1 /* 2 * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path. 3 * 4 * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc. 5 * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc. 6 * 7 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later. 8 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory. 9 */ 10 11 #include "qemu/osdep.h" 12 #include <getopt.h> 13 #include <libgen.h> 14 #ifndef _WIN32 15 #include <termios.h> 16 #endif 17 18 #include "qemu-common.h" 19 #include "qapi/error.h" 20 #include "qemu-io.h" 21 #include "qemu/error-report.h" 22 #include "qemu/main-loop.h" 23 #include "qemu/module.h" 24 #include "qemu/option.h" 25 #include "qemu/config-file.h" 26 #include "qemu/readline.h" 27 #include "qemu/log.h" 28 #include "qemu/sockets.h" 29 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h" 30 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h" 31 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h" 32 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h" 33 #include "block/block_int.h" 34 #include "trace/control.h" 35 #include "crypto/init.h" 36 #include "qemu-version.h" 37 38 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK 0x01 39 40 static BlockBackend *qemuio_blk; 41 static bool quit_qemu_io; 42 43 /* qemu-io commands passed using -c */ 44 static int ncmdline; 45 static char **cmdline; 46 static bool imageOpts; 47 48 static ReadLineState *readline_state; 49 50 static int ttyEOF; 51 52 static int get_eof_char(void) 53 { 54 #ifdef _WIN32 55 return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */ 56 #else 57 struct termios tty; 58 if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty) != 0) { 59 if (errno == ENOTTY) { 60 return 0x0; /* just expect read() == 0 */ 61 } else { 62 return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */ 63 } 64 } 65 66 return tty.c_cc[VEOF]; 67 #endif 68 } 69 70 static int close_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv) 71 { 72 blk_unref(qemuio_blk); 73 qemuio_blk = NULL; 74 return 0; 75 } 76 77 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = { 78 .name = "close", 79 .altname = "c", 80 .cfunc = close_f, 81 .oneline = "close the current open file", 82 }; 83 84 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, bool writethrough, bool force_share, 85 QDict *opts) 86 { 87 Error *local_err = NULL; 88 89 if (qemuio_blk) { 90 error_report("file open already, try 'help close'"); 91 qobject_unref(opts); 92 return 1; 93 } 94 95 if (force_share) { 96 if (!opts) { 97 opts = qdict_new(); 98 } 99 if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE) 100 && strcmp(qdict_get_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) { 101 error_report("-U conflicts with image options"); 102 qobject_unref(opts); 103 return 1; 104 } 105 qdict_put_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on"); 106 } 107 qemuio_blk = blk_new_open(name, NULL, opts, flags, &local_err); 108 if (!qemuio_blk) { 109 error_reportf_err(local_err, "can't open%s%s: ", 110 name ? " device " : "", name ?: ""); 111 return 1; 112 } 113 114 blk_set_enable_write_cache(qemuio_blk, !writethrough); 115 116 return 0; 117 } 118 119 static void open_help(void) 120 { 121 printf( 122 "\n" 123 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n" 124 "\n" 125 " Example:\n" 126 " 'open -n -o driver=raw /tmp/data' - opens raw data file read-write, uncached\n" 127 "\n" 128 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n" 129 " -r, -- open file read-only\n" 130 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n" 131 " -C, -- use copy-on-read\n" 132 " -n, -- disable host cache, short for -t none\n" 133 " -U, -- force shared permissions\n" 134 " -k, -- use kernel AIO implementation (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n" 135 " -i, -- use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n" 136 " -t, -- use the given cache mode for the image\n" 137 " -d, -- use the given discard mode for the image\n" 138 " -o, -- options to be given to the block driver" 139 "\n"); 140 } 141 142 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv); 143 144 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = { 145 .name = "open", 146 .altname = "o", 147 .cfunc = open_f, 148 .argmin = 1, 149 .argmax = -1, 150 .flags = CMD_NOFILE_OK, 151 .args = "[-rsCnkU] [-t cache] [-d discard] [-o options] [path]", 152 .oneline = "open the file specified by path", 153 .help = open_help, 154 }; 155 156 static QemuOptsList empty_opts = { 157 .name = "drive", 158 .merge_lists = true, 159 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(empty_opts.head), 160 .desc = { 161 /* no elements => accept any params */ 162 { /* end of list */ } 163 }, 164 }; 165 166 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv) 167 { 168 int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP; 169 int readonly = 0; 170 bool writethrough = true; 171 int c; 172 int ret; 173 QemuOpts *qopts; 174 QDict *opts; 175 bool force_share = false; 176 177 