xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-nbd.c (revision e9e51b71)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
3  *
4  *  Network Block Device
5  *
6  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
9  *
10  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
14  *
15  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17  */
18 
19 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
20 #include <getopt.h>
21 #include <libgen.h>
22 #include <pthread.h>
23 
24 #include "qemu-common.h"
25 #include "qapi/error.h"
26 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
27 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
28 #include "sysemu/runstate.h" /* for qemu_system_killed() prototype */
29 #include "block/block_int.h"
30 #include "block/nbd.h"
31 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
32 #include "qemu/module.h"
33 #include "qemu/option.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
35 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
36 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
37 #include "qemu/log.h"
38 #include "qemu/systemd.h"
39 #include "block/snapshot.h"
40 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
41 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
42 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
43 #include "io/channel-socket.h"
44 #include "io/net-listener.h"
45 #include "crypto/init.h"
46 #include "trace/control.h"
47 #include "qemu-version.h"
48 
49 #ifdef __linux__
50 #define HAVE_NBD_DEVICE 1
51 #else
52 #define HAVE_NBD_DEVICE 0
53 #endif
54 
55 #define SOCKET_PATH                "/var/lock/qemu-nbd-%s"
56 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE         256
57 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO           257
58 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD       258
59 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES 259
60 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT        260
61 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS      261
62 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS    262
63 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK          263
64 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ      264
65 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE      265
66 
67 #define MBR_SIZE 512
68 
69 static int verbose;
70 static char *srcpath;
71 static SocketAddress *saddr;
72 static int persistent = 0;
73 static enum { RUNNING, TERMINATE, TERMINATED } state;
74 static int shared = 1;
75 static int nb_fds;
76 static QIONetListener *server;
77 static QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
78 static const char *tlsauthz;
79 
80 static void usage(const char *name)
81 {
82     (printf) (
83 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILE\n"
84 "  or:  %s -L [OPTIONS]\n"
85 "QEMU Disk Network Block Device Utility\n"
86 "\n"
87 "  -h, --help                display this help and exit\n"
88 "  -V, --version             output version information and exit\n"
89 "\n"
90 "Connection properties:\n"
91 "  -p, --port=PORT           port to listen on (default `%d')\n"
92 "  -b, --bind=IFACE          interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')\n"
93 "  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket\n"
94 "                            (default '"SOCKET_PATH"')\n"
95 "  -e, --shared=NUM          device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')\n"
96 "  -t, --persistent          don't exit on the last connection\n"
97 "  -v, --verbose             display extra debugging information\n"
98 "  -x, --export-name=NAME    expose export by name (default is empty string)\n"
99 "  -D, --description=TEXT    export a human-readable description\n"
100 "\n"
101 "Exposing part of the image:\n"
102 "  -o, --offset=OFFSET       offset into the image\n"
103 "  -A, --allocation-depth    expose the allocation depth\n"
104 "  -B, --bitmap=NAME         expose a persistent dirty bitmap\n"
105 "\n"
106 "General purpose options:\n"
107 "  -L, --list                list exports available from another NBD server\n"
108 "  --object type,id=ID,...   define an object such as 'secret' for providing\n"
109 "                            passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
110 "  --tls-creds=ID            use id of an earlier --object to provide TLS\n"
111 "  --tls-authz=ID            use id of an earlier --object to provide\n"
112 "                            authorization\n"
113 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
114 "                            specify tracing options\n"
115 "  --fork                    fork off the server process and exit the parent\n"
116 "                            once the server is running\n"
117 "  --pid-file=PATH           store the server's process ID in the given file\n"
118 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
119 "\n"
120 "Kernel NBD client support:\n"
121 "  -c, --connect=DEV         connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV\n"
122 "  -d, --disconnect          disconnect the specified device\n"
123 #endif
124 "\n"
125 "Block device options:\n"
126 "  -f, --format=FORMAT       set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)\n"
127 "  -r, --read-only           export read-only\n"
128 "  -s, --snapshot            use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary\n"
129 "                            file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to\n"
130 "                            the temporary one\n"
131 "  -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM\n"
132 "                            load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it\n"
133 "                            as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is\n"
134 "                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
135 "                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
136 "  -n, --nocache             disable host cache\n"
137 "      --cache=MODE          set cache mode (none, writeback, ...)\n"
