xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-nbd.c (revision 56e2cd24)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
3  *
4  *  Network Block Device
5  *
6  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
9  *
10  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
14  *
15  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17  */
18 
19 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
20 #include "qapi/error.h"
21 #include "qemu-common.h"
22 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
23 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
24 #include "block/block_int.h"
25 #include "block/nbd.h"
26 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
27 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
28 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
29 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
30 #include "qemu/log.h"
31 #include "qemu/systemd.h"
32 #include "block/snapshot.h"
33 #include "qapi/util.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
35 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
36 #include "io/channel-socket.h"
37 #include "crypto/init.h"
38 #include "trace/control.h"
39 
40 #include <getopt.h>
41 #include <libgen.h>
42 #include <pthread.h>
43 
44 #define SOCKET_PATH                "/var/lock/qemu-nbd-%s"
45 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE         256
46 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO           257
47 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD       258
48 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES 259
49 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT        260
50 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS      261
51 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS    262
52 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK          263
53 
54 #define MBR_SIZE 512
55 
56 static NBDExport *exp;
57 static bool newproto;
58 static int verbose;
59 static char *srcpath;
60 static SocketAddress *saddr;
61 static int persistent = 0;
62 static enum { RUNNING, TERMINATE, TERMINATING, TERMINATED } state;
63 static int shared = 1;
64 static int nb_fds;
65 static QIOChannelSocket *server_ioc;
66 static int server_watch = -1;
67 static QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
68 
69 static void usage(const char *name)
70 {
71     (printf) (
72 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILE\n"
73 "QEMU Disk Network Block Device Server\n"
74 "\n"
75 "  -h, --help                display this help and exit\n"
76 "  -V, --version             output version information and exit\n"
77 "\n"
78 "Connection properties:\n"
79 "  -p, --port=PORT           port to listen on (default `%d')\n"
80 "  -b, --bind=IFACE          interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')\n"
81 "  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket\n"
82 "                            (default '"SOCKET_PATH"')\n"
83 "  -e, --shared=NUM          device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')\n"
84 "  -t, --persistent          don't exit on the last connection\n"
85 "  -v, --verbose             display extra debugging information\n"
86 "  -x, --export-name=NAME    expose export by name\n"
87 "  -D, --description=TEXT    with -x, also export a human-readable description\n"
88 "\n"
89 "Exposing part of the image:\n"
90 "  -o, --offset=OFFSET       offset into the image\n"
91 "  -P, --partition=NUM       only expose partition NUM\n"
92 "\n"
93 "General purpose options:\n"
94 "  --object type,id=ID,...   define an object such as 'secret' for providing\n"
95 "                            passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
96 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
97 "                            specify tracing options\n"
98 "  --fork                    fork off the server process and exit the parent\n"
99 "                            once the server is running\n"
100 #ifdef __linux__
101 "Kernel NBD client support:\n"
102 "  -c, --connect=DEV         connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV\n"
103 "  -d, --disconnect          disconnect the specified device\n"
104 "\n"
105 #endif
106 "\n"
107 "Block device options:\n"
108 "  -f, --format=FORMAT       set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)\n"
109 "  -r, --read-only           export read-only\n"
110 "  -s, --snapshot            use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary\n"
111 "                            file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to\n"
112 "                            the temporary one\n"
113 "  -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM\n"
114 "                            load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it\n"
115 "                            as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is\n"
116 "                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
117 "                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
118 "  -n, --nocache             disable host cache\n"
119 "      --cache=MODE          set cache mode (none, writeback, ...)\n"
120 "      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native or threads)\n"
121 "      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)\n"
122 "      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, unmap)\n"
123 "      --image-opts          treat FILE as a full set of image options\n"
124 "\n"
125 "Report bugs to <qemu-devel@nongnu.org>\n"
