xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-nbd.c (revision 77a8257e)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
3  *
4  *  Network Block Device
5  *
6  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
9  *
10  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
14  *
15  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17  */
18 
19 #include "qemu-common.h"
20 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
21 #include "block/block_int.h"
22 #include "block/nbd.h"
23 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
24 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
25 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
26 #include "block/snapshot.h"
27 #include "qapi/util.h"
28 
29 #include <stdarg.h>
30 #include <stdio.h>
31 #include <getopt.h>
32 #include <err.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/socket.h>
35 #include <netinet/in.h>
36 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
37 #include <arpa/inet.h>
38 #include <signal.h>
39 #include <libgen.h>
40 #include <pthread.h>
41 
42 #define SOCKET_PATH                "/var/lock/qemu-nbd-%s"
43 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE         1
44 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO           2
45 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD       3
46 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES 4
47 
48 static NBDExport *exp;
49 static int verbose;
50 static char *srcpath;
51 static char *sockpath;
52 static int persistent = 0;
53 static enum { RUNNING, TERMINATE, TERMINATING, TERMINATED } state;
54 static int shared = 1;
55 static int nb_fds;
56 
57 static void usage(const char *name)
58 {
59     (printf) (
60 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILE\n"
61 "QEMU Disk Network Block Device Server\n"
62 "\n"
63 "  -h, --help                display this help and exit\n"
64 "  -V, --version             output version information and exit\n"
65 "\n"
66 "Connection properties:\n"
67 "  -p, --port=PORT           port to listen on (default `%d')\n"
68 "  -b, --bind=IFACE          interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')\n"
69 "  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket\n"
70 "                            (default '"SOCKET_PATH"')\n"
71 "  -e, --shared=NUM          device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')\n"
72 "  -t, --persistent          don't exit on the last connection\n"
73 "  -v, --verbose             display extra debugging information\n"
74 "\n"
75 "Exposing part of the image:\n"
76 "  -o, --offset=OFFSET       offset into the image\n"
77 "  -P, --partition=NUM       only expose partition NUM\n"
78 "\n"
79 #ifdef __linux__
80 "Kernel NBD client support:\n"
81 "  -c, --connect=DEV         connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV\n"
82 "  -d, --disconnect          disconnect the specified device\n"
83 "\n"
84 #endif
85 "\n"
86 "Block device options:\n"
87 "  -f, --format=FORMAT       set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)\n"
88 "  -r, --read-only           export read-only\n"
89 "  -s, --snapshot            use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary\n"
90 "                            file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to\n"
91 "                            the temporary one\n"
92 "  -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM\n"
93 "                            load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it\n"
94 "                            as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is\n"
95 "                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
96 "                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
97 "  -n, --nocache             disable host cache\n"
98 "      --cache=MODE          set cache mode (none, writeback, ...)\n"
99 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
100 "      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native or threads)\n"
101 #endif
102 "      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)\n"
103 "      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, discard)\n"
104 "\n"
105 "Report bugs to <qemu-devel@nongnu.org>\n"
106     , name, NBD_DEFAULT_PORT, "DEVICE");
107 }
108 
109 static void version(const char *name)
110 {
111     printf(
112 "%s version 0.0.1\n"
113 "Written by Anthony Liguori.\n"
114 "\n"
115 "Copyright (C) 2006 Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>.\n"
116 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO\n"
117 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
118     , name);
119 }
120 
121 struct partition_record
122 {
123     uint8_t bootable;
124     uint8_t start_head;
125     uint32_t start_cylinder;
126     uint8_t start_sector;
127     uint8_t system;
128     uint8_t end_head;
129     uint8_t end_cylinder;
130     uint8_t end_sector;
131     uint32_t start_sector_abs;
132     uint32_t nb_sectors_abs;
133 };
134 
135 static void read_partition(uint8_t *p, struct partition_record *r)
136 {
137     r->bootable = p[0];
138     r->start_head = p[1];
139     r->start_cylinder = p[3] | ((p[2] << 2) & 0x0300);
140     r->start_sector = p[2] & 0x3f;
141     r->system = p[4];
142     r->end_head = p[5];
143     r->end_cylinder = p[7] | ((p[6] << 2) & 0x300);
144     r->end_sector = p[6] & 0x3f;
145     r->start_sector_abs = p[8] | p[9] << 8 | p[10] << 16 | p[11] << 24;
146     r->nb_sectors_abs = p[12] | p[13] << 8 | p[14] << 16 | p[15] << 24;
147 }
148 
149 static int find_partition(BlockBackend *blk, int partition,
150                           off_t *offset, off_t *size)
151 {
152     struct partition_record mbr[4];
153     uint8_t data[512];
154     int i;
155     int ext_partnum = 4;