138 "      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native, io_uring or threads)\n"
139 "      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)\n"
140 "      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, unmap)\n"
141 "      --image-opts          treat FILE as a full set of image options\n"
142 "\n"
143 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n"
144     , name, name, NBD_DEFAULT_PORT, "DEVICE");
145 }
146 
147 static void version(const char *name)
148 {
149     printf(
150 "%s " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
151 "Written by Anthony Liguori.\n"
152 "\n"
153 QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
154 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO\n"
155 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
156     , name);
157 }
158 
159 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
160 /*
161  * The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server.  A signal
162  * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
163  */
164 void qemu_system_killed(int signum, pid_t pid)
165 {
166     qatomic_cmpxchg(&state, RUNNING, TERMINATE);
167     qemu_notify_event();
168 }
169 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
170 
171 static int qemu_nbd_client_list(SocketAddress *saddr, QCryptoTLSCreds *tls,
172                                 const char *hostname)
173 {
174     int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
175     int rc;
176     Error *err = NULL;
177     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
178     NBDExportInfo *list;
179     int i, j;
180 
181     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
182     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc, saddr, &err) < 0) {
183         error_report_err(err);
184         goto out;
185     }
186     rc = nbd_receive_export_list(QIO_CHANNEL(sioc), tls, hostname, &list,
187                                  &err);
188     if (rc < 0) {
189         if (err) {
190             error_report_err(err);
191         }
192         goto out;
193     }
194     printf("exports available: %d\n", rc);
195     for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
196         printf(" export: '%s'\n", list[i].name);
197         if (list[i].description && *list[i].description) {
198             printf("  description: %s\n", list[i].description);
199         }
200         if (list[i].flags & NBD_FLAG_HAS_FLAGS) {
201             static const char *const flag_names[] = {
202                 [NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY_BIT]            = "readonly",
203                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FLUSH_BIT]           = "flush",
204                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FUA_BIT]             = "fua",
205                 [NBD_FLAG_ROTATIONAL_BIT]           = "rotational",
206                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_TRIM_BIT]            = "trim",
207                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_WRITE_ZEROES_BIT]    = "zeroes",
208                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_DF_BIT]              = "df",
209                 [NBD_FLAG_CAN_MULTI_CONN_BIT]       = "multi",
210                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_RESIZE_BIT]          = "resize",
211                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_CACHE_BIT]           = "cache",
212                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FAST_ZERO_BIT]       = "fast-zero",
213             };
214 
215             printf("  size:  %" PRIu64 "\n", list[i].size);
216             printf("  flags: 0x%x (", list[i].flags);
217             for (size_t bit = 0; bit < ARRAY_SIZE(flag_names); bit++) {
218                 if (flag_names[bit] && (list[i].flags & (1 << bit))) {
219                     printf(" %s", flag_names[bit]);
220                 }
221             }
222             printf(" )\n");
223         }
224         if (list[i].min_block) {
225             printf("  min block: %u\n", list[i].min_block);
226             printf("  opt block: %u\n", list[i].opt_block);
227             printf("  max block: %u\n", list[i].max_block);
228         }
229         if (list[i].n_contexts) {
230             printf("  available meta contexts: %d\n", list[i].n_contexts);
231             for (j = 0; j < list[i].n_contexts; j++) {
232                 printf("   %s\n", list[i].contexts[j]);
233             }
234         }
235     }
236     nbd_free_export_list(list, rc);
237 
238     ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
239  out:
240     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
241     return ret;
242 }
243 
244 
245 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
246 static void *show_parts(void *arg)
247 {
248     char *device = arg;
249     int nbd;
250 
251     /* linux just needs an open() to trigger
252      * the partition table update
253      * but remember to load the module with max_part != 0 :
254      *     modprobe nbd max_part=63
255      */
256     nbd = open(device, O_RDWR);
257     if (nbd >= 0) {
258         close(nbd);
259     }
260     return NULL;
261 }
262 
263 static void *nbd_client_thread(void *arg)
264 {
265     char *device = arg;
266     NBDExportInfo info = { .request_sizes = false, .name = g_strdup("") };
267     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
268     int fd = -1;
269     int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
270     pthread_t show_parts_thread;
271     Error *local_error = NULL;
272 
273     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
274     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc,
275                                         saddr,
276                                         &local_error) < 0) {
277         error_report_err(local_error);
278         goto out;
279     }
280 
281     if (nbd_receive_negotiate(NULL, QIO_CHANNEL(sioc),
282                               NULL, NULL, NULL, &info, &local_error) < 0) {
