1 /* 2 * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path. 3 * 4 * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc. 5 * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc. 6 * 7 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later. 8 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory. 9 */ 10 11 #include "qemu/osdep.h" 12 #include <getopt.h> 13 #include <libgen.h> 14 #ifndef _WIN32 15 #include <termios.h> 16 #endif 17 18 #include "qemu/help-texts.h" 19 #include "qemu/cutils.h" 20 #include "qapi/error.h" 21 #include "qemu-io.h" 22 #include "qemu/error-report.h" 23 #include "qemu/main-loop.h" 24 #include "qemu/module.h" 25 #include "qemu/option.h" 26 #include "qemu/config-file.h" 27 #include "qemu/readline.h" 28 #include "qemu/log.h" 29 #include "qemu/sockets.h" 30 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h" 31 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h" 32 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h" 33 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h" 34 #include "block/block_int.h" 35 #include "trace/control.h" 36 #include "crypto/init.h" 37 #include "qemu-version.h" 38 39 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK 0x01 40 41 static BlockBackend *qemuio_blk; 42 static bool quit_qemu_io; 43 44 /* qemu-io commands passed using -c */ 45 static int ncmdline; 46 static char **cmdline; 47 static bool imageOpts; 48 49 static ReadLineState *readline_state; 50 51 static int ttyEOF; 52 53 static int get_eof_char(void) 54 { 55 #ifdef _WIN32 56 return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */ 57 #else 58 struct termios tty; 59 if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty) != 0) { 60 if (errno == ENOTTY) { 61 return 0x0; /* just expect read() == 0 */ 62 } else { 63 return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */ 64 } 65 } 66 67 return tty.c_cc[VEOF]; 68 #endif 69 } 70 71 static int close_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv) 72 { 73 blk_unref(qemuio_blk); 74 qemuio_blk = NULL; 75 return 0; 76 } 77 78 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = { 79 .name = "close", 80 .altname = "c", 81 .cfunc = close_f, 82 .oneline = "close the current open file", 83 }; 84 85 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, bool writethrough, bool force_share, 86 QDict *opts) 87 { 88 Error *local_err = NULL; 89 90 if (qemuio_blk) { 91 error_report("file open already, try 'help close'"); 92 qobject_unref(opts); 93 return 1; 94 } 95 96 if (force_share) { 97 if (!opts) { 98 opts = qdict_new(); 99 } 100 if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE) 101 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) { 102 error_report("-U conflicts with image options"); 103 qobject_unref(opts); 104 return 1; 105 } 106 qdict_put_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on"); 107 } 108 qemuio_blk = blk_new_open(name, NULL, opts, flags, &local_err); 109 if (!qemuio_blk) { 110 error_reportf_err(local_err, "can't open%s%s: ", 111 name ? " device " : "", name ?: ""); 112 return 1; 113 } 114 115 blk_set_enable_write_cache(qemuio_blk, !writethrough); 116 117 return 0; 118 } 119 120 static void open_help(void) 121 { 122 printf( 123 "\n" 124 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n" 125 "\n" 126 " Example:\n" 127 " 'open -n -o driver=raw /tmp/data' - opens raw data file read-write, uncached\n" 128 "\n" 129 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n" 130 " -r, -- open file read-only\n" 131 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n" 132 " -C, -- use copy-on-read\n" 133 " -n, -- disable host cache, short for -t none\n" 134 " -U, -- force shared permissions\n" 135 " -k, -- use kernel AIO implementation (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n" 136 " -i, -- use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n" 137 " -t, -- use the given cache mode for the image\n" 138 " -d, -- use the given discard mode for the image\n" 139 " -o, -- options to be given to the block driver" 140 "\n"); 141 } 142 143 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv); 144 145 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = { 146 .name = "open", 147 .altname = "o", 148 .cfunc = open_f, 149 .argmin = 1, 150 .argmax = -1, 151 .flags = CMD_NOFILE_OK, 152 .args = "[-rsCnkU] [-t cache] [-d discard] [-o options] [path]", 153 .oneline = "open the file specified by path", 154 .help = open_help, 155 }; 156 157 static QemuOptsList empty_opts = { 158 .name = "drive", 159 .merge_lists = true, 160 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(empty_opts.head), 161 .desc = { 162 /* no elements => accept any params */ 163 { /* end of list */ } 164 }, 165 }; 166 167 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv) 168 { 169 int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP; 170 int readonly = 0; 171 bool writethrough = true; 172 int c; 173 int ret; 174 QemuOpts *qopts; 175 QDict *opts; 176 bool force_share = false; 177 178 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snCro:ki:t:d:U")) != -1) { 179 switch (c) { 180 case 's': 181 flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT; 182 break; 183 case 'n': 184 flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE; 185 writethrough = false; 186 break; 187 case 'C': 188 flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ; 189 break; 190 case 'r': 191 readonly = 1; 192 break; 193 case 'k': 194 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO; 195 break; 196 case 't': 197 if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) { 198 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg); 199 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 200 return -EINVAL; 201 } 202 break; 203 case 'd': 204 if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) { 205 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg); 206 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 207 return -EINVAL; 208 } 209 break; 210 case 'i': 211 if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) { 212 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg); 213 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 214 return -EINVAL; 215 } 216 break; 217 case 'o': 218 if (imageOpts) { 219 printf("--image-opts and 'open -o' are mutually exclusive\n"); 220 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 221 return -EINVAL; 222 } 223 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, optarg, false)) { 224 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 225 return -EINVAL; 226 } 227 break; 228 case 'U': 229 force_share = true; 230 break; 231 default: 232 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 233 qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd); 234 return -EINVAL; 235 } 236 } 237 238 if (!readonly) { 239 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR; 240 } 241 242 if (imageOpts && (optind == argc - 1)) { 243 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, argv[optind], false)) { 244 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 245 return -EINVAL; 246 } 247 optind++; 248 } 249 250 qopts = qemu_opts_find(&empty_opts, NULL); 251 opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL; 252 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 253 254 if (optind == argc - 1) { 255 ret = openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, force_share, opts); 256 } else if (optind == argc) { 257 ret = openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts); 258 } else { 259 qobject_unref(opts); 260 qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd); 261 return -EINVAL; 262 } 263 264 if (ret) { 265 return -EINVAL; 266 } 267 268 return 0; 269 } 270 271 static int quit_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv) 272 { 273 quit_qemu_io = true; 274 return 0; 275 } 276 277 static const cmdinfo_t quit_cmd = { 278 .name = "quit", 279 .altname = "q", 280 .cfunc = quit_f, 281 .argmin = -1, 282 .argmax = -1, 283 .flags = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL, 284 .oneline = "exit the program", 285 }; 286 287 static void usage(const char *name) 288 { 289 printf( 290 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS]... [-c STRING]... [file]\n" 291 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n" 292 "\n" 293 " --object OBJECTDEF define an object such as 'secret' for\n" 294 " passwords and/or encryption keys\n" 295 " --image-opts treat file as option string\n" 296 " -c, --cmd STRING execute command with its arguments\n" 297 " from the given string\n" 298 " -f, --format FMT specifies the block driver to use\n" 299 " -r, --read-only export read-only\n" 300 " -s, --snapshot use snapshot file\n" 301 " -n, --nocache disable host cache, short for -t none\n" 302 " -C, --copy-on-read enable copy-on-read\n" 303 " -m, --misalign misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n" 304 " -k, --native-aio use kernel AIO implementation\n" 305 " (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n" 306 " -i, --aio=MODE use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n" 307 " -t, --cache=MODE use the given cache mode for the image\n" 308 " -d, --discard=MODE use the given discard mode for the image\n" 309 " -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n" 310 " specify tracing options\n" 311 " see qemu-img(1) man page for full description\n" 312 " -U, --force-share force shared permissions\n" 313 " -h, --help display this help and exit\n" 314 " -V, --version output version information and exit\n" 315 "\n" 316 "See '%s -c help' for information on available commands.