xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-io-cmds.c (revision b1f4cd15)
1 /*
2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
6  *
7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
9  */
10 
11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
12 #include "qapi/error.h"
13 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
14 #include "qemu-io.h"
15 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
16 #include "block/block.h"
17 #include "block/block_int.h" /* for info_f() */
18 #include "block/qapi.h"
19 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
20 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
21 #include "qemu/option.h"
22 #include "qemu/timer.h"
23 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
24 #include "qemu/memalign.h"
25 
26 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
27 
28 bool qemuio_misalign;
29 
30 static cmdinfo_t *cmdtab;
31 static int ncmds;
32 
33 static int compare_cmdname(const void *a, const void *b)
34 {
35     return strcmp(((const cmdinfo_t *)a)->name,
36                   ((const cmdinfo_t *)b)->name);
37 }
38 
39 void qemuio_add_command(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
40 {
41     /* ci->perm assumes a file is open, but the GLOBAL and NOFILE_OK
42      * flags allow it not to be, so that combination is invalid.
43      * Catch it now rather than letting it manifest as a crash if a
44      * particular set of command line options are used.
45      */
46     assert(ci->perm == 0 ||
47            (ci->flags & (CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL | CMD_NOFILE_OK)) == 0);
48     cmdtab = g_renew(cmdinfo_t, cmdtab, ++ncmds);
49     cmdtab[ncmds - 1] = *ci;
50     qsort(cmdtab, ncmds, sizeof(*cmdtab), compare_cmdname);
51 }
52 
53 void qemuio_command_usage(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
54 {
55     printf("%s %s -- %s\n", ci->name, ci->args, ci->oneline);
56 }
57 
58 static int init_check_command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
59 {
60     if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
61         return 1;
62     }
63     if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !blk) {
64         fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
65         return 0;
66     }
67     return 1;
68 }
69 
70 static int command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct, int argc,
71                    char **argv)
72 {
73     char *cmd = argv[0];
74 
75     if (!init_check_command(blk, ct)) {
76         return -EINVAL;
77     }
78 
79     if (argc - 1 < ct->argmin || (ct->argmax != -1 && argc - 1 > ct->argmax)) {
80         if (ct->argmax == -1) {
81             fprintf(stderr,
82                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected at least %d arguments\n",
83                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
84         } else if (ct->argmin == ct->argmax) {
85             fprintf(stderr,
86                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected %d arguments\n",
87                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
88         } else {
89             fprintf(stderr,
90                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected between %d and %d arguments\n",
91                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin, ct->argmax);
92         }
93         return -EINVAL;
94     }
95 
96     /*
97      * Request additional permissions if necessary for this command. The caller
98      * is responsible for restoring the original permissions afterwards if this
99      * is what it wants.
100      *
101      * Coverity thinks that blk may be NULL in the following if condition. It's
102      * not so: in init_check_command() we fail if blk is NULL for command with
103      * both CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL and CMD_NOFILE_OK flags unset. And in
104      * qemuio_add_command() we assert that command with non-zero .perm field
105      * doesn't set this flags. So, the following assertion is to silence
106      * Coverity:
107      */
108     assert(blk || !ct->perm);
109     if (ct->perm && blk_is_available(blk)) {
110         uint64_t orig_perm, orig_shared_perm;
111         blk_get_perm(blk, &orig_perm, &orig_shared_perm);
112 
113         if (ct->perm & ~orig_perm) {
114             uint64_t new_perm;
115             Error *local_err = NULL;
116             int ret;
117 
118             new_perm = orig_perm | ct->perm;
119 
120             ret = blk_set_perm(blk, new_perm, orig_shared_perm, &local_err);
121             if (ret < 0) {
122                 error_report_err(local_err);
123                 return ret;
124             }
125         }
126     }
127 
128     qemu_reset_optind();
129     return ct->cfunc(blk, argc, argv);
130 }
131 
132 static const cmdinfo_t *find_command(const char *cmd)
133 {
134     cmdinfo_t *ct;
135 
136     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
137         if (strcmp(ct->name, cmd) == 0 ||
138             (ct->altname && strcmp(ct->altname, cmd) == 0))
139         {
140             return (const cmdinfo_t *)ct;
141         }
142     }
143     return NULL;
144 }
145 
146 /* Invoke fn() for commands with a matching prefix */
147 void qemuio_complete_command(const char *input,
148                              void (*fn)(const char *cmd, void *opaque),
149                              void *opaque)
150 {
151     cmdinfo_t *ct;
152     size_t input_len = strlen(input);
153 
154     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
155         if (strncmp(input, ct->name, input_len) == 0) {
156             fn(ct->name, opaque);
157         }
158     }
159 }
160 
161 static char **breakline(char *input, int *count)
162 {
163     int c = 0;
164     char *p;
165     char **rval = g_new0(char *, 1);
166 
167     while (rval && (p = qemu_strsep(&input, " ")) != NULL) {
168         if (!*p) {
169             continue;
170         }
171         c++;
172         rval = g_renew(char *, rval, (c + 1));
173         rval[c - 1] = p;
174         rval[c] = NULL;
175     }
176     *count = c;
177     return rval;
178 }
179 
180 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
181 {
182     int err;
183     uint64_t value;
184 
185     err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
186     if (err < 0) {
187         return err;
188     }
189     if (value > INT64_MAX) {
190         return -ERANGE;
191     }
192     return value;
193 }
194 
195 static void print_cvtnum_err(int64_t rc, const char *arg)
196 {
197     switch (rc) {
198     case -EINVAL:
199         printf("Parsing error: non-numeric argument,"
200                " or extraneous/unrecognized suffix -- %s\n", arg);
201         break;
202     case -ERANGE:
203         printf("Parsing error: argument too large -- %s\n", arg);
204         break;
205     default:
206         printf("Parsing error: %s\n", arg);
207     }
208 }
209 
210 #define EXABYTES(x)     ((long long)(x) << 60)
211 #define PETABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 50)
212 #define TERABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 40)
213 #define GIGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 30)
214 #define MEGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 20)
215 #define KILOBYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 10)
216 
217 #define TO_EXABYTES(x)  ((x) / EXABYTES(1))
218 #define TO_PETABYTES(x) ((x) / PETABYTES(1))
219 #define TO_TERABYTES(x) ((x) / TERABYTES(1))
220 #define TO_GIGABYTES(x) ((x) / GIGABYTES(1))
221 #define TO_MEGABYTES(x) ((x) / MEGABYTES(1))
222 #define TO_KILOBYTES(x) ((x) / KILOBYTES(1))
223 
224 static void cvtstr(double value, char *str, size_t size)
225 {
226     char *trim;
227     const char *suffix;
228 
229     if (value >= EXABYTES(1)) {
230         suffix = " EiB";
231         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_EXABYTES(value));
232     } else if (value >= PETABYTES(1)) {
233         suffix = " PiB";
234         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_PETABYTES(value));
235     } else if (value >= TERABYTES(1)) {
236         suffix = " TiB";