126     , name, NBD_DEFAULT_PORT, "DEVICE");
127 }
128 
129 static void version(const char *name)
130 {
131     printf(
132 "%s version 0.0.1\n"
133 "Written by Anthony Liguori.\n"
134 "\n"
135 "Copyright (C) 2006 Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>.\n"
136 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO\n"
137 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
138     , name);
139 }
140 
141 struct partition_record
142 {
143     uint8_t bootable;
144     uint8_t start_head;
145     uint32_t start_cylinder;
146     uint8_t start_sector;
147     uint8_t system;
148     uint8_t end_head;
149     uint8_t end_cylinder;
150     uint8_t end_sector;
151     uint32_t start_sector_abs;
152     uint32_t nb_sectors_abs;
153 };
154 
155 static void read_partition(uint8_t *p, struct partition_record *r)
156 {
157     r->bootable = p[0];
158     r->start_head = p[1];
159     r->start_cylinder = p[3] | ((p[2] << 2) & 0x0300);
160     r->start_sector = p[2] & 0x3f;
161     r->system = p[4];
162     r->end_head = p[5];
163     r->end_cylinder = p[7] | ((p[6] << 2) & 0x300);
164     r->end_sector = p[6] & 0x3f;
165 
166     r->start_sector_abs = ldl_le_p(p + 8);
167     r->nb_sectors_abs   = ldl_le_p(p + 12);
168 }
169 
170 static int find_partition(BlockBackend *blk, int partition,
171                           off_t *offset, off_t *size)
172 {
173     struct partition_record mbr[4];
174     uint8_t data[MBR_SIZE];
175     int i;
176     int ext_partnum = 4;
177     int ret;
178 
179     ret = blk_pread(blk, 0, data, sizeof(data));
180     if (ret < 0) {
181         error_report("error while reading: %s", strerror(-ret));
182         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
183     }
184 
185     if (data[510] != 0x55 || data[511] != 0xaa) {
186         return -EINVAL;
187     }
188 
189     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
190         read_partition(&data[446 + 16 * i], &mbr[i]);
191 
192         if (!mbr[i].system || !mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs) {
193             continue;
194         }
195 
196         if (mbr[i].system == 0xF || mbr[i].system == 0x5) {
197             struct partition_record ext[4];
198             uint8_t data1[MBR_SIZE];
199             int j;
200 
201             ret = blk_pread(blk, mbr[i].start_sector_abs * MBR_SIZE,
202                             data1, sizeof(data1));
203             if (ret < 0) {
204                 error_report("error while reading: %s", strerror(-ret));
205                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
206             }
207 
208             for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
209                 read_partition(&data1[446 + 16 * j], &ext[j]);
210                 if (!ext[j].system || !ext[j].nb_sectors_abs) {
211                     continue;
212                 }
213 
214                 if ((ext_partnum + j + 1) == partition) {
215                     *offset = (uint64_t)ext[j].start_sector_abs << 9;
216                     *size = (uint64_t)ext[j].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
217                     return 0;
218                 }
219             }
220             ext_partnum += 4;
221         } else if ((i + 1) == partition) {
222             *offset = (uint64_t)mbr[i].start_sector_abs << 9;
223             *size = (uint64_t)mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
224             return 0;
225         }
226     }
227 
228     return -ENOENT;
229 }
230 
231 static void termsig_handler(int signum)
232 {
233     atomic_cmpxchg(&state, RUNNING, TERMINATE);
234     qemu_notify_event();
235 }
236 
237 
238 static void *show_parts(void *arg)
239 {
240     char *device = arg;
241     int nbd;
242 
243     /* linux just needs an open() to trigger
244      * the partition table update
245      * but remember to load the module with max_part != 0 :
246      *     modprobe nbd max_part=63
247      */
248     nbd = open(device, O_RDWR);
249     if (nbd >= 0) {
250         close(nbd);
251     }
252     return NULL;
253 }
254 
255 static void *nbd_client_thread(void *arg)
256 {
257     char *device = arg;
258     off_t size;
259     uint16_t nbdflags;
260     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
261     int fd;
262     int ret;
263     pthread_t show_parts_thread;
264     Error *local_error = NULL;
265 
266     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
267     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc,
268                                         saddr,
269                                         &local_error) < 0) {
270         error_report_err(local_error);
271         goto out;
272     }
273 
274     ret = nbd_receive_negotiate(QIO_CHANNEL(sioc), NULL, &nbdflags,
275                                 NULL, NULL, NULL,
276                                 &size, &local_error);
277     if (ret < 0) {
278         if (local_error) {
279             error_report_err(local_error);
280         }
281         goto out_socket;
282     }
283 
284     fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
285     if (fd < 0) {
286         /* Linux-only, we can use %m in printf.  */
287         error_report("Failed to open %s: %m", device);
288         goto out_socket;
289     }
290 
291     ret = nbd_init(fd, sioc, nbdflags, size);
292     if (ret < 0) {
293         goto out_fd;
294     }
295 
296     /* update partition table */
297     pthread_create(&show_parts_thread, NULL, show_parts, device);
298 
299     if (verbose) {
