xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-io-cmds.c (revision 7609ffb9)
1 /*
2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
6  *
7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
9  */
10 
11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
12 #include "qapi/error.h"
13 #include "qemu-io.h"
14 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
15 #include "block/block.h"
16 #include "block/block_int.h" /* for info_f() */
17 #include "block/qapi.h"
18 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
19 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
20 #include "qemu/timer.h"
21 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
22 
23 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
24 
25 bool qemuio_misalign;
26 
27 static cmdinfo_t *cmdtab;
28 static int ncmds;
29 
30 static int compare_cmdname(const void *a, const void *b)
31 {
32     return strcmp(((const cmdinfo_t *)a)->name,
33                   ((const cmdinfo_t *)b)->name);
34 }
35 
36 void qemuio_add_command(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
37 {
38     cmdtab = g_renew(cmdinfo_t, cmdtab, ++ncmds);
39     cmdtab[ncmds - 1] = *ci;
40     qsort(cmdtab, ncmds, sizeof(*cmdtab), compare_cmdname);
41 }
42 
43 int qemuio_command_usage(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
44 {
45     printf("%s %s -- %s\n", ci->name, ci->args, ci->oneline);
46     return 0;
47 }
48 
49 static int init_check_command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
50 {
51     if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
52         return 1;
53     }
54     if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !blk) {
55         fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
56         return 0;
57     }
58     return 1;
59 }
60 
61 static int command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct, int argc,
62                    char **argv)
63 {
64     char *cmd = argv[0];
65 
66     if (!init_check_command(blk, ct)) {
67         return 0;
68     }
69 
70     if (argc - 1 < ct->argmin || (ct->argmax != -1 && argc - 1 > ct->argmax)) {
71         if (ct->argmax == -1) {
72             fprintf(stderr,
73                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected at least %d arguments\n",
74                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
75         } else if (ct->argmin == ct->argmax) {
76             fprintf(stderr,
77                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected %d arguments\n",
78                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
79         } else {
80             fprintf(stderr,
81                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected between %d and %d arguments\n",
82                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin, ct->argmax);
83         }
84         return 0;
85     }
86 
87     /* Request additional permissions if necessary for this command. The caller
88      * is responsible for restoring the original permissions afterwards if this
89      * is what it wants. */
90     if (ct->perm && blk_is_available(blk)) {
91         uint64_t orig_perm, orig_shared_perm;
92         blk_get_perm(blk, &orig_perm, &orig_shared_perm);
93 
94         if (ct->perm & ~orig_perm) {
95             uint64_t new_perm;
96             Error *local_err = NULL;
97             int ret;
98 
99             new_perm = orig_perm | ct->perm;
100 
101             ret = blk_set_perm(blk, new_perm, orig_shared_perm, &local_err);
102             if (ret < 0) {
103                 error_report_err(local_err);
104                 return 0;
105             }
106         }
107     }
108 
109     optind = 0;
110     return ct->cfunc(blk, argc, argv);
111 }
112 
113 static const cmdinfo_t *find_command(const char *cmd)
114 {
115     cmdinfo_t *ct;
116 
117     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
118         if (strcmp(ct->name, cmd) == 0 ||
119             (ct->altname && strcmp(ct->altname, cmd) == 0))
120         {
121             return (const cmdinfo_t *)ct;
122         }
123     }
124     return NULL;
125 }
126 
127 /* Invoke fn() for commands with a matching prefix */
128 void qemuio_complete_command(const char *input,
129                              void (*fn)(const char *cmd, void *opaque),
130                              void *opaque)
131 {
132     cmdinfo_t *ct;
133     size_t input_len = strlen(input);
134 
135     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
136         if (strncmp(input, ct->name, input_len) == 0) {
137             fn(ct->name, opaque);
138         }
139     }
140 }
141 
142 static char **breakline(char *input, int *count)
143 {
144     int c = 0;
145     char *p;
146     char **rval = g_new0(char *, 1);
147 
148     while (rval && (p = qemu_strsep(&input, " ")) != NULL) {
149         if (!*p) {
150             continue;
151         }
152         c++;
153         rval = g_renew(char *, rval, (c + 1));
154         rval[c - 1] = p;
155         rval[c] = NULL;
156     }
157     *count = c;
158     return rval;
159 }
160 
161 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
162 {
163     int err;
164     uint64_t value;
165 
166     err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
167     if (err < 0) {
168         return err;
169     }
170     if (value > INT64_MAX) {
171         return -ERANGE;
172     }
173     return value;
174 }
175 
176 static void print_cvtnum_err(int64_t rc, const char *arg)
177 {
178     switch (rc) {
179     case -EINVAL:
180         printf("Parsing error: non-numeric argument,"
181                " or extraneous/unrecognized suffix -- %s\n", arg);
182         break;
183     case -ERANGE:
184         printf("Parsing error: argument too large -- %s\n", arg);
185         break;
186     default:
187         printf("Parsing error: %s\n", arg);
188     }
189 }
190 
191 #define EXABYTES(x)     ((long long)(x) << 60)
192 #define PETABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 50)
193 #define TERABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 40)
194 #define GIGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 30)
195 #define MEGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 20)
196 #define KILOBYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 10)
197 
198 #define TO_EXABYTES(x)  ((x) / EXABYTES(1))
199 #define TO_PETABYTES(x) ((x) / PETABYTES(1))
200 #define TO_TERABYTES(x) ((x) / TERABYTES(1))
201 #define TO_GIGABYTES(x) ((x) / GIGABYTES(1))
202 #define TO_MEGABYTES(x) ((x) / MEGABYTES(1))
203 #define TO_KILOBYTES(x) ((x) / KILOBYTES(1))
204 
205 static void cvtstr(double value, char *str, size_t size)
206 {
207     char *trim;
208     const char *suffix;
209 
210     if (value >= EXABYTES(1)) {
211         suffix = " EiB";
212         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_EXABYTES(value));
213     } else if (value >= PETABYTES(1)) {
214         suffix = " PiB";
215         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_PETABYTES(value));
216     } else if (value >= TERABYTES(1)) {
217         suffix = " TiB";
218         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_TERABYTES(value));
219     } else if (value >= GIGABYTES(1)) {
220         suffix = " GiB";
221         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_GIGABYTES(value));
222     } else if (value >= MEGABYTES(1)) {
223         suffix = " MiB";
224         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_MEGABYTES(value));
225     } else if (value >= KILOBYTES(1)) {
226         suffix = " KiB";
227         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_KILOBYTES(value));
228     } else {
229         suffix = " bytes";
230         snprintf(str, size - 6, "%f", value);
231     }
232 
233     trim = strstr(str, ".000");
234     if (trim) {
235         strcpy(trim, suffix);
236     } else {
237         strcat(str, suffix);
238     }
239 }
240 
241 
242 
243 static struct timeval tsub(struct timeval t1, struct timeval t2)
244 {
245     t1.tv_usec -= t2.tv_usec;
246     if (t1.tv_usec < 0) {
247         t1.tv_usec += 1000000;
248         t1.tv_sec--;
249     }
250     t1.tv_sec -= t2.tv_sec;
251     return t1;
252 }
253 
254 static double tdiv(double value, struct timeval tv)
255 {
256     return value / ((double)tv.tv_sec + ((double)tv.tv_usec / 1000000.0));
257 }
258 
259 #define HOURS(sec)      ((sec) / (60 * 60))
260 #define MINUTES(sec)    (((sec) % (60 * 60)) / 60)
261 #define SECONDS(sec)    ((sec) % 60)
262 
263 enum {
264     DEFAULT_TIME        = 0x0,
265     TERSE_FIXED_TIME    = 0x1,
266     VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME  = 0x2,
267 };
268 
269 static void timestr(struct timeval *tv, char *ts, size_t size, int format)
270 {
271     double usec = (double)tv->tv_usec / 1000000.0;
272 
273     if (format & TERSE_FIXED_TIME) {
274         if (!HOURS(tv->tv_sec)) {
275             snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u.%02u",
276                     (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
277                     (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
278                     (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
279             return;
280         }
