this will cause the guest to automatically try to 3009e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell append the given domain suffix(es) in case a domain name can not 3010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be resolved. 3011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3014e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3015e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3016e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org 3017e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3018e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``domainname=domain`` 3019e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the client domain name reported by the built-in DHCP 3020e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. 3021e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3022e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tftp=dir`` 3023e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP 3024e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. The files in dir will be exposed as the root of a TFTP 3025e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in 3026e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell binary mode (use the command ``bin`` of the Unix TFTP client). 3027e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3028e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tftp-server-name=name`` 3029e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In BOOTP reply, broadcast name as the "TFTP server name" 3030e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (RFC2132 option 66). This can be used to advise the guest to 3031e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell load boot files or configurations from a different server than 3032e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the host address. 3033e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3034e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bootfile=file`` 3035e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When using the user mode network stack, broadcast file as the 3036e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell BOOTP filename. In conjunction with ``tftp``, this can be used 3037e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to network boot a guest from a local directory. 3038e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3039e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example (using pxelinux): 3040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3041e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3042e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3043353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| -hda linux.img -boot n -device e1000,netdev=n1 \\ 3044e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev user,id=n1,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0 3045e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3046e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]`` 3047e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB 3048e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in 3049e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dir`` transparently. The IP address of the SMB server can be 3050e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell set to addr. By default the 4th IP in the guest network is used, 3051e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell i.e. x.x.x.4. 3052e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3053e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In the guest Windows OS, the line: 3054e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3055e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3056e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3057e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 10.0.2.4 smbserver 3058e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3059e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must be added in the file ``C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS`` (for windows 3060e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 9x/Me) or ``C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS`` (Windows 3061e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NT/2000). 3062e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3063e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Then ``dir`` can be accessed in ``\\smbserver\qemu``. 3064e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3065e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS. 3066e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3067e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[hostaddr]:hostport-[guestaddr]:guestport`` 3068e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port 3069e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell hostport to the guest IP address guestaddr on guest port 3070e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guestport. If guestaddr is not specified, its value is x.x.x.15 3071e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default first address given by the built-in DHCP server). By 3072e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specifying hostaddr, the rule can be bound to a specific host 3073e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interface. If no connection type is set, TCP is used. This 3074e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option can be given multiple times. 3075e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3076e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to 3077e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest screen 0, use the following: 3078e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 307909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3080e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3081e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # on the host 3082e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 3083e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server 3084e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell xterm -display :1 3085e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3086e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet 3087e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port on the guest, use the following: 3088e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 308909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3090e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3091e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # on the host 3092e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 3093e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell telnet localhost 5555 3094e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3095e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Then when you use on the host ``telnet localhost 5555``, you 3096e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connect to the guest telnet server. 3097e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3098e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``guestfwd=[tcp]:server:port-dev``; \ ``guestfwd=[tcp]:server:port-cmd:command`` 3099e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Forward guest TCP connections to the IP address server on port 3100e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port to the character device dev or to a program executed by 3101e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell cmd:command which gets spawned for each connection. This option 3102e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be given multiple times. 3103e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3104e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can either use a chardev directly and have that one used 3105e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell throughout QEMU's lifetime, like in the following example: 3106e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 310709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3108e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3109e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # open 10.10.1.1:4321 on bootup, connect 10.0.2.100:1234 to it whenever 3110e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # the guest accesses it 3111e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321 3112e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3113e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Or you can execute a command on every TCP connection established 3114e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell by the guest, so that QEMU behaves similar to an inetd process 3115e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for that virtual server: 3116e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 311709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3118e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3119e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # call "netcat 10.10.1.1 4321" on every TCP connection to 10.0.2.100:1234 3120e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # and connect the TCP stream to its stdin/stdout 3121e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic 'user,id=n1,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321' 3122e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3123e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev tap,id=id[,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,br=bridge][,helper=helper]`` 3124e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure a host TAP network backend with ID id. 3125e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3126e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use the network script file to configure it and the network script 3127e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell dfile to deconfigure it. If name is not provided, the OS 3128e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell automatically provides one. The default network configure script is 3129e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/etc/qemu-ifup`` and the default network deconfigure script is 3130e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/etc/qemu-ifdown``. Use ``script=no`` or ``downscript=no`` to 3131e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell disable script execution. 3132e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3133e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If running QEMU as an unprivileged user, use the network helper 31348d73ec89STianjia Zhang to configure the TAP interface and attach it to the bridge. 3135e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The default network helper executable is 3136e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper`` and the default bridge device is 3137e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``br0``. 3138e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3139e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fd``\ =h can be used to specify the handle of an already opened 3140e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host TAP interface. 3141e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3142e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Examples: 3143e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 314409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3145e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3146e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with the default network script 3147e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| linux.img -nic tap 3148e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 314909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3150e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3151e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with two NICs, each one connected 3152e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #to a TAP device 3153353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3154353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap0 -device e1000,netdev=nd0 \\ 3155e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=nd1,ifname=tap1 -device rtl8139,netdev=nd1 3156e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 315709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3158e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3159e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 3160e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #connect a TAP device to bridge br0 3161353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=n1 \\ 3162e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=n1,"helper=/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper" 3163e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3164e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev bridge,id=id[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]`` 3165e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device. 3166e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3167e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use the network helper helper to configure the TAP interface and 3168e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell attach it to the bridge. The default network helper executable is 3169e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper`` and the default bridge device is 3170e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``br0``. 3171e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3172e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Examples: 3173e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 317409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3175e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3176e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 3177e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #connect a TAP device to bridge br0 3178e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| linux.img -netdev bridge,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1 3179e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 318009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3181e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3182e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 3183e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #connect a TAP device to bridge qemubr0 3184e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| linux.img -netdev bridge,br=qemubr0,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1 3185e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3186e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev socket,id=id[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]`` 3187e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This host network backend can be used to connect the guest's network 3188e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to another QEMU virtual machine using a TCP socket connection. If 3189e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``listen`` is specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on port 3190e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (host is optional). ``connect`` is used to connect to another QEMU 3191e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instance using the ``listen`` option. ``fd``\ =h specifies an 3192e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell already opened TCP socket. 3193e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3194e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3195e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 319609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3197e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3198e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch a first QEMU instance 3199353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3200353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \\ 3201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n1,listen=:1234 3202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # connect the network of this instance to the network of the first instance 3203353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3204353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \\ 3205e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n2,connect=127.0.0.1:1234 3206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev socket,id=id[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]`` 3208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure a socket host network backend to share the guest's network 3209e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell traffic with another QEMU virtual machines using a UDP multicast 3210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket, effectively making a bus for every QEMU with same multicast 3211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell address maddr and port. NOTES: 3212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3213e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1. Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus 3214e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (assuming correct multicast setup for these hosts). 3215e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3216e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2. mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument 3217e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ethN=mcast``), see http://user-mode-linux.sf.net. 3218e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3219e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3. Use ``fd=h`` to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket. 3220e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3221e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3222e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 322309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3224e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3225e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch one QEMU instance 3226353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3227353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \\ 3228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 3229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch another QEMU instance on same "bus" 3230353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3231353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \\ 3232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n2,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 3233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus" 3234353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3235353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n3,mac=52:54:00:12:34:58 \\ 3236e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n3,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 3237e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3238e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example (User Mode Linux compat.): 3239e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 324009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3241e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3242e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected is UML's default) 3243353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3244353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \\ 3245e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102 3246e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch UML 3247e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell /path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast 3248e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3249e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example (send packets from host's 1.2.3.4): 3250e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3251e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3252e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3253353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3254353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \\ 3255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4 3256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 32578b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé``-netdev l2tpv3,id=id,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport],txsession=txsession[,rxsession=rxsession][,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off][,cookie64][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie][,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]`` 3258e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure a L2TPv3 pseudowire host network backend. L2TPv3 (RFC3931) 3259e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is a popular protocol to transport Ethernet (and other Layer 2) data 3260e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell frames between two systems. It is present in routers, firewalls and 3261e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the Linux kernel (from version 3.3 onwards). 3262e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This transport allows a VM to communicate to another VM, router or 3264e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell firewall directly. 3265e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3266e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``src=srcaddr`` 3267e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell source address (mandatory) 3268e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3269e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dst=dstaddr`` 3270e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell destination address (mandatory) 3271e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3272e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``udp`` 3273e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell select udp encapsulation (default is ip). 3274e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``srcport=srcport`` 3276e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell source udp port. 3277e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dstport=dstport`` 3279e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell destination udp port. 3280e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv6`` 3282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell force v6, otherwise defaults to v4. 3283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3284e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``rxcookie=rxcookie``; \ ``txcookie=txcookie`` 3285e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Cookies are a weak form of security in the l2tpv3 specification. 3286e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Their function is mostly to prevent misconfiguration. By default 3287e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell they are 32 bit. 3288e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3289e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cookie64`` 3290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set cookie size to 64 bit instead of the default 32 3291e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3292e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``counter=off`` 3293e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter as in 3294e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell draft-mkonstan-l2tpext-keyed-ipv6-tunnel-00 3295e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3296e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pincounter=on`` 3297e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Work around broken counter handling in peer. This may also help 3298e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on networks which have packet reorder. 3299e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``offset=offset`` 3301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add an extra offset between header and data 3302e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3303e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, to attach a VM running on host 4.3.2.1 via L2TPv3 to 3304e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the bridge br-lan on the remote Linux host 1.2.3.4: 3305e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 330609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3307e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3308e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # Setup tunnel on linux host using raw ip as encapsulation 3309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # on 1.2.3.4 3310353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ip l2tp add tunnel remote 4.3.2.1 local 1.2.3.4 tunnel_id 1 peer_tunnel_id 1 \\ 3311e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encap udp udp_sport 16384 udp_dport 16384 3312353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ip l2tp add session tunnel_id 1 name vmtunnel0 session_id \\ 3313e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 0xFFFFFFFF peer_session_id 0xFFFFFFFF 3314e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ifconfig vmtunnel0 mtu 1500 3315e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ifconfig vmtunnel0 up 3316e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell brctl addif br-lan vmtunnel0 3317e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3318e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3319e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # on 4.3.2.1 3320e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch QEMU instance - if your network has reorder or is very lossy add ,pincounter 3321e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3322353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img -device e1000,netdev=n1 \\ 3323e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev l2tpv3,id=n1,src=4.2.3.1,dst=1.2.3.4,udp,srcport=16384,dstport=16384,rxsession=0xffffffff,txsession=0xffffffff,counter 3324e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3325e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev vde,id=id[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]`` 3326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure VDE backend to connect to PORT n of a vde switch running 3327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on host and listening for incoming connections on socketpath. Use 3328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell GROUP groupname and MODE octalmode to change default ownership and 3329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell permissions for communication port. This option is only available if 3330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU has been compiled with vde support enabled. 