xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-nbd.c (revision 04e3aabd)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
3  *
4  *  Network Block Device
5  *
6  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
9  *
10  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
14  *
15  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17  */
18 
19 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
20 #include <getopt.h>
21 #include <libgen.h>
22 #include <pthread.h>
23 
24 #include "qapi/error.h"
25 #include "qemu-common.h"
26 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
27 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
28 #include "block/block_int.h"
29 #include "block/nbd.h"
30 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
31 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
32 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
33 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
34 #include "qemu/log.h"
35 #include "qemu/systemd.h"
36 #include "block/snapshot.h"
37 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
38 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
39 #include "io/channel-socket.h"
40 #include "crypto/init.h"
41 #include "trace/control.h"
42 #include "qemu-version.h"
43 
44 #define SOCKET_PATH                "/var/lock/qemu-nbd-%s"
45 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE         256
46 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO           257
47 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD       258
48 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES 259
49 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT        260
50 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS      261
51 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS    262
52 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK          263
53 
54 #define MBR_SIZE 512
55 
56 static NBDExport *exp;
57 static bool newproto;
58 static int verbose;
59 static char *srcpath;
60 static SocketAddress *saddr;
61 static int persistent = 0;
62 static enum { RUNNING, TERMINATE, TERMINATING, TERMINATED } state;
63 static int shared = 1;
64 static int nb_fds;
65 static QIOChannelSocket *server_ioc;
66 static int server_watch = -1;
67 static QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
68 
69 static void usage(const char *name)
70 {
71     (printf) (
72 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILE\n"
73 "QEMU Disk Network Block Device Server\n"
74 "\n"
75 "  -h, --help                display this help and exit\n"
76 "  -V, --version             output version information and exit\n"
77 "\n"
78 "Connection properties:\n"
79 "  -p, --port=PORT           port to listen on (default `%d')\n"
80 "  -b, --bind=IFACE          interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')\n"
81 "  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket\n"
82 "                            (default '"SOCKET_PATH"')\n"
83 "  -e, --shared=NUM          device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')\n"
84 "  -t, --persistent          don't exit on the last connection\n"
85 "  -v, --verbose             display extra debugging information\n"
86 "  -x, --export-name=NAME    expose export by name\n"
87 "  -D, --description=TEXT    with -x, also export a human-readable description\n"
88 "\n"
89 "Exposing part of the image:\n"
90 "  -o, --offset=OFFSET       offset into the image\n"
91 "  -P, --partition=NUM       only expose partition NUM\n"
92 "\n"
93 "General purpose options:\n"
94 "  --object type,id=ID,...   define an object such as 'secret' for providing\n"
95 "                            passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
96 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
97 "                            specify tracing options\n"
98 "  --fork                    fork off the server process and exit the parent\n"
99 "                            once the server is running\n"
100 #ifdef __linux__
101 "Kernel NBD client support:\n"
102 "  -c, --connect=DEV         connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV\n"
103 "  -d, --disconnect          disconnect the specified device\n"
104 "\n"
105 #endif
106 "\n"
107 "Block device options:\n"
108 "  -f, --format=FORMAT       set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)\n"
109 "  -r, --read-only           export read-only\n"
110 "  -s, --snapshot            use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary\n"
111 "                            file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to\n"
112 "                            the temporary one\n"
113 "  -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM\n"
114 "                            load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it\n"
115 "                            as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is\n"
116 "                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
117 "                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
118 "  -n, --nocache             disable host cache\n"
119 "      --cache=MODE          set cache mode (none, writeback, ...)\n"
120 "      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native or threads)\n"
121 "      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)\n"
122 "      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, unmap)\n"
123 "      --image-opts          treat FILE as a full set of image options\n"
124 "\n"