281         format |= VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME; /* fallback if hours needed */
282     }
283 
284     if ((format & VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME) || tv->tv_sec) {
285         snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u:%02u.%02u",
286                 (unsigned int) HOURS(tv->tv_sec),
287                 (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
288                 (unsigned int) SECONDS(tv->tv_sec),
289                 (unsigned int) (usec * 100));
290     } else {
291         snprintf(ts, size, "0.%04u sec", (unsigned int) (usec * 10000));
292     }
293 }
294 
295 /*
296  * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
297  *
298  * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
299  * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
300  */
301 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
302 {
303     char *endptr = NULL;
304     long pattern;
305 
306     pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
307     if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
308         printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
309         return -1;
310     }
311 
312     return pattern;
313 }
314 
315 /*
316  * Memory allocation helpers.
317  *
318  * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
319  * that is specified on the command line.
320  */
321 
322 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16
323 static void *qemu_io_alloc(BlockBackend *blk, size_t len, int pattern)
324 {
325     void *buf;
326 
327     if (qemuio_misalign) {
328         len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
329     }
330     buf = blk_blockalign(blk, len);
331     memset(buf, pattern, len);
332     if (qemuio_misalign) {
333         buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
334     }
335     return buf;
336 }
337 
338 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
339 {
340     if (qemuio_misalign) {
341         p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
342     }
343     qemu_vfree(p);
344 }
345 
346 static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int64_t len)
347 {
348     uint64_t i;
349     int j;
350     const uint8_t *p;
351 
352     for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
353         const uint8_t *s = p;
354 
355         printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);
356         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
357             printf("%02x ", *p);
358         }
359         printf(" ");
360         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
361             if (isalnum(*s)) {
362                 printf("%c", *s);
363             } else {
364                 printf(".");
365             }
366         }
367         printf("\n");
368     }
369 }
370 
371 static void print_report(const char *op, struct timeval *t, int64_t offset,
372                          int64_t count, int64_t total, int cnt, bool Cflag)
373 {
374     char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
375 
376     timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
377     if (!Cflag) {
378         cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
379         cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
380         printf("%s %"PRId64"/%"PRId64" bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
381                op, total, count, offset);
382         printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
383                s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
384     } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
385         printf("%"PRId64",%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
386             total, cnt, ts,
387             tdiv((double)total, *t),
388             tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
389     }
390 }
391 
392 /*
393  * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
394  * vector matching it.
395  */
396 static void *
397 create_iovec(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov,
398              int pattern)
399 {
400     size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
401     size_t count = 0;
402     void *buf = NULL;
403     void *p;
404     int i;
405 
406     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
407         char *arg = argv[i];
408         int64_t len;
409 
410         len = cvtnum(arg);
411         if (len < 0) {
412             print_cvtnum_err(len, arg);
413             goto fail;
414         }
415 
416         if (len > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
417             printf("Argument '%s' exceeds maximum size %" PRIu64 "\n", arg,
418                    (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
419             goto fail;
420         }
421 
422         if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES - len) {
423             printf("The total number of bytes exceed the maximum size %" PRIu64
424                    "\n", (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
425             goto fail;
426         }
427 
428         sizes[i] = len;
429         count += len;
430     }
431 
432     qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
433 
434     buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
435 
436     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
437         qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
438         p += sizes[i];
439     }
440 
441 fail:
442     g_free(sizes);
443     return buf;
444 }
445 
446 static int do_pread(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
447                     int64_t count, int64_t *total)
448 {
449     if (count > INT_MAX) {
450         return -ERANGE;
451     }
452 
453     *total = blk_pread(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count);
454     if (*total < 0) {
455         return *total;
456     }
457     return 1;
458 }
459 
460 static int do_pwrite(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
461                      int64_t count, int flags, int64_t *total)
462 {
463     if (count > INT_MAX) {
464         return -ERANGE;
465     }
466 
467     *total = blk_pwrite(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, count, flags);
468     if (*total < 0) {
469         return *total;
470     }
471     return 1;
472 }
473 
474 typedef struct {
475     BlockBackend *blk;
476     int64_t offset;
477     int64_t count;
478     int64_t *total;
479     int flags;
480     int ret;
481     bool done;
482 } CoWriteZeroes;
483 
484 static void coroutine_fn co_pwrite_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)
485 {
486     CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;
487 
488     data->ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(data->blk, data->offset, data->count,
489                                      data->flags);
490     data->done = true;
491     if (data->ret < 0) {
492         *data->total = data->ret;
493         return;
494     }
495 
496     *data->total = data->count;
497 }
498 
499 static int do_co_pwrite_zeroes(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
500                                int64_t count, int flags, int64_t *total)
501 {
502     Coroutine *co;
503     CoWriteZeroes data = {
504         .blk    = blk,
505         .offset = offset,
506         .count  = count,
507         .total  = total,
508         .flags  = flags,
509         .done   = false,
510     };
511 
512     if (count > INT_MAX) {
513         return -ERANGE;
514     }
515 
516     co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_pwrite_zeroes_entry, &data);
517     qemu_coroutine_enter(co);
518     while (!data.done) {
519         aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
520     }
521     if (data.ret < 0) {
522         return data.ret;
523     } else {
524         return 1;
525     }
526 }
527 
528 static int do_write_compressed(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
529                                int64_t count, int64_t *total)
530 {
531     int ret;
532 
533     if (count >> 9 > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS) {
534         return -ERANGE;
535     }
536 
537     ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(blk, offset, buf, count);
538     if (ret < 0) {
539         return ret;
540     }
541     *total = count;
542     return 1;
543 }
544 
545 static int do_load_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
546                            int64_t count, int64_t *total)
547 {
548     if (count > INT_MAX) {
549         return -ERANGE;
550     }
551 
552     *total = blk_load_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
553     if (*total < 0) {
554         return *total;
555     }
556     return 1;
557 }
558 
559 static int do_save_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
560                            int64_t count, int64_t *total)
561 {
562     if (count > INT_MAX) {
563         return -ERANGE;
564     }
565 
566     *total = blk_save_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
567     if (*total < 0) {
568         return *total;
569     }
570     return 1;
571 }
572 
573 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