3331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 333409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3336e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch vde switch 3337e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch 3338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch QEMU instance 3339e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| linux.img -nic vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch 3340e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3341e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev vhost-user,chardev=id[,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]`` 3342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Establish a vhost-user netdev, backed by a chardev id. The chardev 3343e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should be a unix domain socket backed one. The vhost-user uses a 3344e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specifically defined protocol to pass vhost ioctl replacement 3345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell messages to an application on the other end of the socket. On 3346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell non-MSIX guests, the feature can be forced with vhostforce. Use 3347e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for 3348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiqueue vhost-user. 3349e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3350e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3351e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3352e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3353e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3354e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell qemu -m 512 -object memory-backend-file,id=mem,size=512M,mem-path=/hugetlbfs,share=on \ 3355e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,memdev=mem \ 3356e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=chr0,path=/path/to/socket \ 3357e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev type=vhost-user,id=net0,chardev=chr0 \ 3358e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 3359e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 33608801ccd0SSi-Wei Liu``-netdev vhost-vdpa[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]`` 3361108a6481SCindy Lu Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev. 3362108a6481SCindy Lu 3363108a6481SCindy Lu vDPA device is a device that uses a datapath which complies with 3364108a6481SCindy Lu the virtio specifications with a vendor specific control path. 3365108a6481SCindy Lu vDPA devices can be both physically located on the hardware or 3366108a6481SCindy Lu emulated by software. 3367108a6481SCindy Lu 3368e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev hubport,id=id,hubid=hubid[,netdev=nd]`` 3369e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a hub port on the emulated hub with ID hubid. 3370e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3371e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The hubport netdev lets you connect a NIC to a QEMU emulated hub 3372e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instead of a single netdev. Alternatively, you can also connect the 3373e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell hubport to another netdev with ID nd by using the ``netdev=nd`` 3374e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. 3375e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3376e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-net nic[,netdev=nd][,macaddr=mac][,model=type] [,name=name][,addr=addr][,vectors=v]`` 3377e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Legacy option to configure or create an on-board (or machine 3378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default) Network Interface Card(NIC) and connect it either to the 3379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulated hub with ID 0 (i.e. the default hub), or to the netdev nd. 3380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If model is omitted, then the default NIC model associated with the 3381e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell machine type is used. Note that the default NIC model may change in 3382e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell future QEMU releases, so it is highly recommended to always specify 3383e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a model. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to mac, the 3384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device address set to addr (PCI cards only), and a name can be 3385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assigned for use in monitor commands. Optionally, for PCI cards, you 3386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can specify the number v of MSI-X vectors that the card should have; 3387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this option currently only affects virtio cards; set v = 0 to 3388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell disable MSI-X. If no ``-net`` option is specified, a single NIC is 3389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell created. QEMU can emulate several different models of network card. 3390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-net nic,model=help`` for a list of available devices for your 3391e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell target. 3392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-net user|tap|bridge|socket|l2tpv3|vde[,...][,name=name]`` 3394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure a host network backend (with the options corresponding to 3395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the same ``-netdev`` option) and connect it to the emulated hub 0 3396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (the default hub). Use name to specify the name of the hub port. 3397e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 33985824d651Sblueswir1 33997273a2dbSMatthew BoothDEFHEADING() 34007273a2dbSMatthew Booth 3401de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Character device options:) 34027273a2dbSMatthew Booth 34037273a2dbSMatthew BoothDEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev, 3404517b3d40SLin Ma "-chardev help\n" 3405d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3406ba858d1fSMarkus Armbruster "-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]\n" 3407bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]\n" 3408fd4a5fd4SDaniel P. Berrange " [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)\n" 3409bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé "-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]\n" 3410e339273bSxiaoqiang zhao " [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)\n" 34117273a2dbSMatthew Booth "-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]\n" 3412bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]\n" 3413d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange " [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3414d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 34157273a2dbSMatthew Booth "-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n" 3416d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange " [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3417d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 34185b18a6bfSPeter Maydell "-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,input-path=input-file][,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3419d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 34207273a2dbSMatthew Booth#ifdef _WIN32 3421d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev console,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3422d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 34237273a2dbSMatthew Booth#else 3424d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3425d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 34267273a2dbSMatthew Booth#endif 34277273a2dbSMatthew Booth#ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI 3428d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 34297273a2dbSMatthew Booth#endif 34307273a2dbSMatthew Booth#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \ 34317273a2dbSMatthew Booth || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) 3432d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 34337273a2dbSMatthew Booth#endif 34347273a2dbSMatthew Booth#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) 3435d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 34367273a2dbSMatthew Booth#endif 3437cbcc6336SAlon Levy#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE) 3438d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3439d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3440cbcc6336SAlon Levy#endif 3441ad96090aSBlue Swirl , QEMU_ARCH_ALL 34427273a2dbSMatthew Booth) 34437273a2dbSMatthew Booth 3444e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3445e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellThe general form of a character device option is: 3446e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3447e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev backend,id=id[,mux=on|off][,options]`` 3448e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Backend is one of: ``null``, ``socket``, ``udp``, ``msmouse``, 3449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vc``, ``ringbuf``, ``file``, ``pipe``, ``console``, ``serial``, 34506f9f6308SPaolo Bonzini ``pty``, ``stdio``, ``braille``, ``parallel``, 3451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``spicevmc``, ``spiceport``. The specific backend will determine the 3452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell applicable options. 3453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-chardev help`` to print all available chardev backend types. 3455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 3457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell characters long. It is used to uniquely identify this device in 3458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell other command line directives. 3459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A character device may be used in multiplexing mode by multiple 3461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell front-ends. Specify ``mux=on`` to enable this mode. A multiplexer is 3462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a "1:N" device, and here the "1" end is your specified chardev 3463e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell backend, and the "N" end is the various parts of QEMU that can talk 3464e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to a chardev. If you create a chardev with ``id=myid`` and 3465e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mux=on``, QEMU will create a multiplexer with your specified ID, 3466e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and you can then configure multiple front ends to use that chardev 3467e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ID for their input/output. Up to four different front ends can be 3468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connected to a single multiplexed chardev. (Without multiplexing 3469e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell enabled, a chardev can only be used by a single front end.) For 3470e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instance you could use this to allow a single stdio chardev to be 3471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell used by two serial ports and the QEMU monitor: 3472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev stdio,mux=on,id=char0 \ 3476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -mon chardev=char0,mode=readline \ 3477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial chardev:char0 \ 3478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial chardev:char0 3479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can have more than one multiplexer in a system configuration; 3481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for instance you could have a TCP port multiplexed between UART 0 3482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and UART 1, and stdio multiplexed between the QEMU monitor and a 3483e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parallel port: 3484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev stdio,mux=on,id=char0 \ 3488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -mon chardev=char0,mode=readline \ 3489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -parallel chardev:char0 \ 3490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev tcp,...,mux=on,id=char1 \ 3491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial chardev:char1 \ 3492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial chardev:char1 3493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When you're using a multiplexed character device, some escape 3495923e9311SThomas Huth sequences are interpreted in the input. See the chapter about 3496923e9311SThomas Huth :ref:`keys in the character backend multiplexer` in the 3497923e9311SThomas Huth System Emulation Users Guide for more details. 3498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that some other command line options may implicitly create 3500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiplexed character backends; for instance ``-serial mon:stdio`` 3501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell creates a multiplexed stdio backend connected to the serial port and 3502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the QEMU monitor, and ``-nographic`` also multiplexes the console 3503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and the monitor to stdio. 3504e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell There is currently no support for multiplexing in the other 3506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell direction (where a single QEMU front end takes input and output from 3507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiple chardevs). 3508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Every backend supports the ``logfile`` option, which supplies the 3510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell path to a file to record all data transmitted via the backend. The 3511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``logappend`` option controls whether the log file will be truncated 3512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or appended to when opened. 3513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3514e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellThe available backends are: 3515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3516e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev null,id=id`` 3517e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A void device. This device will not emit any data, and will drop any 3518e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data it receives. The null backend does not take any options. 3519e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3520bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé``-chardev socket,id=id[,TCP options or unix options][,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,tls-creds=id][,tls-authz=id]`` 3521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a two-way stream socket, which can be either a TCP or a unix 3522e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket. A unix socket will be created if ``path`` is specified. 3523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Behaviour is undefined if TCP options are specified for a unix 3524e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket. 3525e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3526bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``server=on|off`` specifies that the socket shall be a listening socket. 3527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3528bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``wait=on|off`` specifies that QEMU should not block waiting for a client 3529e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to connect to a listening socket. 3530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3531bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``telnet=on|off`` specifies that traffic on the socket should interpret 3532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell telnet escape sequences. 3533e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3534bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``websocket=on|off`` specifies that the socket uses WebSocket protocol for 3535e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell communication. 3536e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3537e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``reconnect`` sets the timeout for reconnecting on non-server 3538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sockets when the remote end goes away. qemu will delay this many 3539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell seconds and then attempt to reconnect. Zero disables reconnecting, 3540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and is the default. 3541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3542e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-creds`` requests enablement of the TLS protocol for 3543e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encryption, and specifies the id of the TLS credentials to use for 3544e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the handshake. The credentials must be previously created with the 3545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object tls-creds`` argument. 3546e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-auth`` provides the ID of the QAuthZ authorization object 3548e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell against which the client's x509 distinguished name will be 3549e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell validated. This object is only resolved at time of use, so can be 3550e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell deleted and recreated on the fly while the chardev server is active. 3551e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If missing, it will default to denying access. 3552e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TCP and unix socket options are given below: 3554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3555a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``TCP options: port=port[,host=host][,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]`` 3556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``host`` for a listening socket specifies the local address to 3557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be bound. For a connecting socket species the remote host to 3558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connect to. ``host`` is optional for listening sockets. If not 3559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified it defaults to ``0.0.0.0``. 3560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``port`` for a listening socket specifies the local port to be 3562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bound. For a connecting socket specifies the port on the remote 3563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host to connect to. ``port`` can be given as either a port 3564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell number or a service name. ``port`` is required. 3565e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``to`` is only relevant to listening sockets. If it is 3567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, and ``port`` cannot be bound, QEMU will attempt to 3568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bind to subsequent ports up to and including ``to`` until it 3569e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell succeeds. ``to`` must be specified as a port number. 3570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3571bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``ipv4=on|off`` and ``ipv6=on|off`` specify that either IPv4 3572bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé or IPv6 must be used. If neither is specified the socket may 3573bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé use either protocol. 3574e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3575a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``nodelay=on|off`` disables the Nagle algorithm. 3576e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3577e339273bSxiaoqiang zhao ``unix options: path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]`` 3578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the local path of the unix socket. ``path`` 3579e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is required. 3580bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``abstract=on|off`` specifies the use of the abstract socket namespace, 3581e339273bSxiaoqiang zhao rather than the filesystem. Optional, defaults to false. 3582bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``tight=on|off`` sets the socket length of abstract sockets to their minimum, 3583e339273bSxiaoqiang zhao rather than the full sun_path length. Optional, defaults to true. 3584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3585bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé``-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr][,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]`` 3586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sends all traffic from the guest to a remote host over UDP. 3587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3588e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``host`` specifies the remote host to connect to. If not specified 3589e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it defaults to ``localhost``. 3590e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3591e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``port`` specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. 3592e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``port`` is required. 3593e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3594e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``localaddr`` specifies the local address to bind to. If not 3595e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified it defaults to ``0.0.0.0``. 3596e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3597e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``localport`` specifies the local port to bind to. If not specified 3598e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell any available local port will be used. 3599e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3600bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``ipv4=on|off`` and ``ipv6=on|off`` specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used. 3601e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If neither is specified the device may use either protocol. 3602e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev msmouse,id=id`` 3604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Forward QEMU's emulated msmouse events to the guest. ``msmouse`` 3605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell does not take any options. 3606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]`` 3608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a QEMU text console. ``vc`` may optionally be given a 3609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specific size. 3610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``width`` and ``height`` specify the width and height respectively 3612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell of the console, in pixels. 3613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3614e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cols`` and ``rows`` specify that the console be sized to fit a 3615e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell text console with the given dimensions. 3616e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3617e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size]`` 3618e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a ring buffer with fixed size ``size``. size must be a power 3619e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell of two and defaults to ``64K``. 3620e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 36215b18a6bfSPeter Maydell``-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,input-path=input-path]`` 3622e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Log all traffic received from the guest to a file. 3623e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3624e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the path of the file to be opened. This file will 3625e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be created if it does not already exist, and overwritten if it does. 3626e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` is required. 3627e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 36285b18a6bfSPeter Maydell If ``input-path`` is specified, this is the path of a second file 36295b18a6bfSPeter Maydell which will be used for input. If ``input-path`` is not specified, 36305b18a6bfSPeter Maydell no input will be available from the chardev. 36315b18a6bfSPeter Maydell 36325b18a6bfSPeter Maydell Note that ``input-path`` is not supported on Windows hosts. 36335b18a6bfSPeter Maydell 3634e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path`` 3635e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a two-way connection to the guest. The behaviour differs 3636e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell slightly between Windows hosts and other hosts: 3637e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3638e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell On Windows, a single duplex pipe will be created at 3639e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``\\.pipe\path``. 3640e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3641e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell On other hosts, 2 pipes will be created called ``path.in`` and 3642e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path.out``. Data written to ``path.in`` will be received by the 3643e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. Data written by the guest can be read from ``path.out``. QEMU 3644e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will not create these fifos, and requires them to be present. 3645e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3646e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` forms part of the pipe path as described above. ``path`` is 3647e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell required. 3648e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3649e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev console,id=id`` 3650e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Send traffic from the guest to QEMU's standard output. ``console`` 3651e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell does not take any options. 3652e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3653e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``console`` is only available on Windows hosts. 3654e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3655e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev serial,id=id,path=path`` 3656e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host. 3657e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3658e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell On Unix hosts serial will actually accept any tty device, not only 3659e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell serial lines. 3660e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3661e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the name of the serial device to open. 3662e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3663e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev pty,id=id`` 3664e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a new pseudo-terminal on the host and connect to it. ``pty`` 3665e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell does not take any options. 3666e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3667e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pty`` is not available on Windows hosts. 3668e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3669e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev stdio,id=id[,signal=on|off]`` 3670e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to standard input and standard output of the QEMU process. 