125 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n"
126     , name, NBD_DEFAULT_PORT, "DEVICE");
127 }
128 
129 static void version(const char *name)
130 {
131     printf(
132 "%s " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION "\n"
133 "Written by Anthony Liguori.\n"
134 "\n"
135 QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
136 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO\n"
137 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
138     , name);
139 }
140 
141 struct partition_record
142 {
143     uint8_t bootable;
144     uint8_t start_head;
145     uint32_t start_cylinder;
146     uint8_t start_sector;
147     uint8_t system;
148     uint8_t end_head;
149     uint8_t end_cylinder;
150     uint8_t end_sector;
151     uint32_t start_sector_abs;
152     uint32_t nb_sectors_abs;
153 };
154 
155 static void read_partition(uint8_t *p, struct partition_record *r)
156 {
157     r->bootable = p[0];
158     r->start_head = p[1];
159     r->start_cylinder = p[3] | ((p[2] << 2) & 0x0300);
160     r->start_sector = p[2] & 0x3f;
161     r->system = p[4];
162     r->end_head = p[5];
163     r->end_cylinder = p[7] | ((p[6] << 2) & 0x300);
164     r->end_sector = p[6] & 0x3f;
165 
166     r->start_sector_abs = ldl_le_p(p + 8);
167     r->nb_sectors_abs   = ldl_le_p(p + 12);
168 }
169 
170 static int find_partition(BlockBackend *blk, int partition,
171                           off_t *offset, off_t *size)
172 {
173     struct partition_record mbr[4];
174     uint8_t data[MBR_SIZE];
175     int i;
176     int ext_partnum = 4;
177     int ret;
178 
179     ret = blk_pread(blk, 0, data, sizeof(data));
180     if (ret < 0) {
181         error_report("error while reading: %s", strerror(-ret));
182         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
183     }
184 
185     if (data[510] != 0x55 || data[511] != 0xaa) {
186         return -EINVAL;
187     }
188 
189     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
190         read_partition(&data[446 + 16 * i], &mbr[i]);
191 
192         if (!mbr[i].system || !mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs) {
193             continue;
194         }
195 
196         if (mbr[i].system == 0xF || mbr[i].system == 0x5) {
197             struct partition_record ext[4];
198             uint8_t data1[MBR_SIZE];
199             int j;
200 
201             ret = blk_pread(blk, mbr[i].start_sector_abs * MBR_SIZE,
202                             data1, sizeof(data1));
203             if (ret < 0) {
204                 error_report("error while reading: %s", strerror(-ret));
205                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
206             }
207 
208             for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
209                 read_partition(&data1[446 + 16 * j], &ext[j]);
210                 if (!ext[j].system || !ext[j].nb_sectors_abs) {
211                     continue;
212                 }
213 
214                 if ((ext_partnum + j + 1) == partition) {
215                     *offset = (uint64_t)ext[j].start_sector_abs << 9;
216                     *size = (uint64_t)ext[j].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
217                     return 0;
218                 }
219             }
220             ext_partnum += 4;
221         } else if ((i + 1) == partition) {
222             *offset = (uint64_t)mbr[i].start_sector_abs << 9;
223             *size = (uint64_t)mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
224             return 0;
225         }
226     }
227 
228     return -ENOENT;
229 }
230 
231 static void termsig_handler(int signum)
232 {
233     atomic_cmpxchg(&state, RUNNING, TERMINATE);
234     qemu_notify_event();
235 }
236 
237 
238 static void *show_parts(void *arg)
239 {
240     char *device = arg;
241     int nbd;
242 
243     /* linux just needs an open() to trigger
244      * the partition table update
245      * but remember to load the module with max_part != 0 :
246      *     modprobe nbd max_part=63
247      */
248     nbd = open(device, O_RDWR);
249     if (nbd >= 0) {
250         close(nbd);
251     }
252     return NULL;
253 }
254 
255 static void *nbd_client_thread(void *arg)
256 {
257     char *device = arg;
258     NBDExportInfo info = { .request_sizes = false, };
259     QIOChannelSocket *sioc;
260     int fd;
261     int ret;
262     pthread_t show_parts_thread;
263     Error *local_error = NULL;
264 
265     sioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
266     if (qio_channel_socket_connect_sync(sioc,
267                                         saddr,
268                                         &local_error) < 0) {
269         error_report_err(local_error);
270         goto out;
271     }
272 
273     ret = nbd_receive_negotiate(QIO_CHANNEL(sioc), NULL,
274                                 NULL, NULL, NULL, &info, &local_error);
275     if (ret < 0) {
276         if (local_error) {
277             error_report_err(local_error);
278         }
279         goto out_socket;
280     }
281 
282     fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
283     if (fd < 0) {
284         /* Linux-only, we can use %m in printf.  */
285         error_report("Failed to open %s: %m", device);
286         goto out_socket;
287     }
288 
289     ret = nbd_init(fd, sioc, &info, &local_error);
290     if (ret < 0) {
291         error_report_err(local_error);
292         goto out_fd;
293     }
294 
295     /* update partition table */
296     pthread_create(&show_parts_thread, NULL, show_parts, device);
