xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-io.c (revision 2ae2bce7)
1 /*
2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
6  *
7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
9  */
10 #include <sys/time.h>
11 #include <sys/types.h>
12 #include <stdarg.h>
13 #include <stdio.h>
14 #include <getopt.h>
15 #include <libgen.h>
16 
17 #include "qemu-common.h"
18 #include "block_int.h"
19 #include "cmd.h"
20 
21 #define VERSION	"0.0.1"
22 
23 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
24 
25 char *progname;
26 static BlockDriverState *bs;
27 
28 static int misalign;
29 
30 /*
31  * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
32  *
33  * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
34  * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
35  */
36 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
37 {
38     char *endptr = NULL;
39     long pattern;
40 
41     pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
42     if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
43         printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
44         return -1;
45     }
46 
47     return pattern;
48 }
49 
50 /*
51  * Memory allocation helpers.
52  *
53  * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
54  * that is specified on the command line.
55  */
56 
57 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16
58 static void *qemu_io_alloc(size_t len, int pattern)
59 {
60     void *buf;
61 
62     if (misalign) {
63         len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
64     }
65     buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, len);
66     memset(buf, pattern, len);
67     if (misalign) {
68         buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
69     }
70     return buf;
71 }
72 
73 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
74 {
75     if (misalign) {
76         p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
77     }
78     qemu_vfree(p);
79 }
80 
81 static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int len)
82 {
83     int i, j;
84     const uint8_t *p;
85 
86     for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
87         const uint8_t *s = p;
88 
89         printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);
90         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
91             printf("%02x ", *p);
92         }
93         printf(" ");
94         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
95             if (isalnum(*s)) {
96                 printf("%c", *s);
97             } else {
98                 printf(".");
99             }
100         }
101         printf("\n");
102     }
103 }
104 
105 static void print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,
106                          int count, int total, int cnt, int Cflag)
107 {
108     char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
109 
110     timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
111     if (!Cflag) {
112         cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
113         cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
114         printf("%s %d/%d bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
115                op, total, count, offset);
116         printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
117                s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
118     } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
119         printf("%d,%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
120             total, cnt, ts,
121             tdiv((double)total, *t),
122             tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
123     }
124 }
125 
126 /*
127  * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
128  * vector matching it.
129  */
130 static void *
131 create_iovec(QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov, int pattern)
132 {
133     size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
134     size_t count = 0;
135     void *buf = NULL;
136     void *p;
137     int i;
138 
139     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
140         char *arg = argv[i];
141         int64_t len;
142 
143         len = cvtnum(arg);
144         if (len < 0) {
145             printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", arg);
146             goto fail;
147         }
148 
149         /* should be SIZE_T_MAX, but that doesn't exist */
150         if (len > INT_MAX) {
151             printf("too large length argument -- %s\n", arg);
152             goto fail;
153         }
154 
155         if (len & 0x1ff) {
156             printf("length argument %" PRId64
157                    " is not sector aligned\n", len);
158             goto fail;
159         }
160 
161         sizes[i] = len;
162         count += len;
163     }
164 
165     qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
166 
167     buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(count, pattern);
168 
169     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
170         qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
171         p += sizes[i];
172     }
173 
174 fail:
175     g_free(sizes);
176     return buf;
177 }
178 
179 static int do_read(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
180 {
181     int ret;
182 
183     ret = bdrv_read(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
184     if (ret < 0) {
185         return ret;
186     }
187     *total = count;
188     return 1;
189 }
190 
191 static int do_write(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
192 {
193     int ret;
194 
195     ret = bdrv_write(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
196     if (ret < 0) {
197         return ret;
198     }
199     *total = count;
200     return 1;
201 }
202 
203 static int do_pread(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
204 {
205     *total = bdrv_pread(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
206     if (*total < 0) {
207         return *total;
208     }
209     return 1;
210 }
211 
212 static int do_pwrite(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
213 {
214     *total = bdrv_pwrite(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
215     if (*total < 0) {
216         return *total;
217     }
218     return 1;
219 }
220 
221 typedef struct {
222     int64_t offset;
223     int count;
224     int *total;
225     int ret;
226     bool done;
227 } CoWriteZeroes;
228 
229 static void coroutine_fn co_write_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)
230 {
231     CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;
232 
233     data->ret = bdrv_co_write_zeroes(bs, data->offset / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
234                                      data->count / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
235     data->done = true;
236     if (data->ret < 0) {
237         *data->total = data->ret;
238         return;
239     }
240 
241     *data->total = data->count;
242 }
243 
244 static int do_co_write_zeroes(int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
245 {
246     Coroutine *co;
247     CoWriteZeroes data = {
248         .offset = offset,
249         .count  = count,
250         .total  = total,
251         .done   = false,
252     };
253 
