13c95fdefSPeter MaydellHXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and rST. 23c95fdefSPeter MaydellHXCOMM Text between SRST and ERST is copied to the rST version and 33c95fdefSPeter MaydellHXCOMM discarded from C version. 4ad96090aSBlue SwirlHXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask) is used to 5ad96090aSBlue SwirlHXCOMM construct option structures, enums and help message for specified 6ad96090aSBlue SwirlHXCOMM architectures. 73c95fdefSPeter MaydellHXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both rST and C. 85824d651Sblueswir1 9de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Standard options:) 105824d651Sblueswir1 115824d651Sblueswir1DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, 12ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-h or -help display this help and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 13e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 14e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-h`` 15e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Display help and exit 16e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 175824d651Sblueswir1 189bd7e6d9SpbrookDEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version, 19ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-version display version information and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 20e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 21e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-version`` 22e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Display version information and exit 23e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 249bd7e6d9Spbrook 2580f52a66SJan KiszkaDEF("machine", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_machine, \ 2680f52a66SJan Kiszka "-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 27585f6036SPeter Maydell " selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)\n" 2880f52a66SJan Kiszka " property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator\n" 2974a414a1SReinoud Zandijk " supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)\n" 30d1048befSDon Slutz " vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)\n" 318490fc78SLuiz Capitulino " dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)\n" 32a52a7fdfSLe Tan " mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)\n" 332eb1cd07STony Krowiak " aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)\n" 349850c604SAlexander Graf " dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)\n" 3587252e1bSXiao Guangrong " suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)\n" 36902c053dSGreg Kurz " nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)\n" 37244b3f44STao Xu " memory-encryption=@var{} memory encryption object to use (default=none)\n" 388db0b204SIgor Mammedov " hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)\n" 3903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron " memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)\n" 4057702891SCédric Le Goater " cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]\n", 4180f52a66SJan Kiszka QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 42e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 43e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-machine [type=]name[,prop=value[,...]]`` 44e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Select the emulated machine by name. Use ``-machine help`` to list 45e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell available machines. 46e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 47e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For architectures which aim to support live migration compatibility 48e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell across releases, each release will introduce a new versioned machine 49e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell type. For example, the 2.8.0 release introduced machine types 50e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "pc-i440fx-2.8" and "pc-q35-2.8" for the x86\_64/i686 architectures. 51e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 52e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To allow live migration of guests from QEMU version 2.8.0, to QEMU 53e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell version 2.9.0, the 2.9.0 version must support the "pc-i440fx-2.8" 54e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and "pc-q35-2.8" machines too. To allow users live migrating VMs to 55e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell skip multiple intermediate releases when upgrading, new releases of 56e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU will support machine types from many previous versions. 57e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 58e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Supported machine properties are: 59e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 60e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``accel=accels1[:accels2[:...]]`` 61e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target 6274a414a1SReinoud Zandijk architecture, kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg can be available. 63e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell By default, tcg is used. If there is more than one accelerator 64e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, the next one is used if the previous one fails to 65e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell initialize. 66e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 67e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vmport=on|off|auto`` 68e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables emulation of VMWare IO port, for vmmouse etc. auto says 69e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to select the value based on accel. For accel=xen the default is 70e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell off otherwise the default is on. 71e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 72e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dump-guest-core=on|off`` 73e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Include guest memory in a core dump. The default is on. 74e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 75e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mem-merge=on|off`` 76e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables memory merge support. This feature, when 77e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supported by the host, de-duplicates identical memory pages 78e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell among VMs instances (enabled by default). 79e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 80e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``aes-key-wrap=on|off`` 81e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables AES key wrapping support on s390-ccw hosts. 82e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This feature controls whether AES wrapping keys will be created 83e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to allow execution of AES cryptographic functions. The default 84e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is on. 85e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 86e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dea-key-wrap=on|off`` 87e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables DEA key wrapping support on s390-ccw hosts. 88e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This feature controls whether DEA wrapping keys will be created 89e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to allow execution of DEA cryptographic functions. The default 90e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is on. 91e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 92e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``nvdimm=on|off`` 93e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables NVDIMM support. The default is off. 94e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 95e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``memory-encryption=`` 96e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Memory encryption object to use. The default is none. 97e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 98e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``hmat=on|off`` 99e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables or disables ACPI Heterogeneous Memory Attribute Table 100e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (HMAT) support. The default is off. 1018db0b204SIgor Mammedov 1028db0b204SIgor Mammedov ``memory-backend='id'`` 1038db0b204SIgor Mammedov An alternative to legacy ``-mem-path`` and ``mem-prealloc`` options. 1048db0b204SIgor Mammedov Allows to use a memory backend as main RAM. 1058db0b204SIgor Mammedov 1068db0b204SIgor Mammedov For example: 1078db0b204SIgor Mammedov :: 10895355829SPeter Maydell 1098db0b204SIgor Mammedov -object memory-backend-file,id=pc.ram,size=512M,mem-path=/hugetlbfs,prealloc=on,share=on 1108db0b204SIgor Mammedov -machine memory-backend=pc.ram 1118db0b204SIgor Mammedov -m 512M 1128db0b204SIgor Mammedov 1138db0b204SIgor Mammedov Migration compatibility note: 11495355829SPeter Maydell 11595355829SPeter Maydell * as backend id one shall use value of 'default-ram-id', advertised by 1168db0b204SIgor Mammedov machine type (available via ``query-machines`` QMP command), if migration 1178db0b204SIgor Mammedov to/from old QEMU (<5.0) is expected. 11895355829SPeter Maydell * for machine types 4.0 and older, user shall 1198db0b204SIgor Mammedov use ``x-use-canonical-path-for-ramblock-id=off`` backend option 1208db0b204SIgor Mammedov if migration to/from old QEMU (<5.0) is expected. 12195355829SPeter Maydell 1228db0b204SIgor Mammedov For example: 1238db0b204SIgor Mammedov :: 12495355829SPeter Maydell 1258db0b204SIgor Mammedov -object memory-backend-ram,id=pc.ram,size=512M,x-use-canonical-path-for-ramblock-id=off 1268db0b204SIgor Mammedov -machine memory-backend=pc.ram 1278db0b204SIgor Mammedov -m 512M 12803b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 12903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron ``cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]`` 13003b39fcfSJonathan Cameron Define a CXL Fixed Memory Window (CFMW). 13103b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 13203b39fcfSJonathan Cameron Described in the CXL 2.0 ECN: CEDT CFMWS & QTG _DSM. 13303b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 13403b39fcfSJonathan Cameron They are regions of Host Physical Addresses (HPA) on a system which 13503b39fcfSJonathan Cameron may be interleaved across one or more CXL host bridges. The system 13603b39fcfSJonathan Cameron software will assign particular devices into these windows and 13703b39fcfSJonathan Cameron configure the downstream Host-managed Device Memory (HDM) decoders 13803b39fcfSJonathan Cameron in root ports, switch ports and devices appropriately to meet the 13903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron interleave requirements before enabling the memory devices. 14003b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 14103b39fcfSJonathan Cameron ``targets.X=target`` provides the mapping to CXL host bridges 1422cb40d44SStefan Weil which may be identified by the id provided in the -device entry. 14303b39fcfSJonathan Cameron Multiple entries are needed to specify all the targets when 14403b39fcfSJonathan Cameron the fixed memory window represents interleaved memory. X is the 14503b39fcfSJonathan Cameron target index from 0. 14603b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 14703b39fcfSJonathan Cameron ``size=size`` sets the size of the CFMW. This must be a multiple of 14803b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 256MiB. The region will be aligned to 256MiB but the location is 14903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron platform and configuration dependent. 15003b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 15103b39fcfSJonathan Cameron ``interleave-granularity=granularity`` sets the granularity of 15203b39fcfSJonathan Cameron interleave. Default 256KiB. Only 256KiB, 512KiB, 1024KiB, 2048KiB 15303b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 4096KiB, 8192KiB and 16384KiB granularities supported. 15403b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 15503b39fcfSJonathan Cameron Example: 15603b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 15703b39fcfSJonathan Cameron :: 15803b39fcfSJonathan Cameron 15903b39fcfSJonathan Cameron -machine cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=cxl.0,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=cxl.1,cxl-fmw.0.size=128G,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=512k 160e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 1615824d651Sblueswir1 162dfce81f1SSean ChristophersonDEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M, 16311058123SYang Zhong " sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid\n", 164dfce81f1SSean Christopherson QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 165dfce81f1SSean Christopherson 166dfce81f1SSean ChristophersonSRST 16711058123SYang Zhong``sgx-epc.0.memdev=@var{memid},sgx-epc.0.node=@var{numaid}`` 168dfce81f1SSean Christopherson Define an SGX EPC section. 169dfce81f1SSean ChristophersonERST 17080f52a66SJan Kiszka 1715824d651Sblueswir1DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu, 172585f6036SPeter Maydell "-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 173e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 174e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-cpu model`` 175e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Select CPU model (``-cpu help`` for list and additional feature 176e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell selection) 177e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 1785824d651Sblueswir1 1798d4e9146SKONRAD FredericDEF("accel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_accel, 180fe174132SPaolo Bonzini "-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 18174a414a1SReinoud Zandijk " select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)\n" 18246472d82SPaolo Bonzini " igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)\n" 18311bc4a13SPaolo Bonzini " kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)\n" 18423b0898eSPaolo Bonzini " kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes\n" 185a35b3e14SRichard Henderson " split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)\n" 186fe174132SPaolo Bonzini " tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)\n" 1872ea5cb0aSPeter Xu " dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)\n" 188e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang " notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)\n" 1890b3c5c81SEduardo Habkost " thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 190e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 191e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-accel name[,prop=value[,...]]`` 192e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target 19374a414a1SReinoud Zandijk architecture, kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg can be available. By 194e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default, tcg is used. If there is more than one accelerator 195e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, the next one is used if the previous one fails to 196e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell initialize. 197e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 198e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``igd-passthru=on|off`` 199e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When Xen is in use, this option controls whether Intel 200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell integrated graphics devices can be passed through to the guest 201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default=off) 202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``kernel-irqchip=on|off|split`` 204e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Controls KVM in-kernel irqchip support. The default is full 205e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell acceleration of the interrupt controllers. On x86, split irqchip 206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell reduces the kernel attack surface, at a performance cost for 207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell non-MSI interrupts. Disabling the in-kernel irqchip completely 208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is not recommended except for debugging purposes. 209e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``kvm-shadow-mem=size`` 211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Defines the size of the KVM shadow MMU. 212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 213a35b3e14SRichard Henderson ``split-wx=on|off`` 214a35b3e14SRichard Henderson Controls the use of split w^x mapping for the TCG code generation 215a35b3e14SRichard Henderson buffer. Some operating systems require this to be enabled, and in 216a35b3e14SRichard Henderson such a case this will default on. On other operating systems, this 217a35b3e14SRichard Henderson will default off, but one may enable this for testing or debugging. 218a35b3e14SRichard Henderson 219e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tb-size=n`` 220e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Controls the size (in MiB) of the TCG translation block cache. 221e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 222e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``thread=single|multi`` 223e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Controls number of TCG threads. When the TCG is multi-threaded 224cba42d61SMichael Tokarev there will be one thread per vCPU therefore taking advantage of 225e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell additional host cores. The default is to enable multi-threading 226e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell where both the back-end and front-ends support it and no 227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell incompatible TCG features have been enabled (e.g. 228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell icount/replay). 2292ea5cb0aSPeter Xu 2302ea5cb0aSPeter Xu ``dirty-ring-size=n`` 2312ea5cb0aSPeter Xu When the KVM accelerator is used, it controls the size of the per-vCPU 2322ea5cb0aSPeter Xu dirty page ring buffer (number of entries for each vCPU). It should 2332ea5cb0aSPeter Xu be a value that is power of two, and it should be 1024 or bigger (but 2342ea5cb0aSPeter Xu still less than the maximum value that the kernel supports). 4096 2352ea5cb0aSPeter Xu could be a good initial value if you have no idea which is the best. 2362ea5cb0aSPeter Xu Set this value to 0 to disable the feature. By default, this feature 2372ea5cb0aSPeter Xu is disabled (dirty-ring-size=0). When enabled, KVM will instead 2382ea5cb0aSPeter Xu record dirty pages in a bitmap. 2392ea5cb0aSPeter Xu 240e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang ``notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n`` 241e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang Enables or disables notify VM exit support on x86 host and specify 242e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang the corresponding notify window to trigger the VM exit if enabled. 243e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang ``run`` option enables the feature. It does nothing and continue 244e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang if the exit happens. ``internal-error`` option enables the feature. 245e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang It raises a internal error. ``disable`` option doesn't enable the feature. 246e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang This feature can mitigate the CPU stuck issue due to event windows don't 247e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang open up for a specified of time (i.e. notify-window). 248e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang Default: notify-vmexit=run,notify-window=0. 249e2e69f6bSChenyi Qiang 250e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 2518d4e9146SKONRAD Frederic 2525824d651Sblueswir1DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp, 253864c3b5cSYanan Wang "-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]\n" 2540d871785SYanan Wang " set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n" 255ce8ee7c6SDaniel P. Berrangé " maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including\n" 256ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n" 2570d871785SYanan Wang " sockets= number of sockets on the machine board\n" 2580d871785SYanan Wang " dies= number of dies in one socket\n" 259864c3b5cSYanan Wang " clusters= number of clusters in one die\n" 260864c3b5cSYanan Wang " cores= number of cores in one cluster\n" 2610d871785SYanan Wang " threads= number of threads in one core\n" 2620d871785SYanan Wang "Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology\n" 2630d871785SYanan Wang " parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters\n" 2640d871785SYanan Wang " will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a\n" 2650d871785SYanan Wang " three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will\n" 2660d871785SYanan Wang " sequentially mean as below:\n" 2670d871785SYanan Wang " sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board\n" 2680d871785SYanan Wang " cores means the number of cores in one socket\n" 2690d871785SYanan Wang " threads means the number of threads in one core\n" 2700d871785SYanan Wang " For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy\n" 2710d871785SYanan Wang " can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters\n" 2720d871785SYanan Wang " can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values\n" 2730d871785SYanan Wang " must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.\n", 274ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 275e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 276864c3b5cSYanan Wang``-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]`` 27780d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé Simulate a SMP system with '\ ``n``\ ' CPUs initially present on 27880d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé the machine type board. On boards supporting CPU hotplug, the optional 27980d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé '\ ``maxcpus``\ ' parameter can be set to enable further CPUs to be 2807d8c5a39SYanan Wang added at runtime. When both parameters are omitted, the maximum number 2817d8c5a39SYanan Wang of CPUs will be calculated from the provided topology members and the 2827d8c5a39SYanan Wang initial CPU count will match the maximum number. When only one of them 2837d8c5a39SYanan Wang is given then the omitted one will be set to its counterpart's value. 2847d8c5a39SYanan Wang Both parameters may be specified, but the maximum number of CPUs must 2850d871785SYanan Wang be equal to or greater than the initial CPU count. Product of the 2860d871785SYanan Wang CPU topology hierarchy must be equal to the maximum number of CPUs. 2870d871785SYanan Wang Both parameters are subject to an upper limit that is determined by 2880d871785SYanan Wang the specific machine type chosen. 28980d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé 2900d871785SYanan Wang To control reporting of CPU topology information, values of the topology 2910d871785SYanan Wang parameters can be specified. Machines may only support a subset of the 2920d871785SYanan Wang parameters and different machines may have different subsets supported 2930d871785SYanan Wang which vary depending on capacity of the corresponding CPU targets. So 2940d871785SYanan Wang for a particular machine type board, an expected topology hierarchy can 2950d871785SYanan Wang be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters can 2960d871785SYanan Wang also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values must be 2970d871785SYanan Wang set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing. 29880d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé 29980d78357SDaniel P. Berrangé Either the initial CPU count, or at least one of the topology parameters 300c2511b16SYanan Wang must be specified. The specified parameters must be greater than zero, 301c2511b16SYanan Wang explicit configuration like "cpus=0" is not allowed. Values for any 302c2511b16SYanan Wang omitted parameters will be computed from those which are given. 3030d871785SYanan Wang 3040d871785SYanan Wang For example, the following sub-option defines a CPU topology hierarchy 3050d871785SYanan Wang (2 sockets totally on the machine, 2 cores per socket, 2 threads per 3060d871785SYanan Wang core) for a machine that only supports sockets/cores/threads. 3070d871785SYanan Wang Some members of the option can be omitted but their values will be 3080d871785SYanan Wang automatically computed: 3090d871785SYanan Wang 3100d871785SYanan Wang :: 3110d871785SYanan Wang 3120d871785SYanan Wang -smp 8,sockets=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=8 3130d871785SYanan Wang 3140d871785SYanan Wang The following sub-option defines a CPU topology hierarchy (2 sockets 3150d871785SYanan Wang totally on the machine, 2 dies per socket, 2 cores per die, 2 threads 3160d871785SYanan Wang per core) for PC machines which support sockets/dies/cores/threads. 3170d871785SYanan Wang Some members of the option can be omitted but their values will be 3180d871785SYanan Wang automatically computed: 3190d871785SYanan Wang 3200d871785SYanan Wang :: 3210d871785SYanan Wang 3220d871785SYanan Wang -smp 16,sockets=2,dies=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 3230d871785SYanan Wang 324d55c316fSYanan Wang The following sub-option defines a CPU topology hierarchy (2 sockets 325d55c316fSYanan Wang totally on the machine, 2 clusters per socket, 2 cores per cluster, 326d55c316fSYanan Wang 2 threads per core) for ARM virt machines which support sockets/clusters 327d55c316fSYanan Wang /cores/threads. Some members of the option can be omitted but their values 328d55c316fSYanan Wang will be automatically computed: 329d55c316fSYanan Wang 330d55c316fSYanan Wang :: 331d55c316fSYanan Wang 332d55c316fSYanan Wang -smp 16,sockets=2,clusters=2,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=16 333d55c316fSYanan Wang 334c2511b16SYanan Wang Historically preference was given to the coarsest topology parameters 335c2511b16SYanan Wang when computing missing values (ie sockets preferred over cores, which 336c2511b16SYanan Wang were preferred over threads), however, this behaviour is considered 3374a0af293SYanan Wang liable to change. Prior to 6.2 the preference was sockets over cores 3384a0af293SYanan Wang over threads. Since 6.2 the preference is cores over sockets over threads. 3390d871785SYanan Wang 3400d871785SYanan Wang For example, the following option defines a machine board with 2 sockets 3410d871785SYanan Wang of 1 core before 6.2 and 1 socket of 2 cores after 6.2: 3420d871785SYanan Wang 3430d871785SYanan Wang :: 3440d871785SYanan Wang 3450d871785SYanan Wang -smp 2 34697f4effeSYicong Yang 34797f4effeSYicong Yang Note: The cluster topology will only be generated in ACPI and exposed 34897f4effeSYicong Yang to guest if it's explicitly specified in -smp. 349e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 3505824d651Sblueswir1 351268a362cSaliguoriDEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa, 352244b3f44STao Xu "-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]\n" 353244b3f44STao Xu "-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]\n" 3542d19c656SIgor Mammedov "-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance\n" 3559b12dfa0SLiu Jingqi "-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]\n" 356c412a48dSLiu Jingqi "-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]\n" 357c412a48dSLiu Jingqi "-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]\n", 3582d19c656SIgor Mammedov QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 359e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 36009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=initiator]`` 36109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 36209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=initiator]`` 36309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 36409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance`` 36509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 36609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]`` 36709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 3682cb40d44SStefan Weil``-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=hierarchy,data-type=type[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]`` 36909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 37009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=str][,policy=str][,line=size]`` 371e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define a NUMA node and assign RAM and VCPUs to it. Set the NUMA 372e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell distance from a source node to a destination node. Set the ACPI 373e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Heterogeneous Memory Attributes for the given nodes. 374e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 375e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Legacy VCPU assignment uses '\ ``cpus``\ ' option where firstcpu and 376e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell lastcpu are CPU indexes. Each '\ ``cpus``\ ' option represent a 377e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell contiguous range of CPU indexes (or a single VCPU if lastcpu is 378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell omitted). A non-contiguous set of VCPUs can be represented by 379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell providing multiple '\ ``cpus``\ ' options. If '\ ``cpus``\ ' is 380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell omitted on all nodes, VCPUs are automatically split between them. 381e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 382e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, the following option assigns VCPUs 0, 1, 2 and 5 to a 383e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NUMA node: 384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,cpus=0-2,cpus=5 388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell '\ ``cpu``\ ' option is a new alternative to '\ ``cpus``\ ' option 390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which uses '\ ``socket-id|core-id|thread-id``\ ' properties to 391e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assign CPU objects to a node using topology layout properties of 392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell CPU. The set of properties is machine specific, and depends on used 393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell machine type/'\ ``smp``\ ' options. It could be queried with 394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell '\ ``hotpluggable-cpus``\ ' monitor command. '\ ``node-id``\ ' 395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell property specifies node to which CPU object will be assigned, it's 396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell required for node to be declared with '\ ``node``\ ' option before 397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it's used with '\ ``cpu``\ ' option. 398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example: 400e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 402e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -M pc \ 404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -smp 1,sockets=2,maxcpus=2 \ 405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=0 -numa node,nodeid=1 \ 406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=0 -numa cpu,node-id=1,socket-id=1 407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 40832a354dcSIgor Mammedov Legacy '\ ``mem``\ ' assigns a given RAM amount to a node (not supported 40932a354dcSIgor Mammedov for 5.1 and newer machine types). '\ ``memdev``\ ' assigns RAM from 41032a354dcSIgor Mammedov a given memory backend device to a node. If '\ ``mem``\ ' and 41132a354dcSIgor Mammedov '\ ``memdev``\ ' are omitted in all nodes, RAM is split equally between them. 41232a354dcSIgor Mammedov 413e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 414e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell '\ ``mem``\ ' and '\ ``memdev``\ ' are mutually exclusive. 415e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Furthermore, if one node uses '\ ``memdev``\ ', all of them have to 416e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell use it. 417e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 418e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell '\ ``initiator``\ ' is an additional option that points to an 419e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell initiator NUMA node that has best performance (the lowest latency or 420e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell largest bandwidth) to this NUMA node. Note that this option can be 421e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell set only when the machine property 'hmat' is set to 'on'. 422e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 423e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Following example creates a machine with 2 NUMA nodes, node 0 has 424e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell CPU. node 1 has only memory, and its initiator is node 0. Note that 425e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell because node 0 has CPU, by default the initiator of node 0 is itself 426e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and must be itself. 427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -machine hmat=on \ 431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -m 2G,slots=2,maxmem=4G \ 432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object memory-backend-ram,size=1G,id=m0 \ 433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object memory-backend-ram,size=1G,id=m1 \ 434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=0,memdev=m0 \ 435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=1,memdev=m1,initiator=0 \ 436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -smp 2,sockets=2,maxcpus=2 \ 437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=0 \ 438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=1 439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell source and destination are NUMA node IDs. distance is the NUMA 441e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell distance from source to destination. The distance from a node to 442e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell itself is always 10. If any pair of nodes is given a distance, then 443e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all pairs must be given distances. Although, when distances are only 444e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell given in one direction for each pair of nodes, then the distances in 445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the opposite directions are assumed to be the same. If, however, an 446e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell asymmetrical pair of distances is given for even one node pair, then 447e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all node pairs must be provided distance values for both directions, 448e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell even when they are symmetrical. When a node is unreachable from 449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell another node, set the pair's distance to 255. 450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that the -``numa`` option doesn't allocate any of the specified 452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell resources, it just assigns existing resources to NUMA nodes. This 453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell means that one still has to use the ``-m``, ``-smp`` options to 454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell allocate RAM and VCPUs respectively. 455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use '\ ``hmat-lb``\ ' to set System Locality Latency and Bandwidth 457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Information between initiator and target NUMA nodes in ACPI 458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Heterogeneous Attribute Memory Table (HMAT). Initiator NUMA node can 459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell create memory requests, usually it has one or more processors. 460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Target NUMA node contains addressable memory. 461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In '\ ``hmat-lb``\ ' option, node are NUMA node IDs. hierarchy is 463e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the memory hierarchy of the target NUMA node: if hierarchy is 464e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'memory', the structure represents the memory performance; if 465e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell hierarchy is 'first-level\|second-level\|third-level', this 466e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell structure represents aggregated performance of memory side caches 467e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for each domain. type of 'data-type' is type of data represented by 468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this structure instance: if 'hierarchy' is 'memory', 'data-type' is 469e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'access\|read\|write' latency or 'access\|read\|write' bandwidth of 470e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the target memory; if 'hierarchy' is 471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'first-level\|second-level\|third-level', 'data-type' is 472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'access\|read\|write' hit latency or 'access\|read\|write' hit 473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bandwidth of the target memory side cache. 474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell lat is latency value in nanoseconds. bw is bandwidth value, the 476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell possible value and units are NUM[M\|G\|T], mean that the bandwidth 477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell value are NUM byte per second (or MB/s, GB/s or TB/s depending on 478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell used suffix). Note that if latency or bandwidth value is 0, means 479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the corresponding latency or bandwidth information is not provided. 480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In '\ ``hmat-cache``\ ' option, node-id is the NUMA-id of the memory 482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell belongs. size is the size of memory side cache in bytes. level is 483e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the cache level described in this structure, note that the cache 484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell level 0 should not be used with '\ ``hmat-cache``\ ' option. 485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell associativity is the cache associativity, the possible value is 486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'none/direct(direct-mapped)/complex(complex cache indexing)'. policy 487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is the write policy. line is the cache Line size in bytes. 488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, the following options describe 2 NUMA nodes. Node 0 has 490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2 cpus and a ram, node 1 has only a ram. The processors in node 0 491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell access memory in node 0 with access-latency 5 nanoseconds, 492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell access-bandwidth is 200 MB/s; The processors in NUMA node 0 access 493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell memory in NUMA node 1 with access-latency 10 nanoseconds, 494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell access-bandwidth is 100 MB/s. And for memory side cache information, 495e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NUMA node 0 and 1 both have 1 level memory cache, size is 10KB, 496e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell policy is write-back, the cache Line size is 8 bytes: 497e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -machine hmat=on \ 501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -m 2G \ 502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object memory-backend-ram,size=1G,id=m0 \ 503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object memory-backend-ram,size=1G,id=m1 \ 504848dd269SYanan Wang -smp 2,sockets=2,maxcpus=2 \ 505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=0,memdev=m0 \ 506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,nodeid=1,memdev=m1,initiator=0 \ 507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=0 \ 508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=1 \ 509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-lb,initiator=0,target=0,hierarchy=memory,data-type=access-latency,latency=5 \ 510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-lb,initiator=0,target=0,hierarchy=memory,data-type=access-bandwidth,bandwidth=200M \ 511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-lb,initiator=0,target=1,hierarchy=memory,data-type=access-latency,latency=10 \ 512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-lb,initiator=0,target=1,hierarchy=memory,data-type=access-bandwidth,bandwidth=100M \ 513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-cache,node-id=0,size=10K,level=1,associativity=direct,policy=write-back,line=8 \ 514e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa hmat-cache,node-id=1,size=10K,level=1,associativity=direct,policy=write-back,line=8 515e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 516268a362cSaliguori 51710adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("add-fd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_add_fd, 51810adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]\n" 51910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " Add 'fd' to fd 'set'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 520e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]`` 522e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add a file descriptor to an fd set. Valid options are: 523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 524e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fd=fd`` 525e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines the file descriptor of which a duplicate is 526e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell added to fd set. The file descriptor cannot be stdin, stdout, or 527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell stderr. 528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 529e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``set=set`` 530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines the ID of the fd set to add the file 531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell descriptor to. 532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 533e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``opaque=opaque`` 534e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines a free-form string that can be used to 535e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell describe fd. 536e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 537e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd 538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell set: 539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 542353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| \\ 543353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" \\ 544353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" \\ 545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk 546e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 54710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 54810adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set, 54910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-set group.id.arg=value\n" 55010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n" 55110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 552e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-set group.id.arg=value`` 554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set parameter arg for item id of type group 555e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 55610adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 55710adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global, 5583751d7c4SPaolo Bonzini "-global driver.property=value\n" 5593751d7c4SPaolo Bonzini "-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value\n" 56010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " set a global default for a driver property\n", 56110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 562e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 56309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-global driver.prop=value`` 56409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 56509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value`` 566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set default value of driver's property prop to value, e.g.: 567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 569e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -global ide-hd.physical_block_size=4096 disk-image.img 571e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 572e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In particular, you can use this to set driver properties for devices 573e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which are created automatically by the machine model. To create a 574e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device which is not created automatically and set properties on it, 575e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell use -``device``. 576e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 577e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -global driver.prop=value is shorthand for -global 578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell driver=driver,property=prop,value=value. The longhand syntax works 579e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell even when driver contains a dot. 580e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 58110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 58210adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot, 58310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n" 584c8a6ae8bSAmos Kong " [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]\n" 58510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n" 58610adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " 'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on\n" 58710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " 'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms\n" 58810adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " 'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms\n", 58910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 590e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 591e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off][,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_timeout][,strict=on|off]`` 592e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify boot order drives as a string of drive letters. Valid drive 593e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell letters depend on the target architecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b 594e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p 595e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (Etherboot from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. 596e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To apply a particular boot order only on the first startup, specify 597e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it via ``once``. Note that the ``order`` or ``once`` parameter 598e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should not be used together with the ``bootindex`` property of 599e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell devices, since the firmware implementations normally do not support 600e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell both at the same time. 601e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 602e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via ``menu=on`` as far 603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot. 604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A splash picture could be passed to bios, enabling user to show it 606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as logo, when option splash=sp\_name is given and menu=on, If 607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell firmware/BIOS supports them. Currently Seabios for X86 system 608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell support it. limitation: The splash file could be a jpeg file or a 609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell BMP file in 24 BPP format(true color). The resolution should be 610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supported by the SVGA mode, so the recommended is 320x240, 640x480, 611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 800x640. 612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A timeout could be passed to bios, guest will pause for rb\_timeout 614e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ms when boot failed, then reboot. If rb\_timeout is '-1', guest will 615e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell not reboot, qemu passes '-1' to bios by default. Currently Seabios 616e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for X86 system support it. 617e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 618e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Do strict boot via ``strict=on`` as far as firmware/BIOS supports 619e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it. This only effects when boot priority is changed by bootindex 620e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options. The default is non-strict boot. 621e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 62209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 623e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 624e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # try to boot from network first, then from hard disk 625e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -boot order=nc 626e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot 627e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -boot once=d 628e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # boot with a splash picture for 5 seconds. 629e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000 630e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 631e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note: The legacy format '-boot drives' is still supported but its 632e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions. 633e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 63410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 63510adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m, 63689f3ea2bSMichael Tokarev "-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]\n" 6376e1d3c1cSIgor Mammedov " configure guest RAM\n" 6380daba1f0SAlexander Graf " size: initial amount of guest memory\n" 639c270fb9eSIgor Mammedov " slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)\n" 640b6fe0124SMatthew Rosato " maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)\n" 641b6fe0124SMatthew Rosato "NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity\n", 6426e1d3c1cSIgor Mammedov QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 643e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 644e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]`` 645e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets guest startup RAM size to megs megabytes. Default is 128 MiB. 646e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Optionally, a suffix of "M" or "G" can be used to signify a value in 647e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Optional pair slots, maxmem 648e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell could be used to set amount of hotpluggable memory slots and maximum 649e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell amount of memory. Note that maxmem must be aligned to the page size. 650e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 651e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, the following command-line sets the guest startup RAM 652e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell size to 1GB, creates 3 slots to hotplug additional memory and sets 653e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the maximum memory the guest can reach to 4GB: 654e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 655e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 656e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 657e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G 658e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 659e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If slots and maxmem are not specified, memory hotplug won't be 660e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell enabled and the guest startup RAM will never increase. 661e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 66210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 66310adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("mem-path", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mempath, 66410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 665e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 666e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-mem-path path`` 667e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in path. 668e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 66910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 67010adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("mem-prealloc", 0, QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc, 67110adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)\n", 67210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 673e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 674e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-mem-prealloc`` 675e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Preallocate memory when using -mem-path. 676e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 67710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 67810adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k, 67910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n", 68010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 681e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 682e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-k language`` 683e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use keyboard layout language (for example ``fr`` for French). This 684e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC keycodes 685e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC or curses 686e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or 687e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell PC/Windows hosts. 688e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 689e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The available layouts are: 690e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 691e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 692e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 693e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv 694e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th 695e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr 696e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 697e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The default is ``en-us``. 698e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 69910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 70010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 701f0b3d811SKővágó, ZoltánHXCOMM Deprecated by -audiodev 70210adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help, 703f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audio-help show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings\n", 70410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 705e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 706e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audio-help`` 707e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Will show the -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified 708e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (deprecated) environment variables. 709e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 710f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán 711039a6837SPaolo BonziniDEF("audio", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_audio, 712039a6837SPaolo Bonzini "-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 713039a6837SPaolo Bonzini " specifies the audio backend and device to use;\n" 714039a6837SPaolo Bonzini " apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.\n" 715039a6837SPaolo Bonzini " use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.\n", 716039a6837SPaolo Bonzini QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 717039a6837SPaolo BonziniSRST 718039a6837SPaolo Bonzini``-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 719039a6837SPaolo Bonzini This option is a shortcut for configuring both the guest audio 720039a6837SPaolo Bonzini hardware and the host audio backend in one go. 7215e03b6daSClaudio Fontana The driver option is the same as with the corresponding ``-audiodev`` option below. 