\n" 317 "\n" 318 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n", 319 name, name); 320 } 321 322 static char *get_prompt(void) 323 { 324 static char prompt[FILENAME_MAX + 2 /*"> "*/ + 1 /*"\0"*/ ]; 325 326 if (!prompt[0]) { 327 snprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), "%s> ", g_get_prgname()); 328 } 329 330 return prompt; 331 } 332 333 static void G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3) readline_printf_func(void *opaque, 334 const char *fmt, ...) 335 { 336 va_list ap; 337 va_start(ap, fmt); 338 vprintf(fmt, ap); 339 va_end(ap); 340 } 341 342 static void readline_flush_func(void *opaque) 343 { 344 fflush(stdout); 345 } 346 347 static void readline_func(void *opaque, const char *str, void *readline_opaque) 348 { 349 char **line = readline_opaque; 350 *line = g_strdup(str); 351 } 352 353 static void completion_match(const char *cmd, void *opaque) 354 { 355 readline_add_completion(readline_state, cmd); 356 } 357 358 static void readline_completion_func(void *opaque, const char *str) 359 { 360 readline_set_completion_index(readline_state, strlen(str)); 361 qemuio_complete_command(str, completion_match, NULL); 362 } 363 364 static char *fetchline_readline(void) 365 { 366 char *line = NULL; 367 368 readline_start(readline_state, get_prompt(), 0, readline_func, &line); 369 while (!line) { 370 int ch = getchar(); 371 if (ttyEOF != 0x0 && ch == ttyEOF) { 372 printf("\n"); 373 break; 374 } 375 readline_handle_byte(readline_state, ch); 376 } 377 return line; 378 } 379 380 #define MAXREADLINESZ 1024 381 static char *fetchline_fgets(void) 382 { 383 char *p, *line = g_malloc(MAXREADLINESZ); 384 385 if (!fgets(line, MAXREADLINESZ, stdin)) { 386 g_free(line); 387 return NULL; 388 } 389 390 p = line + strlen(line); 391 if (p != line && p[-1] == '\n') { 392 p[-1] = '\0'; 393 } 394 395 return line; 396 } 397 398 static char *fetchline(void) 399 { 400 if (readline_state) { 401 return fetchline_readline(); 402 } else { 403 return fetchline_fgets(); 404 } 405 } 406 407 static void prep_fetchline(void *opaque) 408 { 409 int *fetchable = opaque; 410 411 qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL); 412 *fetchable= 1; 413 } 414 415 static int do_qemuio_command(const char *cmd) 416 { 417 return qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, cmd); 418 } 419 420 static int command_loop(void) 421 { 422 int i, fetchable = 0, prompted = 0; 423 int ret, last_error = 0; 424 char *input; 425 426 for (i = 0; !quit_qemu_io && i < ncmdline; i++) { 427 ret = do_qemuio_command(cmdline[i]); 428 if (ret < 0) { 429 last_error = ret; 430 } 431 } 432 if (cmdline) { 433 g_free(cmdline); 434 return last_error; 435 } 436 437 while (!quit_qemu_io) { 438 if (!prompted) { 439 printf("%s", get_prompt()); 440 fflush(stdout); 441 qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, prep_fetchline, NULL, &fetchable); 442 prompted = 1; 443 } 444 445 main_loop_wait(false); 446 447 if (!fetchable) { 448 continue; 449 } 450 451 input = fetchline(); 452 if (input == NULL) { 453 break; 454 } 455 ret = do_qemuio_command(input); 456 g_free(input); 457 458 if (ret < 0) { 459 last_error = ret; 460 } 461 462 prompted = 0; 463 fetchable = 0; 464 } 465 qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL); 466 467 return last_error; 468 } 469 470 static void add_user_command(char *user_cmd) 471 { 472 cmdline = g_renew(char *, cmdline, ++ncmdline); 473 cmdline[ncmdline - 1] = user_cmd; 474 } 475 476 static void reenable_tty_echo(void) 477 { 478 qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, true); 479 } 480 481 enum { 482 OPTION_OBJECT = 256, 483 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 257, 484 }; 485 486 static QemuOptsList file_opts = { 487 .name = "file", 488 .implied_opt_name = "file", 489 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head), 490 .desc = { 491 /* no elements => accept any params */ 492 { /* end of list */ } 493 }, 494 }; 495 496 int main(int argc, char **argv) 497 { 498 int readonly = 0; 499 const char *sopt = "hVc:d:f:rsnCmki:t:T:U"; 500 const struct option lopt[] = { 501 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' }, 502 { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' }, 503 { "cmd", required_argument, NULL, 'c' }, 504 { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' }, 505 { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' }, 506 { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' }, 507 { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' }, 508 { "copy-on-read", no_argument, NULL, 'C' }, 509 { "misalign", no_argument, NULL, 'm' }, 510 { "native-aio", no_argument, NULL, 'k' }, 511 { "aio", required_argument, NULL, 'i' }, 512 { "discard", required_argument, NULL, 