297 
298     if (verbose) {
299         fprintf(stderr, "NBD device %s is now connected to %s\n",
300                 device, srcpath);
301     } else {
302         /* Close stderr so that the qemu-nbd process exits.  */
303         dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
304     }
305 
306     ret = nbd_client(fd);
307     if (ret) {
308         goto out_fd;
309     }
310     close(fd);
311     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
312     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
313     return (void *) EXIT_SUCCESS;
314 
315 out_fd:
316     close(fd);
317 out_socket:
318     object_unref(OBJECT(sioc));
319 out:
320     kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
321     return (void *) EXIT_FAILURE;
322 }
323 
324 static int nbd_can_accept(void)
325 {
326     return state == RUNNING && nb_fds < shared;
327 }
328 
329 static void nbd_export_closed(NBDExport *exp)
330 {
331     assert(state == TERMINATING);
332     state = TERMINATED;
333 }
334 
335 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void);
336 
337 static void nbd_client_closed(NBDClient *client, bool negotiated)
338 {
339     nb_fds--;
340     if (negotiated && nb_fds == 0 && !persistent && state == RUNNING) {
341         state = TERMINATE;
342     }
343     nbd_update_server_watch();
344     nbd_client_put(client);
345 }
346 
347 static gboolean nbd_accept(QIOChannel *ioc, GIOCondition cond, gpointer opaque)
348 {
349     QIOChannelSocket *cioc;
350 
351     cioc = qio_channel_socket_accept(QIO_CHANNEL_SOCKET(ioc),
352                                      NULL);
353     if (!cioc) {
354         return TRUE;
355     }
356 
357     if (state >= TERMINATE) {
358         object_unref(OBJECT(cioc));
359         return TRUE;
360     }
361 
362     nb_fds++;
363     nbd_update_server_watch();
364     nbd_client_new(newproto ? NULL : exp, cioc,
365                    tlscreds, NULL, nbd_client_closed);
366     object_unref(OBJECT(cioc));
367 
368     return TRUE;
369 }
370 
371 static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
372 {
373     if (nbd_can_accept()) {
374         if (server_watch == -1) {
375             server_watch = qio_channel_add_watch(QIO_CHANNEL(server_ioc),
376                                                  G_IO_IN,
377                                                  nbd_accept,
378                                                  NULL, NULL);
379         }
380     } else {
381         if (server_watch != -1) {
382             g_source_remove(server_watch);
383             server_watch = -1;
384         }
385     }
386 }
387 
388 
389 static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_address(const char *sockpath,
390                                                const char *bindto,
391                                                const char *port)
392 {
393     SocketAddress *saddr;
394 
395     saddr = g_new0(SocketAddress, 1);
396     if (sockpath) {
397         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_UNIX;
398         saddr->u.q_unix.path = g_strdup(sockpath);
399     } else {
400         InetSocketAddress *inet;
401         saddr->type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET;
402         inet = &saddr->u.inet;
403         inet->host = g_strdup(bindto);
404         if (port) {
405             inet->port = g_strdup(port);
406         } else  {
407             inet->port = g_strdup_printf("%d", NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
408         }
409     }
410 
411     return saddr;
412 }
413 
414 
415 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
416     .name = "file",
417     .implied_opt_name = "file",
418     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
419     .desc = {
420         /* no elements => accept any params */
421         { /* end of list */ }
422     },
423 };
424 
425 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
426     .name = "object",
427     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
428     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
429     .desc = {
430         { }
431     },
432 };
433 
434 
435 
436 static QCryptoTLSCreds *nbd_get_tls_creds(const char *id, Error **errp)
437 {
438     Object *obj;
439     QCryptoTLSCreds *creds;
440 
441     obj = object_resolve_path_component(
442         object_get_objects_root(), id);
443     if (!obj) {
444         error_setg(errp, "No TLS credentials with id '%s'",
445                    id);
446         return NULL;
447     }
448     creds = (QCryptoTLSCreds *)
449         object_dynamic_cast(obj, TYPE_QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS);
450     if (!creds) {
451         error_setg(errp, "Object with id '%s' is not TLS credentials",
452                    id);
453         return NULL;
454     }
455 
456     if (creds->endpoint != QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT_SERVER) {
457         error_setg(errp,
458                    "Expecting TLS credentials with a server endpoint");
459         return NULL;
460     }
461     object_ref(obj);
462     return creds;
463 }
464 
465 static void setup_address_and_port(const char **address, const char **port)
466 {
467     if (*address == NULL) {
468         *address = "0.0.0.0";
469     }
470 
471     if (*port == NULL) {
472         *port = stringify(NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);
473     }
474 }
475 
476 /*
477  * Check socket parameters compatibility when socket activation is used.