254     co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_write_zeroes_entry);
255     qemu_coroutine_enter(co, &data);
256     while (!data.done) {
257         qemu_aio_wait();
258     }
259     if (data.ret < 0) {
260         return data.ret;
261     } else {
262         return 1;
263     }
264 }
265 
266 static int do_load_vmstate(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
267 {
268     *total = bdrv_load_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
269     if (*total < 0) {
270         return *total;
271     }
272     return 1;
273 }
274 
275 static int do_save_vmstate(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
276 {
277     *total = bdrv_save_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
278     if (*total < 0) {
279         return *total;
280     }
281     return 1;
282 }
283 
284 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
285 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
286 {
287     *(int *)opaque = ret;
288 }
289 
290 static int do_aio_readv(QEMUIOVector *qiov, int64_t offset, int *total)
291 {
292     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
293 
294     bdrv_aio_readv(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
295                    aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
296     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
297         qemu_aio_wait();
298     }
299 
300     *total = qiov->size;
301     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
302 }
303 
304 static int do_aio_writev(QEMUIOVector *qiov, int64_t offset, int *total)
305 {
306     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
307 
308     bdrv_aio_writev(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
309                     aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
310     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
311         qemu_aio_wait();
312     }
313 
314     *total = qiov->size;
315     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
316 }
317 
318 struct multiwrite_async_ret {
319     int num_done;
320     int error;
321 };
322 
323 static void multiwrite_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
324 {
325     struct multiwrite_async_ret *async_ret = opaque;
326 
327     async_ret->num_done++;
328     if (ret < 0) {
329         async_ret->error = ret;
330     }
331 }
332 
333 static int do_aio_multiwrite(BlockRequest* reqs, int num_reqs, int *total)
334 {
335     int i, ret;
336     struct multiwrite_async_ret async_ret = {
337         .num_done = 0,
338         .error = 0,
339     };
340 
341     *total = 0;
342     for (i = 0; i < num_reqs; i++) {
343         reqs[i].cb = multiwrite_cb;
344         reqs[i].opaque = &async_ret;
345         *total += reqs[i].qiov->size;
346     }
347 
348     ret = bdrv_aio_multiwrite(bs, reqs, num_reqs);
349     if (ret < 0) {
350         return ret;
351     }
352 
353     while (async_ret.num_done < num_reqs) {
354         qemu_aio_wait();
355     }
356 
357     return async_ret.error < 0 ? async_ret.error : 1;
358 }
359 
360 static void read_help(void)
361 {
362     printf(
363 "\n"
364 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
365 "\n"
366 " Example:\n"
367 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
368 "\n"
369 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
370 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
371 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
372 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
373 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
374 " -p, -- use bdrv_pread to read the file\n"
375 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
376 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
377 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
378 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
379 "\n");
380 }
381 
382 static int read_f(int argc, char **argv);
383 
384 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
385     .name       = "read",
386     .altname    = "r",
387     .cfunc      = read_f,
388     .argmin     = 2,
389     .argmax     = -1,
390     .args       = "[-abCpqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
391     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
392     .help       = read_help,
393 };
394 
395 static int read_f(int argc, char **argv)
396 {
397     struct timeval t1, t2;
398     int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
399     int Pflag = 0, sflag = 0, lflag = 0, bflag = 0;
400     int c, cnt;
401     char *buf;
402     int64_t offset;
403     int count;
404     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
405     int total = 0;
406     int pattern = 0, pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
407 
408     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != EOF) {
409         switch (c) {
410         case 'b':
411             bflag = 1;
412             break;
413         case 'C':
414             Cflag = 1;
415             break;
416         case 'l':
417             lflag = 1;
418             pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
419             if (pattern_count < 0) {
420                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
421                 return 0;
422             }
423             break;
424         case 'p':
425             pflag = 1;
426             break;
427         case 'P':
428             Pflag = 1;
429             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
430             if (pattern < 0) {
431                 return 0;
432             }
433             break;
434         case 'q':
435             qflag = 1;
436             break;
437         case 's':
438             sflag = 1;
439             pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
440             if (pattern_offset < 0) {
441                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
442                 return 0;
443             }
444             break;
445         case 'v':
446             vflag = 1;
447             break;
448         default:
449             return command_usage(&read_cmd);
450         }
451     }
452 
453     if (optind != argc - 2) {
454         return command_usage(&read_cmd);
455     }
456 
457     if (bflag && pflag) {
458         printf("-b and -p cannot be specified at the same time\n");
459         return 0;
460     }
461 
462     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
463     if (offset < 0) {
464         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
465         return 0;
466     }
467 
468     optind++;
469     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
470     if (count < 0) {
471         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
472         return 0;
473     }
474 
475     if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
476         return command_usage(&read_cmd);
477     }
478 
479     if (!lflag) {
480         pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
481     }
482 
483     if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
484         printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
485         return 0;
486     }
487 
488     if (!pflag) {
489         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
490             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
491                    offset);
492             return 0;