237         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_TERABYTES(value));
238     } else if (value >= GIGABYTES(1)) {
239         suffix = " GiB";
240         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_GIGABYTES(value));
241     } else if (value >= MEGABYTES(1)) {
242         suffix = " MiB";
243         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_MEGABYTES(value));
244     } else if (value >= KILOBYTES(1)) {
245         suffix = " KiB";
246         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_KILOBYTES(value));
247     } else {
248         suffix = " bytes";
249         snprintf(str, size - 6, "%f", value);
250     }
251 
252     trim = strstr(str, ".000");
253     if (trim) {
254         strcpy(trim, suffix);
255     } else {
256         strcat(str, suffix);
257     }
258 }
259 
260 
261 
262 static struct timespec tsub(struct timespec t1, struct timespec t2)
263 {
264     t1.tv_nsec -= t2.tv_nsec;
265     if (t1.tv_nsec < 0) {
266         t1.tv_nsec += NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND;
267         t1.tv_sec--;
268     }
269     t1.tv_sec -= t2.tv_sec;
270     return t1;
271 }
272 
273 static double tdiv(double value, struct timespec tv)
274 {
275     double seconds = tv.tv_sec + (tv.tv_nsec / 1e9);
276     return value / seconds;
277 }
278 
279 #define HOURS(sec)      ((sec) / (60 * 60))
280 #define MINUTES(sec)    (((sec) % (60 * 60)) / 60)
281 #define SECONDS(sec)    ((sec) % 60)
282 
283 enum {
284     DEFAULT_TIME        = 0x0,
285     TERSE_FIXED_TIME    = 0x1,
286     VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME  = 0x2,
287 };
288 
289 static void timestr(struct timespec *tv, char *ts, size_t size, int format)
290 {
291     double frac_sec = tv->tv_nsec / 1e9;
292 
293     if (format & TERSE_FIXED_TIME) {
294         if (!HOURS(tv->tv_sec)) {
295             snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%05.2f",
296                      (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
297                      SECONDS(tv->tv_sec) + frac_sec);
298             return;
299         }
300         format |= VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME; /* fallback if hours needed */
301     }
302 
303     if ((format & VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME) || tv->tv_sec) {
304         snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u:%05.2f",
305                 (unsigned int) HOURS(tv->tv_sec),
306                 (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
307                  SECONDS(tv->tv_sec) + frac_sec);
308     } else {
309         snprintf(ts, size, "%05.2f sec", frac_sec);
310     }
311 }
312 
313 /*
314  * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
315  *
316  * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
317  * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
318  */
319 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
320 {
321     char *endptr = NULL;
322     long pattern;
323 
324     pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
325     if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
326         printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
327         return -1;
328     }
329 
330     return pattern;
331 }
332 
333 /*
334  * Memory allocation helpers.
335  *
336  * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
337  * that is specified on the command line.
338  */
339 
340 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16
341 static void *qemu_io_alloc(BlockBackend *blk, size_t len, int pattern)
342 {
343     void *buf;
344 
345     if (qemuio_misalign) {
346         len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
347     }
348     buf = blk_blockalign(blk, len);
349     memset(buf, pattern, len);
350     if (qemuio_misalign) {
351         buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
352     }
353     return buf;
354 }
355 
356 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
357 {
358     if (qemuio_misalign) {
359         p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
360     }
361     qemu_vfree(p);
362 }
363 
364 /*
365  * qemu_io_alloc_from_file()
366  *
367  * Allocates the buffer and populates it with the content of the given file
368  * up to @len bytes. If the file length is less than @len, then the buffer
369  * is populated with the file content cyclically.
370  *
371  * @blk - the block backend where the buffer content is going to be written to
372  * @len - the buffer length
373  * @file_name - the file to read the content from
374  *
375  * Returns: the buffer pointer on success
376  *          NULL on error
377  */
378 static void *qemu_io_alloc_from_file(BlockBackend *blk, size_t len,
379                                      const char *file_name)
380 {
381     char *buf, *buf_origin;
382     FILE *f = fopen(file_name, "r");
383     int pattern_len;
384 
385     if (!f) {
386         perror(file_name);
387         return NULL;
388     }
389 
390     if (qemuio_misalign) {
391         len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
392     }
393 
394     buf_origin = buf = blk_blockalign(blk, len);
395 
396     if (qemuio_misalign) {
397         buf_origin += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
398         buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
399         len -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
400     }
401 
402     pattern_len = fread(buf_origin, 1, len, f);
403 
404     if (ferror(f)) {
405         perror(file_name);
406         goto error;
407     }
408 
409     if (pattern_len == 0) {
410         fprintf(stderr, "%s: file is empty\n", file_name);
411         goto error;
412     }
413 
414     fclose(f);
415     f = NULL;
416 
417     if (len > pattern_len) {
418         len -= pattern_len;
419         buf += pattern_len;
420 
421         while (len > 0) {
422             size_t len_to_copy = MIN(pattern_len, len);
423 
424             memcpy(buf, buf_origin, len_to_copy);
425 
426             len -= len_to_copy;
427             buf += len_to_copy;
428         }
429     }
430 
431     return buf_origin;
432 
433 error:
434     qemu_io_free(buf_origin);
435     if (f) {
436         fclose(f);
437     }
438     return NULL;
439 }
440 
441 static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int64_t len)
442 {
443     uint64_t i;
444     int j;
445     const uint8_t *p;
446 
447     for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
448         const uint8_t *s = p;
449 
450         printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);
451         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
452             printf("%02x ", *p);
453         }
454         printf(" ");
455         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
456             if (isalnum(*s)) {
457                 printf("%c", *s);
458             } else {
459                 printf(".");
460             }
461         }
462         printf("\n");
463     }
464 }
465 
466 static void print_report(const char *op, struct timespec *t, int64_t offset,
467                          int64_t count, int64_t total, int cnt, bool Cflag)
468 {
469     char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
470 
471     timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
472     if (!Cflag) {
473         cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
474         cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
475         printf("%s %"PRId64"/%"PRId64" bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
476                op, total, count, offset);
477         printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
478                s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
479     } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
480         printf("%"PRId64",%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
481             total, cnt, ts,
482             tdiv((double)total, *t),
483             tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
484     }
485 }
486 
487 /*
488  * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
489  * vector matching it.
