xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-nbd.c (revision 782ee711)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
3  *
4  *  Network Block Device
5  *
6  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
9  *
10  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
14  *
15  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17  */
18 
19 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
20 #include <getopt.h>
21 #include <libgen.h>
22 #include <pthread.h>
23 
24 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
25 #include "qapi/error.h"
26 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
27 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
28 #include "sysemu/runstate.h" /* for qemu_system_killed() prototype */
29 #include "block/block_int.h"
30 #include "block/nbd.h"
31 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
32 #include "qemu/module.h"
33 #include "qemu/option.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
35 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
36 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
37 #include "qemu/log.h"
38 #include "qemu/systemd.h"
39 #include "block/snapshot.h"
40 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
41 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
42 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
43 #include "io/channel-socket.h"
44 #include "io/net-listener.h"
45 #include "crypto/init.h"
46 #include "crypto/tlscreds.h"
47 #include "trace/control.h"
48 #include "qemu-version.h"
49 
50 #ifdef CONFIG_SELINUX
51 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
52 #endif
53 
54 #ifdef __linux__
55 #define HAVE_NBD_DEVICE 1
56 #else
57 #define HAVE_NBD_DEVICE 0
58 #endif
59 
60 #define SOCKET_PATH                "/var/lock/qemu-nbd-%s"
61 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE         256
62 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO           257
63 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD       258
64 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES 259
65 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT        260
66 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS      261
67 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS    262
68 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK          263
69 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ      264
70 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE      265
71 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_SELINUX_LABEL 266
72 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSHOSTNAME   267
73 
74 #define MBR_SIZE 512
75 
76 static int persistent = 0;
77 static enum { RUNNING, TERMINATE, TERMINATED } state;
78 static int shared = 1;
79 static int nb_fds;
80 static QIONetListener *server;
81 static QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
82 static const char *tlsauthz;
83 
84 static void usage(const char *name)
85 {
86     (printf) (
87 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILE\n"
88 "  or:  %s -L [OPTIONS]\n"
89 "QEMU Disk Network Block Device Utility\n"
90 "\n"
91 "  -h, --help                display this help and exit\n"
92 "  -V, --version             output version information and exit\n"
93 "\n"
94 "Connection properties:\n"
95 "  -p, --port=PORT           port to listen on (default `%d')\n"
96 "  -b, --bind=IFACE          interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')\n"
97 "  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket\n"
98 "                            (default '"SOCKET_PATH"')\n"
99 "  -e, --shared=NUM          device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')\n"
100 "  -t, --persistent          don't exit on the last connection\n"
101 "  -v, --verbose             display extra debugging information\n"
102 "  -x, --export-name=NAME    expose export by name (default is empty string)\n"
103 "  -D, --description=TEXT    export a human-readable description\n"
104 "\n"
105 "Exposing part of the image:\n"
106 "  -o, --offset=OFFSET       offset into the image\n"
107 "  -A, --allocation-depth    expose the allocation depth\n"
108 "  -B, --bitmap=NAME         expose a persistent dirty bitmap\n"
109 "\n"
110 "General purpose options:\n"
111 "  -L, --list                list exports available from another NBD server\n"
112 "  --object type,id=ID,...   define an object such as 'secret' for providing\n"
113 "                            passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
114 "  --tls-creds=ID            use id of an earlier --object to provide TLS\n"
115 "  --tls-authz=ID            use id of an earlier --object to provide\n"
116 "                            authorization\n"
117 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
118 "                            specify tracing options\n"
119 "  --fork                    fork off the server process and exit the parent\n"
120 "                            once the server is running\n"
121 "  --pid-file=PATH           store the server's process ID in the given file\n"
122 #ifdef CONFIG_SELINUX
123 "  --selinux-label=LABEL     set SELinux process label on listening socket\n"
124 #endif
125 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
126 "\n"
127 "Kernel NBD client support:\n"
128 "  -c, --connect=DEV         connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV\n"
129 "  -d, --disconnect          disconnect the specified device\n"
130 #endif
131 "\n"
132 "Block device options:\n"
133 "  -f, --format=FORMAT       set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)\n"
134 "  -r, --read-only           export read-only\n"
135 "  -s, --snapshot            use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary\n"
136 "                            file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to\n"
137 "                            the temporary one\n"
138 "  -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM\n"
139 "                            load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it\n"
140 "                            as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is\n"
141 "                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