300         fprintf(stderr, "NBD device %s is now connected to %s\n",
301                 device, srcpath);
302     } else {
303         /* Close stderr so that the qemu-nbd process exits.  */
304         dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
305     }
306 
307     ret = nbd_client(fd);
308     if (ret) {
309         goto out_fd;
310     }
311     close(fd);
312     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
313     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
314     return (void *) EXIT_SUCCESS;
315 
316 out_fd:
317     close(fd);
318 out_socket:
319     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
320 out:
321     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
322     return (void *) EXIT_FAILURE;
323 }
324 
325 static int nbd_can_accept(void)
326 {
327     return nb_fds < shared;
328 }
329 
330 static void nbd_export_closed(NBDExport *exp)
331 {
332     assert(state == TERMINATING);
333     state = TERMINATED;
334 }
335 
336 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void);
337 
338 static void nbd_client_closed(NBDClient *client)
339 {
340     nb_fds--;
341     if (nb_fds == 0 && !persistent && state == RUNNING) {
342         state = TERMINATE;
343     }
344     nbd_update_server_watch();
345     nbd_client_put(client);
346 }
347 
348 static gboolean nbd_accept(QIOChannel *ioc, GIOCondition cond, gpointer opaque)
349 {
350     QIOChannelSocket *cioc;
351 
352     cioc = qio_channel_socket_accept(QIO_CHANNEL_SOCKET(ioc),
353                                      NULL);
354     if (!cioc) {
355         return TRUE;
356     }
357 
358     if (state >= TERMINATE) {
359         object_unref(OBJECT(cioc));
360         return TRUE;
361     }
362 
363     nb_fds++;
364     nbd_update_server_watch();
365     nbd_client_new(newproto ? NULL : exp, cioc,
366                    tlscreds, NULL, nbd_client_closed);
367     object_unref(OBJECT(cioc));
368 
369     return TRUE;
370 }
371 
372 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
373 {
374     if (nbd_can_accept()) {
375         if (server_watch == -1) {
376             server_watch = qio_channel_add_watch(QIO_CHANNEL(server_ioc),
377                                                  G_IO_IN,
378                                                  nbd_accept,
379                                                  NULL, NULL);
380         }
381     } else {
382         if (server_watch != -1) {
383             g_source_remove(server_watch);
384             server_watch = -1;
385         }
386     }
387 }
388 
389 
390 static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_address(const char *sockpath,
391                                                const char *bindto,
392                                                const char *port)
393 {
394     SocketAddress *saddr;
395 
396     saddr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
397     if (sockpath) {
398         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_UNIX;
399         saddr->u.q_unix.data = g_new0(UnixSocketAddress, 1);
400         saddr->u.q_unix.data->path = g_strdup(sockpath);
401     } else {
402         InetSocketAddress *inet;
403         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_KIND_INET;
404         inet = saddr->u.inet.data = g_new0(InetSocketAddress, 1);
405         inet->host = g_strdup(bindto);
406         if (port) {
407             inet->port = g_strdup(port);
408         } else  {
409             inet->port = g_strdup_printf("%d", NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
410         }
411     }
412 
413     return saddr;
414 }
415 
416 
417 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
418     .name = "file",
419     .implied_opt_name = "file",
420     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
421     .desc = {
422         /* no elements => accept any params */
423         { /* end of list */ }
424     },
425 };
426 
427 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
428     .name = "object",
429     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
430     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
431     .desc = {
432         { }
433     },
434 };
435 
436 
437 
438 static QCryptoTLSCreds *nbd_get_tls_creds(const char *id, Error **errp)
439 {
440     Object *obj;
441     QCryptoTLSCreds *creds;
442 
443     obj = object_resolve_path_component(
444         object_get_objects_root(), id);
445     if (!obj) {
446         error_setg(errp, "No TLS credentials with id '%s'",
447                    id);
448         return NULL;
449     }
450     creds = (QCryptoTLSCreds *)
451         object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS);
452     if (!creds) {
453         error_setg(errp, "Object with id '%s' is not TLS credentials",
454                    id);
455         return NULL;
456     }
457 
458     if (creds->endpoint != QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_SERVER) {
459         error_setg(errp,
460                    "Expecting TLS credentials with a server endpoint");
461         return NULL;
462     }
463     object_ref(obj);
464     return creds;
465 }
466 
467 static void setup_address_and_port(const char **address, const char **port)
468 {
469     if (*address == NULL) {
470         *address = "0.0.0.0";
471     }
472 
473     if (*port == NULL) {
474         *port = stringify(NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
475     }
476 }
477 
478 /*
479  * Check socket parameters compatibility when socket activation is used.
