xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-nbd.c (revision 795c40b8)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
3  *
4  *  Network Block Device
5  *
6  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
9  *
10  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
14  *
15  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17  */
18 
19 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
20 #include "qapi/error.h"
21 #include "qemu-common.h"
22 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
23 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
24 #include "block/block_int.h"
25 #include "block/nbd.h"
26 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
27 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
28 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
29 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
30 #include "qemu/log.h"
31 #include "qemu/systemd.h"
32 #include "block/snapshot.h"
33 #include "qapi/util.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
36 #include "io/channel-socket.h"
37 #include "crypto/init.h"
38 #include "trace/control.h"
39 
40 #include <getopt.h>
41 #include <libgen.h>
42 #include <pthread.h>
43 
44 #define SOCKET_PATH                "/var/lock/qemu-nbd-%s"
45 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE         256
46 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO           257
47 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD       258
48 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES 259
49 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT        260
50 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS      261
51 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS    262
52 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK          263
53 
54 #define MBR_SIZE 512
55 
56 static NBDExport *exp;
57 static bool newproto;
58 static int verbose;
59 static char *srcpath;
60 static SocketAddress *saddr;
61 static int persistent = 0;
62 static enum { RUNNING, TERMINATE, TERMINATING, TERMINATED } state;
63 static int shared = 1;
64 static int nb_fds;
65 static QIOChannelSocket *server_ioc;
66 static int server_watch = -1;
67 static QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
68 
69 static void usage(const char *name)
70 {
71     (printf) (
72 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILE\n"
73 "QEMU Disk Network Block Device Server\n"
74 "\n"
75 "  -h, --help                display this help and exit\n"
76 "  -V, --version             output version information and exit\n"
77 "\n"
78 "Connection properties:\n"
79 "  -p, --port=PORT           port to listen on (default `%d')\n"
80 "  -b, --bind=IFACE          interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')\n"
81 "  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket\n"
82 "                            (default '"SOCKET_PATH"')\n"
83 "  -e, --shared=NUM          device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')\n"
84 "  -t, --persistent          don't exit on the last connection\n"
85 "  -v, --verbose             display extra debugging information\n"
86 "  -x, --export-name=NAME    expose export by name\n"
87 "  -D, --description=TEXT    with -x, also export a human-readable description\n"
88 "\n"
89 "Exposing part of the image:\n"
90 "  -o, --offset=OFFSET       offset into the image\n"
91 "  -P, --partition=NUM       only expose partition NUM\n"
92 "\n"
93 "General purpose options:\n"
94 "  --object type,id=ID,...   define an object such as 'secret' for providing\n"
95 "                            passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
96 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
97 "                            specify tracing options\n"
98 "  --fork                    fork off the server process and exit the parent\n"
99 "                            once the server is running\n"
100 #ifdef __linux__
101 "Kernel NBD client support:\n"
102 "  -c, --connect=DEV         connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV\n"
103 "  -d, --disconnect          disconnect the specified device\n"
104 "\n"
105 #endif
106 "\n"
107 "Block device options:\n"
108 "  -f, --format=FORMAT       set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)\n"
109 "  -r, --read-only           export read-only\n"
110 "  -s, --snapshot            use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary\n"
111 "                            file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to\n"
112 "                            the temporary one\n"
113 "  -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM\n"
114 "                            load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it\n"
115 "                            as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is\n"
116 "                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
117 "                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
118 "  -n, --nocache             disable host cache\n"
119 "      --cache=MODE          set cache mode (none, writeback, ...)\n"
120 "      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native or threads)\n"
121 "      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)\n"
122 "      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, unmap)\n"
123 "      --image-opts          treat FILE as a full set of image options\n"
124 "\n"
125 "Report bugs to <qemu-devel@nongnu.org>\n"
