xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-io.c (revision b49f4755)
1 /*
2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
6  *
7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
9  */
10 
11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
12 #include <getopt.h>
13 #include <libgen.h>
14 #ifndef _WIN32
15 #include <termios.h>
16 #endif
17 
18 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
19 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
20 #include "qapi/error.h"
21 #include "qemu-io.h"
22 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
23 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
24 #include "qemu/module.h"
25 #include "qemu/option.h"
26 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
27 #include "qemu/readline.h"
28 #include "qemu/log.h"
29 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
30 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
31 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
32 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
33 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
34 #include "block/block_int.h"
35 #include "trace/control.h"
36 #include "crypto/init.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 
39 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
40 
41 static BlockBackend *qemuio_blk;
42 static bool quit_qemu_io;
43 
44 /* qemu-io commands passed using -c */
45 static int ncmdline;
46 static char **cmdline;
47 static bool imageOpts;
48 
49 static ReadLineState *readline_state;
50 
51 static int ttyEOF;
52 
get_eof_char(void)53 static int get_eof_char(void)
54 {
55 #ifdef _WIN32
56     return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
57 #else
58     struct termios tty;
59     if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty) != 0) {
60         if (errno == ENOTTY) {
61             return 0x0; /* just expect read() == 0 */
62         } else {
63             return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
64         }
65     }
66 
67     return tty.c_cc[VEOF];
68 #endif
69 }
70 
close_f(BlockBackend * blk,int argc,char ** argv)71 static int close_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
72 {
73     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
74     qemuio_blk = NULL;
75     return 0;
76 }
77 
78 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = {
79     .name       = "close",
80     .altname    = "c",
81     .cfunc      = close_f,
82     .oneline    = "close the current open file",
83 };
84 
openfile(char * name,int flags,bool writethrough,bool force_share,QDict * opts)85 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, bool writethrough, bool force_share,
86                     QDict *opts)
87 {
88     Error *local_err = NULL;
89 
90     if (qemuio_blk) {
91         error_report("file open already, try 'help close'");
92         qobject_unref(opts);
93         return 1;
94     }
95 
96     if (force_share) {
97         if (!opts) {
98             opts = qdict_new();
99         }
100         if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
101             && strcmp(qdict_get_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
102             error_report("-U conflicts with image options");
103             qobject_unref(opts);
104             return 1;
105         }
106         qdict_put_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
107     }
108     qemuio_blk = blk_new_open(name, NULL, opts, flags, &local_err);
109     if (!qemuio_blk) {
110         error_reportf_err(local_err, "can't open%s%s: ",
111                           name ? " device " : "", name ?: "");
112         return 1;
113     }
114 
115     blk_set_enable_write_cache(qemuio_blk, !writethrough);
116 
117     return 0;
118 }
119 
open_help(void)120 static void open_help(void)
121 {
122     printf(
123 "\n"
124 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n"
125 "\n"
126 " Example:\n"
127 " 'open -n -o driver=raw /tmp/data' - opens raw data file read-write, uncached\n"
128 "\n"
129 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n"
130 " -r, -- open file read-only\n"
131 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n"
132 " -C, -- use copy-on-read\n"
133 " -n, -- disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
134 " -U, -- force shared permissions\n"
135 " -k, -- use kernel AIO implementation (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n"
136 " -i, -- use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n"
137 " -t, -- use the given cache mode for the image\n"
138 " -d, -- use the given discard mode for the image\n"
139 " -o, -- options to be given to the block driver"
140 "\n");
141 }
142 
143 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
144 
145 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = {
146     .name       = "open",
147     .altname    = "o",
148     .cfunc      = open_f,
149     .argmin     = 1,
150     .argmax     = -1,
151     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
152     .args       = "[-rsCnkU] [-t cache] [-d discard] [-o options] [path]",
153     .oneline    = "open the file specified by path",
154     .help       = open_help,
155 };
156 
157 static QemuOptsList empty_opts = {
158     .name = "drive",
159     .merge_lists = true,
160     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(empty_opts.head),
161     .desc = {
162         /* no elements => accept any params */
163         { /* end of list */ }
164     },
165 };
166 
open_f(BlockBackend * blk,int argc,char ** argv)167 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
168 {
169     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
170     int readonly = 0;
171     bool writethrough = true;
172     int c;
173     int ret;
174     QemuOpts *qopts;
175     QDict *opts;
176     bool force_share = false;
177 
178     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snCro:ki:t:d:U")) != -1) {
179         switch (c) {
180         case 's':
181             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
182             break;
183         case 'n':