156     int ret;
157 
158     if ((ret = blk_read(blk, 0, data, 1)) < 0) {
159         errno = -ret;
160         err(EXIT_FAILURE, "error while reading");
161     }
162 
163     if (data[510] != 0x55 || data[511] != 0xaa) {
164         return -EINVAL;
165     }
166 
167     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
168         read_partition(&data[446 + 16 * i], &mbr[i]);
169 
170         if (!mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs)
171             continue;
172 
173         if (mbr[i].system == 0xF || mbr[i].system == 0x5) {
174             struct partition_record ext[4];
175             uint8_t data1[512];
176             int j;
177 
178             if ((ret = blk_read(blk, mbr[i].start_sector_abs, data1, 1)) < 0) {
179                 errno = -ret;
180                 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "error while reading");
181             }
182 
183             for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
184                 read_partition(&data1[446 + 16 * j], &ext[j]);
185                 if (!ext[j].nb_sectors_abs)
186                     continue;
187 
188                 if ((ext_partnum + j + 1) == partition) {
189                     *offset = (uint64_t)ext[j].start_sector_abs << 9;
190                     *size = (uint64_t)ext[j].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
191                     return 0;
192                 }
193             }
194             ext_partnum += 4;
195         } else if ((i + 1) == partition) {
196             *offset = (uint64_t)mbr[i].start_sector_abs << 9;
197             *size = (uint64_t)mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
198             return 0;
199         }
200     }
201 
202     return -ENOENT;
203 }
204 
205 static void termsig_handler(int signum)
206 {
207     state = TERMINATE;
208     qemu_notify_event();
209 }
210 
211 static void combine_addr(char *buf, size_t len, const char* address,
212                          uint16_t port)
213 {
214     /* If the address-part contains a colon, it's an IPv6 IP so needs [] */
215     if (strstr(address, ":")) {
216         snprintf(buf, len, "[%s]:%u", address, port);
217     } else {
218         snprintf(buf, len, "%s:%u", address, port);
219     }
220 }
221 
222 static int tcp_socket_incoming(const char *address, uint16_t port)
223 {
224     char address_and_port[128];
225     Error *local_err = NULL;
226 
227     combine_addr(address_and_port, 128, address, port);
228     int fd = inet_listen(address_and_port, NULL, 0, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &local_err);
229 
230     if (local_err != NULL) {
231         error_report_err(local_err);
232     }
233     return fd;
234 }
235 
236 static int unix_socket_incoming(const char *path)
237 {
238     Error *local_err = NULL;
239     int fd = unix_listen(path, NULL, 0, &local_err);
240 
241     if (local_err != NULL) {
242         error_report_err(local_err);
243     }
244     return fd;
245 }
246 
247 static int unix_socket_outgoing(const char *path)
248 {
249     Error *local_err = NULL;
250     int fd = unix_connect(path, &local_err);
251 
252     if (local_err != NULL) {
253         error_report_err(local_err);
254     }
255     return fd;
256 }
257 
258 static void *show_parts(void *arg)
259 {
260     char *device = arg;
261     int nbd;
262 
263     /* linux just needs an open() to trigger
264      * the partition table update
265      * but remember to load the module with max_part != 0 :
266      *     modprobe nbd max_part=63
267      */
268     nbd = open(device, O_RDWR);
269     if (nbd >= 0) {
270         close(nbd);
271     }
272     return NULL;
273 }
274 
275 static void *nbd_client_thread(void *arg)
276 {
277     char *device = arg;
278     off_t size;
279     size_t blocksize;
280     uint32_t nbdflags;
281     int fd, sock;
282     int ret;
283     pthread_t show_parts_thread;
284     Error *local_error = NULL;
285 
286     sock = unix_socket_outgoing(sockpath);
287     if (sock < 0) {
288         goto out;
289     }
290 
291     ret = nbd_receive_negotiate(sock, NULL, &nbdflags,
292                                 &size, &blocksize, &local_error);
293     if (ret < 0) {
294         if (local_error) {
295             fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error_get_pretty(local_error));
296             error_free(local_error);
297         }
298         goto out_socket;
299     }
300 
301     fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
302     if (fd < 0) {
303         /* Linux-only, we can use %m in printf.  */
304         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open %s: %m\n", device);
305         goto out_socket;
306     }
307 
308     ret = nbd_init(fd, sock, nbdflags, size, blocksize);
309     if (ret < 0) {
310         goto out_fd;
311     }
312 
313     /* update partition table */
314     pthread_create(&show_parts_thread, NULL, show_parts, device);
315 
316     if (verbose) {
317         fprintf(stderr, "NBD device %s is now connected to %s\n",
318                 device, srcpath);
319     } else {
320         /* Close stderr so that the qemu-nbd process exits.  */
321         dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
322     }
323 
324     ret = nbd_client(fd);
325     if (ret) {
326         goto out_fd;
327     }
328     close(fd);
329     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
330     return (void *) EXIT_SUCCESS;
331 
332 out_fd:
333     close(fd);
334 out_socket:
335     closesocket(sock);
336 out:
337     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
338     return (void *) EXIT_FAILURE;
339 }
340 
341 static int nbd_can_accept(void *opaque)
342 {
343     return nb_fds < shared;
344 }
345 
346 static void nbd_export_closed(NBDExport *exp)