480  */
481 static const char *socket_activation_validate_opts(const char *device,
482                                                    const char *sockpath,
483                                                    const char *address,
484                                                    const char *port)
485 {
486     if (device != NULL) {
487         return "NBD device can't be set when using socket activation";
488     }
489 
490     if (sockpath != NULL) {
491         return "Unix socket can't be set when using socket activation";
492     }
493 
494     if (address != NULL) {
495         return "The interface can't be set when using socket activation";
496     }
497 
498     if (port != NULL) {
499         return "TCP port number can't be set when using socket activation";
500     }
501 
502     return NULL;
503 }
504 
505 int main(int argc, char **argv)
506 {
507     BlockBackend *blk;
508     BlockDriverState *bs;
509     off_t dev_offset = 0;
510     uint16_t nbdflags = 0;
511     bool disconnect = false;
512     const char *bindto = NULL;
513     const char *port = NULL;
514     char *sockpath = NULL;
515     char *device = NULL;
516     off_t fd_size;
517     QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
518     const char *sn_id_or_name = NULL;
519     const char *sopt = "hVb:o:p:rsnP:c:dvk:e:f:tl:x:T:D:";
520     struct option lopt[] = {
521         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
522         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
523         { "bind", required_argument, NULL, 'b' },
524         { "port", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
525         { "socket", required_argument, NULL, 'k' },
526         { "offset", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
527         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
528         { "partition", required_argument, NULL, 'P' },
529         { "connect", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
530         { "disconnect", no_argument, NULL, 'd' },
531         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
532         { "load-snapshot", required_argument, NULL, 'l' },
533         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
534         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE },
535         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO },
536         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD },
537         { "detect-zeroes", required_argument, NULL,
538           QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES },
539         { "shared", required_argument, NULL, 'e' },
540         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
541         { "persistent", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
542         { "verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v' },
543         { "object", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT },
544         { "export-name", required_argument, NULL, 'x' },
545         { "description", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
546         { "tls-creds", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS },
547         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS },
548         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
549         { "fork", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK },
550         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
551     };
552     int ch;
553     int opt_ind = 0;
554     char *end;
555     int flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
556     int partition = -1;
557     int ret = 0;
558     bool seen_cache = false;
559     bool seen_discard = false;
560     bool seen_aio = false;
561     pthread_t client_thread;
562     const char *fmt = NULL;
563     Error *local_err = NULL;
564     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes = BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF;
565     QDict *options = NULL;
566     const char *export_name = NULL;
567     const char *export_description = NULL;
568     const char *tlscredsid = NULL;
569     bool imageOpts = false;
570     bool writethrough = true;
571     char *trace_file = NULL;
572     bool fork_process = false;
573     int old_stderr = -1;
574     unsigned socket_activation;
575 
576     /* The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server.  A signal
577      * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
578      */
579     struct sigaction sa_sigterm;
580     memset(&sa_sigterm, 0, sizeof(sa_sigterm));
581     sa_sigterm.sa_handler = termsig_handler;
582     sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa_sigterm, NULL);
583 
584     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
585     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
586 
587     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
588     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
589     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
590     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
591 
592     while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_ind)) != -1) {
593         switch (ch) {
594         case 's':
595             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
596             break;
597         case 'n':
598             optarg = (char *) "none";
599             /* fallthrough */
600         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE:
601             if (seen_cache) {
602                 error_report("-n and --cache can only be specified once");
603                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
604             }
605             seen_cache = true;
606             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) == -1) {
607                 error_report("Invalid cache mode `%s'", optarg);
608                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
609             }
610             break;
611         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO:
612             if (seen_aio) {
613                 error_report("--aio can only be specified once");
614                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