3671e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3672e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``signal`` controls if signals are enabled on the terminal, that 3673e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell includes exiting QEMU with the key sequence Control-c. This option 3674e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is enabled by default, use ``signal=off`` to disable it. 3675e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3676e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev braille,id=id`` 3677e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a local BrlAPI server. ``braille`` does not take any 3678e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options. 3679e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 368009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path`` 368109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 3682e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``parallel`` is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD 3683e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell hosts. 3684e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3685e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a local parallel port. 3686e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3687e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the path to the parallel port device. ``path`` is 3688e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell required. 3689e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3690e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev spicevmc,id=id,debug=debug,name=name`` 3691e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``spicevmc`` is only available when spice support is built in. 3692e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3693e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``debug`` debug level for spicevmc 3694e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3695e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``name`` name of spice channel to connect to 3696e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3697e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a spice virtual machine channel, such as vdiport. 3698e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3699e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev spiceport,id=id,debug=debug,name=name`` 3700e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``spiceport`` is only available when spice support is built in. 3701e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3702e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``debug`` debug level for spicevmc 3703e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3704e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``name`` name of spice port to connect to 3705e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3706e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a spice port, allowing a Spice client to handle the 3707e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell traffic identified by a name (preferably a fqdn). 3708e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 37097273a2dbSMatthew Booth 37107273a2dbSMatthew BoothDEFHEADING() 37117273a2dbSMatthew Booth 3712d1a0cf73SStefan Berger#ifdef CONFIG_TPM 3713de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(TPM device options:) 3714d1a0cf73SStefan Berger 3715d1a0cf73SStefan BergerDEF("tpmdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev, \ 371692dcc234SStefan Berger "-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]\n" 371792dcc234SStefan Berger " use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0\n" 371892dcc234SStefan Berger " use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if\n" 3719f4ede81eSAmarnath Valluri " not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device\n" 3720f4ede81eSAmarnath Valluri "-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev\n" 3721f4ede81eSAmarnath Valluri " configure the TPM device using chardev backend\n", 3722d1a0cf73SStefan Berger QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3723e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3724e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellThe general form of a TPM device option is: 3725e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3726e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-tpmdev backend,id=id[,options]`` 3727e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The specific backend type will determine the applicable options. The 3728e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-tpmdev`` option creates the TPM backend and requires a 3729e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-device`` option that specifies the TPM frontend interface model. 3730e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3731e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-tpmdev help`` to print all available TPM backend types. 3732e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3733e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellThe available backends are: 3734e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3735e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-tpmdev passthrough,id=id,path=path,cancel-path=cancel-path`` 3736e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (Linux-host only) Enable access to the host's TPM using the 3737e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell passthrough driver. 3738e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3739e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the path to the host's TPM device, i.e., on a 3740e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Linux host this would be ``/dev/tpm0``. ``path`` is optional and by 3741e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default ``/dev/tpm0`` is used. 3742e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3743e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cancel-path`` specifies the path to the host TPM device's sysfs 3744e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell entry allowing for cancellation of an ongoing TPM command. 3745e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cancel-path`` is optional and by default QEMU will search for the 3746e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sysfs entry to use. 3747e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3748e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Some notes about using the host's TPM with the passthrough driver: 3749e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3750e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The TPM device accessed by the passthrough driver must not be used 3751e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell by any other application on the host. 3752e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3753e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Since the host's firmware (BIOS/UEFI) has already initialized the 3754e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TPM, the VM's firmware (BIOS/UEFI) will not be able to initialize 3755e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the TPM again and may therefore not show a TPM-specific menu that 3756e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell would otherwise allow the user to configure the TPM, e.g., allow the 3757e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell user to enable/disable or activate/deactivate the TPM. Further, if 3758e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TPM ownership is released from within a VM then the host's TPM will 3759e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell get disabled and deactivated. To enable and activate the TPM again 3760e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell afterwards, the host has to be rebooted and the user is required to 3761e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell enter the firmware's menu to enable and activate the TPM. If the TPM 3762e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is left disabled and/or deactivated most TPM commands will fail. 3763e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3764e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To create a passthrough TPM use the following two options: 3765e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3766e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3767e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3768e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -tpmdev passthrough,id=tpm0 -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0 3769e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3770e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that the ``-tpmdev`` id is ``tpm0`` and is referenced by 3771e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tpmdev=tpm0`` in the device option. 3772e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3773e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev`` 3774e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (Linux-host only) Enable access to a TPM emulator using Unix domain 3775e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket based chardev backend. 3776e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3777e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``chardev`` specifies the unique ID of a character device backend 3778e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that provides connection to the software TPM server. 3779e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3780e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To create a TPM emulator backend device with chardev socket backend: 3781e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3782e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3783e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3784e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=chrtpm,path=/tmp/swtpm-sock -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0 3785e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 3786d1a0cf73SStefan Berger 3787d1a0cf73SStefan BergerDEFHEADING() 3788d1a0cf73SStefan Berger 3789d1a0cf73SStefan Berger#endif 3790d1a0cf73SStefan Berger 37911235cf7dSAlex BennéeDEFHEADING(Boot Image or Kernel specific:) 3792e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 37931235cf7dSAlex BennéeThere are broadly 4 ways you can boot a system with QEMU. 3794e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 37951235cf7dSAlex Bennée - specify a firmware and let it control finding a kernel 37961235cf7dSAlex Bennée - specify a firmware and pass a hint to the kernel to boot 37971235cf7dSAlex Bennée - direct kernel image boot 37981235cf7dSAlex Bennée - manually load files into the guest's address space 37991235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38001235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe third method is useful for quickly testing kernels but as there is 38011235cf7dSAlex Bennéeno firmware to pass configuration information to the kernel the 38021235cf7dSAlex Bennéehardware must either be probeable, the kernel built for the exact 38031235cf7dSAlex Bennéeconfiguration or passed some configuration data (e.g. a DTB blob) 38041235cf7dSAlex Bennéewhich tells the kernel what drivers it needs. This exact details are 38051235cf7dSAlex Bennéeoften hardware specific. 38061235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38071235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe final method is the most generic way of loading images into the 38081235cf7dSAlex Bennéeguest address space and used mostly for ``bare metal`` type 38091235cf7dSAlex Bennéedevelopment where the reset vectors of the processor are taken into 38101235cf7dSAlex Bennéeaccount. 38111235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38121235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 38131235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38141235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 38151235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38161235cf7dSAlex BennéeFor x86 machines and some other architectures ``-bios`` will generally 38171235cf7dSAlex Bennéedo the right thing with whatever it is given. For other machines the 38181235cf7dSAlex Bennéemore strict ``-pflash`` option needs an image that is sized for the 38191235cf7dSAlex Bennéeflash device for the given machine type. 38201235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38211235cf7dSAlex BennéePlease see the :ref:`system-targets-ref` section of the manual for 38221235cf7dSAlex Bennéemore detailed documentation. 38231235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38241235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 38251235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38261235cf7dSAlex BennéeDEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \ 38271235cf7dSAlex Bennée "-bios file set the filename for the BIOS\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 38281235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 38291235cf7dSAlex Bennée``-bios file`` 38301235cf7dSAlex Bennée Set the filename for the BIOS. 38311235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 38321235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38331235cf7dSAlex BennéeDEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash, 38341235cf7dSAlex Bennée "-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 38351235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 38361235cf7dSAlex Bennée``-pflash file`` 38371235cf7dSAlex Bennée Use file as a parallel flash image. 38381235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 38391235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38401235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 38411235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38421235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe kernel options were designed to work with Linux kernels although 38431235cf7dSAlex Bennéeother things (like hypervisors) can be packaged up as a kernel 38441235cf7dSAlex Bennéeexecutable image. The exact format of a executable image is usually 38451235cf7dSAlex Bennéearchitecture specific. 38461235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38471235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe way in which the kernel is started (what address it is loaded at, 38481235cf7dSAlex Bennéewhat if any information is passed to it via CPU registers, the state 38491235cf7dSAlex Bennéeof the hardware when it is started, and so on) is also architecture 38501235cf7dSAlex Bennéespecific. Typically it follows the specification laid down by the 38511235cf7dSAlex BennéeLinux kernel for how kernels for that architecture must be started. 3852e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3853e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 38545824d651Sblueswir1 38555824d651Sblueswir1DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \ 3856ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3857e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3858e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-kernel bzImage`` 3859e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use bzImage as kernel image. The kernel can be either a Linux kernel 3860e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or in multiboot format. 3861e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 38625824d651Sblueswir1 38635824d651Sblueswir1DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \ 3864ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3865e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3866e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-append cmdline`` 3867e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use cmdline as kernel command line 3868e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 38695824d651Sblueswir1 38705824d651Sblueswir1DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \ 3871ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3872e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3873e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-initrd file`` 3874e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as initial ram disk. 3875e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3876e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-initrd "file1 arg=foo,file2"`` 3877e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This syntax is only available with multiboot. 3878e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3879e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file1 and file2 as modules and pass arg=foo as parameter to the 3880e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell first module. 3881e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 38825824d651Sblueswir1 3883412beee6SGrant LikelyDEF("dtb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_dtb, \ 3884379b5c7cSPeter A. G. Crosthwaite "-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3885e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3886e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-dtb file`` 3887e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as a device tree binary (dtb) image and pass it to the 3888e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell kernel on boot. 3889e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 3890412beee6SGrant Likely 38911235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 38921235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38931235cf7dSAlex BennéeFinally you can also manually load images directly into the address 38941235cf7dSAlex Bennéespace of the guest. This is most useful for developers who already 38951235cf7dSAlex Bennéeknow the layout of their guest and take care to ensure something sane 38961235cf7dSAlex Bennéewill happen when the reset vector executes. 38971235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38981235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe generic loader can be invoked by using the loader device: 38991235cf7dSAlex Bennée 39001235cf7dSAlex Bennée``-device loader,addr=<addr>,data=<data>,data-len=<data-len>[,data-be=<data-be>][,cpu-num=<cpu-num>]`` 39011235cf7dSAlex Bennée 39021235cf7dSAlex Bennéethere is also the guest loader which operates in a similar way but 39031235cf7dSAlex Bennéetweaks the DTB so a hypervisor loaded via ``-kernel`` can find where 39041235cf7dSAlex Bennéethe guest image is: 39051235cf7dSAlex Bennée 39061235cf7dSAlex Bennée``-device guest-loader,addr=<addr>[,kernel=<path>,[bootargs=<arguments>]][,initrd=<path>]`` 39071235cf7dSAlex Bennée 39081235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 39091235cf7dSAlex Bennée 39105824d651Sblueswir1DEFHEADING() 39115824d651Sblueswir1 3912de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:) 39135824d651Sblueswir1 39146dd75472SMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("compat", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_compat, 3915dbb675c1SMarkus Armbruster "-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]\n" 391657df0dffSMarkus Armbruster " Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces\n" 391757df0dffSMarkus Armbruster "-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]\n" 391857df0dffSMarkus Armbruster " Policy for handling unstable management interfaces\n", 39196dd75472SMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 39206dd75472SMarkus ArmbrusterSRST 39216dd75472SMarkus Armbruster``-compat [deprecated-input=@var{input-policy}][,deprecated-output=@var{output-policy}]`` 39226dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Set policy for handling deprecated management interfaces (experimental): 39236dd75472SMarkus Armbruster 39246dd75472SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-input=accept`` (default) 39256dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Accept deprecated commands and arguments 39266dd75472SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-input=reject`` 39276dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Reject deprecated commands and arguments 3928dbb675c1SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-input=crash`` 3929dbb675c1SMarkus Armbruster Crash on deprecated commands and arguments 39306dd75472SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-output=accept`` (default) 39316dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Emit deprecated command results and events 39326dd75472SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-output=hide`` 39336dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Suppress deprecated command results and events 39346dd75472SMarkus Armbruster 39356dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Limitation: covers only syntactic aspects of QMP. 393657df0dffSMarkus Armbruster 393757df0dffSMarkus Armbruster``-compat [unstable-input=@var{input-policy}][,unstable-output=@var{output-policy}]`` 393857df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Set policy for handling unstable management interfaces (experimental): 393957df0dffSMarkus Armbruster 394057df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-input=accept`` (default) 394157df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Accept unstable commands and arguments 394257df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-input=reject`` 394357df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Reject unstable commands and arguments 394457df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-input=crash`` 394557df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Crash on unstable commands and arguments 394657df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-output=accept`` (default) 394757df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Emit unstable command results and events 394857df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-output=hide`` 394957df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Suppress unstable command results and events 395057df0dffSMarkus Armbruster 395157df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Limitation: covers only syntactic aspects of QMP. 39526dd75472SMarkus ArmbrusterERST 39536dd75472SMarkus Armbruster 395481b2b810SGabriel L. SomloDEF("fw_cfg", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg, 395581b2b810SGabriel L. Somlo "-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>\n" 395663d3145aSMarkus Armbruster " add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file\n" 39576407d76eSGabriel L. Somlo "-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>\n" 395863d3145aSMarkus Armbruster " add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string\n", 395981b2b810SGabriel L. Somlo QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3960e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3961e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-fw_cfg [name=]name,file=file`` 3962e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add named fw\_cfg entry with contents from file file. 3963e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3964e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-fw_cfg [name=]name,string=str`` 3965e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add named fw\_cfg entry with contents from string str. 3966e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3967e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The terminating NUL character of the contents of str will not be 3968e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell included as part of the fw\_cfg item data. To insert contents with 3969e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell embedded NUL characters, you have to use the file parameter. 3970e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3971e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The fw\_cfg entries are passed by QEMU through to the guest. 3972e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3973e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3974e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3975e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3976e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3977e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -fw_cfg name=opt/com.mycompany/blob,file=./my_blob.bin 3978e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3979e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell creates an fw\_cfg entry named opt/com.mycompany/blob with contents 3980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from ./my\_blob.bin. 3981e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 398281b2b810SGabriel L. Somlo 39835824d651Sblueswir1DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \ 3984ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n", 3985ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3986e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3987e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-serial dev`` 3988e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device dev. The 3989e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default device is ``vc`` in graphical mode and ``stdio`` in non 3990e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell graphical mode. 3991e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3992e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial 3993e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ports. 3994e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3995e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-serial none`` to disable all serial ports. 3996e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3997e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Available character devices are: 3998e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3999e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vc[:WxH]`` 4000e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in 4001e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pixel with 4002e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 4004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vc:800x600 4006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4007e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell It is also possible to specify width or height in characters: 4008e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4009e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 4010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vc:80Cx24C 4012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pty`` 4014e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated) 4015e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4016e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``none`` 4017e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell No device is allocated. 4018e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4019e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``null`` 4020e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell void device 4021e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4022e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``chardev:id`` 4023e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use a named character device defined with the ``-chardev`` 4024e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. 