283         if (local_error) {
284             error_report_err(local_error);
285         }
286         goto out;
287     }
288 
289     fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
290     if (fd < 0) {
291         /* Linux-only, we can use %m in printf.  */
292         error_report("Failed to open %s: %m", device);
293         goto out;
294     }
295 
296     if (nbd_init(fd, sioc, &info, &local_error) < 0) {
297         error_report_err(local_error);
298         goto out;
299     }
300 
301     /* update partition table */
302     pthread_create(&show_parts_thread, NULL, show_parts, device);
303 
304     if (verbose) {
305         fprintf(stderr, "NBD device %s is now connected to %s\n",
306                 device, srcpath);
307     } else {
308         /* Close stderr so that the qemu-nbd process exits.  */
309         dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
310     }
311 
312     if (nbd_client(fd) < 0) {
313         goto out;
314     }
315 
316     ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
317 
318  out:
319     if (fd >= 0) {
320         close(fd);
321     }
322     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
323     g_free(info.name);
324     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
325     return (void *) (intptr_t) ret;
326 }
327 #endif /* HAVE_NBD_DEVICE */
328 
329 static int nbd_can_accept(void)
330 {
331     return state == RUNNING && nb_fds < shared;
332 }
333 
334 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void);
335 
336 static void nbd_client_closed(NBDClient *client, bool negotiated)
337 {
338     nb_fds--;
339     if (negotiated && nb_fds == 0 && !persistent && state == RUNNING) {
340         state = TERMINATE;
341     }
342     nbd_update_server_watch();
343     nbd_client_put(client);
344 }
345 
346 static void nbd_accept(QIONetListener *listener, QIOChannelSocket *cioc,
347                        gpointer opaque)
348 {
349     if (state >= TERMINATE) {
350         return;
351     }
352 
353     nb_fds++;
354     nbd_update_server_watch();
355     nbd_client_new(cioc, tlscreds, tlsauthz, nbd_client_closed);
356 }
357 
358 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
359 {
360     if (nbd_can_accept()) {
361         qio_net_listener_set_client_func(server, nbd_accept, NULL, NULL);
362     } else {
363         qio_net_listener_set_client_func(server, NULL, NULL, NULL);
364     }
365 }
366 
367 
368 static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_address(const char *sockpath,
369                                                const char *bindto,
370                                                const char *port)
371 {
372     SocketAddress *saddr;
373 
374     saddr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
375     if (sockpath) {
376         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_UNIX;
377         saddr->u.q_unix.path = g_strdup(sockpath);
378     } else {
379         InetSocketAddress *inet;
380         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET;
381         inet = &saddr->u.inet;
382         inet->host = g_strdup(bindto);
383         if (port) {
384             inet->port = g_strdup(port);
385         } else  {
386             inet->port = g_strdup_printf("%d", NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
387         }
388     }
389 
390     return saddr;
391 }
392 
393 
394 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
395     .name = "file",
396     .implied_opt_name = "file",
397     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
398     .desc = {
399         /* no elements => accept any params */
400         { /* end of list */ }
401     },
402 };
403 
404 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
405     .name = "object",
406     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
407     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
408     .desc = {
409         { }
410     },
411 };
412 
413 static bool qemu_nbd_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
414 {
415     if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
416         exit(0);
417     }
418     return true;
419 }
420 
421 
422 static QCryptoTLSCreds *nbd_get_tls_creds(const char *id, bool list,
423                                           Error **errp)
424 {
425     Object *obj;
426     QCryptoTLSCreds *creds;
427 
428     obj = object_resolve_path_component(
429         object_get_objects_root(), id);
430     if (!obj) {
431         error_setg(errp, "No TLS credentials with id '%s'",
432                    id);
433         return NULL;
434     }
435     creds = (QCryptoTLSCreds *)
436         object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS);
437     if (!creds) {
438         error_setg(errp, "Object with id '%s' is not TLS credentials",
439                    id);
440         return NULL;
441     }
442 
443     if (list) {
444         if (creds->endpoint != QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_CLIENT) {
445             error_setg(errp,
446                        "Expecting TLS credentials with a client endpoint");
447             return NULL;
448         }
449     } else {
450         if (creds->endpoint != QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_SERVER) {
451             error_setg(errp,
452                        "Expecting TLS credentials with a server endpoint");
453             return NULL;
454         }
455     }
456     object_ref(obj);
457     return creds;
458 }
459 
460 static void setup_address_and_port(const char **address, const char **port)
461 {
462     if (*address == NULL) {
463         *address = "0.0.0.0";
464     }
465 
466     if (*port == NULL) {
467         *port = stringify(NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
468     }
469 }
470 
471 /*
472  * Check socket parameters compatibility when socket activation is used.
473  */
474 static const char *socket_activation_validate_opts(const char *device,
475                                                    const char *sockpath,
476                                                    const char *address,
