xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-io.c (revision 1fd6bb44)
1 /*
2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
6  *
7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
9  */
10 #include <sys/time.h>
11 #include <sys/types.h>
12 #include <stdarg.h>
13 #include <stdio.h>
14 #include <getopt.h>
15 #include <libgen.h>
16 
17 #include "qemu-common.h"
18 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
19 #include "block/block_int.h"
20 #include "cmd.h"
21 #include "trace/control.h"
22 
23 #define VERSION	"0.0.1"
24 
25 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
26 
27 char *progname;
28 static BlockDriverState *bs;
29 
30 static int misalign;
31 
32 /*
33  * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
34  *
35  * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
36  * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
37  */
38 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
39 {
40     char *endptr = NULL;
41     long pattern;
42 
43     pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
44     if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
45         printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
46         return -1;
47     }
48 
49     return pattern;
50 }
51 
52 /*
53  * Memory allocation helpers.
54  *
55  * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
56  * that is specified on the command line.
57  */
58 
59 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16
60 static void *qemu_io_alloc(size_t len, int pattern)
61 {
62     void *buf;
63 
64     if (misalign) {
65         len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
66     }
67     buf = qemu_blockalign(bs, len);
68     memset(buf, pattern, len);
69     if (misalign) {
70         buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
71     }
72     return buf;
73 }
74 
75 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
76 {
77     if (misalign) {
78         p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
79     }
80     qemu_vfree(p);
81 }
82 
83 static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int len)
84 {
85     int i, j;
86     const uint8_t *p;
87 
88     for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
89         const uint8_t *s = p;
90 
91         printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);
92         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
93             printf("%02x ", *p);
94         }
95         printf(" ");
96         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
97             if (isalnum(*s)) {
98                 printf("%c", *s);
99             } else {
100                 printf(".");
101             }
102         }
103         printf("\n");
104     }
105 }
106 
107 static void print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,
108                          int count, int total, int cnt, int Cflag)
109 {
110     char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
111 
112     timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
113     if (!Cflag) {
114         cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
115         cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
116         printf("%s %d/%d bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
117                op, total, count, offset);
118         printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
119                s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
120     } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
121         printf("%d,%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
122             total, cnt, ts,
123             tdiv((double)total, *t),
124             tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
125     }
126 }
127 
128 /*
129  * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
130  * vector matching it.
131  */
132 static void *
133 create_iovec(QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov, int pattern)
134 {
135     size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
136     size_t count = 0;
137     void *buf = NULL;
138     void *p;
139     int i;
140 
141     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
142         char *arg = argv[i];
143         int64_t len;
144 
145         len = cvtnum(arg);
146         if (len < 0) {
147             printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", arg);
148             goto fail;
149         }
150 
151         /* should be SIZE_T_MAX, but that doesn't exist */
152         if (len > INT_MAX) {
153             printf("too large length argument -- %s\n", arg);
154             goto fail;
155         }
156 
157         if (len & 0x1ff) {
158             printf("length argument %" PRId64
159                    " is not sector aligned\n", len);
160             goto fail;
161         }
162 
163         sizes[i] = len;
164         count += len;
165     }
166 
167     qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
168 
169     buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(count, pattern);
170 
171     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
172         qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
173         p += sizes[i];
174     }
175 
176 fail:
177     g_free(sizes);
178     return buf;
179 }
180 
181 static int do_read(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
182 {
183     int ret;
184 
185     ret = bdrv_read(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
186     if (ret < 0) {
187         return ret;
188     }
189     *total = count;
190     return 1;
191 }
192 
193 static int do_write(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
194 {
195     int ret;
196 
197     ret = bdrv_write(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
198     if (ret < 0) {
199         return ret;
200     }
201     *total = count;
202     return 1;
203 }
204 
205 static int do_pread(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
206 {
207     *total = bdrv_pread(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
208     if (*total < 0) {
209         return *total;
210     }
211     return 1;
212 }
213 
214 static int do_pwrite(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
215 {
216     *total = bdrv_pwrite(bs, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
217     if (*total < 0) {
218         return *total;
219     }
220     return 1;
221 }
222 
223 typedef struct {
224     int64_t offset;
225     int count;
226     int *total;
227     int ret;
228     bool done;
229 } CoWriteZeroes;
230 
231 static void coroutine_fn co_write_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)
232 {
233     CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;
234 
235     data->ret = bdrv_co_write_zeroes(bs, data->offset / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
236                                      data->count / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
237     data->done = true;
238     if (data->ret < 0) {
239         *data->total = data->ret;
240         return;
241     }
242 
243     *data->total = data->count;
244 }
245 
246 static int do_co_write_zeroes(int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
247 {
248     Coroutine *co;
249     CoWriteZeroes data = {
250         .offset = offset,
251         .count  = count,
252         .total  = total,
253         .done   = false,
254     };
255 
256     co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_write_zeroes_entry);
257     qemu_coroutine_enter(co, &data);
258     while (!data.done) {
259         qemu_aio_wait();
260     }
261     if (data.ret < 0) {
262         return data.ret;
263     } else {
264         return 1;
265     }
266 }
267 
268 static int do_write_compressed(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
269 {
270     int ret;
271 
272     ret = bdrv_write_compressed(bs, offset >> 9, (uint8_t *)buf, count >> 9);