142 "                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
143 "  -n, --nocache             disable host cache\n"
144 "      --cache=MODE          set cache mode used to access the disk image, the\n"
145 "                            valid options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default),\n"
146 "                            'writethrough', 'directsync' and 'unsafe'\n"
147 "      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native, io_uring or threads)\n"
148 "      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)\n"
149 "      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, unmap)\n"
150 "      --image-opts          treat FILE as a full set of image options\n"
151 "\n"
152 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n"
153     , name, name, NBD_DEFAULT_PORT, "DEVICE");
154 }
155 
156 static void version(const char *name)
157 {
158     printf(
159 "%s " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
160 "Written by Anthony Liguori.\n"
161 "\n"
162 QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
163 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO\n"
164 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
165     , name);
166 }
167 
168 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
169 /*
170  * The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server.  A signal
171  * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
172  */
173 void qemu_system_killed(int signum, pid_t pid)
174 {
175     qatomic_cmpxchg(&state, RUNNING, TERMINATE);
176     qemu_notify_event();
177 }
178 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
179 
180 static int qemu_nbd_client_list(SocketAddress *saddr, QCryptoTLSCreds *tls,
181                                 const char *hostname)
182 {
183     int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
184     int rc;
185     Error *err = NULL;
186     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
187     NBDExportInfo *list;
188     int i, j;
189 
190     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
191     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc, saddr, &err) < 0) {
192         error_report_err(err);
193         goto out;
194     }
195     rc = nbd_receive_export_list(QIO_CHANNEL(sioc), tls, hostname, &list,
196                                  &err);
197     if (rc < 0) {
198         if (err) {
199             error_report_err(err);
200         }
201         goto out;
202     }
203     printf("exports available: %d\n", rc);
204     for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
205         printf(" export: '%s'\n", list[i].name);
206         if (list[i].description && *list[i].description) {
207             printf("  description: %s\n", list[i].description);
208         }
209         if (list[i].flags & NBD_FLAG_HAS_FLAGS) {
210             static const char *const flag_names[] = {
211                 [NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY_BIT]            = "readonly",
212                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FLUSH_BIT]           = "flush",
213                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FUA_BIT]             = "fua",
214                 [NBD_FLAG_ROTATIONAL_BIT]           = "rotational",
215                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_TRIM_BIT]            = "trim",
216                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_WRITE_ZEROES_BIT]    = "zeroes",
217                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_DF_BIT]              = "df",
218                 [NBD_FLAG_CAN_MULTI_CONN_BIT]       = "multi",
219                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_RESIZE_BIT]          = "resize",
220                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_CACHE_BIT]           = "cache",
221                 [NBD_FLAG_SEND_FAST_ZERO_BIT]       = "fast-zero",
222             };
223 
224             printf("  size:  %" PRIu64 "\n", list[i].size);
225             printf("  flags: 0x%x (", list[i].flags);
226             for (size_t bit = 0; bit < ARRAY_SIZE(flag_names); bit++) {
227                 if (flag_names[bit] && (list[i].flags & (1 << bit))) {
228                     printf(" %s", flag_names[bit]);
229                 }
230             }
231             printf(" )\n");
232         }
233         if (list[i].min_block) {
234             printf("  min block: %u\n", list[i].min_block);
235             printf("  opt block: %u\n", list[i].opt_block);
236             printf("  max block: %u\n", list[i].max_block);
237         }
238         if (list[i].n_contexts) {
239             printf("  available meta contexts: %d\n", list[i].n_contexts);
240             for (j = 0; j < list[i].n_contexts; j++) {
241                 printf("   %s\n", list[i].contexts[j]);
242             }
243         }
244     }
245     nbd_free_export_list(list, rc);
246 
247     ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
248  out:
249     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
250     return ret;
251 }
252 
253 
254 struct NbdClientOpts {
255     char *device;
256     char *srcpath;
257     SocketAddress *saddr;
258     int old_stderr;
259     bool fork_process;
260     bool verbose;
261 };
262 
263 static void nbd_client_release_pipe(int old_stderr)
264 {
265     /* Close stderr so that the qemu-nbd process exits.  */
266     if (dup2(old_stderr, STDERR_FILENO) < 0) {
267         error_report("Could not release pipe to parent: %s",
268                      strerror(errno));
269         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
270     }
271     if (old_stderr != STDOUT_FILENO && close(old_stderr) < 0) {
272         error_report("Could not release qemu-nbd: %s", strerror(errno));
273         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
274     }
275 }
276 
277 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
278 static void *show_parts(void *arg)
279 {
280     char *device = arg;
281     int nbd;
282 
283     /* linux just needs an open() to trigger
284      * the partition table update
285      * but remember to load the module with max_part != 0 :
286      *     modprobe nbd max_part=63