477                                                    const char *port,
478                                                    bool list)
479 {
480     if (device != NULL) {
481         return "NBD device can't be set when using socket activation";
482     }
483 
484     if (sockpath != NULL) {
485         return "Unix socket can't be set when using socket activation";
486     }
487 
488     if (address != NULL) {
489         return "The interface can't be set when using socket activation";
490     }
491 
492     if (port != NULL) {
493         return "TCP port number can't be set when using socket activation";
494     }
495 
496     if (list) {
497         return "List mode is incompatible with socket activation";
498     }
499 
500     return NULL;
501 }
502 
503 static void qemu_nbd_shutdown(void)
504 {
505     job_cancel_sync_all();
506     blk_exp_close_all();
507     bdrv_close_all();
508 }
509 
510 int main(int argc, char **argv)
511 {
512     BlockBackend *blk;
513     BlockDriverState *bs;
514     uint64_t dev_offset = 0;
515     bool readonly = false;
516     bool disconnect = false;
517     const char *bindto = NULL;
518     const char *port = NULL;
519     char *sockpath = NULL;
520     char *device = NULL;
521     QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
522     const char *sn_id_or_name = NULL;
523     const char *sopt = "hVb:o:p:rsnc:dvk:e:f:tl:x:T:D:AB:L";
524     struct option lopt[] = {
525         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
526         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
527         { "bind", required_argument, NULL, 'b' },
528         { "port", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
529         { "socket", required_argument, NULL, 'k' },
530         { "offset", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
531         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
532         { "allocation-depth", no_argument, NULL, 'A' },
533         { "bitmap", required_argument, NULL, 'B' },
534         { "connect", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
535         { "disconnect", no_argument, NULL, 'd' },
536         { "list", no_argument, NULL, 'L' },
537         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
538         { "load-snapshot", required_argument, NULL, 'l' },
539         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
540         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE },
541         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO },
542         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD },
543         { "detect-zeroes", required_argument, NULL,
544           QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES },
545         { "shared", required_argument, NULL, 'e' },
546         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
547         { "persistent", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
548         { "verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v' },
549         { "object", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT },
550         { "export-name", required_argument, NULL, 'x' },
551         { "description", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
552         { "tls-creds", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS },
553         { "tls-authz", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ },
554         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS },
555         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
556         { "fork", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK },
557         { "pid-file", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE },
558         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
559     };
560     int ch;
561     int opt_ind = 0;
562     int flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
563     int ret = 0;
564     bool seen_cache = false;
565     bool seen_discard = false;
566     bool seen_aio = false;
567     pthread_t client_thread;
568     const char *fmt = NULL;
569     Error *local_err = NULL;
570     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes = BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF;
571     QDict *options = NULL;
572     const char *export_name = NULL; /* defaults to "" later for server mode */
573     const char *export_description = NULL;
574     strList *bitmaps = NULL;
575     bool alloc_depth = false;
576     const char *tlscredsid = NULL;
577     bool imageOpts = false;
578     bool writethrough = true;
579     bool fork_process = false;
580     bool list = false;
581     int old_stderr = -1;
582     unsigned socket_activation;
583     const char *pid_file_name = NULL;
584     BlockExportOptions *export_opts;
585 
586 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
587     os_setup_early_signal_handling();
588     os_setup_signal_handling();
589 #endif
590 
591     socket_init();
592     error_init(argv[0]);
593     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
594     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
595 
596     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
597     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
598     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
599     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
600 
601     while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_ind)) != -1) {
602         switch (ch) {
603         case 's':
604             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
605             break;
606         case 'n':
607             optarg = (char *) "none";
608             /* fallthrough */
609         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE:
610             if (seen_cache) {
611                 error_report("-n and --cache can only be specified once");
612                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
613             }
614             seen_cache = true;
615             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) == -1) {