4025e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4026e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/dev/XXX`` 4027e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. ``/dev/ttyS0``. The host serial 4028e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port parameters are set according to the emulated ones. 4029e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4030e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/dev/parportN`` 4031e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port N. 4032e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used. 4033e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4034e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file:filename`` 4035e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Write output to filename. No character can be read. 4036e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4037e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``stdio`` 4038e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Unix only] standard input/output 4039e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pipe:filename`` 4041e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell name pipe filename 4042e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4043e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``COMn`` 4044e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Windows only] Use host serial port n 4045e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4046e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``udp:[remote_host]:remote_port[@[src_ip]:src_port]`` 4047e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This implements UDP Net Console. When remote\_host or src\_ip 4048e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are not specified they default to ``0.0.0.0``. When not using a 4049e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified src\_port a random port is automatically chosen. 4050e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4051e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you just want a simple readonly console you can use 4052e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``netcat`` or ``nc``, by starting QEMU with: 4053e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-serial udp::4555`` and nc as: ``nc -u -l -p 4555``. Any time 4054e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU writes something to that port it will appear in the 4055e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netconsole session. 4056e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4057e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want 4058e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to stop and start QEMU a lot of times, you should have QEMU use 4059e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the same source port each time by using something like ``-serial 4060e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell udp::4555@:4556`` to QEMU. Another approach is to use a patched 4061e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and 4062e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell receive characters via udp. If you have a patched version of 4063e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netcat which activates telnet remote echo and single char 4064e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell transfer, then you can use the following options to set up a 4065e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netcat redirector to allow telnet on port 5555 to access the 4066e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU port. 4067e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4068e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``QEMU Options:`` 4069e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial udp::4555@:4556 4070e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4071e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``netcat options:`` 4072e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T 4073e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4074e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``telnet options:`` 4075e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell localhost 5555 4076e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4077a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``tcp:[host]:port[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,nodelay=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]`` 4078e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send the 4079e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell serial I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a 4080e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell location. By default the TCP Net Console is sent to host at the 4081bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé port. If you use the ``server=on`` option QEMU will wait for a client 4082e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket application to connect to the port before continuing, 4083a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini unless the ``wait=on|off`` option was specified. The ``nodelay=on|off`` 4084bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé option disables the Nagle buffering algorithm. The ``reconnect=on`` 4085bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé option only applies if ``server=no`` is set, if the connection goes 4086e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell down it will attempt to reconnect at the given interval. If host 4087e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only one TCP connection at a 4088bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé time is accepted. You can use ``telnet=on`` to connect to the 4089e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell corresponding character device. 4090e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4091e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444`` 4092e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444 4093e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4094e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection`` 4095bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -serial tcp::4444,server=on 4096e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4097e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444`` 4098bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server=on,wait=off 4099e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4100a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``telnet:host:port[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]`` 4101e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The 4102e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options work the same as if you had specified ``-serial tcp``. 4103e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or 4104e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell client using telnet option negotiation. This will also allow you 4105e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to send the MAGIC\_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that 4106e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supports sending the break sequence. Typically in unix telnet 4107e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell you do it with Control-] and then type "send break" followed by 4108e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pressing the enter key. 4109e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4110a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``websocket:host:port,server=on[,wait=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]`` 4111e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The WebSocket protocol is used instead of raw tcp socket. The 4112e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port acts as a WebSocket server. Client mode is not supported. 4113e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4114bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``unix:path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]`` 4115e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The option 4116e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell works the same as if you had specified ``-serial tcp`` except 4117e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the unix domain socket path is used for connections. 4118e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4119e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mon:dev_string`` 4120e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed 4121e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell onto another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key 4122e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sequence of Control-a and then pressing c. dev\_string should be 4123e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell any one of the serial devices specified above. An example to 4124e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server listening on port 4125e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4444 would be: 4126e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4127bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``-serial mon:telnet::4444,server=on,wait=off`` 4128e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4129e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When the monitor is multiplexed to stdio in this way, Ctrl+C 4130e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will not terminate QEMU any more but will be passed to the guest 4131e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instead. 4132e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4133e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``braille`` 4134e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille 4135e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell output on a real or fake device. 4136e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4137e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``msmouse`` 4138e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft 4139e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell protocol. 4140e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41415824d651Sblueswir1 41425824d651Sblueswir1DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \ 4143ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n", 4144ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4145e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4146e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-parallel dev`` 4147e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device dev (same devices 4148e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as the serial port). On Linux hosts, ``/dev/parportN`` can be used 4149e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host parallel 4150e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port. 4151e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4152e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel 4153e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ports. 4154e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4155e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-parallel none`` to disable all parallel ports. 4156e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41575824d651Sblueswir1 41585824d651Sblueswir1DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \ 4159ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n", 4160ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4161e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4162e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-monitor dev`` 4163e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect the monitor to host device dev (same devices as the serial 4164e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port). The default device is ``vc`` in graphical mode and ``stdio`` 4165e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell in non graphical mode. Use ``-monitor none`` to disable the default 4166e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell monitor. 4167e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41686ca5582dSGerd HoffmannDEF("qmp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp, \ 4169ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode\n", 4170ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4171e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4172e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-qmp dev`` 4173e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode. 4174e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41754821cd4cSMax ReitzDEF("qmp-pretty", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty, \ 41764821cd4cSMax Reitz "-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting\n", 41774821cd4cSMax Reitz QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4178e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4179e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-qmp-pretty dev`` 4180e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting. 4181e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41825824d651Sblueswir1 418322a0e04bSGerd HoffmannDEF("mon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mon, \ 4184ef670726SVicente Jimenez Aguilar "-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4185e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4186e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]`` 418716b3f3bbSAli Shirvani Setup monitor on chardev name. ``mode=control`` configures 418816b3f3bbSAli Shirvani a QMP monitor (a JSON RPC-style protocol) and it is not the 418916b3f3bbSAli Shirvani same as HMP, the human monitor that has a "(qemu)" prompt. 419016b3f3bbSAli Shirvani ``pretty`` is only valid when ``mode=control``, 419116b3f3bbSAli Shirvani turning on JSON pretty printing to ease 4192283d845cSDaniel P. Berrangé human reading and debugging. 4193e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 419422a0e04bSGerd Hoffmann 4195c9f398e5SH. Peter AnvinDEF("debugcon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_debugcon, \ 4196ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'\n", 4197ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4198e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4199e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-debugcon dev`` 4200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect the debug console to host device dev (same devices as the 4201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell serial port). The debug console is an I/O port which is typically 4202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port 0xe9; writing to that I/O port sends output to this device. The 4203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default device is ``vc`` in graphical mode and ``stdio`` in non 4204e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell graphical mode. 4205e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4206c9f398e5SH. Peter Anvin 42075824d651Sblueswir1DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \ 4208ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-pidfile file write PID to 'file'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4209e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-pidfile file`` 4211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Store the QEMU process PID in file. It is useful if you launch QEMU 4212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from a script. 4213e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42145824d651Sblueswir1 42151b530a6dSaurel32DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \ 421612fd0f41SPeter Maydell "-singlestep deprecated synonym for -accel tcg,one-insn-per-tb=on\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4217e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4218e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-singlestep`` 421912fd0f41SPeter Maydell This is a deprecated synonym for the TCG accelerator property 422012fd0f41SPeter Maydell ``one-insn-per-tb``. 4221e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42221b530a6dSaurel32 4223047f7038SIgor MammedovDEF("preconfig", 0, QEMU_OPTION_preconfig, \ 4224361ac948SMarkus Armbruster "--preconfig pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)\n", 4225047f7038SIgor Mammedov QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4226e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``--preconfig`` 4228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Pause QEMU for interactive configuration before the machine is 4229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell created, which allows querying and configuring properties that will 4230e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell affect machine initialization. Use QMP command 'x-exit-preconfig' to 4231e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell exit the preconfig state and move to the next state (i.e. run guest 4232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell if -S isn't used or pause the second time if -S is used). This 4233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option is experimental. 4234e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4235047f7038SIgor Mammedov 42365824d651Sblueswir1DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \ 4237ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n", 4238ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4239e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4240e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-S`` 4241e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor). 4242e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42435824d651Sblueswir1 42446f131f13SMichael S. TsirkinDEF("overcommit", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_overcommit, 4245dfaa7d50SBALATON Zoltan "-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]\n" 42466f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin " run qemu with overcommit hints\n" 42476f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin " mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)\n" 42486f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin " cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)\n", 42496f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4250e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4251e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-overcommit mem-lock=on|off`` 425209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 4253e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-overcommit cpu-pm=on|off`` 4254e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Run qemu with hints about host resource overcommit. The default is 4255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to assume that host overcommits all resources. 4256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4257e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Locking qemu and guest memory can be enabled via ``mem-lock=on`` 4258e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (disabled by default). This works when host memory is not 4259c8c9dc42SThomas Huth overcommitted and reduces the worst-case latency for guest. 4260e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4261e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Guest ability to manage power state of host cpus (increasing latency 4262e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for other processes on the same host cpu, but decreasing latency for 4263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest) can be enabled via ``cpu-pm=on`` (disabled by default). This 4264e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell works best when host CPU is not overcommitted. When used, host 4265e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell estimates of CPU cycle and power utilization will be incorrect, not 4266e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell taking into account guest idle time. 4267e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42686f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin 426959030a8cSaliguoriDEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \ 4270e5910d42SPeter Maydell "-gdb dev accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting\n" 4271e5910d42SPeter Maydell " the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too\n" 4272e5910d42SPeter Maydell " if you want it to not start execution.)\n", 4273e5910d42SPeter Maydell QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4274e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-gdb dev`` 4276923e9311SThomas Huth Accept a gdb connection on device dev (see the :ref:`GDB usage` chapter 4277923e9311SThomas Huth in the System Emulation Users Guide). Note that this option does not pause QEMU 4278e5910d42SPeter Maydell execution -- if you want QEMU to not start the guest until you 4279e5910d42SPeter Maydell connect with gdb and issue a ``continue`` command, you will need to 4280e5910d42SPeter Maydell also pass the ``-S`` option to QEMU. 4281e5910d42SPeter Maydell 4282e5910d42SPeter Maydell The most usual configuration is to listen on a local TCP socket:: 4283e5910d42SPeter Maydell 4284e5910d42SPeter Maydell -gdb tcp::3117 4285e5910d42SPeter Maydell 4286e5910d42SPeter Maydell but you can specify other backends; UDP, pseudo TTY, or even stdio 4287e5910d42SPeter Maydell are all reasonable use cases. For example, a stdio connection 4288e5910d42SPeter Maydell allows you to start QEMU from within gdb and establish the 4289e5910d42SPeter Maydell connection via a pipe: 4290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 429109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 4292e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4293e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (gdb) target remote | exec |qemu_system| -gdb stdio ... 4294e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42955824d651Sblueswir1 429659030a8cSaliguoriDEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \ 4297ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT "\n", 4298ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4299e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-s`` 4301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234 4302923e9311SThomas Huth (see the :ref:`GDB usage` chapter in the System Emulation Users Guide). 4303e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43045824d651Sblueswir1 43055824d651Sblueswir1DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \ 4306989b697dSPeter Maydell "-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)\n", 4307ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4308e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-d item1[,...]`` 4310e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable logging of specified items. Use '-d help' for a list of log 4311e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell items. 4312e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43135824d651Sblueswir1 4314c235d738SMatthew FernandezDEF("D", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_D, \ 4315989b697dSPeter Maydell "-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr)\n", 4316c235d738SMatthew Fernandez QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4317e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4318e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-D logfile`` 4319e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Output log in logfile instead of to stderr 4320e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4321c235d738SMatthew Fernandez 43223514552eSAlex BennéeDEF("dfilter", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER, \ 43233514552eSAlex Bennée "-dfilter range,.. filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)\n", 43243514552eSAlex Bennée QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4325e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-dfilter range1[,...]`` 4327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Filter debug output to that relevant to a range of target addresses. 4328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The filter spec can be either start+size, start-size or start..end 4329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell where start end and size are the addresses and sizes required. For 4330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell example: 4331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 4333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4334e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -dfilter 0x8000..0x8fff,0xffffffc000080000+0x200,0xffffffc000060000-0x1000 4335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4336e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Will dump output for any code in the 0x1000 sized block starting at 4337e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 0x8000 and the 0x200 sized block starting at 0xffffffc000080000 and 4338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell another 0x1000 sized block starting at 0xffffffc00005f000. 4339e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43403514552eSAlex Bennée 43419c09a251SRichard HendersonDEF("seed", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_seed, \ 43429c09a251SRichard Henderson "-seed number seed the pseudo-random number generator\n", 43439c09a251SRichard Henderson QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4344e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-seed number`` 4346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Force the guest to use a deterministic pseudo-random number 4347e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell generator, seeded with number. This does not affect crypto routines 4348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell within the host. 4349e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43509c09a251SRichard Henderson 43515824d651Sblueswir1DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \ 4352ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n", 4353ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4354e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4355e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-L path`` 4356e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps. 4357e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4358e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To list all the data directories, use ``-L help``. 4359e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43605824d651Sblueswir1 43615824d651Sblueswir1DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \ 436221abf010SThomas Huth "-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support\n", 436321abf010SThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_I386 | QEMU_ARCH_MIPS | QEMU_ARCH_PPC | 436421abf010SThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_RISCV | QEMU_ARCH_S390X) 4365e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4366e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-enable-kvm`` 4367e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only 4368e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell available if KVM support is enabled when compiling. 4369e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43705824d651Sblueswir1 4371e37630caSaliguoriDEF("xen-domid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid, 4372eeb3647cSThomas Huth "-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id\n", 4373eeb3647cSThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_I386) 4374e37630caSaliguoriDEF("xen-attach", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach, 4375e37630caSaliguori "-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain\n" 43761077bcacSAnthony PERARD " libxl will use this when starting QEMU\n", 4377eeb3647cSThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_I386) 43781c599472SPaul DurrantDEF("xen-domid-restrict", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict, 43791c599472SPaul Durrant "-xen-domid-restrict restrict set of available xen operations\n" 43801c599472SPaul Durrant " to specified domain id. (Does not affect\n" 43811c599472SPaul Durrant " xenpv machine type).\n", 4382eeb3647cSThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_I386) 4383e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-xen-domid id`` 4385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify xen guest domain id (XEN only). 4386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-xen-attach`` 4388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Attach to existing xen domain. libxl will use this when starting 4389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU (XEN only). Restrict set of available xen operations to 4390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified domain id (XEN only). 