287      */
288     nbd = open(device, O_RDWR);
289     if (nbd >= 0) {
290         close(nbd);
291     }
292     return NULL;
293 }
294 
295 static void *nbd_client_thread(void *arg)
296 {
297     struct NbdClientOpts *opts = arg;
298     NBDExportInfo info = { .request_sizes = false, .name = g_strdup("") };
299     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
300     int fd = -1;
301     int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
302     pthread_t show_parts_thread;
303     Error *local_error = NULL;
304 
305     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
306     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc,
307                                         opts->saddr,
308                                         &local_error) < 0) {
309         error_report_err(local_error);
310         goto out;
311     }
312 
313     if (nbd_receive_negotiate(QIO_CHANNEL(sioc), NULL, NULL, NULL,
314                               &info, &local_error) < 0) {
315         if (local_error) {
316             error_report_err(local_error);
317         }
318         goto out;
319     }
320 
321     fd = open(opts->device, O_RDWR);
322     if (fd < 0) {
323         /* Linux-only, we can use %m in printf.  */
324         error_report("Failed to open %s: %m", opts->device);
325         goto out;
326     }
327 
328     if (nbd_init(fd, sioc, &info, &local_error) < 0) {
329         error_report_err(local_error);
330         goto out;
331     }
332 
333     /* update partition table */
334     pthread_create(&show_parts_thread, NULL, show_parts, opts->device);
335 
336     if (opts->verbose && !opts->fork_process) {
337         fprintf(stderr, "NBD device %s is now connected to %s\n",
338                 opts->device, opts->srcpath);
339     } else {
340         nbd_client_release_pipe(opts->old_stderr);
341     }
342 
343     if (nbd_client(fd) < 0) {
344         goto out;
345     }
346 
347     ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
348 
349  out:
350     if (fd >= 0) {
351         close(fd);
352     }
353     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
354     g_free(info.name);
355     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
356     return (void *) (intptr_t) ret;
357 }
358 #endif /* HAVE_NBD_DEVICE */
359 
360 static int nbd_can_accept(void)
361 {
362     return state == RUNNING && (shared == 0 || nb_fds < shared);
363 }
364 
365 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void);
366 
367 static void nbd_client_closed(NBDClient *client, bool negotiated)
368 {
369     nb_fds--;
370     if (negotiated && nb_fds == 0 && !persistent && state == RUNNING) {
371         state = TERMINATE;
372     }
373     nbd_update_server_watch();
374     nbd_client_put(client);
375 }
376 
377 static void nbd_accept(QIONetListener *listener, QIOChannelSocket *cioc,
378                        gpointer opaque)
379 {
380     if (state >= TERMINATE) {
381         return;
382     }
383 
384     nb_fds++;
385     nbd_update_server_watch();
386     nbd_client_new(cioc, tlscreds, tlsauthz, nbd_client_closed);
387 }
388 
389 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
390 {
391     if (nbd_can_accept()) {
392         qio_net_listener_set_client_func(server, nbd_accept, NULL, NULL);
393     } else {
394         qio_net_listener_set_client_func(server, NULL, NULL, NULL);
395     }
396 }
397 
398 
399 static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_address(const char *sockpath,
400                                                const char *bindto,
401                                                const char *port)
402 {
403     SocketAddress *saddr;
404 
405     saddr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
406     if (sockpath) {
407         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_UNIX;
408         saddr->u.q_unix.path = g_strdup(sockpath);
409     } else {
410         InetSocketAddress *inet;
411         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET;
412         inet = &saddr->u.inet;
413         inet->host = g_strdup(bindto);
414         if (port) {
415             inet->port = g_strdup(port);
416         } else  {
417             inet->port = g_strdup_printf("%d", NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
418         }
419     }
420 
421     return saddr;
422 }
423 
424 
425 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
426     .name = "file",
427     .implied_opt_name = "file",
428     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
429     .desc = {
430         /* no elements => accept any params */
431         { /* end of list */ }
432     },
433 };
434 
435 static QCryptoTLSCreds *nbd_get_tls_creds(const char *id, bool list,
436                                           Error **errp)
437 {
438     Object *obj;
439     QCryptoTLSCreds *creds;
440 
441     obj = object_resolve_path_component(
442         object_get_objects_root(), id);
443     if (!obj) {
444         error_setg(errp, "No TLS credentials with id '%s'",
445                    id);
446         return NULL;
447     }
448     creds = (QCryptoTLSCreds *)
449         object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS);
450     if (!creds) {
451         error_setg(errp, "Object with id '%s' is not TLS credentials",
452                    id);
453         return NULL;
454     }
455 
456     if (!qcrypto_tls_creds_check_endpoint(creds,
457                                           list
458                                           ? QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_CLIENT
459                                           : QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_SERVER,
460                                           errp)) {
461         return NULL;
462     }
463     object_ref(obj);
464     return creds;
465 }
466 
467 static void setup_address_and_port(const char **address, const char **port)
468 {
469     if (*address == NULL) {
470         *address = "0.0.0.0";
471     }
472 
473     if (*port == NULL) {
474         *port = stringify(NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
475     }
476 }
477 
478 /*
479  * Check socket parameters compatibility when socket activation is used.