616                 error_report("Invalid cache mode `%s'", optarg);
617                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
618             }
619             break;
620         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO:
621             if (seen_aio) {
622                 error_report("--aio can only be specified once");
623                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
624             }
625             seen_aio = true;
626             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
627                 error_report("Invalid aio mode '%s'", optarg);
628                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
629             }
630             break;
631         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD:
632             if (seen_discard) {
633                 error_report("--discard can only be specified once");
634                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
635             }
636             seen_discard = true;
637             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
638                 error_report("Invalid discard mode `%s'", optarg);
639                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
640             }
641             break;
642         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES:
643             detect_zeroes =
644                 qapi_enum_parse(&BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_lookup,
645                                 optarg,
646                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF,
647                                 &local_err);
648             if (local_err) {
649                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
650                                   "Failed to parse detect_zeroes mode: ");
651                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
652             }
653             if (detect_zeroes == BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_UNMAP &&
654                 !(flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP)) {
655                 error_report("setting detect-zeroes to unmap is not allowed "
656                              "without setting discard operation to unmap");
657                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
658             }
659             break;
660         case 'b':
661             bindto = optarg;
662             break;
663         case 'p':
664             port = optarg;
665             break;
666         case 'o':
667             if (qemu_strtou64(optarg, NULL, 0, &dev_offset) < 0) {
668                 error_report("Invalid offset '%s'", optarg);
669                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
670             }
671             break;
672         case 'l':
673             if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
674                 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
675                                                   optarg, false);
676                 if (!sn_opts) {
677                     error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param `%s'",
678                                  optarg);
679                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
680                 }
681             } else {
682                 sn_id_or_name = optarg;
683             }
684             /* fall through */
685         case 'r':
686             readonly = true;
687             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
688             break;
689         case 'A':
690             alloc_depth = true;
691             break;
692         case 'B':
693             QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(bitmaps, g_strdup(optarg));
694             break;
695         case 'k':
696             sockpath = optarg;
697             if (sockpath[0] != '/') {
698                 error_report("socket path must be absolute");
699                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
700             }
701             break;
702         case 'd':
703             disconnect = true;
704             break;
705         case 'c':
706             device = optarg;
707             break;
708         case 'e':
709             if (qemu_strtoi(optarg, NULL, 0, &shared) < 0 ||
710                 shared < 1) {
711                 error_report("Invalid shared device number '%s'", optarg);
712                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
713             }
714             break;
715         case 'f':
716             fmt = optarg;
717             break;
718         case 't':
719             persistent = 1;
720             break;
721         case 'x':
722             export_name = optarg;
723             if (strlen(export_name) > NBD_MAX_STRING_SIZE) {
724                 error_report("export name '%s' too long", export_name);
725                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
726             }
727             break;
728         case 'D':
729             export_description = optarg;
730             if (strlen(export_description) > NBD_MAX_STRING_SIZE) {
731                 error_report("export description '%s' too long",
732                              export_description);
733                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
734             }
735             break;
736         case 'v':
737             verbose = 1;
738             break;
739         case 'V':
740             version(argv[0]);
741             exit(0);
742             break;
743         case 'h':
744             usage(argv[0]);
745             exit(0);
746             break;
747         case '?':
748             error_report("Try `%s --help' for more information.", argv[0]);
749             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
750         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT: {
751             QemuOpts *opts;
752             opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
753                                            optarg, true);