273     if (ret < 0) {
274         return ret;
275     }
276     *total = count;
277     return 1;
278 }
279 
280 static int do_load_vmstate(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
281 {
282     *total = bdrv_load_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
283     if (*total < 0) {
284         return *total;
285     }
286     return 1;
287 }
288 
289 static int do_save_vmstate(char *buf, int64_t offset, int count, int *total)
290 {
291     *total = bdrv_save_vmstate(bs, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
292     if (*total < 0) {
293         return *total;
294     }
295     return 1;
296 }
297 
298 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
299 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
300 {
301     *(int *)opaque = ret;
302 }
303 
304 static int do_aio_readv(QEMUIOVector *qiov, int64_t offset, int *total)
305 {
306     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
307 
308     bdrv_aio_readv(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
309                    aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
310     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
311         main_loop_wait(false);
312     }
313 
314     *total = qiov->size;
315     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
316 }
317 
318 static int do_aio_writev(QEMUIOVector *qiov, int64_t offset, int *total)
319 {
320     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
321 
322     bdrv_aio_writev(bs, offset >> 9, qiov, qiov->size >> 9,
323                     aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
324     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
325         main_loop_wait(false);
326     }
327 
328     *total = qiov->size;
329     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
330 }
331 
332 struct multiwrite_async_ret {
333     int num_done;
334     int error;
335 };
336 
337 static void multiwrite_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
338 {
339     struct multiwrite_async_ret *async_ret = opaque;
340 
341     async_ret->num_done++;
342     if (ret < 0) {
343         async_ret->error = ret;
344     }
345 }
346 
347 static int do_aio_multiwrite(BlockRequest* reqs, int num_reqs, int *total)
348 {
349     int i, ret;
350     struct multiwrite_async_ret async_ret = {
351         .num_done = 0,
352         .error = 0,
353     };
354 
355     *total = 0;
356     for (i = 0; i < num_reqs; i++) {
357         reqs[i].cb = multiwrite_cb;
358         reqs[i].opaque = &async_ret;
359         *total += reqs[i].qiov->size;
360     }
361 
362     ret = bdrv_aio_multiwrite(bs, reqs, num_reqs);
363     if (ret < 0) {
364         return ret;
365     }
366 
367     while (async_ret.num_done < num_reqs) {
368         main_loop_wait(false);
369     }
370 
371     return async_ret.error < 0 ? async_ret.error : 1;
372 }
373 
374 static void read_help(void)
375 {
376     printf(
377 "\n"
378 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
379 "\n"
380 " Example:\n"
381 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
382 "\n"
383 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
384 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
385 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
386 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
387 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
388 " -p, -- use bdrv_pread to read the file\n"
389 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
390 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
391 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
392 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
393 "\n");
394 }
395 
396 static int read_f(int argc, char **argv);
397 
398 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
399     .name       = "read",
400     .altname    = "r",
401     .cfunc      = read_f,
402     .argmin     = 2,
403     .argmax     = -1,
404     .args       = "[-abCpqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
405     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
406     .help       = read_help,
407 };
408 
409 static int read_f(int argc, char **argv)
410 {
411     struct timeval t1, t2;
412     int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
413     int Pflag = 0, sflag = 0, lflag = 0, bflag = 0;
414     int c, cnt;
415     char *buf;
416     int64_t offset;
417     int count;
418     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
419     int total = 0;
420     int pattern = 0, pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
421 
422     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != EOF) {
423         switch (c) {
424         case 'b':
425             bflag = 1;
426             break;
427         case 'C':
428             Cflag = 1;
429             break;
430         case 'l':
431             lflag = 1;
432             pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
433             if (pattern_count < 0) {
434                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
435                 return 0;
436             }
437             break;
438         case 'p':
439             pflag = 1;
440             break;
441         case 'P':
442             Pflag = 1;
443             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
444             if (pattern < 0) {
445                 return 0;
446             }
447             break;
448         case 'q':
449             qflag = 1;
450             break;
451         case 's':
452             sflag = 1;
453             pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
454             if (pattern_offset < 0) {
455                 printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", optarg);
456                 return 0;
457             }
458             break;
459         case 'v':
460             vflag = 1;
461             break;
462         default:
463             return command_usage(&read_cmd);
464         }
465     }
466 
467     if (optind != argc - 2) {
468         return command_usage(&read_cmd);
469     }
470 
471     if (bflag && pflag) {
472         printf("-b and -p cannot be specified at the same time\n");
473         return 0;
474     }
475 
476     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
477     if (offset < 0) {
478         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
479         return 0;
480     }
481 
482     optind++;
483     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
484     if (count < 0) {
485         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
486         return 0;
487     }
488 
489     if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
490         return command_usage(&read_cmd);
491     }
492 
493     if (!lflag) {
494         pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
495     }
496 
497     if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
498         printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
499         return 0;
500     }
501 
502     if (!pflag) {
503         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
504             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
505                    offset);
506             return 0;
507         }
508         if (count & 0x1ff) {
509             printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
510                    count);
511             return 0;
512         }
513     }
514 
515     buf = qemu_io_alloc(count, 0xab);
516 
517     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
518     if (pflag) {
519         cnt = do_pread(buf, offset, count, &total);
520     } else if (bflag) {
521         cnt = do_load_vmstate(buf, offset, count, &total);
522     } else {
523         cnt = do_read(buf, offset, count, &total);
524     }
525     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
526 
527     if (cnt < 0) {