126     , name, NBD_DEFAULT_PORT, "DEVICE");
127 }
128 
129 static void version(const char *name)
130 {
131     printf(
132 "%s version 0.0.1\n"
133 "Written by Anthony Liguori.\n"
134 "\n"
135 "Copyright (C) 2006 Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>.\n"
136 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO\n"
137 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
138     , name);
139 }
140 
141 struct partition_record
142 {
143     uint8_t bootable;
144     uint8_t start_head;
145     uint32_t start_cylinder;
146     uint8_t start_sector;
147     uint8_t system;
148     uint8_t end_head;
149     uint8_t end_cylinder;
150     uint8_t end_sector;
151     uint32_t start_sector_abs;
152     uint32_t nb_sectors_abs;
153 };
154 
155 static void read_partition(uint8_t *p, struct partition_record *r)
156 {
157     r->bootable = p[0];
158     r->start_head = p[1];
159     r->start_cylinder = p[3] | ((p[2] << 2) & 0x0300);
160     r->start_sector = p[2] & 0x3f;
161     r->system = p[4];
162     r->end_head = p[5];
163     r->end_cylinder = p[7] | ((p[6] << 2) & 0x300);
164     r->end_sector = p[6] & 0x3f;
165 
166     r->start_sector_abs = ldl_le_p(p + 8);
167     r->nb_sectors_abs   = ldl_le_p(p + 12);
168 }
169 
170 static int find_partition(BlockBackend *blk, int partition,
171                           off_t *offset, off_t *size)
172 {
173     struct partition_record mbr[4];
174     uint8_t data[MBR_SIZE];
175     int i;
176     int ext_partnum = 4;
177     int ret;
178 
179     ret = blk_pread(blk, 0, data, sizeof(data));
180     if (ret < 0) {
181         error_report("error while reading: %s", strerror(-ret));
182         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
183     }
184 
185     if (data[510] != 0x55 || data[511] != 0xaa) {
186         return -EINVAL;
187     }
188 
189     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
190         read_partition(&data[446 + 16 * i], &mbr[i]);
191 
192         if (!mbr[i].system || !mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs) {
193             continue;
194         }
195 
196         if (mbr[i].system == 0xF || mbr[i].system == 0x5) {
197             struct partition_record ext[4];
198             uint8_t data1[MBR_SIZE];
199             int j;
200 
201             ret = blk_pread(blk, mbr[i].start_sector_abs * MBR_SIZE,
202                             data1, sizeof(data1));
203             if (ret < 0) {
204                 error_report("error while reading: %s", strerror(-ret));
205                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
206             }
207 
208             for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
209                 read_partition(&data1[446 + 16 * j], &ext[j]);
210                 if (!ext[j].system || !ext[j].nb_sectors_abs) {
211                     continue;
212                 }
213 
214                 if ((ext_partnum + j + 1) == partition) {
215                     *offset = (uint64_t)ext[j].start_sector_abs << 9;
216                     *size = (uint64_t)ext[j].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
217                     return 0;
218                 }
219             }
220             ext_partnum += 4;
221         } else if ((i + 1) == partition) {
222             *offset = (uint64_t)mbr[i].start_sector_abs << 9;
223             *size = (uint64_t)mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
224             return 0;
225         }
226     }
227 
228     return -ENOENT;
229 }
230 
231 static void termsig_handler(int signum)
232 {
233     atomic_cmpxchg(&state, RUNNING, TERMINATE);
234     qemu_notify_event();
235 }
236 
237 
238 static void *show_parts(void *arg)
239 {
240     char *device = arg;
241     int nbd;
242 
243     /* linux just needs an open() to trigger
244      * the partition table update
245      * but remember to load the module with max_part != 0 :
246      *     modprobe nbd max_part=63
247      */
248     nbd = open(device, O_RDWR);
249     if (nbd >= 0) {
250         close(nbd);
251     }
252     return NULL;
253 }
254 
255 static void *nbd_client_thread(void *arg)
256 {
257     char *device = arg;
258     off_t size;
259     uint16_t nbdflags;
260     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
261     int fd;
262     int ret;
263     pthread_t show_parts_thread;
264     Error *local_error = NULL;
265 
266     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
267     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc,
268                                         saddr,
269                                         &local_error) < 0) {
270         error_report_err(local_error);
271         goto out;
272     }
273 
274     ret = nbd_receive_negotiate(QIO_CHANNEL(sioc), NULL, &nbdflags,
275                                 NULL, NULL, NULL,
276                                 &size, &local_error);
277     if (ret < 0) {
278         if (local_error) {
279             error_report_err(local_error);
280         }
281         goto out_socket;
282     }
283 
284     fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
285     if (fd < 0) {
286         /* Linux-only, we can use %m in printf.  */
287         error_report("Failed to open %s: %m", device);
288         goto out_socket;
289     }
290 
291     ret = nbd_init(fd, sioc, nbdflags, size);
292     if (ret < 0) {
293         goto out_fd;
294     }
295 
296     /* update partition table */
297     pthread_create(&show_parts_thread, NULL, show_parts, device);