574 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
575 {
576     *(int *)opaque = ret;
577 }
578 
579 static int do_aio_readv(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
580                         int64_t offset, int *total)
581 {
582     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
583 
584     blk_aio_preadv(blk, offset, qiov, 0, aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
585     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
586         main_loop_wait(false);
587     }
588 
589     *total = qiov->size;
590     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
591 }
592 
593 static int do_aio_writev(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
594                          int64_t offset, int flags, int *total)
595 {
596     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
597 
598     blk_aio_pwritev(blk, offset, qiov, flags, aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
599     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
600         main_loop_wait(false);
601     }
602 
603     *total = qiov->size;
604     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
605 }
606 
607 static void read_help(void)
608 {
609     printf(
610 "\n"
611 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
612 "\n"
613 " Example:\n"
614 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
615 "\n"
616 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
617 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
618 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
619 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
620 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
621 " -p, -- ignored for backwards compatibility\n"
622 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
623 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
624 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
625 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
626 "\n");
627 }
628 
629 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
630 
631 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
632     .name       = "read",
633     .altname    = "r",
634     .cfunc      = read_f,
635     .argmin     = 2,
636     .argmax     = -1,
637     .args       = "[-abCqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
638     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
639     .help       = read_help,
640 };
641 
642 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
643 {
644     struct timeval t1, t2;
645     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, vflag = false;
646     bool Pflag = false, sflag = false, lflag = false, bflag = false;
647     int c, cnt;
648     char *buf;
649     int64_t offset;
650     int64_t count;
651     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
652     int64_t total = 0;
653     int pattern = 0;
654     int64_t pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
655 
656     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != -1) {
657         switch (c) {
658         case 'b':
659             bflag = true;
660             break;
661         case 'C':
662             Cflag = true;
663             break;
664         case 'l':
665             lflag = true;
666             pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
667             if (pattern_count < 0) {
668                 print_cvtnum_err(pattern_count, optarg);
669                 return 0;
670             }
671             break;
672         case 'p':
673             /* Ignored for backwards compatibility */
674             break;
675         case 'P':
676             Pflag = true;
677             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
678             if (pattern < 0) {
679                 return 0;
680             }
681             break;
682         case 'q':
683             qflag = true;
684             break;
685         case 's':
686             sflag = true;
687             pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
688             if (pattern_offset < 0) {
689                 print_cvtnum_err(pattern_offset, optarg);
690                 return 0;
691             }
692             break;
693         case 'v':
694             vflag = true;
695             break;
696         default:
697             return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
698         }
699     }
700 
701     if (optind != argc - 2) {
702         return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
703     }
704 
705     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
706     if (offset < 0) {
707         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
708         return 0;
709     }
710 
711     optind++;
712     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
713     if (count < 0) {
714         print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
715         return 0;
716     } else if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
717         printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
718                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
719         return 0;
720     }
721 
722     if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
723         return qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
724     }
725 
726     if (!lflag) {
727         pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
728     }
729 
730     if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
731         printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
732         return 0;
733     }
734 
735     if (bflag) {
736         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
737             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
738                    offset);
739             return 0;
740         }
741         if (count & 0x1ff) {
742             printf("count %"PRId64" is not sector aligned\n",
743                    count);
744             return 0;
745         }
746     }
747 
748     buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, 0xab);
749 
750     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
751     if (bflag) {
752         cnt = do_load_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
753     } else {
754         cnt = do_pread(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
755     }
756     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
757 
758     if (cnt < 0) {
759         printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
760         goto out;
761     }
762 
763     if (Pflag) {
764         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
765         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
766         if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
767             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
768                    PRId64 ", %"PRId64" bytes\n",
769                    offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
770         }
771         g_free(cmp_buf);
772     }
773 
774     if (qflag) {
775         goto out;
776     }
777 
778     if (vflag) {
779         dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
780     }
781 
782     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
783     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
784     print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
785 
786 out:
787     qemu_io_free(buf);
788 
789     return 0;
790 }
791 
792 static void readv_help(void)
793 {
794     printf(
795 "\n"
796 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
797 "\n"
798 " Example:\n"
799 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
800 "\n"
801 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
802 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
803 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
804 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
805 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
806 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
807 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
808 "\n");
809 }
810 
811 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
812 
813 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
814     .name       = "readv",
815     .cfunc      = readv_f,
816     .argmin     = 2,
817     .argmax     = -1,
818     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
819     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
820     .help       = readv_help,
821 };
822 
823 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
824 {
825     struct timeval t1, t2;
826     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, vflag = false;
827     int c, cnt;
828     char *buf;
829     int64_t offset;
830     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
831     int total = 0;
832     int nr_iov;
833     QEMUIOVector qiov;
834     int pattern = 0;
835     bool Pflag = false;
836 
837     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != -1) {
838         switch (c) {
839         case 'C':
840             Cflag = true;
841             break;
842         case 'P':
843             Pflag = true;
844             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
845             if (pattern < 0) {
846                 return 0;