480  */
481 static const char *socket_activation_validate_opts(const char *device,
482                                                    const char *sockpath,
483                                                    const char *address,
484                                                    const char *port,
485                                                    const char *selinux,
486                                                    bool list)
487 {
488     if (device != NULL) {
489         return "NBD device can't be set when using socket activation";
490     }
491 
492     if (sockpath != NULL) {
493         return "Unix socket can't be set when using socket activation";
494     }
495 
496     if (address != NULL) {
497         return "The interface can't be set when using socket activation";
498     }
499 
500     if (port != NULL) {
501         return "TCP port number can't be set when using socket activation";
502     }
503 
504     if (selinux != NULL) {
505         return "SELinux label can't be set when using socket activation";
506     }
507 
508     if (list) {
509         return "List mode is incompatible with socket activation";
510     }
511 
512     return NULL;
513 }
514 
515 static void qemu_nbd_shutdown(void)
516 {
517     job_cancel_sync_all();
518     blk_exp_close_all();
519     bdrv_close_all();
520 }
521 
522 int main(int argc, char **argv)
523 {
524     BlockBackend *blk;
525     BlockDriverState *bs;
526     uint64_t dev_offset = 0;
527     bool readonly = false;
528     bool disconnect = false;
529     const char *bindto = NULL;
530     const char *port = NULL;
531     char *sockpath = NULL;
532     QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
533     const char *sn_id_or_name = NULL;
534     const char *sopt = "hVb:o:p:rsnc:dvk:e:f:tl:x:T:D:AB:L";
535     struct option lopt[] = {
536         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
537         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
538         { "bind", required_argument, NULL, 'b' },
539         { "port", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
540         { "socket", required_argument, NULL, 'k' },
541         { "offset", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
542         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
543         { "allocation-depth", no_argument, NULL, 'A' },
544         { "bitmap", required_argument, NULL, 'B' },
545         { "connect", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
546         { "disconnect", no_argument, NULL, 'd' },
547         { "list", no_argument, NULL, 'L' },
548         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
549         { "load-snapshot", required_argument, NULL, 'l' },
550         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
551         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE },
552         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO },
553         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD },
554         { "detect-zeroes", required_argument, NULL,
555           QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES },
556         { "shared", required_argument, NULL, 'e' },
557         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
558         { "persistent", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
559         { "verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v' },
560         { "object", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT },
561         { "export-name", required_argument, NULL, 'x' },
562         { "description", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
563         { "tls-creds", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS },
564         { "tls-hostname", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSHOSTNAME },
565         { "tls-authz", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ },
566         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS },
567         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
568         { "fork", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK },
569         { "pid-file", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE },
570         { "selinux-label", required_argument, NULL,
571           QEMU_NBD_OPT_SELINUX_LABEL },
572         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
573     };
574     int ch;
575     int opt_ind = 0;
576     int flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
577     int ret = 0;
578     bool seen_cache = false;
579     bool seen_discard = false;
580     bool seen_aio = false;
581     pthread_t client_thread;
582     const char *fmt = NULL;
583     Error *local_err = NULL;
584     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes = BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF;
585     QDict *options = NULL;
586     const char *export_name = NULL; /* defaults to "" later for server mode */
587     const char *export_description = NULL;
588     BlockDirtyBitmapOrStrList *bitmaps = NULL;
589     bool alloc_depth = false;
590     const char *tlscredsid = NULL;
591     const char *tlshostname = NULL;
592     bool imageOpts = false;
593     bool writethrough = false; /* Client will flush as needed. */
594     bool list = false;
595     unsigned socket_activation;
596     const char *pid_file_name = NULL;
597     const char *selinux_label = NULL;
598     BlockExportOptions *export_opts;
599     struct NbdClientOpts opts = {
600         .fork_process = false,
601         .verbose = false,
602         .device = NULL,
603         .srcpath = NULL,
604         .saddr = NULL,
605         .old_stderr = STDOUT_FILENO,
606     };
607 
608 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
609     os_setup_early_signal_handling();
610     os_setup_signal_handling();
611 #endif
612 
613     socket_init();
614     error_init(argv[0]);
615     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
616     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
617 
618     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
619     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
620     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
621 
622     while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_ind)) != -1) {
623         switch (ch) {
624         case 's':
625             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
626             break;
627         case 'n':
628             optarg = (char *) "none";
629             /* fallthrough */
630         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE:
631             if (seen_cache) {
632                 error_report("-n and --cache can only be specified once");
633                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