478  */
479 static const char *socket_activation_validate_opts(const char *device,
480                                                    const char *sockpath,
481                                                    const char *address,
482                                                    const char *port)
483 {
484     if (device != NULL) {
485         return "NBD device can't be set when using socket activation";
486     }
487 
488     if (sockpath != NULL) {
489         return "Unix socket can't be set when using socket activation";
490     }
491 
492     if (address != NULL) {
493         return "The interface can't be set when using socket activation";
494     }
495 
496     if (port != NULL) {
497         return "TCP port number can't be set when using socket activation";
498     }
499 
500     return NULL;
501 }
502 
503 int main(int argc, char **argv)
504 {
505     BlockBackend *blk;
506     BlockDriverState *bs;
507     off_t dev_offset = 0;
508     uint16_t nbdflags = 0;
509     bool disconnect = false;
510     const char *bindto = NULL;
511     const char *port = NULL;
512     char *sockpath = NULL;
513     char *device = NULL;
514     off_t fd_size;
515     QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
516     const char *sn_id_or_name = NULL;
517     const char *sopt = "hVb:o:p:rsnP:c:dvk:e:f:tl:x:T:D:";
518     struct option lopt[] = {
519         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
520         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
521         { "bind", required_argument, NULL, 'b' },
522         { "port", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
523         { "socket", required_argument, NULL, 'k' },
524         { "offset", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
525         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
526         { "partition", required_argument, NULL, 'P' },
527         { "connect", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
528         { "disconnect", no_argument, NULL, 'd' },
529         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
530         { "load-snapshot", required_argument, NULL, 'l' },
531         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
532         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE },
533         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO },
534         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD },
535         { "detect-zeroes", required_argument, NULL,
536           QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES },
537         { "shared", required_argument, NULL, 'e' },
538         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
539         { "persistent", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
540         { "verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v' },
541         { "object", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT },
542         { "export-name", required_argument, NULL, 'x' },
543         { "description", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
544         { "tls-creds", required_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS },
545         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS },
546         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
547         { "fork", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK },
548         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
549     };
550     int ch;
551     int opt_ind = 0;
552     char *end;
553     int flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
554     int partition = -1;
555     int ret = 0;
556     bool seen_cache = false;
557     bool seen_discard = false;
558     bool seen_aio = false;
559     pthread_t client_thread;
560     const char *fmt = NULL;
561     Error *local_err = NULL;
562     BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes = BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF;
563     QDict *options = NULL;
564     const char *export_name = NULL;
565     const char *export_description = NULL;
566     const char *tlscredsid = NULL;
567     bool imageOpts = false;
568     bool writethrough = true;
569     char *trace_file = NULL;
570     bool fork_process = false;
571     int old_stderr = -1;
572     unsigned socket_activation;
573 
574     /* The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server.  A signal
575      * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
576      */
577     struct sigaction sa_sigterm;
578     memset(&sa_sigterm, 0, sizeof(sa_sigterm));
579     sa_sigterm.sa_handler = termsig_handler;
580     sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa_sigterm, NULL);
581 
582 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
583     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
584 #endif
585 
586     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
587     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
588 
589     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
590     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
591     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
592     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
593 
594     while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_ind)) != -1) {
595         switch (ch) {
596         case 's':
597             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
598             break;
599         case 'n':
600             optarg = (char *) "none";
601             /* fallthrough */
602         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE:
603             if (seen_cache) {
604                 error_report("-n and --cache can only be specified once");
605                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
606             }
607             seen_cache = true;
608             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) == -1) {
609                 error_report("Invalid cache mode `%s'", optarg);
610                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
611             }
612             break;
613         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO:
614             if (seen_aio) {