7225e03b6daSClaudio Fontana The guest hardware model can be set with ``model=modelname``. 7235e03b6daSClaudio Fontana 7245e03b6daSClaudio Fontana Use ``driver=help`` to list the available drivers, 7255e03b6daSClaudio Fontana and ``model=help`` to list the available device types. 726039a6837SPaolo Bonzini 727039a6837SPaolo Bonzini The following two example do exactly the same, to show how ``-audio`` 728039a6837SPaolo Bonzini can be used to shorten the command line length: 729039a6837SPaolo Bonzini 730039a6837SPaolo Bonzini .. parsed-literal:: 731039a6837SPaolo Bonzini 732039a6837SPaolo Bonzini |qemu_system| -audiodev pa,id=pa -device sb16,audiodev=pa 733039a6837SPaolo Bonzini |qemu_system| -audio pa,model=sb16 734039a6837SPaolo BonziniERST 735039a6837SPaolo Bonzini 736f0b3d811SKővágó, ZoltánDEF("audiodev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_audiodev, 737f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 738f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " specifies the audio backend to use\n" 7395e03b6daSClaudio Fontana " Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers\n" 740f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " id= identifier of the backend\n" 741f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " timer-period= timer period in microseconds\n" 7428efac073SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU\n" 743f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio\n" 744f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings\n" 745f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings\n" 746f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings\n" 74749f77e6fSVolker Rümelin " valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32\n" 748f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.voices= number of voices to use\n" 7498624725bSStefan Hajnoczi " in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds\n" 750f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 751f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " dummy driver that discards all output\n" 752f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_ALSA 753f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 754f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use\n" 755dfc54343SStefan Hajnoczi " in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds\n" 756f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode\n" 757f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts\n" 758f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 759f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_COREAUDIO 760f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev coreaudio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 761f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers\n" 762f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 763f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_DSOUND 764f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev dsound,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 765f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " latency= add extra latency to playback in microseconds\n" 766f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 767f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_OSS 768f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 769f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use\n" 770f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers\n" 771f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode\n" 772f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " try-mmap= try using memory mapped access\n" 773f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " exclusive= open device in exclusive mode\n" 774f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode\n" 775f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 776f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_PA 777f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 778f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " server= PulseAudio server address\n" 779f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " in|out.name= source/sink device name\n" 78014d4f011SStefan Hajnoczi " in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds\n" 781f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 782f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_SDL 783f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 7845a0926c2SVolker Rümelin " in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers\n" 785f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 786663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_SNDIO 787663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov "-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 788663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov#endif 789f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#ifdef CONFIG_SPICE 790f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 791f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán#endif 792739362d4SMarc-André Lureau#ifdef CONFIG_DBUS_DISPLAY 793739362d4SMarc-André Lureau "-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 794739362d4SMarc-André Lureau#endif 795f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán "-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 796f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán " path= path of wav file to record\n", 797f0b3d811SKővágó, Zoltán QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 798e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 799e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 800e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Adds a new audio backend driver identified by id. There are global 801e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and driver specific properties. Some values can be set differently 802e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for input and output, they're marked with ``in|out.``. You can set 803e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the input's property with ``in.prop`` and the output's property with 804e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``out.prop``. For example: 805e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 806e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 807e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 808e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -audiodev alsa,id=example,in.frequency=44110,out.frequency=8000 809e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -audiodev alsa,id=example,out.channels=1 # leaves in.channels unspecified 810e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 811e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NOTE: parameter validation is known to be incomplete, in many cases 812e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specifying an invalid option causes QEMU to print an error message 813e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and continue emulation without sound. 814e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 815e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Valid global options are: 816e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 817e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=identifier`` 818e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Identifies the audio backend. 819e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 820e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``timer-period=period`` 821e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the timer period used by the audio subsystem in 822e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell microseconds. Default is 10000 (10 ms). 823e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 824e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.mixing-engine=on|off`` 825e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use QEMU's mixing engine to mix all streams inside QEMU and 826e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell convert audio formats when not supported by the backend. When 827e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell off, fixed-settings must be off too. Note that disabling this 828e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option means that the selected backend must support multiple 829e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell streams and the audio formats used by the virtual cards, 830e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell otherwise you'll get no sound. It's not recommended to disable 831e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this option unless you want to use 5.1 or 7.1 audio, as mixing 832e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell engine only supports mono and stereo audio. Default is on. 833e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 834e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.fixed-settings=on|off`` 835e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use fixed settings for host audio. When off, it will change 836e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell based on how the guest opens the sound card. In this case you 837e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must not specify frequency, channels or format. Default is on. 838e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 839e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.frequency=frequency`` 840e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the frequency to use when using fixed-settings. Default 841e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is 44100Hz. 842e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 843e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.channels=channels`` 844e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the number of channels to use when using fixed-settings. 845e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Default is 2 (stereo). 846e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 847e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.format=format`` 848e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the sample format to use when using fixed-settings. 849e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Valid values are: ``s8``, ``s16``, ``s32``, ``u8``, ``u16``, 85049f77e6fSVolker Rümelin ``u32``, ``f32``. Default is ``s16``. 851e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 852e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.voices=voices`` 853e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the number of voices to use. Default is 1. 854e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 855e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.buffer-length=usecs`` 856e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the size of the buffer in microseconds. 857e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 858e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev none,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 859e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a dummy backend that discards all outputs. This backend has 860e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell no backend specific properties. 861e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 862e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 863e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates backend using the ALSA. This backend is only available on 864e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Linux. 865e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 866e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ALSA specific options are: 867e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 868e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.dev=device`` 869e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the ALSA device to use for input and/or output. Default 870e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is ``default``. 871e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 872e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.period-length=usecs`` 873e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the period length in microseconds. 874e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 875e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.try-poll=on|off`` 876e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Attempt to use poll mode with the device. Default is on. 877e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 878e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``threshold=threshold`` 879e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts. Default is 0. 880e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 881e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev coreaudio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 882e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using Apple's Core Audio. This backend is only 883e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell available on Mac OS and only supports playback. 884e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 885e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Core Audio specific options are: 886e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 887e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.buffer-count=count`` 888e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the count of the buffers. 889e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 890e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev dsound,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 891e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using Microsoft's DirectSound. This backend is 892e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell only available on Windows and only supports playback. 893e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 894e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell DirectSound specific options are: 895e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 896e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``latency=usecs`` 897e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add extra usecs microseconds latency to playback. Default is 898e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 10000 (10 ms). 899e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 900e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 901e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using OSS. This backend is available on most 902e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Unix-like systems. 903e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 904e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell OSS specific options are: 905e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 906e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.dev=device`` 907e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the file name of the OSS device to use. Default is 908e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/dev/dsp``. 909e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 910e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.buffer-count=count`` 911e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the count of the buffers. 912e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 913e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.try-poll=on|of`` 914e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Attempt to use poll mode with the device. Default is on. 915e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 916e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``try-mmap=on|off`` 917e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Try using memory mapped device access. Default is off. 918e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 919e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``exclusive=on|off`` 920e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Open the device in exclusive mode (vmix won't work in this 921e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell case). Default is off. 922e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 923e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dsp-policy=policy`` 924e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the timing policy (between 0 and 10, where smaller number 925e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell means smaller latency but higher CPU usage). Use -1 to use 926e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell buffer sizes specified by ``buffer`` and ``buffer-count``. This 927e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option is ignored if you do not have OSS 4. Default is 5. 928e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 929e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 930e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using PulseAudio. This backend is available on 931e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell most systems. 932e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 933e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell PulseAudio specific options are: 934e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 935e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``server=server`` 936e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the PulseAudio server to connect to. 937e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 938e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.name=sink`` 939e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use the specified source/sink for recording/playback. 940e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 941e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``in|out.latency=usecs`` 942e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Desired latency in microseconds. The PulseAudio server will try 943e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to honor this value but actual latencies may be lower or higher. 944e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 945e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 946e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend using SDL. This backend is available on most 947e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell systems, but you should use your platform's native backend if 9485a0926c2SVolker Rümelin possible. 9495a0926c2SVolker Rümelin 9505a0926c2SVolker Rümelin SDL specific options are: 9515a0926c2SVolker Rümelin 9525a0926c2SVolker Rümelin ``in|out.buffer-count=count`` 9535a0926c2SVolker Rümelin Sets the count of the buffers. 954e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 955663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov``-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 956663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov Creates a backend using SNDIO. This backend is available on 957663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov OpenBSD and most other Unix-like systems. 958663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov 959663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov Sndio specific options are: 960663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov 961663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov ``in|out.dev=device`` 962663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov Specify the sndio device to use for input and/or output. Default 963663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov is ``default``. 964663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov 965663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov ``in|out.latency=usecs`` 966663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov Sets the desired period length in microseconds. 967663df1ccSAlexandre Ratchov 968e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 969e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend that sends audio through SPICE. This backend 970e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell requires ``-spice`` and automatically selected in that case, so 971e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usually you can ignore this option. This backend has no backend 972e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specific properties. 973e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 974e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 975e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a backend that writes audio to a WAV file. 976e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 977e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Backend specific options are: 978e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 979e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path=path`` 980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Write recorded audio into the specified file. Default is 981e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``qemu.wav``. 982e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 98310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 98410adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device, 98510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 98610adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " add device (based on driver)\n" 98710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " prop=value,... sets driver properties\n" 98810adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " use '-device help' to print all possible drivers\n" 98910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties\n", 99010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 991e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 992e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 993e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add device driver. prop=value sets driver properties. Valid 994e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell properties depend on the driver. To get help on possible drivers and 995e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell properties, use ``-device help`` and ``-device driver,help``. 996e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 997e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Some drivers are: 998e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 999789101b7SCorey Minyard``-device ipmi-bmc-sim,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]`` 1000e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add an IPMI BMC. This is a simulation of a hardware management 1001e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interface processor that normally sits on a system. It provides a 1002e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell watchdog and the ability to reset and power control the system. You 1003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell need to connect this to an IPMI interface to make it useful 1004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The IPMI slave address to use for the BMC. The default is 0x20. This 1006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell address is the BMC's address on the I2C network of management 1007e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell controllers. If you don't know what this means, it is safe to ignore 1008e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it. 1009e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=id`` 1011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The BMC id for interfaces to use this device. 1012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``slave_addr=val`` 1014e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define slave address to use for the BMC. The default is 0x20. 1015e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1016e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sdrfile=file`` 1017e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file containing raw Sensor Data Records (SDR) data. The default 1018e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is none. 1019e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1020e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fruareasize=val`` 1021e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell size of a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) area. The default is 1022e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1024. 1023e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1024e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``frudatafile=file`` 1025e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file containing raw Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) inventory data. 1026e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The default is none. 1027e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1028e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``guid=uuid`` 1029e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell value for the GUID for the BMC, in standard UUID format. If this 1030e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is set, get "Get GUID" command to the BMC will return it. 1031e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Otherwise "Get GUID" will return an error. 1032e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1033e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device ipmi-bmc-extern,id=id,chardev=id[,slave_addr=val]`` 1034e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add a connection to an external IPMI BMC simulator. Instead of 1035e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell locally emulating the BMC like the above item, instead connect to an 1036e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell external entity that provides the IPMI services. 1037e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1038e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A connection is made to an external BMC simulator. If you do this, 1039e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it is strongly recommended that you use the "reconnect=" chardev 1040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option to reconnect to the simulator if the connection is lost. Note 1041e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that if this is not used carefully, it can be a security issue, as 1042e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the interface has the ability to send resets, NMIs, and power off 1043e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the VM. It's best if QEMU makes a connection to an external 1044e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell simulator running on a secure port on localhost, so neither the 1045e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell simulator nor QEMU is exposed to any outside network. 1046e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1047e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell See the "lanserv/README.vm" file in the OpenIPMI library for more 1048e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell details on the external interface. 1049e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1050e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device isa-ipmi-kcs,bmc=id[,ioport=val][,irq=val]`` 10511e458f11SStefan Weil Add a KCS IPMI interface on the ISA bus. This also adds a 1052e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell corresponding ACPI and SMBIOS entries, if appropriate. 1053e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1054e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bmc=id`` 1055e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The BMC to connect to, one of ipmi-bmc-sim or ipmi-bmc-extern 1056e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell above. 1057e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1058e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ioport=val`` 1059e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define the I/O address of the interface. The default is 0xca0 1060e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for KCS. 1061e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1062e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``irq=val`` 1063e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define the interrupt to use. The default is 5. To disable 1064e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interrupts, set this to 0. 1065e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1066e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device isa-ipmi-bt,bmc=id[,ioport=val][,irq=val]`` 1067e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Like the KCS interface, but defines a BT interface. The default port 1068e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is 0xe4 and the default interrupt is 5. 1069323679daSCorey Minyard 1070323679daSCorey Minyard``-device pci-ipmi-kcs,bmc=id`` 10711e458f11SStefan Weil Add a KCS IPMI interface on the PCI bus. 1072323679daSCorey Minyard 1073323679daSCorey Minyard ``bmc=id`` 1074323679daSCorey Minyard The BMC to connect to, one of ipmi-bmc-sim or ipmi-bmc-extern above. 1075323679daSCorey Minyard 1076323679daSCorey Minyard``-device pci-ipmi-bt,bmc=id`` 1077323679daSCorey Minyard Like the KCS interface, but defines a BT interface on the PCI bus. 10787395b3e3SPeter Xu 10797395b3e3SPeter Xu``-device intel-iommu[,option=...]`` 10807395b3e3SPeter Xu This is only supported by ``-machine q35``, which will enable Intel VT-d 10817395b3e3SPeter Xu emulation within the guest. It supports below options: 10827395b3e3SPeter Xu 10837395b3e3SPeter Xu ``intremap=on|off`` (default: auto) 10847395b3e3SPeter Xu This enables interrupt remapping feature. It's required to enable 10857395b3e3SPeter Xu complete x2apic. Currently it only supports kvm kernel-irqchip modes 10867395b3e3SPeter Xu ``off`` or ``split``, while full kernel-irqchip is not yet supported. 10877395b3e3SPeter Xu The default value is "auto", which will be decided by the mode of 10887395b3e3SPeter Xu kernel-irqchip. 10897395b3e3SPeter Xu 10907395b3e3SPeter Xu ``caching-mode=on|off`` (default: off) 10917395b3e3SPeter Xu This enables caching mode for the VT-d emulated device. When 10927395b3e3SPeter Xu caching-mode is enabled, each guest DMA buffer mapping will generate an 10937395b3e3SPeter Xu IOTLB invalidation from the guest IOMMU driver to the vIOMMU device in 10947395b3e3SPeter Xu a synchronous way. It is required for ``-device vfio-pci`` to work 10957395b3e3SPeter Xu with the VT-d device, because host assigned devices requires to setup 10967395b3e3SPeter Xu the DMA mapping on the host before guest DMA starts. 10977395b3e3SPeter Xu 10987395b3e3SPeter Xu ``device-iotlb=on|off`` (default: off) 10997395b3e3SPeter Xu This enables device-iotlb capability for the emulated VT-d device. So 11007395b3e3SPeter Xu far virtio/vhost should be the only real user for this parameter, 11017395b3e3SPeter Xu paired with ats=on configured for the device. 11027395b3e3SPeter Xu 11037395b3e3SPeter Xu ``aw-bits=39|48`` (default: 39) 11047395b3e3SPeter Xu This decides the address width of IOVA address space. The address 11057395b3e3SPeter Xu space has 39 bits width for 3-level IOMMU page tables, and 48 bits for 11067395b3e3SPeter Xu 4-level IOMMU page tables. 11077395b3e3SPeter Xu 11087395b3e3SPeter Xu Please also refer to the wiki page for general scenarios of VT-d 11097395b3e3SPeter Xu emulation in QEMU: https://wiki.qemu.org/Features/VT-d. 11107395b3e3SPeter Xu 1111e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 111210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 111310adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name, 11148f480de0SDr. David Alan Gilbert "-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]\n" 111510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " set the name of the guest\n" 1116479a5747SRoman Bolshakov " string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name\n" 1117479a5747SRoman Bolshakov " When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name\n" 11188f480de0SDr. David Alan Gilbert " NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.\n", 111910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1120e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1121e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-name name`` 1122e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sets the name of the guest. This name will be displayed in the SDL 1123e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell window caption. The name will also be used for the VNC server. Also 1124e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell optionally set the top visible process name in Linux. Naming of 1125e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell individual threads can also be enabled on Linux to aid debugging. 1126e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 112710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 112810adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid, 112910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n" 113010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster " specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1131e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1132e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-uuid uuid`` 1133e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set system UUID. 1134e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 113510adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 113610adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING() 113710adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 1138de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Block device options:) 113910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 11405af2b0f6SAlex BennéeSRST 11415af2b0f6SAlex BennéeThe QEMU block device handling options have a long history and 11425af2b0f6SAlex Bennéehave gone through several iterations as the feature set and complexity 11435af2b0f6SAlex Bennéeof the block layer have grown. Many online guides to QEMU often 11445af2b0f6SAlex Bennéereference older and deprecated options, which can lead to confusion. 11455af2b0f6SAlex Bennée 11465af2b0f6SAlex BennéeThe recommended modern way to describe disks is to use a combination of 11475af2b0f6SAlex Bennée``-device`` to specify the hardware device and ``-blockdev`` to 11485af2b0f6SAlex Bennéedescribe the backend. The device defines what the guest sees and the 11495af2b0f6SAlex Bennéebackend describes how QEMU handles the data. 11505af2b0f6SAlex Bennée 11515af2b0f6SAlex BennéeERST 11525af2b0f6SAlex Bennée 11535824d651Sblueswir1DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda, 1154ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1155ad96090aSBlue SwirlDEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1156e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 115709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-fda file`` 115809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 115909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-fdb file`` 1160923e9311SThomas Huth Use file as floppy disk 0/1 image (see the :ref:`disk images` chapter in 1161923e9311SThomas Huth the System Emulation Users Guide). 1162e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 11635824d651Sblueswir1 11645824d651Sblueswir1DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda, 1165ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1166ad96090aSBlue SwirlDEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 11675824d651Sblueswir1DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc, 1168ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1169ad96090aSBlue SwirlDEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1170e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 117109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-hda file`` 117209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 117309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-hdb file`` 117409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 117509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-hdc file`` 117609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 117709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-hdd file`` 1178923e9311SThomas Huth Use file as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (see the :ref:`disk images` 1179923e9311SThomas Huth chapter in the System Emulation Users Guide). 1180e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 11815824d651Sblueswir1 11825824d651Sblueswir1DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom, 1183ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n", 1184ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1185e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1186e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-cdrom file`` 1187e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as CD-ROM image (you cannot use ``-hdc`` and ``-cdrom`` at 1188e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by using ``/dev/cdrom`` 1189e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as filename. 1190e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 11915824d651Sblueswir1 119242e5f393SMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("blockdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_blockdev, 119342e5f393SMarkus Armbruster "-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]\n" 119442e5f393SMarkus Armbruster " [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]\n" 1195c9b749d7SKevin Wolf " [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]\n" 1196c9b749d7SKevin Wolf " [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]\n" 119742e5f393SMarkus Armbruster " [,driver specific parameters...]\n" 119842e5f393SMarkus Armbruster " configure a block backend\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1199e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-blockdev option[,option[,option[,...]]]`` 1201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define a new block driver node. Some of the options apply to all 1202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell block drivers, other options are only accepted for a specific block 1203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell driver. See below for a list of generic options and options for the 1204e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell most common block drivers. 1205e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Options that expect a reference to another node (e.g. ``file``) can 1207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be given in two ways. Either you specify the node name of an already 1208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell existing node (file=node-name), or you define a new node inline, 1209e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell adding options for the referenced node after a dot 1210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (file.filename=path,file.aio=native). 1211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A block driver node created with ``-blockdev`` can be used for a 1213e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest device by specifying its node name for the ``drive`` property 1214e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell in a ``-device`` argument that defines a block device. 1215e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1216e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Valid options for any block driver node:`` 1217e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``driver`` 1218e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the block driver to use for the given node. 1219e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1220e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``node-name`` 1221e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This defines the name of the block driver node by which it 1222e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will be referenced later. The name must be unique, i.e. it 1223e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must not match the name of a different block driver node, or 1224e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (if you use ``-drive`` as well) the ID of a drive. 1225e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1226e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If no node name is specified, it is automatically generated. 1227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The generated node name is not intended to be predictable 1228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and changes between QEMU invocations. For the top level, an 1229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell explicit node name must be specified. 1230e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1231e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``read-only`` 1232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Open the node read-only. Guest write attempts will fail. 1233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1234e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that some block drivers support only read-only access, 1235e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell either generally or in certain configurations. In this case, 1236e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the default value ``read-only=off`` does not work and the 1237e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option must be specified explicitly. 1238e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1239e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``auto-read-only`` 1240e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If ``auto-read-only=on`` is set, QEMU may fall back to 1241e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell read-only usage even when ``read-only=off`` is requested, or 1242e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell even switch between modes as needed, e.g. depending on 1243e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell whether the image file is writable or whether a writing user 1244e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is attached to the node. 1245e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1246e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``force-share`` 1247e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Override the image locking system of QEMU by forcing the 1248e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell node to utilize weaker shared access for permissions where 1249e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it would normally request exclusive access. When there is 1250e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the potential for multiple instances to have the same file 1251e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell open (whether this invocation of QEMU is the first or the 1252e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell second instance), both instances must permit shared access 1253e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for the second instance to succeed at opening the file. 1254e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enabling ``force-share=on`` requires ``read-only=on``. 1256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1257e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache.direct`` 1258e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The host page cache can be avoided with ``cache.direct=on``. 1259e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This will attempt to do disk IO directly to the guest's 1260e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell memory. QEMU may still perform an internal copy of the data. 1261e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1262e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache.no-flush`` 1263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In case you don't care about data integrity over host 1264e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell failures, you can use ``cache.no-flush=on``. This option 1265e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell tells QEMU that it never needs to write any data to the disk 1266e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell but can instead keep things in cache. If anything goes 1267e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell wrong, like your host losing power, the disk storage getting 1268e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell disconnected accidentally, etc. your image will most 1269e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell probably be rendered unusable. 1270e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1271e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``discard=discard`` 1272e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell discard is one of "ignore" (or "off") or "unmap" (or "on") 1273e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and controls whether ``discard`` (also known as ``trim`` or 1274e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``unmap``) requests are ignored or passed to the filesystem. 1275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Some machine types may not support discard requests. 1276e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1277e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``detect-zeroes=detect-zeroes`` 1278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell detect-zeroes is "off", "on" or "unmap" and enables the 1279e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell automatic conversion of plain zero writes by the OS to 1280e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell driver specific optimized zero write commands. You may even 1281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell choose "unmap" if discard is set to "unmap" to allow a zero 1282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell write to be converted to an ``unmap`` operation. 1283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1284e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Driver-specific options for file`` 1285e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is the protocol-level block driver for accessing regular 1286e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell files. 1287e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1288e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``filename`` 1289e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The path to the image file in the local filesystem 1290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1291e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``aio`` 1292ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella Specifies the AIO backend (threads/native/io_uring, 1293ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella default: threads) 1294e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1295e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``locking`` 1296e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies whether the image file is protected with Linux OFD 1297e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell / POSIX locks. The default is to use the Linux Open File 1298e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Descriptor API if available, otherwise no lock is applied. 1299e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (auto/on/off, default: auto) 1300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 1302e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1303e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1304e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1305e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=file,node-name=disk,filename=disk.img 1306e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1307e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Driver-specific options for raw`` 1308e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is the image format block driver for raw images. It is 1309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usually stacked on top of a protocol level block driver such as 1310e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file``. 1311e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1312e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file`` 1313e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Reference to or definition of the data source block driver 1314e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell node (e.g. a ``file`` driver node) 1315e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1316e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example 1: 1317e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1318e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1319e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1320e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=file,node-name=disk_file,filename=disk.img 1321e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=disk,file=disk_file 1322e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1323e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example 2: 1324e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1325e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=disk,file.driver=file,file.filename=disk.img 1328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Driver-specific options for qcow2`` 1330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is the image format block driver for qcow2 images. It is 1331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usually stacked on top of a protocol level block driver such as 1332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file``. 1333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1334e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file`` 1335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Reference to or definition of the data source block driver 1336e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell node (e.g. a ``file`` driver node) 1337e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``backing`` 1339e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Reference to or definition of the backing file block device 1340e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default is taken from the image file). It is allowed to 1341e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pass ``null`` here in order to disable the default backing 1342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file. 1343e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1344e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``lazy-refcounts`` 1345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Whether to enable the lazy refcounts feature (on/off; 1346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default is taken from the image file) 1347e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache-size`` 1349e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The maximum total size of the L2 table and refcount block 1350e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell caches in bytes (default: the sum of l2-cache-size and 1351e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell refcount-cache-size) 1352e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1353e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``l2-cache-size`` 1354e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The maximum size of the L2 table cache in bytes (default: if 1355e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell cache-size is not specified - 32M on Linux platforms, and 8M 1356e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on non-Linux platforms; otherwise, as large as possible 1357e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell within the cache-size, while permitting the requested or the 1358e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell minimal refcount cache size) 1359e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1360e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``refcount-cache-size`` 1361e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The maximum size of the refcount block cache in bytes 1362e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default: 4 times the cluster size; or if cache-size is 1363e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, the part of it which is not used for the L2 1364e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell cache) 1365e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1366e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache-clean-interval`` 1367e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Clean unused entries in the L2 and refcount caches. The 1368e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interval is in seconds. The default value is 600 on 1369e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supporting platforms, and 0 on other platforms. Setting it 1370e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to 0 disables this feature. 1371e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1372e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pass-discard-request`` 1373e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Whether discard requests to the qcow2 device should be 1374e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell forwarded to the data source (on/off; default: on if 1375e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell discard=unmap is specified, off otherwise) 1376e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1377e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pass-discard-snapshot`` 1378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Whether discard requests for the data source should be 1379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell issued when a snapshot operation (e.g. deleting a snapshot) 1380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell frees clusters in the qcow2 file (on/off; default: on) 1381e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1382e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pass-discard-other`` 1383e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Whether discard requests for the data source should be 1384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell issued on other occasions where a cluster gets freed 1385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (on/off; default: off) 1386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``overlap-check`` 1388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Which overlap checks to perform for writes to the image 1389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (none/constant/cached/all; default: cached). For details or 1390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell finer granularity control refer to the QAPI documentation of 1391e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``blockdev-add``. 1392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example 1: 1394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=file,node-name=my_file,filename=/tmp/disk.qcow2 1398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=qcow2,node-name=hda,file=my_file,overlap-check=none,cache-size=16777216 1399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1400e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example 2: 1401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1402e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 1403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -blockdev driver=qcow2,node-name=disk,file.driver=http,file.filename=http://example.com/image.qcow2 1405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Driver-specific options for other drivers`` 1407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Please refer to the QAPI documentation of the ``blockdev-add`` 1408e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QMP command. 1409e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 141042e5f393SMarkus Armbruster 14115824d651Sblueswir1DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive, 14125824d651Sblueswir1 "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n" 141392196b2fSStefan Hajnoczi " [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]\n" 1414572023f7SKevin Wolf " [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]\n" 1415ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella " [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]\n" 1416ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella " [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]\n" 1417fb0490f6SStefan Hajnoczi " [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]\n" 14182f7133b2SPeter Lieven " [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]\n" 14193e9fab69SBenoît Canet " [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]\n" 14203e9fab69SBenoît Canet " [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]\n" 14213e9fab69SBenoît Canet " [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]\n" 14223e9fab69SBenoît Canet " [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]\n" 14232024c1dfSBenoît Canet " [[,iops_size=is]]\n" 142476f4afb4SAlberto Garcia " [[,group=g]]\n" 1425ad96090aSBlue Swirl " use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1426e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-drive option[,option[,option[,...]]]`` 1428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define a new drive. This includes creating a block driver node (the 1429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell backend) as well as a guest device, and is mostly a shortcut for 1430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell defining the corresponding ``-blockdev`` and ``-device`` options. 1431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-drive`` accepts all options that are accepted by ``-blockdev``. 1433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In addition, it knows the following options: 1434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file=file`` 1436923e9311SThomas Huth This option defines which disk image (see the :ref:`disk images` 1437923e9311SThomas Huth chapter in the System Emulation Users Guide) to use with this drive. 