634             }
635             seen_cache = true;
636             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) == -1) {
637                 error_report("Invalid cache mode `%s'", optarg);
638                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
639             }
640             break;
641         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO:
642             if (seen_aio) {
643                 error_report("--aio can only be specified once");
644                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
645             }
646             seen_aio = true;
647             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
648                 error_report("Invalid aio mode '%s'", optarg);
649                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
650             }
651             break;
652         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD:
653             if (seen_discard) {
654                 error_report("--discard can only be specified once");
655                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
656             }
657             seen_discard = true;
658             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
659                 error_report("Invalid discard mode `%s'", optarg);
660                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
661             }
662             break;
663         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES:
664             detect_zeroes =
665                 qapi_enum_parse(&BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_lookup,
666                                 optarg,
667                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF,
668                                 &local_err);
669             if (local_err) {
670                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
671                                   "Failed to parse detect_zeroes mode: ");
672                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
673             }
674             if (detect_zeroes == BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_UNMAP &&
675                 !(flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP)) {
676                 error_report("setting detect-zeroes to unmap is not allowed "
677                              "without setting discard operation to unmap");
678                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
679             }
680             break;
681         case 'b':
682             bindto = optarg;
683             break;
684         case 'p':
685             port = optarg;
686             break;
687         case 'o':
688             if (qemu_strtou64(optarg, NULL, 0, &dev_offset) < 0) {
689                 error_report("Invalid offset '%s'", optarg);
690                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
691             }
692             break;
693         case 'l':
694             if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
695                 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
696                                                   optarg, false);
697                 if (!sn_opts) {
698                     error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param `%s'",
699                                  optarg);
700                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
701                 }
702             } else {
703                 sn_id_or_name = optarg;
704             }
705             /* fall through */
706         case 'r':
707             readonly = true;
708             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
709             break;
710         case 'A':
711             alloc_depth = true;
712             break;
713         case 'B':
714             {
715                 BlockDirtyBitmapOrStr *el = g_new(BlockDirtyBitmapOrStr, 1);
716                 *el = (BlockDirtyBitmapOrStr) {
717                     .type = QTYPE_QSTRING,
718                     .u.local = g_strdup(optarg),
719                 };
720                 QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(bitmaps, el);
721             }
722             break;
723         case 'k':
724             sockpath = optarg;
725             if (sockpath[0] != '/') {
726                 error_report("socket path must be absolute");
727                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
728             }
729             break;
730         case 'd':
731             disconnect = true;
732             break;
733         case 'c':
734             opts.device = optarg;
735             break;
736         case 'e':
737             if (qemu_strtoi(optarg, NULL, 0, &shared) < 0 ||
738                 shared < 0) {
739                 error_report("Invalid shared device number '%s'", optarg);
740                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
741             }
742             break;
743         case 'f':
744             fmt = optarg;
745             break;
746         case 't':
747             persistent = 1;
748             break;
749         case 'x':
750             export_name = optarg;
751             if (strlen(export_name) > NBD_MAX_STRING_SIZE) {
752                 error_report("export name '%s' too long", export_name);
753                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
754             }
755             break;
756         case 'D':
757             export_description = optarg;
758             if (strlen(export_description) > NBD_MAX_STRING_SIZE) {
759                 error_report("export description '%s' too long",
760                              export_description);
761                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
762             }
763             break;
764         case 'v':
765             opts.verbose = true;
766             break;
767         case 'V':
768             version(argv[0]);
769             exit(0);
770             break;
771         case 'h':
772             usage(argv[0]);
773             exit(0);
774             break;
775         case '?':
776             error_report("Try `%s --help' for more information.", argv[0]);
777             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
778         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT:
779             user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
780             break;
781         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS:
782             tlscredsid = optarg;
783             break;
784         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSHOSTNAME:
785             tlshostname = optarg;
786             break;