847             }
848             break;
849         case 'q':
850             qflag = true;
851             break;
852         case 'v':
853             vflag = true;
854             break;
855         default:
856             return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
857         }
858     }
859 
860     if (optind > argc - 2) {
861         return qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
862     }
863 
864 
865     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
866     if (offset < 0) {
867         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
868         return 0;
869     }
870     optind++;
871 
872     nr_iov = argc - optind;
873     buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
874     if (buf == NULL) {
875         return 0;
876     }
877 
878     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
879     cnt = do_aio_readv(blk, &qiov, offset, &total);
880     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
881 
882     if (cnt < 0) {
883         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
884         goto out;
885     }
886 
887     if (Pflag) {
888         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
889         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
890         if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
891             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
892                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
893         }
894         g_free(cmp_buf);
895     }
896 
897     if (qflag) {
898         goto out;
899     }
900 
901     if (vflag) {
902         dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
903     }
904 
905     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
906     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
907     print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
908 
909 out:
910     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
911     qemu_io_free(buf);
912     return 0;
913 }
914 
915 static void write_help(void)
916 {
917     printf(
918 "\n"
919 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
920 "\n"
921 " Example:\n"
922 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
923 "\n"
924 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
925 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
926 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
927 " -c, -- write compressed data with blk_write_compressed\n"
928 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
929 " -p, -- ignored for backwards compatibility\n"
930 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
931 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
932 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
933 " -u, -- with -z, allow unmapping\n"
934 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_co_pwrite_zeroes\n"
935 "\n");
936 }
937 
938 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
939 
940 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
941     .name       = "write",
942     .altname    = "w",
943     .cfunc      = write_f,
944     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
945     .argmin     = 2,
946     .argmax     = -1,
947     .args       = "[-bcCfquz] [-P pattern] off len",
948     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
949     .help       = write_help,
950 };
951 
952 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
953 {
954     struct timeval t1, t2;
955     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, bflag = false;
956     bool Pflag = false, zflag = false, cflag = false;
957     int flags = 0;
958     int c, cnt;
959     char *buf = NULL;
960     int64_t offset;
961     int64_t count;
962     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
963     int64_t total = 0;
964     int pattern = 0xcd;
965 
966     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCfpP:quz")) != -1) {
967         switch (c) {
968         case 'b':
969             bflag = true;
970             break;
971         case 'c':
972             cflag = true;
973             break;
974         case 'C':
975             Cflag = true;
976             break;
977         case 'f':
978             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
979             break;
980         case 'p':
981             /* Ignored for backwards compatibility */
982             break;
983         case 'P':
984             Pflag = true;
985             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
986             if (pattern < 0) {
987                 return 0;
988             }
989             break;
990         case 'q':
991             qflag = true;
992             break;
993         case 'u':
994             flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
995             break;
996         case 'z':
997             zflag = true;
998             break;
999         default:
1000             return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
1001         }
1002     }
1003 
1004     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1005         return qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
1006     }
1007 
1008     if (bflag && zflag) {
1009         printf("-b and -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1010         return 0;
1011     }
1012 
1013     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_FUA) && (bflag || cflag)) {
1014         printf("-f and -b or -c cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1015         return 0;
1016     }
1017 
1018     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) && !zflag) {
1019         printf("-u requires -z to be specified\n");
1020         return 0;
1021     }
1022 
1023     if (zflag && Pflag) {
1024         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1025         return 0;
1026     }
1027 
1028     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1029     if (offset < 0) {
1030         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1031         return 0;
1032     }
1033 
1034     optind++;
1035     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1036     if (count < 0) {
1037         print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1038         return 0;
1039     } else if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
1040         printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
1041                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
1042         return 0;
1043     }
1044 
1045     if (bflag || cflag) {
1046         if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1047             printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1048                    offset);
1049             return 0;
1050         }
1051 
1052         if (count & 0x1ff) {
1053             printf("count %"PRId64" is not sector aligned\n",
1054                    count);
1055             return 0;
1056         }
1057     }
1058 
1059     if (!zflag) {
1060         buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
1061     }
1062 
1063     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1064     if (bflag) {
1065         cnt = do_save_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1066     } else if (zflag) {
1067         cnt = do_co_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset, count, flags, &total);
1068     } else if (cflag) {
1069         cnt = do_write_compressed(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1070     } else {
1071         cnt = do_pwrite(blk, buf, offset, count, flags, &total);
1072     }
1073     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1074 
1075     if (cnt < 0) {
1076         printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1077         goto out;
1078     }
1079 
1080     if (qflag) {
1081         goto out;
1082     }
1083 
1084     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1085     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1086     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
1087 
1088 out:
1089     if (!zflag) {
1090         qemu_io_free(buf);
1091     }
1092 
1093     return 0;
1094 }
1095 
1096 static void
1097 writev_help(void)
1098 {
1099     printf(
1100 "\n"
1101 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
1102 "\n"
1103 " Example:\n"
1104 " 'writev 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1105 "\n"
1106 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1107 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1108 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1109 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1110 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1111 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1112 "\n");
1113 }
1114 
1115 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1116 
1117 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
1118     .name       = "writev",
1119     .cfunc      = writev_f,
1120     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1121     .argmin     = 2,
1122     .argmax     = -1,
1123     .args       = "[-Cfq] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1124     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1125     .help       = writev_help,
1126 };
1127 