184             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
185             writethrough = false;
186             break;
187         case 'C':
188             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
189             break;
190         case 'r':
191             readonly = 1;
192             break;
193         case 'k':
194             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
195             break;
196         case 't':
197             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
198                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
199                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
200                 return -EINVAL;
201             }
202             break;
203         case 'd':
204             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
205                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
206                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
207                 return -EINVAL;
208             }
209             break;
210         case 'i':
211             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
212                 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
213                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
214                 return -EINVAL;
215             }
216             break;
217         case 'o':
218             if (imageOpts) {
219                 printf("--image-opts and 'open -o' are mutually exclusive\n");
220                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
221                 return -EINVAL;
222             }
223             if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, optarg, false)) {
224                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
225                 return -EINVAL;
226             }
227             break;
228         case 'U':
229             force_share = true;
230             break;
231         default:
232             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
233             qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
234             return -EINVAL;
235         }
236     }
237 
238     if (!readonly) {
239         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
240     }
241 
242     if (imageOpts && (optind == argc - 1)) {
243         if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, argv[optind], false)) {
244             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
245             return -EINVAL;
246         }
247         optind++;
248     }
249 
250     qopts = qemu_opts_find(&empty_opts, NULL);
251     opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL;
252     qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
253 
254     if (optind == argc - 1) {
255         ret = openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
256     } else if (optind == argc) {
257         ret = openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
258     } else {
259         qobject_unref(opts);
260         qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
261         return -EINVAL;
262     }
263 
264     if (ret) {
265         return -EINVAL;
266     }
267 
268     return 0;
269 }
270 
quit_f(BlockBackend * blk,int argc,char ** argv)271 static int quit_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
272 {
273     quit_qemu_io = true;
274     return 0;
275 }
276 
277 static const cmdinfo_t quit_cmd = {
278     .name       = "quit",
279     .altname    = "q",
280     .cfunc      = quit_f,
281     .argmin     = -1,
282     .argmax     = -1,
283     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
284     .oneline    = "exit the program",
285 };
286 
usage(const char * name)287 static void usage(const char *name)
288 {
289     printf(
290 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS]... [-c STRING]... [file]\n"
291 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n"
292 "\n"
293 "  --object OBJECTDEF   define an object such as 'secret' for\n"
294 "                       passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
295 "  --image-opts         treat file as option string\n"
296 "  -c, --cmd STRING     execute command with its arguments\n"
297 "                       from the given string\n"
298 "  -f, --format FMT     specifies the block driver to use\n"
299 "  -r, --read-only      export read-only\n"
300 "  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file\n"
301 "  -n, --nocache        disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
302 "  -C, --copy-on-read   enable copy-on-read\n"
303 "  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n"
304 "  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation\n"
305 "                       (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n"
306 "  -i, --aio=MODE       use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n"
307 "  -t, --cache=MODE     use the given cache mode for the image\n"
308 "  -d, --discard=MODE   use the given discard mode for the image\n"
309 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
310 "                       specify tracing options\n"
311 "                       see qemu-img(1) man page for full description\n"
312 "  -U, --force-share    force shared permissions\n"
313 "  -h, --help           display this help and exit\n"
314 "  -V, --version        output version information and exit\n"
315 "\n"
316 "See '%s -c help' for information on available commands.\n"
317 "\n"
318 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n",
319     name, name);
320 }
321 
get_prompt(void)322 static char *get_prompt(void)
323 {
324     static char prompt[FILENAME_MAX + 2 /*"> "*/ + 1 /*"\0"*/ ];
325 
326     if (!prompt[0]) {
327         snprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), "%s> ", g_get_prgname());
328     }
329 
330     return prompt;
331 }
332 
readline_printf_func(void * opaque,const char * fmt,...)333 static void G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3) readline_printf_func(void *opaque,
334                                                     const char *fmt, ...)