1438923e9311SThomas Huth If the filename contains comma, you must double it (for instance, 1439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file"). 1440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1441e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Special files such as iSCSI devices can be specified using 1442e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell protocol specific URLs. See the section for "Device URL Syntax" 1443e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for more information. 1444e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``if=interface`` 1446e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines on which type on interface the drive is 1447e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connected. Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, 1448e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pflash, virtio, none. 1449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bus=bus,unit=unit`` 1451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell These options define where is connected the drive by defining 1452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the bus number and the unit id. 1453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``index=index`` 145535aab303SLaurent Vivier This option defines where the drive is connected by using an 1456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell index in the list of available connectors of a given interface 1457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell type. 1458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``media=media`` 1460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom. 1461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``snapshot=snapshot`` 1463e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell snapshot is "on" or "off" and controls snapshot mode for the 1464e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell given drive (see ``-snapshot``). 1465e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1466e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cache=cache`` 1467e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell cache is "none", "writeback", "unsafe", "directsync" or 1468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access 1469e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell block data. This is a shortcut that sets the ``cache.direct`` 1470e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and ``cache.no-flush`` options (as in ``-blockdev``), and 1471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell additionally ``cache.writeback``, which provides a default for 1472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the ``write-cache`` option of block guest devices (as in 1473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-device``). The modes correspond to the following settings: 1474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 147509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell ============= =============== ============ ============== 147609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ cache.writeback cache.direct cache.no-flush 147709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell ============= =============== ============ ============== 147809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell writeback on off off 147909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell none on on off 148009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell writethrough off off off 148109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell directsync off on off 148209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell unsafe on off on 148309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell ============= =============== ============ ============== 1484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The default mode is ``cache=writeback``. 1486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``aio=aio`` 1488ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella aio is "threads", "native", or "io_uring" and selects between pthread 1489ad1e691dSStefano Garzarella based disk I/O, native Linux AIO, or Linux io_uring API. 1490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``format=format`` 1492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify which disk format will be used rather than detecting the 1493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell format. Can be used to specify format=raw to avoid interpreting 1494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell an untrusted format header. 1495e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1496e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``werror=action,rerror=action`` 1497e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify which action to take on write and read errors. Valid 1498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell actions are: "ignore" (ignore the error and try to continue), 1499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "stop" (pause QEMU), "report" (report the error to the guest), 1500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "enospc" (pause QEMU only if the host disk is full; report the 1501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell error to the guest otherwise). The default setting is 1502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``werror=enospc`` and ``rerror=report``. 1503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1504e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``copy-on-read=copy-on-read`` 1505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell copy-on-read is "on" or "off" and enables whether to copy read 1506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell backing file sectors into the image file. 1507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bps=b,bps_rd=r,bps_wr=w`` 1509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bandwidth throttling limits in bytes per second, either 1510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for all request types or for reads or writes only. Small values 1511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can lead to timeouts or hangs inside the guest. A safe minimum 1512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for disks is 2 MB/s. 1513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1514e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bps_max=bm,bps_rd_max=rm,bps_wr_max=wm`` 1515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bursts in bytes per second, either for all request types 1516e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or for reads or writes only. Bursts allow the guest I/O to spike 1517e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell above the limit temporarily. 1518e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1519e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``iops=i,iops_rd=r,iops_wr=w`` 1520e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify request rate limits in requests per second, either for 1521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all request types or for reads or writes only. 1522e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``iops_max=bm,iops_rd_max=rm,iops_wr_max=wm`` 1524e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bursts in requests per second, either for all request 1525e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell types or for reads or writes only. Bursts allow the guest I/O to 1526e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell spike above the limit temporarily. 1527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``iops_size=is`` 1529e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Let every is bytes of a request count as a new request for iops 1530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell throttling purposes. Use this option to prevent guests from 1531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell circumventing iops limits by sending fewer but larger requests. 1532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1533e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``group=g`` 1534e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Join a throttling quota group with given name g. All drives that 1535e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are members of the same group are accounted for together. Use 1536e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this option to prevent guests from circumventing throttling 1537e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell limits by using many small disks instead of a single larger 1538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell disk. 1539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell By default, the ``cache.writeback=on`` mode is used. It will report 1541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data writes as completed as soon as the data is present in the host 1542e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell page cache. This is safe as long as your guest OS makes sure to 1543e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell correctly flush disk caches where needed. If your guest OS does not 1544e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell handle volatile disk write caches correctly and your host crashes or 1545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell loses power, then the guest may experience data corruption. 1546e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For such guests, you should consider using ``cache.writeback=off``. 1548e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This means that the host page cache will be used to read and write 1549e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data, but write notification will be sent to the guest only after 1550e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU has made sure to flush each write to the disk. Be aware that 1551e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this has a major impact on performance. 1552e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When using the ``-snapshot`` option, unsafe caching is always used. 1554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Copy-on-read avoids accessing the same backing file sectors 1556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell repeatedly and is useful when the backing file is over a slow 1557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network. By default copy-on-read is off. 1558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Instead of ``-cdrom`` you can use: 1560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom 1564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1565e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Instead of ``-hda``, ``-hdb``, ``-hdc``, ``-hdd``, you can use: 1566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1569e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk 1570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk 1571e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk 1572e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk 1573e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1574e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd 1575e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell set: 1576e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1577e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1579353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| \\ 1580353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" \\ 1581353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" \\ 1582e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk 1583e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0: 1585e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1588e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom 1589e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1590e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty 1591e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell drive: 1592e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1593e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1594e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1595e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom 1596e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1597e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Instead of ``-fda``, ``-fdb``, you can use: 1598e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1599e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1600e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1601e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy 1602e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy 1603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell By default, interface is "ide" and index is automatically 1605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell incremented: 1606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -drive file=a -drive file=b" 1610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is interpreted like: 1612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 1614e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1615e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system_x86| -hda a -hdb b 1616e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 16175824d651Sblueswir1 16185824d651Sblueswir1DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock, 1619ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n", 1620ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1621e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1622e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-mtdblock file`` 1623e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as on-board Flash memory image. 1624e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 16255824d651Sblueswir1 16265824d651Sblueswir1DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd, 1627ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1628e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1629e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-sd file`` 1630e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as SecureDigital card image. 1631e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 16325824d651Sblueswir1 16335824d651Sblueswir1DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot, 1634ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n", 1635ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1636e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1637e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-snapshot`` 1638e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, 1639e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however 1640923e9311SThomas Huth force the write back by pressing C-a s (see the :ref:`disk images` 1641923e9311SThomas Huth chapter in the System Emulation Users Guide). 1642e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 16435824d651Sblueswir1 164474db920cSGautham R ShenoyDEF("fsdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fsdev, 1645b44a6b09SGreg Kurz "-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none\n" 1646991c180dSPaolo Bonzini " [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]\n" 1647b8bbdb88SPradeep Jagadeesh " [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]\n" 1648b8bbdb88SPradeep Jagadeesh " [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]\n" 1649b8bbdb88SPradeep Jagadeesh " [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]\n" 1650b8bbdb88SPradeep Jagadeesh " [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]\n" 1651b44a6b09SGreg Kurz " [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]\n" 1652991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]\n" 1653991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]\n" 1654b44a6b09SGreg Kurz "-fsdev synth,id=id\n", 165574db920cSGautham R Shenoy QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 165674db920cSGautham R Shenoy 1657e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1658991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=security_model [,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode] [,throttling.option=value[,throttling.option=value[,...]]]`` 165909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1660991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on]`` 166109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1662991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on]`` 166309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1664991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-fsdev synth,id=id[,readonly=on]`` 1665e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Define a new file system device. Valid options are: 1666e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1667e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``local`` 1668e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accesses to the filesystem are done by QEMU. 1669e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1670e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``proxy`` 1671e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accesses to the filesystem are done by virtfs-proxy-helper(1). 1672e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1673e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``synth`` 1674e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Synthetic filesystem, only used by QTests. 1675e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1676e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=id`` 1677e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies identifier for this device. 1678e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1679e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path=path`` 1680e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files 1681e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell under this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest. 1682e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1683e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``security_model=security_model`` 1684e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the security model to be used for this export path. 1685e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", 1686e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file" and "none". In "passthrough" security model, files 1687e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are stored using the same credentials as they are created on the 1688e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. This requires QEMU to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" 1689e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model, some of the file attributes like uid, gid, mode 1690e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bits and link target are stored as file attributes. For 1691e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the hidden 1692e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .virtfs\_metadata directory. Directories exported by this 1693e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model cannot interact with other unix tools. "none" 1694e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model is same as passthrough except the sever won't 1695e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell report failures if it fails to set file attributes like 1696e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ownership. Security model is mandatory only for local fsdriver. 1697e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Other fsdrivers (like proxy) don't take security model as a 1698e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter. 1699e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1700e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``writeout=writeout`` 1701e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is an optional argument. The only supported value is 1702e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "immediate". This means that host page cache will be used to 1703e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell read and write data but write notification will be sent to the 1704e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest only when the data has been reported as written by the 1705e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell storage subsystem. 1706e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1707991c180dSPaolo Bonzini ``readonly=on`` 1708e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By 1709e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default read-write access is given. 1710e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1711e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``socket=socket`` 1712e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for 1713e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper(1). 1714e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1715e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sock_fd=sock_fd`` 1716e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket descriptor 1717e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper(1). Usually a helper 1718e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell like libvirt will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as 1719e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sock\_fd. 1720e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1721e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fmode=fmode`` 1722e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the default mode for newly created files on the host. 1723e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Works only with security models "mapped-xattr" and 1724e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file". 1725e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1726e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dmode=dmode`` 1727e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the default mode for newly created directories on the 1728e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host. Works only with security models "mapped-xattr" and 1729e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file". 1730e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1731e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.bps-total=b,throttling.bps-read=r,throttling.bps-write=w`` 1732e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bandwidth throttling limits in bytes per second, either 1733e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for all request types or for reads or writes only. 1734e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1735e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.bps-total-max=bm,bps-read-max=rm,bps-write-max=wm`` 1736e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bursts in bytes per second, either for all request types 1737e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or for reads or writes only. Bursts allow the guest I/O to spike 1738e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell above the limit temporarily. 1739e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1740e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.iops-total=i,throttling.iops-read=r, throttling.iops-write=w`` 1741e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify request rate limits in requests per second, either for 1742e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all request types or for reads or writes only. 1743e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1744e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.iops-total-max=im,throttling.iops-read-max=irm, throttling.iops-write-max=iwm`` 1745e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify bursts in requests per second, either for all request 1746e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell types or for reads or writes only. Bursts allow the guest I/O to 1747e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell spike above the limit temporarily. 1748e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1749e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``throttling.iops-size=is`` 1750e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Let every is bytes of a request count as a new request for iops 1751e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell throttling purposes. 1752e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1753e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -fsdev option is used along with -device driver "virtio-9p-...". 1754e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1755e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-device virtio-9p-type,fsdev=id,mount_tag=mount_tag`` 1756e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Options for virtio-9p-... driver are: 1757e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1758e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``type`` 1759e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the variant to be used. Supported values are "pci", 1760e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "ccw" or "device", depending on the machine type. 1761e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1762e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fsdev=id`` 1763e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the id value specified along with -fsdev option. 1764e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1765e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mount_tag=mount_tag`` 1766e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the tag name to be used by the guest to mount this 1767e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export point. 1768e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 176974db920cSGautham R Shenoy 17703d54abc7SGautham R ShenoyDEF("virtfs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs, 1771b44a6b09SGreg Kurz "-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none\n" 1772991c180dSPaolo Bonzini " [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]\n" 1773991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]\n" 1774991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]\n" 1775991c180dSPaolo Bonzini "-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]\n", 17763d54abc7SGautham R Shenoy QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 17773d54abc7SGautham R Shenoy 1778e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1779991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=mount_tag ,security_model=security_model[,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on] [,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=multidevs]`` 178009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1781991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-virtfs proxy,socket=socket,mount_tag=mount_tag [,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on]`` 178209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 1783991c180dSPaolo Bonzini``-virtfs proxy,sock_fd=sock_fd,mount_tag=mount_tag [,writeout=writeout][,readonly=on]`` 178409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 178509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-virtfs synth,mount_tag=mount_tag`` 178665abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck Define a new virtual filesystem device and expose it to the guest using 178765abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck a virtio-9p-device (a.k.a. 9pfs), which essentially means that a certain 178865abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck directory on host is made directly accessible by guest as a pass-through 178965abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck file system by using the 9P network protocol for communication between 179065abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck host and guests, if desired even accessible, shared by several guests 17912cb40d44SStefan Weil simultaneously. 179265abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck 179365abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck Note that ``-virtfs`` is actually just a convenience shortcut for its 179465abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck generalized form ``-fsdev -device virtio-9p-pci``. 179565abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck 179665abaa01SChristian Schoenebeck The general form of pass-through file system options are: 1797e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1798e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``local`` 1799e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accesses to the filesystem are done by QEMU. 1800e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1801e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``proxy`` 1802e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accesses to the filesystem are done by virtfs-proxy-helper(1). 1803e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1804e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``synth`` 1805e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Synthetic filesystem, only used by QTests. 1806e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1807e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=id`` 1808e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies identifier for the filesystem device 1809e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1810e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path=path`` 1811e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files 1812e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell under this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest. 1813e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1814e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``security_model=security_model`` 1815e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the security model to be used for this export path. 1816e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", 1817e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file" and "none". In "passthrough" security model, files 1818e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are stored using the same credentials as they are created on the 1819e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. This requires QEMU to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" 1820e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model, some of the file attributes like uid, gid, mode 1821e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bits and link target are stored as file attributes. For 1822e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the hidden 1823e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .virtfs\_metadata directory. Directories exported by this 1824e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model cannot interact with other unix tools. "none" 1825e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell security model is same as passthrough except the sever won't 1826e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell report failures if it fails to set file attributes like 1827e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ownership. Security model is mandatory only for local fsdriver. 1828e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Other fsdrivers (like proxy) don't take security model as a 1829e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter. 1830e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1831e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``writeout=writeout`` 1832e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is an optional argument. The only supported value is 1833e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "immediate". This means that host page cache will be used to 1834e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell read and write data but write notification will be sent to the 1835e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest only when the data has been reported as written by the 1836e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell storage subsystem. 1837e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1838991c180dSPaolo Bonzini ``readonly=on`` 1839e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By 1840e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default read-write access is given. 1841e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1842e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``socket=socket`` 1843e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for 1844e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper(1). Usually a helper like 1845e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell libvirt will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as 1846e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sock\_fd. 1847e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1848e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sock_fd`` 1849e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed 'sock\_fd' as the 1850e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket descriptor for interfacing with virtfs-proxy-helper(1). 1851e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1852e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fmode=fmode`` 1853e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the default mode for newly created files on the host. 1854e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Works only with security models "mapped-xattr" and 1855e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file". 1856e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1857e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dmode=dmode`` 1858e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the default mode for newly created directories on the 1859e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host. Works only with security models "mapped-xattr" and 1860e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "mapped-file". 1861e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1862e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mount_tag=mount_tag`` 1863e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the tag name to be used by the guest to mount this 1864e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export point. 1865e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1866e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``multidevs=multidevs`` 1867e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies how to deal with multiple devices being shared with a 1868e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 9p export. Supported behaviours are either "remap", "forbid" or 1869e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "warn". The latter is the default behaviour on which virtfs 9p 1870e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell expects only one device to be shared with the same export, and 1871e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell if more than one device is shared and accessed via the same 9p 1872e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export then only a warning message is logged (once) by qemu on 1873e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host side. In order to avoid file ID collisions on guest you 1874e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should either create a separate virtfs export for each device to 1875e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be shared with guests (recommended way) or you might use "remap" 1876e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instead which allows you to share multiple devices with only one 1877e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export instead, which is achieved by remapping the original 1878e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell inode numbers from host to guest in a way that would prevent 1879e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell such collisions. Remapping inodes in such use cases is required 1880e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell because the original device IDs from host are never passed and 1881e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell exposed on guest. Instead all files of an export shared with 1882e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell virtfs always share the same device id on guest. So two files 1883e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with identical inode numbers but from actually different devices 1884e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on host would otherwise cause a file ID collision and hence 1885e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell potential misbehaviours on guest. "forbid" on the other hand 1886e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assumes like "warn" that only one device is shared by the same 1887e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell export, however it will not only log a warning message but also 1888e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell deny access to additional devices on guest. Note though that 1889e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "forbid" does currently not block all possible file access 1890e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operations (e.g. readdir() would still return entries from other 1891e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell devices). 1892e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 18933d54abc7SGautham R Shenoy 189461d70487SMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("iscsi", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_iscsi, 189561d70487SMarkus Armbruster "-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]\n" 189661d70487SMarkus Armbruster " [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE\n" 189761d70487SMarkus Armbruster " [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]\n" 189861d70487SMarkus Armbruster " [,timeout=timeout]\n" 189961d70487SMarkus Armbruster " iSCSI session parameters\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 190061d70487SMarkus Armbruster 1901e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1902e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-iscsi`` 1903e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure iSCSI session parameters. 1904e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 190544743148SMarkus Armbruster 19065824d651Sblueswir1DEFHEADING() 19075824d651Sblueswir1 1908c2a34ab2SThomas HuthDEFHEADING(USB convenience options:) 190910adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 191010adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb, 191173f46fefSStefan Hajnoczi "-usb enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)\n", 191210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1913e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1914e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-usb`` 1915e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable USB emulation on machine types with an on-board USB host 1916e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell controller (if not enabled by default). Note that on-board USB host 1917e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell controllers may not support USB 3.0. In this case 1918e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-device qemu-xhci`` can be used instead on machines with PCI. 1919e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 192010adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 192110adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice, 192210adb8beSMarkus Armbruster "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n", 192310adb8beSMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1924e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 1925e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-usbdevice devname`` 1926c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Add the USB device devname, and enable an on-board USB controller 1927c2a34ab2SThomas Huth if possible and necessary (just like it can be done via 1928c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``-machine usb=on``). Note that this option is mainly intended for 1929c2a34ab2SThomas Huth the user's convenience only. More fine-grained control can be 1930c2a34ab2SThomas Huth achieved by selecting a USB host controller (if necessary) and the 1931c2a34ab2SThomas Huth desired USB device via the ``-device`` option instead. For example, 1932c2a34ab2SThomas Huth instead of using ``-usbdevice mouse`` it is possible to use 1933c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``-device qemu-xhci -device usb-mouse`` to connect the USB mouse 1934c2a34ab2SThomas Huth to a USB 3.0 controller instead (at least on machines that support 1935c2a34ab2SThomas Huth PCI and do not have an USB controller enabled by default yet). 1936c2a34ab2SThomas Huth For more details, see the chapter about 1937923e9311SThomas Huth :ref:`Connecting USB devices` in the System Emulation Users Guide. 1938c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Possible devices for devname are: 1939c2a34ab2SThomas Huth 1940c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``braille`` 1941c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille 1942c2a34ab2SThomas Huth output on a real or fake device (i.e. it also creates a 1943c2a34ab2SThomas Huth corresponding ``braille`` chardev automatically beside the 1944c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``usb-braille`` USB device). 1945c2a34ab2SThomas Huth 1946c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``keyboard`` 1947c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Standard USB keyboard. Will override the PS/2 keyboard (if present). 1948e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1949e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mouse`` 1950e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when 1951e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell activated. 1952e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1953e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tablet`` 1954e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a 1955e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell touchscreen). This means QEMU is able to report the mouse 1956e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell position without having to grab the mouse. Also overrides the 1957e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell PS/2 mouse emulation when activated. 1958e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1959c2a34ab2SThomas Huth ``wacom-tablet`` 1960c2a34ab2SThomas Huth Wacom PenPartner USB tablet. 1961c2a34ab2SThomas Huth 1962c2a34ab2SThomas Huth 1963e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 196410adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 196510adb8beSMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING() 196610adb8beSMarkus Armbruster 1967de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Display options:) 19685824d651Sblueswir1 19691472a95bSJes SorensenDEF("display", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_display, 197088b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE) 1971d8aec9d9SMarc-André Lureau "-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]\n" 197288b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 197388b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_SDL) 1974a743d60bSThomas Huth "-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]\n" 1975a743d60bSThomas Huth " [,window-close=on|off]\n" 197688b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 197788b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_GTK) 197895f439bdSThomas Huth "-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]\n" 1979c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner " [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]\n" 1980dbccb1a5SBryce Mills " [,show-menubar=on|off]\n" 198188b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 198288b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_VNC) 1983f04ec5afSRobert Ho "-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]\n" 198488b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 198588b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_CURSES) 19862f8b7cd5SSamuel Thibault "-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]\n" 198788b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 1988f844cdb9SGustavo Noronha Silva#if defined(CONFIG_COCOA) 19894797adceSGustavo Noronha Silva "-display cocoa[,full-grab=on|off][,swap-opt-cmd=on|off]\n" 1990f844cdb9SGustavo Noronha Silva#endif 199188b40c68SThomas Huth#if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL) 199288b40c68SThomas Huth "-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]\n" 199388b40c68SThomas Huth#endif 1994142ca628SMarc-André Lureau#if defined(CONFIG_DBUS_DISPLAY) 1995142ca628SMarc-André Lureau "-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]\n" 1996142ca628SMarc-André Lureau " [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]\n" 1997142ca628SMarc-André Lureau#endif 199848941a52SCarwyn Ellis#if defined(CONFIG_COCOA) 199948941a52SCarwyn Ellis "-display cocoa[,show-cursor=on|off][,left-command-key=on|off]\n" 200048941a52SCarwyn Ellis#endif 2001144aaa99SErik Skultety "-display none\n" 200288b40c68SThomas Huth " select display backend type\n" 2003f04ec5afSRobert Ho " The default display is equivalent to\n " 2004f04ec5afSRobert Ho#if defined(CONFIG_GTK) 200588b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-display gtk\"\n" 2006f04ec5afSRobert Ho#elif defined(CONFIG_SDL) 200788b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-display sdl\"\n" 2008f04ec5afSRobert Ho#elif defined(CONFIG_COCOA) 200988b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-display cocoa\"\n" 2010f04ec5afSRobert Ho#elif defined(CONFIG_VNC) 201188b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-vnc localhost:0,to=99,id=default\"\n" 2012f04ec5afSRobert Ho#else 201388b40c68SThomas Huth "\"-display none\"\n" 2014f04ec5afSRobert Ho#endif 2015f04ec5afSRobert Ho , QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2016e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2017e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-display type`` 2018707d93d4SThomas Huth Select type of display to use. Use ``-display help`` to list the available 2019707d93d4SThomas Huth display types. Valid values for type are 2020e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2021ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied ``spice-app[,gl=on|off]`` 2022ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied Start QEMU as a Spice server and launch the default Spice client 2023ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied application. The Spice server will redirect the serial consoles 2024ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied and QEMU monitors. (Since 4.0) 2025ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied 2026142ca628SMarc-André Lureau ``dbus`` 2027142ca628SMarc-André Lureau Export the display over D-Bus interfaces. (Since 7.0) 2028142ca628SMarc-André Lureau 2029142ca628SMarc-André Lureau The connection is registered with the "org.qemu" name (and queued when 2030142ca628SMarc-André Lureau already owned). 2031142ca628SMarc-André Lureau 2032142ca628SMarc-André Lureau ``addr=<dbusaddr>`` : D-Bus bus address to connect to. 2033142ca628SMarc-André Lureau 203499997823SMarc-André Lureau ``p2p=yes|no`` : Use peer-to-peer connection, accepted via QMP ``add_client``. 203599997823SMarc-André Lureau 203699997823SMarc-André Lureau ``gl=on|off|core|es`` : Use OpenGL for rendering (the D-Bus interface 203799997823SMarc-André Lureau will share framebuffers with DMABUF file descriptors). 2038142ca628SMarc-André Lureau 203995f439bdSThomas Huth ``sdl`` 2040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Display video output via SDL (usually in a separate graphics 2041e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell window; see the SDL documentation for other possibilities). 204295f439bdSThomas Huth Valid parameters are: 2043e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 20448e8e844bSThomas Huth ``grab-mod=<mods>`` : Used to select the modifier keys for toggling 2045450e0f28SJohn Snow the mouse grabbing in conjunction with the "g" key. ``<mods>`` can be 2046450e0f28SJohn Snow either ``lshift-lctrl-lalt`` or ``rctrl``. 20478e8e844bSThomas Huth 204895f439bdSThomas Huth ``gl=on|off|core|es`` : Use OpenGL for displaying 204995f439bdSThomas Huth 205095f439bdSThomas Huth ``show-cursor=on|off`` : Force showing the mouse cursor 205195f439bdSThomas Huth 205295f439bdSThomas Huth ``window-close=on|off`` : Allow to quit qemu with window close button 205395f439bdSThomas Huth 205495f439bdSThomas Huth ``gtk`` 2055ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied Display video output in a GTK window. This interface provides 2056ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied drop-down menus and other UI elements to configure and control 205795f439bdSThomas Huth the VM during runtime. Valid parameters are: 205895f439bdSThomas Huth 205995f439bdSThomas Huth ``full-screen=on|off`` : Start in fullscreen mode 206095f439bdSThomas Huth 206195f439bdSThomas Huth ``gl=on|off`` : Use OpenGL for displaying 206295f439bdSThomas Huth 206395f439bdSThomas Huth ``grab-on-hover=on|off`` : Grab keyboard input on mouse hover 206495f439bdSThomas Huth 2065c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner ``show-tabs=on|off`` : Display the tab bar for switching between the 2066c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner various graphical interfaces (e.g. VGA and 2067c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner virtual console character devices) by default. 2068c34a9338SFelix xq Queißner 206995f439bdSThomas Huth ``show-cursor=on|off`` : Force showing the mouse cursor 207095f439bdSThomas Huth 207195f439bdSThomas Huth ``window-close=on|off`` : Allow to quit qemu with window close button 2072ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied 2073dbccb1a5SBryce Mills ``show-menubar=on|off`` : Display the main window menubar, defaults to "on" 2074dbccb1a5SBryce Mills 2075ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied ``curses[,charset=<encoding>]`` 2076e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Display video output via curses. For graphics device models 2077e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which support a text mode, QEMU can display this output using a 2078e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed when the graphics 2079e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device is in graphical mode or if the graphics device does not 2080e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell support a text mode. Generally only the VGA device models 2081e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell support text mode. The font charset used by the guest can be 2082e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified with the ``charset`` option, for example 2083e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``charset=CP850`` for IBM CP850 encoding. The default is 2084e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``CP437``. 2085e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 208648941a52SCarwyn Ellis ``cocoa`` 208748941a52SCarwyn Ellis Display video output in a Cocoa window. Mac only. This interface 208848941a52SCarwyn Ellis provides drop-down menus and other UI elements to configure and 208948941a52SCarwyn Ellis control the VM during runtime. Valid parameters are: 209048941a52SCarwyn Ellis 209148941a52SCarwyn Ellis ``show-cursor=on|off`` : Force showing the mouse cursor 209248941a52SCarwyn Ellis 209348941a52SCarwyn Ellis ``left-command-key=on|off`` : Disable forwarding left command key to host 209448941a52SCarwyn Ellis 209595f439bdSThomas Huth ``egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]`` 2096ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied Offload all OpenGL operations to a local DRI device. For any 2097ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied graphical display, this display needs to be paired with either 2098ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied VNC or SPICE displays. 2099ddc71758SAhmed Abouzied 210095f439bdSThomas Huth ``vnc=<display>`` 210195f439bdSThomas Huth Start a VNC server on display <display> 210295f439bdSThomas Huth 2103e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``none`` 2104e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Do not display video output. The guest will still see an 2105e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulated graphics card, but its output will not be displayed to 2106e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the QEMU user. This option differs from the -nographic option in 2107e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that it only affects what is done with video output; -nographic 2108e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell also changes the destination of the serial and parallel port 2109e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data. 2110e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 21111472a95bSJes Sorensen 21125824d651Sblueswir1DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic, 2113ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n", 2114ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2115e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2116e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-nographic`` 2117e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Normally, if QEMU is compiled with graphical window support, it 2118e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell displays output such as guest graphics, guest console, and the QEMU 2119e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell monitor in a window. With this option, you can totally disable 2120e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell graphical output so that QEMU is a simple command line application. 2121e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The emulated serial port is redirected on the console and muxed with 2122e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the monitor (unless redirected elsewhere explicitly). Therefore, you 2123e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel with a serial console. 2124e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use C-a h for help on switching between the console and monitor. 2125e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 21265824d651Sblueswir1 21275324e3e9SMarc-André Lureau#ifdef CONFIG_SPICE 212829b0040bSGerd HoffmannDEF("spice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_spice, 212927af7788SYonit Halperin "-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]\n" 213027af7788SYonit Halperin " [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]\n" 213127af7788SYonit Halperin " [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]\n" 2132a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]\n" 2133a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]\n" 213427af7788SYonit Halperin " [,tls-ciphers=<list>]\n" 213527af7788SYonit Halperin " [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n" 213627af7788SYonit Halperin " [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n" 213799522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]\n" 213899522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]\n" 213927af7788SYonit Halperin " [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]\n" 214027af7788SYonit Halperin " [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n" 214127af7788SYonit Halperin " [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n" 2142a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]\n" 2143a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé " [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]\n" 21445ad24e5fSHans de Goede " [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]\n" 21457b525508SMarc-André Lureau " [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]\n" 214627af7788SYonit Halperin " enable spice\n" 214727af7788SYonit Halperin " at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory\n", 214827af7788SYonit Halperin QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 21495324e3e9SMarc-André Lureau#endif 2150e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2151e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-spice option[,option[,...]]`` 2152e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable the spice remote desktop protocol. Valid options are 2153e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2154e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``port=<nr>`` 2155e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the TCP port spice is listening on for plaintext channels. 2156e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2157e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``addr=<addr>`` 2158e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the IP address spice is listening on. Default is any 2159e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell address. 2160e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2161a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``ipv4=on|off``; \ ``ipv6=on|off``; \ ``unix=on|off`` 2162e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Force using the specified IP version. 2163e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 216499522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé ``password=<string>`` 2165e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the password you need to authenticate. 2166e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2167c47c0bcbSDaniel P. Berrangé This option is deprecated and insecure because it leaves the 2168c47c0bcbSDaniel P. Berrangé password visible in the process listing. Use ``password-secret`` 2169c47c0bcbSDaniel P. Berrangé instead. 2170c47c0bcbSDaniel P. Berrangé 217199522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé ``password-secret=<secret-id>`` 217299522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé Set the ID of the ``secret`` object containing the password 217399522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé you need to authenticate. 