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snCro:ki:t:d:U")) != -1) { 178 switch (c) { 179 case 's': 180 flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT; 181 break; 182 case 'n': 183 flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE; 184 writethrough = false; 185 break; 186 case 'C': 187 flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ; 188 break; 189 case 'r': 190 readonly = 1; 191 break; 192 case 'k': 193 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO; 194 break; 195 case 't': 196 if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) { 197 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg); 198 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 199 return -EINVAL; 200 } 201 break; 202 case 'd': 203 if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) { 204 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg); 205 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 206 return -EINVAL; 207 } 208 break; 209 case 'i': 210 if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) { 211 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg); 212 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 213 return -EINVAL; 214 } 215 break; 216 case 'o': 217 if (imageOpts) { 218 printf("--image-opts and 'open -o' are mutually exclusive\n"); 219 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 220 return -EINVAL; 221 } 222 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, optarg, false)) { 223 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 224 return -EINVAL; 225 } 226 break; 227 case 'U': 228 force_share = true; 229 break; 230 default: 231 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 232 qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd); 233 return -EINVAL; 234 } 235 } 236 237 if (!readonly) { 238 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR; 239 } 240 241 if (imageOpts && (optind == argc - 1)) { 242 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, argv[optind], false)) { 243 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 244 return -EINVAL; 245 } 246 optind++; 247 } 248 249 qopts = qemu_opts_find(&empty_opts, NULL); 250 opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL; 251 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts); 252 253 if (optind == argc - 1) { 254 ret = openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, force_share, opts); 255 } else if (optind == argc) { 256 ret = openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts); 257 } else { 258 qobject_unref(opts); 259 qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd); 260 return -EINVAL; 261 } 262 263 if (ret) { 264 return -EINVAL; 265 } 266 267 return 0; 268 } 269 270 static int quit_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv) 271 { 272 quit_qemu_io = true; 273 return 0; 274 } 275 276 static const cmdinfo_t quit_cmd = { 277 .name = "quit", 278 .altname = "q", 279 .cfunc = quit_f, 280 .argmin = -1, 281 .argmax = -1, 282 .flags = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL, 283 .oneline = "exit the program", 284 }; 285 286 static void usage(const char *name) 287 { 288 printf( 289 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS]... [-c STRING]... [file]\n" 290 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n" 291 "\n" 292 " --object OBJECTDEF define an object such as 'secret' for\n" 293 " passwords and/or encryption keys\n" 294 " --image-opts treat file as option string\n" 295 " -c, --cmd STRING execute command with its arguments\n" 296 " from the given string\n" 297 " -f, --format FMT specifies the block driver to use\n" 298 " -r, --read-only export read-only\n" 299 " -s, --snapshot use snapshot file\n" 300 " -n, --nocache disable host cache, short for -t none\n" 301 " -C, --copy-on-read enable copy-on-read\n" 302 " -m, --misalign misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n" 303 " -k, --native-aio use kernel AIO implementation\n" 304 " (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n" 305 " -i, --aio=MODE use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n" 306 " -t, --cache=MODE use the given cache mode for the image\n" 307 " -d, --discard=MODE use the given discard mode for the image\n" 308 " -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n" 309 " specify tracing options\n" 310 " see qemu-img(1) man page for full description\n" 311 " -U, --force-share force shared permissions\n" 312 " -h, --help display this help and exit\n" 313 " -V, --version output version information and exit\n" 314 "\n" 315 "See '%s -c help' for information on available commands.\n" 316 "\n" 317 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n", 318 name, name); 319 } 320 321 static char *get_prompt(void) 322 { 323 static char prompt[FILENAME_MAX + 2 /*"> "*/ + 1 /*"\0"*/ ]; 324 325 if (!prompt[0]) { 326 snprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), "%s> ", error_get_progname()); 327 } 328 329 return prompt; 330 } 331 332 static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) readline_printf_func(void *opaque, 333 const char *fmt, ...) 