4391e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4392e37630caSaliguori 43935824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \ 4394ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4395e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-reboot`` 4397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Exit instead of rebooting. 4398e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43995824d651Sblueswir1 44005824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \ 4401ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-no-shutdown stop before shutdown\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4402e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-shutdown`` 4404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the 4405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulation. This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit 4406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell changes to the disk image. 4407e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44085824d651Sblueswir1 44092a5ad60bSAlejandro JimenezDEF("action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_action, 4410c27025e0SPaolo Bonzini "-action reboot=reset|shutdown\n" 4411c27025e0SPaolo Bonzini " action when guest reboots [default=reset]\n" 44122a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez "-action shutdown=poweroff|pause\n" 44132a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez " action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]\n" 44140882caf4SIlya Leoshkevich "-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none\n" 4415c27025e0SPaolo Bonzini " action when guest panics [default=shutdown]\n" 44162a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez "-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none\n" 44172a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez " action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n", 44182a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 44192a5ad60bSAlejandro JimenezSRST 44202a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez``-action event=action`` 44212a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez The action parameter serves to modify QEMU's default behavior when 44222a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez certain guest events occur. It provides a generic method for specifying the 44232a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez same behaviors that are modified by the ``-no-reboot`` and ``-no-shutdown`` 44242a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez parameters. 44252a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez 44262a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez Examples: 44272a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez 4428c753e8e7SAlejandro Jimenez ``-action panic=none`` 44292a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez ``-action reboot=shutdown,shutdown=pause`` 44305433af76SPaolo Bonzini ``-device i6300esb -action watchdog=pause`` 44312a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez 44322a5ad60bSAlejandro JimenezERST 44332a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez 44345824d651Sblueswir1DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \ 44355824d651Sblueswir1 "-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \ 4436ad96090aSBlue Swirl " start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n", 4437ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4438e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-loadvm file`` 4440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Start right away with a saved state (``loadvm`` in monitor) 4441e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44425824d651Sblueswir1 44435824d651Sblueswir1#ifndef _WIN32 44445824d651Sblueswir1DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \ 4445ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 44465824d651Sblueswir1#endif 4447e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4448e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-daemonize`` 4449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not 4450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell detach from standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on 4451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell any of its devices. This option is a useful way for external 4452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell programs to launch QEMU without having to cope with initialization 4453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell race conditions. 4454e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44555824d651Sblueswir1 44565824d651Sblueswir1DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \ 4457ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n", 4458ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4459e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-option-rom file`` 4461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Load the contents of file as an option ROM. This option is useful to 4462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell load things like EtherBoot. 4463e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44645824d651Sblueswir1 44651ed2fc1fSJan KiszkaDEF("rtc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rtc, \ 4466238d1240SArtem Pisarenko "-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]\n" \ 4467ad96090aSBlue Swirl " set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)\n", 4468ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 44691ed2fc1fSJan Kiszka 4470e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-rtc [base=utc|localtime|datetime][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]`` 4472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify ``base`` as ``utc`` or ``localtime`` to let the RTC start at 4473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the current UTC or local time, respectively. ``localtime`` is 4474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell required for correct date in MS-DOS or Windows. To start at a 4475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specific point in time, provide datetime in the format 4476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``2006-06-17T16:01:21`` or ``2006-06-17``. The default base is UTC. 4477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell By default the RTC is driven by the host system time. This allows 4479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using of the RTC as accurate reference clock inside the guest, 4480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specifically if the host time is smoothly following an accurate 4481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell external reference clock, e.g. via NTP. If you want to isolate the 4482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest time from the host, you can set ``clock`` to ``rt`` instead, 4483e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which provides a host monotonic clock if host support it. To even 4484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell prevent the RTC from progressing during suspension, you can set 4485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``clock`` to ``vm`` (virtual clock). '\ ``clock=vm``\ ' is 4486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell recommended especially in icount mode in order to preserve 4487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell determinism; however, note that in icount mode the speed of the 4488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell virtual clock is variable and can in general differ from the host 4489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell clock. 4490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable ``driftfix`` (i386 targets only) if you experience time drift 4492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell problems, specifically with Windows' ACPI HAL. This option will try 4493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to figure out how many timer interrupts were not processed by the 4494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Windows guest and will re-inject them. 4495e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44965824d651Sblueswir1 44975824d651Sblueswir1DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \ 4498fa647905SPeter Maydell "-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]\n" \ 4499bc14ca24Saliguori " enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \ 4500f1f4b57eSVictor CLEMENT " instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks\n" \ 4501fa647905SPeter Maydell " or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable\n" \ 4502fa647905SPeter Maydell " record-and-replay mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4503e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4504fa647905SPeter Maydell``-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=filename[,rrsnapshot=snapshot]]`` 4505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute one 4506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instruction every 2^N ns of virtual time. If ``auto`` is specified 4507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep 4508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell virtual time within a few seconds of real time. 4509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does 4511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell not provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain 4512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell superscalar out of order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The 4513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell number of instructions executed often has little or no correlation 4514e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with actual performance. 4515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4516fa647905SPeter Maydell When the virtual cpu is sleeping, the virtual time will advance at 4517fa647905SPeter Maydell default speed unless ``sleep=on`` is specified. With 4518fa647905SPeter Maydell ``sleep=on``, the virtual time will jump to the next timer 4519fa647905SPeter Maydell deadline instantly whenever the virtual cpu goes to sleep mode and 4520fa647905SPeter Maydell will not advance if no timer is enabled. This behavior gives 4521fa647905SPeter Maydell deterministic execution times from the guest point of view. 4522fa647905SPeter Maydell The default if icount is enabled is ``sleep=off``. 4523fa647905SPeter Maydell ``sleep=on`` cannot be used together with either ``shift=auto`` 4524fa647905SPeter Maydell or ``align=on``. 4525fa647905SPeter Maydell 4526e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``align=on`` will activate the delay algorithm which will try to 4527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell synchronise the host clock and the virtual clock. The goal is to 4528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell have a guest running at the real frequency imposed by the shift 4529e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. Whenever the guest clock is behind the host clock and if 4530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``align=on`` is specified then we print a message to the user to 4531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell inform about the delay. Currently this option does not work when 4532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``shift`` is ``auto``. Note: The sync algorithm will work for those 4533e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell shift values for which the guest clock runs ahead of the host clock. 4534e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Typically this happens when the shift value is high (how high 4535fa647905SPeter Maydell depends on the host machine). The default if icount is enabled 4536fa647905SPeter Maydell is ``align=off``. 4537e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4538fa647905SPeter Maydell When the ``rr`` option is specified deterministic record/replay is 4539fa647905SPeter Maydell enabled. The ``rrfile=`` option must also be provided to 4540fa647905SPeter Maydell specify the path to the replay log. In record mode data is written 4541fa647905SPeter Maydell to this file, and in replay mode it is read back. 4542fa647905SPeter Maydell If the ``rrsnapshot`` option is given then it specifies a VM snapshot 4543fa647905SPeter Maydell name. In record mode, a new VM snapshot with the given name is created 4544fa647905SPeter Maydell at the start of execution recording. In replay mode this option 4545fa647905SPeter Maydell specifies the snapshot name used to load the initial VM state. 4546e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 45475824d651Sblueswir1 45489dd986ccSRichard W.M. JonesDEF("watchdog-action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action, \ 45497ad9270eSMarkus Armbruster "-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none\n" \ 4550ad96090aSBlue Swirl " action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n", 4551ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4552e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-watchdog-action action`` 4554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The action controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer 4555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell expires. The default is ``reset`` (forcefully reset the guest). 4556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Other possible actions are: ``shutdown`` (attempt to gracefully 4557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell shutdown the guest), ``poweroff`` (forcefully poweroff the guest), 4558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``inject-nmi`` (inject a NMI into the guest), ``pause`` (pause the 4559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest), ``debug`` (print a debug message and continue), or ``none`` 4560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (do nothing). 4561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that the ``shutdown`` action requires that the guest responds 4563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to ACPI signals, which it may not be able to do in the sort of 4564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell situations where the watchdog would have expired, and thus 4565e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-watchdog-action shutdown`` is not recommended for production use. 4566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Examples: 4568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 45695433af76SPaolo Bonzini ``-device i6300esb -watchdog-action pause`` 4570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4571e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 45729dd986ccSRichard W.M. Jones 45735824d651Sblueswir1DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \ 4574ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n", 4575ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4576e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4577e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-echr numeric_ascii_value`` 4578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when 4579e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using monitor and serial sharing. The default is ``0x01`` when using 4580e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the ``-nographic`` option. ``0x01`` is equal to pressing 4581e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Control-a``. You can select a different character from the ascii 4582e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. 4583e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For instance you could use the either of the following to change the 4584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell escape character to Control-t. 4585e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-echr 0x14``; \ ``-echr 20`` 4587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4588e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 45895824d651Sblueswir1 45905824d651Sblueswir1DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \ 4591bf24095fSDaniel P. Berrangé "-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]\n" \ 4592bf24095fSDaniel P. Berrangé "-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]\n" \ 45937c601803SMichael Tokarev "-incoming unix:socketpath\n" \ 45947c601803SMichael Tokarev " prepare for incoming migration, listen on\n" \ 45957c601803SMichael Tokarev " specified protocol and socket address\n" \ 45967c601803SMichael Tokarev "-incoming fd:fd\n" \ 45977c601803SMichael Tokarev "-incoming exec:cmdline\n" \ 45987c601803SMichael Tokarev " accept incoming migration on given file descriptor\n" \ 45991597051bSDr. David Alan Gilbert " or from given external command\n" \ 46001597051bSDr. David Alan Gilbert "-incoming defer\n" \ 46011597051bSDr. David Alan Gilbert " wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming\n", 4602ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4603e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4604bf24095fSDaniel P. Berrangé``-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]`` 460509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 4606bf24095fSDaniel P. Berrangé``-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]`` 4607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Prepare for incoming migration, listen on a given tcp port. 4608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-incoming unix:socketpath`` 4610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Prepare for incoming migration, listen on a given unix socket. 4611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-incoming fd:fd`` 4613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accept incoming migration from a given filedescriptor. 4614e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4615e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-incoming exec:cmdline`` 4616e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accept incoming migration as an output from specified external 4617e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell command. 4618e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4619e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-incoming defer`` 4620e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Wait for the URI to be specified via migrate\_incoming. The monitor 4621e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be used to change settings (such as migration parameters) prior 4622e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to issuing the migrate\_incoming to allow the migration to begin. 4623e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 46245824d651Sblueswir1 4625d15c05fcSAshijeet AcharyaDEF("only-migratable", 0, QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable, \ 4626d15c05fcSAshijeet Acharya "-only-migratable allow only migratable devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4627e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4628e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-only-migratable`` 4629e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Only allow migratable devices. Devices will not be allowed to enter 4630e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell an unmigratable state. 4631e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4632d15c05fcSAshijeet Acharya 4633d8c208ddSGerd HoffmannDEF("nodefaults", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults, \ 4634ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-nodefaults don't create default devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4635e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4636e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-nodefaults`` 4637e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Don't create default devices. Normally, QEMU sets the default 4638e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell devices like serial port, parallel port, virtual console, monitor 4639e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device, VGA adapter, floppy and CD-ROM drive and others. The 4640e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-nodefaults`` option will disable all those default devices. 4641e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4642d8c208ddSGerd Hoffmann 46435824d651Sblueswir1#ifndef _WIN32 46445824d651Sblueswir1DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \ 4645ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM\n", 4646ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 46475824d651Sblueswir1#endif 4648e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4649e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chroot dir`` 4650e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified 4651e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas. 4652e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 46535824d651Sblueswir1 46545824d651Sblueswir1#ifndef _WIN32 46555824d651Sblueswir1DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \ 46562c42f1e8SIan Jackson "-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n" \ 46572c42f1e8SIan Jackson " user can be numeric uid:gid instead\n", 4658ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 46595824d651Sblueswir1#endif 4660e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4661e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-runas user`` 4662e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, 4663e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell switching to the specified user. 4664e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 46655824d651Sblueswir1 46665824d651Sblueswir1DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env, 46675824d651Sblueswir1 "-prom-env variable=value\n" 4668ad96090aSBlue Swirl " set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n", 4669ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC) 4670e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4671e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-prom-env variable=value`` 4672e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set OpenBIOS nvram variable to given value (PPC, SPARC only). 4673e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4674e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 4675e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4676e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell qemu-system-sparc -prom-env 'auto-boot?=false' \ 4677e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -prom-env 'boot-device=sd(0,2,0):d' -prom-env 'boot-args=linux single' 4678e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4679e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 4680e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4681e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell qemu-system-ppc -prom-env 'auto-boot?=false' \ 4682e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -prom-env 'boot-device=hd:2,\yaboot' \ 4683e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -prom-env 'boot-args=conf=hd:2,\yaboot.conf' 4684e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 46855824d651Sblueswir1DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting, 4686f7bbcfb5SMichael Walle "-semihosting semihosting mode\n", 46879d49bcf6SMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA | 4688a10b9d93SKeith Packard QEMU_ARCH_MIPS | QEMU_ARCH_NIOS2 | QEMU_ARCH_RISCV) 4689e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4690e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-semihosting`` 46912da9d213SAlex Bennée Enable :ref:`Semihosting` mode (ARM, M68K, Xtensa, MIPS, Nios II, RISC-V only). 4692e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 46932da9d213SAlex Bennée .. warning:: 4694e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that this allows guest direct access to the host filesystem, so 4695e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should only be used with a trusted guest OS. 4696e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4697e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell See the -semihosting-config option documentation for further 4698e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell information about the facilities this enables. 4699e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4700a38bb079SLiviu IonescuDEF("semihosting-config", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config, 47015202861bSPeter Maydell "-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]\n" \ 4702a59d31a1SLeon Alrae " semihosting configuration\n", 47039d49bcf6SMarkus ArmbrusterQEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA | 4704a10b9d93SKeith PackardQEMU_ARCH_MIPS | QEMU_ARCH_NIOS2 | QEMU_ARCH_RISCV) 4705e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 47065202861bSPeter Maydell``-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]`` 47072da9d213SAlex Bennée Enable and configure :ref:`Semihosting` (ARM, M68K, Xtensa, MIPS, Nios II, RISC-V 4708e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell only). 4709e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 47102da9d213SAlex Bennée .. warning:: 4711e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that this allows guest direct access to the host filesystem, so 4712e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should only be used with a trusted guest OS. 4713e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4714e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``target=native|gdb|auto`` 4715e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Defines where the semihosting calls will be addressed, to QEMU 4716e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (``native``) or to GDB (``gdb``). The default is ``auto``, which 4717e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell means ``gdb`` during debug sessions and ``native`` otherwise. 4718e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4719e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``chardev=str1`` 4720e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Send the output to a chardev backend output for native or auto 4721e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell output when not in gdb 4722e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 47235202861bSPeter Maydell ``userspace=on|off`` 47245202861bSPeter Maydell Allows code running in guest userspace to access the semihosting 47255202861bSPeter Maydell interface. The default is that only privileged guest code can 47265202861bSPeter Maydell make semihosting calls. Note that setting ``userspace=on`` should 47275202861bSPeter Maydell only be used if all guest code is trusted (for example, in 47285202861bSPeter Maydell bare-metal test case code). 47295202861bSPeter Maydell 4730e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``arg=str1,arg=str2,...`` 4731e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Allows the user to pass input arguments, and can be used 4732e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiple times to build up a list. The old-style 4733e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-kernel``/``-append`` method of passing a command line is 4734e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell still supported for backward compatibility. If both the 4735e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``--semihosting-config arg`` and the ``-kernel``/``-append`` are 4736e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, the former is passed to semihosting as it always 4737e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell takes precedence. 