1128 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1129 {
1130     struct timeval t1, t2;
1131     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false;
1132     int flags = 0;
1133     int c, cnt;
1134     char *buf;
1135     int64_t offset;
1136     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
1137     int total = 0;
1138     int nr_iov;
1139     int pattern = 0xcd;
1140     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1141 
1142     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CfqP:")) != -1) {
1143         switch (c) {
1144         case 'C':
1145             Cflag = true;
1146             break;
1147         case 'f':
1148             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1149             break;
1150         case 'q':
1151             qflag = true;
1152             break;
1153         case 'P':
1154             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1155             if (pattern < 0) {
1156                 return 0;
1157             }
1158             break;
1159         default:
1160             return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1161         }
1162     }
1163 
1164     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1165         return qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1166     }
1167 
1168     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1169     if (offset < 0) {
1170         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1171         return 0;
1172     }
1173     optind++;
1174 
1175     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1176     buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1177     if (buf == NULL) {
1178         return 0;
1179     }
1180 
1181     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1182     cnt = do_aio_writev(blk, &qiov, offset, flags, &total);
1183     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1184 
1185     if (cnt < 0) {
1186         printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-cnt));
1187         goto out;
1188     }
1189 
1190     if (qflag) {
1191         goto out;
1192     }
1193 
1194     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1195     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1196     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
1197 out:
1198     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
1199     qemu_io_free(buf);
1200     return 0;
1201 }
1202 
1203 struct aio_ctx {
1204     BlockBackend *blk;
1205     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1206     int64_t offset;
1207     char *buf;
1208     bool qflag;
1209     bool vflag;
1210     bool Cflag;
1211     bool Pflag;
1212     bool zflag;
1213     BlockAcctCookie acct;
1214     int pattern;
1215     struct timeval t1;
1216 };
1217 
1218 static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1219 {
1220     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1221     struct timeval t2;
1222 
1223     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1224 
1225 
1226     if (ret < 0) {
1227         printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1228         block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1229         goto out;
1230     }
1231 
1232     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1233 
1234     if (ctx->qflag) {
1235         goto out;
1236     }
1237 
1238     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1239     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1240     print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1241                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1242 out:
1243     if (!ctx->zflag) {
1244         qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1245         qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1246     }
1247     g_free(ctx);
1248 }
1249 
1250 static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1251 {
1252     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1253     struct timeval t2;
1254 
1255     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1256 
1257     if (ret < 0) {
1258         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1259         block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1260         goto out;
1261     }
1262 
1263     if (ctx->Pflag) {
1264         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
1265 
1266         memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
1267         if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
1268             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
1269                    PRId64 ", %zd bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1270         }
1271         g_free(cmp_buf);
1272     }
1273 
1274     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1275 
1276     if (ctx->qflag) {
1277         goto out;
1278     }
1279 
1280     if (ctx->vflag) {
1281         dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1282     }
1283 
1284     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1285     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1286     print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1287                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1288 out:
1289     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1290     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1291     g_free(ctx);
1292 }
1293 
1294 static void aio_read_help(void)
1295 {
1296     printf(
1297 "\n"
1298 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1299 "\n"
1300 " Example:\n"
1301 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1302 "\n"
1303 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
1304 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
1305 " The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1306 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1307 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1308 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
1309 " -i, -- treat request as invalid, for exercising stats\n"
1310 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
1311 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1312 "\n");
1313 }
1314 
1315 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1316 
1317 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
1318     .name       = "aio_read",
1319     .cfunc      = aio_read_f,
1320     .argmin     = 2,
1321     .argmax     = -1,
1322     .args       = "[-Ciqv] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1323     .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
1324     .help       = aio_read_help,
1325 };
1326 
1327 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1328 {
1329     int nr_iov, c;
1330     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1331 
1332     ctx->blk = blk;
1333     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:iqv")) != -1) {
1334         switch (c) {
1335         case 'C':
1336             ctx->Cflag = true;
1337             break;
1338         case 'P':
1339             ctx->Pflag = true;
1340             ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1341             if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
1342                 g_free(ctx);
1343                 return 0;
1344             }
1345             break;
1346         case 'i':
1347             printf("injecting invalid read request\n");
1348             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1349             g_free(ctx);
1350             return 0;
1351         case 'q':
1352             ctx->qflag = true;
1353             break;
1354         case 'v':
1355             ctx->vflag = true;
1356             break;
1357         default:
1358             g_free(ctx);
1359             return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1360         }
1361     }
1362 
1363     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1364         g_free(ctx);
1365         return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1366     }
1367 
1368     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1369     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1370         print_cvtnum_err(ctx->offset, argv[optind]);
1371         g_free(ctx);
1372         return 0;
1373     }
1374     optind++;
1375 
1376     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1377     ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
1378     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1379         block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1380         g_free(ctx);
1381         return 0;
1382     }
1383 
1384     gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1385     block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1386                      BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1387     blk_aio_preadv(blk, ctx->offset, &ctx->qiov, 0, aio_read_done, ctx);
1388     return 0;
1389 }
1390 
1391 static void aio_write_help(void)
1392 {
1393     printf(
1394 "\n"
1395 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
1396 " from multiple buffers\n"
1397 "\n"
1398 " Example:\n"
1399 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1400 "\n"