615             }
616             seen_aio = true;
617             if (!strcmp(optarg, "native")) {
618                 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
619             } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "threads")) {
620                 /* this is the default */
621             } else {
622                error_report("invalid aio mode `%s'", optarg);
623                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
624             }
625             break;
626         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD:
627             if (seen_discard) {
628                 error_report("--discard can only be specified once");
629                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
630             }
631             seen_discard = true;
632             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
633                 error_report("Invalid discard mode `%s'", optarg);
634                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
635             }
636             break;
637         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES:
638             detect_zeroes =
639                 qapi_enum_parse(BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_lookup,
640                                 optarg,
641                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS__MAX,
642                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF,
643                                 &local_err);
644             if (local_err) {
645                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
646                                   "Failed to parse detect_zeroes mode: ");
647                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
648             }
649             if (detect_zeroes == BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_UNMAP &&
650                 !(flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP)) {
651                 error_report("setting detect-zeroes to unmap is not allowed "
652                              "without setting discard operation to unmap");
653                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
654             }
655             break;
656         case 'b':
657             bindto = optarg;
658             break;
659         case 'p':
660             port = optarg;
661             break;
662         case 'o':
663                 dev_offset = strtoll (optarg, &end, 0);
664             if (*end) {
665                 error_report("Invalid offset `%s'", optarg);
666                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
667             }
668             if (dev_offset < 0) {
669                 error_report("Offset must be positive `%s'", optarg);
670                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
671             }
672             break;
673         case 'l':
674             if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
675                 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
676                                                   optarg, false);
677                 if (!sn_opts) {
678                     error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param `%s'",
679                                  optarg);
680                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
681                 }
682             } else {
683                 sn_id_or_name = optarg;
684             }
685             /* fall through */
686         case 'r':
687             nbdflags |= NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY;
688             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
689             break;
690         case 'P':
691             partition = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
692             if (*end) {
693                 error_report("Invalid partition `%s'", optarg);
694                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
695             }
696             if (partition < 1 || partition > 8) {
697                 error_report("Invalid partition %d", partition);
698                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
699             }
700             break;
701         case 'k':
702             sockpath = optarg;
703             if (sockpath[0] != '/') {
704                 error_report("socket path must be absolute");
705                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
706             }
707             break;
708         case 'd':
709             disconnect = true;
710             break;
711         case 'c':
712             device = optarg;
713             break;
714         case 'e':
715             shared = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
716             if (*end) {
717                 error_report("Invalid shared device number '%s'", optarg);
718                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
719             }
720             if (shared < 1) {
721                 error_report("Shared device number must be greater than 0");
722                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
723             }
724             break;
725         case 'f':
726             fmt = optarg;
727             break;
728         case 't':
729             persistent = 1;
730             break;
731         case 'x':
732             export_name = optarg;
733             break;
734         case 'D':
735             export_description = optarg;
736             break;
737         case 'v':
738             verbose = 1;
739             break;
740         case 'V':
741             version(argv[0]);
742             exit(0);
743             break;
744         case 'h':
745             usage(argv[0]);
746             exit(0);
747             break;
748         case '?':
749             error_report("Try `%s --help' for more information.", argv[0]);
750             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
751         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT: {
752             QemuOpts *opts;
753             opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