217499522f69SDaniel P. Berrangé 2175a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``sasl=on|off`` 2176e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the spice. 2177e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled 2178e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from the system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' 2179e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell service. This is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If 2180e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell running QEMU as an unprivileged user, an environment variable 2181e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell SASL\_CONF\_PATH can be used to make it search alternate 2182e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell locations for the service config. While some SASL auth methods 2183e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), it is recommended 2184e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and 'x509' settings 2185e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This ensures a 2186e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data encryption preventing compromise of authentication 2187e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials. 2188e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2189a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``disable-ticketing=on|off`` 2190e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Allow client connects without authentication. 2191e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2192a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``disable-copy-paste=on|off`` 2193e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable copy paste between the client and the guest. 2194e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2195a9daa36aSDaniel P. Berrangé ``disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off`` 2196e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable spice-vdagent based file-xfer between the client and the 2197e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. 2198e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2199e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-port=<nr>`` 2200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the TCP port spice is listening on for encrypted channels. 2201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``x509-dir=<dir>`` 2203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the x509 file directory. Expects same filenames as -vnc 2204e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell $display,x509=$dir 2205e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``x509-key-file=<file>``; \ ``x509-key-password=<file>``; \ ``x509-cert-file=<file>``; \ ``x509-cacert-file=<file>``; \ ``x509-dh-key-file=<file>`` 2207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The x509 file names can also be configured individually. 2208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2209e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-ciphers=<list>`` 2210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify which ciphers to use. 2211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]``; \ ``plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]`` 2213e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Force specific channel to be used with or without TLS 2214e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encryption. The options can be specified multiple times to 2215e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell configure multiple channels. The special name "default" can be 2216e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell used to set the default mode. For channels which are not 2217e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell explicitly forced into one mode the spice client is allowed to 2218e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pick tls/plaintext as he pleases. 2219e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2220e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]`` 2221e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure image compression (lossless). Default is auto\_glz. 2222e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2223e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]``; \ ``zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]`` 2224e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure wan image compression (lossy for slow links). Default 2225e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is auto. 2226e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``streaming-video=[off|all|filter]`` 2228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure video stream detection. Default is off. 2229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2230e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``agent-mouse=[on|off]`` 2231e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable/disable passing mouse events via vdagent. Default is on. 2232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``playback-compression=[on|off]`` 2234e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable/disable audio stream compression (using celt 0.5.1). 2235e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Default is on. 2236e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2237e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``seamless-migration=[on|off]`` 2238e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable/disable spice seamless migration. Default is off. 2239e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2240e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``gl=[on|off]`` 2241e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable/disable OpenGL context. Default is off. 2242e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2243e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``rendernode=<file>`` 2244e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell DRM render node for OpenGL rendering. If not specified, it will 2245e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pick the first available. (Since 2.9) 2246e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 224729b0040bSGerd Hoffmann 22485824d651Sblueswir1DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait, 2249ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n", 2250ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2251e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2252e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-portrait`` 2253e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD). 2254e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 22555824d651Sblueswir1 22569312805dSVasily KhoruzhickDEF("rotate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rotate, 22579312805dSVasily Khoruzhick "-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)\n", 22589312805dSVasily Khoruzhick QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2259e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2260e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-rotate deg`` 2261e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD). 2262e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 22639312805dSVasily Khoruzhick 22645824d651Sblueswir1DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga, 2265a94f0c5cSGerd Hoffmann "-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]\n" 2266ad96090aSBlue Swirl " select video card type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2267e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2268e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-vga type`` 2269e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for type are 2270e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2271e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cirrus`` 2272e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting 2273e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For 2274e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell optimal performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and 2275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the host OS. (This card was the default before QEMU 2.2) 2276e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2277e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``std`` 2278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS 2279e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if 2280e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell you want to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you 2281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should use this option. (This card is the default since QEMU 2282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2.2) 2283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2284e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vmware`` 2285e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have 2286e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sufficiently recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a 2287e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell driver for this card. 2288e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2289e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``qxl`` 2290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QXL paravirtual graphic card. It is VGA compatible (including 2291e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VESA 2.0 VBE support). Works best with qxl guest drivers 2292e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell installed though. Recommended choice when using the spice 2293e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell protocol. 2294e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2295e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tcx`` 2296e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (sun4m only) Sun TCX framebuffer. This is the default 2297e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell framebuffer for sun4m machines and offers both 8-bit and 24-bit 2298e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell colour depths at a fixed resolution of 1024x768. 2299e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cg3`` 2301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (sun4m only) Sun cgthree framebuffer. This is a simple 8-bit 2302e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell framebuffer for sun4m machines available in both 1024x768 2303e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (OpenBIOS) and 1152x900 (OBP) resolutions aimed at people 2304e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell wishing to run older Solaris versions. 2305e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2306e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``virtio`` 2307e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Virtio VGA card. 2308e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``none`` 2310e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable VGA card. 2311e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 23125824d651Sblueswir1 23135824d651Sblueswir1DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen, 2314ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-full-screen start in full screen\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2315e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2316e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-full-screen`` 2317e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Start in full screen. 2318e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 23195824d651Sblueswir1 232060f9a4efSJohn SnowDEF("g", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_g , 2321ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n", 23228ac919a0SLaurent Vivier QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC | QEMU_ARCH_M68K) 2323e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 232409ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-g`` *width*\ ``x``\ *height*\ ``[x``\ *depth*\ ``]`` 2325e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the initial graphical resolution and depth (PPC, SPARC only). 2326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For PPC the default is 800x600x32. 2328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For SPARC with the TCX graphics device, the default is 1024x768x8 2330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with the option of 1024x768x24. For cgthree, the default is 2331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1024x768x8 with the option of 1152x900x8 for people who wish to use 2332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell OBP. 2333e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 23345824d651Sblueswir1 23355824d651Sblueswir1DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc , 2336f04ec5afSRobert Ho "-vnc <display> shorthand for -display vnc=<display>\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2337e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-vnc display[,option[,option[,...]]]`` 2339e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Normally, if QEMU is compiled with graphical window support, it 2340e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell displays output such as guest graphics, guest console, and the QEMU 2341e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell monitor in a window. With this option, you can have QEMU listen on 2342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VNC display display and redirect the VGA display over the VNC 2343e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell session. It is very useful to enable the usb tablet device when 2344e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using this option (option ``-device usb-tablet``). When using the 2345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VNC display, you must use the ``-k`` parameter to set the keyboard 2346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell layout if you are not using en-us. Valid syntax for the display is 2347e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``to=L`` 2349e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell With this option, QEMU will try next available VNC displays, 2350e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell until the number L, if the origianlly defined "-vnc display" is 2351e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell not available, e.g. port 5900+display is already used by another 2352e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell application. By default, to=0. 2353e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2354e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``host:d`` 2355e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TCP connections will only be allowed from host on display d. By 2356e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell convention the TCP port is 5900+d. Optionally, host can be 2357e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell omitted in which case the server will accept connections from 2358e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell any host. 2359e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2360e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``unix:path`` 2361e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where path 2362e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is the location of a unix socket to listen for connections on. 2363e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2364e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``none`` 2365e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor ``change`` 2366e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell command can be used to later start the VNC server. 2367e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2368e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Following the display value there may be one or more option flags 2369e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell separated by commas. Valid options are 2370e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 237182a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``reverse=on|off`` 2372e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a listening VNC client via a "reverse" connection. 2373e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The client is specified by the display. For reverse network 2374e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connections (host:d,``reverse``), the d argument is a TCP port 2375e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell number, not a display number. 2376e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 237782a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``websocket=on|off`` 2378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Opens an additional TCP listening port dedicated to VNC 2379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Websocket connections. If a bare websocket option is given, the 2380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Websocket port is 5700+display. An alternative port can be 2381e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified with the syntax ``websocket``\ =port. 2382e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2383e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If host is specified connections will only be allowed from this 2384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host. It is possible to control the websocket listen address 2385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell independently, using the syntax ``websocket``\ =host:port. 2386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If no TLS credentials are provided, the websocket connection 2388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell runs in unencrypted mode. If TLS credentials are provided, the 2389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell websocket connection requires encrypted client connections. 2390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 239182a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``password=on|off`` 2392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Require that password based authentication is used for client 2393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connections. 2394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The password must be set separately using the ``set_password`` 2396923e9311SThomas Huth command in the :ref:`QEMU monitor`. The 2397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell syntax to change your password is: 2398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``set_password <protocol> <password>`` where <protocol> could be 2399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell either "vnc" or "spice". 2400e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you would like to change <protocol> password expiration, you 2402e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should use ``expire_password <protocol> <expiration-time>`` 2403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell where expiration time could be one of the following options: 2404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell now, never, +seconds or UNIX time of expiration, e.g. +60 to 2405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell make password expire in 60 seconds, or 1335196800 to make 2406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell password expire on "Mon Apr 23 12:00:00 EDT 2012" (UNIX time for 2407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this date and time). 2408e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2409e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can also use keywords "now" or "never" for the expiration 2410e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell time to allow <protocol> password to expire immediately or never 2411e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell expire. 2412e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 24136c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé ``password-secret=<secret-id>`` 24146c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé Require that password based authentication is used for client 24156c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé connections, using the password provided by the ``secret`` 24166c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé object identified by ``secret-id``. 24176c6840e9SDaniel P. Berrangé 2418e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-creds=ID`` 2419e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Provides the ID of a set of TLS credentials to use to secure the 2420e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell VNC server. They will apply to both the normal VNC server socket 2421e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and the websocket socket (if enabled). Setting TLS credentials 2422e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will cause the VNC server socket to enable the VeNCrypt auth 2423e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell mechanism. The credentials should have been previously created 2424e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using the ``-object tls-creds`` argument. 2425e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2426e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-authz=ID`` 2427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Provides the ID of the QAuthZ authorization object against which 2428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the client's x509 distinguished name will validated. This object 2429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is only resolved at time of use, so can be deleted and recreated 2430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on the fly while the VNC server is active. If missing, it will 2431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default to denying access. 2432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 243382a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``sasl=on|off`` 2434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC 2435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. The exact choice of authentication method used is 2436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell controlled from the system / user's SASL configuration file for 2437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the 'qemu' service. This is typically found in 2438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an unprivileged user, 2439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell an environment variable SASL\_CONF\_PATH can be used to make it 2440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell search alternate locations for the service config. While some 2441e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), 2442e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' 2443e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and 'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server 2444e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell certificates. This ensures a data encryption preventing 2445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell compromise of authentication credentials. See the 2446923e9311SThomas Huth :ref:`VNC security` section in the System Emulation Users Guide 2447923e9311SThomas Huth for details on using SASL authentication. 2448e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2449e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sasl-authz=ID`` 2450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Provides the ID of the QAuthZ authorization object against which 2451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the client's SASL username will validated. This object is only 2452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell resolved at time of use, so can be deleted and recreated on the 2453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell fly while the VNC server is active. If missing, it will default 2454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to denying access. 2455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 245682a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``acl=on|off`` 2457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Legacy method for enabling authorization of clients against the 2458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell x509 distinguished name and SASL username. It results in the 2459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell creation of two ``authz-list`` objects with IDs of 2460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vnc.username`` and ``vnc.x509dname``. The rules for these 2461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell objects must be configured with the HMP ACL commands. 2462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2463e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option is deprecated and should no longer be used. The new 2464e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``sasl-authz`` and ``tls-authz`` options are a replacement. 2465e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 246682a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``lossy=on|off`` 2467e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable lossy compression methods (gradient, JPEG, ...). If this 2468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option is set, VNC client may receive lossy framebuffer updates 2469e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell depending on its encoding settings. Enabling this option can 2470e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell save a lot of bandwidth at the expense of quality. 2471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 247282a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``non-adaptive=on|off`` 2473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable adaptive encodings. Adaptive encodings are enabled by 2474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default. An adaptive encoding will try to detect frequently 2475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell updated screen regions, and send updates in these regions using 2476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a lossy encoding (like JPEG). This can be really helpful to save 2477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bandwidth when playing videos. Disabling adaptive encodings 2478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell restores the original static behavior of encodings like Tight. 2479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``share=[allow-exclusive|force-shared|ignore]`` 2481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set display sharing policy. 'allow-exclusive' allows clients to 2482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ask for exclusive access. As suggested by the rfb spec this is 2483e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell implemented by dropping other connections. Connecting multiple 2484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell clients in parallel requires all clients asking for a shared 2485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell session (vncviewer: -shared switch). This is the default. 2486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'force-shared' disables exclusive client access. Useful for 2487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell shared desktop sessions, where you don't want someone forgetting 2488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specify -shared disconnect everybody else. 'ignore' completely 2489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ignores the shared flag and allows everybody connect 2490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell unconditionally. Doesn't conform to the rfb spec but is 2491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell traditional QEMU behavior. 2492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``key-delay-ms`` 2494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set keyboard delay, for key down and key up events, in 2495e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell milliseconds. Default is 10. Keyboards are low-bandwidth 2496e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell devices, so this slowdown can help the device and guest to keep 2497e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell up and not lose events in case events are arriving in bulk. 2498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Possible causes for the latter are flaky network connections, or 2499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell scripts for automated testing. 2500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``audiodev=audiodev`` 2502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use the specified audiodev when the VNC client requests audio 2503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell transmission. When not using an -audiodev argument, this option 2504e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must be omitted, otherwise is must be present and specify a 2505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell valid audiodev. 25067b5fa0b5SDaniel P. Berrangé 250782a17d1dSDaniel P. Berrangé ``power-control=on|off`` 25087b5fa0b5SDaniel P. Berrangé Permit the remote client to issue shutdown, reboot or reset power 25097b5fa0b5SDaniel P. Berrangé control requests. 2510e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25115824d651Sblueswir1 2512a3adb7adSMichael EllermanARCHHEADING(, QEMU_ARCH_I386) 25135824d651Sblueswir1 2514de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterARCHHEADING(i386 target only:, QEMU_ARCH_I386) 25155824d651Sblueswir1 25165824d651Sblueswir1DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack, 2517ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n", 2518ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2519e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2520e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-win2k-hack`` 2521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After 2522e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this 2523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option slows down the IDE transfers). 2524e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25255824d651Sblueswir1 25265824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk, 2527ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n", 2528ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2529e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-fd-bootchk`` 2531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in BIOS. May be 2532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell needed to boot from old floppy disks. 2533e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25345824d651Sblueswir1 25355824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi, 2536f5d8c8cdSShannon Zhao "-no-acpi disable ACPI\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386 | QEMU_ARCH_ARM) 2537e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-acpi`` 2539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. 2540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target 2541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell machine only). 2542e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25435824d651Sblueswir1 25445824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet, 2545ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-no-hpet disable HPET\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2546e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-hpet`` 2548df37330cSThomas Huth Disable HPET support. Deprecated, use '-machine hpet=off' instead. 2549e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25505824d651Sblueswir1 25515824d651Sblueswir1DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable, 2552104bf02eSMichael Tokarev "-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]\n" 2553ad96090aSBlue Swirl " ACPI table description\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2554e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n] [,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]`` 2556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from 2557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified files. For file=, take whole ACPI table from the specified 2558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell files, including all ACPI headers (possible overridden by other 2559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options). For data=, only data portion of the table is used, all 2560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell header information is specified in the command line. If a SLIC table 2561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is supplied to QEMU, then the SLIC's oem\_id and oem\_table\_id 2562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell fields will override the same in the RSDT and the FADT (a.k.a. 2563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell FACP), in order to ensure the field matches required by the 2564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Microsoft SLIC spec and the ACPI spec. 2565e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 25665824d651Sblueswir1 2567b6f6e3d3SaliguoriDEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios, 2568b6f6e3d3Saliguori "-smbios file=binary\n" 2569ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n" 2570b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]\n" 2571b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " [,uefi=on|off]\n" 2572ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n" 2573b6f6e3d3Saliguori "-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" 2574b6f6e3d3Saliguori " [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n" 2575b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n" 2576b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" 2577b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " [,asset=str][,location=str]\n" 2578b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " specify SMBIOS type 2 fields\n" 2579b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]\n" 2580b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " [,sku=str]\n" 2581b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " specify SMBIOS type 3 fields\n" 2582b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" 2583c906e039SYing Fang " [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]\n" 2584cb5fb04fSPatrick Venture " [,processor-id=%d]\n" 2585b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo " specify SMBIOS type 4 fields\n" 2586fd8caa25SHal Martin "-smbios type=8[,external_reference=str][,internal_reference=str][,connector_type=%d][,port_type=%d]\n" 2587fd8caa25SHal Martin " specify SMBIOS type 8 fields\n" 258848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé "-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]\n" 258948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé " specify SMBIOS type 11 fields\n" 2590b155eb1dSGabriel L. Somlo "-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]\n" 25913ebd6cc8SGabriel L. Somlo " [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]\n" 259205dfb447SVincent Bernat " specify SMBIOS type 17 fields\n" 259305dfb447SVincent Bernat "-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]\n" 259405dfb447SVincent Bernat " specify SMBIOS type 41 fields\n", 2595c30e1565SWei Huang QEMU_ARCH_I386 | QEMU_ARCH_ARM) 2596e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2597e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios file=binary`` 2598e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Load SMBIOS entry from binary file. 2599e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2600e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d][,uefi=on|off]`` 2601e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields 2602e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]`` 2604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields 2605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str][,location=str]`` 2607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 2 fields 2608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str][,sku=str]`` 2610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 3 fields 2611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2612cb5fb04fSPatrick Venture``-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str][,part=str][,processor-id=%d]`` 2613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 4 fields 2614e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 261548a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé``-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]`` 261648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Specify SMBIOS type 11 fields 261748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 261848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé This argument can be repeated multiple times, and values are added in the order they are parsed. 261948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Applications intending to use OEM strings data are encouraged to use their application name as 262048a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé a prefix for the value string. This facilitates passing information for multiple applications 262148a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé concurrently. 262248a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 262348a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé The ``value=str`` syntax provides the string data inline, while the ``path=filename`` syntax 262448a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé loads data from a file on disk. Note that the file is not permitted to contain any NUL bytes. 262548a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 262648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Both the ``value`` and ``path`` options can be repeated multiple times and will be added to 262748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé the SMBIOS table in the order in which they appear. 262848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 262948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Note that on the x86 architecture, the total size of all SMBIOS tables is limited to 65535 263048a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé bytes. Thus the OEM strings data is not suitable for passing large amounts of data into the 263148a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé guest. Instead it should be used as a indicator to inform the guest where to locate the real 263248a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé data set, for example, by specifying the serial ID of a block device. 263348a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 263448a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé An example passing three strings is 263548a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 263648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé .. parsed-literal:: 263748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 263848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé -smbios type=11,value=cloud-init:ds=nocloud-net;s=http://10.10.0.1:8000/,\\ 263948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé value=anaconda:method=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/25/x86_64/os,\\ 264048a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé path=/some/file/with/oemstringsdata.txt 264148a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 264248a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé In the guest OS this is visible with the ``dmidecode`` command 264348a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 264448a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé .. parsed-literal:: 264548a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 264648a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé $ dmidecode -t 11 264748a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé Handle 0x0E00, DMI type 11, 5 bytes 264848a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé OEM Strings 264948a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé String 1: cloud-init:ds=nocloud-net;s=http://10.10.0.1:8000/ 265048a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé String 2: anaconda:method=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/25/x86_64/os 265148a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé String 3: myapp:some extra data 265248a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 265348a7ff4dSDaniel P. Berrangé 2654e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str][,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]`` 2655e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify SMBIOS type 17 fields 265605dfb447SVincent Bernat 265705dfb447SVincent Bernat``-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]`` 265805dfb447SVincent Bernat Specify SMBIOS type 41 fields 265905dfb447SVincent Bernat 266005dfb447SVincent Bernat This argument can be repeated multiple times. Its main use is to allow network interfaces be created 266105dfb447SVincent Bernat as ``enoX`` on Linux, with X being the instance number, instead of the name depending on the interface 266205dfb447SVincent Bernat position on the PCI bus. 266305dfb447SVincent Bernat 266405dfb447SVincent Bernat Here is an example of use: 266505dfb447SVincent Bernat 266605dfb447SVincent Bernat .. parsed-literal:: 266705dfb447SVincent Bernat 266805dfb447SVincent Bernat -netdev user,id=internet \\ 266905dfb447SVincent Bernat -device virtio-net-pci,mac=50:54:00:00:00:42,netdev=internet,id=internet-dev \\ 267005dfb447SVincent Bernat -smbios type=41,designation='Onboard LAN',instance=1,kind=ethernet,pcidev=internet-dev 267105dfb447SVincent Bernat 267205dfb447SVincent Bernat In the guest OS, the device should then appear as ``eno1``: 267305dfb447SVincent Bernat 267405dfb447SVincent Bernat ..parsed-literal:: 267505dfb447SVincent Bernat 267605dfb447SVincent Bernat $ ip -brief l 267705dfb447SVincent Bernat lo UNKNOWN 00:00:00:00:00:00 <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> 267805dfb447SVincent Bernat eno1 UP 50:54:00:00:00:42 <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> 267905dfb447SVincent Bernat 268005dfb447SVincent Bernat Currently, the PCI device has to be attached to the root bus. 268105dfb447SVincent Bernat 2682e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 2683b6f6e3d3Saliguori 2684c70a01e4SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING() 26855824d651Sblueswir1 2686de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Network options:) 26875824d651Sblueswir1 26886a8b4a5bSThomas HuthDEF("netdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_netdev, 26895824d651Sblueswir1#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 26908b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé "-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]\n" 26918b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]\n" 26920b11c036SSamuel Thibault " [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]\n" 2693f18d1375SBenjamin Drung " [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]\n" 26940fca92b9SFam Zheng " [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]" 2695ad196a9dSJan Kiszka#ifndef _WIN32 2696c92ef6a2SJan Kiszka "[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n" 2697ad196a9dSJan Kiszka#endif 26986a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',\n" 26996a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " its DHCP server and optional services\n" 27005824d651Sblueswir1#endif 27015824d651Sblueswir1#ifdef _WIN32 27026a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev tap,id=str,ifname=name\n" 27036a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'\n" 27045824d651Sblueswir1#else 27056a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]\n" 2706584613eaSAlexey Kardashevskiy " [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]\n" 27076a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]\n" 270869e87b32SJason Wang " [,poll-us=n]\n" 27096a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'\n" 2710584613eaSAlexey Kardashevskiy " connected to a bridge (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_INTERFACE ")\n" 2711a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " use network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n" 2712a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " to configure it and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n" 2713a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " to deconfigure it\n" 2714ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution\n" 2715a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " use network helper 'helper' (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ") to\n" 2716a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant " configure it\n" 27175824d651Sblueswir1 " use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n" 27182ca81baaSJason Wang " use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces\n" 2719ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n" 2720f157ed20SMichael S. Tsirkin " default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')\n" 2721ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n" 2722ca1a8a06SBruce Rogers " use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition\n" 272382b0d80eSMichael S. Tsirkin " use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator\n" 27245430a28fSmst@redhat.com " (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)\n" 27255430a28fSmst@redhat.com " use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests\n" 272682b0d80eSMichael S. Tsirkin " use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device\n" 27272ca81baaSJason Wang " use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices\n" 2728ec396014SJason Wang " use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP\n" 2729cba42d61SMichael Tokarev " use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be\n" 273069e87b32SJason Wang " spent on busy polling for vhost net\n" 27316a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]\n" 27326a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is\n" 27336a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " connected to a bridge (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_INTERFACE ")\n" 27346a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " using the program 'helper (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ")\n" 27350df0ff6dSMark McLoughlin#endif 27363fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov#ifdef __linux__ 27376a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]\n" 27388b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]\n" 27398b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]\n" 27406a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]\n" 27416a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to\n" 27426a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.\n" 27433fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk\n" 27442f47b403SMichael Tokarev " L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,\n" 27453fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal\n" 274621843dc4SStefan Hajnoczi " standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static\n" 27473fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).\n" 27483fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'src=' to specify source address\n" 27493fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'dst=' to specify destination address\n" 27503fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation\n" 27513952651aSGonglei " use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port\n" 27523fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port\n" 27533fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'ipv6=on' to force v6\n" 27543fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as\n" 27553fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " well as a weak security measure\n" 27563fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie\n" 27573fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie\n" 27583fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32\n" 27593fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter\n" 27603fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer\n" 27613fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov " use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data\n" 27623fb69aa1SAnton Ivanov#endif 27636a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n" 27646a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend to connect to another network\n" 27656a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " using a socket connection\n" 27666a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]\n" 27676a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port\n" 27683a75e74cSMike Ryan " use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from\n" 27696a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]\n" 27706a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend to connect to another network\n" 27716a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " using an UDP tunnel\n" 27721f9c890fSLaurent Vivier "-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]\n" 27731f9c890fSLaurent Vivier "-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]\n" 27745166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor\n" 27755166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " configure a network backend to connect to another network\n" 27765166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " using a socket connection in stream mode.\n" 27775166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]\n" 27785166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]\n" 27795166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port\n" 27805166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from\n" 27815166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]\n" 2782784e7a25SLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]\n" 27835166fe0aSLaurent Vivier "-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor\n" 27845166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " configure a network backend to connect to another network\n" 27855166fe0aSLaurent Vivier " using an UDP tunnel\n" 27865824d651Sblueswir1#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 27876a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n" 27886a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch\n" 27896a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n" 27905824d651Sblueswir1 " Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n" 27915824d651Sblueswir1 " ownership and permissions for communication port.\n" 27925824d651Sblueswir1#endif 279358952137SVincenzo Maffione#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP 27946a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev netmap,id=str,ifname=name[,devname=nmname]\n" 279558952137SVincenzo Maffione " attach to the existing netmap-enabled network interface 'name', or to a\n" 279658952137SVincenzo Maffione " VALE port (created on the fly) called 'name' ('nmname' is name of the \n" 279758952137SVincenzo Maffione " netmap device, defaults to '/dev/netmap')\n" 279858952137SVincenzo Maffione#endif 2799253dc14cSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_POSIX 28006a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]\n" 28016a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'\n" 2802253dc14cSThomas Huth#endif 2803108a6481SCindy Lu#ifdef __linux__ 28048801ccd0SSi-Wei Liu "-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]\n" 2805108a6481SCindy Lu " configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev\n" 28068801ccd0SSi-Wei Liu " use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device\n" 28078801ccd0SSi-Wei Liu " use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device\n" 2808108a6481SCindy Lu#endif 2809b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#ifdef CONFIG_VMNET 2810b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "-netdev vmnet-host,id=str[,isolated=on|off][,net-uuid=uuid]\n" 2811b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " [,start-address=addr,end-address=addr,subnet-mask=mask]\n" 2812b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure a vmnet network backend in host mode with ID 'str',\n" 2813b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " isolate this interface from others with 'isolated',\n" 2814b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure the address range and choose a subnet mask,\n" 2815b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " specify network UUID 'uuid' to disable DHCP and interact with\n" 2816b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " vmnet-host interfaces within this isolated network\n" 2817b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "-netdev vmnet-shared,id=str[,isolated=on|off][,nat66-prefix=addr]\n" 2818b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " [,start-address=addr,end-address=addr,subnet-mask=mask]\n" 2819b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure a vmnet network backend in shared mode with ID 'str',\n" 2820b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure the address range and choose a subnet mask,\n" 2821b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " set IPv6 ULA prefix (of length 64) to use for internal network,\n" 2822b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " isolate this interface from others with 'isolated'\n" 2823b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "-netdev vmnet-bridged,id=str,ifname=name[,isolated=on|off]\n" 2824b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " configure a vmnet network backend in bridged mode with ID 'str',\n" 2825b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " use 'ifname=name' to select a physical network interface to be bridged,\n" 2826b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk " isolate this interface from others with 'isolated'\n" 2827b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#endif 282818d65d22SThomas Huth "-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]\n" 2829af1a5c3eSThomas Huth " configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 283078cd6f7bSThomas HuthDEF("nic", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_nic, 2831dfaa7d50SBALATON Zoltan "-nic [tap|bridge|" 283278cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 283378cd6f7bSThomas Huth "user|" 283478cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 283578cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef __linux__ 283678cd6f7bSThomas Huth "l2tpv3|" 283778cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 283878cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 283978cd6f7bSThomas Huth "vde|" 284078cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 284178cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP 284278cd6f7bSThomas Huth "netmap|" 284378cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 284478cd6f7bSThomas Huth#ifdef CONFIG_POSIX 284578cd6f7bSThomas Huth "vhost-user|" 284678cd6f7bSThomas Huth#endif 2847b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#ifdef CONFIG_VMNET 2848b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "vmnet-host|vmnet-shared|vmnet-bridged|" 2849b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#endif 285078cd6f7bSThomas Huth "socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]\n" 285178cd6f7bSThomas Huth " initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address\n" 285278cd6f7bSThomas Huth " macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend\n" 2853dfaa7d50SBALATON Zoltan "-nic none use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to\n" 285478cd6f7bSThomas Huth " provided a 'user' network connection)\n", 285578cd6f7bSThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 28566a8b4a5bSThomas HuthDEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net, 2857af1a5c3eSThomas Huth "-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n" 28580e60a82dSThomas Huth " configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and\n" 2859af1a5c3eSThomas Huth " connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)\n" 28606a8b4a5bSThomas Huth "-net [" 2861a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 2862a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin "user|" 2863a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin#endif 2864a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin "tap|" 2865a7c36ee4SCorey Bryant "bridge|" 2866a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 2867a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin "vde|" 2868a1ea458fSMark McLoughlin#endif 286958952137SVincenzo Maffione#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP 287058952137SVincenzo Maffione "netmap|" 287158952137SVincenzo Maffione#endif 2872b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#ifdef CONFIG_VMNET 2873b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk "vmnet-host|vmnet-shared|vmnet-bridged|" 2874b0290db1SVladislav Yaroshchuk#endif 2875af1a5c3eSThomas Huth "socket][,option][,option][,...]\n" 28766a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " old way to initialize a host network interface\n" 28776a8b4a5bSThomas Huth " (use the -netdev option if possible instead)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2878e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 2879e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|netmap|vhost-user|socket][,...][,mac=macaddr][,model=mn]`` 2880e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option is a shortcut for configuring both the on-board 2881e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default) guest NIC hardware and the host network backend in one go. 2882e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The host backend options are the same as with the corresponding 2883e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-netdev`` options below. The guest NIC model can be set with 2884e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``model=modelname``. Use ``model=help`` to list the available device 2885e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell types. The hardware MAC address can be set with ``mac=macaddr``. 