335 {
336     va_list ap;
337     va_start(ap, fmt);
338     vprintf(fmt, ap);
339     va_end(ap);
340 }
341 
readline_flush_func(void * opaque)342 static void readline_flush_func(void *opaque)
343 {
344     fflush(stdout);
345 }
346 
readline_func(void * opaque,const char * str,void * readline_opaque)347 static void readline_func(void *opaque, const char *str, void *readline_opaque)
348 {
349     char **line = readline_opaque;
350     *line = g_strdup(str);
351 }
352 
completion_match(const char * cmd,void * opaque)353 static void completion_match(const char *cmd, void *opaque)
354 {
355     readline_add_completion(readline_state, cmd);
356 }
357 
readline_completion_func(void * opaque,const char * str)358 static void readline_completion_func(void *opaque, const char *str)
359 {
360     readline_set_completion_index(readline_state, strlen(str));
361     qemuio_complete_command(str, completion_match, NULL);
362 }
363 
fetchline_readline(void)364 static char *fetchline_readline(void)
365 {
366     char *line = NULL;
367 
368     readline_start(readline_state, get_prompt(), 0, readline_func, &line);
369     while (!line) {
370         int ch = getchar();
371         if (ttyEOF != 0x0 && ch == ttyEOF) {
372             printf("\n");
373             break;
374         }
375         readline_handle_byte(readline_state, ch);
376     }
377     return line;
378 }
379 
380 #define MAXREADLINESZ 1024
fetchline_fgets(void)381 static char *fetchline_fgets(void)
382 {
383     char *p, *line = g_malloc(MAXREADLINESZ);
384 
385     if (!fgets(line, MAXREADLINESZ, stdin)) {
386         g_free(line);
387         return NULL;
388     }
389 
390     p = line + strlen(line);
391     if (p != line && p[-1] == '\n') {
392         p[-1] = '\0';
393     }
394 
395     return line;
396 }
397 
fetchline(void)398 static char *fetchline(void)
399 {
400     if (readline_state) {
401         return fetchline_readline();
402     } else {
403         return fetchline_fgets();
404     }
405 }
406 
prep_fetchline(void * opaque)407 static void prep_fetchline(void *opaque)
408 {
409     int *fetchable = opaque;
410 
411     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
412     *fetchable= 1;
413 }
414 
do_qemuio_command(const char * cmd)415 static int do_qemuio_command(const char *cmd)
416 {
417     return qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, cmd);
418 }
419 
command_loop(void)420 static int command_loop(void)
421 {
422     int i, fetchable = 0, prompted = 0;
423     int ret, last_error = 0;
424     char *input;
425 
426     for (i = 0; !quit_qemu_io && i < ncmdline; i++) {
427         ret = do_qemuio_command(cmdline[i]);
428         if (ret < 0) {
429             last_error = ret;
430         }
431     }
432     if (cmdline) {
433         g_free(cmdline);
434         return last_error;
435     }
436 
437     while (!quit_qemu_io) {
438         if (!prompted) {
439             printf("%s", get_prompt());
440             fflush(stdout);
441             qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, prep_fetchline, NULL, &fetchable);
442             prompted = 1;
443         }
444 
445         main_loop_wait(false);
446 
447         if (!fetchable) {
448             continue;
449         }
450 
451         input = fetchline();
452         if (input == NULL) {
453             break;
454         }
455         ret = do_qemuio_command(input);
456         g_free(input);
457 
458         if (ret < 0) {
459             last_error = ret;
460         }
461 
462         prompted = 0;
463         fetchable = 0;
464     }
465     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
466 
467     return last_error;
468 }
469 
add_user_command(char * user_cmd)470 static void add_user_command(char *user_cmd)
471 {
472     cmdline = g_renew(char *, cmdline, ++ncmdline);
473     cmdline[ncmdline - 1] = user_cmd;
474 }
475 
reenable_tty_echo(void)476 static void reenable_tty_echo(void)
477 {
478     qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, true);
479 }
480 
481 enum {
482     OPTION_OBJECT = 256,
483     OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 257,
484 };
485 
486 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
487     .name = "file",
488     .implied_opt_name = "file",
489     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
490     .desc = {
491         /* no elements => accept any params */
492         { /* end of list */ }
493     },
494 };
495 
main(int argc,char ** argv)496 int main(int argc, char **argv)
497 {
498     int readonly = 0;
499     const char *sopt = "hVc:d:f:rsnCmki:t:T:U";
500     const struct option lopt[] = {
501         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
502         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
503         { "cmd", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
504         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
505         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
506         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
507         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
508         { "copy-on-read", no_argument, NULL, 'C' },
509         { "misalign", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
510         { "native-aio", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
511         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
512         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
513         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, 't' },
514         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
515         { "object", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_OBJECT },
516         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS },
517         { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
518         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