754             if (!opts) {
755                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
756             }
757         }   break;
758         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS:
759             tlscredsid = optarg;
760             break;
761         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS:
762             imageOpts = true;
763             break;
764         case 'T':
765             trace_opt_parse(optarg);
766             break;
767         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ:
768             tlsauthz = optarg;
769             break;
770         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK:
771             fork_process = true;
772             break;
773         case 'L':
774             list = true;
775             break;
776         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE:
777             pid_file_name = optarg;
778             break;
779         }
780     }
781 
782     if (list) {
783         if (argc != optind) {
784             error_report("List mode is incompatible with a file name");
785             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
786         }
787         if (export_name || export_description || dev_offset ||
788             device || disconnect || fmt || sn_id_or_name || bitmaps ||
789             alloc_depth || seen_aio || seen_discard || seen_cache) {
790             error_report("List mode is incompatible with per-device settings");
791             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
792         }
793         if (fork_process) {
794             error_report("List mode is incompatible with forking");
795             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
796         }
797     } else if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
798         error_report("Invalid number of arguments");
799         error_printf("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", argv[0]);
800         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
801     } else if (!export_name) {
802         export_name = "";
803     }
804 
805     qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
806                       user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
807                       qemu_nbd_object_print_help, &error_fatal);
808 
809     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
810         exit(1);
811     }
812     trace_init_file();
813     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
814 
815     socket_activation = check_socket_activation();
816     if (socket_activation == 0) {
817         setup_address_and_port(&bindto, &port);
818     } else {
819         /* Using socket activation - check user didn't use -p etc. */
820         const char *err_msg = socket_activation_validate_opts(device, sockpath,
821                                                               bindto, port,
822                                                               list);
823         if (err_msg != NULL) {
824             error_report("%s", err_msg);
825             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
826         }
827 
828         /* qemu-nbd can only listen on a single socket.  */
829         if (socket_activation > 1) {
830             error_report("qemu-nbd does not support socket activation with %s > 1",
831                          "LISTEN_FDS");
832             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
833         }
834     }
835 
836     if (tlscredsid) {
837         if (sockpath) {
838             error_report("TLS is only supported with IPv4/IPv6");
839             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
840         }
841         if (device) {
842             error_report("TLS is not supported with a host device");
843             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
844         }
845         if (tlsauthz && list) {
846             error_report("TLS authorization is incompatible with export list");
847             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
848         }
849         tlscreds = nbd_get_tls_creds(tlscredsid, list, &local_err);
850         if (local_err) {
851             error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to get TLS creds: ");
852             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
853         }
854     } else {
855         if (tlsauthz) {
856             error_report("--tls-authz is not permitted without --tls-creds");
857             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
858         }
859     }
860 
861     if (list) {
862         saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
863         return qemu_nbd_client_list(saddr, tlscreds, bindto);
864     }
865 
866 #if !HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
867     if (disconnect || device) {
868         error_report("Kernel /dev/nbdN support not available");
869         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
870     }
871 #else /* HAVE_NBD_DEVICE */
872     if (disconnect) {
873         int nbdfd = open(argv[optind], O_RDWR);
874         if (nbdfd < 0) {
875             error_report("Cannot open %s: %s", argv[optind],
876                          strerror(errno));
877             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
878         }
879         nbd_disconnect(nbdfd);
880 
881         close(nbdfd);
882 
883         printf("%s disconnected\n", argv[optind]);
884 
885         return 0;
886     }
887 #endif
888 
889     if ((device && !verbose) || fork_process) {
890 #ifndef WIN32
891         int stderr_fd[2];
892         pid_t pid;
893         int ret;
894 
895         if (qemu_pipe(stderr_fd) < 0) {
896             error_report("Error setting up communication pipe: %s",
897                          strerror(errno));
898             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
899         }
900 
901         /* Now daemonize, but keep a communication channel open to
902          * print errors and exit with the proper status code.