347 {
348     assert(state == TERMINATING);
349     state = TERMINATED;
350 }
351 
352 static void nbd_client_closed(NBDClient *client)
353 {
354     nb_fds--;
355     if (nb_fds == 0 && !persistent && state == RUNNING) {
356         state = TERMINATE;
357     }
358     qemu_notify_event();
359     nbd_client_put(client);
360 }
361 
362 static void nbd_accept(void *opaque)
363 {
364     int server_fd = (uintptr_t) opaque;
365     struct sockaddr_in addr;
366     socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
367 
368     int fd = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addr_len);
369     if (fd < 0) {
370         perror("accept");
371         return;
372     }
373 
374     if (state >= TERMINATE) {
375         close(fd);
376         return;
377     }
378 
379     if (nbd_client_new(exp, fd, nbd_client_closed)) {
380         nb_fds++;
381     } else {
382         shutdown(fd, 2);
383         close(fd);
384     }
385 }
386 
387 int main(int argc, char **argv)
388 {
389     BlockBackend *blk;
390     BlockDriverState *bs;
391     off_t dev_offset = 0;
392     uint32_t nbdflags = 0;
393     bool disconnect = false;
394     const char *bindto = "0.0.0.0";
395     char *device = NULL;
396     int port = NBD_DEFAULT_PORT;
397     off_t fd_size;
398     QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
399     const char *sn_id_or_name = NULL;
400     const char *sopt = "hVb:o:p:rsnP:c:dvk:e:f:tl:";
401     struct option lopt[] = {
402         { "help", 0, NULL, 'h' },
403         { "version", 0, NULL, 'V' },
404         { "bind", 1, NULL, 'b' },
405         { "port", 1, NULL, 'p' },
406         { "socket", 1, NULL, 'k' },
407         { "offset", 1, NULL, 'o' },
408         { "read-only", 0, NULL, 'r' },
409         { "partition", 1, NULL, 'P' },
410         { "connect", 1, NULL, 'c' },
411         { "disconnect", 0, NULL, 'd' },
412         { "snapshot", 0, NULL, 's' },
413         { "load-snapshot", 1, NULL, 'l' },
414         { "nocache", 0, NULL, 'n' },
415         { "cache", 1, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE },
416 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
417         { "aio", 1, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO },
418 #endif
419         { "discard", 1, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD },
420         { "detect-zeroes", 1, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES },
421         { "shared", 1, NULL, 'e' },
422         { "format", 1, NULL, 'f' },
423         { "persistent", 0, NULL, 't' },
424         { "verbose", 0, NULL, 'v' },
425         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
426     };
427     int ch;
428     int opt_ind = 0;
429     int li;
430     char *end;
431     int flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
432     int partition = -1;
433     int ret = 0;
434     int fd;
435     bool seen_cache = false;
436     bool seen_discard = false;
437 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
438     bool seen_aio = false;
439 #endif
440     pthread_t client_thread;
441     const char *fmt = NULL;
442     Error *local_err = NULL;
443     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes = BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF;
444     QDict *options = NULL;
445 
446     /* The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server.  A signal
447      * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
448      */
449     struct sigaction sa_sigterm;
450     memset(&sa_sigterm, 0, sizeof(sa_sigterm));
451     sa_sigterm.sa_handler = termsig_handler;
452     sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa_sigterm, NULL);
453     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
454 
455     while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_ind)) != -1) {
456         switch (ch) {
457         case 's':
458             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
459             break;
460         case 'n':
461             optarg = (char *) "none";
462             /* fallthrough */
463         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE:
464             if (seen_cache) {
465                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "-n and --cache can only be specified once");
466             }
467             seen_cache = true;
468             if (bdrv_parse_cache_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
469                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid cache mode `%s'", optarg);
470             }
471             break;
472 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
473         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO:
474             if (seen_aio) {
475                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "--aio can only be specified once");
476             }
477             seen_aio = true;
478             if (!strcmp(optarg, "native")) {
479                 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
480             } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "threads")) {
481                 /* this is the default */
482             } else {
483                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "invalid aio mode `%s'", optarg);
484             }
485             break;
486 #endif
487         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD:
488             if (seen_discard) {
489                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "--discard can only be specified once");
490             }
491             seen_discard = true;
492             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
493                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid discard mode `%s'", optarg);