787         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS:
788             imageOpts = true;
789             break;
790         case 'T':
791             trace_opt_parse(optarg);
792             break;
793         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ:
794             tlsauthz = optarg;
795             break;
796         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK:
797             opts.fork_process = true;
798             break;
799         case 'L':
800             list = true;
801             break;
802         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_PID_FILE:
803             pid_file_name = optarg;
804             break;
805         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_SELINUX_LABEL:
806             selinux_label = optarg;
807             break;
808         }
809     }
810 
811     if (list) {
812         if (argc != optind) {
813             error_report("List mode is incompatible with a file name");
814             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
815         }
816         if (export_name || export_description || dev_offset ||
817             opts.device || disconnect || fmt || sn_id_or_name || bitmaps ||
818             alloc_depth || seen_aio || seen_discard || seen_cache) {
819             error_report("List mode is incompatible with per-device settings");
820             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
821         }
822         if (opts.fork_process) {
823             error_report("List mode is incompatible with forking");
824             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
825         }
826     } else if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
827         error_report("Invalid number of arguments");
828         error_printf("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", argv[0]);
829         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
830     } else if (!export_name) {
831         export_name = "";
832     }
833 
834     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
835         exit(1);
836     }
837     trace_init_file();
838     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE, &error_fatal);
839 
840     socket_activation = check_socket_activation();
841     if (socket_activation == 0) {
842         if (!sockpath) {
843             setup_address_and_port(&bindto, &port);
844         }
845     } else {
846         /* Using socket activation - check user didn't use -p etc. */
847         const char *err_msg = socket_activation_validate_opts(opts.device,
848                                                               sockpath,
849                                                               bindto, port,
850                                                               selinux_label,
851                                                               list);
852         if (err_msg != NULL) {
853             error_report("%s", err_msg);
854             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
855         }
856 
857         /* qemu-nbd can only listen on a single socket.  */
858         if (socket_activation > 1) {
859             error_report("qemu-nbd does not support socket activation with %s > 1",
860                          "LISTEN_FDS");
861             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
862         }
863     }
864 
865     if (tlscredsid) {
866         if (opts.device) {
867             error_report("TLS is not supported with a host device");
868             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
869         }
870         if (tlsauthz && list) {
871             error_report("TLS authorization is incompatible with export list");
872             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
873         }
874         if (tlshostname && !list) {
875             error_report("TLS hostname is only supported with export list");
876             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
877         }
878         tlscreds = nbd_get_tls_creds(tlscredsid, list, &local_err);
879         if (local_err) {
880             error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to get TLS creds: ");
881             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
882         }
883     } else {
884         if (tlsauthz) {
885             error_report("--tls-authz is not permitted without --tls-creds");
886             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
887         }
888         if (tlshostname) {
889             error_report("--tls-hostname is not permitted without --tls-creds");
890             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
891         }
892     }
893 
894     if (selinux_label) {
895 #ifdef CONFIG_SELINUX
896         if (sockpath == NULL && opts.device == NULL) {
897             error_report("--selinux-label is not permitted without --socket");
898             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
899         }
900 #else
901         error_report("SELinux support not enabled in this binary");
902         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
903 #endif
904     }
905 
906     if (list) {
907         opts.saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
908         return qemu_nbd_client_list(opts.saddr, tlscreds,
909                                     tlshostname ? tlshostname : bindto);
910     }
911 
912 #if !HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
913     if (disconnect || opts.device) {
914         error_report("Kernel /dev/nbdN support not available");
915         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
916     }
917 #else /* HAVE_NBD_DEVICE */
918     if (disconnect) {
919         int nbdfd = open(argv[optind], O_RDWR);
920         if (nbdfd < 0) {
921             error_report("Cannot open %s: %s", argv[optind],
922                          strerror(errno));
923             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
924         }
925         nbd_disconnect(nbdfd);
926 
927         close(nbdfd);
928 
929         printf("%s disconnected\n", argv[optind]);
930 
931         return 0;
932     }
933 #endif
934 
935     if ((opts.device && !opts.verbose) || opts.fork_process) {
936 #ifndef WIN32
937         g_autoptr(GError) err = NULL;
938         int stderr_fd[2];
939         pid_t pid;
940         int ret;
941 
942         if (!g_unix_open_pipe(stderr_fd, FD_CLOEXEC, &err)) {
943             error_report("Error setting up communication pipe: %s",
944                          err->message);
945             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
946         }
947 
948         /* Now daemonize, but keep a communication channel open to
949          * print errors and exit with the proper status code.