528         printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
529         goto out;
530     }
531 
532     if (Pflag) {
533         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
534         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
535         if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
536             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
537                    PRId64 ", %d bytes\n",
538                    offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
539         }
540         g_free(cmp_buf);
541     }
542 
543     if (qflag) {
544         goto out;
545     }
546 
547     if (vflag) {
548         dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
549     }
550 
551     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
552     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
553     print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
554 
555 out:
556     qemu_io_free(buf);
557 
558     return 0;
559 }
560 
561 static void readv_help(void)
562 {
563     printf(
564 "\n"
565 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
566 "\n"
567 " Example:\n"
568 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
569 "\n"
570 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
571 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
572 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
573 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
574 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
575 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
576 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
577 "\n");
578 }
579 
580 static int readv_f(int argc, char **argv);
581 
582 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
583     .name       = "readv",
584     .cfunc      = readv_f,
585     .argmin     = 2,
586     .argmax     = -1,
587     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
588     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
589     .help       = readv_help,
590 };
591 
592 static int readv_f(int argc, char **argv)
593 {
594     struct timeval t1, t2;
595     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0, vflag = 0;
596     int c, cnt;
597     char *buf;
598     int64_t offset;
599     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
600     int total = 0;
601     int nr_iov;
602     QEMUIOVector qiov;
603     int pattern = 0;
604     int Pflag = 0;
605 
606     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
607         switch (c) {
608         case 'C':
609             Cflag = 1;
610             break;
611         case 'P':
612             Pflag = 1;
613             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
614             if (pattern < 0) {
615                 return 0;
616             }
617             break;
618         case 'q':
619             qflag = 1;
620             break;
621         case 'v':
622             vflag = 1;
623             break;
624         default:
625             return command_usage(&readv_cmd);
626         }
627     }
628 
629     if (optind > argc - 2) {
630         return command_usage(&readv_cmd);
631     }
632 
633 
634     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
635     if (offset < 0) {
636         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
637         return 0;
638     }
639     optind++;
640 
641     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
642         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
643                offset);
644         return 0;
645     }
646 
647     nr_iov = argc - optind;
648     buf = create_iovec(&qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
649     if (buf == NULL) {
650         return 0;
651     }
652 
653     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
654     cnt = do_aio_readv(&qiov, offset, &total);
655     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
656 
657     if (cnt < 0) {
658         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
659         goto out;
660     }
661 
662     if (Pflag) {
663         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
664         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
665         if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
666             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
667                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
668         }
669         g_free(cmp_buf);
670     }
671 
672     if (qflag) {
673         goto out;
674     }
675 
676     if (vflag) {
677         dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
678     }
679 
680     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
681     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
682     print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
683 
684 out:
685     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
686     qemu_io_free(buf);
687     return 0;
688 }
689 
690 static void write_help(void)
691 {
692     printf(
693 "\n"
694 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
695 "\n"
696 " Example:\n"
697 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
698 "\n"
699 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
700 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
701 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
702 " -c, -- write compressed data with bdrv_write_compressed\n"
703 " -p, -- use bdrv_pwrite to write the file\n"
704 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
705 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
706 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
707 " -z, -- write zeroes using bdrv_co_write_zeroes\n"
708 "\n");
709 }
710 
711 static int write_f(int argc, char **argv);
712 
713 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
714     .name       = "write",
715     .altname    = "w",
716     .cfunc      = write_f,
717     .argmin     = 2,
718     .argmax     = -1,
719     .args       = "[-bcCpqz] [-P pattern ] off len",
720     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
721     .help       = write_help,
722 };
723 
724 static int write_f(int argc, char **argv)
725 {
726     struct timeval t1, t2;
727     int Cflag = 0, pflag = 0, qflag = 0, bflag = 0, Pflag = 0, zflag = 0;
728     int cflag = 0;
729     int c, cnt;
730     char *buf = NULL;
731     int64_t offset;
732     int count;
733     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
734     int total = 0;
735     int pattern = 0xcd;
736 
737     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCpP:qz")) != EOF) {
738         switch (c) {
739         case 'b':
740             bflag = 1;
741             break;
742         case 'c':
743             cflag = 1;
744             break;
745         case 'C':
746             Cflag = 1;
747             break;
748         case 'p':
749             pflag = 1;
750             break;
751         case 'P':
752             Pflag = 1;
753             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
754             if (pattern < 0) {
755                 return 0;
756             }
757             break;
758         case 'q':
759             qflag = 1;
760             break;
761         case 'z':
762             zflag = 1;
763             break;
764         default:
765             return command_usage(&write_cmd);
766         }
767     }
768 
769     if (optind != argc - 2) {
770         return command_usage(&write_cmd);
771     }
772 
773     if (bflag + pflag + zflag > 1) {
774         printf("-b, -p, or -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
775         return 0;
776     }
777 
778     if (zflag && Pflag) {
779         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
780         return 0;
781     }
782 
783     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
784     if (offset < 0) {
785         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