298 
299     if (verbose) {
300         fprintf(stderr, "NBD device %s is now connected to %s\n",
301                 device, srcpath);
302     } else {
303         /* Close stderr so that the qemu-nbd process exits.  */
304         dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
305     }
306 
307     ret = nbd_client(fd);
308     if (ret) {
309         goto out_fd;
310     }
311     close(fd);
312     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
313     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
314     return (void *) EXIT_SUCCESS;
315 
316 out_fd:
317     close(fd);
318 out_socket:
319     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
320 out:
321     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
322     return (void *) EXIT_FAILURE;
323 }
324 
325 static int nbd_can_accept(void)
326 {
327     return nb_fds < shared;
328 }
329 
330 static void nbd_export_closed(NBDExport *exp)
331 {
332     assert(state == TERMINATING);
333     state = TERMINATED;
334 }
335 
336 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void);
337 
338 static void nbd_client_closed(NBDClient *client)
339 {
340     nb_fds--;
341     if (nb_fds == 0 && !persistent && state == RUNNING) {
342         state = TERMINATE;
343     }
344     nbd_update_server_watch();
345     nbd_client_put(client);
346 }
347 
348 static gboolean nbd_accept(QIOChannel *ioc, GIOCondition cond, gpointer opaque)
349 {
350     QIOChannelSocket *cioc;
351 
352     cioc = qio_channel_socket_accept(QIO_CHANNEL_SOCKET(ioc),
353                                      NULL);
354     if (!cioc) {
355         return TRUE;
356     }
357 
358     if (state >= TERMINATE) {
359         object_unref(OBJECT(cioc));
360         return TRUE;
361     }
362 
363     nb_fds++;
364     nbd_update_server_watch();
365     nbd_client_new(newproto ? NULL : exp, cioc,
366                    tlscreds, NULL, nbd_client_closed);
367     object_unref(OBJECT(cioc));
368 
369     return TRUE;
370 }
371 
372 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
373 {
374     if (nbd_can_accept()) {
375         if (server_watch == -1) {
376             server_watch = qio_channel_add_watch(QIO_CHANNEL(server_ioc),
377                                                  G_IO_IN,
378                                                  nbd_accept,
379                                                  NULL, NULL);
380         }
381     } else {
382         if (server_watch != -1) {
383             g_source_remove(server_watch);
384             server_watch = -1;
385         }
386     }
387 }
388 
389 
390 static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_address(const char *sockpath,
391                                                const char *bindto,
392                                                const char *port)
393 {
394     SocketAddress *saddr;
395 
396     saddr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
397     if (sockpath) {
398         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_UNIX;
399         saddr->u.q_unix.path = g_strdup(sockpath);
400     } else {
401         InetSocketAddress *inet;
402         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET;
403         inet = &saddr->u.inet;
404         inet->host = g_strdup(bindto);
405         if (port) {
406             inet->port = g_strdup(port);
407         } else  {
408             inet->port = g_strdup_printf("%d", NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
409         }
410     }
411 
412     return saddr;
413 }
414 
415 
416 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
417     .name = "file",
418     .implied_opt_name = "file",
419     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
420     .desc = {
421         /* no elements => accept any params */
422         { /* end of list */ }
423     },
424 };
425 
426 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
427     .name = "object",
428     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
429     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
430     .desc = {
431         { }
432     },
433 };
434 
435 
436 
437 static QCryptoTLSCreds *nbd_get_tls_creds(const char *id, Error **errp)
438 {
439     Object *obj;
440     QCryptoTLSCreds *creds;
441 
442     obj = object_resolve_path_component(
443         object_get_objects_root(), id);
444     if (!obj) {
445         error_setg(errp, "No TLS credentials with id '%s'",
446                    id);
447         return NULL;
448     }
449     creds = (QCryptoTLSCreds *)
450         object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS);
451     if (!creds) {
452         error_setg(errp, "Object with id '%s' is not TLS credentials",
453                    id);
454         return NULL;
455     }
456 
457     if (creds->endpoint != QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_SERVER) {
458         error_setg(errp,
459                    "Expecting TLS credentials with a server endpoint");
460         return NULL;
461     }
462     object_ref(obj);
463     return creds;
464 }
465 
466 static void setup_address_and_port(const char **address, const char **port)
467 {
468     if (*address == NULL) {
469         *address = "0.0.0.0";
470     }
471 
472     if (*port == NULL) {
473         *port = stringify(NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
474     }
475 }
476 
477 /*
478  * Check socket parameters compatibility when socket activation is used.