493         }
494         if (count & 0x1ff) {
495             printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
496                    count);
497             return 0;
498         }
499     }
500 
501     buf = qemu_io_alloc(count, 0xab);
502 
503     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
504     if (pflag) {
505         cnt = do_pread(buf, offset, count, &total);
506     } else if (bflag) {
507         cnt = do_load_vmstate(buf, offset, count, &total);
508     } else {
509         cnt = do_read(buf, offset, count, &total);
510     }
511     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
512 
513     if (cnt < 0) {
514         printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
515         goto out;
516     }
517 
518     if (Pflag) {
519         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
520         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
521         if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
522             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
523                    PRId64 ", %d bytes\n",
524                    offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
525         }
526         g_free(cmp_buf);
527     }
528 
529     if (qflag) {
530         goto out;
531     }
532 
533     if (vflag) {
534         dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
535     }
536 
537     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
538     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
539     print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
540 
541 out:
542     qemu_io_free(buf);
543 
544     return 0;
545 }
546 
547 static void readv_help(void)
548 {
549     printf(
550 "\n"
551 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
552 "\n"
553 " Example:\n"
554 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
555 "\n"
556 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
557 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
558 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
559 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
560 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
561 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
562 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
563 "\n");
564 }
565 
566 static int readv_f(int argc, char **argv);
567 
568 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
569     .name       = "readv",
570     .cfunc      = readv_f,
571     .argmin     = 2,
572     .argmax     = -1,
573     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
574     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
575     .help       = readv_help,
576 };
577 
578 static int readv_f(int argc, char **argv)
579 {
580     struct timeval t1, t2;
581     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
582     int c, cnt;
583     char *buf;
584     int64_t offset;
585     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
586     int total = 0;
587     int nr_iov;
588     QEMUIOVector qiov;
589     int pattern = 0;
590     int Pflag = 0;
591 
592     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
593         switch (c) {
594         case 'C':
595             Cflag = 1;
596             break;
597         case 'P':
598             Pflag = 1;
599             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
600             if (pattern < 0) {
601                 return 0;
602             }
603             break;
604         case 'q':
605             qflag = 1;
606             break;
607         case 'v':
608             vflag = 1;
609             break;
610         default:
611             return command_usage(&readv_cmd);
612         }
613     }
614 
615     if (optind > argc - 2) {
616         return command_usage(&readv_cmd);
617     }
618 
619 
620     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
621     if (offset < 0) {
622         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
623         return 0;
624     }
625     optind++;
626 
627     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
628         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
629                offset);
630         return 0;
631     }
632 
633     nr_iov = argc - optind;
634     buf = create_iovec(&qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
635     if (buf == NULL) {
636         return 0;
637     }
638 
639     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
640     cnt = do_aio_readv(&qiov, offset, &total);
641     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
642 
643     if (cnt < 0) {
644         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
645         goto out;
646     }
647 
648     if (Pflag) {
649         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
650         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
651         if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
652             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
653                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
654         }
655         g_free(cmp_buf);
656     }
657 
658     if (qflag) {
659         goto out;
660     }
661 
662     if (vflag) {
663         dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
664     }
665 
666     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
667     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
668     print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
669 
670 out:
671     qemu_io_free(buf);
672     return 0;
673 }
674 
675 static void write_help(void)
676 {
677     printf(
678 "\n"
679 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
680 "\n"
681 " Example:\n"
682 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
683 "\n"
684 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
685 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
686 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
687 " -p, -- use bdrv_pwrite to write the file\n"
688 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
689 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
690 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
691 " -z, -- write zeroes using bdrv_co_write_zeroes\n"
692 "\n");
693 }
694 
695 static int write_f(int argc, char **argv);
696 
697 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
698     .name       = "write",
699     .altname    = "w",
700     .cfunc      = write_f,
701     .argmin     = 2,
702     .argmax     = -1,
703     .args       = "[-bCpqz] [-P pattern ] off len",
704     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
705     .help       = write_help,
706 };
707 
708 static int write_f(int argc, char **argv)
709 {
710     struct timeval t1, t2;
711     int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, bflag = 0, Pflag = 0, zflag = 0;
712     int c, cnt;
713     char *buf = NULL;
714     int64_t offset;
715     int count;
716     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
717     int total = 0;
718     int pattern = 0xcd;
719 
720     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCpP:qz")) != EOF) {
721         switch (c) {
722         case 'b':
723             bflag = 1;
724             break;
725         case 'C':
726             Cflag = 1;
727             break;
728         case 'p':
729             pflag = 1;
730             break;