334 { 335 va_list ap; 336 va_start(ap, fmt); 337 vprintf(fmt, ap); 338 va_end(ap); 339 } 340 341 static void readline_flush_func(void *opaque) 342 { 343 fflush(stdout); 344 } 345 346 static void readline_func(void *opaque, const char *str, void *readline_opaque) 347 { 348 char **line = readline_opaque; 349 *line = g_strdup(str); 350 } 351 352 static void completion_match(const char *cmd, void *opaque) 353 { 354 readline_add_completion(readline_state, cmd); 355 } 356 357 static void readline_completion_func(void *opaque, const char *str) 358 { 359 readline_set_completion_index(readline_state, strlen(str)); 360 qemuio_complete_command(str, completion_match, NULL); 361 } 362 363 static char *fetchline_readline(void) 364 { 365 char *line = NULL; 366 367 readline_start(readline_state, get_prompt(), 0, readline_func, &line); 368 while (!line) { 369 int ch = getchar(); 370 if (ttyEOF != 0x0 && ch == ttyEOF) { 371 printf("\n"); 372 break; 373 } 374 readline_handle_byte(readline_state, ch); 375 } 376 return line; 377 } 378 379 #define MAXREADLINESZ 1024 380 static char *fetchline_fgets(void) 381 { 382 char *p, *line = g_malloc(MAXREADLINESZ); 383 384 if (!fgets(line, MAXREADLINESZ, stdin)) { 385 g_free(line); 386 return NULL; 387 } 388 389 p = line + strlen(line); 390 if (p != line && p[-1] == '\n') { 391 p[-1] = '\0'; 392 } 393 394 return line; 395 } 396 397 static char *fetchline(void) 398 { 399 if (readline_state) { 400 return fetchline_readline(); 401 } else { 402 return fetchline_fgets(); 403 } 404 } 405 406 static void prep_fetchline(void *opaque) 407 { 408 int *fetchable = opaque; 409 410 qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL); 411 *fetchable= 1; 412 } 413 414 static int command_loop(void) 415 { 416 int i, fetchable = 0, prompted = 0; 417 int ret, last_error = 0; 418 char *input; 419 420 for (i = 0; !quit_qemu_io && i < ncmdline; i++) { 421 ret = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, cmdline[i]); 422 if (ret < 0) { 423 last_error = ret; 424 } 425 } 426 if (cmdline) { 427 g_free(cmdline); 428 return last_error; 429 } 430 431 while (!quit_qemu_io) { 432 if (!prompted) { 433 printf("%s", get_prompt()); 434 fflush(stdout); 435 qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, prep_fetchline, NULL, &fetchable); 436 prompted = 1; 437 } 438 439 main_loop_wait(false); 440 441 if (!fetchable) { 442 continue; 443 } 444 445 input = fetchline(); 446 if (input == NULL) { 447 break; 448 } 449 ret = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, input); 450 g_free(input); 451 452 if (ret < 0) { 453 last_error = ret; 454 } 455 456 prompted = 0; 457 fetchable = 0; 458 } 459 qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL); 460 461 return last_error; 462 } 463 464 static void add_user_command(char *optarg) 465 { 466 cmdline = g_renew(char *, cmdline, ++ncmdline); 467 cmdline[ncmdline-1] = optarg; 468 } 469 470 static void reenable_tty_echo(void) 471 { 472 qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, true); 473 } 474 475 enum { 476 OPTION_OBJECT = 256, 477 OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 257, 478 }; 479 480 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = { 481 .name = "object", 482 .implied_opt_name = "qom-type", 483 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head), 484 .desc = { 485 { } 486 }, 487 }; 488 489 static bool qemu_io_object_print_help(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts) 490 { 491 if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) { 492 exit(0); 493 } 494 return true; 495 } 496 497 static QemuOptsList file_opts = { 498 .name = "file", 499 .implied_opt_name = "file", 500 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head), 501 .desc = { 502 /* no elements => accept any params */ 503 { /* end of list */ } 504 }, 505 }; 506 507 int main(int argc, char **argv) 508 { 509 int readonly = 0; 510 const char *sopt = "hVc:d:f:rsnCmki:t:T:U"; 511 const struct option lopt[] = { 512 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' }, 513 { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' }, 514 { "cmd", required_argument, NULL, 'c' }, 515 { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' }, 516 { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' }, 517 { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' }, 518 { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' }, 519 { "copy-on-read", no_argument, NULL, 'C' }, 520 { "misalign", no_argument, NULL, 'm' }, 521 { "native-aio", no_argument, NULL, 'k' }, 522 { "aio", required_argument, NULL, 'i' }, 523 { "discard", required_argument, NULL, 'd' }, 524 { "cache", required_argument, NULL, 't' }, 525 { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' }, 526 { "object", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_OBJECT }, 527 { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS }, 528 { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'}, 529 { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 } 530 }; 531 int c; 532 int opt_index = 0; 533 int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP; 534 int ret; 535 bool writethrough = true; 536 Error *local_error = NULL; 537 QDict *opts = NULL; 538 const char *format = NULL; 539 char *trace_file = NULL; 540 bool force_share = false; 541 542 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX 543 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); 544 #endif 545 546 socket_init(); 547 error_init(argv[0]); 548 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE); 549 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]); 550 551 qcrypto_init(&error_fatal); 552 553 module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM); 554 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts); 555 qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts); 556 bdrv_init(); 557 558 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) { 559 switch (c) { 560 case 's': 561 flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT; 562 break; 563 case 'n': 564 flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE; 565 writethrough = false; 566 break; 567 case 'C': 568 flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ; 569 break; 570 case 'd': 571 if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) { 572 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg); 573 exit(1); 574 } 575 break; 576 case 'f': 577 format = optarg; 578 break; 579 case 'c': 580 add_user_command(optarg); 581 break; 582 case 'r': 583 readonly = 1; 584 break; 585 case 'm': 586 qemuio_misalign = true; 587 break; 588 case 'k': 589 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO; 590 break; 591 case 'i': 592 if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) { 593 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg); 594 exit(1); 595 } 596 break; 597 case 't': 598 if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) { 599 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg); 600 exit(1); 601 } 602 break; 603 case 'T': 604 g_free(trace_file); 605 trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg); 606 break; 607 case 'V': 608 printf("%s version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n" 609 QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n", error_get_progname()); 610 exit(0); 611 case 'h': 612 usage(error_get_progname()); 613 exit(0); 614 case 'U': 615 force_share = true; 616 break; 617 case OPTION_OBJECT: { 618 QemuOpts *qopts; 619 qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, 620 optarg, true); 621 if (!qopts) { 622 exit(1); 623 } 624 } break; 625 case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS: 626 imageOpts = true; 627 break; 628 default: 629 usage(error_get_progname()); 630 exit(1); 631 } 632 } 633 634 if ((argc - optind) > 1) { 635 usage(error_get_progname()); 636 exit(1); 637 } 638 639 if (format && imageOpts) { 640 error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive"); 641 exit(1); 642 } 643 644 if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) { 645 error_report_err(local_error); 646 exit(1); 647 } 648 649 qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts, 650 user_creatable_add_opts_foreach, 651 qemu_io_object_print_help, &error_fatal); 652 653 if (!trace_init_backends()) { 654 exit(1); 655 } 656 trace_init_file(trace_file); 657 qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE); 658 659 /* initialize commands */ 660 qemuio_add_command(&quit_cmd); 661 qemuio_add_command(&open_cmd); 662 qemuio_add_command(&close_cmd); 663 664 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) { 665 ttyEOF = get_eof_char(); 666 readline_state = readline_init(readline_printf_func, 667 readline_flush_func, 668 NULL, 669 readline_completion_func); 670 qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, false); 671 atexit(reenable_tty_echo); 672 } 673 674 /* open the device */ 675 if (!readonly) { 676 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR; 677 } 678 679 if ((argc - optind) == 1) { 680 if (imageOpts) { 681 QemuOpts *qopts = NULL; 682 qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, argv[optind], false); 683 if (!qopts) { 684 exit(1); 685 } 686 opts = qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL); 687 if (openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts)) { 688 exit(1); 689 } 690 } else { 691 if (format) { 692 opts = qdict_new(); 693 qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", format); 694 } 695 if (openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, 696 force_share, opts)) { 697 exit(1); 698 } 699 } 700 } 701 ret = command_loop(); 702 703 /* 704 * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits. 705 */ 706 bdrv_drain_all(); 707 708 blk_unref(qemuio_blk); 709 g_free(readline_state); 710 711 if (ret < 0) { 712 return 1; 713 } else { 714 return 0; 715 } 716 } 717