479  */
480 static const char *socket_activation_validate_opts(const char *device,
481                                                    const char *sockpath,
482                                                    const char *address,
483                                                    const char *port)
484 {
485     if (device != NULL) {
486         return "NBD device can't be set when using socket activation";
487     }
488 
489     if (sockpath != NULL) {
490         return "Unix socket can't be set when using socket activation";
491     }
492 
493     if (address != NULL) {
494         return "The interface can't be set when using socket activation";
495     }
496 
497     if (port != NULL) {
498         return "TCP port number can't be set when using socket activation";
499     }
500 
501     return NULL;
502 }
503 
504 int main(int argc, char **argv)
505 {
506     BlockBackend *blk;
507     BlockDriverState *bs;
508     off_t dev_offset = 0;
509     uint16_t nbdflags = 0;
510     bool disconnect = false;
511     const char *bindto = NULL;
512     const char *port = NULL;
513     char *sockpath = NULL;
514     char *device = NULL;
515     off_t fd_size;
516     QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
517     const char *sn_id_or_name = NULL;
518     const char *sopt = "hVb:o:p:rsnP:c:dvk:e:f:tl:x:T:D:";
519     struct option lopt[] = {
520         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
521         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
522         { "bind", required_argument, NULL, 'b' },
523         { "port", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
524         { "socket", required_argument, NULL, 'k' },
525         { "offset", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
526         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
527         { "partition", required_argument, NULL, 'P' },
528         { "connect", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
529         { "disconnect", no_argument, NULL, 'd' },
530         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
531         { "load-snapshot", required_argument, NULL, 'l' },
532         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
533         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE },
534         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO },
535         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD },
536         { "detect-zeroes", required_argument, NULL,
537           QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES },
538         { "shared", required_argument, NULL, 'e' },
539         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
540         { "persistent", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
541         { "verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v' },
542         { "object", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT },
543         { "export-name", required_argument, NULL, 'x' },
544         { "description", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
545         { "tls-creds", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS },
546         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS },
547         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
548         { "fork", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK },
549         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
550     };
551     int ch;
552     int opt_ind = 0;
553     char *end;
554     int flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
555     int partition = -1;
556     int ret = 0;
557     bool seen_cache = false;
558     bool seen_discard = false;
559     bool seen_aio = false;
560     pthread_t client_thread;
561     const char *fmt = NULL;
562     Error *local_err = NULL;
563     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes = BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF;
564     QDict *options = NULL;
565     const char *export_name = NULL;
566     const char *export_description = NULL;
567     const char *tlscredsid = NULL;
568     bool imageOpts = false;
569     bool writethrough = true;
570     char *trace_file = NULL;
571     bool fork_process = false;
572     int old_stderr = -1;
573     unsigned socket_activation;
574 
575     /* The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server.  A signal
576      * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
577      */
578     struct sigaction sa_sigterm;
579     memset(&sa_sigterm, 0, sizeof(sa_sigterm));
580     sa_sigterm.sa_handler = termsig_handler;
581     sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa_sigterm, NULL);
582 
583     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
584     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
585 
586     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
587     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
588     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
589     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
590 
591     while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_ind)) != -1) {
592         switch (ch) {
593         case 's':
594             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
595             break;
596         case 'n':
597             optarg = (char *) "none";
598             /* fallthrough */
599         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE:
600             if (seen_cache) {
601                 error_report("-n and --cache can only be specified once");
602                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
603             }
604             seen_cache = true;
605             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) == -1) {
606                 error_report("Invalid cache mode `%s'", optarg);
607                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
608             }
609             break;
610         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO:
611             if (seen_aio) {
612                 error_report("--aio can only be specified once");
613                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