786         return 0;
787     }
788 
789     optind++;
790     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
791     if (count < 0) {
792         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
793         return 0;
794     }
795 
796     if (!pflag) {
797         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
798             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
799                    offset);
800             return 0;
801         }
802 
803         if (count & 0x1ff) {
804             printf("count %d is not sector aligned\n",
805                    count);
806             return 0;
807         }
808     }
809 
810     if (!zflag) {
811         buf = qemu_io_alloc(count, pattern);
812     }
813 
814     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
815     if (pflag) {
816         cnt = do_pwrite(buf, offset, count, &total);
817     } else if (bflag) {
818         cnt = do_save_vmstate(buf, offset, count, &total);
819     } else if (zflag) {
820         cnt = do_co_write_zeroes(offset, count, &total);
821     } else if (cflag) {
822         cnt = do_write_compressed(buf, offset, count, &total);
823     } else {
824         cnt = do_write(buf, offset, count, &total);
825     }
826     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
827 
828     if (cnt < 0) {
829         printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
830         goto out;
831     }
832 
833     if (qflag) {
834         goto out;
835     }
836 
837     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
838     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
839     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
840 
841 out:
842     if (!zflag) {
843         qemu_io_free(buf);
844     }
845 
846     return 0;
847 }
848 
849 static void
850 writev_help(void)
851 {
852     printf(
853 "\n"
854 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
855 "\n"
856 " Example:\n"
857 " 'write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
858 "\n"
859 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
860 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
861 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
862 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
863 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
864 "\n");
865 }
866 
867 static int writev_f(int argc, char **argv);
868 
869 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
870     .name       = "writev",
871     .cfunc      = writev_f,
872     .argmin     = 2,
873     .argmax     = -1,
874     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
875     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
876     .help       = writev_help,
877 };
878 
879 static int writev_f(int argc, char **argv)
880 {
881     struct timeval t1, t2;
882     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
883     int c, cnt;
884     char *buf;
885     int64_t offset;
886     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
887     int total = 0;
888     int nr_iov;
889     int pattern = 0xcd;
890     QEMUIOVector qiov;
891 
892     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
893         switch (c) {
894         case 'C':
895             Cflag = 1;
896             break;
897         case 'q':
898             qflag = 1;
899             break;
900         case 'P':
901             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
902             if (pattern < 0) {
903                 return 0;
904             }
905             break;
906         default:
907             return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
908         }
909     }
910 
911     if (optind > argc - 2) {
912         return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
913     }
914 
915     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
916     if (offset < 0) {
917         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
918         return 0;
919     }
920     optind++;
921 
922     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
923         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
924                offset);
925         return 0;
926     }
927 
928     nr_iov = argc - optind;
929     buf = create_iovec(&qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
930     if (buf == NULL) {
931         return 0;
932     }
933 
934     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
935     cnt = do_aio_writev(&qiov, offset, &total);
936     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
937 
938     if (cnt < 0) {
939         printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
940         goto out;
941     }
942 
943     if (qflag) {
944         goto out;
945     }
946 
947     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
948     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
949     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
950 out:
951     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
952     qemu_io_free(buf);
953     return 0;
954 }
955 
956 static void multiwrite_help(void)
957 {
958     printf(
959 "\n"
960 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers,\n"
961 " in a batch of requests that may be merged by qemu\n"
962 "\n"
963 " Example:\n"
964 " 'multiwrite 512 1k 1k ; 4k 1k'\n"
965 "  writes 2 kB at 512 bytes and 1 kB at 4 kB into the open file\n"
966 "\n"
967 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
968 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd). The pattern byte is increased\n"
969 " by one for each request contained in the multiwrite command.\n"
970 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
971 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
972 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
973 "\n");
974 }
975 
976 static int multiwrite_f(int argc, char **argv);
977 
978 static const cmdinfo_t multiwrite_cmd = {
979     .name       = "multiwrite",
980     .cfunc      = multiwrite_f,
981     .argmin     = 2,
982     .argmax     = -1,
983     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..] [; off len [len..]..]",
984     .oneline    = "issues multiple write requests at once",
985     .help       = multiwrite_help,
986 };
987 
988 static int multiwrite_f(int argc, char **argv)
989 {
990     struct timeval t1, t2;
991     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
992     int c, cnt;
993     char **buf;
994     int64_t offset, first_offset = 0;
995     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
996     int total = 0;
997     int nr_iov;
998     int nr_reqs;
999     int pattern = 0xcd;
1000     QEMUIOVector *qiovs;
1001     int i;
1002     BlockRequest *reqs;
1003 
1004     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1005         switch (c) {
1006         case 'C':
1007             Cflag = 1;
1008             break;
1009         case 'q':
1010             qflag = 1;
1011             break;
1012         case 'P':
1013             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1014             if (pattern < 0) {
1015                 return 0;
1016             }
1017             break;
1018         default:
1019             return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1020         }
1021     }
1022 
1023     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1024         return command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1025     }
1026 
1027     nr_reqs = 1;
1028     for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
1029         if (!strcmp(argv[i], ";")) {
1030             nr_reqs++;
1031         }
1032     }
1033 
1034     reqs = g_malloc0(nr_reqs * sizeof(*reqs));
1035     buf = g_malloc0(nr_reqs * sizeof(*buf));
1036     qiovs = g_malloc(nr_reqs * sizeof(*qiovs));
1037 
1038     for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs && optind < argc; i++) {
1039         int j;
1040 