4738e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 47395824d651Sblueswir1DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param, 4740ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-old-param old param mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM) 4741e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4742e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-old-param`` 4743e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Old param mode (ARM only). 4744e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 474595d5f08bSStefan Weil 47467d76ad4fSEduardo OtuboDEF("sandbox", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sandbox, \ 474773a1e647SEduardo Otubo "-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]\n" \ 474824f8cdc5SEduardo Otubo " [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]\n" \ 47492b716fa6SEduardo Otubo " Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').\n" \ 47502b716fa6SEduardo Otubo " use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided\n" \ 47512b716fa6SEduardo Otubo " by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern\n" \ 475273a1e647SEduardo Otubo " C library implementations.\n" \ 4753d42304b1SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé " use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability\n" \ 4754d42304b1SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé " to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.\n" \ 475573a1e647SEduardo Otubo " The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for\n" \ 4756995a226fSEduardo Otubo " main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged\n" \ 4757995a226fSEduardo Otubo " use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by\n" \ 4758d42304b1SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé " blocking *fork and execve\n" \ 475924f8cdc5SEduardo Otubo " use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority\n", 47607d76ad4fSEduardo Otubo QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4761e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4762e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-sandbox arg[,obsolete=string][,elevateprivileges=string][,spawn=string][,resourcecontrol=string]`` 4763e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable Seccomp mode 2 system call filter. 'on' will enable syscall 4764e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filtering and 'off' will disable it. The default is 'off'. 4765e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4766e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``obsolete=string`` 4767e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable Obsolete system calls 4768e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4769e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``elevateprivileges=string`` 4770e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable set\*uid\|gid system calls 4771e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4772e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``spawn=string`` 4773e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable \*fork and execve 4774e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4775e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``resourcecontrol=string`` 4776e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable process affinity and schedular priority 4777e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 47787d76ad4fSEduardo Otubo 4779715a664aSGerd HoffmannDEF("readconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_readconfig, 4780e960a7eeSPaolo Bonzini "-readconfig <file>\n" 4781e960a7eeSPaolo Bonzini " read config file\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4782e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4783e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-readconfig file`` 4784e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Read device configuration from file. This approach is useful when 4785e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell you want to spawn QEMU process with many command line options but 4786e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell you don't want to exceed the command line character limit. 4787e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 47882feac451SThomas Huth 4789f29a5614SEduardo HabkostDEF("no-user-config", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig, 4790f29a5614SEduardo Habkost "-no-user-config\n" 47913478eae9SEduardo Habkost " do not load default user-provided config files at startup\n", 4792f29a5614SEduardo Habkost QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4793e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4794e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-user-config`` 4795e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``-no-user-config`` option makes QEMU not load any of the 4796e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell user-provided config files on sysconfdir. 4797e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 47982feac451SThomas Huth 4799ab6540d5SPrerna SaxenaDEF("trace", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_trace, 480010578a25SPaolo Bonzini "-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n" 480123d15e86SLluís " specify tracing options\n", 4802ab6540d5SPrerna Saxena QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4803e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4804e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-trace [[enable=]pattern][,events=file][,file=file]`` 480509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. include:: ../qemu-option-trace.rst.inc 4806e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4807e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 480842229a75SLluís VilanovaDEF("plugin", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_plugin, 48093a445acbSMahmoud Mandour "-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]\n" 481042229a75SLluís Vilanova " load a plugin\n", 481142229a75SLluís Vilanova QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4812e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 48133a445acbSMahmoud Mandour``-plugin file=file[,argname=argvalue]`` 4814e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Load a plugin. 4815e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4816e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file=file`` 4817e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Load the given plugin from a shared library file. 4818e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 48193a445acbSMahmoud Mandour ``argname=argvalue`` 48203a445acbSMahmoud Mandour Argument passed to the plugin. (Can be given multiple times.) 4821e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 48223dbf2c7fSStefan Weil 482331e70d6cSMarkus ArmbrusterHXCOMM Internal use 482431e70d6cSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("qtest", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 482531e70d6cSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("qtest-log", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4826c7f0f3b1SAnthony Liguori 4827c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda#ifdef __linux__ 4828c891c24bSClaudio ImbrendaDEF("async-teardown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_asyncteardown, 4829c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda "-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown\n", 4830c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4831c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda#endif 4832c891c24bSClaudio ImbrendaSRST 4833c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda``-async-teardown`` 4834c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda Enable asynchronous teardown. A new process called "cleanup/<QEMU_PID>" 4835c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda will be created at startup sharing the address space with the main qemu 4836c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda process, using clone. It will wait for the main qemu process to 4837c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda terminate completely, and then exit. 4838c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda This allows qemu to terminate very quickly even if the guest was 4839c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda huge, leaving the teardown of the address space to the cleanup 4840c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda process. Since the cleanup process shares the same cgroups as the 4841c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda main qemu process, accounting is performed correctly. This only 4842c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda works if the cleanup process is not forcefully killed with SIGKILL 4843c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda before the main qemu process has terminated completely. 4844c891c24bSClaudio ImbrendaERST 4845c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda 48465e2ac519SSeiji AguchiDEF("msg", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_msg, 48472880ffb0SMario Smarduch "-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]\n" 4848deda497bSMarkus Armbruster " control error message format\n" 48492880ffb0SMario Smarduch " timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)\n" 48502880ffb0SMario Smarduch " guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if\n" 48512880ffb0SMario Smarduch " -name guest option is set (default: off)\n", 48525e2ac519SSeiji Aguchi QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4853e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 48542880ffb0SMario Smarduch``-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name[=on|off]]`` 4855e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Control error message format. 4856e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4857e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``timestamp=on|off`` 4858e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Prefix messages with a timestamp. Default is off. 48592880ffb0SMario Smarduch 48602880ffb0SMario Smarduch ``guest-name=on|off`` 48612880ffb0SMario Smarduch Prefix messages with guest name but only if -name guest option is set 48622880ffb0SMario Smarduch otherwise the option is ignored. Default is off. 4863e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 48645e2ac519SSeiji Aguchi 4865abfd9ce3SAmit ShahDEF("dump-vmstate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate, 4866abfd9ce3SAmit Shah "-dump-vmstate <file>\n" 4867abfd9ce3SAmit Shah " Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.\n" 4868abfd9ce3SAmit Shah " Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to\n" 4869abfd9ce3SAmit Shah " check for possible regressions in migration code\n" 48702382053fSLaurent Vivier " by comparing two such vmstate dumps.\n", 4871abfd9ce3SAmit Shah QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4872e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4873e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-dump-vmstate file`` 4874e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Dump json-encoded vmstate information for current machine type to 4875e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file in file 4876e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4877abfd9ce3SAmit Shah 487812df189dSEmilio G. CotaDEF("enable-sync-profile", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile, 487912df189dSEmilio G. Cota "-enable-sync-profile\n" 488012df189dSEmilio G. Cota " enable synchronization profiling\n", 488112df189dSEmilio G. Cota QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4882e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4883e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-enable-sync-profile`` 4884e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable synchronization profiling. 4885e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 488612df189dSEmilio G. Cota 48875584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich#if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX) 48885584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichDEF("perfmap", 0, QEMU_OPTION_perfmap, 48895584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich "-perfmap generate a /tmp/perf-${pid}.map file for perf\n", 48905584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 48915584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichSRST 48925584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich``-perfmap`` 48935584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich Generate a map file for Linux perf tools that will allow basic profiling 48945584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich information to be broken down into basic blocks. 48955584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichERST 48965584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich 48975584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichDEF("jitdump", 0, QEMU_OPTION_jitdump, 48985584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich "-jitdump generate a jit-${pid}.dump file for perf\n", 48995584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 49005584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichSRST 49015584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich``-jitdump`` 49025584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich Generate a dump file for Linux perf tools that maps basic blocks to symbol 49035584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich names, line numbers and JITted code. 49045584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichERST 49055584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich#endif 49065584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich 490743f187a5SPaolo BonziniDEFHEADING() 4908de6b4f90SMarkus Armbruster 4909de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Generic object creation:) 4910b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange 4911b9174d4fSDaniel P. BerrangeDEF("object", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_object, 4912b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange "-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]\n" 4913b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange " create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties\n" 4914b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange " in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'\n" 4915b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange " property must be set. These objects are placed in the\n" 4916b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange " '/objects' path.\n", 4917b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4918e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4919e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-object typename[,prop1=value1,...]`` 4920e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a new object of type typename setting properties in the order 4921e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell they are specified. Note that the 'id' property must be set. These 4922e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell objects are placed in the '/objects' path. 4923e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 492486635aa4SStefan Hajnoczi ``-object memory-backend-file,id=id,size=size,mem-path=dir,share=on|off,discard-data=on|off,merge=on|off,dump=on|off,prealloc=on|off,host-nodes=host-nodes,policy=default|preferred|bind|interleave,align=align,readonly=on|off`` 4925e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a memory file backend object, which can be used to back 4926e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the guest RAM with huge pages. 4927e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4928e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID that will be used to 492956c9f00eSRobert Hoo reference this memory region in other parameters, e.g. ``-numa``, 493056c9f00eSRobert Hoo ``-device nvdimm``, etc. 4931e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4932e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``size`` option provides the size of the memory region, and 493356c9f00eSRobert Hoo accepts common suffixes, e.g. ``500M``. 4934e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4935e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``mem-path`` provides the path to either a shared memory or 4936e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell huge page filesystem mount. 4937e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4938e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``share`` boolean option determines whether the memory 4939e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell region is marked as private to QEMU, or shared. The latter 4940e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell allows a co-operating external process to access the QEMU memory 4941e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell region. 4942e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4943e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``share`` is also required for pvrdma devices due to 4944e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell limitations in the RDMA API provided by Linux. 4945e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4946e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Setting share=on might affect the ability to configure NUMA 4947e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bindings for the memory backend under some circumstances, see 4948e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Documentation/vm/numa\_memory\_policy.txt on the Linux kernel 4949e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell source tree for additional details. 4950e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4951e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Setting the ``discard-data`` boolean option to on indicates that 4952e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file contents can be destroyed when QEMU exits, to avoid 4953e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell unnecessarily flushing data to the backing file. Note that 4954e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``discard-data`` is only an optimization, and QEMU might not 4955e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell discard file contents if it aborts unexpectedly or is terminated 4956e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using SIGKILL. 4957e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4958e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``merge`` boolean option enables memory merge, also known as 4959e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell MADV\_MERGEABLE, so that Kernel Samepage Merging will consider 4960e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the pages for memory deduplication. 4961e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4962e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Setting the ``dump`` boolean option to off excludes the memory 4963e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from core dumps. This feature is also known as MADV\_DONTDUMP. 4964e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4965e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``prealloc`` boolean option enables memory preallocation. 4966e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4967e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``host-nodes`` option binds the memory range to a list of 4968e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NUMA host nodes. 4969e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4970e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``policy`` option sets the NUMA policy to one of the 4971e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell following values: 4972e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4973e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``default`` 4974e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default host policy 4975e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4976e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``preferred`` 4977e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell prefer the given host node list for allocation 4978e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4979e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bind`` 4980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell restrict memory allocation to the given host node list 4981e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4982e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``interleave`` 4983e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interleave memory allocations across the given host node 4984e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell list 4985e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4986e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``align`` option specifies the base address alignment when 4987e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU mmap(2) ``mem-path``, and accepts common suffixes, eg 4988e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``2M``. Some backend store specified by ``mem-path`` requires an 4989e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell alignment different than the default one used by QEMU, eg the 4990e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device DAX /dev/dax0.0 requires 2M alignment rather than 4K. In 4991e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell such cases, users can specify the required alignment via this 4992e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. 4993e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4994e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``pmem`` option specifies whether the backing file specified 4995e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell by ``mem-path`` is in host persistent memory that can be 4996e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell accessed using the SNIA NVM programming model (e.g. Intel 4997e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NVDIMM). If ``pmem`` is set to 'on', QEMU will take necessary 4998e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operations to guarantee the persistence of its own writes to 4999e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mem-path`` (e.g. in vNVDIMM label emulation and live 5000e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell migration). Also, we will map the backend-file with MAP\_SYNC 5001e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell flag, which ensures the file metadata is in sync for 5002e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mem-path`` in case of host crash or a power failure. MAP\_SYNC 5003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell requires support from both the host kernel (since Linux kernel 5004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4.15) and the filesystem of ``mem-path`` mounted with DAX 5005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. 5006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 500786635aa4SStefan Hajnoczi The ``readonly`` option specifies whether the backing file is opened 500886635aa4SStefan Hajnoczi read-only or read-write (default). 500986635aa4SStefan Hajnoczi 5010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object memory-backend-ram,id=id,merge=on|off,dump=on|off,share=on|off,prealloc=on|off,size=size,host-nodes=host-nodes,policy=default|preferred|bind|interleave`` 5011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a memory backend object, which can be used to back the 5012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest RAM. Memory backend objects offer more control than the 5013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-m`` option that is traditionally used to define guest RAM. 5014e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Please refer to ``memory-backend-file`` for a description of the 5015e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options. 5016e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5017e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object memory-backend-memfd,id=id,merge=on|off,dump=on|off,share=on|off,prealloc=on|off,size=size,host-nodes=host-nodes,policy=default|preferred|bind|interleave,seal=on|off,hugetlb=on|off,hugetlbsize=size`` 5018e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates an anonymous memory file backend object, which allows 5019e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU to share the memory with an external process (e.g. when 5020e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using vhost-user). The memory is allocated with memfd and 5021e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell optional sealing. (Linux only) 5022e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5023e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``seal`` option creates a sealed-file, that will block 5024e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell further resizing the memory ('on' by default). 5025e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5026e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``hugetlb`` option specify the file to be created resides in 5027e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the hugetlbfs filesystem (since Linux 4.14). Used in conjunction 5028e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with the ``hugetlb`` option, the ``hugetlbsize`` option specify 5029e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the hugetlb page size on systems that support multiple hugetlb 5030e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell page sizes (it must be a power of 2 value supported by the 5031e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell system). 5032e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5033e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In some versions of Linux, the ``hugetlb`` option is 5034e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell incompatible with the ``seal`` option (requires at least Linux 5035e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4.16). 5036e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5037e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Please refer to ``memory-backend-file`` for a description of the 5038e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell other options. 5039e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``share`` boolean option is on by default with memfd. 5041e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5042e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object rng-builtin,id=id`` 5043e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy 5044e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from QEMU builtin functions. The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID 5045e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that will be used to reference this entropy backend from the 5046e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``virtio-rng`` device. By default, the ``virtio-rng`` device 5047e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell uses this RNG backend. 5048e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5049e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object rng-random,id=id,filename=/dev/random`` 5050e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy 5051e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from a device on the host. The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID 5052e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that will be used to reference this entropy backend from the 5053e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``virtio-rng`` device. The ``filename`` parameter specifies 5054e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which file to obtain entropy from and if omitted defaults to 5055e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/dev/urandom``. 