614             }
615             seen_aio = true;
616             if (!strcmp(optarg, "native")) {
617                 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
618             } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "threads")) {
619                 /* this is the default */
620             } else {
621                error_report("invalid aio mode `%s'", optarg);
622                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
623             }
624             break;
625         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD:
626             if (seen_discard) {
627                 error_report("--discard can only be specified once");
628                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
629             }
630             seen_discard = true;
631             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
632                 error_report("Invalid discard mode `%s'", optarg);
633                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
634             }
635             break;
636         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES:
637             detect_zeroes =
638                 qapi_enum_parse(BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_lookup,
639                                 optarg,
640                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS__MAX,
641                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF,
642                                 &local_err);
643             if (local_err) {
644                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
645                                   "Failed to parse detect_zeroes mode: ");
646                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
647             }
648             if (detect_zeroes == BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_UNMAP &&
649                 !(flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP)) {
650                 error_report("setting detect-zeroes to unmap is not allowed "
651                              "without setting discard operation to unmap");
652                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
653             }
654             break;
655         case 'b':
656             bindto = optarg;
657             break;
658         case 'p':
659             port = optarg;
660             break;
661         case 'o':
662                 dev_offset = strtoll (optarg, &end, 0);
663             if (*end) {
664                 error_report("Invalid offset `%s'", optarg);
665                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
666             }
667             if (dev_offset < 0) {
668                 error_report("Offset must be positive `%s'", optarg);
669                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
670             }
671             break;
672         case 'l':
673             if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
674                 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
675                                                   optarg, false);
676                 if (!sn_opts) {
677                     error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param `%s'",
678                                  optarg);
679                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
680                 }
681             } else {
682                 sn_id_or_name = optarg;
683             }
684             /* fall through */
685         case 'r':
686             nbdflags |= NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY;
687             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
688             break;
689         case 'P':
690             partition = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
691             if (*end) {
692                 error_report("Invalid partition `%s'", optarg);
693                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
694             }
695             if (partition < 1 || partition > 8) {
696                 error_report("Invalid partition %d", partition);
697                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
698             }
699             break;
700         case 'k':
701             sockpath = optarg;
702             if (sockpath[0] != '/') {
703                 error_report("socket path must be absolute");
704                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
705             }
706             break;
707         case 'd':
708             disconnect = true;
709             break;
710         case 'c':
711             device = optarg;
712             break;
713         case 'e':
714             shared = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
715             if (*end) {
716                 error_report("Invalid shared device number '%s'", optarg);
717                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
718             }
719             if (shared < 1) {
720                 error_report("Shared device number must be greater than 0");
721                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
722             }
723             break;
724         case 'f':
725             fmt = optarg;
726             break;
727         case 't':
728             persistent = 1;
729             break;
730         case 'x':
731             export_name = optarg;
732             break;
733         case 'D':
734             export_description = optarg;
735             break;
736         case 'v':
737             verbose = 1;
738             break;
739         case 'V':
740             version(argv[0]);
741             exit(0);
742             break;
743         case 'h':
744             usage(argv[0]);
745             exit(0);
746             break;
747         case '?':
748             error_report("Try `%s --help' for more information.", argv[0]);
749             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
750         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT: {
751             QemuOpts *opts;
752             opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