903          */
904         pid = fork();
905         if (pid < 0) {
906             error_report("Failed to fork: %s", strerror(errno));
907             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
908         } else if (pid == 0) {
909             close(stderr_fd[0]);
910 
911             /* Remember parent's stderr if we will be restoring it. */
912             if (fork_process) {
913                 old_stderr = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
914             }
915 
916             ret = qemu_daemon(1, 0);
917 
918             /* Temporarily redirect stderr to the parent's pipe...  */
919             dup2(stderr_fd[1], STDERR_FILENO);
920             if (ret < 0) {
921                 error_report("Failed to daemonize: %s", strerror(errno));
922                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
923             }
924 
925             /* ... close the descriptor we inherited and go on.  */
926             close(stderr_fd[1]);
927         } else {
928             bool errors = false;
929             char *buf;
930 
931             /* In the parent.  Print error messages from the child until
932              * it closes the pipe.
933              */
934             close(stderr_fd[1]);
935             buf = g_malloc(1024);
936             while ((ret = read(stderr_fd[0], buf, 1024)) > 0) {
937                 errors = true;
938                 ret = qemu_write_full(STDERR_FILENO, buf, ret);
939                 if (ret < 0) {
940                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
941                 }
942             }
943             if (ret < 0) {
944                 error_report("Cannot read from daemon: %s",
945                              strerror(errno));
946                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
947             }
948 
949             /* Usually the daemon should not print any message.
950              * Exit with zero status in that case.
951              */
952             exit(errors);
953         }
954 #else /* WIN32 */
955         error_report("Unable to fork into background on Windows hosts");
956         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
957 #endif /* WIN32 */
958     }
959 
960     if (device != NULL && sockpath == NULL) {
961         sockpath = g_malloc(128);
962         snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(device));
963     }
964 
965     server = qio_net_listener_new();
966     if (socket_activation == 0) {
967         saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
968         if (qio_net_listener_open_sync(server, saddr, 1, &local_err) < 0) {
969             object_unref(OBJECT(server));
970             error_report_err(local_err);
971             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
972         }
973     } else {
974         size_t i;
975         /* See comment in check_socket_activation above. */
976         for (i = 0; i < socket_activation; i++) {
977             QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
978             sioc = qio_channel_socket_new_fd(FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD + i,
979                                              &local_err);
980             if (sioc == NULL) {
981                 object_unref(OBJECT(server));
982                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
983                                   "Failed to use socket activation: ");
984                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
985             }
986             qio_net_listener_add(server, sioc);
987             object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
988         }
989     }
990 
991     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_err)) {
992         error_report_err(local_err);
993         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
994     }
995     bdrv_init();
996     atexit(qemu_nbd_shutdown);
997 
998     srcpath = argv[optind];
999     if (imageOpts) {
1000         QemuOpts *opts;
1001         if (fmt) {
1002             error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
1003             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1004         }
1005         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, srcpath, true);
1006         if (!opts) {
1007             qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
1008             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1009         }
1010         options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
1011         qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
1012         blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
1013     } else {
1014         if (fmt) {