490  */
491 static void *
492 create_iovec(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov,
493              int pattern)
494 {
495     size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
496     size_t count = 0;
497     void *buf = NULL;
498     void *p;
499     int i;
500 
501     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
502         char *arg = argv[i];
503         int64_t len;
504 
505         len = cvtnum(arg);
506         if (len < 0) {
507             print_cvtnum_err(len, arg);
508             goto fail;
509         }
510 
511         if (len > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
512             printf("Argument '%s' exceeds maximum size %" PRIu64 "\n", arg,
513                    (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
514             goto fail;
515         }
516 
517         if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES - len) {
518             printf("The total number of bytes exceed the maximum size %" PRIu64
519                    "\n", (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
520             goto fail;
521         }
522 
523         sizes[i] = len;
524         count += len;
525     }
526 
527     qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
528 
529     buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
530 
531     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
532         qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
533         p += sizes[i];
534     }
535 
536 fail:
537     g_free(sizes);
538     return buf;
539 }
540 
541 static int do_pread(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
542                     int64_t bytes, int64_t *total)
543 {
544     int ret;
545 
546     if (bytes > INT_MAX) {
547         return -ERANGE;
548     }
549 
550     ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, bytes, (uint8_t *)buf, 0);
551     if (ret < 0) {
552         return ret;
553     }
554     *total = bytes;
555     return 1;
556 }
557 
558 static int do_pwrite(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
559                      int64_t bytes, int flags, int64_t *total)
560 {
561     int ret;
562 
563     if (bytes > INT_MAX) {
564         return -ERANGE;
565     }
566 
567     ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset, bytes, (uint8_t *)buf, flags);
568     if (ret < 0) {
569         return ret;
570     }
571     *total = bytes;
572     return 1;
573 }
574 
575 static int do_pwrite_zeroes(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
576                                int64_t bytes, int flags, int64_t *total)
577 {
578     int ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset, bytes,
579                                 flags | BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE);
580 
581     if (ret < 0) {
582         return ret;
583     }
584     *total = bytes;
585     return 1;
586 }
587 
588 static int do_write_compressed(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
589                                int64_t bytes, int64_t *total)
590 {
591     int ret;
592 
593     if (bytes > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
594         return -ERANGE;
595     }
596 
597     ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(blk, offset, bytes, buf);
598     if (ret < 0) {
599         return ret;
600     }
601     *total = bytes;
602     return 1;
603 }
604 
605 static int do_load_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
606                            int64_t count, int64_t *total)
607 {
608     if (count > INT_MAX) {
609         return -ERANGE;
610     }
611 
612     *total = blk_load_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
613     if (*total < 0) {
614         return *total;
615     }
616     return 1;
617 }
618 
619 static int do_save_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
620                            int64_t count, int64_t *total)
621 {
622     if (count > INT_MAX) {
623         return -ERANGE;
624     }
625 
626     *total = blk_save_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
627     if (*total < 0) {
628         return *total;
629     }
630     return 1;
631 }
632 
633 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
634 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
635 {
636     *(int *)opaque = ret;
637 }
638 
639 static int do_aio_readv(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
640                         int64_t offset, int *total)
641 {
642     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
643 
644     blk_aio_preadv(blk, offset, qiov, 0, aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
645     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
646         main_loop_wait(false);
647     }
648 
649     *total = qiov->size;
650     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
651 }
652 
653 static int do_aio_writev(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
654                          int64_t offset, int flags, int *total)
655 {
656     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
657 
658     blk_aio_pwritev(blk, offset, qiov, flags, aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
659     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
660         main_loop_wait(false);
661     }
662 
663     *total = qiov->size;
664     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
665 }
666 
667 static void read_help(void)
668 {
669     printf(
670 "\n"
671 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
672 "\n"
673 " Example:\n"
674 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
675 "\n"
676 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
677 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
678 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
679 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
680 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
681 " -p, -- ignored for backwards compatibility\n"
682 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
683 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
684 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
685 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
686 "\n");
687 }
688 
689 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
690 
691 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
692     .name       = "read",
693     .altname    = "r",
694     .cfunc      = read_f,
695     .argmin     = 2,
696     .argmax     = -1,
697     .args       = "[-abCqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
698     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
699     .help       = read_help,
700 };
701 
702 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
703 {
704     struct timespec t1, t2;
705     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, vflag = false;
706     bool Pflag = false, sflag = false, lflag = false, bflag = false;
707     int c, cnt, ret;
708     char *buf;
709     int64_t offset;
710     int64_t count;
711     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
712     int64_t total = 0;
713     int pattern = 0;
714     int64_t pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
715 
716     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != -1) {
717         switch (c) {
718         case 'b':
719             bflag = true;
720             break;
721         case 'C':
722             Cflag = true;
723             break;
724         case 'l':
725             lflag = true;
726             pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
727             if (pattern_count < 0) {
728                 print_cvtnum_err(pattern_count, optarg);
729                 return pattern_count;
730             }
731             break;
732         case 'p':
733             /* Ignored for backwards compatibility */
734             break;
735         case 'P':
736             Pflag = true;
737             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
738             if (pattern < 0) {
739                 return -EINVAL;
740             }
741             break;
742         case 'q':
743             qflag = true;
744             break;
745         case 's':
746             sflag = true;
747             pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
748             if (pattern_offset < 0) {
749                 print_cvtnum_err(pattern_offset, optarg);
750                 return pattern_offset;
751             }
752             break;
753         case 'v':
754             vflag = true;
755             break;
756         default:
757             qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
758             return -EINVAL;
759         }
760     }
761 
762     if (optind != argc - 2) {
763         qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
764         return -EINVAL;
765     }
766 
767     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
768     if (offset < 0) {
769         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
770         return offset;
771     }
772 
773     optind++;
774     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
775     if (count < 0) {
776         print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
777         return count;
778     } else if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
779         printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
780                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
781         return -EINVAL;
782     }
783 
784     if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
785         qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
786         return -EINVAL;
787     }
788 
789     if (!lflag) {
790         pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
791     }
792 
793     if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
794         printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
795         return -EINVAL;
796     }
797 
798     if (bflag) {
799         if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
800             printf("%" PRId64 " is not a sector-aligned value for 'offset'\n",
801                    offset);
802             return -EINVAL;
803         }
804         if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
805             printf("%"PRId64" is not a sector-aligned value for 'count'\n",
806                    count);
807             return -EINVAL;
808         }
809     }
810 
811     buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, 0xab);
812 
813     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
814     if (bflag) {
815         ret = do_load_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
816     } else {
817         ret = do_pread(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
818     }
819     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
820 
821     if (ret < 0) {
822         printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
823         goto out;
824     }
825     cnt = ret;
826 
827     ret = 0;
828 
829     if (Pflag) {
830         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
831         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
832         if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
833             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
834                    PRId64 ", %"PRId64" bytes\n",
835                    offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
836             ret = -EINVAL;
837         }
838         g_free(cmp_buf);
839     }
840 
841     if (qflag) {
842         goto out;
843     }
844 
845     if (vflag) {
846         dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
847     }
848 
849     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
850     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
851     print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
852 
853 out:
854     qemu_io_free(buf);
855     return ret;
856 }
857 
858 static void readv_help(void)
859 {
860     printf(
861 "\n"
862 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
863 "\n"
864 " Example:\n"
865 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
866 "\n"
867 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
868 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
869 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
870 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
871 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
872 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
873 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
874 "\n");
875 }
876 
877 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
878 
879 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
880     .name       = "readv",
881     .cfunc      = readv_f,
882     .argmin     = 2,
883     .argmax     = -1,
884     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
885     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
886     .help       = readv_help,
887 };
888 
889 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
890 {
891     struct timespec t1, t2;
892     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, vflag = false;
893     int c, cnt, ret;
894     char *buf;
895     int64_t offset;
896     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
897     int total = 0;
898     int nr_iov;
899     QEMUIOVector qiov;
900     int pattern = 0;
901     bool Pflag = false;
902 
903     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != -1) {
904         switch (c) {
905         case 'C':
906             Cflag = true;
907             break;
908         case 'P':
909             Pflag = true;
910             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
911             if (pattern < 0) {
912                 return -EINVAL;
913             }
914             break;
915         case 'q':
916             qflag = true;
917             break;
918         case 'v':
919             vflag = true;
920             break;
921         default:
922             qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
923             return -EINVAL;
924         }
925     }
926 
927     if (optind > argc - 2) {
928         qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
929         return -EINVAL;
930     }
931 
932 
933     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
934     if (offset < 0) {
935         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
936         return offset;
937     }
938     optind++;
939 
940     nr_iov = argc - optind;
941     buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
942     if (buf == NULL) {
943         return -EINVAL;
944     }
945 
946     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
947     ret = do_aio_readv(blk, &qiov, offset, &total);
948     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
949 
950     if (ret < 0) {
951         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
952         goto out;
953     }
954     cnt = ret;
955 
956     ret = 0;
957 
958     if (Pflag) {
959         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
960         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
961         if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
962             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
963                    PRId64 ", %zu bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
964             ret = -EINVAL;
965         }
966         g_free(cmp_buf);
967     }
968 
969     if (qflag) {
970         goto out;
971     }
972 
973     if (vflag) {
974         dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
975     }
976 
977     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
978     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
979     print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
980 
981 out:
982     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
983     qemu_io_free(buf);
984     return ret;
985 }
986 
987 static void write_help(void)
988 {
989     printf(
990 "\n"
991 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
992 "\n"
993 " Example:\n"
994 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
995 "\n"
996 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
997 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
998 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
999 " -c, -- write compressed data with blk_write_compressed\n"
1000 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1001 " -n, -- with -z, don't allow slow fallback\n"
1002 " -p, -- ignored for backwards compatibility\n"
1003 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1004 " -s, -- use a pattern file to fill the write buffer\n"
1005 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1006 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1007 " -u, -- with -z, allow unmapping\n"
1008 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_pwrite_zeroes\n"
1009 "\n");
1010 }
1011 
1012 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1013 
1014 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
1015     .name       = "write",
1016     .altname    = "w",
1017     .cfunc      = write_f,
1018     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1019     .argmin     = 2,
1020     .argmax     = -1,
1021     .args       = "[-bcCfnquz] [-P pattern | -s source_file] off len",
1022     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1023     .help       = write_help,
1024 };
1025 
1026 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1027 {
1028     struct timespec t1, t2;
1029     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, bflag = false;
1030     bool Pflag = false, zflag = false, cflag = false, sflag = false;
1031     int flags = 0;
1032     int c, cnt, ret;
1033     char *buf = NULL;
1034     int64_t offset;
1035     int64_t count;
1036     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
1037     int64_t total = 0;
1038     int pattern = 0xcd;
1039     const char *file_name = NULL;
1040 
1041     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCfnpP:qs:uz")) != -1) {
1042         switch (c) {
1043         case 'b':
1044             bflag = true;
1045             break;
1046         case 'c':
1047             cflag = true;
1048             break;
1049         case 'C':
1050             Cflag = true;
1051             break;
1052         case 'f':
1053             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1054             break;
1055         case 'n':
1056             flags |= BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK;
1057             break;
1058         case 'p':
1059             /* Ignored for backwards compatibility */
1060             break;
1061         case 'P':
1062             Pflag = true;
1063             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1064             if (pattern < 0) {
1065                 return -EINVAL;
1066             }
1067             break;
1068         case 'q':
1069             qflag = true;
1070             break;
1071         case 's':
1072             sflag = true;
1073             file_name = optarg;
1074             break;
1075         case 'u':
1076             flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1077             break;
1078         case 'z':
1079             zflag = true;
1080             break;
1081         default:
1082             qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
1083             return -EINVAL;
1084         }
1085     }
1086 
1087     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1088         qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
1089         return -EINVAL;
1090     }
1091 
1092     if (bflag && zflag) {
1093         printf("-b and -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1094         return -EINVAL;
1095     }
1096 
1097     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_FUA) && (bflag || cflag)) {
1098         printf("-f and -b or -c cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1099         return -EINVAL;
1100     }
1101 
1102     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK) && !zflag) {
1103         printf("-n requires -z to be specified\n");
1104         return -EINVAL;
1105     }
1106 
1107     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) && !zflag) {
1108         printf("-u requires -z to be specified\n");
1109         return -EINVAL;
1110     }
1111 
1112     if (zflag + Pflag + sflag > 1) {
1113         printf("Only one of -z, -P, and -s "
1114                "can be specified at the same time\n");
1115         return -EINVAL;
1116     }
1117 
1118     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1119     if (offset < 0) {
1120         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1121         return offset;
1122     }
1123 
1124     optind++;
1125     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1126     if (count < 0) {
1127         print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1128         return count;
1129     } else if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES &&
1130                !(flags & BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK)) {
1131         printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 " without -n, given %s\n",
1132                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
1133         return -EINVAL;
1134     }
1135 
1136     if (bflag || cflag) {
1137         if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1138             printf("%" PRId64 " is not a sector-aligned value for 'offset'\n",
1139                    offset);
1140             return -EINVAL;
1141         }
1142 
1143         if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1144             printf("%"PRId64" is not a sector-aligned value for 'count'\n",
1145                    count);
1146             return -EINVAL;
1147         }
1148     }
1149 
1150     if (!zflag) {
1151         if (sflag) {
1152             buf = qemu_io_alloc_from_file(blk, count, file_name);
1153             if (!buf) {
1154                 return -EINVAL;
1155             }
1156         } else {
1157             buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
1158         }
1159     }
1160 
1161     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
1162     if (bflag) {
1163         ret = do_save_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1164     } else if (zflag) {
1165         ret = do_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset, count, flags, &total);
1166     } else if (cflag) {
1167         ret = do_write_compressed(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1168     } else {
1169         ret = do_pwrite(blk, buf, offset, count, flags, &total);
1170     }
1171     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1172 
1173     if (ret < 0) {
1174         printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1175         goto out;
1176     }
1177     cnt = ret;
1178 
1179     ret = 0;
1180 
1181     if (qflag) {
1182         goto out;
1183     }
1184 
1185     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1186     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1187     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
1188 
1189 out:
1190     if (!zflag) {
1191         qemu_io_free(buf);
1192     }
1193     return ret;
1194 }
1195 
1196 static void
1197 writev_help(void)
1198 {
1199     printf(
1200 "\n"
1201 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
1202 "\n"
1203 " Example:\n"
1204 " 'writev 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1205 "\n"
1206 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1207 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1208 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1209 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1210 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1211 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1212 "\n");
1213 }
1214 
1215 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1216 
1217 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
1218     .name       = "writev",
1219     .cfunc      = writev_f,
1220     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1221     .argmin     = 2,
1222     .argmax     = -1,
1223     .args       = "[-Cfq] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1224     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1225     .help       = writev_help,
1226 };
1227 
1228 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1229 {
1230     struct timespec t1, t2;
1231     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false;
1232     int flags = 0;
1233     int c, cnt, ret;
1234     char *buf;
1235     int64_t offset;
1236     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
1237     int total = 0;
1238     int nr_iov;
1239     int pattern = 0xcd;
1240     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1241 
1242     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CfqP:")) != -1) {
1243         switch (c) {
1244         case 'C':
1245             Cflag = true;
1246             break;
1247         case 'f':
1248             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1249             break;
1250         case 'q':
1251             qflag = true;
1252             break;
1253         case 'P':
1254             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1255             if (pattern < 0) {
1256                 return -EINVAL;
1257             }
1258             break;
1259         default:
1260             qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1261             return -EINVAL;
1262         }
1263     }
1264 
1265     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1266         qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1267         return -EINVAL;
1268     }
1269 
1270     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1271     if (offset < 0) {
1272         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1273         return offset;
1274     }
1275     optind++;
1276 
1277     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1278     buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1279     if (buf == NULL) {
1280         return -EINVAL;
1281     }
1282 
1283     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
1284     ret = do_aio_writev(blk, &qiov, offset, flags, &total);
1285     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1286 
1287     if (ret < 0) {
1288         printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1289         goto out;
1290     }
1291     cnt = ret;
1292 
1293     ret = 0;
1294 
1295     if (qflag) {
1296         goto out;
1297     }
1298 
1299     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1300     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1301     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
1302 out:
1303     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
1304     qemu_io_free(buf);
1305     return ret;
1306 }
1307 
1308 struct aio_ctx {
1309     BlockBackend *blk;
1310     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1311     int64_t offset;
1312     char *buf;
1313     bool qflag;
1314     bool vflag;
1315     bool Cflag;
1316     bool Pflag;
1317     bool zflag;
1318     BlockAcctCookie acct;
1319     int pattern;
1320     struct timespec t1;
1321 };
1322 
1323 static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1324 {
1325     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1326     struct timespec t2;
1327 
1328     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1329 
1330 
1331     if (ret < 0) {
1332         printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1333         block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1334         goto out;
1335     }
1336 
1337     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1338 
1339     if (ctx->qflag) {
1340         goto out;
1341     }
1342 