753                                            optarg, true);
754             if (!opts) {
755                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
756             }
757         }   break;
758         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS:
759             tlscredsid = optarg;
760             break;
761         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS:
762             imageOpts = true;
763             break;
764         case 'T':
765             g_free(trace_file);
766             trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
767             break;
768         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK:
769             fork_process = true;
770             break;
771         }
772     }
773 
774     if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
775         error_report("Invalid number of arguments");
776         error_printf("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", argv[0]);
777         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
778     }
779 
780     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
781                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
782                           NULL, NULL)) {
783         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
784     }
785 
786     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
787         exit(1);
788     }
789     trace_init_file(trace_file);
790     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
791 
792     socket_activation = check_socket_activation();
793     if (socket_activation == 0) {
794         setup_address_and_port(&bindto, &port);
795     } else {
796         /* Using socket activation - check user didn't use -p etc. */
797         const char *err_msg = socket_activation_validate_opts(device, sockpath,
798                                                               bindto, port);
799         if (err_msg != NULL) {
800             error_report("%s", err_msg);
801             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
802         }
803 
804         /* qemu-nbd can only listen on a single socket.  */
805         if (socket_activation > 1) {
806             error_report("qemu-nbd does not support socket activation with %s > 1",
807                          "LISTEN_FDS");
808             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
809         }
810     }
811 
812     if (tlscredsid) {
813         if (sockpath) {
814             error_report("TLS is only supported with IPv4/IPv6");
815             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
816         }
817         if (device) {
818             error_report("TLS is not supported with a host device");
819             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
820         }
821         if (!export_name) {
822             /* Set the default NBD protocol export name, since
823              * we *must* use new style protocol for TLS */
824             export_name = "";
825         }
826         tlscreds = nbd_get_tls_creds(tlscredsid, &local_err);
827         if (local_err) {
828             error_report("Failed to get TLS creds %s",
829                          error_get_pretty(local_err));
830             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
831         }
832     }
833 
834     if (disconnect) {
835         int nbdfd = open(argv[optind], O_RDWR);
836         if (nbdfd < 0) {
837             error_report("Cannot open %s: %s", argv[optind],
838                          strerror(errno));
839             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
840         }
841         nbd_disconnect(nbdfd);
842 
843         close(nbdfd);
844 
845         printf("%s disconnected\n", argv[optind]);
846 
847         return 0;
848     }
849 
850     if ((device && !verbose) || fork_process) {
851         int stderr_fd[2];
852         pid_t pid;
853         int ret;
854 
855         if (qemu_pipe(stderr_fd) < 0) {
856             error_report("Error setting up communication pipe: %s",
857                          strerror(errno));
858             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
859         }
860 
861         /* Now daemonize, but keep a communication channel open to
862          * print errors and exit with the proper status code.
863          */
864         pid = fork();
865         if (pid < 0) {
866             error_report("Failed to fork: %s", strerror(errno));
867             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
868         } else if (pid == 0) {
869             close(stderr_fd[0]);
870             ret = qemu_daemon(1, 0);
871 
872             /* Temporarily redirect stderr to the parent's pipe...  */
873             old_stderr = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
874             dup2(stderr_fd[1], STDERR_FILENO);
875             if (ret < 0) {
876                 error_report("Failed to daemonize: %s", strerror(errno));
877                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
878             }
879 
880             /* ... close the descriptor we inherited and go on.  */
881             close(stderr_fd[1]);
882         } else {
883             bool errors = false;
884             char *buf;
885 
886             /* In the parent.  Print error messages from the child until
887              * it closes the pipe.
888              */
889             close(stderr_fd[1]);
890             buf = g_malloc(1024);
891             while ((ret = read(stderr_fd[0], buf, 1024)) > 0) {
892                 errors = true;
893                 ret = qemu_write_full(STDERR_FILENO, buf, ret);
894                 if (ret < 0) {
895                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
896                 }
897             }
898             if (ret < 0) {
899                 error_report("Cannot read from daemon: %s",
900                              strerror(errno));
901                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
902             }
903 
904             /* Usually the daemon should not print any message.
905              * Exit with zero status in that case.