1041         /* Read the offset of the request */
1042         offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1043         if (offset < 0) {
1044             printf("non-numeric offset argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1045             goto out;
1046         }
1047         optind++;
1048 
1049         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1050             printf("offset %lld is not sector aligned\n",
1051                    (long long)offset);
1052             goto out;
1053         }
1054 
1055         if (i == 0) {
1056             first_offset = offset;
1057         }
1058 
1059         /* Read lengths for qiov entries */
1060         for (j = optind; j < argc; j++) {
1061             if (!strcmp(argv[j], ";")) {
1062                 break;
1063             }
1064         }
1065 
1066         nr_iov = j - optind;
1067 
1068         /* Build request */
1069         buf[i] = create_iovec(&qiovs[i], &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1070         if (buf[i] == NULL) {
1071             goto out;
1072         }
1073 
1074         reqs[i].qiov = &qiovs[i];
1075         reqs[i].sector = offset >> 9;
1076         reqs[i].nb_sectors = reqs[i].qiov->size >> 9;
1077 
1078         optind = j + 1;
1079 
1080         pattern++;
1081     }
1082 
1083     /* If there were empty requests at the end, ignore them */
1084     nr_reqs = i;
1085 
1086     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1087     cnt = do_aio_multiwrite(reqs, nr_reqs, &total);
1088     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1089 
1090     if (cnt < 0) {
1091         printf("aio_multiwrite failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1092         goto out;
1093     }
1094 
1095     if (qflag) {
1096         goto out;
1097     }
1098 
1099     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1100     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1101     print_report("wrote", &t2, first_offset, total, total, cnt, Cflag);
1102 out:
1103     for (i = 0; i < nr_reqs; i++) {
1104         qemu_io_free(buf[i]);
1105         if (reqs[i].qiov != NULL) {
1106             qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiovs[i]);
1107         }
1108     }
1109     g_free(buf);
1110     g_free(reqs);
1111     g_free(qiovs);
1112     return 0;
1113 }
1114 
1115 struct aio_ctx {
1116     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1117     int64_t offset;
1118     char *buf;
1119     int qflag;
1120     int vflag;
1121     int Cflag;
1122     int Pflag;
1123     int pattern;
1124     struct timeval t1;
1125 };
1126 
1127 static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1128 {
1129     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1130     struct timeval t2;
1131 
1132     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1133 
1134 
1135     if (ret < 0) {
1136         printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1137         goto out;
1138     }
1139 
1140     if (ctx->qflag) {
1141         goto out;
1142     }
1143 
1144     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1145     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1146     print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1147                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1148 out:
1149     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1150     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1151     g_free(ctx);
1152 }
1153 
1154 static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1155 {
1156     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1157     struct timeval t2;
1158 
1159     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1160 
1161     if (ret < 0) {
1162         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1163         goto out;
1164     }
1165 
1166     if (ctx->Pflag) {
1167         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
1168 
1169         memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
1170         if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
1171             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
1172                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1173         }
1174         g_free(cmp_buf);
1175     }
1176 
1177     if (ctx->qflag) {
1178         goto out;
1179     }
1180 
1181     if (ctx->vflag) {
1182         dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1183     }
1184 
1185     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1186     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1187     print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1188                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1189 out:
1190     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1191     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1192     g_free(ctx);
1193 }
1194 
1195 static void aio_read_help(void)
1196 {
1197     printf(
1198 "\n"
1199 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1200 "\n"
1201 " Example:\n"
1202 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1203 "\n"
1204 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
1205 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
1206 " The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1207 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1208 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1209 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
1210 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
1211 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1212 "\n");
1213 }
1214 
1215 static int aio_read_f(int argc, char **argv);
1216 
1217 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
1218     .name       = "aio_read",
1219     .cfunc      = aio_read_f,
1220     .argmin     = 2,
1221     .argmax     = -1,
1222     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1223     .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
1224     .help       = aio_read_help,
1225 };
1226 
1227 static int aio_read_f(int argc, char **argv)
1228 {
1229     int nr_iov, c;
1230     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1231 
1232     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != EOF) {
1233         switch (c) {
1234         case 'C':
1235             ctx->Cflag = 1;
1236             break;
1237         case 'P':
1238             ctx->Pflag = 1;
1239             ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1240             if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
1241                 g_free(ctx);
1242                 return 0;
1243             }
1244             break;
1245         case 'q':
1246             ctx->qflag = 1;
1247             break;
1248         case 'v':
1249             ctx->vflag = 1;
1250             break;
1251         default:
1252             g_free(ctx);
1253             return command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1254         }
1255     }
1256 
1257     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1258         g_free(ctx);
1259         return command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1260     }
1261 
1262     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1263     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1264         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1265         g_free(ctx);
1266         return 0;
1267     }
1268     optind++;
1269 
1270     if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1271         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1272                ctx->offset);
1273         g_free(ctx);
1274         return 0;
1275     }
1276 
1277     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1278     ctx->buf = create_iovec(&ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
1279     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1280         g_free(ctx);