494             }
495             break;
496         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES:
497             detect_zeroes =
498                 qapi_enum_parse(BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_lookup,
499                                 optarg,
500                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_MAX,
501                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF,
502                                 &local_err);
503             if (local_err) {
504                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to parse detect_zeroes mode: %s",
505                      error_get_pretty(local_err));
506             }
507             if (detect_zeroes == BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_UNMAP &&
508                 !(flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP)) {
509                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "setting detect-zeroes to unmap is not allowed "
510                                    "without setting discard operation to unmap");
511             }
512             break;
513         case 'b':
514             bindto = optarg;
515             break;
516         case 'p':
517             li = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
518             if (*end) {
519                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid port `%s'", optarg);
520             }
521             if (li < 1 || li > 65535) {
522                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Port out of range `%s'", optarg);
523             }
524             port = (uint16_t)li;
525             break;
526         case 'o':
527                 dev_offset = strtoll (optarg, &end, 0);
528             if (*end) {
529                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid offset `%s'", optarg);
530             }
531             if (dev_offset < 0) {
532                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Offset must be positive `%s'", optarg);
533             }
534             break;
535         case 'l':
536             if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
537                 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
538                 if (!sn_opts) {
539                     errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed in parsing snapshot param `%s'",
540                          optarg);
541                 }
542             } else {
543                 sn_id_or_name = optarg;
544             }
545             /* fall through */
546         case 'r':
547             nbdflags |= NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY;
548             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
549             break;
550         case 'P':
551             partition = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
552             if (*end) {
553                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid partition `%s'", optarg);
554             }
555             if (partition < 1 || partition > 8) {
556                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid partition %d", partition);
557             }
558             break;
559         case 'k':
560             sockpath = optarg;
561             if (sockpath[0] != '/') {
562                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "socket path must be absolute\n");
563             }
564             break;
565         case 'd':
566             disconnect = true;
567             break;
568         case 'c':
569             device = optarg;
570             break;
571         case 'e':
572             shared = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
573             if (*end) {
574                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid shared device number '%s'", optarg);
575             }
576             if (shared < 1) {
577                 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Shared device number must be greater than 0\n");
578             }
579             break;
580         case 'f':
581             fmt = optarg;
582             break;
583         case 't':
584             persistent = 1;
585             break;
586         case 'v':
587             verbose = 1;
588             break;
589         case 'V':
590             version(argv[0]);
591             exit(0);
592             break;
593         case 'h':
594             usage(argv[0]);
595             exit(0);
596             break;
597         case '?':
598             errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Try `%s --help' for more information.",
599                  argv[0]);
600         }
601     }
602 
603     if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
604         errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid number of argument.\n"
605              "Try `%s --help' for more information.",
606              argv[0]);
607     }
608 
609     if (disconnect) {
610         fd = open(argv[optind], O_RDWR);
611         if (fd < 0) {
612             err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot open %s", argv[optind]);
613         }
614         nbd_disconnect(fd);
615 
616         close(fd);
617 
618         printf("%s disconnected\n", argv[optind]);
619 
620         return 0;
621     }
622 
623     if (device && !verbose) {
624         int stderr_fd[2];
625         pid_t pid;
626         int ret;
627 
628         if (qemu_pipe(stderr_fd) < 0) {
629             err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Error setting up communication pipe");
630         }
631 
632         /* Now daemonize, but keep a communication channel open to
633          * print errors and exit with the proper status code.