906              */
907             exit(errors);
908         }
909     }
910 
911     if (device != NULL && sockpath == NULL) {
912         sockpath = g_malloc(128);
913         snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(device));
914     }
915 
916     if (socket_activation == 0) {
917         server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
918         saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
919         if (qio_channel_socket_listen_sync(server_ioc, saddr, &local_err) < 0) {
920             object_unref(OBJECT(server_ioc));
921             error_report_err(local_err);
922             return 1;
923         }
924     } else {
925         /* See comment in check_socket_activation above. */
926         assert(socket_activation == 1);
927         server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new_fd(FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD,
928                                                &local_err);
929         if (server_ioc == NULL) {
930             error_report("Failed to use socket activation: %s",
931                          error_get_pretty(local_err));
932             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
933         }
934     }
935 
936     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_err)) {
937         error_report_err(local_err);
938         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
939     }
940     bdrv_init();
941     atexit(bdrv_close_all);
942 
943     srcpath = argv[optind];
944     if (imageOpts) {
945         QemuOpts *opts;
946         if (fmt) {
947             error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
948             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
949         }
950         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, srcpath, true);
951         if (!opts) {
952             qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
953             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
954         }
955         options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
956         qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
957         blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
958     } else {
959         if (fmt) {
960             options = qdict_new();
961             qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
962         }
963         blk = blk_new_open(srcpath, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
964     }
965 
966     if (!blk) {
967         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to blk_new_open '%s': ",
968                           argv[optind]);
969         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
970     }
971     bs = blk_bs(blk);
972 
973     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
974 
975     if (sn_opts) {
976         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs,
977                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
978                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
979                                      &local_err);
980     } else if (sn_id_or_name) {
981         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs, sn_id_or_name,
982                                                    &local_err);
983     }
984     if (ret < 0) {
985         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
986         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
987     }
988 
989     bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
990     fd_size = blk_getlength(blk);
991     if (fd_size < 0) {
992         error_report("Failed to determine the image length: %s",
993                      strerror(-fd_size));
994         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
995     }
996 
997     if (dev_offset >= fd_size) {
998         error_report("Offset (%lld) has to be smaller than the image size "
999                      "(%lld)",
1000                      (long long int)dev_offset, (long long int)fd_size);
1001         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1002     }
1003     fd_size -= dev_offset;
1004 
1005     if (partition != -1) {
1006         ret = find_partition(blk, partition, &dev_offset, &fd_size);
1007         if (ret < 0) {
1008             error_report("Could not find partition %d: %s", partition,
1009                          strerror(-ret));
1010             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1011         }
1012     }
1013 
1014     exp = nbd_export_new(bs, dev_offset, fd_size, nbdflags, nbd_export_closed,
1015                          writethrough, NULL, &local_err);
1016     if (!exp) {
1017         error_report_err(local_err);
1018         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1019     }
1020     if (export_name) {
1021         nbd_export_set_name(exp, export_name);
1022         nbd_export_set_description(exp, export_description);
1023         newproto = true;
1024     } else if (export_description) {
1025         error_report("Export description requires an export name");
1026         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1027     }
1028 
1029     if (device) {
1030         int ret;
1031 
1032         ret = pthread_create(&client_thread, NULL, nbd_client_thread, device);
1033         if (ret != 0) {
1034             error_report("Failed to create client thread: %s", strerror(ret));
1035             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1036         }
1037     } else {
1038         /* Shut up GCC warnings.  */
1039         memset(&client_thread, 0, sizeof(client_thread));
1040     }
1041 
1042     nbd_update_server_watch();
1043 
1044     /* now when the initialization is (almost) complete, chdir("/")
1045      * to free any busy filesystems */
1046     if (chdir("/") < 0) {
1047         error_report("Could not chdir to root directory: %s",
1048                      strerror(errno));
1049         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1050     }
1051 
1052     if (fork_process) {
1053         dup2(old_stderr, STDERR_FILENO);
1054         close(old_stderr);
1055     }
1056 
1057     state = RUNNING;
1058     do {
1059         main_loop_wait(false);
1060         if (state == TERMINATE) {
1061             state = TERMINATING;
1062             nbd_export_close(exp);
1063             nbd_export_put(exp);
1064             exp = NULL;
1065         }
1066     } while (state != TERMINATED);
1067 
1068     blk_unref(blk);
1069     if (sockpath) {
1070         unlink(sockpath);
1071     }
1072 
1073     qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1074 
1075     if (device) {
1076         void *ret;
1077         pthread_join(client_thread, &ret);
1078         exit(ret != NULL);
1079     } else {
1080         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
1081     }
1082 }
1083