1343     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1344     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1345     print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1346                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1347 out:
1348     if (!ctx->zflag) {
1349         qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1350         qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1351     }
1352     g_free(ctx);
1353 }
1354 
1355 static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1356 {
1357     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1358     struct timespec t2;
1359 
1360     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1361 
1362     if (ret < 0) {
1363         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1364         block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1365         goto out;
1366     }
1367 
1368     if (ctx->Pflag) {
1369         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
1370 
1371         memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
1372         if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
1373             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
1374                    PRId64 ", %zu bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1375         }
1376         g_free(cmp_buf);
1377     }
1378 
1379     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1380 
1381     if (ctx->qflag) {
1382         goto out;
1383     }
1384 
1385     if (ctx->vflag) {
1386         dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1387     }
1388 
1389     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1390     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1391     print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1392                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1393 out:
1394     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1395     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1396     g_free(ctx);
1397 }
1398 
1399 static void aio_read_help(void)
1400 {
1401     printf(
1402 "\n"
1403 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1404 "\n"
1405 " Example:\n"
1406 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1407 "\n"
1408 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
1409 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
1410 " The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1411 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1412 " Note that due to its asynchronous nature, this command will be\n"
1413 " considered successful once the request is submitted, independently\n"
1414 " of potential I/O errors or pattern mismatches.\n"
1415 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1416 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
1417 " -i, -- treat request as invalid, for exercising stats\n"
1418 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
1419 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1420 "\n");
1421 }
1422 
1423 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1424 
1425 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
1426     .name       = "aio_read",
1427     .cfunc      = aio_read_f,
1428     .argmin     = 2,
1429     .argmax     = -1,
1430     .args       = "[-Ciqv] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1431     .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
1432     .help       = aio_read_help,
1433 };
1434 
1435 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1436 {
1437     int nr_iov, c;
1438     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1439 
1440     ctx->blk = blk;
1441     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:iqv")) != -1) {
1442         switch (c) {
1443         case 'C':
1444             ctx->Cflag = true;
1445             break;
1446         case 'P':
1447             ctx->Pflag = true;
1448             ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1449             if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
1450                 g_free(ctx);
1451                 return -EINVAL;
1452             }
1453             break;
1454         case 'i':
1455             printf("injecting invalid read request\n");
1456             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1457             g_free(ctx);
1458             return 0;
1459         case 'q':
1460             ctx->qflag = true;
1461             break;
1462         case 'v':
1463             ctx->vflag = true;
1464             break;
1465         default:
1466             g_free(ctx);
1467             qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1468             return -EINVAL;
1469         }
1470     }
1471 
1472     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1473         g_free(ctx);
1474         qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1475         return -EINVAL;
1476     }
1477 
1478     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1479     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1480         int ret = ctx->offset;
1481         print_cvtnum_err(ret, argv[optind]);
1482         g_free(ctx);
1483         return ret;
1484     }
1485     optind++;
1486 
1487     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1488     ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
1489     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1490         block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1491         g_free(ctx);
1492         return -EINVAL;
1493     }
1494 
1495     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ctx->t1);
1496     block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1497                      BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1498     blk_aio_preadv(blk, ctx->offset, &ctx->qiov, 0, aio_read_done, ctx);
1499     return 0;
1500 }
1501 
1502 static void aio_write_help(void)
1503 {
1504     printf(
1505 "\n"
1506 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
1507 " from multiple buffers\n"
1508 "\n"
1509 " Example:\n"
1510 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1511 "\n"
1512 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1513 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1514 " The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1515 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1516 " Note that due to its asynchronous nature, this command will be\n"
1517 " considered successful once the request is submitted, independently\n"
1518 " of potential I/O errors or pattern mismatches.\n"
1519 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1520 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1521 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1522 " -i, -- treat request as invalid, for exercising stats\n"
1523 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1524 " -u, -- with -z, allow unmapping\n"
1525 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes\n"
1526 "\n");
1527 }
1528 
1529 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1530 
1531 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1532     .name       = "aio_write",
1533     .cfunc      = aio_write_f,
1534     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1535     .argmin     = 2,
1536     .argmax     = -1,
1537     .args       = "[-Cfiquz] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1538     .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1539     .help       = aio_write_help,
1540 };
1541 
1542 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1543 {
1544     int nr_iov, c;
1545     int pattern = 0xcd;
1546     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1547     int flags = 0;
1548 
1549     ctx->blk = blk;
1550     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CfiqP:uz")) != -1) {
1551         switch (c) {
1552         case 'C':
1553             ctx->Cflag = true;
1554             break;
1555         case 'f':
1556             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1557             break;
1558         case 'q':
1559             ctx->qflag = true;
1560             break;
1561         case 'u':
1562             flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1563             break;
1564         case 'P':
1565             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1566             if (pattern < 0) {
1567                 g_free(ctx);
1568                 return -EINVAL;
1569             }
1570             break;
1571         case 'i':
1572             printf("injecting invalid write request\n");
1573             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1574             g_free(ctx);
1575             return 0;
1576         case 'z':
1577             ctx->zflag = true;
1578             break;
1579         default:
1580             g_free(ctx);
1581             qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1582             return -EINVAL;
1583         }
1584     }
1585 
1586     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1587         g_free(ctx);
1588         qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1589         return -EINVAL;
1590     }
1591 
1592     if (ctx->zflag && optind != argc - 2) {
1593         printf("-z supports only a single length parameter\n");
1594         g_free(ctx);
1595         return -EINVAL;
1596     }
1597 
1598     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) && !ctx->zflag) {
1599         printf("-u requires -z to be specified\n");
1600         g_free(ctx);
1601         return -EINVAL;
1602     }
1603 
1604     if (ctx->zflag && ctx->Pflag) {
1605         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1606         g_free(ctx);
1607         return -EINVAL;
1608     }
1609 
1610     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1611     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1612         int ret = ctx->offset;
1613         print_cvtnum_err(ret, argv[optind]);
1614         g_free(ctx);
1615         return ret;
1616     }
1617     optind++;
1618 
1619     if (ctx->zflag) {
1620         int64_t count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1621         if (count < 0) {
1622             print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1623             g_free(ctx);
1624             return count;
1625         }
1626 
1627         ctx->qiov.size = count;
1628         blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes(blk, ctx->offset, count, flags, aio_write_done,
1629                               ctx);
1630     } else {
1631         nr_iov = argc - optind;
1632         ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov,
1633                                 pattern);
1634         if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1635             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1636             g_free(ctx);
1637             return -EINVAL;
1638         }
1639 
1640         clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ctx->t1);
1641         block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1642                          BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1643 
1644         blk_aio_pwritev(blk, ctx->offset, &ctx->qiov, flags, aio_write_done,
1645                         ctx);
1646     }
1647 
1648     return 0;
1649 }
1650 
1651 static int aio_flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1652 {
1653     BlockAcctCookie cookie;
1654     block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie, 0, BLOCK_ACCT_FLUSH);
1655     blk_drain_all();
1656     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie);
1657     return 0;
1658 }
1659 
1660 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1661     .name       = "aio_flush",
1662     .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,
1663     .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
1664 };
1665 
1666 static int flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1667 {
1668     return blk_flush(blk);
1669 }
1670 
1671 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1672     .name       = "flush",
1673     .altname    = "f",
1674     .cfunc      = flush_f,
1675     .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1676 };
1677 
1678 static int truncate_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1679 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1680     .name       = "truncate",
1681     .altname    = "t",
1682     .cfunc      = truncate_f,
1683     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_RESIZE,
1684     .argmin     = 1,
1685     .argmax     = 3,
1686     .args       = "[-m prealloc_mode] off",
1687     .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1688 };
1689 
1690 static int truncate_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1691 {
1692     Error *local_err = NULL;
1693     int64_t offset;
1694     int c, ret;
1695     PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
1696 
1697     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "m:")) != -1) {
1698         switch (c) {
1699         case 'm':
1700             prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
1701                                        PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
1702             if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
1703                 error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
1704                 return -EINVAL;
1705             }
1706             break;
1707         default:
1708             qemuio_command_usage(&truncate_cmd);
1709             return -EINVAL;
1710         }
1711     }
1712 
1713     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1714     if (offset < 0) {
1715         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
1716         return offset;
1717     }
1718 
1719     /*
1720      * qemu-io is a debugging tool, so let us be strict here and pass
1721      * exact=true.  It is better to err on the "emit more errors" side
1722      * than to be overly permissive.