2886e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2887e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The following two example do exactly the same, to show how ``-nic`` 2888e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be used to shorten the command line length: 2889e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2890e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 2891e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2892e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -netdev user,id=n1,ipv6=off -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32 2893e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,ipv6=off,model=e1000,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32 2894e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2895e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-nic none`` 2896e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to 2897e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell override the default configuration (default NIC with "user" host 2898e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network backend) which is activated if no other networking options 2899e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are provided. 2900e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2901e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev user,id=id[,option][,option][,...]`` 2902e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure user mode host network backend which requires no 2903e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell administrator privilege to run. Valid options are: 2904e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2905e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=id`` 2906e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands. 2907e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2908e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv4=on|off and ipv6=on|off`` 2909e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be enabled. If neither is 2910e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified both protocols are enabled. 2911e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2912e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``net=addr[/mask]`` 2913e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify 2914e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the netmask, either in the form a.b.c.d or as number of valid 2915e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell top-most bits. Default is 10.0.2.0/24. 2916e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2917e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``host=addr`` 2918e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the guest-visible address of the host. Default is the 2919e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2nd IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.2. 2920e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2921e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv6-net=addr[/int]`` 2922e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set IPv6 network address the guest will see (default is 2923e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell fec0::/64). The network prefix is given in the usual hexadecimal 2924e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell IPv6 address notation. The prefix size is optional, and is given 2925e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as the number of valid top-most bits (default is 64). 2926e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2927e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv6-host=addr`` 2928e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the guest-visible IPv6 address of the host. Default is 2929e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the 2nd IPv6 in the guest network, i.e. xxxx::2. 2930e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2931e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``restrict=on|off`` 2932e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If this option is enabled, the guest will be isolated, i.e. it 2933e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will not be able to contact the host and no guest IP packets 2934e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will be routed over the host to the outside. This option does 2935e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell not affect any explicitly set forwarding rules. 2936e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2937e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``hostname=name`` 2938e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the client hostname reported by the built-in DHCP 2939e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. 2940e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2941e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dhcpstart=addr`` 2942e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can 2943e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assign. Default is the 15th to 31st IP in the guest network, 2944e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell i.e. x.x.x.15 to x.x.x.31. 2945e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2946e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dns=addr`` 2947e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver. The 2948e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell address must be different from the host address. Default is the 2949e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3rd IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.3. 2950e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2951e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv6-dns=addr`` 2952e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify the guest-visible address of the IPv6 virtual 2953e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell nameserver. The address must be different from the host address. 2954e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network, i.e. xxxx::3. 2955e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2956e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dnssearch=domain`` 2957e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Provides an entry for the domain-search list sent by the 2958e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell built-in DHCP server. More than one domain suffix can be 2959e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell transmitted by specifying this option multiple times. If 2960e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supported, this will cause the guest to automatically try to 2961e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell append the given domain suffix(es) in case a domain name can not 2962e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be resolved. 2963e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2964e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 2965e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2966e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 2967e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2968e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org 2969e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2970e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``domainname=domain`` 2971e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specifies the client domain name reported by the built-in DHCP 2972e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. 2973e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2974e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tftp=dir`` 2975e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP 2976e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. The files in dir will be exposed as the root of a TFTP 2977e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server. The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in 2978e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell binary mode (use the command ``bin`` of the Unix TFTP client). 2979e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tftp-server-name=name`` 2981e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In BOOTP reply, broadcast name as the "TFTP server name" 2982e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (RFC2132 option 66). This can be used to advise the guest to 2983e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell load boot files or configurations from a different server than 2984e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the host address. 2985e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2986e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bootfile=file`` 2987e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When using the user mode network stack, broadcast file as the 2988e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell BOOTP filename. In conjunction with ``tftp``, this can be used 2989e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to network boot a guest from a local directory. 2990e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2991e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example (using pxelinux): 2992e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2993e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 2994e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2995353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| -hda linux.img -boot n -device e1000,netdev=n1 \\ 2996e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev user,id=n1,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0 2997e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2998e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]`` 2999e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB 3000e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in 3001e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dir`` transparently. The IP address of the SMB server can be 3002e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell set to addr. By default the 4th IP in the guest network is used, 3003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell i.e. x.x.x.4. 3004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In the guest Windows OS, the line: 3006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3007e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3008e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3009e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 10.0.2.4 smbserver 3010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must be added in the file ``C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS`` (for windows 3012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 9x/Me) or ``C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS`` (Windows 3013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NT/2000). 3014e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3015e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Then ``dir`` can be accessed in ``\\smbserver\qemu``. 3016e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3017e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS. 3018e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3019e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[hostaddr]:hostport-[guestaddr]:guestport`` 3020e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port 3021e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell hostport to the guest IP address guestaddr on guest port 3022e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guestport. If guestaddr is not specified, its value is x.x.x.15 3023e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (default first address given by the built-in DHCP server). By 3024e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specifying hostaddr, the rule can be bound to a specific host 3025e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interface. If no connection type is set, TCP is used. This 3026e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option can be given multiple times. 3027e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3028e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to 3029e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest screen 0, use the following: 3030e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 303109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3032e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3033e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # on the host 3034e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 3035e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server 3036e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell xterm -display :1 3037e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3038e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet 3039e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port on the guest, use the following: 3040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 304109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3042e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3043e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # on the host 3044e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 3045e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell telnet localhost 5555 3046e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3047e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Then when you use on the host ``telnet localhost 5555``, you 3048e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connect to the guest telnet server. 3049e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3050e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``guestfwd=[tcp]:server:port-dev``; \ ``guestfwd=[tcp]:server:port-cmd:command`` 3051e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Forward guest TCP connections to the IP address server on port 3052e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port to the character device dev or to a program executed by 3053e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell cmd:command which gets spawned for each connection. This option 3054e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be given multiple times. 3055e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3056e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can either use a chardev directly and have that one used 3057e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell throughout QEMU's lifetime, like in the following example: 3058e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 305909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3060e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3061e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # open 10.10.1.1:4321 on bootup, connect 10.0.2.100:1234 to it whenever 3062e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # the guest accesses it 3063e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321 3064e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3065e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Or you can execute a command on every TCP connection established 3066e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell by the guest, so that QEMU behaves similar to an inetd process 3067e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for that virtual server: 3068e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 306909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3070e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3071e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # call "netcat 10.10.1.1 4321" on every TCP connection to 10.0.2.100:1234 3072e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # and connect the TCP stream to its stdin/stdout 3073e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| -nic 'user,id=n1,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321' 3074e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3075e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev tap,id=id[,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,br=bridge][,helper=helper]`` 3076e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure a host TAP network backend with ID id. 3077e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3078e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use the network script file to configure it and the network script 3079e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell dfile to deconfigure it. If name is not provided, the OS 3080e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell automatically provides one. The default network configure script is 3081e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/etc/qemu-ifup`` and the default network deconfigure script is 3082e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/etc/qemu-ifdown``. Use ``script=no`` or ``downscript=no`` to 3083e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell disable script execution. 3084e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3085e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If running QEMU as an unprivileged user, use the network helper 30868d73ec89STianjia Zhang to configure the TAP interface and attach it to the bridge. 3087e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The default network helper executable is 3088e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper`` and the default bridge device is 3089e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``br0``. 3090e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3091e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``fd``\ =h can be used to specify the handle of an already opened 3092e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host TAP interface. 3093e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3094e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Examples: 3095e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 309609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3097e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3098e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with the default network script 3099e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| linux.img -nic tap 3100e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 310109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3102e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3103e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with two NICs, each one connected 3104e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #to a TAP device 3105353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3106353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap0 -device e1000,netdev=nd0 \\ 3107e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=nd1,ifname=tap1 -device rtl8139,netdev=nd1 3108e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 310909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3110e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3111e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 3112e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #connect a TAP device to bridge br0 3113353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=n1 \\ 3114e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=n1,"helper=/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper" 3115e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3116e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev bridge,id=id[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]`` 3117e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device. 3118e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3119e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use the network helper helper to configure the TAP interface and 3120e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell attach it to the bridge. The default network helper executable is 3121e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper`` and the default bridge device is 3122e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``br0``. 3123e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3124e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Examples: 3125e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 312609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3127e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3128e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 3129e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #connect a TAP device to bridge br0 3130e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| linux.img -netdev bridge,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1 3131e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 313209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3133e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3134e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 3135e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell #connect a TAP device to bridge qemubr0 3136e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| linux.img -netdev bridge,br=qemubr0,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1 3137e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3138e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev socket,id=id[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]`` 3139e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This host network backend can be used to connect the guest's network 3140e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to another QEMU virtual machine using a TCP socket connection. If 3141e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``listen`` is specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on port 3142e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (host is optional). ``connect`` is used to connect to another QEMU 3143e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instance using the ``listen`` option. ``fd``\ =h specifies an 3144e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell already opened TCP socket. 3145e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3146e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3147e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 314809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3149e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3150e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch a first QEMU instance 3151353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3152353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \\ 3153e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n1,listen=:1234 3154e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # connect the network of this instance to the network of the first instance 3155353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3156353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \\ 3157e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n2,connect=127.0.0.1:1234 3158e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3159e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev socket,id=id[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]`` 3160e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure a socket host network backend to share the guest's network 3161e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell traffic with another QEMU virtual machines using a UDP multicast 3162e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket, effectively making a bus for every QEMU with same multicast 3163e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell address maddr and port. NOTES: 3164e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3165e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 1. Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus 3166e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (assuming correct multicast setup for these hosts). 3167e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3168e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 2. mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument 3169e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ethN=mcast``), see http://user-mode-linux.sf.net. 3170e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3171e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3. Use ``fd=h`` to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket. 3172e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3173e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3174e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 317509ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3176e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3177e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch one QEMU instance 3178353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3179353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \\ 3180e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 3181e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch another QEMU instance on same "bus" 3182353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3183353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \\ 3184e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n2,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 3185e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus" 3186353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3187353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n3,mac=52:54:00:12:34:58 \\ 3188e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n3,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 3189e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3190e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example (User Mode Linux compat.): 3191e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 319209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3193e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3194e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected is UML's default) 3195353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3196353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \\ 3197e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102 3198e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch UML 3199e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell /path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast 3200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example (send packets from host's 1.2.3.4): 3202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3204e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3205353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img \\ 3206353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \\ 3207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4 3208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 32098b0dc246SDaniel P. Berrangé``-netdev l2tpv3,id=id,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport],txsession=txsession[,rxsession=rxsession][,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off][,cookie64][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie][,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]`` 3210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure a L2TPv3 pseudowire host network backend. L2TPv3 (RFC3931) 3211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is a popular protocol to transport Ethernet (and other Layer 2) data 3212e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell frames between two systems. It is present in routers, firewalls and 3213e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the Linux kernel (from version 3.3 onwards). 3214e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3215e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This transport allows a VM to communicate to another VM, router or 3216e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell firewall directly. 3217e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3218e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``src=srcaddr`` 3219e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell source address (mandatory) 3220e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3221e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dst=dstaddr`` 3222e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell destination address (mandatory) 3223e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3224e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``udp`` 3225e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell select udp encapsulation (default is ip). 3226e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``srcport=srcport`` 3228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell source udp port. 3229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3230e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``dstport=dstport`` 3231e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell destination udp port. 3232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``ipv6`` 3234e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell force v6, otherwise defaults to v4. 3235e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3236e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``rxcookie=rxcookie``; \ ``txcookie=txcookie`` 3237e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Cookies are a weak form of security in the l2tpv3 specification. 3238e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Their function is mostly to prevent misconfiguration. By default 3239e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell they are 32 bit. 3240e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3241e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cookie64`` 3242e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set cookie size to 64 bit instead of the default 32 3243e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3244e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``counter=off`` 3245e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter as in 3246e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell draft-mkonstan-l2tpext-keyed-ipv6-tunnel-00 3247e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3248e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pincounter=on`` 3249e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Work around broken counter handling in peer. This may also help 3250e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on networks which have packet reorder. 3251e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3252e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``offset=offset`` 3253e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add an extra offset between header and data 3254e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For example, to attach a VM running on host 4.3.2.1 via L2TPv3 to 3256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the bridge br-lan on the remote Linux host 1.2.3.4: 3257e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 325809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3259e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3260e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # Setup tunnel on linux host using raw ip as encapsulation 3261e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # on 1.2.3.4 3262353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ip l2tp add tunnel remote 4.3.2.1 local 1.2.3.4 tunnel_id 1 peer_tunnel_id 1 \\ 3263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encap udp udp_sport 16384 udp_dport 16384 3264353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ip l2tp add session tunnel_id 1 name vmtunnel0 session_id \\ 3265e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 0xFFFFFFFF peer_session_id 0xFFFFFFFF 3266e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ifconfig vmtunnel0 mtu 1500 3267e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ifconfig vmtunnel0 up 3268e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell brctl addif br-lan vmtunnel0 3269e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3270e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3271e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # on 4.3.2.1 3272e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch QEMU instance - if your network has reorder or is very lossy add ,pincounter 3273e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3274353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek |qemu_system| linux.img -device e1000,netdev=n1 \\ 3275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev l2tpv3,id=n1,src=4.2.3.1,dst=1.2.3.4,udp,srcport=16384,dstport=16384,rxsession=0xffffffff,txsession=0xffffffff,counter 3276e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3277e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev vde,id=id[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]`` 3278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure VDE backend to connect to PORT n of a vde switch running 3279e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on host and listening for incoming connections on socketpath. Use 3280e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell GROUP groupname and MODE octalmode to change default ownership and 3281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell permissions for communication port. This option is only available if 3282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU has been compiled with vde support enabled. 3283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3284e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3285e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 328609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 3287e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3288e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch vde switch 3289e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch 3290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # launch QEMU instance 3291e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell |qemu_system| linux.img -nic vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch 3292e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3293e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev vhost-user,chardev=id[,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]`` 3294e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Establish a vhost-user netdev, backed by a chardev id. The chardev 3295e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should be a unix domain socket backed one. The vhost-user uses a 3296e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specifically defined protocol to pass vhost ioctl replacement 3297e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell messages to an application on the other end of the socket. On 3298e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell non-MSIX guests, the feature can be forced with vhostforce. Use 3299e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for 3300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiqueue vhost-user. 3301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3302e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3303e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3304e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3305e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3306e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell qemu -m 512 -object memory-backend-file,id=mem,size=512M,mem-path=/hugetlbfs,share=on \ 3307e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -numa node,memdev=mem \ 3308e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=chr0,path=/path/to/socket \ 3309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev type=vhost-user,id=net0,chardev=chr0 \ 3310e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 3311e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 33128801ccd0SSi-Wei Liu``-netdev vhost-vdpa[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]`` 3313108a6481SCindy Lu Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev. 3314108a6481SCindy Lu 3315108a6481SCindy Lu vDPA device is a device that uses a datapath which complies with 3316108a6481SCindy Lu the virtio specifications with a vendor specific control path. 3317108a6481SCindy Lu vDPA devices can be both physically located on the hardware or 3318108a6481SCindy Lu emulated by software. 3319108a6481SCindy Lu 3320e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-netdev hubport,id=id,hubid=hubid[,netdev=nd]`` 3321e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a hub port on the emulated hub with ID hubid. 3322e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3323e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The hubport netdev lets you connect a NIC to a QEMU emulated hub 3324e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instead of a single netdev. Alternatively, you can also connect the 3325e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell hubport to another netdev with ID nd by using the ``netdev=nd`` 3326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. 3327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-net nic[,netdev=nd][,macaddr=mac][,model=type] [,name=name][,addr=addr][,vectors=v]`` 3329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Legacy option to configure or create an on-board (or machine 3330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default) Network Interface Card(NIC) and connect it either to the 3331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulated hub with ID 0 (i.e. the default hub), or to the netdev nd. 3332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If model is omitted, then the default NIC model associated with the 3333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell machine type is used. Note that the default NIC model may change in 3334e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell future QEMU releases, so it is highly recommended to always specify 3335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a model. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to mac, the 3336e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device address set to addr (PCI cards only), and a name can be 3337e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assigned for use in monitor commands. Optionally, for PCI cards, you 3338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can specify the number v of MSI-X vectors that the card should have; 3339e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this option currently only affects virtio cards; set v = 0 to 3340e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell disable MSI-X. If no ``-net`` option is specified, a single NIC is 3341e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell created. QEMU can emulate several different models of network card. 3342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-net nic,model=help`` for a list of available devices for your 3343e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell target. 3344e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-net user|tap|bridge|socket|l2tpv3|vde[,...][,name=name]`` 3346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Configure a host network backend (with the options corresponding to 3347e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the same ``-netdev`` option) and connect it to the emulated hub 0 3348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (the default hub). Use name to specify the name of the hub port. 3349e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 33505824d651Sblueswir1 33517273a2dbSMatthew BoothDEFHEADING() 33527273a2dbSMatthew Booth 3353de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Character device options:) 33547273a2dbSMatthew Booth 33557273a2dbSMatthew BoothDEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev, 3356517b3d40SLin Ma "-chardev help\n" 3357d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3358ba858d1fSMarkus Armbruster "-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]\n" 3359bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]\n" 3360fd4a5fd4SDaniel P. Berrange " [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)\n" 3361bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé "-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]\n" 3362e339273bSxiaoqiang zhao " [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)\n" 33637273a2dbSMatthew Booth "-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]\n" 3364bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé " [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]\n" 3365d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange " [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3366d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 33677273a2dbSMatthew Booth "-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n" 3368d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange " [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3369d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3370d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3371d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 33727273a2dbSMatthew Booth#ifdef _WIN32 3373d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev console,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3374d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 33757273a2dbSMatthew Booth#else 3376d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3377d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 33787273a2dbSMatthew Booth#endif 33797273a2dbSMatthew Booth#ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI 3380d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 33817273a2dbSMatthew Booth#endif 33827273a2dbSMatthew Booth#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \ 33837273a2dbSMatthew Booth || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) 3384d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 33857273a2dbSMatthew Booth#endif 33867273a2dbSMatthew Booth#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) 3387d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 33887273a2dbSMatthew Booth#endif 3389cbcc6336SAlon Levy#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE) 3390d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3391d0d7708bSDaniel P. Berrange "-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]\n" 3392cbcc6336SAlon Levy#endif 3393ad96090aSBlue Swirl , QEMU_ARCH_ALL 33947273a2dbSMatthew Booth) 33957273a2dbSMatthew Booth 3396e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3397e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellThe general form of a character device option is: 3398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev backend,id=id[,mux=on|off][,options]`` 3400e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Backend is one of: ``null``, ``socket``, ``udp``, ``msmouse``, 3401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vc``, ``ringbuf``, ``file``, ``pipe``, ``console``, ``serial``, 34026f9f6308SPaolo Bonzini ``pty``, ``stdio``, ``braille``, ``parallel``, 3403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``spicevmc``, ``spiceport``. The specific backend will determine the 3404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell applicable options. 3405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-chardev help`` to print all available chardev backend types. 3407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3408e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 3409e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell characters long. It is used to uniquely identify this device in 3410e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell other command line directives. 3411e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3412e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A character device may be used in multiplexing mode by multiple 3413e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell front-ends. Specify ``mux=on`` to enable this mode. A multiplexer is 3414e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a "1:N" device, and here the "1" end is your specified chardev 3415e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell backend, and the "N" end is the various parts of QEMU that can talk 3416e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to a chardev. If you create a chardev with ``id=myid`` and 3417e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mux=on``, QEMU will create a multiplexer with your specified ID, 3418e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and you can then configure multiple front ends to use that chardev 3419e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ID for their input/output. Up to four different front ends can be 3420e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connected to a single multiplexed chardev. (Without multiplexing 3421e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell enabled, a chardev can only be used by a single front end.) For 3422e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instance you could use this to allow a single stdio chardev to be 3423e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell used by two serial ports and the QEMU monitor: 3424e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3425e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3426e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev stdio,mux=on,id=char0 \ 3428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -mon chardev=char0,mode=readline \ 3429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial chardev:char0 \ 3430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial chardev:char0 3431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell You can have more than one multiplexer in a system configuration; 3433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for instance you could have a TCP port multiplexed between UART 0 3434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and UART 1, and stdio multiplexed between the QEMU monitor and a 3435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parallel port: 3436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev stdio,mux=on,id=char0 \ 3440e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -mon chardev=char0,mode=readline \ 3441e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -parallel chardev:char0 \ 3442e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev tcp,...,mux=on,id=char1 \ 3443e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial chardev:char1 \ 3444e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial chardev:char1 3445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3446e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When you're using a multiplexed character device, some escape 3447923e9311SThomas Huth sequences are interpreted in the input. See the chapter about 3448923e9311SThomas Huth :ref:`keys in the character backend multiplexer` in the 3449923e9311SThomas Huth System Emulation Users Guide for more details. 3450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that some other command line options may implicitly create 3452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiplexed character backends; for instance ``-serial mon:stdio`` 3453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell creates a multiplexed stdio backend connected to the serial port and 3454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the QEMU monitor, and ``-nographic`` also multiplexes the console 3455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and the monitor to stdio. 3456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell There is currently no support for multiplexing in the other 3458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell direction (where a single QEMU front end takes input and output from 3459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiple chardevs). 3460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Every backend supports the ``logfile`` option, which supplies the 3462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell path to a file to record all data transmitted via the backend. The 3463e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``logappend`` option controls whether the log file will be truncated 3464e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or appended to when opened. 3465e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3466e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellThe available backends are: 3467e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev null,id=id`` 3469e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A void device. This device will not emit any data, and will drop any 3470e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data it receives. The null backend does not take any options. 3471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3472bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé``-chardev socket,id=id[,TCP options or unix options][,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,tls-creds=id][,tls-authz=id]`` 3473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a two-way stream socket, which can be either a TCP or a unix 3474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket. A unix socket will be created if ``path`` is specified. 3475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Behaviour is undefined if TCP options are specified for a unix 3476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket. 3477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3478bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``server=on|off`` specifies that the socket shall be a listening socket. 3479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3480bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``wait=on|off`` specifies that QEMU should not block waiting for a client 3481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to connect to a listening socket. 3482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3483bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``telnet=on|off`` specifies that traffic on the socket should interpret 3484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell telnet escape sequences. 3485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3486bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``websocket=on|off`` specifies that the socket uses WebSocket protocol for 3487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell communication. 3488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``reconnect`` sets the timeout for reconnecting on non-server 3490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sockets when the remote end goes away. qemu will delay this many 3491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell seconds and then attempt to reconnect. Zero disables reconnecting, 3492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and is the default. 3493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-creds`` requests enablement of the TLS protocol for 3495e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encryption, and specifies the id of the TLS credentials to use for 3496e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the handshake. The credentials must be previously created with the 3497e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object tls-creds`` argument. 3498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tls-auth`` provides the ID of the QAuthZ authorization object 3500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell against which the client's x509 distinguished name will be 3501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell validated. This object is only resolved at time of use, so can be 3502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell deleted and recreated on the fly while the chardev server is active. 3503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If missing, it will default to denying access. 3504e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TCP and unix socket options are given below: 3506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3507a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``TCP options: port=port[,host=host][,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]`` 3508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``host`` for a listening socket specifies the local address to 3509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be bound. For a connecting socket species the remote host to 3510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connect to. ``host`` is optional for listening sockets. If not 3511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified it defaults to ``0.0.0.0``. 3512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``port`` for a listening socket specifies the local port to be 3514e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bound. For a connecting socket specifies the port on the remote 3515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell host to connect to. ``port`` can be given as either a port 3516e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell number or a service name. ``port`` is required. 3517e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3518e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``to`` is only relevant to listening sockets. If it is 3519e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, and ``port`` cannot be bound, QEMU will attempt to 3520e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bind to subsequent ports up to and including ``to`` until it 3521e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell succeeds. ``to`` must be specified as a port number. 3522e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3523bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``ipv4=on|off`` and ``ipv6=on|off`` specify that either IPv4 3524bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé or IPv6 must be used. If neither is specified the socket may 3525bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé use either protocol. 3526e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3527a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``nodelay=on|off`` disables the Nagle algorithm. 3528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3529e339273bSxiaoqiang zhao ``unix options: path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]`` 3530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the local path of the unix socket. ``path`` 3531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is required. 3532bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``abstract=on|off`` specifies the use of the abstract socket namespace, 3533e339273bSxiaoqiang zhao rather than the filesystem. Optional, defaults to false. 3534bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``tight=on|off`` sets the socket length of abstract sockets to their minimum, 3535e339273bSxiaoqiang zhao rather than the full sun_path length. Optional, defaults to true. 3536e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3537bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé``-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr][,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]`` 3538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Sends all traffic from the guest to a remote host over UDP. 3539e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3540e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``host`` specifies the remote host to connect to. If not specified 3541e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell it defaults to ``localhost``. 3542e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3543e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``port`` specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. 3544e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``port`` is required. 3545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3546e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``localaddr`` specifies the local address to bind to. If not 3547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified it defaults to ``0.0.0.0``. 3548e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3549e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``localport`` specifies the local port to bind to. If not specified 3550e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell any available local port will be used. 3551e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3552bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``ipv4=on|off`` and ``ipv6=on|off`` specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used. 3553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If neither is specified the device may use either protocol. 3554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev msmouse,id=id`` 3556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Forward QEMU's emulated msmouse events to the guest. ``msmouse`` 3557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell does not take any options. 3558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]`` 3560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a QEMU text console. ``vc`` may optionally be given a 3561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specific size. 3562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``width`` and ``height`` specify the width and height respectively 3564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell of the console, in pixels. 3565e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cols`` and ``rows`` specify that the console be sized to fit a 3567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell text console with the given dimensions. 