1015             options = qdict_new();
1016             qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
1017         }
1018         blk = blk_new_open(srcpath, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
1019     }
1020 
1021     if (!blk) {
1022         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to blk_new_open '%s': ",
1023                           argv[optind]);
1024         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1025     }
1026     bs = blk_bs(blk);
1027 
1028     if (dev_offset) {
1029         QDict *raw_opts = qdict_new();
1030         qdict_put_str(raw_opts, "driver", "raw");
1031         qdict_put_str(raw_opts, "file", bs->node_name);
1032         qdict_put_int(raw_opts, "offset", dev_offset);
1033         bs = bdrv_open(NULL, NULL, raw_opts, flags, &error_fatal);
1034         blk_remove_bs(blk);
1035         blk_insert_bs(blk, bs, &error_fatal);
1036         bdrv_unref(bs);
1037     }
1038 
1039     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
1040 
1041     if (sn_opts) {
1042         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs,
1043                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1044                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1045                                      &local_err);
1046     } else if (sn_id_or_name) {
1047         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs, sn_id_or_name,
1048                                                    &local_err);
1049     }
1050     if (ret < 0) {
1051         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
1052         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1053     }
1054 
1055     bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
1056 
1057     nbd_server_is_qemu_nbd(true);
1058 
1059     export_opts = g_new(BlockExportOptions, 1);
1060     *export_opts = (BlockExportOptions) {
1061         .type               = BLOCK_EXPORT_TYPE_NBD,
1062         .id                 = g_strdup("qemu-nbd-export"),
1063         .node_name          = g_strdup(bdrv_get_node_name(bs)),
1064         .has_writethrough   = true,
1065         .writethrough       = writethrough,
1066         .has_writable       = true,
1067         .writable           = !readonly,
1068         .u.nbd = {
1069             .has_name             = true,
1070             .name                 = g_strdup(export_name),
1071             .has_description      = !!export_description,
1072             .description          = g_strdup(export_description),
1073             .has_bitmaps          = !!bitmaps,
1074             .bitmaps              = bitmaps,
1075             .has_allocation_depth = alloc_depth,
1076             .allocation_depth     = alloc_depth,
1077         },
1078     };
1079     blk_exp_add(export_opts, &error_fatal);
1080     qapi_free_BlockExportOptions(export_opts);
1081 
1082     if (device) {
1083 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
1084         int ret;
1085 
1086         ret = pthread_create(&client_thread, NULL, nbd_client_thread, device);
1087         if (ret != 0) {
1088             error_report("Failed to create client thread: %s", strerror(ret));
1089             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1090         }
1091 #endif
1092     } else {
1093         /* Shut up GCC warnings.  */
1094         memset(&client_thread, 0, sizeof(client_thread));
1095     }
1096 
1097     nbd_update_server_watch();
1098 
1099     if (pid_file_name) {
1100         qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file_name, &error_fatal);
1101     }
1102 
1103     /* now when the initialization is (almost) complete, chdir("/")
1104      * to free any busy filesystems */
1105     if (chdir("/") < 0) {
1106         error_report("Could not chdir to root directory: %s",
1107                      strerror(errno));
1108         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1109     }
1110 
1111     if (fork_process) {
1112         dup2(old_stderr, STDERR_FILENO);
1113         close(old_stderr);
1114     }
1115 
1116     state = RUNNING;
1117     do {
1118         main_loop_wait(false);
1119         if (state == TERMINATE) {
1120             blk_exp_close_all();
1121             state = TERMINATED;
1122         }
1123     } while (state != TERMINATED);
1124 
1125     blk_unref(blk);
1126     if (sockpath) {
1127         unlink(sockpath);
1128     }
1129 
1130     qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1131 
1132     if (device) {
1133         void *ret;
1134         pthread_join(client_thread, &ret);
1135         exit(ret != NULL);
1136     } else {
1137         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
1138     }
1139 }
1140