1723      */
1724     ret = blk_truncate(blk, offset, false, prealloc, 0, &local_err);
1725     if (ret < 0) {
1726         error_report_err(local_err);
1727         return ret;
1728     }
1729 
1730     return 0;
1731 }
1732 
1733 static int length_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1734 {
1735     int64_t size;
1736     char s1[64];
1737 
1738     size = blk_getlength(blk);
1739     if (size < 0) {
1740         printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
1741         return size;
1742     }
1743 
1744     cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1745     printf("%s\n", s1);
1746     return 0;
1747 }
1748 
1749 
1750 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1751     .name   = "length",
1752     .altname    = "l",
1753     .cfunc      = length_f,
1754     .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",
1755 };
1756 
1757 
1758 static int info_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1759 {
1760     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1761     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1762     ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info;
1763     Error *local_err = NULL;
1764     char s1[64], s2[64];
1765     int ret;
1766 
1767     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
1768         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1769     }
1770     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
1771         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1772     }
1773 
1774     ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1775     if (ret) {
1776         return ret;
1777     }
1778 
1779     cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1780     cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1781 
1782     printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1783     printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1784 
1785     spec_info = bdrv_get_specific_info(bs, &local_err);
1786     if (local_err) {
1787         error_report_err(local_err);
1788         return -EIO;
1789     }
1790     if (spec_info) {
1791         bdrv_image_info_specific_dump(spec_info,
1792                                       "Format specific information:\n");
1793         qapi_free_ImageInfoSpecific(spec_info);
1794     }
1795 
1796     return 0;
1797 }
1798 
1799 
1800 
1801 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1802     .name       = "info",
1803     .altname    = "i",
1804     .cfunc      = info_f,
1805     .oneline    = "prints information about the current file",
1806 };
1807 
1808 static void discard_help(void)
1809 {
1810     printf(
1811 "\n"
1812 " discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1813 "\n"
1814 " Example:\n"
1815 " 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1816 "\n"
1817 " Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
1818 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1819 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1820 "\n");
1821 }
1822 
1823 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1824 
1825 static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
1826     .name       = "discard",
1827     .altname    = "d",
1828     .cfunc      = discard_f,
1829     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1830     .argmin     = 2,
1831     .argmax     = -1,
1832     .args       = "[-Cq] off len",
1833     .oneline    = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1834     .help       = discard_help,
1835 };
1836 
1837 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1838 {
1839     struct timespec t1, t2;
1840     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false;
1841     int c, ret;
1842     int64_t offset, bytes;
1843 
1844     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1845         switch (c) {
1846         case 'C':
1847             Cflag = true;
1848             break;
1849         case 'q':
1850             qflag = true;
1851             break;
1852         default:
1853             qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1854             return -EINVAL;
1855         }
1856     }
1857 
1858     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1859         qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1860         return -EINVAL;
1861     }
1862 
1863     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1864     if (offset < 0) {
1865         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1866         return offset;
1867     }
1868 
1869     optind++;
1870     bytes = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1871     if (bytes < 0) {
1872         print_cvtnum_err(bytes, argv[optind]);
1873         return bytes;
1874     } else if (bytes > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
1875         printf("length cannot exceed %"PRIu64", given %s\n",
1876                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
1877         return -EINVAL;
1878     }
1879 
1880     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
1881     ret = blk_pdiscard(blk, offset, bytes);
1882     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1883 
1884     if (ret < 0) {
1885         printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1886         return ret;
1887     }
1888 
1889     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1890     if (!qflag) {
1891         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1892         print_report("discard", &t2, offset, bytes, bytes, 1, Cflag);
1893     }
1894 
1895     return 0;
1896 }
1897 
1898 static int alloc_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1899 {
1900     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1901     int64_t offset, start, remaining, count;
1902     char s1[64];
1903     int ret;
1904     int64_t num, sum_alloc;
1905 
1906     start = offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1907     if (offset < 0) {
1908         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
1909         return offset;
1910     }
1911 
1912     if (argc == 3) {
1913         count = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1914         if (count < 0) {
1915             print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[2]);
1916             return count;
1917         }
1918     } else {
1919         count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1920     }
1921 
1922     remaining = count;
1923     sum_alloc = 0;
1924     while (remaining) {
1925         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, remaining, &num);
1926         if (ret < 0) {
1927             printf("is_allocated failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1928             return ret;
1929         }
1930         offset += num;
1931         remaining -= num;
1932         if (ret) {
1933             sum_alloc += num;
1934         }
1935         if (num == 0) {
1936             count -= remaining;
1937             remaining = 0;
1938         }
1939     }
1940 
1941     cvtstr(start, s1, sizeof(s1));
1942 
1943     printf("%"PRId64"/%"PRId64" bytes allocated at offset %s\n",
1944            sum_alloc, count, s1);
1945     return 0;
1946 }
1947 
1948 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1949     .name       = "alloc",
1950     .altname    = "a",
1951     .argmin     = 1,
1952     .argmax     = 2,
1953     .cfunc      = alloc_f,
1954     .args       = "offset [count]",
1955     .oneline    = "checks if offset is allocated in the file",
1956 };
1957 
1958 
1959 static int map_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
1960                             int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1961 {
1962     int64_t num;
1963     int ret, firstret;
1964 
1965     ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, bytes, &num);
1966     if (ret < 0) {
1967         return ret;
1968     }
1969 
1970     firstret = ret;
1971     *pnum = num;
1972 
1973     while (bytes > 0 && ret == firstret) {
1974         offset += num;
1975         bytes -= num;
1976 
1977         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, bytes, &num);
1978         if (ret == firstret && num) {
1979             *pnum += num;
1980         } else {
1981             break;
1982         }
1983     }
1984 