1401 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1402 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1403 " The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1404 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1405 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1406 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1407 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1408 " -i, -- treat request as invalid, for exercising stats\n"
1409 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1410 " -u, -- with -z, allow unmapping\n"
1411 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes\n"
1412 "\n");
1413 }
1414 
1415 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1416 
1417 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1418     .name       = "aio_write",
1419     .cfunc      = aio_write_f,
1420     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1421     .argmin     = 2,
1422     .argmax     = -1,
1423     .args       = "[-Cfiquz] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1424     .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1425     .help       = aio_write_help,
1426 };
1427 
1428 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1429 {
1430     int nr_iov, c;
1431     int pattern = 0xcd;
1432     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1433     int flags = 0;
1434 
1435     ctx->blk = blk;
1436     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CfiqP:uz")) != -1) {
1437         switch (c) {
1438         case 'C':
1439             ctx->Cflag = true;
1440             break;
1441         case 'f':
1442             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1443             break;
1444         case 'q':
1445             ctx->qflag = true;
1446             break;
1447         case 'u':
1448             flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1449             break;
1450         case 'P':
1451             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1452             if (pattern < 0) {
1453                 g_free(ctx);
1454                 return 0;
1455             }
1456             break;
1457         case 'i':
1458             printf("injecting invalid write request\n");
1459             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1460             g_free(ctx);
1461             return 0;
1462         case 'z':
1463             ctx->zflag = true;
1464             break;
1465         default:
1466             g_free(ctx);
1467             return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1468         }
1469     }
1470 
1471     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1472         g_free(ctx);
1473         return qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1474     }
1475 
1476     if (ctx->zflag && optind != argc - 2) {
1477         printf("-z supports only a single length parameter\n");
1478         g_free(ctx);
1479         return 0;
1480     }
1481 
1482     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) && !ctx->zflag) {
1483         printf("-u requires -z to be specified\n");
1484         g_free(ctx);
1485         return 0;
1486     }
1487 
1488     if (ctx->zflag && ctx->Pflag) {
1489         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1490         g_free(ctx);
1491         return 0;
1492     }
1493 
1494     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1495     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1496         print_cvtnum_err(ctx->offset, argv[optind]);
1497         g_free(ctx);
1498         return 0;
1499     }
1500     optind++;
1501 
1502     if (ctx->zflag) {
1503         int64_t count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1504         if (count < 0) {
1505             print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1506             g_free(ctx);
1507             return 0;
1508         }
1509 
1510         ctx->qiov.size = count;
1511         blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes(blk, ctx->offset, count, flags, aio_write_done,
1512                               ctx);
1513     } else {
1514         nr_iov = argc - optind;
1515         ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov,
1516                                 pattern);
1517         if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1518             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1519             g_free(ctx);
1520             return 0;
1521         }
1522 
1523         gettimeofday(&ctx->t1, NULL);
1524         block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1525                          BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1526 
1527         blk_aio_pwritev(blk, ctx->offset, &ctx->qiov, flags, aio_write_done,
1528                         ctx);
1529     }
1530     return 0;
1531 }
1532 
1533 static int aio_flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1534 {
1535     BlockAcctCookie cookie;
1536     block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie, 0, BLOCK_ACCT_FLUSH);
1537     blk_drain_all();
1538     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie);
1539     return 0;
1540 }
1541 
1542 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1543     .name       = "aio_flush",
1544     .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,
1545     .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
1546 };
1547 
1548 static int flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1549 {
1550     blk_flush(blk);
1551     return 0;
1552 }
1553 
1554 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1555     .name       = "flush",
1556     .altname    = "f",
1557     .cfunc      = flush_f,
1558     .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1559 };
1560 
1561 static int truncate_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1562 {
1563     int64_t offset;
1564     int ret;
1565 
1566     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1567     if (offset < 0) {
1568         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
1569         return 0;
1570     }
1571 
1572     ret = blk_truncate(blk, offset);
1573     if (ret < 0) {
1574         printf("truncate: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1575         return 0;
1576     }
1577 
1578     return 0;
1579 }
1580 
1581 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1582     .name       = "truncate",
1583     .altname    = "t",
1584     .cfunc      = truncate_f,
1585     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_RESIZE,
1586     .argmin     = 1,
1587     .argmax     = 1,
1588     .args       = "off",
1589     .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1590 };
1591 
1592 static int length_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1593 {
1594     int64_t size;
1595     char s1[64];
1596 
1597     size = blk_getlength(blk);
1598     if (size < 0) {
1599         printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
1600         return 0;
1601     }
1602 
1603     cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1604     printf("%s\n", s1);
1605     return 0;
1606 }
1607 
1608 
1609 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1610     .name   = "length",
1611     .altname    = "l",
1612     .cfunc      = length_f,
1613     .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",
1614 };
1615 
1616 
1617 static int info_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1618 {
1619     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1620     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1621     ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info;
1622     char s1[64], s2[64];
1623     int ret;
1624 
1625     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
1626         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1627     }
1628     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
1629         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1630     }
1631 
1632     ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1633     if (ret) {
1634         return 0;
1635     }
1636 
1637     cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1638     cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1639 
1640     printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1641     printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1642 
1643     spec_info = bdrv_get_specific_info(bs);
1644     if (spec_info) {
1645         printf("Format specific information:\n");
1646         bdrv_image_info_specific_dump(fprintf, stdout, spec_info);
1647         qapi_free_ImageInfoSpecific(spec_info);
1648     }
1649 
1650     return 0;
1651 }
1652 
1653 
1654 
1655 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1656     .name       = "info",
1657     .altname    = "i",
1658     .cfunc      = info_f,
1659     .oneline    = "prints information about the current file",
1660 };
1661 
1662 static void discard_help(void)
1663 {
1664     printf(
1665 "\n"
1666 " discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1667 "\n"
1668 " Example:\n"
1669 " 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1670 "\n"
1671 " Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
1672 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1673 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1674 "\n");