950          */
951         pid = fork();
952         if (pid < 0) {
953             error_report("Failed to fork: %s", strerror(errno));
954             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
955         } else if (pid == 0) {
956             int saved_errno;
957 
958             close(stderr_fd[0]);
959 
960             /* Remember parent's stderr if we will be restoring it. */
961             if (opts.verbose /* fork_process is set */) {
962                 opts.old_stderr = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
963                 if (opts.old_stderr < 0) {
964                     error_report("Could not dup original stderr: %s",
965                                  strerror(errno));
966                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
967                 }
968             }
969 
970             ret = qemu_daemon(1, 0);
971             saved_errno = errno;    /* dup2 will overwrite error below */
972 
973             /* Temporarily redirect stderr to the parent's pipe...  */
974             if (dup2(stderr_fd[1], STDERR_FILENO) < 0) {
975                 char str[256];
976                 snprintf(str, sizeof(str),
977                          "%s: Failed to link stderr to the pipe: %s\n",
978                          g_get_prgname(), strerror(errno));
979                 /*
980                  * We are unable to use error_report() here as we need to get
981                  * stderr pointed to the parent's pipe. Write to that pipe
982                  * manually.
983                  */
984                 ret = write(stderr_fd[1], str, strlen(str));
985                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
986             }
987 
988             if (ret < 0) {
989                 error_report("Failed to daemonize: %s", strerror(saved_errno));
990                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
991             }
992 
993             /* ... close the descriptor we inherited and go on.  */
994             close(stderr_fd[1]);
995         } else {
996             bool errors = false;
997             char *buf;
998 
999             /* In the parent.  Print error messages from the child until
1000              * it closes the pipe.
1001              */
1002             close(stderr_fd[1]);
1003             buf = g_malloc(1024);
1004             while ((ret = read(stderr_fd[0], buf, 1024)) > 0) {
1005                 errors = true;
1006                 ret = qemu_write_full(STDERR_FILENO, buf, ret);
1007                 if (ret < 0) {
1008                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1009                 }
1010             }
1011             if (ret < 0) {
1012                 error_report("Cannot read from daemon: %s",
1013                              strerror(errno));
1014                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1015             }
1016 
1017             /* Usually the daemon should not print any message.
1018              * Exit with zero status in that case.
1019              */
1020             exit(errors);
1021         }
1022 #else /* WIN32 */
1023         error_report("Unable to fork into background on Windows hosts");
1024         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1025 #endif /* WIN32 */
1026     }
1027 
1028     if (opts.device != NULL && sockpath == NULL) {
1029         sockpath = g_malloc(128);
1030         snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(opts.device));
1031     }
1032 
1033     server = qio_net_listener_new();
1034     if (socket_activation == 0) {
1035         int backlog;
1036 
1037         if (persistent || shared == 0) {
1038             backlog = SOMAXCONN;
1039         } else {
1040             backlog = MIN(shared, SOMAXCONN);
1041         }
1042 #ifdef CONFIG_SELINUX
1043         if (selinux_label && setsockcreatecon_raw(selinux_label) == -1) {
1044             error_report("Cannot set SELinux socket create context to %s: %s",
1045                          selinux_label, strerror(errno));
1046             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1047         }
1048 #endif
1049         opts.saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
1050         if (qio_net_listener_open_sync(server, opts.saddr, backlog,
1051                                        &local_err) < 0) {
1052             object_unref(OBJECT(server));
1053             error_report_err(local_err);
1054             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1055         }
1056 #ifdef CONFIG_SELINUX
1057         if (selinux_label && setsockcreatecon_raw(NULL) == -1) {
1058             error_report("Cannot clear SELinux socket create context: %s",
1059                          strerror(errno));
1060             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1061         }
1062 #endif
1063     } else {
1064         size_t i;
1065         /* See comment in check_socket_activation above. */
1066         for (i = 0; i < socket_activation; i++) {
1067             QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
1068             sioc = qio_channel_socket_new_fd(FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD + i,
1069                                              &local_err);
1070             if (sioc == NULL) {
1071                 object_unref(OBJECT(server));
1072                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
1073                                   "Failed to use socket activation: ");
1074                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1075             }
1076             qio_net_listener_add(server, sioc);
1077             object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