1281         return 0;
1282     }
1283 
1284     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1285     bdrv_aio_readv(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1286                    ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_read_done, ctx);
1287     return 0;
1288 }
1289 
1290 static void aio_write_help(void)
1291 {
1292     printf(
1293 "\n"
1294 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
1295 " from multiple buffers\n"
1296 "\n"
1297 " Example:\n"
1298 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1299 "\n"
1300 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1301 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1302 " The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1303 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1304 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1305 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1306 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1307 "\n");
1308 }
1309 
1310 static int aio_write_f(int argc, char **argv);
1311 
1312 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1313     .name       = "aio_write",
1314     .cfunc      = aio_write_f,
1315     .argmin     = 2,
1316     .argmax     = -1,
1317     .args       = "[-Cq] [-P pattern ] off len [len..]",
1318     .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1319     .help       = aio_write_help,
1320 };
1321 
1322 static int aio_write_f(int argc, char **argv)
1323 {
1324     int nr_iov, c;
1325     int pattern = 0xcd;
1326     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1327 
1328     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CqP:")) != EOF) {
1329         switch (c) {
1330         case 'C':
1331             ctx->Cflag = 1;
1332             break;
1333         case 'q':
1334             ctx->qflag = 1;
1335             break;
1336         case 'P':
1337             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1338             if (pattern < 0) {
1339                 g_free(ctx);
1340                 return 0;
1341             }
1342             break;
1343         default:
1344             g_free(ctx);
1345             return command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1346         }
1347     }
1348 
1349     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1350         g_free(ctx);
1351         return command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1352     }
1353 
1354     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1355     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1356         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1357         g_free(ctx);
1358         return 0;
1359     }
1360     optind++;
1361 
1362     if (ctx->offset & 0x1ff) {
1363         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1364                ctx->offset);
1365         g_free(ctx);
1366         return 0;
1367     }
1368 
1369     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1370     ctx->buf = create_iovec(&ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1371     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1372         g_free(ctx);
1373         return 0;
1374     }
1375 
1376     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1377     bdrv_aio_writev(bs, ctx->offset >> 9, &ctx->qiov,
1378                     ctx->qiov.size >> 9, aio_write_done, ctx);
1379     return 0;
1380 }
1381 
1382 static int aio_flush_f(int argc, char **argv)
1383 {
1384     bdrv_drain_all();
1385     return 0;
1386 }
1387 
1388 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1389     .name       = "aio_flush",
1390     .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,
1391     .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
1392 };
1393 
1394 static int flush_f(int argc, char **argv)
1395 {
1396     bdrv_flush(bs);
1397     return 0;
1398 }
1399 
1400 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1401     .name       = "flush",
1402     .altname    = "f",
1403     .cfunc      = flush_f,
1404     .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1405 };
1406 
1407 static int truncate_f(int argc, char **argv)
1408 {
1409     int64_t offset;
1410     int ret;
1411 
1412     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1413     if (offset < 0) {
1414         printf("non-numeric truncate argument -- %s\n", argv[1]);
1415         return 0;
1416     }
1417 
1418     ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, offset);
1419     if (ret < 0) {
1420         printf("truncate: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1421         return 0;
1422     }
1423 
1424     return 0;
1425 }
1426 
1427 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1428     .name       = "truncate",
1429     .altname    = "t",
1430     .cfunc      = truncate_f,
1431     .argmin     = 1,
1432     .argmax     = 1,
1433     .args       = "off",
1434     .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1435 };
1436 
1437 static int length_f(int argc, char **argv)
1438 {
1439     int64_t size;
1440     char s1[64];
1441 
1442     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1443     if (size < 0) {
1444         printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
1445         return 0;
1446     }
1447 
1448     cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1449     printf("%s\n", s1);
1450     return 0;
1451 }
1452 
1453 
1454 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1455     .name   = "length",
1456     .altname    = "l",
1457     .cfunc      = length_f,
1458     .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",
1459 };
1460 
1461 
1462 static int info_f(int argc, char **argv)
1463 {
1464     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1465     char s1[64], s2[64];
1466     int ret;
1467 
1468     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
1469         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1470     }
1471     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
1472         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1473     }
1474 
1475     ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1476     if (ret) {
1477         return 0;
1478     }
1479 
1480     cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1481     cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1482 
1483     printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1484     printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1485 
1486     return 0;
1487 }
1488 
1489 
1490 
1491 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1492     .name       = "info",
1493     .altname    = "i",
1494     .cfunc      = info_f,
1495     .oneline    = "prints information about the current file",
1496 };
1497 
1498 static void discard_help(void)
1499 {
1500     printf(
1501 "\n"
1502 " discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1503 "\n"
1504 " Example:\n"
1505 " 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1506 "\n"
1507 " Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
1508 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1509 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1510 "\n");
1511 }
1512 
1513 static int discard_f(int argc, char **argv);
1514 
1515 static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
1516     .name       = "discard",
1517     .altname    = "d",
1518     .cfunc      = discard_f,
1519     .argmin     = 2,
1520     .argmax     = -1,
1521     .args       = "[-Cq] off len",
1522     .oneline    = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1523     .help       = discard_help,
1524 };
1525 
1526 static int discard_f(int argc, char **argv)
1527 {
1528     struct timeval t1, t2;
1529     int Cflag = 0, qflag = 0;
1530     int c, ret;
1531     int64_t offset;
1532     int count;
1533 
1534     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != EOF) {