1675 }
1676 
1677 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1678 
1679 static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
1680     .name       = "discard",
1681     .altname    = "d",
1682     .cfunc      = discard_f,
1683     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1684     .argmin     = 2,
1685     .argmax     = -1,
1686     .args       = "[-Cq] off len",
1687     .oneline    = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1688     .help       = discard_help,
1689 };
1690 
1691 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1692 {
1693     struct timeval t1, t2;
1694     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false;
1695     int c, ret;
1696     int64_t offset, count;
1697 
1698     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1699         switch (c) {
1700         case 'C':
1701             Cflag = true;
1702             break;
1703         case 'q':
1704             qflag = true;
1705             break;
1706         default:
1707             return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1708         }
1709     }
1710 
1711     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1712         return qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1713     }
1714 
1715     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1716     if (offset < 0) {
1717         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1718         return 0;
1719     }
1720 
1721     optind++;
1722     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1723     if (count < 0) {
1724         print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1725         return 0;
1726     } else if (count >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS) {
1727         printf("length cannot exceed %"PRIu64", given %s\n",
1728                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
1729                argv[optind]);
1730         return 0;
1731     }
1732 
1733     gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
1734     ret = blk_pdiscard(blk, offset, count);
1735     gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
1736 
1737     if (ret < 0) {
1738         printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1739         goto out;
1740     }
1741 
1742     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1743     if (!qflag) {
1744         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1745         print_report("discard", &t2, offset, count, count, 1, Cflag);
1746     }
1747 
1748 out:
1749     return 0;
1750 }
1751 
1752 static int alloc_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1753 {
1754     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1755     int64_t offset, sector_num, nb_sectors, remaining;
1756     char s1[64];
1757     int num, ret;
1758     int64_t sum_alloc;
1759 
1760     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1761     if (offset < 0) {
1762         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
1763         return 0;
1764     } else if (offset & 0x1ff) {
1765         printf("offset %" PRId64 " is not sector aligned\n",
1766                offset);
1767         return 0;
1768     }
1769 
1770     if (argc == 3) {
1771         nb_sectors = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1772         if (nb_sectors < 0) {
1773             print_cvtnum_err(nb_sectors, argv[2]);
1774             return 0;
1775         } else if (nb_sectors > INT_MAX) {
1776             printf("length argument cannot exceed %d, given %s\n",
1777                    INT_MAX, argv[2]);
1778             return 0;
1779         }
1780     } else {
1781         nb_sectors = 1;
1782     }
1783 
1784     remaining = nb_sectors;
1785     sum_alloc = 0;
1786     sector_num = offset >> 9;
1787     while (remaining) {
1788         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, remaining, &num);
1789         if (ret < 0) {
1790             printf("is_allocated failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1791             return 0;
1792         }
1793         sector_num += num;
1794         remaining -= num;
1795         if (ret) {
1796             sum_alloc += num;
1797         }
1798         if (num == 0) {
1799             nb_sectors -= remaining;
1800             remaining = 0;
1801         }
1802     }
1803 
1804     cvtstr(offset, s1, sizeof(s1));
1805 
1806     printf("%"PRId64"/%"PRId64" sectors allocated at offset %s\n",
1807            sum_alloc, nb_sectors, s1);
1808     return 0;
1809 }
1810 
1811 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1812     .name       = "alloc",
1813     .altname    = "a",
1814     .argmin     = 1,
1815     .argmax     = 2,
1816     .cfunc      = alloc_f,
1817     .args       = "off [sectors]",
1818     .oneline    = "checks if a sector is present in the file",
1819 };
1820 
1821 
1822 static int map_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1823                             int64_t nb_sectors, int64_t *pnum)
1824 {
1825     int num, num_checked;
1826     int ret, firstret;
1827 
1828     num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1829     ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
1830     if (ret < 0) {
1831         return ret;
1832     }
1833 
1834     firstret = ret;
1835     *pnum = num;
1836 
1837     while (nb_sectors > 0 && ret == firstret) {
1838         sector_num += num;
1839         nb_sectors -= num;
1840 
1841         num_checked = MIN(nb_sectors, INT_MAX);
1842         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector_num, num_checked, &num);
1843         if (ret == firstret && num) {
1844             *pnum += num;
1845         } else {
1846             break;
1847         }
1848     }
1849 
1850     return firstret;
1851 }
1852 
1853 static int map_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1854 {
1855     int64_t offset;
1856     int64_t nb_sectors, total_sectors;
1857     char s1[64];
1858     int64_t num;
1859     int ret;
1860     const char *retstr;
1861 
1862     offset = 0;
1863     total_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(blk);
1864     if (total_sectors < 0) {
1865         error_report("Failed to query image length: %s",
1866                      strerror(-total_sectors));
1867         return 0;
1868     }
1869 
1870     nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1871 
1872     do {
1873         ret = map_is_allocated(blk_bs(blk), offset, nb_sectors, &num);
1874         if (ret < 0) {
1875             error_report("Failed to get allocation status: %s", strerror(-ret));
1876             return 0;
1877         } else if (!num) {
1878             error_report("Unexpected end of image");
1879             return 0;
1880         }
1881 
1882         retstr = ret ? "    allocated" : "not allocated";
1883         cvtstr(offset << 9ULL, s1, sizeof(s1));
1884         printf("[% 24" PRId64 "] % 8" PRId64 "/% 8" PRId64 " sectors %s "
1885                "at offset %s (%d)\n",
1886                offset << 9ULL, num, nb_sectors, retstr, s1, ret);
1887 
1888         offset += num;
1889         nb_sectors -= num;
1890     } while (offset < total_sectors);
1891 
1892     return 0;
1893 }
1894 
1895 static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
1896        .name           = "map",
1897        .argmin         = 0,
1898        .argmax         = 0,
1899        .cfunc          = map_f,
1900        .args           = "",
1901        .oneline        = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
1902 };
1903 
1904 static void reopen_help(void)
1905 {
1906     printf(
1907 "\n"
1908 " Changes the open options of an already opened image\n"
1909 "\n"
1910 " Example:\n"
1911 " 'reopen -o lazy-refcounts=on' - activates lazy refcount writeback on a qcow2 image\n"
1912 "\n"
1913 " -r, -- Reopen the image read-only\n"
1914 " -c, -- Change the cache mode to the given value\n"
1915 " -o, -- Changes block driver options (cf. 'open' command)\n"
1916 "\n");
1917 }
1918 
1919 static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1920 
1921 static QemuOptsList reopen_opts = {
1922     .name = "reopen",
1923     .merge_lists = true,
1924     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(reopen_opts.head),
1925     .desc = {
1926         /* no elements => accept any params */
1927         { /* end of list */ }
1928     },
1929 };
1930 
1931 static const cmdinfo_t reopen_cmd = {
1932        .name           = "reopen",
1933        .argmin         = 0,
1934        .argmax         = -1,
1935        .cfunc          = reopen_f,
1936        .args           = "[-r] [-c cache] [-o options]",
1937        .oneline        = "reopens an image with new options",
1938        .help           = reopen_help,
1939 };
1940 
1941 static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1942 {
1943     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1944     QemuOpts *qopts;
1945     QDict *opts;
1946     int c;
1947     int flags = bs->open_flags;
1948     bool writethrough = !blk_enable_write_cache(blk);
1949 
1950     BlockReopenQueue *brq;
1951     Error *local_err = NULL;
1952 
1953     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:o:r")) != -1) {
1954         switch (c) {