1985     return firstret;
1986 }
1987 
1988 static int map_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1989 {
1990     int64_t offset, bytes;
1991     char s1[64], s2[64];
1992     int64_t num;
1993     int ret;
1994     const char *retstr;
1995 
1996     offset = 0;
1997     bytes = blk_getlength(blk);
1998     if (bytes < 0) {
1999         error_report("Failed to query image length: %s", strerror(-bytes));
2000         return bytes;
2001     }
2002 
2003     while (bytes) {
2004         ret = map_is_allocated(blk_bs(blk), offset, bytes, &num);
2005         if (ret < 0) {
2006             error_report("Failed to get allocation status: %s", strerror(-ret));
2007             return ret;
2008         } else if (!num) {
2009             error_report("Unexpected end of image");
2010             return -EIO;
2011         }
2012 
2013         retstr = ret ? "    allocated" : "not allocated";
2014         cvtstr(num, s1, sizeof(s1));
2015         cvtstr(offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
2016         printf("%s (0x%" PRIx64 ") bytes %s at offset %s (0x%" PRIx64 ")\n",
2017                s1, num, retstr, s2, offset);
2018 
2019         offset += num;
2020         bytes -= num;
2021     }
2022 
2023     return 0;
2024 }
2025 
2026 static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
2027        .name           = "map",
2028        .argmin         = 0,
2029        .argmax         = 0,
2030        .cfunc          = map_f,
2031        .args           = "",
2032        .oneline        = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
2033 };
2034 
2035 static void reopen_help(void)
2036 {
2037     printf(
2038 "\n"
2039 " Changes the open options of an already opened image\n"
2040 "\n"
2041 " Example:\n"
2042 " 'reopen -o lazy-refcounts=on' - activates lazy refcount writeback on a qcow2 image\n"
2043 "\n"
2044 " -r, -- Reopen the image read-only\n"
2045 " -w, -- Reopen the image read-write\n"
2046 " -c, -- Change the cache mode to the given value\n"
2047 " -o, -- Changes block driver options (cf. 'open' command)\n"
2048 "\n");
2049 }
2050 
2051 static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
2052 
2053 static QemuOptsList reopen_opts = {
2054     .name = "reopen",
2055     .merge_lists = true,
2056     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(reopen_opts.head),
2057     .desc = {
2058         /* no elements => accept any params */
2059         { /* end of list */ }
2060     },
2061 };
2062 
2063 static const cmdinfo_t reopen_cmd = {
2064        .name           = "reopen",
2065        .argmin         = 0,
2066        .argmax         = -1,
2067        .cfunc          = reopen_f,
2068        .args           = "[(-r|-w)] [-c cache] [-o options]",
2069        .oneline        = "reopens an image with new options",
2070        .help           = reopen_help,
2071 };
2072 
2073 static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2074 {
2075     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
2076     QemuOpts *qopts;
2077     QDict *opts;
2078     int c;
2079     int flags = bs->open_flags;
2080     bool writethrough = !blk_enable_write_cache(blk);
2081     bool has_rw_option = false;
2082     bool has_cache_option = false;
2083     Error *local_err = NULL;
2084 
2085     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:o:rw")) != -1) {
2086         switch (c) {
2087         case 'c':
2088             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
2089                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
2090                 return -EINVAL;
2091             }
2092             has_cache_option = true;
2093             break;
2094         case 'o':
2095             if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&reopen_opts, optarg, 0)) {
2096                 qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2097                 return -EINVAL;
2098             }
2099             break;
2100         case 'r':
2101             if (has_rw_option) {
2102                 error_report("Only one -r/-w option may be given");
2103                 return -EINVAL;
2104             }
2105             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
2106             has_rw_option = true;
2107             break;
2108         case 'w':
2109             if (has_rw_option) {
2110                 error_report("Only one -r/-w option may be given");
2111                 return -EINVAL;
2112             }
2113             flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
2114             has_rw_option = true;
2115             break;
2116         default:
2117             qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2118             qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
2119             return -EINVAL;
2120         }
2121     }
2122 
2123     if (optind != argc) {
2124         qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2125         qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
2126         return -EINVAL;
2127     }
2128 
2129     if (!writethrough != blk_enable_write_cache(blk) &&
2130         blk_get_attached_dev(blk))
2131     {
2132         error_report("Cannot change cache.writeback: Device attached");
2133         qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2134         return -EBUSY;
2135     }
2136 
2137     if (!(flags & BDRV_O_RDWR)) {
2138         uint64_t orig_perm, orig_shared_perm;
2139 
2140         bdrv_drain(bs);
2141 
2142         blk_get_perm(blk, &orig_perm, &orig_shared_perm);
2143         blk_set_perm(blk,
2144                      orig_perm & ~(BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_WRITE_UNCHANGED),
2145                      orig_shared_perm,
2146                      &error_abort);
2147     }
2148 
2149     qopts = qemu_opts_find(&reopen_opts, NULL);
2150     opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : qdict_new();
2151     qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2152 
2153     if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_READ_ONLY)) {
2154         if (has_rw_option) {
2155             error_report("Cannot set both -r/-w and '" BDRV_OPT_READ_ONLY "'");
2156             qobject_unref(opts);
2157             return -EINVAL;
2158         }
2159     } else {
2160         qdict_put_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_READ_ONLY, !(flags & BDRV_O_RDWR));
2161     }
2162 
2163     if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT) ||
2164         qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH)) {
2165         if (has_cache_option) {
2166             error_report("Cannot set both -c and the cache options");
2167             qobject_unref(opts);
2168             return -EINVAL;
2169         }
2170     } else {
2171         qdict_put_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE);
2172         qdict_put_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, flags & BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH);
2173     }
2174 
2175     bdrv_reopen(bs, opts, true, &local_err);
2176 
2177     if (local_err) {
2178         error_report_err(local_err);
2179         return -EINVAL;
2180     }
2181 
2182     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
2183     return 0;
2184 }
2185 
2186 static int break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2187 {
2188     int ret;
2189 
2190     ret = bdrv_debug_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1], argv[2]);
2191     if (ret < 0) {
2192         printf("Could not set breakpoint: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2193         return ret;
2194     }
2195 
2196     return 0;
2197 }
2198 
2199 static int remove_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2200 {
2201     int ret;
2202 
2203     ret = bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2204     if (ret < 0) {
2205         printf("Could not remove breakpoint %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(-ret));
2206         return ret;
2207     }
2208 
2209     return 0;
2210 }
2211 
2212 static const cmdinfo_t break_cmd = {
2213        .name           = "break",
2214        .argmin         = 2,
2215        .argmax         = 2,
2216        .cfunc          = break_f,
2217        .args           = "event tag",