3568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3569e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size]`` 3570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a ring buffer with fixed size ``size``. size must be a power 3571e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell of two and defaults to ``64K``. 3572e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3573e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev file,id=id,path=path`` 3574e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Log all traffic received from the guest to a file. 3575e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3576e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the path of the file to be opened. This file will 3577e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be created if it does not already exist, and overwritten if it does. 3578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` is required. 3579e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3580e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path`` 3581e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a two-way connection to the guest. The behaviour differs 3582e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell slightly between Windows hosts and other hosts: 3583e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell On Windows, a single duplex pipe will be created at 3585e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``\\.pipe\path``. 3586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell On other hosts, 2 pipes will be created called ``path.in`` and 3588e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path.out``. Data written to ``path.in`` will be received by the 3589e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. Data written by the guest can be read from ``path.out``. QEMU 3590e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will not create these fifos, and requires them to be present. 3591e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3592e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` forms part of the pipe path as described above. ``path`` is 3593e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell required. 3594e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3595e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev console,id=id`` 3596e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Send traffic from the guest to QEMU's standard output. ``console`` 3597e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell does not take any options. 3598e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3599e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``console`` is only available on Windows hosts. 3600e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3601e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev serial,id=id,path=path`` 3602e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host. 3603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell On Unix hosts serial will actually accept any tty device, not only 3605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell serial lines. 3606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the name of the serial device to open. 3608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3609e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev pty,id=id`` 3610e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a new pseudo-terminal on the host and connect to it. ``pty`` 3611e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell does not take any options. 3612e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3613e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pty`` is not available on Windows hosts. 3614e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3615e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev stdio,id=id[,signal=on|off]`` 3616e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to standard input and standard output of the QEMU process. 3617e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3618e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``signal`` controls if signals are enabled on the terminal, that 3619e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell includes exiting QEMU with the key sequence Control-c. This option 3620e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is enabled by default, use ``signal=off`` to disable it. 3621e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3622e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev braille,id=id`` 3623e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a local BrlAPI server. ``braille`` does not take any 3624e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options. 3625e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 362609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell``-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path`` 362709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 3628e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``parallel`` is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD 3629e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell hosts. 3630e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3631e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a local parallel port. 3632e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3633e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the path to the parallel port device. ``path`` is 3634e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell required. 3635e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3636e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev spicevmc,id=id,debug=debug,name=name`` 3637e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``spicevmc`` is only available when spice support is built in. 3638e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3639e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``debug`` debug level for spicevmc 3640e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3641e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``name`` name of spice channel to connect to 3642e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3643e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a spice virtual machine channel, such as vdiport. 3644e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3645e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chardev spiceport,id=id,debug=debug,name=name`` 3646e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``spiceport`` is only available when spice support is built in. 3647e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3648e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``debug`` debug level for spicevmc 3649e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3650e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``name`` name of spice port to connect to 3651e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3652e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Connect to a spice port, allowing a Spice client to handle the 3653e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell traffic identified by a name (preferably a fqdn). 3654e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 36557273a2dbSMatthew Booth 36567273a2dbSMatthew BoothDEFHEADING() 36577273a2dbSMatthew Booth 3658d1a0cf73SStefan Berger#ifdef CONFIG_TPM 3659de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(TPM device options:) 3660d1a0cf73SStefan Berger 3661d1a0cf73SStefan BergerDEF("tpmdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev, \ 366292dcc234SStefan Berger "-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]\n" 366392dcc234SStefan Berger " use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0\n" 366492dcc234SStefan Berger " use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if\n" 3665f4ede81eSAmarnath Valluri " not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device\n" 3666f4ede81eSAmarnath Valluri "-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev\n" 3667f4ede81eSAmarnath Valluri " configure the TPM device using chardev backend\n", 3668d1a0cf73SStefan Berger QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3669e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3670e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellThe general form of a TPM device option is: 3671e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3672e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-tpmdev backend,id=id[,options]`` 3673e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The specific backend type will determine the applicable options. The 3674e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-tpmdev`` option creates the TPM backend and requires a 3675e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-device`` option that specifies the TPM frontend interface model. 3676e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3677e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-tpmdev help`` to print all available TPM backend types. 3678e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3679e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellThe available backends are: 3680e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3681e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-tpmdev passthrough,id=id,path=path,cancel-path=cancel-path`` 3682e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (Linux-host only) Enable access to the host's TPM using the 3683e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell passthrough driver. 3684e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3685e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``path`` specifies the path to the host's TPM device, i.e., on a 3686e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Linux host this would be ``/dev/tpm0``. ``path`` is optional and by 3687e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default ``/dev/tpm0`` is used. 3688e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3689e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cancel-path`` specifies the path to the host TPM device's sysfs 3690e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell entry allowing for cancellation of an ongoing TPM command. 3691e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``cancel-path`` is optional and by default QEMU will search for the 3692e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sysfs entry to use. 3693e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3694e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Some notes about using the host's TPM with the passthrough driver: 3695e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3696e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The TPM device accessed by the passthrough driver must not be used 3697e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell by any other application on the host. 3698e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3699e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Since the host's firmware (BIOS/UEFI) has already initialized the 3700e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TPM, the VM's firmware (BIOS/UEFI) will not be able to initialize 3701e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the TPM again and may therefore not show a TPM-specific menu that 3702e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell would otherwise allow the user to configure the TPM, e.g., allow the 3703e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell user to enable/disable or activate/deactivate the TPM. Further, if 3704e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TPM ownership is released from within a VM then the host's TPM will 3705e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell get disabled and deactivated. To enable and activate the TPM again 3706e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell afterwards, the host has to be rebooted and the user is required to 3707e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell enter the firmware's menu to enable and activate the TPM. If the TPM 3708e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is left disabled and/or deactivated most TPM commands will fail. 3709e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3710e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To create a passthrough TPM use the following two options: 3711e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3712e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3713e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3714e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -tpmdev passthrough,id=tpm0 -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0 3715e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3716e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that the ``-tpmdev`` id is ``tpm0`` and is referenced by 3717e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tpmdev=tpm0`` in the device option. 3718e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3719e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev`` 3720e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (Linux-host only) Enable access to a TPM emulator using Unix domain 3721e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket based chardev backend. 3722e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3723e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``chardev`` specifies the unique ID of a character device backend 3724e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that provides connection to the software TPM server. 3725e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3726e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To create a TPM emulator backend device with chardev socket backend: 3727e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3728e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3729e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3730e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=chrtpm,path=/tmp/swtpm-sock -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0 3731e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 3732d1a0cf73SStefan Berger 3733d1a0cf73SStefan BergerDEFHEADING() 3734d1a0cf73SStefan Berger 3735d1a0cf73SStefan Berger#endif 3736d1a0cf73SStefan Berger 37371235cf7dSAlex BennéeDEFHEADING(Boot Image or Kernel specific:) 3738e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 37391235cf7dSAlex BennéeThere are broadly 4 ways you can boot a system with QEMU. 3740e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 37411235cf7dSAlex Bennée - specify a firmware and let it control finding a kernel 37421235cf7dSAlex Bennée - specify a firmware and pass a hint to the kernel to boot 37431235cf7dSAlex Bennée - direct kernel image boot 37441235cf7dSAlex Bennée - manually load files into the guest's address space 37451235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37461235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe third method is useful for quickly testing kernels but as there is 37471235cf7dSAlex Bennéeno firmware to pass configuration information to the kernel the 37481235cf7dSAlex Bennéehardware must either be probeable, the kernel built for the exact 37491235cf7dSAlex Bennéeconfiguration or passed some configuration data (e.g. a DTB blob) 37501235cf7dSAlex Bennéewhich tells the kernel what drivers it needs. This exact details are 37511235cf7dSAlex Bennéeoften hardware specific. 37521235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37531235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe final method is the most generic way of loading images into the 37541235cf7dSAlex Bennéeguest address space and used mostly for ``bare metal`` type 37551235cf7dSAlex Bennéedevelopment where the reset vectors of the processor are taken into 37561235cf7dSAlex Bennéeaccount. 37571235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37581235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 37591235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37601235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 37611235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37621235cf7dSAlex BennéeFor x86 machines and some other architectures ``-bios`` will generally 37631235cf7dSAlex Bennéedo the right thing with whatever it is given. For other machines the 37641235cf7dSAlex Bennéemore strict ``-pflash`` option needs an image that is sized for the 37651235cf7dSAlex Bennéeflash device for the given machine type. 37661235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37671235cf7dSAlex BennéePlease see the :ref:`system-targets-ref` section of the manual for 37681235cf7dSAlex Bennéemore detailed documentation. 37691235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37701235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 37711235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37721235cf7dSAlex BennéeDEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \ 37731235cf7dSAlex Bennée "-bios file set the filename for the BIOS\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 37741235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 37751235cf7dSAlex Bennée``-bios file`` 37761235cf7dSAlex Bennée Set the filename for the BIOS. 37771235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 37781235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37791235cf7dSAlex BennéeDEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash, 37801235cf7dSAlex Bennée "-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 37811235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 37821235cf7dSAlex Bennée``-pflash file`` 37831235cf7dSAlex Bennée Use file as a parallel flash image. 37841235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 37851235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37861235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 37871235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37881235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe kernel options were designed to work with Linux kernels although 37891235cf7dSAlex Bennéeother things (like hypervisors) can be packaged up as a kernel 37901235cf7dSAlex Bennéeexecutable image. The exact format of a executable image is usually 37911235cf7dSAlex Bennéearchitecture specific. 37921235cf7dSAlex Bennée 37931235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe way in which the kernel is started (what address it is loaded at, 37941235cf7dSAlex Bennéewhat if any information is passed to it via CPU registers, the state 37951235cf7dSAlex Bennéeof the hardware when it is started, and so on) is also architecture 37961235cf7dSAlex Bennéespecific. Typically it follows the specification laid down by the 37971235cf7dSAlex BennéeLinux kernel for how kernels for that architecture must be started. 3798e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3799e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 38005824d651Sblueswir1 38015824d651Sblueswir1DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \ 3802ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3803e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3804e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-kernel bzImage`` 3805e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use bzImage as kernel image. The kernel can be either a Linux kernel 3806e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or in multiboot format. 3807e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 38085824d651Sblueswir1 38095824d651Sblueswir1DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \ 3810ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3811e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3812e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-append cmdline`` 3813e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use cmdline as kernel command line 3814e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 38155824d651Sblueswir1 38165824d651Sblueswir1DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \ 3817ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3818e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3819e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-initrd file`` 3820e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as initial ram disk. 3821e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3822e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-initrd "file1 arg=foo,file2"`` 3823e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This syntax is only available with multiboot. 3824e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3825e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file1 and file2 as modules and pass arg=foo as parameter to the 3826e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell first module. 3827e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 38285824d651Sblueswir1 3829412beee6SGrant LikelyDEF("dtb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_dtb, \ 3830379b5c7cSPeter A. G. Crosthwaite "-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3831e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3832e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-dtb file`` 3833e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use file as a device tree binary (dtb) image and pass it to the 3834e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell kernel on boot. 3835e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 3836412beee6SGrant Likely 38371235cf7dSAlex BennéeSRST 38381235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38391235cf7dSAlex BennéeFinally you can also manually load images directly into the address 38401235cf7dSAlex Bennéespace of the guest. This is most useful for developers who already 38411235cf7dSAlex Bennéeknow the layout of their guest and take care to ensure something sane 38421235cf7dSAlex Bennéewill happen when the reset vector executes. 38431235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38441235cf7dSAlex BennéeThe generic loader can be invoked by using the loader device: 38451235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38461235cf7dSAlex Bennée``-device loader,addr=<addr>,data=<data>,data-len=<data-len>[,data-be=<data-be>][,cpu-num=<cpu-num>]`` 38471235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38481235cf7dSAlex Bennéethere is also the guest loader which operates in a similar way but 38491235cf7dSAlex Bennéetweaks the DTB so a hypervisor loaded via ``-kernel`` can find where 38501235cf7dSAlex Bennéethe guest image is: 38511235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38521235cf7dSAlex Bennée``-device guest-loader,addr=<addr>[,kernel=<path>,[bootargs=<arguments>]][,initrd=<path>]`` 38531235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38541235cf7dSAlex BennéeERST 38551235cf7dSAlex Bennée 38565824d651Sblueswir1DEFHEADING() 38575824d651Sblueswir1 3858de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:) 38595824d651Sblueswir1 38606dd75472SMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("compat", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_compat, 3861dbb675c1SMarkus Armbruster "-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]\n" 386257df0dffSMarkus Armbruster " Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces\n" 386357df0dffSMarkus Armbruster "-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]\n" 386457df0dffSMarkus Armbruster " Policy for handling unstable management interfaces\n", 38656dd75472SMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 38666dd75472SMarkus ArmbrusterSRST 38676dd75472SMarkus Armbruster``-compat [deprecated-input=@var{input-policy}][,deprecated-output=@var{output-policy}]`` 38686dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Set policy for handling deprecated management interfaces (experimental): 38696dd75472SMarkus Armbruster 38706dd75472SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-input=accept`` (default) 38716dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Accept deprecated commands and arguments 38726dd75472SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-input=reject`` 38736dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Reject deprecated commands and arguments 3874dbb675c1SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-input=crash`` 3875dbb675c1SMarkus Armbruster Crash on deprecated commands and arguments 38766dd75472SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-output=accept`` (default) 38776dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Emit deprecated command results and events 38786dd75472SMarkus Armbruster ``deprecated-output=hide`` 38796dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Suppress deprecated command results and events 38806dd75472SMarkus Armbruster 38816dd75472SMarkus Armbruster Limitation: covers only syntactic aspects of QMP. 388257df0dffSMarkus Armbruster 388357df0dffSMarkus Armbruster``-compat [unstable-input=@var{input-policy}][,unstable-output=@var{output-policy}]`` 388457df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Set policy for handling unstable management interfaces (experimental): 388557df0dffSMarkus Armbruster 388657df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-input=accept`` (default) 388757df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Accept unstable commands and arguments 388857df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-input=reject`` 388957df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Reject unstable commands and arguments 389057df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-input=crash`` 389157df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Crash on unstable commands and arguments 389257df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-output=accept`` (default) 389357df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Emit unstable command results and events 389457df0dffSMarkus Armbruster ``unstable-output=hide`` 389557df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Suppress unstable command results and events 389657df0dffSMarkus Armbruster 389757df0dffSMarkus Armbruster Limitation: covers only syntactic aspects of QMP. 38986dd75472SMarkus ArmbrusterERST 38996dd75472SMarkus Armbruster 390081b2b810SGabriel L. SomloDEF("fw_cfg", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg, 390181b2b810SGabriel L. Somlo "-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>\n" 390263d3145aSMarkus Armbruster " add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file\n" 39036407d76eSGabriel L. Somlo "-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>\n" 390463d3145aSMarkus Armbruster " add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string\n", 390581b2b810SGabriel L. Somlo QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3906e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3907e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-fw_cfg [name=]name,file=file`` 3908e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add named fw\_cfg entry with contents from file file. 3909e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3910e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-fw_cfg [name=]name,string=str`` 3911e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Add named fw\_cfg entry with contents from string str. 3912e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3913e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The terminating NUL character of the contents of str will not be 3914e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell included as part of the fw\_cfg item data. To insert contents with 3915e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell embedded NUL characters, you have to use the file parameter. 3916e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3917e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The fw\_cfg entries are passed by QEMU through to the guest. 3918e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3919e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Example: 3920e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3921e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3922e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3923e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -fw_cfg name=opt/com.mycompany/blob,file=./my_blob.bin 3924e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3925e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell creates an fw\_cfg entry named opt/com.mycompany/blob with contents 3926e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from ./my\_blob.bin. 3927e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 392881b2b810SGabriel L. Somlo 39295824d651Sblueswir1DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \ 3930ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n", 3931ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 3932e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 3933e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-serial dev`` 3934e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device dev. The 3935e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default device is ``vc`` in graphical mode and ``stdio`` in non 3936e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell graphical mode. 3937e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3938e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial 3939e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ports. 3940e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3941e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-serial none`` to disable all serial ports. 3942e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3943e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Available character devices are: 3944e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3945e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``vc[:WxH]`` 3946e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in 3947e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pixel with 3948e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3949e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3950e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3951e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vc:800x600 3952e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3953e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell It is also possible to specify width or height in characters: 3954e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3955e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 3956e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3957e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vc:80Cx24C 3958e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3959e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pty`` 3960e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated) 3961e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3962e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``none`` 3963e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell No device is allocated. 3964e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3965e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``null`` 3966e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell void device 3967e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3968e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``chardev:id`` 3969e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use a named character device defined with the ``-chardev`` 3970e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. 3971e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3972e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/dev/XXX`` 3973e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. ``/dev/ttyS0``. The host serial 3974e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port parameters are set according to the emulated ones. 3975e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3976e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/dev/parportN`` 3977e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port N. 3978e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used. 3979e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file:filename`` 3981e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Write output to filename. No character can be read. 3982e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3983e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``stdio`` 3984e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Unix only] standard input/output 3985e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3986e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``pipe:filename`` 3987e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell name pipe filename 3988e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3989e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``COMn`` 3990e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [Windows only] Use host serial port n 3991e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3992e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``udp:[remote_host]:remote_port[@[src_ip]:src_port]`` 3993e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This implements UDP Net Console. When remote\_host or src\_ip 3994e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell are not specified they default to ``0.0.0.0``. When not using a 3995e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified src\_port a random port is automatically chosen. 3996e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 3997e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you just want a simple readonly console you can use 3998e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``netcat`` or ``nc``, by starting QEMU with: 3999e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-serial udp::4555`` and nc as: ``nc -u -l -p 4555``. Any time 4000e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU writes something to that port it will appear in the 4001e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netconsole session. 4002e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want 4004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to stop and start QEMU a lot of times, you should have QEMU use 4005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the same source port each time by using something like ``-serial 4006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell udp::4555@:4556`` to QEMU. Another approach is to use a patched 4007e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and 4008e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell receive characters via udp. If you have a patched version of 4009e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netcat which activates telnet remote echo and single char 4010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell transfer, then you can use the following options to set up a 4011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netcat redirector to allow telnet on port 5555 to access the 4012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU port. 4013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4014e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``QEMU Options:`` 4015e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial udp::4555@:4556 4016e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4017e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``netcat options:`` 4018e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T 4019e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4020e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``telnet options:`` 4021e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell localhost 5555 4022e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4023a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``tcp:[host]:port[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,nodelay=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]`` 4024e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send the 4025e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell serial I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a 4026e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell location. By default the TCP Net Console is sent to host at the 4027bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé port. If you use the ``server=on`` option QEMU will wait for a client 4028e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell socket application to connect to the port before continuing, 4029a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini unless the ``wait=on|off`` option was specified. The ``nodelay=on|off`` 4030bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé option disables the Nagle buffering algorithm. The ``reconnect=on`` 4031bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé option only applies if ``server=no`` is set, if the connection goes 4032e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell down it will attempt to reconnect at the given interval. If host 4033e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only one TCP connection at a 4034bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé time is accepted. You can use ``telnet=on`` to connect to the 4035e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell corresponding character device. 4036e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4037e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444`` 4038e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444 4039e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection`` 4041bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -serial tcp::4444,server=on 4042e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4043e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444`` 4044bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server=on,wait=off 4045e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4046a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``telnet:host:port[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]`` 4047e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The 4048e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options work the same as if you had specified ``-serial tcp``. 4049e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or 4050e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell client using telnet option negotiation. This will also allow you 4051e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to send the MAGIC\_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that 4052e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supports sending the break sequence. Typically in unix telnet 4053e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell you do it with Control-] and then type "send break" followed by 4054e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pressing the enter key. 4055e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4056a9b1315fSPaolo Bonzini ``websocket:host:port,server=on[,wait=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]`` 4057e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The WebSocket protocol is used instead of raw tcp socket. The 4058e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port acts as a WebSocket server. Client mode is not supported. 4059e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4060bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``unix:path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]`` 4061e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The option 4062e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell works the same as if you had specified ``-serial tcp`` except 4063e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the unix domain socket path is used for connections. 4064e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4065e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mon:dev_string`` 4066e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed 4067e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell onto another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key 4068e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sequence of Control-a and then pressing c. dev\_string should be 4069e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell any one of the serial devices specified above. An example to 4070e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server listening on port 4071e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4444 would be: 4072e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4073bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé ``-serial mon:telnet::4444,server=on,wait=off`` 4074e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4075e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When the monitor is multiplexed to stdio in this way, Ctrl+C 4076e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will not terminate QEMU any more but will be passed to the guest 4077e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instead. 4078e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4079e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``braille`` 4080e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille 4081e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell output on a real or fake device. 4082e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4083e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``msmouse`` 4084e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft 4085e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell protocol. 4086e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 40875824d651Sblueswir1 40885824d651Sblueswir1DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \ 4089ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n", 4090ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4091e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4092e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-parallel dev`` 4093e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device dev (same devices 4094e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell as the serial port). On Linux hosts, ``/dev/parportN`` can be used 4095e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host parallel 4096e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port. 4097e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4098e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel 4099e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ports. 4100e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4101e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Use ``-parallel none`` to disable all parallel ports. 4102e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41035824d651Sblueswir1 41045824d651Sblueswir1DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \ 4105ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n", 4106ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4107e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4108e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-monitor dev`` 4109e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect the monitor to host device dev (same devices as the serial 4110e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port). The default device is ``vc`` in graphical mode and ``stdio`` 4111e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell in non graphical mode. Use ``-monitor none`` to disable the default 4112e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell monitor. 4113e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41146ca5582dSGerd HoffmannDEF("qmp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp, \ 4115ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode\n", 4116ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4117e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4118e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-qmp dev`` 4119e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode. 4120e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41214821cd4cSMax ReitzDEF("qmp-pretty", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty, \ 41224821cd4cSMax Reitz "-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting\n", 41234821cd4cSMax Reitz QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4124e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4125e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-qmp-pretty dev`` 4126e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting. 4127e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41285824d651Sblueswir1 412922a0e04bSGerd HoffmannDEF("mon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mon, \ 4130ef670726SVicente Jimenez Aguilar "-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4131e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4132e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]`` 413316b3f3bbSAli Shirvani Setup monitor on chardev name. ``mode=control`` configures 413416b3f3bbSAli Shirvani a QMP monitor (a JSON RPC-style protocol) and it is not the 413516b3f3bbSAli Shirvani same as HMP, the human monitor that has a "(qemu)" prompt. 413616b3f3bbSAli Shirvani ``pretty`` is only valid when ``mode=control``, 413716b3f3bbSAli Shirvani turning on JSON pretty printing to ease 4138283d845cSDaniel P. Berrangé human reading and debugging. 4139e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 414022a0e04bSGerd Hoffmann 4141c9f398e5SH. Peter AnvinDEF("debugcon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_debugcon, \ 4142ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'\n", 4143ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4144e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4145e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-debugcon dev`` 4146e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Redirect the debug console to host device dev (same devices as the 4147e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell serial port). The debug console is an I/O port which is typically 4148e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell port 0xe9; writing to that I/O port sends output to this device. The 4149e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default device is ``vc`` in graphical mode and ``stdio`` in non 4150e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell graphical mode. 4151e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4152c9f398e5SH. Peter Anvin 41535824d651Sblueswir1DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \ 4154ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-pidfile file write PID to 'file'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4155e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4156e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-pidfile file`` 4157e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Store the QEMU process PID in file. It is useful if you launch QEMU 4158e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from a script. 4159e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41605824d651Sblueswir1 41611b530a6dSaurel32DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \ 4162ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-singlestep always run in singlestep mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4163e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4164e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-singlestep`` 4165e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Run the emulation in single step mode. 4166e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41671b530a6dSaurel32 4168047f7038SIgor MammedovDEF("preconfig", 0, QEMU_OPTION_preconfig, \ 4169361ac948SMarkus Armbruster "--preconfig pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)\n", 4170047f7038SIgor Mammedov QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4171e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4172e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``--preconfig`` 4173e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Pause QEMU for interactive configuration before the machine is 4174e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell created, which allows querying and configuring properties that will 4175e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell affect machine initialization. Use QMP command 'x-exit-preconfig' to 4176e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell exit the preconfig state and move to the next state (i.e. run guest 4177e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell if -S isn't used or pause the second time if -S is used). This 4178e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option is experimental. 4179e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4180047f7038SIgor Mammedov 41815824d651Sblueswir1DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \ 4182ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n", 4183ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4184e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4185e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-S`` 4186e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor). 4187e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 41885824d651Sblueswir1 41896f131f13SMichael S. TsirkinDEF("overcommit", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_overcommit, 4190dfaa7d50SBALATON Zoltan "-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]\n" 41916f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin " run qemu with overcommit hints\n" 41926f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin " mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)\n" 41936f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin " cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)\n", 41946f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4195e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4196e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-overcommit mem-lock=on|off`` 419709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 4198e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-overcommit cpu-pm=on|off`` 4199e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Run qemu with hints about host resource overcommit. The default is 4200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to assume that host overcommits all resources. 4201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Locking qemu and guest memory can be enabled via ``mem-lock=on`` 4203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (disabled by default). This works when host memory is not 4204c8c9dc42SThomas Huth overcommitted and reduces the worst-case latency for guest. 4205e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Guest ability to manage power state of host cpus (increasing latency 4207e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for other processes on the same host cpu, but decreasing latency for 4208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest) can be enabled via ``cpu-pm=on`` (disabled by default). This 4209e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell works best when host CPU is not overcommitted. When used, host 4210e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell estimates of CPU cycle and power utilization will be incorrect, not 4211e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell taking into account guest idle time. 4212e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42136f131f13SMichael S. Tsirkin 421459030a8cSaliguoriDEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \ 4215e5910d42SPeter Maydell "-gdb dev accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting\n" 4216e5910d42SPeter Maydell " the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too\n" 4217e5910d42SPeter Maydell " if you want it to not start execution.)\n", 4218e5910d42SPeter Maydell QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4219e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4220e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-gdb dev`` 4221923e9311SThomas Huth Accept a gdb connection on device dev (see the :ref:`GDB usage` chapter 4222923e9311SThomas Huth in the System Emulation Users Guide). Note that this option does not pause QEMU 4223e5910d42SPeter Maydell execution -- if you want QEMU to not start the guest until you 4224e5910d42SPeter Maydell connect with gdb and issue a ``continue`` command, you will need to 4225e5910d42SPeter Maydell also pass the ``-S`` option to QEMU. 4226e5910d42SPeter Maydell 4227e5910d42SPeter Maydell The most usual configuration is to listen on a local TCP socket:: 4228e5910d42SPeter Maydell 4229e5910d42SPeter Maydell -gdb tcp::3117 4230e5910d42SPeter Maydell 4231e5910d42SPeter Maydell but you can specify other backends; UDP, pseudo TTY, or even stdio 4232e5910d42SPeter Maydell are all reasonable use cases. For example, a stdio connection 4233e5910d42SPeter Maydell allows you to start QEMU from within gdb and establish the 4234e5910d42SPeter Maydell connection via a pipe: 4235e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 423609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 4237e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4238e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (gdb) target remote | exec |qemu_system| -gdb stdio ... 4239e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42405824d651Sblueswir1 424159030a8cSaliguoriDEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \ 4242ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT "\n", 4243ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4244e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4245e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-s`` 4246e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234 4247923e9311SThomas Huth (see the :ref:`GDB usage` chapter in the System Emulation Users Guide). 4248e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42495824d651Sblueswir1 42505824d651Sblueswir1DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \ 4251989b697dSPeter Maydell "-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)\n", 4252ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4253e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4254e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-d item1[,...]`` 4255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable logging of specified items. Use '-d help' for a list of log 4256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell items. 4257e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42585824d651Sblueswir1 4259c235d738SMatthew FernandezDEF("D", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_D, \ 4260989b697dSPeter Maydell "-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr)\n", 4261c235d738SMatthew Fernandez QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4262e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-D logfile`` 4264e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Output log in logfile instead of to stderr 4265e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4266c235d738SMatthew Fernandez 42673514552eSAlex BennéeDEF("dfilter", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER, \ 42683514552eSAlex Bennée "-dfilter range,.. filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)\n", 42693514552eSAlex Bennée QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4270e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4271e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-dfilter range1[,...]`` 4272e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Filter debug output to that relevant to a range of target addresses. 4273e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The filter spec can be either start+size, start-size or start..end 4274e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell where start end and size are the addresses and sizes required. For 4275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell example: 4276e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4277e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 4278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4279e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -dfilter 0x8000..0x8fff,0xffffffc000080000+0x200,0xffffffc000060000-0x1000 4280e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Will dump output for any code in the 0x1000 sized block starting at 4282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 0x8000 and the 0x200 sized block starting at 0xffffffc000080000 and 4283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell another 0x1000 sized block starting at 0xffffffc00005f000. 4284e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42853514552eSAlex Bennée 42869c09a251SRichard HendersonDEF("seed", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_seed, \ 42879c09a251SRichard Henderson "-seed number seed the pseudo-random number generator\n", 42889c09a251SRichard Henderson QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4289e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-seed number`` 4291e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Force the guest to use a deterministic pseudo-random number 4292e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell generator, seeded with number. This does not affect crypto routines 4293e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell within the host. 4294e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 42959c09a251SRichard Henderson 42965824d651Sblueswir1DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \ 4297ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n", 4298ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4299e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-L path`` 4301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps. 4302e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4303e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell To list all the data directories, use ``-L help``. 4304e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43055824d651Sblueswir1 43065824d651Sblueswir1DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \ 430721abf010SThomas Huth "-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support\n", 430821abf010SThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_I386 | QEMU_ARCH_MIPS | QEMU_ARCH_PPC | 430921abf010SThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_RISCV | QEMU_ARCH_S390X) 4310e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4311e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-enable-kvm`` 4312e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only 4313e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell available if KVM support is enabled when compiling. 