1535         switch (c) {
1536         case 'C':
1537             Cflag = 1;
1538             break;
1539         case 'q':
1540             qflag = 1;
1541             break;
1542         default:
1543             return command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1544         }
1545     }
1546 
1547     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1548         return command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1549     }
1550 
1551     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1552     if (offset < 0) {
1553         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1554         return 0;
1555     }
1556 
1557     optind++;
1558     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1559     if (count < 0) {
1560         printf("non-numeric length argument -- %s\n", argv[optind]);
1561         return 0;
1562     }
1563 
1564     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1565     ret = bdrv_discard(bs, offset >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1566                        count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
1567     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1568 
1569     if (ret < 0) {
1570         printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1571         goto out;
1572     }
1573 
1574     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1575     if (!qflag) {
1576         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1577         print_report("discard", &t2, offset, count, count, 1, Cflag);
1578     }
1579 
1580 out:
1581     return 0;
1582 }
1583 
1584 static int alloc_f(int argc, char **argv)
1585 {
1586     int64_t offset, sector_num;
1587     int nb_sectors, remaining;
1588     char s1[64];
1589     int num, sum_alloc;
1590     int ret;
1591 
1592     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1593     if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1594         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1595                offset);
1596         return 0;
1597     }
1598 
1599     if (argc == 3) {
1600         nb_sectors = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1601     } else {
1602         nb_sectors = 1;
1603     }
1604 
1605     remaining = nb_sectors;
1606     sum_alloc = 0;
1607     sector_num = offset >> 9;
1608     while (remaining) {
1609         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, remaining, &num);
1610         sector_num += num;
1611         remaining -= num;
1612         if (ret) {
1613             sum_alloc += num;
1614         }
1615         if (num == 0) {
1616             nb_sectors -= remaining;
1617             remaining = 0;
1618         }
1619     }
1620 
1621     cvtstr(offset, s1, sizeof(s1));
1622 
1623     printf("%d/%d sectors allocated at offset %s\n",
1624            sum_alloc, nb_sectors, s1);
1625     return 0;
1626 }
1627 
1628 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1629     .name       = "alloc",
1630     .altname    = "a",
1631     .argmin     = 1,
1632     .argmax     = 2,
1633     .cfunc      = alloc_f,
1634     .args       = "off [sectors]",
1635     .oneline    = "checks if a sector is present in the file",
1636 };
1637 
1638 static int map_f(int argc, char **argv)
1639 {
1640     int64_t offset;
1641     int64_t nb_sectors;
1642     char s1[64];
1643     int num, num_checked;
1644     int ret;
1645     const char *retstr;
1646 
1647     offset = 0;
1648     nb_sectors = bs->total_sectors;
1649 
1650     do {
1651         num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1652         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, num_checked, &num);
1653         retstr = ret ? "    allocated" : "not allocated";
1654         cvtstr(offset << 9ULL, s1, sizeof(s1));
1655         printf("[% 24" PRId64 "] % 8d/% 8d sectors %s at offset %s (%d)\n",
1656                offset << 9ULL, num, num_checked, retstr, s1, ret);
1657 
1658         offset += num;
1659         nb_sectors -= num;
1660     } while (offset < bs->total_sectors);
1661 
1662     return 0;
1663 }
1664 
1665 static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
1666        .name           = "map",
1667        .argmin         = 0,
1668        .argmax         = 0,
1669        .cfunc          = map_f,
1670        .args           = "",
1671        .oneline        = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
1672 };
1673 
1674 static int break_f(int argc, char **argv)
1675 {
1676     int ret;
1677 
1678     ret = bdrv_debug_breakpoint(bs, argv[1], argv[2]);
1679     if (ret < 0) {
1680         printf("Could not set breakpoint: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1681     }
1682 
1683     return 0;
1684 }
1685 
1686 static const cmdinfo_t break_cmd = {
1687        .name           = "break",
1688        .argmin         = 2,
1689        .argmax         = 2,
1690        .cfunc          = break_f,
1691        .args           = "event tag",
1692        .oneline        = "sets a breakpoint on event and tags the stopped "
1693                          "request as tag",
1694 };
1695 
1696 static int resume_f(int argc, char **argv)
1697 {
1698     int ret;
1699 
1700     ret = bdrv_debug_resume(bs, argv[1]);
1701     if (ret < 0) {
1702         printf("Could not resume request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1703     }
1704 
1705     return 0;
1706 }
1707 
1708 static const cmdinfo_t resume_cmd = {
1709        .name           = "resume",
1710        .argmin         = 1,
1711        .argmax         = 1,
1712        .cfunc          = resume_f,
1713        .args           = "tag",
1714        .oneline        = "resumes the request tagged as tag",
1715 };
1716 
1717 static int wait_break_f(int argc, char **argv)
1718 {
1719     while (!bdrv_debug_is_suspended(bs, argv[1])) {
1720         qemu_aio_wait();
1721     }
1722 
1723     return 0;
1724 }
1725 
1726 static const cmdinfo_t wait_break_cmd = {
1727        .name           = "wait_break",
1728        .argmin         = 1,
1729        .argmax         = 1,
1730        .cfunc          = wait_break_f,
1731        .args           = "tag",
1732        .oneline        = "waits for the suspension of a request",
1733 };
1734 
1735 static int abort_f(int argc, char **argv)
1736 {
1737     abort();
1738 }
1739 
1740 static const cmdinfo_t abort_cmd = {
1741        .name           = "abort",
1742        .cfunc          = abort_f,
1743        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
1744        .oneline        = "simulate a program crash using abort(3)",
1745 };
1746 
1747 static int close_f(int argc, char **argv)
1748 {
1749     bdrv_delete(bs);
1750     bs = NULL;
1751     return 0;
1752 }
1753 
1754 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = {
1755     .name       = "close",
1756     .altname    = "c",
1757     .cfunc      = close_f,
1758     .oneline    = "close the current open file",
1759 };
1760 
1761 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, int growable)
1762 {
1763     if (bs) {
1764         fprintf(stderr, "file open already, try 'help close'\n");
1765         return 1;
1766     }
1767 
1768     if (growable) {
1769         if (bdrv_file_open(&bs, name, NULL, flags)) {
1770             fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open device %s\n", progname, name);
1771             return 1;
1772         }
1773     } else {
1774         bs = bdrv_new("hda");
1775 
1776         if (bdrv_open(bs, name, NULL, flags, NULL) < 0) {
1777             fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open device %s\n", progname, name);
1778             bdrv_delete(bs);
1779             bs = NULL;
1780             return 1;
1781         }
1782     }
1783 
1784     return 0;
1785 }
1786 
1787 static void open_help(void)
1788 {
1789     printf(
1790 "\n"
1791 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n"