731         case 'P':
732             Pflag = 1;
733             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
734             if (pattern < 0) {
735                 return 0;
736             }
737             break;
738         case 'q':
739             qflag = 1;
740             break;
741         case 'z':
742             zflag = 1;
743             break;
744         default:
745             return command_usage(&write_cmd);
746         }
747     }
748 
749     if (optind != argc - 2) {
750         return command_usage(&write_cmd);
751     }
752 
753     if (bflag + pflag + zflag > 1) {
754         printf("-b, -p, or -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
755         return 0;
756     }
757 
758     if (zflag && Pflag) {
759         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
760         return 0;
761     }
762 
763     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
764     if (offset < 0) {
765         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
766         return 0;
767     }
768 
769     optind++;
770     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
771     if (count < 0) {
772         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
773         return 0;
774     }
775 
776     if (!pflag) {
777         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
778             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
779                    offset);
780             return 0;
781         }
782 
783         if (count & 0x1ff) {
784             printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
785                    count);
786             return 0;
787         }
788     }
789 
790     if (!zflag) {
791         buf = qemu_io_alloc(count, pattern);
792     }
793 
794     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
795     if (pflag) {
796         cnt = do_pwrite(buf, offset, count, &total);
797     } else if (bflag) {
798         cnt = do_save_vmstate(buf, offset, count, &total);
799     } else if (zflag) {
800         cnt = do_co_write_zeroes(offset, count, &total);
801     } else {
802         cnt = do_write(buf, offset, count, &total);
803     }
804     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
805 
806     if (cnt < 0) {
807         printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
808         goto out;
809     }
810 
811     if (qflag) {
812         goto out;
813     }
814 
815     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
816     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
817     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
818 
819 out:
820     if (!zflag) {
821         qemu_io_free(buf);
822     }
823 
824     return 0;
825 }
826 
827 static void
828 writev_help(void)
829 {
830     printf(
831 "\n"
832 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
833 "\n"
834 " Example:\n"
835 " 'write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
836 "\n"
837 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
838 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
839 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
840 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
841 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
842 "\n");
843 }
844 
845 static int writev_f(int argc, char **argv);
846 
847 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
848     .name       = "writev",
849     .cfunc      = writev_f,
850     .argmin     = 2,
851     .argmax     = -1,
852     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
853     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
854     .help       = writev_help,
855 };
856 
857 static int writev_f(int argc, char **argv)
858 {
859     struct timeval t1, t2;
860     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
861     int c, cnt;
862     char *buf;
863     int64_t offset;
864     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
865     int total = 0;
866     int nr_iov;
867     int pattern = 0xcd;
868     QEMUIOVector qiov;
869 
870     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
871         switch (c) {
872         case 'C':
873             Cflag = 1;
874             break;
875         case 'q':
876             qflag = 1;
877             break;
878         case 'P':
879             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
880             if (pattern < 0) {
881                 return 0;
882             }
883             break;
884         default:
885             return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
886         }
887     }
888 
889     if (optind > argc - 2) {
890         return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
891     }
892 
893     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
894     if (offset < 0) {
895         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
896         return 0;
897     }
898     optind++;
899 
900     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
901         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
902                offset);
903         return 0;
904     }
905 
906     nr_iov = argc - optind;
907     buf = create_iovec(&qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
908     if (buf == NULL) {
909         return 0;
910     }
911 
912     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
913     cnt = do_aio_writev(&qiov, offset, &total);
914     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
915 
916     if (cnt < 0) {
917         printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
918         goto out;
919     }
920 
921     if (qflag) {
922         goto out;
923     }
924 
925     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
926     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
927     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
928 out:
929     qemu_io_free(buf);
930     return 0;
931 }
932 
933 static void multiwrite_help(void)
934 {
935     printf(
936 "\n"
937 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers,\n"
938 " in a batch of requests that may be merged by qemu\n"
939 "\n"
940 " Example:\n"
941 " 'multiwrite 512 1k 1k ; 4k 1k'\n"
942 "  writes 2 kB at 512 bytes and 1 kB at 4 kB into the open file\n"
943 "\n"
944 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
945 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd). The pattern byte is increased\n"
946 " by one for each request contained in the multiwrite command.\n"
947 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
948 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
949 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
950 "\n");
951 }
952 
953 static int multiwrite_f(int argc, char **argv);
954 
955 static const cmdinfo_t multiwrite_cmd = {
956     .name       = "multiwrite",
957     .cfunc      = multiwrite_f,
958     .argmin     = 2,
959     .argmax     = -1,
960     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..] [; off len [len..]..]",
961     .oneline    = "issues multiple write requests at once",
962     .help       = multiwrite_help,
963 };
964 
965 static int multiwrite_f(int argc, char **argv)
966 {
967     struct timeval t1, t2;
968     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
969     int c, cnt;
970     char **buf;
971     int64_t offset, first_offset = 0;
972     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