519     };
520     int c;
521     int opt_index = 0;
522     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
523     int ret;
524     bool writethrough = true;
525     QDict *opts = NULL;
526     const char *format = NULL;
527     bool force_share = false;
528 
529 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
530     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
531 #endif
532 
533     socket_init();
534     error_init(argv[0]);
535     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
536     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
537 
538     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
539 
540     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
541     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
542     bdrv_init();
543 
544     while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) {
545         switch (c) {
546         case 's':
547             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
548             break;
549         case 'n':
550             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
551             writethrough = false;
552             break;
553         case 'C':
554             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
555             break;
556         case 'd':
557             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
558                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
559                 exit(1);
560             }
561             break;
562         case 'f':
563             format = optarg;
564             break;
565         case 'c':
566             add_user_command(optarg);
567             break;
568         case 'r':
569             readonly = 1;
570             break;
571         case 'm':
572             qemuio_misalign = true;
573             break;
574         case 'k':
575             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
576             break;
577         case 'i':
578             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
579                 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
580                 exit(1);
581             }
582             break;
583         case 't':
584             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
585                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
586                 exit(1);
587             }
588             break;
589         case 'T':
590             trace_opt_parse(optarg);
591             break;
592         case 'V':
593             printf("%s version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
594                    QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n", g_get_prgname());
595             exit(0);
596         case 'h':
597             usage(g_get_prgname());
598             exit(0);
599         case 'U':
600             force_share = true;
601             break;
602         case OPTION_OBJECT:
603             user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
604             break;
605         case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
606             imageOpts = true;
607             break;
608         default:
609             usage(g_get_prgname());
610             exit(1);
611         }
612     }
613 
614     if ((argc - optind) > 1) {
615         usage(g_get_prgname());
616         exit(1);
617     }
618 
619     if (format && imageOpts) {
620         error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
621         exit(1);
622     }
623 
624     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
625 
626     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
627         exit(1);
628     }
629     trace_init_file();
630     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE, &error_fatal);
631 
632     /* initialize commands */
633     qemuio_add_command(&quit_cmd);
634     qemuio_add_command(&open_cmd);
635     qemuio_add_command(&close_cmd);
636 
637     if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
638         ttyEOF = get_eof_char();
639         readline_state = readline_init(readline_printf_func,
640                                        readline_flush_func,
641                                        NULL,
642                                        readline_completion_func);
643         qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, false);
644         atexit(reenable_tty_echo);
645     }
646 
647     /* open the device */
648     if (!readonly) {
649         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
650     }
651 
652     if ((argc - optind) == 1) {
653         if (imageOpts) {
654             QemuOpts *qopts = NULL;
655             qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, argv[optind], false);
656             if (!qopts) {
657                 exit(1);
658             }
659             opts = qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL);
660             if (openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts)) {
661                 exit(1);
662             }
663         } else {
664             if (format) {
665                 opts = qdict_new();
666                 qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", format);
667             }
668             if (openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough,
669                          force_share, opts)) {
670                 exit(1);
671             }
672         }
673     }
674     ret = command_loop();
675 
676     /*
677      * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits.
678      */
679     bdrv_drain_all();
680 
681     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
682     g_free(readline_state);
683 
684     if (ret < 0) {
685         return 1;
686     } else {
687         return 0;
688     }
689 }
690