754                                            optarg, true);
755             if (!opts) {
756                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
757             }
758         }   break;
759         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS:
760             tlscredsid = optarg;
761             break;
762         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS:
763             imageOpts = true;
764             break;
765         case 'T':
766             g_free(trace_file);
767             trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
768             break;
769         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK:
770             fork_process = true;
771             break;
772         }
773     }
774 
775     if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
776         error_report("Invalid number of arguments");
777         error_printf("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", argv[0]);
778         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
779     }
780 
781     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
782                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
783                           NULL, NULL)) {
784         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
785     }
786 
787     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
788         exit(1);
789     }
790     trace_init_file(trace_file);
791     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
792 
793     socket_activation = check_socket_activation();
794     if (socket_activation == 0) {
795         setup_address_and_port(&bindto, &port);
796     } else {
797         /* Using socket activation - check user didn't use -p etc. */
798         const char *err_msg = socket_activation_validate_opts(device, sockpath,
799                                                               bindto, port);
800         if (err_msg != NULL) {
801             error_report("%s", err_msg);
802             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
803         }
804 
805         /* qemu-nbd can only listen on a single socket.  */
806         if (socket_activation > 1) {
807             error_report("qemu-nbd does not support socket activation with %s > 1",
808                          "LISTEN_FDS");
809             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
810         }
811     }
812 
813     if (tlscredsid) {
814         if (sockpath) {
815             error_report("TLS is only supported with IPv4/IPv6");
816             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
817         }
818         if (device) {
819             error_report("TLS is not supported with a host device");
820             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
821         }
822         if (!export_name) {
823             /* Set the default NBD protocol export name, since
824              * we *must* use new style protocol for TLS */
825             export_name = "";
826         }
827         tlscreds = nbd_get_tls_creds(tlscredsid, &local_err);
828         if (local_err) {
829             error_report("Failed to get TLS creds %s",
830                          error_get_pretty(local_err));
831             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
832         }
833     }
834 
835     if (disconnect) {
836         int nbdfd = open(argv[optind], O_RDWR);
837         if (nbdfd < 0) {
838             error_report("Cannot open %s: %s", argv[optind],
839                          strerror(errno));
840             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
841         }
842         nbd_disconnect(nbdfd);
843 
844         close(nbdfd);
845 
846         printf("%s disconnected\n", argv[optind]);
847 
848         return 0;
849     }
850 
851     if ((device && !verbose) || fork_process) {
852         int stderr_fd[2];
853         pid_t pid;
854         int ret;
855 
856         if (qemu_pipe(stderr_fd) < 0) {
857             error_report("Error setting up communication pipe: %s",
858                          strerror(errno));
859             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
860         }
861 
862         /* Now daemonize, but keep a communication channel open to
863          * print errors and exit with the proper status code.
864          */
865         pid = fork();
866         if (pid < 0) {
867             error_report("Failed to fork: %s", strerror(errno));
868             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
869         } else if (pid == 0) {
870             close(stderr_fd[0]);
871             ret = qemu_daemon(1, 0);
872 
873             /* Temporarily redirect stderr to the parent's pipe...  */
874             old_stderr = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
875             dup2(stderr_fd[1], STDERR_FILENO);
876             if (ret < 0) {
877                 error_report("Failed to daemonize: %s", strerror(errno));
878                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
879             }
880 
881             /* ... close the descriptor we inherited and go on.  */
882             close(stderr_fd[1]);
883         } else {
884             bool errors = false;
885             char *buf;
886 
887             /* In the parent.  Print error messages from the child until
888              * it closes the pipe.
889              */
890             close(stderr_fd[1]);
891             buf = g_malloc(1024);
892             while ((ret = read(stderr_fd[0], buf, 1024)) > 0) {
893                 errors = true;
894                 ret = qemu_write_full(STDERR_FILENO, buf, ret);
895                 if (ret < 0) {
896                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
897                 }
898             }
899             if (ret < 0) {
900                 error_report("Cannot read from daemon: %s",
901                              strerror(errno));
902                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
903             }
904 
905             /* Usually the daemon should not print any message.
906              * Exit with zero status in that case.