973     int total = 0;
974     int nr_iov;
975     int nr_reqs;
976     int pattern = 0xcd;
977     QEMUIOVector *qiovs;
978     int i;
979     BlockRequest *reqs;
980 
981     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
982         switch (c) {
983         case 'C':
984             Cflag = 1;
985             break;
986         case 'q':
987             qflag = 1;
988             break;
989         case 'P':
990             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
991             if (pattern < 0) {
992                 return 0;
993             }
994             break;
995         default:
996             return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
997         }
998     }
999 
1000     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1001         return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1002     }
1003 
1004     nr_reqs = 1;
1005     for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
1006         if (!strcmp(argv[i], ";")) {
1007             nr_reqs++;
1008         }
1009     }
1010 
1011     reqs = g_malloc0(nr_reqs * sizeof(*reqs));
1012     buf = g_malloc0(nr_reqs * sizeof(*buf));
1013     qiovs = g_malloc(nr_reqs * sizeof(*qiovs));
1014 
1015     for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs && optind < argc; i++) {
1016         int j;
1017 
1018         /* Read the offset of the request */
1019         offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1020         if (offset < 0) {
1021             printf("non-numeric offset argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1022             goto out;
1023         }
1024         optind++;
1025 
1026         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1027             printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
1028                    (long long)offset);
1029             goto out;
1030         }
1031 
1032         if (i == 0) {
1033             first_offset = offset;
1034         }
1035 
1036         /* Read lengths for qiov entries */
1037         for (j = optind; j < argc; j++) {
1038             if (!strcmp(argv[j], ";")) {
1039                 break;
1040             }
1041         }
1042 
1043         nr_iov = j - optind;
1044 
1045         /* Build request */
1046         buf[i] = create_iovec(&qiovs[i], &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1047         if (buf[i] == NULL) {
1048             goto out;
1049         }
1050 
1051         reqs[i].qiov = &qiovs[i];
1052         reqs[i].sector = offset >> 9;
1053         reqs[i].nb_sectors = reqs[i].qiov->size >> 9;
1054 
1055         optind = j + 1;
1056 
1057         pattern++;
1058     }
1059 
1060     /* If there were empty requests at the end, ignore them */
1061     nr_reqs = i;
1062 
1063     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1064     cnt = do_aio_multiwrite(reqs, nr_reqs, &total);
1065     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1066 
1067     if (cnt < 0) {
1068         printf("aio_multiwrite failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1069         goto out;
1070     }
1071 
1072     if (qflag) {
1073         goto out;
1074     }
1075 
1076     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1077     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1078     print_report("wrote", &t2, first_offset, total, total, cnt, Cflag);
1079 out:
1080     for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs; i++) {
1081         qemu_io_free(buf[i]);
1082         if (reqs[i].qiov != NULL) {
1083             qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiovs[i]);
1084         }
1085     }
1086     g_free(buf);
1087     g_free(reqs);
1088     g_free(qiovs);
1089     return 0;
1090 }
1091 
1092 struct aio_ctx {
1093     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1094     int64_t offset;
1095     char *buf;
1096     int qflag;
1097     int vflag;
1098     int Cflag;
1099     int Pflag;
1100     int pattern;
1101     struct timeval t1;
1102 };
1103 
1104 static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1105 {
1106     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1107     struct timeval t2;
1108 
1109     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1110 
1111 
1112     if (ret < 0) {
1113         printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1114         goto out;
1115     }
1116 
1117     if (ctx->qflag) {
1118         goto out;
1119     }
1120 
1121     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1122     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1123     print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1124                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1125 out:
1126     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1127     g_free(ctx);
1128 }
1129 
1130 static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1131 {
1132     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1133     struct timeval t2;
1134 
1135     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1136 
1137     if (ret < 0) {
1138         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1139         goto out;
1140     }
1141 
1142     if (ctx->Pflag) {
1143         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
1144 
1145         memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
1146         if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
1147             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
1148                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1149         }
1150         g_free(cmp_buf);
1151     }
1152 
1153     if (ctx->qflag) {
1154         goto out;
1155     }
1156 
1157     if (ctx->vflag) {
1158         dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1159     }
1160 
1161     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1162     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1163     print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1164                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1165 out:
1166     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1167     g_free(ctx);
1168 }
1169 
1170 static void aio_read_help(void)
1171 {
1172     printf(
1173 "\n"
1174 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1175 "\n"
1176 " Example:\n"
1177 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1178 "\n"
1179 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
1180 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
1181 " The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1182 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1183 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1184 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
1185 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
1186 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1187 "\n");
1188 }
1189 
1190 static int aio_read_f(int argc, char **argv);
1191 
1192 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
1193     .name       = "aio_read",
1194     .cfunc      = aio_read_f,
1195     .argmin     = 2,
1196     .argmax     = -1,
1197     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1198     .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
1199     .help       = aio_read_help,
1200 };
1201 