2218        .oneline        = "sets a breakpoint on event and tags the stopped "
2219                          "request as tag",
2220 };
2221 
2222 static const cmdinfo_t remove_break_cmd = {
2223        .name           = "remove_break",
2224        .argmin         = 1,
2225        .argmax         = 1,
2226        .cfunc          = remove_break_f,
2227        .args           = "tag",
2228        .oneline        = "remove a breakpoint by tag",
2229 };
2230 
2231 static int resume_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2232 {
2233     int ret;
2234 
2235     ret = bdrv_debug_resume(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2236     if (ret < 0) {
2237         printf("Could not resume request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2238         return ret;
2239     }
2240 
2241     return 0;
2242 }
2243 
2244 static const cmdinfo_t resume_cmd = {
2245        .name           = "resume",
2246        .argmin         = 1,
2247        .argmax         = 1,
2248        .cfunc          = resume_f,
2249        .args           = "tag",
2250        .oneline        = "resumes the request tagged as tag",
2251 };
2252 
2253 static int wait_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2254 {
2255     while (!bdrv_debug_is_suspended(blk_bs(blk), argv[1])) {
2256         aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
2257     }
2258     return 0;
2259 }
2260 
2261 static const cmdinfo_t wait_break_cmd = {
2262        .name           = "wait_break",
2263        .argmin         = 1,
2264        .argmax         = 1,
2265        .cfunc          = wait_break_f,
2266        .args           = "tag",
2267        .oneline        = "waits for the suspension of a request",
2268 };
2269 
2270 static int abort_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2271 {
2272     abort();
2273 }
2274 
2275 static const cmdinfo_t abort_cmd = {
2276        .name           = "abort",
2277        .cfunc          = abort_f,
2278        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2279        .oneline        = "simulate a program crash using abort(3)",
2280 };
2281 
2282 static void sigraise_help(void)
2283 {
2284     printf(
2285 "\n"
2286 " raises the given signal\n"
2287 "\n"
2288 " Example:\n"
2289 " 'sigraise %i' - raises SIGTERM\n"
2290 "\n"
2291 " Invokes raise(signal), where \"signal\" is the mandatory integer argument\n"
2292 " given to sigraise.\n"
2293 "\n", SIGTERM);
2294 }
2295 
2296 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
2297 
2298 static const cmdinfo_t sigraise_cmd = {
2299     .name       = "sigraise",
2300     .cfunc      = sigraise_f,
2301     .argmin     = 1,
2302     .argmax     = 1,
2303     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2304     .args       = "signal",
2305     .oneline    = "raises a signal",
2306     .help       = sigraise_help,
2307 };
2308 
2309 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2310 {
2311     int64_t sig = cvtnum(argv[1]);
2312     if (sig < 0) {
2313         print_cvtnum_err(sig, argv[1]);
2314         return sig;
2315     } else if (sig > NSIG) {
2316         printf("signal argument '%s' is too large to be a valid signal\n",
2317                argv[1]);
2318         return -EINVAL;
2319     }
2320 
2321     /* Using raise() to kill this process does not necessarily flush all open
2322      * streams. At least stdout and stderr (although the latter should be
2323      * non-buffered anyway) should be flushed, though. */
2324     fflush(stdout);
2325     fflush(stderr);
2326 
2327     raise(sig);
2328 
2329     return 0;
2330 }
2331 
2332 static void sleep_cb(void *opaque)
2333 {
2334     bool *expired = opaque;
2335     *expired = true;
2336 }
2337 
2338 static int sleep_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2339 {
2340     char *endptr;
2341     long ms;
2342     struct QEMUTimer *timer;
2343     bool expired = false;
2344 
2345     ms = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 0);
2346     if (ms < 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
2347         printf("%s is not a valid number\n", argv[1]);
2348         return -EINVAL;
2349     }
2350 
2351     timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST, sleep_cb, &expired);
2352     timer_mod(timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) + SCALE_MS * ms);
2353 
2354     while (!expired) {
2355         main_loop_wait(false);
2356     }
2357 
2358     timer_free(timer);
2359     return 0;
2360 }
2361 
2362 static const cmdinfo_t sleep_cmd = {
2363        .name           = "sleep",
2364        .argmin         = 1,
2365        .argmax         = 1,
2366        .cfunc          = sleep_f,
2367        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2368        .oneline        = "waits for the given value in milliseconds",
2369 };
2370 
2371 static void help_oneline(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2372 {
2373     printf("%s ", cmd);
2374 
2375     if (ct->args) {
2376         printf("%s ", ct->args);
2377     }
2378     printf("-- %s\n", ct->oneline);
2379 }
2380 
2381 static void help_onecmd(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2382 {
2383     help_oneline(cmd, ct);
2384     if (ct->help) {
2385         ct->help();
2386     }
2387 }
2388 
2389 static void help_all(void)
2390 {
2391     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2392 
2393     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
2394         help_oneline(ct->name, ct);
2395     }
2396     printf("\nUse 'help commandname' for extended help.\n");
2397 }
2398 
2399 static int help_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2400 {
2401     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2402 
2403     if (argc < 2) {
2404         help_all();
2405         return 0;
2406     }
2407 
2408     ct = find_command(argv[1]);
2409     if (ct == NULL) {
2410         printf("command %s not found\n", argv[1]);
2411         return -EINVAL;
2412     }
2413 
2414     help_onecmd(argv[1], ct);
2415     return 0;
2416 }
2417 
2418 static const cmdinfo_t help_cmd = {
2419     .name       = "help",
2420     .altname    = "?",
2421     .cfunc      = help_f,
2422     .argmin     = 0,
2423     .argmax     = 1,
2424     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
2425     .args       = "[command]",
2426     .oneline    = "help for one or all commands",
2427 };
2428 
2429 /*
2430  * Called with aio context of blk acquired. Or with qemu_get_aio_context()
2431  * context acquired if blk is NULL.
2432  */
2433 int qemuio_command(BlockBackend *blk, const char *cmd)
2434 {
2435     char *input;
2436     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2437     char **v;
2438     int c;
2439     int ret = 0;
2440 
2441     input = g_strdup(cmd);
2442     v = breakline(input, &c);
2443     if (c) {
2444         ct = find_command(v[0]);
2445         if (ct) {
2446             ret = command(blk, ct, c, v);
2447         } else {
2448             fprintf(stderr, "command \"%s\" not found\n", v[0]);
2449             ret = -EINVAL;
2450         }
2451     }
2452     g_free(input);
2453     g_free(v);
2454 
2455     return ret;
2456 }
2457 
2458 static void __attribute((constructor)) init_qemuio_commands(void)
2459 {
2460     /* initialize commands */
2461     qemuio_add_command(&help_cmd);
2462     qemuio_add_command(&read_cmd);
2463     qemuio_add_command(&readv_cmd);
2464     qemuio_add_command(&write_cmd);
2465     qemuio_add_command(&writev_cmd);
2466     qemuio_add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
2467     qemuio_add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
2468     qemuio_add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
2469     qemuio_add_command(&flush_cmd);
2470     qemuio_add_command(&truncate_cmd);
2471     qemuio_add_command(&length_cmd);
2472     qemuio_add_command(&info_cmd);
2473     qemuio_add_command(&discard_cmd);
2474     qemuio_add_command(&alloc_cmd);
2475     qemuio_add_command(&map_cmd);
2476     qemuio_add_command(&reopen_cmd);
2477     qemuio_add_command(&break_cmd);
2478     qemuio_add_command(&remove_break_cmd);
2479     qemuio_add_command(&resume_cmd);
2480     qemuio_add_command(&wait_break_cmd);
2481     qemuio_add_command(&abort_cmd);
2482     qemuio_add_command(&sleep_cmd);
2483     qemuio_add_command(&sigraise_cmd);
2484 }
2485