5056e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5057e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object rng-egd,id=id,chardev=chardevid`` 5058e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy 5059e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from an external daemon running on the host. The ``id`` 5060e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter is a unique ID that will be used to reference this 5061e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell entropy backend from the ``virtio-rng`` device. The ``chardev`` 5062e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter is the unique ID of a character device backend that 5063e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provides the connection to the RNG daemon. 5064e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5065e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object tls-creds-anon,id=id,endpoint=endpoint,dir=/path/to/cred/dir,verify-peer=on|off`` 5066e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a TLS anonymous credentials object, which can be used to 5067e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provide TLS support on network backends. The ``id`` parameter is 5068e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a unique ID which network backends will use to access the 5069e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials. The ``endpoint`` is either ``server`` or ``client`` 5070e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell depending on whether the QEMU network backend that uses the 5071e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. If 5072e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``verify-peer`` is enabled (the default) then once the handshake 5073e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is completed, the peer credentials will be verified, though this 5074e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is a no-op for anonymous credentials. 5075e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5076e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The dir parameter tells QEMU where to find the credential files. 5077e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For server endpoints, this directory may contain a file 5078e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell dh-params.pem providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the 5079e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TLS server. If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of 5080e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell DH parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive 5081e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is 5082e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated 5083e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell upfront and saved. 5084e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5085e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object tls-creds-psk,id=id,endpoint=endpoint,dir=/path/to/keys/dir[,username=username]`` 5086e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a TLS Pre-Shared Keys (PSK) credentials object, which 5087e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be used to provide TLS support on network backends. The 5088e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id`` parameter is a unique ID which network backends will use 5089e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to access the credentials. The ``endpoint`` is either ``server`` 5090e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or ``client`` depending on whether the QEMU network backend that 5091e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell uses the credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. 5092e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For clients only, ``username`` is the username which will be 5093e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sent to the server. If omitted it defaults to "qemu". 5094e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5095e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The dir parameter tells QEMU where to find the keys file. It is 5096e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell called "dir/keys.psk" and contains "username:key" pairs. This 5097e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file can most easily be created using the GnuTLS ``psktool`` 5098e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell program. 5099e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5100e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For server endpoints, dir may also contain a file dh-params.pem 5101e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the TLS server. 5102e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of DH 5103e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive 5104e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is 5105e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated up 5106e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell front and saved. 5107e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5108e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object tls-creds-x509,id=id,endpoint=endpoint,dir=/path/to/cred/dir,priority=priority,verify-peer=on|off,passwordid=id`` 5109e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a TLS anonymous credentials object, which can be used to 5110e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provide TLS support on network backends. The ``id`` parameter is 5111e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a unique ID which network backends will use to access the 5112e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials. The ``endpoint`` is either ``server`` or ``client`` 5113e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell depending on whether the QEMU network backend that uses the 5114e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. If 5115e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``verify-peer`` is enabled (the default) then once the handshake 5116e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is completed, the peer credentials will be verified. With x509 5117e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell certificates, this implies that the clients must be provided 5118e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with valid client certificates too. 5119e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5120e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The dir parameter tells QEMU where to find the credential files. 5121e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For server endpoints, this directory may contain a file 5122e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell dh-params.pem providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the 5123e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TLS server. If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of 5124e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell DH parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive 5125e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is 5126e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated 5127e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell upfront and saved. 5128e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5129e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For x509 certificate credentials the directory will contain 5130e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell further files providing the x509 certificates. The certificates 5131e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must be stored in PEM format, in filenames ca-cert.pem, 5132e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ca-crl.pem (optional), server-cert.pem (only servers), 5133e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server-key.pem (only servers), client-cert.pem (only clients), 5134e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and client-key.pem (only clients). 5135e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5136e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For the server-key.pem and client-key.pem files which contain 5137e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sensitive private keys, it is possible to use an encrypted 5138e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell version by providing the passwordid parameter. This provides the 5139e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ID of a previously created ``secret`` object containing the 5140e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell password for decryption. 5141e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5142e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The priority parameter allows to override the global default 5143e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell priority used by gnutls. This can be useful if the system 5144e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell administrator needs to use a weaker set of crypto priorities for 5145e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU without potentially forcing the weakness onto all 5146e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell applications. Or conversely if one wants wants a stronger 5147e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default for QEMU than for all other applications, they can do 5148e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this through this parameter. Its format is a gnutls priority 5149e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell string as described at 5150e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html. 5151e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5152993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé ``-object tls-cipher-suites,id=id,priority=priority`` 5153993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé Creates a TLS cipher suites object, which can be used to control 5154993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé the TLS cipher/protocol algorithms that applications are permitted 5155993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé to use. 5156993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 5157993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID which frontends will use to 5158993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé access the ordered list of permitted TLS cipher suites from the 5159993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé host. 5160993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 5161993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé The ``priority`` parameter allows to override the global default 5162993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé priority used by gnutls. This can be useful if the system 5163993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé administrator needs to use a weaker set of crypto priorities for 5164993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé QEMU without potentially forcing the weakness onto all 5165993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé applications. Or conversely if one wants wants a stronger 5166993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé default for QEMU than for all other applications, they can do 5167993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé this through this parameter. Its format is a gnutls priority 5168993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé string as described at 5169993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html. 5170993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 517169699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé An example of use of this object is to control UEFI HTTPS Boot. 517269699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé The tls-cipher-suites object exposes the ordered list of permitted 517369699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé TLS cipher suites from the host side to the guest firmware, via 517469699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé fw_cfg. The list is represented as an array of IANA_TLS_CIPHER 517569699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé objects. The firmware uses the IANA_TLS_CIPHER array for configuring 517669699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé guest-side TLS. 517769699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 517869699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé In the following example, the priority at which the host-side policy 517969699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé is retrieved is given by the ``priority`` property. 518069699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé Given that QEMU uses GNUTLS, ``priority=@SYSTEM`` may be used to 518169699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé refer to /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/gnutls.config. 518269699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 518369699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé .. parsed-literal:: 518469699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 5185353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5186353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object tls-cipher-suites,id=mysuite0,priority=@SYSTEM \\ 518769699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé -fw_cfg name=etc/edk2/https/ciphers,gen_id=mysuite0 518869699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 5189e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-buffer,id=id,netdev=netdevid,interval=t[,queue=all|rx|tx][,status=on|off][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5190e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Interval t can't be 0, this filter batches the packet delivery: 5191e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all packets arriving in a given interval on netdev netdevid are 5192e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell delayed until the end of the interval. Interval is in 5193e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell microseconds. ``status`` is optional that indicate whether the 5194e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netfilter is on (enabled) or off (disabled), the default status 5195e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for netfilter will be 'on'. 5196e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5197e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell queue all\|rx\|tx is an option that can be applied to any 5198e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netfilter. 5199e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``all``: the filter is attached both to the receive and the 5201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell transmit queue of the netdev (default). 5202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``rx``: the filter is attached to the receive queue of the 5204e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netdev, where it will receive packets sent to the netdev. 5205e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tx``: the filter is attached to the transmit queue of the 5207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netdev, where it will receive packets sent by the netdev. 5208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5209e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell position head\|tail\|id=<id> is an option to specify where the 5210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter should be inserted in the filter list. It can be applied 5211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to any netfilter. 5212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5213e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``head``: the filter is inserted at the head of the filter list, 5214e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell before any existing filters. 5215e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5216e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tail``: the filter is inserted at the tail of the filter list, 5217e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell behind any existing filters (default). 5218e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5219e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=<id>``: the filter is inserted before or behind the filter 5220e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified by <id>, see the insert option below. 5221e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5222e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell insert behind\|before is an option to specify where to insert 5223e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the new filter relative to the one specified with 5224e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell position=id=<id>. It can be applied to any netfilter. 5225e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5226e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``before``: insert before the specified filter. 5227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``behind``: insert behind the specified filter (default). 5229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5230e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-mirror,id=id,netdev=netdevid,outdev=chardevid,queue=all|rx|tx[,vnet_hdr_support][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5231e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-mirror on netdev netdevid,mirror net packet to 5232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell chardevchardevid, if it has the vnet\_hdr\_support flag, 5233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-mirror will mirror packet with vnet\_hdr\_len. 5234e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5235e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-redirector,id=id,netdev=netdevid,indev=chardevid,outdev=chardevid,queue=all|rx|tx[,vnet_hdr_support][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5236e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-redirector on netdev netdevid,redirect filter's net 5237e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell packet to chardev chardevid,and redirect indev's packet to 5238e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter.if it has the vnet\_hdr\_support flag, filter-redirector 5239e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will redirect packet with vnet\_hdr\_len. Create a 5240e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-redirector we need to differ outdev id from indev id, id 5241e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can not be the same. we can just use indev or outdev, but at 5242e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell least one of indev or outdev need to be specified. 5243e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5244e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-rewriter,id=id,netdev=netdevid,queue=all|rx|tx,[vnet_hdr_support][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5245e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Filter-rewriter is a part of COLO project.It will rewrite tcp 5246e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell packet to secondary from primary to keep secondary tcp 5247e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connection,and rewrite tcp packet to primary from secondary make 5248e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell tcp packet can be handled by client.if it has the 5249e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vnet\_hdr\_support flag, we can parse packet with vnet header. 5250e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5251e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usage: colo secondary: -object 5252e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-redirector,id=f1,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,indev=red0 -object 5253e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-redirector,id=f2,netdev=hn0,queue=rx,outdev=red1 -object 5254e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-rewriter,id=rew0,netdev=hn0,queue=all 5255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-dump,id=id,netdev=dev[,file=filename][,maxlen=len][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5257e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Dump the network traffic on netdev dev to the file specified by 5258e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filename. At most len bytes (64k by default) per packet are 5259e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell stored. The file format is libpcap, so it can be analyzed with 5260e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark. 5261e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5262a2e5cb7aSZhang Chen ``-object colo-compare,id=id,primary_in=chardevid,secondary_in=chardevid,outdev=chardevid,iothread=id[,vnet_hdr_support][,notify_dev=id][,compare_timeout=@var{ms}][,expired_scan_cycle=@var{ms}][,max_queue_size=@var{size}]`` 5263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Colo-compare gets packet from primary\_in chardevid and 52642b28a7efSZhang Chen secondary\_in, then compare whether the payload of primary packet 52652b28a7efSZhang Chen and secondary packet are the same. If same, it will output 52662b28a7efSZhang Chen primary packet to out\_dev, else it will notify COLO-framework to do 52672b28a7efSZhang Chen checkpoint and send primary packet to out\_dev. In order to 52682b28a7efSZhang Chen improve efficiency, we need to put the task of comparison in 52692b28a7efSZhang Chen another iothread. If it has the vnet\_hdr\_support flag, 52702b28a7efSZhang Chen colo compare will send/recv packet with vnet\_hdr\_len. 52712b28a7efSZhang Chen The compare\_timeout=@var{ms} determines the maximum time of the 52722b28a7efSZhang Chen colo-compare hold the packet. The expired\_scan\_cycle=@var{ms} 52732b28a7efSZhang Chen is to set the period of scanning expired primary node network packets. 52742b28a7efSZhang Chen The max\_queue\_size=@var{size} is to set the max compare queue 52752b28a7efSZhang Chen size depend on user environment. 52762b28a7efSZhang Chen If user want to use Xen COLO, need to add the notify\_dev to 52779cc43c94SZhang Chen notify Xen colo-frame to do checkpoint. 5278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 52792b28a7efSZhang Chen COLO-compare must be used with the help of filter-mirror, 52802b28a7efSZhang Chen filter-redirector and filter-rewriter. 5281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5284e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell KVM COLO 5285e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5286e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell primary: 5287e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,downscript=/etc/qemu-ifdown 5288e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device e1000,id=e0,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 5289bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=mirror0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003,server=on,wait=off 5290bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004,server=on,wait=off 5291bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001,server=on,wait=off 5292e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=compare0-0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001 5293bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare_out,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005,server=on,wait=off 5294e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=compare_out0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005 5295e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object iothread,id=iothread1 5296e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-mirror,id=m0,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,outdev=mirror0 5297e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire0,queue=rx,indev=compare_out 5298e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire1,queue=rx,outdev=compare0 5299e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object colo-compare,id=comp0,primary_in=compare0-0,secondary_in=compare1,outdev=compare_out0,iothread=iothread1 5300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell secondary: 5302e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,down script=/etc/qemu-ifdown 5303e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device e1000,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 5304e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=red0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003 5305e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=red1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004 5306e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,id=f1,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,indev=red0 5307e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,id=f2,netdev=hn0,queue=rx,outdev=red1 5308e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5310e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Xen COLO 5311e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5312e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell primary: 5313e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,downscript=/etc/qemu-ifdown 5314e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device e1000,id=e0,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 5315bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=mirror0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003,server=on,wait=off 5316bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004,server=on,wait=off 5317bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001,server=on,wait=off 5318e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=compare0-0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001 5319bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare_out,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005,server=on,wait=off 5320e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=compare_out0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005 5321bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=notify_way,host=3.3.3.3,port=9009,server=on,wait=off 5322e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-mirror,id=m0,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,outdev=mirror0 5323e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire0,queue=rx,indev=compare_out 5324e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire1,queue=rx,outdev=compare0 5325e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object iothread,id=iothread1 5326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object colo-compare,id=comp0,primary_in=compare0-0,secondary_in=compare1,outdev=compare_out0,notify_dev=nofity_way,iothread=iothread1 5327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell secondary: 5329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,down script=/etc/qemu-ifdown 5330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device e1000,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 5331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=red0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003 5332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=red1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004 5333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,id=f1,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,indev=red0 5334e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,id=f2,netdev=hn0,queue=rx,outdev=red1 5335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5336e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you want to know the detail of above command line, you can 5337e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell read the colo-compare git log. 5338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5339e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object cryptodev-backend-builtin,id=id[,queues=queues]`` 53401e458f11SStefan Weil Creates a cryptodev backend which executes crypto operations from 53411e458f11SStefan Weil the QEMU cipher APIs. The id parameter is a unique ID that will 5342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be used to reference this cryptodev backend from the 5343e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``virtio-crypto`` device. The queues parameter is optional, 5344e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which specify the queue number of cryptodev backend, the default 5345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell of queues is 1. 