1202 static int aio_read_f(int argc, char **argv)
1203 {
1204     int nr_iov, c;
1205     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1206 
1207     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
1208         switch (c) {
1209         case 'C':
1210             ctx->Cflag = 1;
1211             break;
1212         case 'P':
1213             ctx->Pflag = 1;
1214             ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1215             if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
1216                 g_free(ctx);
1217                 return 0;
1218             }
1219             break;
1220         case 'q':
1221             ctx->qflag = 1;
1222             break;
1223         case 'v':
1224             ctx->vflag = 1;
1225             break;
1226         default:
1227             g_free(ctx);
1228             return command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1229         }
1230     }
1231 
1232     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1233         g_free(ctx);
1234         return command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1235     }
1236 
1237     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1238     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1239         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1240         g_free(ctx);
1241         return 0;
1242     }
1243     optind++;
1244 
1245     if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1246         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1247                ctx->offset);
1248         g_free(ctx);
1249         return 0;
1250     }
1251 
1252     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1253     ctx->buf = create_iovec(&ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
1254     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1255         g_free(ctx);
1256         return 0;
1257     }
1258 
1259     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1260     bdrv_aio_readv(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1261                    ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_read_done, ctx);
1262     return 0;
1263 }
1264 
1265 static void aio_write_help(void)
1266 {
1267     printf(
1268 "\n"
1269 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
1270 " from multiple buffers\n"
1271 "\n"
1272 " Example:\n"
1273 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1274 "\n"
1275 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1276 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1277 " The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1278 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1279 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1280 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1281 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1282 "\n");
1283 }
1284 
1285 static int aio_write_f(int argc, char **argv);
1286 
1287 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1288     .name       = "aio_write",
1289     .cfunc      = aio_write_f,
1290     .argmin     = 2,
1291     .argmax     = -1,
1292     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1293     .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1294     .help       = aio_write_help,
1295 };
1296 
1297 static int aio_write_f(int argc, char **argv)
1298 {
1299     int nr_iov, c;
1300     int pattern = 0xcd;
1301     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1302 
1303     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1304         switch (c) {
1305         case 'C':
1306             ctx->Cflag = 1;
1307             break;
1308         case 'q':
1309             ctx->qflag = 1;
1310             break;
1311         case 'P':
1312             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1313             if (pattern < 0) {
1314                 g_free(ctx);
1315                 return 0;
1316             }
1317             break;
1318         default:
1319             g_free(ctx);
1320             return command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1321         }
1322     }
1323 
1324     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1325         g_free(ctx);
1326         return command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1327     }
1328 
1329     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1330     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1331         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1332         g_free(ctx);
1333         return 0;
1334     }
1335     optind++;
1336 
1337     if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1338         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1339                ctx->offset);
1340         g_free(ctx);
1341         return 0;
1342     }
1343 
1344     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1345     ctx->buf = create_iovec(&ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1346     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1347         g_free(ctx);
1348         return 0;
1349     }
1350 
1351     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1352     bdrv_aio_writev(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1353                     ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_write_done, ctx);
1354     return 0;
1355 }
1356 
1357 static int aio_flush_f(int argc, char **argv)
1358 {
1359     qemu_aio_flush();
1360     return 0;
1361 }
1362 
1363 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1364     .name       = "aio_flush",
1365     .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,
1366     .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
1367 };
1368 
1369 static int flush_f(int argc, char **argv)
1370 {
1371     bdrv_flush(bs);
1372     return 0;
1373 }
1374 
1375 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1376     .name       = "flush",
1377     .altname    = "f",
1378     .cfunc      = flush_f,
1379     .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1380 };
1381 
1382 static int truncate_f(int argc, char **argv)
1383 {
1384     int64_t offset;
1385     int ret;
1386 
1387     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1388     if (offset < 0) {
1389         printf("non-numeric truncate argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
1390         return 0;
1391     }
1392 
1393     ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, offset);
1394     if (ret < 0) {
1395         printf("truncate: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1396         return 0;
1397     }
1398 
1399     return 0;
1400 }
1401 
1402 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1403     .name       = "truncate",
1404     .altname    = "t",
1405     .cfunc      = truncate_f,
1406     .argmin     = 1,
1407     .argmax     = 1,
1408     .args       = "off",
1409     .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1410 };
1411 
1412 static int length_f(int argc, char **argv)
1413 {
1414     int64_t size;
1415     char s1[64];
1416 
1417     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1418     if (size < 0) {
1419         printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
1420         return 0;
1421     }
1422 
1423     cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1424     printf("%s\n", s1);
1425     return 0;
1426 }
1427 
1428 