4314e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43155824d651Sblueswir1 4316e37630caSaliguoriDEF("xen-domid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid, 4317eeb3647cSThomas Huth "-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id\n", 4318eeb3647cSThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_I386) 4319e37630caSaliguoriDEF("xen-attach", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach, 4320e37630caSaliguori "-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain\n" 43211077bcacSAnthony PERARD " libxl will use this when starting QEMU\n", 4322eeb3647cSThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_I386) 43231c599472SPaul DurrantDEF("xen-domid-restrict", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict, 43241c599472SPaul Durrant "-xen-domid-restrict restrict set of available xen operations\n" 43251c599472SPaul Durrant " to specified domain id. (Does not affect\n" 43261c599472SPaul Durrant " xenpv machine type).\n", 4327eeb3647cSThomas Huth QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_I386) 4328e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-xen-domid id`` 4330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify xen guest domain id (XEN only). 4331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-xen-attach`` 4333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Attach to existing xen domain. libxl will use this when starting 4334e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU (XEN only). Restrict set of available xen operations to 4335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified domain id (XEN only). 4336e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4337e37630caSaliguori 43385824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \ 4339ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4340e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4341e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-reboot`` 4342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Exit instead of rebooting. 4343e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43445824d651Sblueswir1 43455824d651Sblueswir1DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \ 4346ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-no-shutdown stop before shutdown\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4347e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-shutdown`` 4349e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the 4350e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulation. This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit 4351e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell changes to the disk image. 4352e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43535824d651Sblueswir1 43542a5ad60bSAlejandro JimenezDEF("action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_action, 4355c27025e0SPaolo Bonzini "-action reboot=reset|shutdown\n" 4356c27025e0SPaolo Bonzini " action when guest reboots [default=reset]\n" 43572a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez "-action shutdown=poweroff|pause\n" 43582a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez " action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]\n" 43590882caf4SIlya Leoshkevich "-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none\n" 4360c27025e0SPaolo Bonzini " action when guest panics [default=shutdown]\n" 43612a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez "-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none\n" 43622a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez " action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n", 43632a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 43642a5ad60bSAlejandro JimenezSRST 43652a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez``-action event=action`` 43662a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez The action parameter serves to modify QEMU's default behavior when 43672a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez certain guest events occur. It provides a generic method for specifying the 43682a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez same behaviors that are modified by the ``-no-reboot`` and ``-no-shutdown`` 43692a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez parameters. 43702a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez 43712a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez Examples: 43722a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez 4373c753e8e7SAlejandro Jimenez ``-action panic=none`` 43742a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez ``-action reboot=shutdown,shutdown=pause`` 43755433af76SPaolo Bonzini ``-device i6300esb -action watchdog=pause`` 43762a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez 43772a5ad60bSAlejandro JimenezERST 43782a5ad60bSAlejandro Jimenez 43795824d651Sblueswir1DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \ 43805824d651Sblueswir1 "-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \ 4381ad96090aSBlue Swirl " start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n", 4382ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4383e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-loadvm file`` 4385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Start right away with a saved state (``loadvm`` in monitor) 4386e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 43875824d651Sblueswir1 43885824d651Sblueswir1#ifndef _WIN32 43895824d651Sblueswir1DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \ 4390ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 43915824d651Sblueswir1#endif 4392e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4393e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-daemonize`` 4394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not 4395e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell detach from standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on 4396e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell any of its devices. This option is a useful way for external 4397e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell programs to launch QEMU without having to cope with initialization 4398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell race conditions. 4399e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44005824d651Sblueswir1 44015824d651Sblueswir1DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \ 4402ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n", 4403ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4404e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-option-rom file`` 4406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Load the contents of file as an option ROM. This option is useful to 4407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell load things like EtherBoot. 4408e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44095824d651Sblueswir1 44101ed2fc1fSJan KiszkaDEF("rtc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rtc, \ 4411238d1240SArtem Pisarenko "-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]\n" \ 4412ad96090aSBlue Swirl " set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)\n", 4413ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 44141ed2fc1fSJan Kiszka 4415e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4416e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-rtc [base=utc|localtime|datetime][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]`` 4417e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Specify ``base`` as ``utc`` or ``localtime`` to let the RTC start at 4418e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the current UTC or local time, respectively. ``localtime`` is 4419e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell required for correct date in MS-DOS or Windows. To start at a 4420e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specific point in time, provide datetime in the format 4421e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``2006-06-17T16:01:21`` or ``2006-06-17``. The default base is UTC. 4422e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4423e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell By default the RTC is driven by the host system time. This allows 4424e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using of the RTC as accurate reference clock inside the guest, 4425e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specifically if the host time is smoothly following an accurate 4426e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell external reference clock, e.g. via NTP. If you want to isolate the 4427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest time from the host, you can set ``clock`` to ``rt`` instead, 4428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which provides a host monotonic clock if host support it. To even 4429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell prevent the RTC from progressing during suspension, you can set 4430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``clock`` to ``vm`` (virtual clock). '\ ``clock=vm``\ ' is 4431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell recommended especially in icount mode in order to preserve 4432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell determinism; however, note that in icount mode the speed of the 4433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell virtual clock is variable and can in general differ from the host 4434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell clock. 4435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable ``driftfix`` (i386 targets only) if you experience time drift 4437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell problems, specifically with Windows' ACPI HAL. This option will try 4438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to figure out how many timer interrupts were not processed by the 4439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Windows guest and will re-inject them. 4440e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44415824d651Sblueswir1 44425824d651Sblueswir1DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \ 4443fa647905SPeter Maydell "-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]\n" \ 4444bc14ca24Saliguori " enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \ 4445f1f4b57eSVictor CLEMENT " instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks\n" \ 4446fa647905SPeter Maydell " or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable\n" \ 4447fa647905SPeter Maydell " record-and-replay mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4448e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4449fa647905SPeter Maydell``-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=filename[,rrsnapshot=snapshot]]`` 4450e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute one 4451e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell instruction every 2^N ns of virtual time. If ``auto`` is specified 4452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep 4453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell virtual time within a few seconds of real time. 4454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does 4456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell not provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain 4457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell superscalar out of order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The 4458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell number of instructions executed often has little or no correlation 4459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with actual performance. 4460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4461fa647905SPeter Maydell When the virtual cpu is sleeping, the virtual time will advance at 4462fa647905SPeter Maydell default speed unless ``sleep=on`` is specified. With 4463fa647905SPeter Maydell ``sleep=on``, the virtual time will jump to the next timer 4464fa647905SPeter Maydell deadline instantly whenever the virtual cpu goes to sleep mode and 4465fa647905SPeter Maydell will not advance if no timer is enabled. This behavior gives 4466fa647905SPeter Maydell deterministic execution times from the guest point of view. 4467fa647905SPeter Maydell The default if icount is enabled is ``sleep=off``. 4468fa647905SPeter Maydell ``sleep=on`` cannot be used together with either ``shift=auto`` 4469fa647905SPeter Maydell or ``align=on``. 4470fa647905SPeter Maydell 4471e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``align=on`` will activate the delay algorithm which will try to 4472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell synchronise the host clock and the virtual clock. The goal is to 4473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell have a guest running at the real frequency imposed by the shift 4474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. Whenever the guest clock is behind the host clock and if 4475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``align=on`` is specified then we print a message to the user to 4476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell inform about the delay. Currently this option does not work when 4477e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``shift`` is ``auto``. Note: The sync algorithm will work for those 4478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell shift values for which the guest clock runs ahead of the host clock. 4479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Typically this happens when the shift value is high (how high 4480fa647905SPeter Maydell depends on the host machine). The default if icount is enabled 4481fa647905SPeter Maydell is ``align=off``. 4482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4483fa647905SPeter Maydell When the ``rr`` option is specified deterministic record/replay is 4484fa647905SPeter Maydell enabled. The ``rrfile=`` option must also be provided to 4485fa647905SPeter Maydell specify the path to the replay log. In record mode data is written 4486fa647905SPeter Maydell to this file, and in replay mode it is read back. 4487fa647905SPeter Maydell If the ``rrsnapshot`` option is given then it specifies a VM snapshot 4488fa647905SPeter Maydell name. In record mode, a new VM snapshot with the given name is created 4489fa647905SPeter Maydell at the start of execution recording. In replay mode this option 4490fa647905SPeter Maydell specifies the snapshot name used to load the initial VM state. 4491e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 44925824d651Sblueswir1 44939dd986ccSRichard W.M. JonesDEF("watchdog-action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action, \ 44947ad9270eSMarkus Armbruster "-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none\n" \ 4495ad96090aSBlue Swirl " action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n", 4496ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4497e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-watchdog-action action`` 4499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The action controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer 4500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell expires. The default is ``reset`` (forcefully reset the guest). 4501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Other possible actions are: ``shutdown`` (attempt to gracefully 4502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell shutdown the guest), ``poweroff`` (forcefully poweroff the guest), 4503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``inject-nmi`` (inject a NMI into the guest), ``pause`` (pause the 4504e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest), ``debug`` (print a debug message and continue), or ``none`` 4505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (do nothing). 4506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that the ``shutdown`` action requires that the guest responds 4508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to ACPI signals, which it may not be able to do in the sort of 4509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell situations where the watchdog would have expired, and thus 4510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-watchdog-action shutdown`` is not recommended for production use. 4511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Examples: 4513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 45145433af76SPaolo Bonzini ``-device i6300esb -watchdog-action pause`` 4515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4516e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 45179dd986ccSRichard W.M. Jones 45185824d651Sblueswir1DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \ 4519ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n", 4520ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4521e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4522e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-echr numeric_ascii_value`` 4523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when 4524e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using monitor and serial sharing. The default is ``0x01`` when using 4525e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the ``-nographic`` option. ``0x01`` is equal to pressing 4526e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``Control-a``. You can select a different character from the ascii 4527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. 4528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For instance you could use the either of the following to change the 4529e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell escape character to Control-t. 4530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-echr 0x14``; \ ``-echr 20`` 4532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4533e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 45345824d651Sblueswir1 45355824d651Sblueswir1DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \ 4536bf24095fSDaniel P. Berrangé "-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]\n" \ 4537bf24095fSDaniel P. Berrangé "-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]\n" \ 45387c601803SMichael Tokarev "-incoming unix:socketpath\n" \ 45397c601803SMichael Tokarev " prepare for incoming migration, listen on\n" \ 45407c601803SMichael Tokarev " specified protocol and socket address\n" \ 45417c601803SMichael Tokarev "-incoming fd:fd\n" \ 45427c601803SMichael Tokarev "-incoming exec:cmdline\n" \ 45437c601803SMichael Tokarev " accept incoming migration on given file descriptor\n" \ 45441597051bSDr. David Alan Gilbert " or from given external command\n" \ 45451597051bSDr. David Alan Gilbert "-incoming defer\n" \ 45461597051bSDr. David Alan Gilbert " wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming\n", 4547ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4548e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4549bf24095fSDaniel P. Berrangé``-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]`` 455009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 4551bf24095fSDaniel P. Berrangé``-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]`` 4552e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Prepare for incoming migration, listen on a given tcp port. 4553e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-incoming unix:socketpath`` 4555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Prepare for incoming migration, listen on a given unix socket. 4556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-incoming fd:fd`` 4558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accept incoming migration from a given filedescriptor. 4559e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-incoming exec:cmdline`` 4561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Accept incoming migration as an output from specified external 4562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell command. 4563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-incoming defer`` 4565e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Wait for the URI to be specified via migrate\_incoming. The monitor 4566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be used to change settings (such as migration parameters) prior 4567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to issuing the migrate\_incoming to allow the migration to begin. 4568e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 45695824d651Sblueswir1 4570d15c05fcSAshijeet AcharyaDEF("only-migratable", 0, QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable, \ 4571d15c05fcSAshijeet Acharya "-only-migratable allow only migratable devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4572e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4573e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-only-migratable`` 4574e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Only allow migratable devices. Devices will not be allowed to enter 4575e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell an unmigratable state. 4576e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4577d15c05fcSAshijeet Acharya 4578d8c208ddSGerd HoffmannDEF("nodefaults", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults, \ 4579ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-nodefaults don't create default devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4580e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4581e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-nodefaults`` 4582e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Don't create default devices. Normally, QEMU sets the default 4583e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell devices like serial port, parallel port, virtual console, monitor 4584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device, VGA adapter, floppy and CD-ROM drive and others. The 4585e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-nodefaults`` option will disable all those default devices. 4586e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4587d8c208ddSGerd Hoffmann 45885824d651Sblueswir1#ifndef _WIN32 45895824d651Sblueswir1DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \ 4590ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM\n", 4591ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 45925824d651Sblueswir1#endif 4593e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4594e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-chroot dir`` 4595e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified 4596e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas. 4597e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 45985824d651Sblueswir1 45995824d651Sblueswir1#ifndef _WIN32 46005824d651Sblueswir1DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \ 46012c42f1e8SIan Jackson "-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n" \ 46022c42f1e8SIan Jackson " user can be numeric uid:gid instead\n", 4603ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 46045824d651Sblueswir1#endif 4605e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4606e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-runas user`` 4607e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, 4608e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell switching to the specified user. 4609e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 46105824d651Sblueswir1 46115824d651Sblueswir1DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env, 46125824d651Sblueswir1 "-prom-env variable=value\n" 4613ad96090aSBlue Swirl " set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n", 4614ad96090aSBlue Swirl QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC) 4615e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4616e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-prom-env variable=value`` 4617e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Set OpenBIOS nvram variable to given value (PPC, SPARC only). 4618e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4619e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 4620e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4621e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell qemu-system-sparc -prom-env 'auto-boot?=false' \ 4622e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -prom-env 'boot-device=sd(0,2,0):d' -prom-env 'boot-args=linux single' 4623e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4624e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 4625e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4626e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell qemu-system-ppc -prom-env 'auto-boot?=false' \ 4627e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -prom-env 'boot-device=hd:2,\yaboot' \ 4628e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -prom-env 'boot-args=conf=hd:2,\yaboot.conf' 4629e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 46305824d651Sblueswir1DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting, 4631f7bbcfb5SMichael Walle "-semihosting semihosting mode\n", 46329d49bcf6SMarkus Armbruster QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA | 4633a10b9d93SKeith Packard QEMU_ARCH_MIPS | QEMU_ARCH_NIOS2 | QEMU_ARCH_RISCV) 4634e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4635e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-semihosting`` 4636*2da9d213SAlex Bennée Enable :ref:`Semihosting` mode (ARM, M68K, Xtensa, MIPS, Nios II, RISC-V only). 4637e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4638*2da9d213SAlex Bennée .. warning:: 4639e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that this allows guest direct access to the host filesystem, so 4640e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should only be used with a trusted guest OS. 4641e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4642e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell See the -semihosting-config option documentation for further 4643e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell information about the facilities this enables. 4644e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4645a38bb079SLiviu IonescuDEF("semihosting-config", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config, 46465202861bSPeter Maydell "-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]\n" \ 4647a59d31a1SLeon Alrae " semihosting configuration\n", 46489d49bcf6SMarkus ArmbrusterQEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA | 4649a10b9d93SKeith PackardQEMU_ARCH_MIPS | QEMU_ARCH_NIOS2 | QEMU_ARCH_RISCV) 4650e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 46515202861bSPeter Maydell``-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]`` 4652*2da9d213SAlex Bennée Enable and configure :ref:`Semihosting` (ARM, M68K, Xtensa, MIPS, Nios II, RISC-V 4653e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell only). 4654e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4655*2da9d213SAlex Bennée .. warning:: 4656e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note that this allows guest direct access to the host filesystem, so 4657e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell should only be used with a trusted guest OS. 4658e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4659e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``target=native|gdb|auto`` 4660e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Defines where the semihosting calls will be addressed, to QEMU 4661e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (``native``) or to GDB (``gdb``). The default is ``auto``, which 4662e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell means ``gdb`` during debug sessions and ``native`` otherwise. 4663e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4664e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``chardev=str1`` 4665e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Send the output to a chardev backend output for native or auto 4666e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell output when not in gdb 4667e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 46685202861bSPeter Maydell ``userspace=on|off`` 46695202861bSPeter Maydell Allows code running in guest userspace to access the semihosting 46705202861bSPeter Maydell interface. The default is that only privileged guest code can 46715202861bSPeter Maydell make semihosting calls. Note that setting ``userspace=on`` should 46725202861bSPeter Maydell only be used if all guest code is trusted (for example, in 46735202861bSPeter Maydell bare-metal test case code). 46745202861bSPeter Maydell 4675e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``arg=str1,arg=str2,...`` 4676e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Allows the user to pass input arguments, and can be used 4677e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell multiple times to build up a list. The old-style 4678e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-kernel``/``-append`` method of passing a command line is 4679e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell still supported for backward compatibility. If both the 4680e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``--semihosting-config arg`` and the ``-kernel``/``-append`` are 4681e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified, the former is passed to semihosting as it always 4682e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell takes precedence. 4683e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 46845824d651Sblueswir1DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param, 4685ad96090aSBlue Swirl "-old-param old param mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM) 4686e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4687e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-old-param`` 4688e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Old param mode (ARM only). 4689e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 469095d5f08bSStefan Weil 46917d76ad4fSEduardo OtuboDEF("sandbox", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sandbox, \ 469273a1e647SEduardo Otubo "-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]\n" \ 469324f8cdc5SEduardo Otubo " [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]\n" \ 46942b716fa6SEduardo Otubo " Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').\n" \ 46952b716fa6SEduardo Otubo " use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided\n" \ 46962b716fa6SEduardo Otubo " by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern\n" \ 469773a1e647SEduardo Otubo " C library implementations.\n" \ 4698d42304b1SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé " use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability\n" \ 4699d42304b1SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé " to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.\n" \ 470073a1e647SEduardo Otubo " The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for\n" \ 4701995a226fSEduardo Otubo " main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged\n" \ 4702995a226fSEduardo Otubo " use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by\n" \ 4703d42304b1SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé " blocking *fork and execve\n" \ 470424f8cdc5SEduardo Otubo " use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority\n", 47057d76ad4fSEduardo Otubo QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4706e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4707e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-sandbox arg[,obsolete=string][,elevateprivileges=string][,spawn=string][,resourcecontrol=string]`` 4708e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable Seccomp mode 2 system call filter. 'on' will enable syscall 4709e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filtering and 'off' will disable it. The default is 'off'. 4710e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4711e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``obsolete=string`` 4712e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable Obsolete system calls 4713e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4714e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``elevateprivileges=string`` 4715e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable set\*uid\|gid system calls 4716e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4717e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``spawn=string`` 4718e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable \*fork and execve 4719e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4720e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``resourcecontrol=string`` 4721e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Disable process affinity and schedular priority 4722e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 47237d76ad4fSEduardo Otubo 4724715a664aSGerd HoffmannDEF("readconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_readconfig, 4725e960a7eeSPaolo Bonzini "-readconfig <file>\n" 4726e960a7eeSPaolo Bonzini " read config file\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4727e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4728e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-readconfig file`` 4729e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Read device configuration from file. This approach is useful when 4730e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell you want to spawn QEMU process with many command line options but 4731e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell you don't want to exceed the command line character limit. 4732e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 47332feac451SThomas Huth 4734f29a5614SEduardo HabkostDEF("no-user-config", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig, 4735f29a5614SEduardo Habkost "-no-user-config\n" 47363478eae9SEduardo Habkost " do not load default user-provided config files at startup\n", 4737f29a5614SEduardo Habkost QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4738e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4739e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-no-user-config`` 4740e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``-no-user-config`` option makes QEMU not load any of the 4741e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell user-provided config files on sysconfdir. 4742e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 47432feac451SThomas Huth 4744ab6540d5SPrerna SaxenaDEF("trace", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_trace, 474510578a25SPaolo Bonzini "-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n" 474623d15e86SLluís " specify tracing options\n", 4747ab6540d5SPrerna Saxena QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4748e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4749e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-trace [[enable=]pattern][,events=file][,file=file]`` 475009ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. include:: ../qemu-option-trace.rst.inc 4751e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4752e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 475342229a75SLluís VilanovaDEF("plugin", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_plugin, 47543a445acbSMahmoud Mandour "-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]\n" 475542229a75SLluís Vilanova " load a plugin\n", 475642229a75SLluís Vilanova QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4757e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 47583a445acbSMahmoud Mandour``-plugin file=file[,argname=argvalue]`` 4759e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Load a plugin. 4760e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4761e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``file=file`` 4762e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Load the given plugin from a shared library file. 4763e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 47643a445acbSMahmoud Mandour ``argname=argvalue`` 47653a445acbSMahmoud Mandour Argument passed to the plugin. (Can be given multiple times.) 4766e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 47673dbf2c7fSStefan Weil 476831e70d6cSMarkus ArmbrusterHXCOMM Internal use 476931e70d6cSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("qtest", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 477031e70d6cSMarkus ArmbrusterDEF("qtest-log", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4771c7f0f3b1SAnthony Liguori 4772c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda#ifdef __linux__ 4773c891c24bSClaudio ImbrendaDEF("async-teardown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_asyncteardown, 4774c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda "-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown\n", 4775c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4776c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda#endif 4777c891c24bSClaudio ImbrendaSRST 4778c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda``-async-teardown`` 4779c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda Enable asynchronous teardown. A new process called "cleanup/<QEMU_PID>" 4780c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda will be created at startup sharing the address space with the main qemu 4781c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda process, using clone. It will wait for the main qemu process to 4782c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda terminate completely, and then exit. 4783c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda This allows qemu to terminate very quickly even if the guest was 4784c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda huge, leaving the teardown of the address space to the cleanup 4785c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda process. Since the cleanup process shares the same cgroups as the 4786c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda main qemu process, accounting is performed correctly. This only 4787c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda works if the cleanup process is not forcefully killed with SIGKILL 4788c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda before the main qemu process has terminated completely. 4789c891c24bSClaudio ImbrendaERST 4790c891c24bSClaudio Imbrenda 47915e2ac519SSeiji AguchiDEF("msg", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_msg, 47922880ffb0SMario Smarduch "-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]\n" 4793deda497bSMarkus Armbruster " control error message format\n" 47942880ffb0SMario Smarduch " timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)\n" 47952880ffb0SMario Smarduch " guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if\n" 47962880ffb0SMario Smarduch " -name guest option is set (default: off)\n", 47975e2ac519SSeiji Aguchi QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4798e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 47992880ffb0SMario Smarduch``-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name[=on|off]]`` 4800e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Control error message format. 4801e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4802e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``timestamp=on|off`` 4803e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Prefix messages with a timestamp. Default is off. 48042880ffb0SMario Smarduch 48052880ffb0SMario Smarduch ``guest-name=on|off`` 48062880ffb0SMario Smarduch Prefix messages with guest name but only if -name guest option is set 48072880ffb0SMario Smarduch otherwise the option is ignored. Default is off. 4808e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 48095e2ac519SSeiji Aguchi 4810abfd9ce3SAmit ShahDEF("dump-vmstate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate, 4811abfd9ce3SAmit Shah "-dump-vmstate <file>\n" 4812abfd9ce3SAmit Shah " Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.\n" 4813abfd9ce3SAmit Shah " Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to\n" 4814abfd9ce3SAmit Shah " check for possible regressions in migration code\n" 48152382053fSLaurent Vivier " by comparing two such vmstate dumps.\n", 4816abfd9ce3SAmit Shah QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4817e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4818e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-dump-vmstate file`` 4819e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Dump json-encoded vmstate information for current machine type to 4820e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file in file 4821e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 4822abfd9ce3SAmit Shah 482312df189dSEmilio G. CotaDEF("enable-sync-profile", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile, 482412df189dSEmilio G. Cota "-enable-sync-profile\n" 482512df189dSEmilio G. Cota " enable synchronization profiling\n", 482612df189dSEmilio G. Cota QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4827e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4828e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-enable-sync-profile`` 4829e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Enable synchronization profiling. 4830e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 483112df189dSEmilio G. Cota 48325584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich#if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX) 48335584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichDEF("perfmap", 0, QEMU_OPTION_perfmap, 48345584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich "-perfmap generate a /tmp/perf-${pid}.map file for perf\n", 48355584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 48365584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichSRST 48375584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich``-perfmap`` 48385584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich Generate a map file for Linux perf tools that will allow basic profiling 48395584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich information to be broken down into basic blocks. 48405584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichERST 48415584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich 48425584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichDEF("jitdump", 0, QEMU_OPTION_jitdump, 48435584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich "-jitdump generate a jit-${pid}.dump file for perf\n", 48445584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 48455584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichSRST 48465584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich``-jitdump`` 48475584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich Generate a dump file for Linux perf tools that maps basic blocks to symbol 48485584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich names, line numbers and JITted code. 48495584e2dbSIlya LeoshkevichERST 48505584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich#endif 48515584e2dbSIlya Leoshkevich 485243f187a5SPaolo BonziniDEFHEADING() 4853de6b4f90SMarkus Armbruster 4854de6b4f90SMarkus ArmbrusterDEFHEADING(Generic object creation:) 4855b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange 4856b9174d4fSDaniel P. BerrangeDEF("object", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_object, 4857b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange "-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]\n" 4858b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange " create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties\n" 4859b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange " in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'\n" 4860b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange " property must be set. These objects are placed in the\n" 4861b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange " '/objects' path.\n", 4862b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 4863e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellSRST 4864e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell``-object typename[,prop1=value1,...]`` 4865e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a new object of type typename setting properties in the order 4866e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell they are specified. Note that the 'id' property must be set. These 4867e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell objects are placed in the '/objects' path. 4868e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 486986635aa4SStefan Hajnoczi ``-object memory-backend-file,id=id,size=size,mem-path=dir,share=on|off,discard-data=on|off,merge=on|off,dump=on|off,prealloc=on|off,host-nodes=host-nodes,policy=default|preferred|bind|interleave,align=align,readonly=on|off`` 4870e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a memory file backend object, which can be used to back 4871e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the guest RAM with huge pages. 4872e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4873e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID that will be used to 487456c9f00eSRobert Hoo reference this memory region in other parameters, e.g. ``-numa``, 487556c9f00eSRobert Hoo ``-device nvdimm``, etc. 4876e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4877e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``size`` option provides the size of the memory region, and 487856c9f00eSRobert Hoo accepts common suffixes, e.g. ``500M``. 4879e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4880e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``mem-path`` provides the path to either a shared memory or 4881e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell huge page filesystem mount. 4882e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4883e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``share`` boolean option determines whether the memory 4884e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell region is marked as private to QEMU, or shared. The latter 4885e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell allows a co-operating external process to access the QEMU memory 4886e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell region. 4887e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4888e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``share`` is also required for pvrdma devices due to 4889e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell limitations in the RDMA API provided by Linux. 4890e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4891e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Setting share=on might affect the ability to configure NUMA 4892e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bindings for the memory backend under some circumstances, see 4893e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Documentation/vm/numa\_memory\_policy.txt on the Linux kernel 4894e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell source tree for additional details. 4895e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4896e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Setting the ``discard-data`` boolean option to on indicates that 4897e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file contents can be destroyed when QEMU exits, to avoid 4898e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell unnecessarily flushing data to the backing file. Note that 4899e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``discard-data`` is only an optimization, and QEMU might not 4900e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell discard file contents if it aborts unexpectedly or is terminated 4901e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using SIGKILL. 4902e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4903e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``merge`` boolean option enables memory merge, also known as 4904e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell MADV\_MERGEABLE, so that Kernel Samepage Merging will consider 4905e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the pages for memory deduplication. 4906e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4907e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Setting the ``dump`` boolean option to off excludes the memory 4908e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from core dumps. This feature is also known as MADV\_DONTDUMP. 4909e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4910e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``prealloc`` boolean option enables memory preallocation. 4911e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4912e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``host-nodes`` option binds the memory range to a list of 4913e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NUMA host nodes. 4914e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4915e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``policy`` option sets the NUMA policy to one of the 4916e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell following values: 4917e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4918e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``default`` 4919e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default host policy 4920e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4921e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``preferred`` 4922e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell prefer the given host node list for allocation 4923e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4924e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``bind`` 4925e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell restrict memory allocation to the given host node list 4926e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4927e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``interleave`` 4928e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell interleave memory allocations across the given host node 4929e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell list 4930e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4931e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``align`` option specifies the base address alignment when 4932e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU mmap(2) ``mem-path``, and accepts common suffixes, eg 4933e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``2M``. Some backend store specified by ``mem-path`` requires an 4934e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell alignment different than the default one used by QEMU, eg the 4935e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device DAX /dev/dax0.0 requires 2M alignment rather than 4K. In 4936e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell such cases, users can specify the required alignment via this 4937e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. 4938e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4939e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``pmem`` option specifies whether the backing file specified 4940e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell by ``mem-path`` is in host persistent memory that can be 4941e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell accessed using the SNIA NVM programming model (e.g. Intel 4942e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell NVDIMM). If ``pmem`` is set to 'on', QEMU will take necessary 4943e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operations to guarantee the persistence of its own writes to 4944e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mem-path`` (e.g. in vNVDIMM label emulation and live 4945e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell migration). Also, we will map the backend-file with MAP\_SYNC 4946e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell flag, which ensures the file metadata is in sync for 4947e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``mem-path`` in case of host crash or a power failure. MAP\_SYNC 4948e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell requires support from both the host kernel (since Linux kernel 4949e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4.15) and the filesystem of ``mem-path`` mounted with DAX 4950e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell option. 4951e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 495286635aa4SStefan Hajnoczi The ``readonly`` option specifies whether the backing file is opened 495386635aa4SStefan Hajnoczi read-only or read-write (default). 495486635aa4SStefan Hajnoczi 4955e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object memory-backend-ram,id=id,merge=on|off,dump=on|off,share=on|off,prealloc=on|off,size=size,host-nodes=host-nodes,policy=default|preferred|bind|interleave`` 4956e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a memory backend object, which can be used to back the 4957e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest RAM. Memory backend objects offer more control than the 4958e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-m`` option that is traditionally used to define guest RAM. 4959e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Please refer to ``memory-backend-file`` for a description of the 4960e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell options. 4961e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4962e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object memory-backend-memfd,id=id,merge=on|off,dump=on|off,share=on|off,prealloc=on|off,size=size,host-nodes=host-nodes,policy=default|preferred|bind|interleave,seal=on|off,hugetlb=on|off,hugetlbsize=size`` 4963e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates an anonymous memory file backend object, which allows 4964e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU to share the memory with an external process (e.g. when 4965e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell using vhost-user). The memory is allocated with memfd and 4966e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell optional sealing. (Linux only) 4967e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4968e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``seal`` option creates a sealed-file, that will block 4969e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell further resizing the memory ('on' by default). 4970e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4971e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``hugetlb`` option specify the file to be created resides in 4972e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the hugetlbfs filesystem (since Linux 4.14). Used in conjunction 4973e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with the ``hugetlb`` option, the ``hugetlbsize`` option specify 4974e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the hugetlb page size on systems that support multiple hugetlb 4975e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell page sizes (it must be a power of 2 value supported by the 4976e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell system). 4977e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4978e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell In some versions of Linux, the ``hugetlb`` option is 4979e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell incompatible with the ``seal`` option (requires at least Linux 4980e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4.16). 4981e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4982e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Please refer to ``memory-backend-file`` for a description of the 4983e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell other options. 4984e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4985e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``share`` boolean option is on by default with memfd. 4986e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4987e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object rng-builtin,id=id`` 4988e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy 4989e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from QEMU builtin functions. The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID 4990e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that will be used to reference this entropy backend from the 4991e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``virtio-rng`` device. By default, the ``virtio-rng`` device 4992e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell uses this RNG backend. 4993e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 4994e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object rng-random,id=id,filename=/dev/random`` 4995e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy 4996e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from a device on the host. The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID 4997e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell that will be used to reference this entropy backend from the 4998e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``virtio-rng`` device. The ``filename`` parameter specifies 4999e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which file to obtain entropy from and if omitted defaults to 5000e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/dev/urandom``. 5001e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5002e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object rng-egd,id=id,chardev=chardevid`` 5003e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy 5004e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from an external daemon running on the host. The ``id`` 5005e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter is a unique ID that will be used to reference this 5006e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell entropy backend from the ``virtio-rng`` device. The ``chardev`` 5007e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter is the unique ID of a character device backend that 5008e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provides the connection to the RNG daemon. 