615                 error_report("--aio can only be specified once");
616                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
617             }
618             seen_aio = true;
619             if (!strcmp(optarg, "native")) {
620                 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
621             } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "threads")) {
622                 /* this is the default */
623             } else {
624                error_report("invalid aio mode `%s'", optarg);
625                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
626             }
627             break;
628         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD:
629             if (seen_discard) {
630                 error_report("--discard can only be specified once");
631                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
632             }
633             seen_discard = true;
634             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
635                 error_report("Invalid discard mode `%s'", optarg);
636                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
637             }
638             break;
639         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DETECT_ZEROES:
640             detect_zeroes =
641                 qapi_enum_parse(&BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions_lookup,
642                                 optarg,
643                                 BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_OFF,
644                                 &local_err);
645             if (local_err) {
646                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
647                                   "Failed to parse detect_zeroes mode: ");
648                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
649             }
650             if (detect_zeroes == BLOCKDEV_DETECT_ZEROES_OPTIONS_UNMAP &&
651                 !(flags & BDRV_O_UNMAP)) {
652                 error_report("setting detect-zeroes to unmap is not allowed "
653                              "without setting discard operation to unmap");
654                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
655             }
656             break;
657         case 'b':
658             bindto = optarg;
659             break;
660         case 'p':
661             port = optarg;
662             break;
663         case 'o':
664                 dev_offset = strtoll (optarg, &end, 0);
665             if (*end) {
666                 error_report("Invalid offset `%s'", optarg);
667                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
668             }
669             if (dev_offset < 0) {
670                 error_report("Offset must be positive `%s'", optarg);
671                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
672             }
673             break;
674         case 'l':
675             if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
676                 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
677                                                   optarg, false);
678                 if (!sn_opts) {
679                     error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param `%s'",
680                                  optarg);
681                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
682                 }
683             } else {
684                 sn_id_or_name = optarg;
685             }
686             /* fall through */
687         case 'r':
688             nbdflags |= NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY;
689             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
690             break;
691         case 'P':
692             partition = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
693             if (*end) {
694                 error_report("Invalid partition `%s'", optarg);
695                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
696             }
697             if (partition < 1 || partition > 8) {
698                 error_report("Invalid partition %d", partition);
699                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
700             }
701             break;
702         case 'k':
703             sockpath = optarg;
704             if (sockpath[0] != '/') {
705                 error_report("socket path must be absolute");
706                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
707             }
708             break;
709         case 'd':
710             disconnect = true;
711             break;
712         case 'c':
713             device = optarg;
714             break;
715         case 'e':
716             shared = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
717             if (*end) {
718                 error_report("Invalid shared device number '%s'", optarg);
719                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
720             }
721             if (shared < 1) {
722                 error_report("Shared device number must be greater than 0");
723                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
724             }
725             break;
726         case 'f':
727             fmt = optarg;
728             break;
729         case 't':
730             persistent = 1;
731             break;
732         case 'x':
733             export_name = optarg;
734             break;
735         case 'D':
736             export_description = optarg;
737             break;
738         case 'v':
739             verbose = 1;
740             break;
741         case 'V':
742             version(argv[0]);
743             exit(0);
744             break;
745         case 'h':
746             usage(argv[0]);
747             exit(0);
748             break;
749         case '?':
750             error_report("Try `%s --help' for more information.", argv[0]);
751             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
752         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_OBJECT: {
753             QemuOpts *opts;
754             opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