634          */
635         pid = fork();
636         if (pid == 0) {
637             close(stderr_fd[0]);
638             ret = qemu_daemon(1, 0);
639 
640             /* Temporarily redirect stderr to the parent's pipe...  */
641             dup2(stderr_fd[1], STDERR_FILENO);
642             if (ret < 0) {
643                 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to daemonize");
644             }
645 
646             /* ... close the descriptor we inherited and go on.  */
647             close(stderr_fd[1]);
648         } else {
649             bool errors = false;
650             char *buf;
651 
652             /* In the parent.  Print error messages from the child until
653              * it closes the pipe.
654              */
655             close(stderr_fd[1]);
656             buf = g_malloc(1024);
657             while ((ret = read(stderr_fd[0], buf, 1024)) > 0) {
658                 errors = true;
659                 ret = qemu_write_full(STDERR_FILENO, buf, ret);
660                 if (ret < 0) {
661                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
662                 }
663             }
664             if (ret < 0) {
665                 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot read from daemon");
666             }
667 
668             /* Usually the daemon should not print any message.
669              * Exit with zero status in that case.
670              */
671             exit(errors);
672         }
673     }
674 
675     if (device != NULL && sockpath == NULL) {
676         sockpath = g_malloc(128);
677         snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(device));
678     }
679 
680     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_err)) {
681         error_report_err(local_err);
682         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
683     }
684     bdrv_init();
685     atexit(bdrv_close_all);
686 
687     if (fmt) {
688         options = qdict_new();
689         qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
690     }
691 
692     srcpath = argv[optind];
693     blk = blk_new_open("hda", srcpath, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
694     if (!blk) {
695         errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to blk_new_open '%s': %s", argv[optind],
696              error_get_pretty(local_err));
697     }
698     bs = blk_bs(blk);
699 
700     if (sn_opts) {
701         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs,
702                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
703                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
704                                      &local_err);
705     } else if (sn_id_or_name) {
706         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs, sn_id_or_name,
707                                                    &local_err);
708     }
709     if (ret < 0) {
710         errno = -ret;
711         err(EXIT_FAILURE,
712             "Failed to load snapshot: %s",
713             error_get_pretty(local_err));
714     }
715 
716     bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
717     fd_size = blk_getlength(blk);
718 
719     if (partition != -1) {
720         ret = find_partition(blk, partition, &dev_offset, &fd_size);
721         if (ret < 0) {
722             errno = -ret;
723             err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Could not find partition %d", partition);
724         }
725     }
726 
727     exp = nbd_export_new(blk, dev_offset, fd_size, nbdflags, nbd_export_closed);
728 
729     if (sockpath) {
730         fd = unix_socket_incoming(sockpath);
731     } else {
732         fd = tcp_socket_incoming(bindto, port);
733     }
734 
735     if (fd < 0) {
736         return 1;
737     }
738 
739     if (device) {
740         int ret;
741 
742         ret = pthread_create(&client_thread, NULL, nbd_client_thread, device);
743         if (ret != 0) {
744             errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to create client thread: %s",
745                  strerror(ret));
746         }
747     } else {
748         /* Shut up GCC warnings.  */
749         memset(&client_thread, 0, sizeof(client_thread));
750     }
751 
752     qemu_set_fd_handler2(fd, nbd_can_accept, nbd_accept, NULL,
753                          (void *)(uintptr_t)fd);
754 
755     /* now when the initialization is (almost) complete, chdir("/")
756      * to free any busy filesystems */
757     if (chdir("/") < 0) {
758         err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Could not chdir to root directory");
759     }
760 
761     state = RUNNING;
762     do {
763         main_loop_wait(false);
764         if (state == TERMINATE) {
765             state = TERMINATING;
766             nbd_export_close(exp);
767             nbd_export_put(exp);
768             exp = NULL;
769         }
770     } while (state != TERMINATED);
771 
772     blk_unref(blk);
773     if (sockpath) {
774         unlink(sockpath);
775     }
776 
777     qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
778 
779     if (device) {
780         void *ret;
781         pthread_join(client_thread, &ret);
782         exit(ret != NULL);
783     } else {
784         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
785     }
786 }
787