5009e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5010e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object tls-creds-anon,id=id,endpoint=endpoint,dir=/path/to/cred/dir,verify-peer=on|off`` 5011e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a TLS anonymous credentials object, which can be used to 5012e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provide TLS support on network backends. The ``id`` parameter is 5013e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a unique ID which network backends will use to access the 5014e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials. The ``endpoint`` is either ``server`` or ``client`` 5015e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell depending on whether the QEMU network backend that uses the 5016e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. If 5017e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``verify-peer`` is enabled (the default) then once the handshake 5018e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is completed, the peer credentials will be verified, though this 5019e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is a no-op for anonymous credentials. 5020e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5021e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The dir parameter tells QEMU where to find the credential files. 5022e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For server endpoints, this directory may contain a file 5023e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell dh-params.pem providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the 5024e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TLS server. If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of 5025e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell DH parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive 5026e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is 5027e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated 5028e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell upfront and saved. 5029e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5030e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object tls-creds-psk,id=id,endpoint=endpoint,dir=/path/to/keys/dir[,username=username]`` 5031e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a TLS Pre-Shared Keys (PSK) credentials object, which 5032e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be used to provide TLS support on network backends. The 5033e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id`` parameter is a unique ID which network backends will use 5034e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to access the credentials. The ``endpoint`` is either ``server`` 5035e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or ``client`` depending on whether the QEMU network backend that 5036e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell uses the credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. 5037e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For clients only, ``username`` is the username which will be 5038e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sent to the server. If omitted it defaults to "qemu". 5039e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5040e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The dir parameter tells QEMU where to find the keys file. It is 5041e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell called "dir/keys.psk" and contains "username:key" pairs. This 5042e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file can most easily be created using the GnuTLS ``psktool`` 5043e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell program. 5044e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5045e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For server endpoints, dir may also contain a file dh-params.pem 5046e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the TLS server. 5047e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of DH 5048e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive 5049e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is 5050e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated up 5051e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell front and saved. 5052e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5053e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object tls-creds-x509,id=id,endpoint=endpoint,dir=/path/to/cred/dir,priority=priority,verify-peer=on|off,passwordid=id`` 5054e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a TLS anonymous credentials object, which can be used to 5055e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provide TLS support on network backends. The ``id`` parameter is 5056e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a unique ID which network backends will use to access the 5057e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials. The ``endpoint`` is either ``server`` or ``client`` 5058e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell depending on whether the QEMU network backend that uses the 5059e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell credentials will be acting as a client or as a server. If 5060e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``verify-peer`` is enabled (the default) then once the handshake 5061e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell is completed, the peer credentials will be verified. With x509 5062e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell certificates, this implies that the clients must be provided 5063e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell with valid client certificates too. 5064e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5065e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The dir parameter tells QEMU where to find the credential files. 5066e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For server endpoints, this directory may contain a file 5067e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell dh-params.pem providing diffie-hellman parameters to use for the 5068e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell TLS server. If the file is missing, QEMU will generate a set of 5069e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell DH parameters at startup. This is a computationally expensive 5070e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell operation that consumes random pool entropy, so it is 5071e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated 5072e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell upfront and saved. 5073e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5074e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For x509 certificate credentials the directory will contain 5075e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell further files providing the x509 certificates. The certificates 5076e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must be stored in PEM format, in filenames ca-cert.pem, 5077e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ca-crl.pem (optional), server-cert.pem (only servers), 5078e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell server-key.pem (only servers), client-cert.pem (only clients), 5079e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and client-key.pem (only clients). 5080e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5081e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For the server-key.pem and client-key.pem files which contain 5082e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sensitive private keys, it is possible to use an encrypted 5083e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell version by providing the passwordid parameter. This provides the 5084e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ID of a previously created ``secret`` object containing the 5085e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell password for decryption. 5086e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5087e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The priority parameter allows to override the global default 5088e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell priority used by gnutls. This can be useful if the system 5089e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell administrator needs to use a weaker set of crypto priorities for 5090e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell QEMU without potentially forcing the weakness onto all 5091e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell applications. Or conversely if one wants wants a stronger 5092e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell default for QEMU than for all other applications, they can do 5093e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell this through this parameter. Its format is a gnutls priority 5094e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell string as described at 5095e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html. 5096e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5097993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé ``-object tls-cipher-suites,id=id,priority=priority`` 5098993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé Creates a TLS cipher suites object, which can be used to control 5099993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé the TLS cipher/protocol algorithms that applications are permitted 5100993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé to use. 5101993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 5102993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID which frontends will use to 5103993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé access the ordered list of permitted TLS cipher suites from the 5104993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé host. 5105993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 5106993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé The ``priority`` parameter allows to override the global default 5107993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé priority used by gnutls. This can be useful if the system 5108993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé administrator needs to use a weaker set of crypto priorities for 5109993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé QEMU without potentially forcing the weakness onto all 5110993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé applications. Or conversely if one wants wants a stronger 5111993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé default for QEMU than for all other applications, they can do 5112993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé this through this parameter. Its format is a gnutls priority 5113993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé string as described at 5114993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html. 5115993aec27SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 511669699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé An example of use of this object is to control UEFI HTTPS Boot. 511769699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé The tls-cipher-suites object exposes the ordered list of permitted 511869699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé TLS cipher suites from the host side to the guest firmware, via 511969699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé fw_cfg. The list is represented as an array of IANA_TLS_CIPHER 512069699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé objects. The firmware uses the IANA_TLS_CIPHER array for configuring 512169699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé guest-side TLS. 512269699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 512369699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé In the following example, the priority at which the host-side policy 512469699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé is retrieved is given by the ``priority`` property. 512569699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé Given that QEMU uses GNUTLS, ``priority=@SYSTEM`` may be used to 512669699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé refer to /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/gnutls.config. 512769699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 512869699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé .. parsed-literal:: 512969699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 5130353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5131353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object tls-cipher-suites,id=mysuite0,priority=@SYSTEM \\ 513269699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé -fw_cfg name=etc/edk2/https/ciphers,gen_id=mysuite0 513369699f30SPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé 5134e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-buffer,id=id,netdev=netdevid,interval=t[,queue=all|rx|tx][,status=on|off][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5135e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Interval t can't be 0, this filter batches the packet delivery: 5136e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all packets arriving in a given interval on netdev netdevid are 5137e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell delayed until the end of the interval. Interval is in 5138e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell microseconds. ``status`` is optional that indicate whether the 5139e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netfilter is on (enabled) or off (disabled), the default status 5140e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for netfilter will be 'on'. 5141e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5142e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell queue all\|rx\|tx is an option that can be applied to any 5143e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netfilter. 5144e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5145e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``all``: the filter is attached both to the receive and the 5146e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell transmit queue of the netdev (default). 5147e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5148e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``rx``: the filter is attached to the receive queue of the 5149e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netdev, where it will receive packets sent to the netdev. 5150e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5151e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tx``: the filter is attached to the transmit queue of the 5152e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell netdev, where it will receive packets sent by the netdev. 5153e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5154e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell position head\|tail\|id=<id> is an option to specify where the 5155e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter should be inserted in the filter list. It can be applied 5156e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell to any netfilter. 5157e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5158e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``head``: the filter is inserted at the head of the filter list, 5159e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell before any existing filters. 5160e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5161e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``tail``: the filter is inserted at the tail of the filter list, 5162e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell behind any existing filters (default). 5163e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5164e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id=<id>``: the filter is inserted before or behind the filter 5165e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specified by <id>, see the insert option below. 5166e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5167e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell insert behind\|before is an option to specify where to insert 5168e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the new filter relative to the one specified with 5169e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell position=id=<id>. It can be applied to any netfilter. 5170e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5171e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``before``: insert before the specified filter. 5172e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5173e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``behind``: insert behind the specified filter (default). 5174e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5175e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-mirror,id=id,netdev=netdevid,outdev=chardevid,queue=all|rx|tx[,vnet_hdr_support][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5176e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-mirror on netdev netdevid,mirror net packet to 5177e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell chardevchardevid, if it has the vnet\_hdr\_support flag, 5178e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-mirror will mirror packet with vnet\_hdr\_len. 5179e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5180e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-redirector,id=id,netdev=netdevid,indev=chardevid,outdev=chardevid,queue=all|rx|tx[,vnet_hdr_support][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5181e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-redirector on netdev netdevid,redirect filter's net 5182e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell packet to chardev chardevid,and redirect indev's packet to 5183e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter.if it has the vnet\_hdr\_support flag, filter-redirector 5184e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell will redirect packet with vnet\_hdr\_len. Create a 5185e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-redirector we need to differ outdev id from indev id, id 5186e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can not be the same. we can just use indev or outdev, but at 5187e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell least one of indev or outdev need to be specified. 5188e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5189e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-rewriter,id=id,netdev=netdevid,queue=all|rx|tx,[vnet_hdr_support][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5190e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Filter-rewriter is a part of COLO project.It will rewrite tcp 5191e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell packet to secondary from primary to keep secondary tcp 5192e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell connection,and rewrite tcp packet to primary from secondary make 5193e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell tcp packet can be handled by client.if it has the 5194e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vnet\_hdr\_support flag, we can parse packet with vnet header. 5195e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5196e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usage: colo secondary: -object 5197e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-redirector,id=f1,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,indev=red0 -object 5198e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-redirector,id=f2,netdev=hn0,queue=rx,outdev=red1 -object 5199e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filter-rewriter,id=rew0,netdev=hn0,queue=all 5200e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5201e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object filter-dump,id=id,netdev=dev[,file=filename][,maxlen=len][,position=head|tail|id=<id>][,insert=behind|before]`` 5202e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Dump the network traffic on netdev dev to the file specified by 5203e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell filename. At most len bytes (64k by default) per packet are 5204e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell stored. The file format is libpcap, so it can be analyzed with 5205e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark. 5206e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5207a2e5cb7aSZhang Chen ``-object colo-compare,id=id,primary_in=chardevid,secondary_in=chardevid,outdev=chardevid,iothread=id[,vnet_hdr_support][,notify_dev=id][,compare_timeout=@var{ms}][,expired_scan_cycle=@var{ms}][,max_queue_size=@var{size}]`` 5208e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Colo-compare gets packet from primary\_in chardevid and 52092b28a7efSZhang Chen secondary\_in, then compare whether the payload of primary packet 52102b28a7efSZhang Chen and secondary packet are the same. If same, it will output 52112b28a7efSZhang Chen primary packet to out\_dev, else it will notify COLO-framework to do 52122b28a7efSZhang Chen checkpoint and send primary packet to out\_dev. In order to 52132b28a7efSZhang Chen improve efficiency, we need to put the task of comparison in 52142b28a7efSZhang Chen another iothread. If it has the vnet\_hdr\_support flag, 52152b28a7efSZhang Chen colo compare will send/recv packet with vnet\_hdr\_len. 52162b28a7efSZhang Chen The compare\_timeout=@var{ms} determines the maximum time of the 52172b28a7efSZhang Chen colo-compare hold the packet. The expired\_scan\_cycle=@var{ms} 52182b28a7efSZhang Chen is to set the period of scanning expired primary node network packets. 52192b28a7efSZhang Chen The max\_queue\_size=@var{size} is to set the max compare queue 52202b28a7efSZhang Chen size depend on user environment. 52212b28a7efSZhang Chen If user want to use Xen COLO, need to add the notify\_dev to 52229cc43c94SZhang Chen notify Xen colo-frame to do checkpoint. 5223e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 52242b28a7efSZhang Chen COLO-compare must be used with the help of filter-mirror, 52252b28a7efSZhang Chen filter-redirector and filter-rewriter. 5226e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5227e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5228e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5229e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell KVM COLO 5230e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5231e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell primary: 5232e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,downscript=/etc/qemu-ifdown 5233e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device e1000,id=e0,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 5234bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=mirror0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003,server=on,wait=off 5235bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004,server=on,wait=off 5236bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001,server=on,wait=off 5237e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=compare0-0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001 5238bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare_out,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005,server=on,wait=off 5239e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=compare_out0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005 5240e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object iothread,id=iothread1 5241e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-mirror,id=m0,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,outdev=mirror0 5242e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire0,queue=rx,indev=compare_out 5243e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire1,queue=rx,outdev=compare0 5244e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object colo-compare,id=comp0,primary_in=compare0-0,secondary_in=compare1,outdev=compare_out0,iothread=iothread1 5245e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5246e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell secondary: 5247e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,down script=/etc/qemu-ifdown 5248e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device e1000,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 5249e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=red0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003 5250e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=red1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004 5251e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,id=f1,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,indev=red0 5252e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,id=f2,netdev=hn0,queue=rx,outdev=red1 5253e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5254e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5255e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Xen COLO 5256e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5257e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell primary: 5258e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,downscript=/etc/qemu-ifdown 5259e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device e1000,id=e0,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 5260bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=mirror0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003,server=on,wait=off 5261bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004,server=on,wait=off 5262bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001,server=on,wait=off 5263e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=compare0-0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9001 5264bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=compare_out,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005,server=on,wait=off 5265e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=compare_out0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9005 5266bfdc1267SDaniel P. Berrangé -chardev socket,id=notify_way,host=3.3.3.3,port=9009,server=on,wait=off 5267e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-mirror,id=m0,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,outdev=mirror0 5268e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire0,queue=rx,indev=compare_out 5269e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,netdev=hn0,id=redire1,queue=rx,outdev=compare0 5270e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object iothread,id=iothread1 5271e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object colo-compare,id=comp0,primary_in=compare0-0,secondary_in=compare1,outdev=compare_out0,notify_dev=nofity_way,iothread=iothread1 5272e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5273e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell secondary: 5274e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -netdev tap,id=hn0,vhost=off,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,down script=/etc/qemu-ifdown 5275e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -device e1000,netdev=hn0,mac=52:a4:00:12:78:66 5276e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=red0,host=3.3.3.3,port=9003 5277e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -chardev socket,id=red1,host=3.3.3.3,port=9004 5278e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,id=f1,netdev=hn0,queue=tx,indev=red0 5279e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell -object filter-redirector,id=f2,netdev=hn0,queue=rx,outdev=red1 5280e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5281e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If you want to know the detail of above command line, you can 5282e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell read the colo-compare git log. 5283e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5284e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object cryptodev-backend-builtin,id=id[,queues=queues]`` 52851e458f11SStefan Weil Creates a cryptodev backend which executes crypto operations from 52861e458f11SStefan Weil the QEMU cipher APIs. The id parameter is a unique ID that will 5287e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be used to reference this cryptodev backend from the 5288e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``virtio-crypto`` device. The queues parameter is optional, 5289e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which specify the queue number of cryptodev backend, the default 5290e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell of queues is 1. 5291e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 529209ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5293e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5294353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5295353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek [...] \\ 5296353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object cryptodev-backend-builtin,id=cryptodev0 \\ 5297353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device virtio-crypto-pci,id=crypto0,cryptodev=cryptodev0 \\ 5298e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [...] 5299e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5300e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object cryptodev-vhost-user,id=id,chardev=chardevid[,queues=queues]`` 5301e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a vhost-user cryptodev backend, backed by a chardev 5302e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell chardevid. The id parameter is a unique ID that will be used to 5303e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell reference this cryptodev backend from the ``virtio-crypto`` 5304e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell device. The chardev should be a unix domain socket backed one. 5305e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The vhost-user uses a specifically defined protocol to pass 5306e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vhost ioctl replacement messages to an application on the other 5307e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell end of the socket. The queues parameter is optional, which 5308e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell specify the queue number of cryptodev backend for multiqueue 5309e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell vhost-user, the default of queues is 1. 5310e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 531109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5312e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5313353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5314353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek [...] \\ 5315353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -chardev socket,id=chardev0,path=/path/to/socket \\ 5316353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object cryptodev-vhost-user,id=cryptodev0,chardev=chardev0 \\ 5317353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -device virtio-crypto-pci,id=crypto0,cryptodev=cryptodev0 \\ 5318e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell [...] 5319e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5320e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object secret,id=id,data=string,format=raw|base64[,keyid=secretid,iv=string]`` 532109ce5f2dSPeter Maydell \ 5322e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object secret,id=id,file=filename,format=raw|base64[,keyid=secretid,iv=string]`` 5323e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Defines a secret to store a password, encryption key, or some 5324e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell other sensitive data. The sensitive data can either be passed 5325e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell directly via the data parameter, or indirectly via the file 5326e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter. Using the data parameter is insecure unless the 5327e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell sensitive data is encrypted. 5328e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5329e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The sensitive data can be provided in raw format (the default), 5330e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell or base64. When encoded as JSON, the raw format only supports 5331e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell valid UTF-8 characters, so base64 is recommended for sending 5332e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell binary data. QEMU will convert from which ever format is 5333e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provided to the format it needs internally. eg, an RBD password 5334e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell can be provided in raw format, even though it will be base64 5335e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encoded when passed onto the RBD sever. 5336e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5337e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For added protection, it is possible to encrypt the data 5338e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell associated with a secret using the AES-256-CBC cipher. Use of 5339e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encryption is indicated by providing the keyid and iv 5340e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameters. The keyid parameter provides the ID of a previously 5341e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell defined secret that contains the AES-256 decryption key. This 5342e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell key should be 32-bytes long and be base64 encoded. The iv 5343e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell parameter provides the random initialization vector used for 5344e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encryption of this particular secret and should be a base64 5345e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell encrypted string of the 16-byte IV. 5346e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5347e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The simplest (insecure) usage is to provide the secret inline 5348e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 534909ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5350e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5351e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # |qemu_system| -object secret,id=sec0,data=letmein,format=raw 5352e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5353e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The simplest secure usage is to provide the secret via a file 5354e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5355e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # printf "letmein" > mypasswd.txt # QEMU\_SYSTEM\_MACRO -object 5356e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw 5357e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5358e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell For greater security, AES-256-CBC should be used. To illustrate 5359e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usage, consider the openssl command line tool which can encrypt 5360e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the data. Note that when encrypting, the plaintext must be 5361e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell padded to the cipher block size (32 bytes) using the standard 5362e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell PKCS#5/6 compatible padding algorithm. 5363e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5364e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell First a master key needs to be created in base64 encoding: 5365e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5366e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5367e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5368e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # openssl rand -base64 32 > key.b64 5369e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # KEY=$(base64 -d key.b64 | hexdump -v -e '/1 "%02X"') 5370e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5371e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Each secret to be encrypted needs to have a random 5372e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell initialization vector generated. These do not need to be kept 5373e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell secret 5374e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5375e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5376e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5377e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # openssl rand -base64 16 > iv.b64 5378e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # IV=$(base64 -d iv.b64 | hexdump -v -e '/1 "%02X"') 5379e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5380e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The secret to be defined can now be encrypted, in this case 5381e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell we're telling openssl to base64 encode the result, but it could 5382e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell be left as raw bytes if desired. 5383e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5384e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5385e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5386e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell # SECRET=$(printf "letmein" | 5387e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -K $KEY -iv $IV) 5388e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5389e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When launching QEMU, create a master secret pointing to 5390e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``key.b64`` and specify that to be used to decrypt the user 5391e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell password. Pass the contents of ``iv.b64`` to the second secret 5392e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 539309ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5394e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5395353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5396353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object secret,id=secmaster0,format=base64,file=key.b64 \\ 5397353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object secret,id=sec0,keyid=secmaster0,format=base64,\\ 5398e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell data=$SECRET,iv=$(<iv.b64) 5399e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 540055cdf566SDov Murik ``-object sev-guest,id=id,cbitpos=cbitpos,reduced-phys-bits=val,[sev-device=string,policy=policy,handle=handle,dh-cert-file=file,session-file=file,kernel-hashes=on|off]`` 5401e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create a Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) guest object, 5402e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell which can be used to provide the guest memory encryption support 5403e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell on AMD processors. 5404e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5405e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When memory encryption is enabled, one of the physical address 5406e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell bit (aka the C-bit) is utilized to mark if a memory page is 5407e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell protected. The ``cbitpos`` is used to provide the C-bit 5408e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell position. The C-bit position is Host family dependent hence user 5409e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must provide this value. On EPYC, the value should be 47. 5410e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5411e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When memory encryption is enabled, we loose certain bits in 5412e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell physical address space. The ``reduced-phys-bits`` is used to 5413e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell provide the number of bits we loose in physical address space. 5414e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Similar to C-bit, the value is Host family dependent. On EPYC, 5415e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the value should be 5. 5416e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5417e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``sev-device`` provides the device file to use for 5418e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell communicating with the SEV firmware running inside AMD Secure 5419e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Processor. The default device is '/dev/sev'. If hardware 5420e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell supports memory encryption then /dev/sev devices are created by 5421e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell CCP driver. 5422e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5423e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``policy`` provides the guest policy to be enforced by the 5424e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell SEV firmware and restrict what configuration and operational 5425e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell commands can be performed on this guest by the hypervisor. The 5426e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell policy should be provided by the guest owner and is bound to the 5427e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest and cannot be changed throughout the lifetime of the 5428e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest. The default is 0. 5429e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5430e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If guest ``policy`` allows sharing the key with another SEV 5431e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell guest then ``handle`` can be use to provide handle of the guest 5432e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell from which to share the key. 5433e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5434e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``dh-cert-file`` and ``session-file`` provides the guest 5435e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell owner's Public Diffie-Hillman key defined in SEV spec. The PDH 5436e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and session parameters are used for establishing a cryptographic 5437e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell session with the guest owner to negotiate keys used for 5438e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell attestation. The file must be encoded in base64. 5439e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 544055cdf566SDov Murik The ``kernel-hashes`` adds the hashes of given kernel/initrd/ 544155cdf566SDov Murik cmdline to a designated guest firmware page for measured Linux 544255cdf566SDov Murik boot with -kernel. The default is off. (Since 6.2) 544355cdf566SDov Murik 5444e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell e.g to launch a SEV guest 5445e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 544609ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5447e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5448353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system_x86| \\ 5449353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ...... \\ 5450353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object sev-guest,id=sev0,cbitpos=47,reduced-phys-bits=5 \\ 5451353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -machine ...,memory-encryption=sev0 \\ 5452e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ..... 5453e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5454e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object authz-simple,id=id,identity=string`` 5455e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create an authorization object that will control access to 5456e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network services. 5457e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5458e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``identity`` parameter is identifies the user and its format 5459e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell depends on the network service that authorization object is 5460e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell associated with. For authorizing based on TLS x509 certificates, 5461e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the identity must be the x509 distinguished name. Note that care 5462e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell must be taken to escape any commas in the distinguished name. 5463e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5464e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell An example authorization object to validate a x509 distinguished 5465e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell name would look like: 5466e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 546709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5468e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5469353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5470353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ... \\ 5471353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object 'authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB' \\ 5472e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ... 5473e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5474e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Note the use of quotes due to the x509 distinguished name 5475e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell containing whitespace, and escaping of ','. 5476e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 54774d7beeabSDaniel P. Berrangé ``-object authz-listfile,id=id,filename=path,refresh=on|off`` 5478e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create an authorization object that will control access to 5479e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network services. 5480e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5481e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``filename`` parameter is the fully qualified path to a file 5482e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell containing the access control list rules in JSON format. 5483e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5484e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell An example set of rules that match against SASL usernames might 5485e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell look like: 5486e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5487e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5488e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5489e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { 5490e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "rules": [ 5491e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { "match": "fred", "policy": "allow", "format": "exact" }, 5492e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { "match": "bob", "policy": "allow", "format": "exact" }, 5493e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { "match": "danb", "policy": "deny", "format": "glob" }, 5494e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell { "match": "dan*", "policy": "allow", "format": "exact" }, 5495e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ], 5496e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell "policy": "deny" 5497e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell } 5498e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5499e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell When checking access the object will iterate over all the rules 5500e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell and the first rule to match will have its ``policy`` value 5501e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell returned as the result. If no rules match, then the default 5502e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``policy`` value is returned. 5503e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5504e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The rules can either be an exact string match, or they can use 5505e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the simple UNIX glob pattern matching to allow wildcards to be 5506e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell used. 5507e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5508e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell If ``refresh`` is set to true the file will be monitored and 5509e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell automatically reloaded whenever its content changes. 5510e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5511e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell As with the ``authz-simple`` object, the format of the identity 5512e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell strings being matched depends on the network service, but is 5513e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell usually a TLS x509 distinguished name, or a SASL username. 5514e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5515e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell An example authorization object to validate a SASL username 5516e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell would look like: 5517e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 551809ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5519e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5520353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5521353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ... \\ 55224d7beeabSDaniel P. Berrangé -object authz-simple,id=auth0,filename=/etc/qemu/vnc-sasl.acl,refresh=on \\ 5523e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ... 5524e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5525e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``-object authz-pam,id=id,service=string`` 5526e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Create an authorization object that will control access to 5527e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell network services. 5528e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5529e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``service`` parameter provides the name of a PAM service to 5530e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell use for authorization. It requires that a file 5531e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/etc/pam.d/service`` exist to provide the configuration for 5532e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the ``account`` subsystem. 5533e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5534e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell An example authorization object to validate a TLS x509 5535e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell distinguished name would look like: 5536e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 553709ce5f2dSPeter Maydell .. parsed-literal:: 5538e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5539353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek # |qemu_system| \\ 5540353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek ... \\ 5541353a06b4SLaszlo Ersek -object authz-pam,id=auth0,service=qemu-vnc \\ 5542e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ... 5543e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5544e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell There would then be a corresponding config file for PAM at 5545e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``/etc/pam.d/qemu-vnc`` that contains: 5546e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5547e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5548e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5549e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell account requisite pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow \ 5550e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file=/etc/qemu/vnc.allow 5551e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5552e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Finally the ``/etc/qemu/vnc.allow`` file would contain the list 55531e458f11SStefan Weil of x509 distinguished names that are permitted access 5554e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5555e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5556e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5557e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Home,L=London,ST=London,C=GB 5558e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 55591793ad02SStefano Garzarella ``-object iothread,id=id,poll-max-ns=poll-max-ns,poll-grow=poll-grow,poll-shrink=poll-shrink,aio-max-batch=aio-max-batch`` 5560e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Creates a dedicated event loop thread that devices can be 5561e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell assigned to. This is known as an IOThread. By default device 5562e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulation happens in vCPU threads or the main event loop thread. 5563e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell This can become a scalability bottleneck. IOThreads allow device 5564e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell emulation and I/O to run on other host CPUs. 5565e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5566e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``id`` parameter is a unique ID that will be used to 5567e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell reference this IOThread from ``-device ...,iothread=id``. 5568e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell Multiple devices can be assigned to an IOThread. Note that not 5569e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell all devices support an ``iothread`` parameter. 5570e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5571e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``query-iothreads`` QMP command lists IOThreads and reports 5572e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell their thread IDs so that the user can configure host CPU 5573e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell pinning/affinity. 5574e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5575e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell IOThreads use an adaptive polling algorithm to reduce event loop 5576e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell latency. Instead of entering a blocking system call to monitor 5577e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell file descriptors and then pay the cost of being woken up when an 5578e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell event occurs, the polling algorithm spins waiting for events for 5579e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell a short time. The algorithm's default parameters are suitable 5580e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell for many cases but can be adjusted based on knowledge of the 5581e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell workload and/or host device latency. 5582e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5583e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``poll-max-ns`` parameter is the maximum number of 5584e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell nanoseconds to busy wait for events. Polling can be disabled by 5585e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell setting this value to 0. 5586e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5587e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``poll-grow`` parameter is the multiplier used to increase 5588e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the polling time when the algorithm detects it is missing events 5589e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell due to not polling long enough. 5590e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5591e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell The ``poll-shrink`` parameter is the divisor used to decrease 5592e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell the polling time when the algorithm detects it is spending too 5593e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell long polling without encountering events. 5594e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 55951793ad02SStefano Garzarella The ``aio-max-batch`` parameter is the maximum number of requests 55961793ad02SStefano Garzarella in a batch for the AIO engine, 0 means that the engine will use 55971793ad02SStefano Garzarella its default. 55981793ad02SStefano Garzarella 55991793ad02SStefano Garzarella The IOThread parameters can be modified at run-time using the 5600e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``qom-set`` command (where ``iothread1`` is the IOThread's 5601e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell ``id``): 5602e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5603e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell :: 5604e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell 5605e2fcbf42SPeter Maydell (qemu) qom-set /objects/iothread1 poll-max-ns 100000 5606e2fcbf42SPeter MaydellERST 5607b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange 5608b9174d4fSDaniel P. Berrange 56093dbf2c7fSStefan WeilHXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line! 5610fd5fc4b1SPaolo Bonzini 5611fd5fc4b1SPaolo Bonzini#undef DEF 5612fd5fc4b1SPaolo Bonzini#undef DEFHEADING 5613fd5fc4b1SPaolo Bonzini#undef ARCHHEADING 5614