1792 "\n"
1793 " Example:\n"
1794 " 'open -Cn /tmp/data' - creates/opens data file read-write and uncached\n"
1795 "\n"
1796 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n"
1797 " -r, -- open file read-only\n"
1798 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n"
1799 " -n, -- disable host cache\n"
1800 " -g, -- allow file to grow (only applies to protocols)"
1801 "\n");
1802 }
1803 
1804 static int open_f(int argc, char **argv);
1805 
1806 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = {
1807     .name       = "open",
1808     .altname    = "o",
1809     .cfunc      = open_f,
1810     .argmin     = 1,
1811     .argmax     = -1,
1812     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
1813     .args       = "[-Crsn] [path]",
1814     .oneline    = "open the file specified by path",
1815     .help       = open_help,
1816 };
1817 
1818 static int open_f(int argc, char **argv)
1819 {
1820     int flags = 0;
1821     int readonly = 0;
1822     int growable = 0;
1823     int c;
1824 
1825     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snrg")) != EOF) {
1826         switch (c) {
1827         case 's':
1828             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
1829             break;
1830         case 'n':
1831             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
1832             break;
1833         case 'r':
1834             readonly = 1;
1835             break;
1836         case 'g':
1837             growable = 1;
1838             break;
1839         default:
1840             return command_usage(&open_cmd);
1841         }
1842     }
1843 
1844     if (!readonly) {
1845         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
1846     }
1847 
1848     if (optind != argc - 1) {
1849         return command_usage(&open_cmd);
1850     }
1851 
1852     return openfile(argv[optind], flags, growable);
1853 }
1854 
1855 static int init_args_command(int index)
1856 {
1857     /* only one device allowed so far */
1858     if (index >= 1) {
1859         return 0;
1860     }
1861     return ++index;
1862 }
1863 
1864 static int init_check_command(const cmdinfo_t *ct)
1865 {
1866     if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
1867         return 1;
1868     }
1869     if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !bs) {
1870         fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
1871         return 0;
1872     }
1873     return 1;
1874 }
1875 
1876 static void usage(const char *name)
1877 {
1878     printf(
1879 "Usage: %s [-h] [-V] [-rsnm] [-c cmd] ... [file]\n"
1880 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n"
1881 "\n"
1882 "  -c, --cmd            command to execute\n"
1883 "  -r, --read-only      export read-only\n"
1884 "  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file\n"
1885 "  -n, --nocache        disable host cache\n"
1886 "  -g, --growable       allow file to grow (only applies to protocols)\n"
1887 "  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n"
1888 "  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation (on Linux only)\n"
1889 "  -t, --cache=MODE     use the given cache mode for the image\n"
1890 "  -T, --trace FILE     enable trace events listed in the given file\n"
1891 "  -h, --help           display this help and exit\n"
1892 "  -V, --version        output version information and exit\n"
1893 "\n",
1894     name);
1895 }
1896 
1897 
1898 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1899 {
1900     int readonly = 0;
1901     int growable = 0;
1902     const char *sopt = "hVc:d:rsnmgkt:T:";
1903     const struct option lopt[] = {
1904         { "help", 0, NULL, 'h' },
1905         { "version", 0, NULL, 'V' },
1906         { "offset", 1, NULL, 'o' },
1907         { "cmd", 1, NULL, 'c' },
1908         { "read-only", 0, NULL, 'r' },
1909         { "snapshot", 0, NULL, 's' },
1910         { "nocache", 0, NULL, 'n' },
1911         { "misalign", 0, NULL, 'm' },
1912         { "growable", 0, NULL, 'g' },
1913         { "native-aio", 0, NULL, 'k' },
1914         { "discard", 1, NULL, 'd' },
1915         { "cache", 1, NULL, 't' },
1916         { "trace", 1, NULL, 'T' },
1917         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
1918     };
1919     int c;
1920     int opt_index = 0;
1921     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
1922 
1923     progname = basename(argv[0]);
1924 
1925     while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) {
1926         switch (c) {
1927         case 's':
1928             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
1929             break;
1930         case 'n':
1931             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE | BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
1932             break;
1933         case 'd':
1934             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
1935                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
1936                 exit(1);
1937             }
1938             break;
1939         case 'c':
1940             add_user_command(optarg);
1941             break;
1942         case 'r':
1943             readonly = 1;
1944             break;
1945         case 'm':
1946             misalign = 1;
1947             break;
1948         case 'g':
1949             growable = 1;
1950             break;
1951         case 'k':
1952             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
1953             break;
1954         case 't':
1955             if (bdrv_parse_cache_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
1956                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
1957                 exit(1);
1958             }
1959             break;
1960         case 'T':
1961             if (!trace_backend_init(optarg, NULL)) {
1962                 exit(1); /* error message will have been printed */
1963             }
1964             break;
1965         case 'V':
1966             printf("%s version %s\n", progname, VERSION);
1967             exit(0);
1968         case 'h':
1969             usage(progname);
1970             exit(0);
1971         default:
1972             usage(progname);
1973             exit(1);
1974         }
1975     }
1976 
1977     if ((argc - optind) > 1) {
1978         usage(progname);
1979         exit(1);
1980     }
1981 
1982     qemu_init_main_loop();
1983     bdrv_init();
1984 
1985     /* initialize commands */
1986     quit_init();
1987     help_init();
1988     add_command(&open_cmd);
1989     add_command(&close_cmd);
1990     add_command(&read_cmd);
1991     add_command(&readv_cmd);
1992     add_command(&write_cmd);
1993     add_command(&writev_cmd);
1994     add_command(&multiwrite_cmd);
1995     add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
1996     add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
1997     add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
1998     add_command(&flush_cmd);
1999     add_command(&truncate_cmd);
2000     add_command(&length_cmd);
2001     add_command(&info_cmd);
2002     add_command(&discard_cmd);
2003     add_command(&alloc_cmd);
2004     add_command(&map_cmd);
2005     add_command(&break_cmd);
2006     add_command(&resume_cmd);
2007     add_command(&wait_break_cmd);
2008     add_command(&abort_cmd);
2009 
2010     add_args_command(init_args_command);
2011     add_check_command(init_check_command);
2012 
2013     /* open the device */
2014     if (!readonly) {
2015         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
2016     }
2017 
2018     if ((argc - optind) == 1) {
2019         openfile(argv[optind], flags, growable);
2020     }
2021     command_loop();
2022 
2023     /*
2024      * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits.
2025      */
2026     bdrv_drain_all();
2027 
2028     if (bs) {
2029         bdrv_delete(bs);
2030     }
2031     return 0;
2032 }
2033