755                                            optarg, true);
756             if (!opts) {
757                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
758             }
759         }   break;
760         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS:
761             tlscredsid = optarg;
762             break;
763         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS:
764             imageOpts = true;
765             break;
766         case 'T':
767             g_free(trace_file);
768             trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
769             break;
770         case QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK:
771             fork_process = true;
772             break;
773         }
774     }
775 
776     if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
777         error_report("Invalid number of arguments");
778         error_printf("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", argv[0]);
779         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
780     }
781 
782     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
783                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
784                           NULL, NULL)) {
785         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
786     }
787 
788     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
789         exit(1);
790     }
791     trace_init_file(trace_file);
792     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
793 
794     socket_activation = check_socket_activation();
795     if (socket_activation == 0) {
796         setup_address_and_port(&bindto, &port);
797     } else {
798         /* Using socket activation - check user didn't use -p etc. */
799         const char *err_msg = socket_activation_validate_opts(device, sockpath,
800                                                               bindto, port);
801         if (err_msg != NULL) {
802             error_report("%s", err_msg);
803             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
804         }
805 
806         /* qemu-nbd can only listen on a single socket.  */
807         if (socket_activation > 1) {
808             error_report("qemu-nbd does not support socket activation with %s > 1",
809                          "LISTEN_FDS");
810             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
811         }
812     }
813 
814     if (tlscredsid) {
815         if (sockpath) {
816             error_report("TLS is only supported with IPv4/IPv6");
817             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
818         }
819         if (device) {
820             error_report("TLS is not supported with a host device");
821             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
822         }
823         if (!export_name) {
824             /* Set the default NBD protocol export name, since
825              * we *must* use new style protocol for TLS */
826             export_name = "";
827         }
828         tlscreds = nbd_get_tls_creds(tlscredsid, &local_err);
829         if (local_err) {
830             error_report("Failed to get TLS creds %s",
831                          error_get_pretty(local_err));
832             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
833         }
834     }
835 
836     if (disconnect) {
837         int nbdfd = open(argv[optind], O_RDWR);
838         if (nbdfd < 0) {
839             error_report("Cannot open %s: %s", argv[optind],
840                          strerror(errno));
841             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
842         }
843         nbd_disconnect(nbdfd);
844 
845         close(nbdfd);
846 
847         printf("%s disconnected\n", argv[optind]);
848 
849         return 0;
850     }
851 
852     if ((device && !verbose) || fork_process) {
853         int stderr_fd[2];
854         pid_t pid;
855         int ret;
856 
857         if (qemu_pipe(stderr_fd) < 0) {
858             error_report("Error setting up communication pipe: %s",
859                          strerror(errno));
860             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
861         }
862 
863         /* Now daemonize, but keep a communication channel open to
864          * print errors and exit with the proper status code.
865          */
866         pid = fork();
867         if (pid < 0) {
868             error_report("Failed to fork: %s", strerror(errno));
869             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
870         } else if (pid == 0) {
871             close(stderr_fd[0]);
872             ret = qemu_daemon(1, 0);
873 
874             /* Temporarily redirect stderr to the parent's pipe...  */
875             old_stderr = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
876             dup2(stderr_fd[1], STDERR_FILENO);
877             if (ret < 0) {
878                 error_report("Failed to daemonize: %s", strerror(errno));
879                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
880             }
881 
882             /* ... close the descriptor we inherited and go on.  */
883             close(stderr_fd[1]);
884         } else {
885             bool errors = false;
886             char *buf;
887 
888             /* In the parent.  Print error messages from the child until
889              * it closes the pipe.
890              */
891             close(stderr_fd[1]);
892             buf = g_malloc(1024);
893             while ((ret = read(stderr_fd[0], buf, 1024)) > 0) {
894                 errors = true;
895                 ret = qemu_write_full(STDERR_FILENO, buf, ret);
896                 if (ret < 0) {
897                     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
898                 }
899             }
900             if (ret < 0) {
901                 error_report("Cannot read from daemon: %s",
902                              strerror(errno));
903                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
904             }
905 
906             /* Usually the daemon should not print any message.
907              * Exit with zero status in that case.