1429 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1430     .name   = "length",
1431     .altname    = "l",
1432     .cfunc      = length_f,
1433     .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",
1434 };
1435 
1436 
1437 static int info_f(int argc, char **argv)
1438 {
1439     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1440     char s1[64], s2[64];
1441     int ret;
1442 
1443     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
1444         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1445     }
1446     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
1447         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1448     }
1449 
1450     ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1451     if (ret) {
1452         return 0;
1453     }
1454 
1455     cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1456     cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1457 
1458     printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1459     printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1460 
1461     return 0;
1462 }
1463 
1464 
1465 
1466 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1467     .name       = "info",
1468     .altname    = "i",
1469     .cfunc      = info_f,
1470     .oneline    = "prints information about the current file",
1471 };
1472 
1473 static void discard_help(void)
1474 {
1475     printf(
1476 "\n"
1477 " discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1478 "\n"
1479 " Example:\n"
1480 " 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1481 "\n"
1482 " Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
1483 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1484 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1485 "\n");
1486 }
1487 
1488 static int discard_f(int argc, char **argv);
1489 
1490 static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
1491     .name       = "discard",
1492     .altname    = "d",
1493     .cfunc      = discard_f,
1494     .argmin     = 2,
1495     .argmax     = -1,
1496     .args       = "[-Cq] off len",
1497     .oneline    = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1498     .help       = discard_help,
1499 };
1500 
1501 static int discard_f(int argc, char **argv)
1502 {
1503     struct timeval t1, t2;
1504     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
1505     int c, ret;
1506     int64_t offset;
1507     int count;
1508 
1509     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != EOF) {
1510         switch (c) {
1511         case 'C':
1512             Cflag = 1;
1513             break;
1514         case 'q':
1515             qflag = 1;
1516             break;
1517         default:
1518             return command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1519         }
1520     }
1521 
1522     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1523         return command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1524     }
1525 
1526     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1527     if (offset < 0) {
1528         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1529         return 0;
1530     }
1531 
1532     optind++;
1533     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1534     if (count < 0) {
1535         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1536         return 0;
1537     }
1538 
1539     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1540     ret = bdrv_discard(bs, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1541                        count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1542     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1543 
1544     if (ret < 0) {
1545         printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1546         goto out;
1547     }
1548 
1549     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1550     if (!qflag) {
1551         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1552         print_report("discard", &t2, offset, count, count, 1, Cflag);
1553     }
1554 
1555 out:
1556     return 0;
1557 }
1558 
1559 static int alloc_f(int argc, char **argv)
1560 {
1561     int64_t offset;
1562     int nb_sectors, remaining;
1563     char s1[64];
1564     int num, sum_alloc;
1565     int ret;
1566 
1567     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1568     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1569         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1570                offset);
1571         return 0;
1572     }
1573 
1574     if (argc == 3) {
1575         nb_sectors = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1576     } else {
1577         nb_sectors = 1;
1578     }
1579 
1580     remaining = nb_sectors;
1581     sum_alloc = 0;
1582     while (remaining) {
1583         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset >> 9, nb_sectors, &num);
1584         remaining -= num;
1585         if (ret) {
1586             sum_alloc += num;
1587         }
1588     }
1589 
1590     cvtstr(offset, s1, sizeof(s1));
1591 
1592     printf("%d/%d sectors allocated at offset %s\n",
1593            sum_alloc, nb_sectors, s1);
1594     return 0;
1595 }
1596 
1597 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1598     .name       = "alloc",
1599     .altname    = "a",
1600     .argmin     = 1,
1601     .argmax     = 2,
1602     .cfunc      = alloc_f,
1603     .args       = "off [sectors]",
1604     .oneline    = "checks if a sector is present in the file",
1605 };
1606 
1607 static int map_f(int argc, char **argv)
1608 {
1609     int64_t offset;
1610     int64_t nb_sectors;
1611     char s1[64];
1612     int num, num_checked;
1613     int ret;
1614     const char *retstr;
1615 
1616     offset = 0;
1617     nb_sectors = bs->total_sectors;
1618 
1619     do {
1620         num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1621         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, num_checked, &num);
1622         retstr = ret ? "    allocated" : "not allocated";
1623         cvtstr(offset << 9ULL, s1, sizeof(s1));
1624         printf("[% 24" PRId64 "] % 8d/% 8d sectors %s at offset %s (%d)\n",
1625                offset << 9ULL, num, num_checked, retstr, s1, ret);
1626 
1627         offset += num;
1628         nb_sectors -= num;
1629     } while (offset < bs->total_sectors);
1630 
1631     return 0;
1632 }
1633 
1634 static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
1635        .name           = "map",
1636        .argmin         = 0,
1637        .argmax         = 0,
1638        .cfunc          = map_f,
1639        .args           = "",
1640        .oneline        = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
1641 };
1642 
1643 
1644 static int close_f(int argc, char **argv)
1645 {
1646     bdrv_delete(bs);
1647     bs = NULL;
1648     return 0;
1649 }
1650 
1651 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = {
1652     .name       = "close",
1653     .altname    = "c",
1654     .cfunc      = close_f,
1655     .oneline    = "close the current open file",
1656 };
1657 
1658 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, int growable)
1659 {
1660     if (bs) {
1661         fprintf(stderr, "file open already, try 'help close'\n");
1662         return 1;
1663     }
1664 
1665     if (growable) {
1666         if (bdrv_file_open(&bs, name, flags)) {