'd' }, 513 { "cache", required_argument, NULL, 't' }, 514 { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' }, 515 { "object", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_OBJECT }, 516 { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS }, 517 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'}, 518 { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 } 519 }; 520 int c; 521 int opt_index = 0; 522 int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP; 523 int ret; 524 bool writethrough = true; 525 QDict *opts = NULL; 526 const char *format = NULL; 527 bool force_share = false; 528 529 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX 530 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); 531 #endif 532 533 socket_init(); 534 error_init(argv[0]); 535 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE); 536 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]); 537 538 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal); 539 540 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM); 541 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts); 542 bdrv_init(); 543 544 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) { 545 switch (c) { 546 case 's': 547 flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT; 548 break; 549 case 'n': 550 flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE; 551 writethrough = false; 552 break; 553 case 'C': 554 flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ; 555 break; 556 case 'd': 557 if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) { 558 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg); 559 exit(1); 560 } 561 break; 562 case 'f': 563 format = optarg; 564 break; 565 case 'c': 566 add_user_command(optarg); 567 break; 568 case 'r': 569 readonly = 1; 570 break; 571 case 'm': 572 qemuio_misalign = true; 573 break; 574 case 'k': 575 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO; 576 break; 577 case 'i': 578 if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) { 579 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg); 580 exit(1); 581 } 582 break; 583 case 't': 584 if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) { 585 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg); 586 exit(1); 587 } 588 break; 589 case 'T': 590 trace_opt_parse(optarg); 591 break; 592 case 'V': 593 printf("%s version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n" 594 QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n", g_get_prgname()); 595 exit(0); 596 case 'h': 597 usage(g_get_prgname()); 598 exit(0); 599 case 'U': 600 force_share = true; 601 break; 602 case OPTION_OBJECT: 603 user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg); 604 break; 605 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS: 606 imageOpts = true; 607 break; 608 default: 609 usage(g_get_prgname()); 610 exit(1); 611 } 612 } 613 614 if ((argc - optind) > 1) { 615 usage(g_get_prgname()); 616 exit(1); 617 } 618 619 if (format && imageOpts) { 620 error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive"); 621 exit(1); 622 } 623 624 qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal); 625 626 if (!trace_init_backends()) { 627 exit(1); 628 } 629 trace_init_file(); 630 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE, &error_fatal); 631 632 /* initialize commands */ 633 qemuio_add_command(&quit_cmd); 634 qemuio_add_command(&open_cmd); 635 qemuio_add_command(&close_cmd); 636 637 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) { 638 ttyEOF = get_eof_char(); 639 readline_state = readline_init(readline_printf_func, 640 readline_flush_func, 641 NULL, 642 readline_completion_func); 643 qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, false); 644 atexit(reenable_tty_echo); 645 } 646 647 /* open the device */ 648 if (!readonly) { 649 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR; 650 } 651 652 if ((argc - optind) == 1) { 653 if (imageOpts) { 654 QemuOpts *qopts = NULL; 655 qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, argv[optind], false); 656 if (!qopts) { 657 exit(1); 658 } 659 opts = qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL); 660 if (openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts)) { 661 exit(1); 662 } 663 } else { 664 if (format) { 665 opts = qdict_new(); 666 qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", format); 667 } 668 if (openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, 669 force_share, opts)) { 670 exit(1); 671 } 672 } 673 } 674 ret = command_loop(); 675 676 /* 677 * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits. 678 */ 679 bdrv_drain_all(); 680 681 blk_unref(qemuio_blk); 682 g_free(readline_state); 683 684 if (ret < 0) { 685 return 1; 686 } else { 687 return 0; 688 } 689 } 690