908              */
909             exit(errors);
910         }
911     }
912 
913     if (device != NULL && sockpath == NULL) {
914         sockpath = g_malloc(128);
915         snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(device));
916     }
917 
918     if (socket_activation == 0) {
919         server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
920         saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
921         if (qio_channel_socket_listen_sync(server_ioc, saddr, &local_err) < 0) {
922             object_unref(OBJECT(server_ioc));
923             error_report_err(local_err);
924             return 1;
925         }
926     } else {
927         /* See comment in check_socket_activation above. */
928         assert(socket_activation == 1);
929         server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new_fd(FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD,
930                                                &local_err);
931         if (server_ioc == NULL) {
932             error_report("Failed to use socket activation: %s",
933                          error_get_pretty(local_err));
934             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
935         }
936     }
937 
938     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_err)) {
939         error_report_err(local_err);
940         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
941     }
942     bdrv_init();
943     atexit(bdrv_close_all);
944 
945     srcpath = argv[optind];
946     if (imageOpts) {
947         QemuOpts *opts;
948         if (fmt) {
949             error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
950             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
951         }
952         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, srcpath, true);
953         if (!opts) {
954             qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
955             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
956         }
957         options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
958         qemu_opts_reset(&file_opts);
959         blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
960     } else {
961         if (fmt) {
962             options = qdict_new();
963             qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
964         }
965         blk = blk_new_open(srcpath, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
966     }
967 
968     if (!blk) {
969         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to blk_new_open '%s': ",
970                           argv[optind]);
971         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
972     }
973     bs = blk_bs(blk);
974 
975     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
976 
977     if (sn_opts) {
978         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs,
979                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
980                                      qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
981                                      &local_err);
982     } else if (sn_id_or_name) {
983         ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs, sn_id_or_name,
984                                                    &local_err);
985     }
986     if (ret < 0) {
987         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
988         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
989     }
990 
991     bs->detect_zeroes = detect_zeroes;
992     fd_size = blk_getlength(blk);
993     if (fd_size < 0) {
994         error_report("Failed to determine the image length: %s",
995                      strerror(-fd_size));
996         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
997     }
998 
999     if (dev_offset >= fd_size) {
1000         error_report("Offset (%lld) has to be smaller than the image size "
1001                      "(%lld)",
1002                      (long long int)dev_offset, (long long int)fd_size);
1003         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1004     }
1005     fd_size -= dev_offset;
1006 
1007     if (partition != -1) {
1008         ret = find_partition(blk, partition, &dev_offset, &fd_size);
1009         if (ret < 0) {
1010             error_report("Could not find partition %d: %s", partition,
1011                          strerror(-ret));
1012             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1013         }
1014     }
1015 
1016     exp = nbd_export_new(bs, dev_offset, fd_size, nbdflags, nbd_export_closed,
1017                          writethrough, NULL, &local_err);
1018     if (!exp) {
1019         error_report_err(local_err);
1020         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1021     }
1022     if (export_name) {
1023         nbd_export_set_name(exp, export_name);
1024         nbd_export_set_description(exp, export_description);
1025         newproto = true;
1026     } else if (export_description) {
1027         error_report("Export description requires an export name");
1028         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1029     }
1030 
1031     if (device) {
1032         int ret;
1033 
1034         ret = pthread_create(&client_thread, NULL, nbd_client_thread, device);
1035         if (ret != 0) {
1036             error_report("Failed to create client thread: %s", strerror(ret));
1037             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1038         }
1039     } else {
1040         /* Shut up GCC warnings.  */
1041         memset(&client_thread, 0, sizeof(client_thread));
1042     }
1043 
1044     nbd_update_server_watch();
1045 
1046     /* now when the initialization is (almost) complete, chdir("/")
1047      * to free any busy filesystems */
1048     if (chdir("/") < 0) {
1049         error_report("Could not chdir to root directory: %s",
1050                      strerror(errno));
1051         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1052     }
1053 
1054     if (fork_process) {
1055         dup2(old_stderr, STDERR_FILENO);
1056         close(old_stderr);
1057     }
1058 
1059     state = RUNNING;
1060     do {
1061         main_loop_wait(false);
1062         if (state == TERMINATE) {
1063             state = TERMINATING;
1064             nbd_export_close(exp);
1065             nbd_export_put(exp);
1066             exp = NULL;
1067         }
1068     } while (state != TERMINATED);
1069 
1070     blk_unref(blk);
1071     if (sockpath) {
1072         unlink(sockpath);
1073     }
1074 
1075     qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1076 
1077     if (device) {
1078         void *ret;
1079         pthread_join(client_thread, &ret);
1080         exit(ret != NULL);
1081     } else {
1082         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
1083     }
1084 }
1085