5346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 534709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5349353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5350353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek [...] \\ 5351353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object cryptodev-backend-builtin,id=cryptodev0 \\ 5352353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device virtio-crypto-pci,id=crypto0,cryptodev=cryptodev0 \\ 5353e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [...] 5354e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5355e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object cryptodev-vhost-user,id=id,chardev=chardevid[,queues=queues]`` 5356e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a vhost-user cryptodev backend, backed by a chardev 5357e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell chardevid. The id parameter is a unique ID that will be used to 5358e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell reference this cryptodev backend from the ``virtio-crypto`` 5359e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device. The chardev should be a unix domain socket backed one. 5360e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The vhost-user uses a specifically defined protocol to pass 5361e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vhost ioctl replacement messages to an application on the other 5362e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell end of the socket. The queues parameter is optional, which 5363e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specify the queue number of cryptodev backend for multiqueue 5364e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vhost-user, the default of queues is 1. 5365e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 536609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5367e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5368353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5369353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek [...] \\ 5370353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -chardev socket,id=chardev0,path=/path/to/socket \\ 5371353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object cryptodev-vhost-user,id=cryptodev0,chardev=chardev0 \\ 5372353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device virtio-crypto-pci,id=crypto0,cryptodev=cryptodev0 \\ 5373e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [...] 5374e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5375e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object secret,id=id,data=string,format=raw|base64[,keyid=secretid,iv=string]`` 537609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 5377e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object secret,id=id,file=filename,format=raw|base64[,keyid=secretid,iv=string]`` 5378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Defines a secret to store a password, encryption key, or some 5379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell other sensitive data. The sensitive data can either be passed 5380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell directly via the data parameter, or indirectly via the file 5381e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter. Using the data parameter is insecure unless the 5382e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sensitive data is encrypted. 5383e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The sensitive data can be provided in raw format (the default), 5385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or base64. When encoded as JSON, the raw format only supports 5386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell valid UTF-8 characters, so base64 is recommended for sending 5387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell binary data. QEMU will convert from which ever format is 5388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provided to the format it needs internally. eg, an RBD password 5389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be provided in raw format, even though it will be base64 5390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encoded when passed onto the RBD sever. 5391e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For added protection, it is possible to encrypt the data 5393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell associated with a secret using the AES-256-CBC cipher. Use of 5394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encryption is indicated by providing the keyid and iv 5395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameters. The keyid parameter provides the ID of a previously 5396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell defined secret that contains the AES-256 decryption key. This 5397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell key should be 32-bytes long and be base64 encoded. The iv 5398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter provides the random initialization vector used for 5399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encryption of this particular secret and should be a base64 5400e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encrypted string of the 16-byte IV. 5401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5402e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The simplest (insecure) usage is to provide the secret inline 5403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 540409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # |qemu_system| -object secret,id=sec0,data=letmein,format=raw 5407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5408e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The simplest secure usage is to provide the secret via a file 5409e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5410e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # printf "letmein" > mypasswd.txt # QEMU\_SYSTEM\_MACRO -object 5411e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw 5412e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5413e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For greater security, AES-256-CBC should be used. To illustrate 5414e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usage, consider the openssl command line tool which can encrypt 5415e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the data. Note that when encrypting, the plaintext must be 5416e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell padded to the cipher block size (32 bytes) using the standard 5417e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell PKCS#5/6 compatible padding algorithm. 5418e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5419e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell First a master key needs to be created in base64 encoding: 5420e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5421e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5422e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5423e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # openssl rand -base64 32 > key.b64 5424e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # KEY=$(base64 -d key.b64 | hexdump -v -e '/1 "%02X"') 5425e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5426e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Each secret to be encrypted needs to have a random 5427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell initialization vector generated. These do not need to be kept 5428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell secret 5429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # openssl rand -base64 16 > iv.b64 5433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # IV=$(base64 -d iv.b64 | hexdump -v -e '/1 "%02X"') 5434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The secret to be defined can now be encrypted, in this case 5436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell we're telling openssl to base64 encode the result, but it could 5437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be left as raw bytes if desired. 5438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5441e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # SECRET=$(printf "letmein" | 5442e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -K $KEY -iv $IV) 5443e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5444e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When launching QEMU, create a master secret pointing to 5445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``key.b64`` and specify that to be used to decrypt the user 5446e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell password. Pass the contents of ``iv.b64`` to the second secret 5447e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 544809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5450353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5451353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object secret,id=secmaster0,format=base64,file=key.b64 \\ 5452353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object secret,id=sec0,keyid=secmaster0,format=base64,\\ 5453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data=$SECRET,iv=$(<iv.b64) 5454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 545555cdf566SDov Murik ``-object sev-guest,id=id,cbitpos=cbitpos,reduced-phys-bits=val,[sev-device=string,policy=policy,handle=handle,dh-cert-file=file,session-file=file,kernel-hashes=on|off]`` 5456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) guest object, 5457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which can be used to provide the guest memory encryption support 5458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on AMD processors. 5459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When memory encryption is enabled, one of the physical address 5461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bit (aka the C-bit) is utilized to mark if a memory page is 5462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell protected. The ``cbitpos`` is used to provide the C-bit 5463e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell position. The C-bit position is Host family dependent hence user 5464e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must provide this value. On EPYC, the value should be 47. 5465e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5466e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When memory encryption is enabled, we loose certain bits in 5467e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell physical address space. The ``reduced-phys-bits`` is used to 5468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provide the number of bits we loose in physical address space. 5469e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Similar to C-bit, the value is Host family dependent. On EPYC, 5470326e3015STom Lendacky a guest will lose a maximum of 1 bit, so the value should be 1. 5471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``sev-device`` provides the device file to use for 5473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell communicating with the SEV firmware running inside AMD Secure 5474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Processor. The default device is '/dev/sev'. If hardware 5475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supports memory encryption then /dev/sev devices are created by 5476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell CCP driver. 5477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``policy`` provides the guest policy to be enforced by the 5479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell SEV firmware and restrict what configuration and operational 5480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell commands can be performed on this guest by the hypervisor. The 5481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell policy should be provided by the guest owner and is bound to the 5482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest and cannot be changed throughout the lifetime of the 5483e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. The default is 0. 5484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If guest ``policy`` allows sharing the key with another SEV 5486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest then ``handle`` can be use to provide handle of the guest 5487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from which to share the key. 5488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``dh-cert-file`` and ``session-file`` provides the guest 5490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell owner's Public Diffie-Hillman key defined in SEV spec. The PDH 5491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and session parameters are used for establishing a cryptographic 5492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell session with the guest owner to negotiate keys used for 5493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell attestation. The file must be encoded in base64. 5494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 549555cdf566SDov Murik The ``kernel-hashes`` adds the hashes of given kernel/initrd/ 549655cdf566SDov Murik cmdline to a designated guest firmware page for measured Linux 549755cdf566SDov Murik boot with -kernel. The default is off. (Since 6.2) 549855cdf566SDov Murik 5499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell e.g to launch a SEV guest 5500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 550109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5503353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system_x86| \\ 5504353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ...... \\ 5505326e3015STom Lendacky -object sev-guest,id=sev0,cbitpos=47,reduced-phys-bits=1 \\ 5506353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -machine ...,memory-encryption=sev0 \\ 5507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ..... 5508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object authz-simple,id=id,identity=string`` 5510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create an authorization object that will control access to 5511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network services. 5512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``identity`` parameter is identifies the user and its format 5514e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell depends on the network service that authorization object is 5515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell associated with. For authorizing based on TLS x509 certificates, 5516e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the identity must be the x509 distinguished name. Note that care 5517e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must be taken to escape any commas in the distinguished name. 5518e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5519e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell An example authorization object to validate a x509 distinguished 5520e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell name would look like: 5521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 552209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5524353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5525353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ... \\ 5526353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object 'authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB' \\ 5527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ... 5528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5529e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note the use of quotes due to the x509 distinguished name 5530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell containing whitespace, and escaping of ','. 5531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 55324d7beeabSDaniel P. Berrangé ``-object authz-listfile,id=id,filename=path,refresh=on|off`` 5533e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create an authorization object that will control access to 5534e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network services. 5535e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5536e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``filename`` parameter is the fully qualified path to a file 5537e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell containing the access control list rules in JSON format. 5538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell An example set of rules that match against SASL usernames might 5540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell look like: 5541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5542e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5543e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5544e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { 5545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "rules": [ 5546e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { "match": "fred", "policy": "allow", "format": "exact" }, 5547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { "match": "bob", "policy": "allow", "format": "exact" }, 5548e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { "match": "danb", "policy": "deny", "format": "glob" }, 5549e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { "match": "dan*", "policy": "allow", "format": "exact" }, 5550e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ], 5551e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "policy": "deny" 5552e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell } 5553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When checking access the object will iterate over all the rules 5555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and the first rule to match will have its ``policy`` value 5556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell returned as the result. If no rules match, then the default 5557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``policy`` value is returned. 5558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The rules can either be an exact string match, or they can use 5560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the simple UNIX glob pattern matching to allow wildcards to be 5561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell used. 5562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If ``refresh`` is set to true the file will be monitored and 5564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell automatically reloaded whenever its content changes. 5565e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell As with the ``authz-simple`` object, the format of the identity 5567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell strings being matched depends on the network service, but is 5568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usually a TLS x509 distinguished name, or a SASL username. 5569e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell An example authorization object to validate a SASL username 5571e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell would look like: 5572e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 557309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5574e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5575353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5576353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ... \\ 55774d7beeabSDaniel P. Berrangé -object authz-simple,id=auth0,filename=/etc/qemu/vnc-sasl.acl,refresh=on \\ 5578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ... 5579e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5580e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object authz-pam,id=id,service=string`` 5581e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create an authorization object that will control access to 5582e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network services. 5583e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``service`` parameter provides the name of a PAM service to 5585e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell use for authorization. It requires that a file 5586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/etc/pam.d/service`` exist to provide the configuration for 5587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the ``account`` subsystem. 5588e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5589e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell An example authorization object to validate a TLS x509 5590e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell distinguished name would look like: 5591e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 559209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5593e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5594353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5595353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ... \\ 5596353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object authz-pam,id=auth0,service=qemu-vnc \\ 5597e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ... 5598e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5599e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell There would then be a corresponding config file for PAM at 5600e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/etc/pam.d/qemu-vnc`` that contains: 5601e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5602e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell account requisite pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow \ 5605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file=/etc/qemu/vnc.allow 5606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Finally the ``/etc/qemu/vnc.allow`` file would contain the list 56081e458f11SStefan Weil of x509 distinguished names that are permitted access 5609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Home,L=London,ST=London,C=GB 5613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 56141793ad02SStefano Garzarella ``-object iothread,id=id,poll-max-ns=poll-max-ns,poll-grow=poll-grow,poll-shrink=poll-shrink,aio-max-batch=aio-max-batch`` 5615e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a dedicated event loop thread that devices can be 5616e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assigned to. This is known as an IOThread. By default device 5617e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulation happens in vCPU threads or the main event loop thread. 5618e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This can become a scalability bottleneck. IOThreads allow device 5619e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulation and I/O to run on other host CPUs. 5620e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5621e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID that will be used to 5622e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell reference this IOThread from ``-device ...,iothread=id``. 5623e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Multiple devices can be assigned to an IOThread. Note that not 5624e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all devices support an ``iothread`` parameter. 5625e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5626e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``query-iothreads`` QMP command lists IOThreads and reports 5627e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell their thread IDs so that the user can configure host CPU 5628e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pinning/affinity. 5629e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5630e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell IOThreads use an adaptive polling algorithm to reduce event loop 5631e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell latency. Instead of entering a blocking system call to monitor 5632e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file descriptors and then pay the cost of being woken up when an 5633e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell event occurs, the polling algorithm spins waiting for events for 5634e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a short time. The algorithm's default parameters are suitable 5635e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for many cases but can be adjusted based on knowledge of the 5636e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell workload and/or host device latency. 5637e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5638e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``poll-max-ns`` parameter is the maximum number of 5639e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell nanoseconds to busy wait for events. Polling can be disabled by 5640e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell setting this value to 0. 5641e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5642e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``poll-grow`` parameter is the multiplier used to increase 5643e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the polling time when the algorithm detects it is missing events 5644e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell due to not polling long enough. 5645e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5646e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``poll-shrink`` parameter is the divisor used to decrease 5647e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the polling time when the algorithm detects it is spending too 5648e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell long polling without encountering events. 5649e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 56501793ad02SStefano Garzarella The ``aio-max-batch`` parameter is the maximum number of requests 56511793ad02SStefano Garzarella in a batch for the AIO engine, 0 means that the engine will use 56521793ad02SStefano Garzarella its default. 56531793ad02SStefano Garzarella 56541793ad02SStefano Garzarella The IOThread parameters can be modified at run-time using the 5655e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``qom-set`` command (where ``iothread1`` is the IOThread's 5656e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id``): 5657e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5658e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5659e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5660e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (qemu) qom-set /objects/iothread1 poll-max-ns 100000 5661e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 5662b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange 5663b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange 56643dbf2c7fSStefan WeilHXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line! 5665fd5fc4b1SPaolo Bonzini 5666fd5fc4b1SPaolo Bonzini#undef DEF 5667fd5fc4b1SPaolo Bonzini#undef DEFHEADING 5668fd5fc4b1SPaolo Bonzini#undef ARCHHEADING 5669