1667             fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open device %s\n", progname, name);
1668             return 1;
1669         }
1670     } else {
1671         bs = bdrv_new("hda");
1672 
1673         if (bdrv_open(bs, name, flags, NULL) < 0) {
1674             fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open device %s\n", progname, name);
1675             bdrv_delete(bs);
1676             bs = NULL;
1677             return 1;
1678         }
1679     }
1680 
1681     return 0;
1682 }
1683 
1684 static void open_help(void)
1685 {
1686     printf(
1687 "\n"
1688 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n"
1689 "\n"
1690 " Example:\n"
1691 " 'open -Cn /tmp/data' - creates/opens data file read-write and uncached\n"
1692 "\n"
1693 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n"
1694 " -r, -- open file read-only\n"
1695 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n"
1696 " -n, -- disable host cache\n"
1697 " -g, -- allow file to grow (only applies to protocols)"
1698 "\n");
1699 }
1700 
1701 static int open_f(int argc, char **argv);
1702 
1703 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = {
1704     .name       = "open",
1705     .altname    = "o",
1706     .cfunc      = open_f,
1707     .argmin     = 1,
1708     .argmax     = -1,
1709     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
1710     .args       = "[-Crsn] [path]",
1711     .oneline    = "open the file specified by path",
1712     .help       = open_help,
1713 };
1714 
1715 static int open_f(int argc, char **argv)
1716 {
1717     int flags = 0;
1718     int readonly = 0;
1719     int growable = 0;
1720     int c;
1721 
1722     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snrg")) != EOF) {
1723         switch (c) {
1724         case 's':
1725             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
1726             break;
1727         case 'n':
1728             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
1729             break;
1730         case 'r':
1731             readonly = 1;
1732             break;
1733         case 'g':
1734             growable = 1;
1735             break;
1736         default:
1737             return command_usage(&open_cmd);
1738         }
1739     }
1740 
1741     if (!readonly) {
1742         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
1743     }
1744 
1745     if (optind != argc - 1) {
1746         return command_usage(&open_cmd);
1747     }
1748 
1749     return openfile(argv[optind], flags, growable);
1750 }
1751 
1752 static int init_args_command(int index)
1753 {
1754     /* only one device allowed so far */
1755     if (index >= 1) {
1756         return 0;
1757     }
1758     return ++index;
1759 }
1760 
1761 static int init_check_command(const cmdinfo_t *ct)
1762 {
1763     if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
1764         return 1;
1765     }
1766     if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !bs) {
1767         fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
1768         return 0;
1769     }
1770     return 1;
1771 }
1772 
1773 static void usage(const char *name)
1774 {
1775     printf(
1776 "Usage: %s [-h] [-V] [-rsnm] [-c cmd] ... [file]\n"
1777 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n"
1778 "\n"
1779 "  -c, --cmd            command to execute\n"
1780 "  -r, --read-only      export read-only\n"
1781 "  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file\n"
1782 "  -n, --nocache        disable host cache\n"
1783 "  -g, --growable       allow file to grow (only applies to protocols)\n"
1784 "  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n"
1785 "  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation (on Linux only)\n"
1786 "  -h, --help           display this help and exit\n"
1787 "  -V, --version        output version information and exit\n"
1788 "\n",
1789     name);
1790 }
1791 
1792 
1793 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1794 {
1795     int readonly = 0;
1796     int growable = 0;
1797     const char *sopt = "hVc:rsnmgk";
1798     const struct option lopt[] = {
1799         { "help", 0, NULL, 'h' },
1800         { "version", 0, NULL, 'V' },
1801         { "offset", 1, NULL, 'o' },
1802         { "cmd", 1, NULL, 'c' },
1803         { "read-only", 0, NULL, 'r' },
1804         { "snapshot", 0, NULL, 's' },
1805         { "nocache", 0, NULL, 'n' },
1806         { "misalign", 0, NULL, 'm' },
1807         { "growable", 0, NULL, 'g' },
1808         { "native-aio", 0, NULL, 'k' },
1809         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
1810     };
1811     int c;
1812     int opt_index = 0;
1813     int flags = 0;
1814 
1815     progname = basename(argv[0]);
1816 
1817     while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) {
1818         switch (c) {
1819         case 's':
1820             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
1821             break;
1822         case 'n':
1823             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
1824             break;
1825         case 'c':
1826             add_user_command(optarg);
1827             break;
1828         case 'r':
1829             readonly = 1;
1830             break;
1831         case 'm':
1832             misalign = 1;
1833             break;
1834         case 'g':
1835             growable = 1;
1836             break;
1837         case 'k':
1838             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
1839             break;
1840         case 'V':
1841             printf("%s version %s\n", progname, VERSION);
1842             exit(0);
1843         case 'h':
1844             usage(progname);
1845             exit(0);
1846         default:
1847             usage(progname);
1848             exit(1);
1849         }
1850     }
1851 
1852     if ((argc - optind) > 1) {
1853         usage(progname);
1854         exit(1);
1855     }
1856 
1857     bdrv_init();
1858 
1859     qemu_init_main_loop();
1860 
1861     /* initialize commands */
1862     quit_init();
1863     help_init();
1864     add_command(&open_cmd);
1865     add_command(&close_cmd);
1866     add_command(&read_cmd);
1867     add_command(&readv_cmd);
1868     add_command(&write_cmd);
1869     add_command(&writev_cmd);
1870     add_command(&multiwrite_cmd);
1871     add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
1872     add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
1873     add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
1874     add_command(&flush_cmd);
1875     add_command(&truncate_cmd);
1876     add_command(&length_cmd);
1877     add_command(&info_cmd);
1878     add_command(&discard_cmd);
1879     add_command(&alloc_cmd);
1880     add_command(&map_cmd);
1881 
1882     add_args_command(init_args_command);
1883     add_check_command(init_check_command);
1884 
1885     /* open the device */
1886     if (!readonly) {
1887         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
1888     }
1889 
1890     if ((argc - optind) == 1) {
1891         openfile(argv[optind], flags, growable);
1892     }
1893     command_loop();
1894 
1895     /*
1896      * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits.
1897      */
1898     bdrv_drain_all();
1899 
1900     if (bs) {
1901         bdrv_delete(bs);
1902     }
1903     return 0;
1904 }
1905