907              */
908             exit(errors);
909         }
910     }
911 
912     if (device != NULL && sockpath == NULL) {
913         sockpath = g_malloc(128);
914         snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(device));
915     }
916 
917     if (socket_activation == 0) {
918         server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
919         saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
920         if (qio_channel_socket_listen_sync(server_ioc, saddr, &local_err) < 0) {
921             object_unref(OBJECT(server_ioc));
922             error_report_err(local_err);
923             return 1;
924         }
925     } else {
926         /* See comment in check_socket_activation above. */
927         assert(socket_activation == 1);
928         server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new_fd(FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD,
929                                                &local_err);
930         if (server_ioc == NULL) {
931             error_report("Failed to use socket activation: %s",
932                          error_get_pretty(local_err));
933             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
934         }
935     }
936 
937     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_err)) {
938         error_report_err(local_err);
939         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
940     }
941     bdrv_init();
942     atexit(bdrv_close_all);
943 
944     srcpath = argv[optind];
945     if (imageOpts) {
946         QemuOpts *opts;
947         if (fmt) {
948             error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
949             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
950         }
951         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, srcpath, true);
952         if (!opts) {
953             qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
954             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
955         }
956         options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
957         qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
958         blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
959     } else {
960         if (fmt) {
961             options = qdict_new();
962             qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
963         }
964         blk = blk_new_open(srcpath, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
965     }
966 
967     if (!blk) {
968         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to blk_new_open '%s': ",
969                           argv[optind]);
970         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
971     }
972     bs = blk_bs(blk);
973 
974     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
975 
976     if (sn_opts) {
977         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs,
978                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
979                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
980                                      &local_err);
981     } else if (sn_id_or_name) {
982         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs, sn_id_or_name,
983                                                    &local_err);
984     }
985     if (ret < 0) {
986         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
987         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
988     }
989 
990     bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
991     fd_size = blk_getlength(blk);
992     if (fd_size < 0) {
993         error_report("Failed to determine the image length: %s",
994                      strerror(-fd_size));
995         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
996     }
997 
998     if (dev_offset >= fd_size) {
999         error_report("Offset (%lld) has to be smaller than the image size "
1000                      "(%lld)",
1001                      (long long int)dev_offset, (long long int)fd_size);
1002         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1003     }
1004     fd_size -= dev_offset;
1005 
1006     if (partition != -1) {
1007         ret = find_partition(blk, partition, &dev_offset, &fd_size);
1008         if (ret < 0) {
1009             error_report("Could not find partition %d: %s", partition,
1010                          strerror(-ret));
1011             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1012         }
1013     }
1014 
1015     exp = nbd_export_new(bs, dev_offset, fd_size, nbdflags, nbd_export_closed,
1016                          writethrough, NULL, &local_err);
1017     if (!exp) {
1018         error_report_err(local_err);
1019         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1020     }
1021     if (export_name) {
1022         nbd_export_set_name(exp, export_name);
1023         nbd_export_set_description(exp, export_description);
1024         newproto = true;
1025     } else if (export_description) {
1026         error_report("Export description requires an export name");
1027         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1028     }
1029 
1030     if (device) {
1031         int ret;
1032 
1033         ret = pthread_create(&client_thread, NULL, nbd_client_thread, device);
1034         if (ret != 0) {
1035             error_report("Failed to create client thread: %s", strerror(ret));
1036             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1037         }
1038     } else {
1039         /* Shut up GCC warnings.  */
1040         memset(&client_thread, 0, sizeof(client_thread));
1041     }
1042 
1043     nbd_update_server_watch();
1044 
1045     /* now when the initialization is (almost) complete, chdir("/")
1046      * to free any busy filesystems */
1047     if (chdir("/") < 0) {
1048         error_report("Could not chdir to root directory: %s",
1049                      strerror(errno));
1050         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1051     }
1052 
1053     if (fork_process) {
1054         dup2(old_stderr, STDERR_FILENO);
1055         close(old_stderr);
1056     }
1057 
1058     state = RUNNING;
1059     do {
1060         main_loop_wait(false);
1061         if (state == TERMINATE) {
1062             state = TERMINATING;
1063             nbd_export_close(exp);
1064             nbd_export_put(exp);
1065             exp = NULL;
1066         }
1067     } while (state != TERMINATED);
1068 
1069     blk_unref(blk);
1070     if (sockpath) {
1071         unlink(sockpath);
1072     }
1073 
1074     qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1075 
1076     if (device) {
1077         void *ret;
1078         pthread_join(client_thread, &ret);
1079         exit(ret != NULL);
1080     } else {
1081         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
1082     }
1083 }
1084