1078         }
1079     }
1080 
1081     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
1082     bdrv_init();
1083     atexit(qemu_nbd_shutdown);
1084 
1085     opts.srcpath = argv[optind];
1086     if (imageOpts) {
1087         QemuOpts *o;
1088         if (fmt) {
1089             error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
1090             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1091         }
1092         o = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, opts.srcpath, true);
1093         if (!o) {
1094             qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
1095             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1096         }
1097         options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(o, NULL);
1098         qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
1099         blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
1100     } else {
1101         if (fmt) {
1102             options = qdict_new();
1103             qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
1104         }
1105         blk = blk_new_open(opts.srcpath, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
1106     }
1107 
1108     if (!blk) {
1109         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to blk_new_open '%s': ",
1110                           argv[optind]);
1111         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1112     }
1113     bs = blk_bs(blk);
1114 
1115     if (dev_offset) {
1116         QDict *raw_opts = qdict_new();
1117         qdict_put_str(raw_opts, "driver", "raw");
1118         qdict_put_str(raw_opts, "file", bs->node_name);
1119         qdict_put_int(raw_opts, "offset", dev_offset);
1120 
1121         aio_context_acquire(qemu_get_aio_context());
1122         bs = bdrv_open(NULL, NULL, raw_opts, flags, &error_fatal);
1123         aio_context_release(qemu_get_aio_context());
1124 
1125         blk_remove_bs(blk);
1126         blk_insert_bs(blk, bs, &error_fatal);
1127         bdrv_unref(bs);
1128     }
1129 
1130     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
1131 
1132     if (sn_opts) {
1133         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs,
1134                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1135                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1136                                      &local_err);
1137     } else if (sn_id_or_name) {
1138         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs, sn_id_or_name,
1139                                                    &local_err);
1140     }
1141     if (ret < 0) {
1142         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
1143         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1144     }
1145 
1146     bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
1147 
1148     nbd_server_is_qemu_nbd(shared);
1149 
1150     export_opts = g_new(BlockExportOptions, 1);
1151     *export_opts = (BlockExportOptions) {
1152         .type               = BLOCK_EXPORT_TYPE_NBD,
1153         .id                 = g_strdup("qemu-nbd-export"),
1154         .node_name          = g_strdup(bdrv_get_node_name(bs)),
1155         .has_writethrough   = true,
1156         .writethrough       = writethrough,
1157         .has_writable       = true,
1158         .writable           = !readonly,
1159         .u.nbd = {
1160             .name                 = g_strdup(export_name),
1161             .description          = g_strdup(export_description),
1162             .has_bitmaps          = !!bitmaps,
1163             .bitmaps              = bitmaps,
1164             .has_allocation_depth = alloc_depth,
1165             .allocation_depth     = alloc_depth,
1166         },
1167     };
1168     blk_exp_add(export_opts, &error_fatal);
1169     qapi_free_BlockExportOptions(export_opts);
1170 
1171     if (opts.device) {
1172 #if HAVE_NBD_DEVICE
1173         int ret;
1174         ret = pthread_create(&client_thread, NULL, nbd_client_thread, &opts);
1175         if (ret != 0) {
1176             error_report("Failed to create client thread: %s", strerror(ret));
1177             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1178         }
1179 #endif
1180     } else {
1181         /* Shut up GCC warnings.  */
1182         memset(&client_thread, 0, sizeof(client_thread));
1183     }
1184 
1185     nbd_update_server_watch();
1186 
1187     if (pid_file_name) {
1188         qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file_name, &error_fatal);
1189     }
1190 
1191     /* now when the initialization is (almost) complete, chdir("/")
1192      * to free any busy filesystems */
1193     if (chdir("/") < 0) {
1194         error_report("Could not chdir to root directory: %s",
1195                      strerror(errno));
1196         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1197     }
1198 
1199     if (opts.fork_process) {
1200         nbd_client_release_pipe(opts.old_stderr);
1201     }
1202 
1203     state = RUNNING;
1204     do {
1205         main_loop_wait(false);
1206         if (state == TERMINATE) {
1207             blk_exp_close_all();
1208             state = TERMINATED;
1209         }
1210     } while (state != TERMINATED);
1211 
1212     blk_unref(blk);
1213     if (sockpath) {
1214         unlink(sockpath);
1215     }
1216 
1217     qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1218 
1219     if (opts.device) {
1220         void *ret;
1221         pthread_join(client_thread, &ret);
1222         exit(ret != NULL);
1223     } else {
1224         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
1225     }
1226 }
1227