1955         case 'c':
1956             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
1957                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
1958                 return 0;
1959             }
1960             break;
1961         case 'o':
1962             if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&reopen_opts, optarg, 0)) {
1963                 qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1964                 return 0;
1965             }
1966             break;
1967         case 'r':
1968             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
1969             break;
1970         default:
1971             qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1972             return qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
1973         }
1974     }
1975 
1976     if (optind != argc) {
1977         qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1978         return qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
1979     }
1980 
1981     if (writethrough != blk_enable_write_cache(blk) &&
1982         blk_get_attached_dev(blk))
1983     {
1984         error_report("Cannot change cache.writeback: Device attached");
1985         qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1986         return 0;
1987     }
1988 
1989     qopts = qemu_opts_find(&reopen_opts, NULL);
1990     opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL;
1991     qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
1992 
1993     brq = bdrv_reopen_queue(NULL, bs, opts, flags);
1994     bdrv_reopen_multiple(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs), brq, &local_err);
1995     if (local_err) {
1996         error_report_err(local_err);
1997     } else {
1998         blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
1999     }
2000 
2001     return 0;
2002 }
2003 
2004 static int break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2005 {
2006     int ret;
2007 
2008     ret = bdrv_debug_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1], argv[2]);
2009     if (ret < 0) {
2010         printf("Could not set breakpoint: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2011     }
2012 
2013     return 0;
2014 }
2015 
2016 static int remove_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2017 {
2018     int ret;
2019 
2020     ret = bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2021     if (ret < 0) {
2022         printf("Could not remove breakpoint %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(-ret));
2023     }
2024 
2025     return 0;
2026 }
2027 
2028 static const cmdinfo_t break_cmd = {
2029        .name           = "break",
2030        .argmin         = 2,
2031        .argmax         = 2,
2032        .cfunc          = break_f,
2033        .args           = "event tag",
2034        .oneline        = "sets a breakpoint on event and tags the stopped "
2035                          "request as tag",
2036 };
2037 
2038 static const cmdinfo_t remove_break_cmd = {
2039        .name           = "remove_break",
2040        .argmin         = 1,
2041        .argmax         = 1,
2042        .cfunc          = remove_break_f,
2043        .args           = "tag",
2044        .oneline        = "remove a breakpoint by tag",
2045 };
2046 
2047 static int resume_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2048 {
2049     int ret;
2050 
2051     ret = bdrv_debug_resume(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2052     if (ret < 0) {
2053         printf("Could not resume request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2054     }
2055 
2056     return 0;
2057 }
2058 
2059 static const cmdinfo_t resume_cmd = {
2060        .name           = "resume",
2061        .argmin         = 1,
2062        .argmax         = 1,
2063        .cfunc          = resume_f,
2064        .args           = "tag",
2065        .oneline        = "resumes the request tagged as tag",
2066 };
2067 
2068 static int wait_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2069 {
2070     while (!bdrv_debug_is_suspended(blk_bs(blk), argv[1])) {
2071         aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
2072     }
2073 
2074     return 0;
2075 }
2076 
2077 static const cmdinfo_t wait_break_cmd = {
2078        .name           = "wait_break",
2079        .argmin         = 1,
2080        .argmax         = 1,
2081        .cfunc          = wait_break_f,
2082        .args           = "tag",
2083        .oneline        = "waits for the suspension of a request",
2084 };
2085 
2086 static int abort_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2087 {
2088     abort();
2089 }
2090 
2091 static const cmdinfo_t abort_cmd = {
2092        .name           = "abort",
2093        .cfunc          = abort_f,
2094        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2095        .oneline        = "simulate a program crash using abort(3)",
2096 };
2097 
2098 static void sigraise_help(void)
2099 {
2100     printf(
2101 "\n"
2102 " raises the given signal\n"
2103 "\n"
2104 " Example:\n"
2105 " 'sigraise %i' - raises SIGTERM\n"
2106 "\n"
2107 " Invokes raise(signal), where \"signal\" is the mandatory integer argument\n"
2108 " given to sigraise.\n"
2109 "\n", SIGTERM);
2110 }
2111 
2112 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
2113 
2114 static const cmdinfo_t sigraise_cmd = {
2115     .name       = "sigraise",
2116     .cfunc      = sigraise_f,
2117     .argmin     = 1,
2118     .argmax     = 1,
2119     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2120     .args       = "signal",
2121     .oneline    = "raises a signal",
2122     .help       = sigraise_help,
2123 };
2124 
2125 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2126 {
2127     int64_t sig = cvtnum(argv[1]);
2128     if (sig < 0) {
2129         print_cvtnum_err(sig, argv[1]);
2130         return 0;
2131     } else if (sig > NSIG) {
2132         printf("signal argument '%s' is too large to be a valid signal\n",
2133                argv[1]);
2134         return 0;
2135     }
2136 
2137     /* Using raise() to kill this process does not necessarily flush all open
2138      * streams. At least stdout and stderr (although the latter should be
2139      * non-buffered anyway) should be flushed, though. */
2140     fflush(stdout);
2141     fflush(stderr);
2142 
2143     raise(sig);
2144     return 0;
2145 }
2146 
2147 static void sleep_cb(void *opaque)
2148 {
2149     bool *expired = opaque;
2150     *expired = true;
2151 }
2152 
2153 static int sleep_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2154 {
2155     char *endptr;
2156     long ms;
2157     struct QEMUTimer *timer;
2158     bool expired = false;
2159 
2160     ms = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 0);
2161     if (ms < 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
2162         printf("%s is not a valid number\n", argv[1]);
2163         return 0;
2164     }
2165 
2166     timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST, sleep_cb, &expired);
2167     timer_mod(timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) + SCALE_MS * ms);
2168 
2169     while (!expired) {
2170         main_loop_wait(false);
2171     }
2172 
2173     timer_free(timer);
2174 
2175     return 0;
2176 }
2177 
2178 static const cmdinfo_t sleep_cmd = {
2179        .name           = "sleep",
2180        .argmin         = 1,
2181        .argmax         = 1,
2182        .cfunc          = sleep_f,
2183        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2184        .oneline        = "waits for the given value in milliseconds",
2185 };
2186 
2187 static void help_oneline(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2188 {
2189     if (cmd) {
2190         printf("%s ", cmd);
2191     } else {
2192         printf("%s ", ct->name);
2193         if (ct->altname) {
2194             printf("(or %s) ", ct->altname);
2195         }
2196     }
2197 
2198     if (ct->args) {
2199         printf("%s ", ct->args);
2200     }
2201     printf("-- %s\n", ct->oneline);
2202 }
2203 
2204 static void help_onecmd(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2205 {
2206     help_oneline(cmd, ct);
2207     if (ct->help) {
2208         ct->help();
2209     }
2210 }
2211 
2212 static void help_all(void)
2213 {
2214     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2215 
2216     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
2217         help_oneline(ct->name, ct);
2218     }
2219     printf("\nUse 'help commandname' for extended help.\n");
2220 }
2221 
2222 static int help_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2223 {
2224     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2225 
2226     if (argc == 1) {
2227         help_all();
2228         return 0;
2229     }
2230 
2231     ct = find_command(argv[1]);
2232     if (ct == NULL) {
2233         printf("command %s not found\n", argv[1]);
2234         return 0;
2235     }
2236 
2237     help_onecmd(argv[1], ct);
2238     return 0;
2239 }
2240 
2241 static const cmdinfo_t help_cmd = {
2242     .name       = "help",
2243     .altname    = "?",
2244     .cfunc      = help_f,
2245     .argmin     = 0,
2246     .argmax     = 1,
2247     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
2248     .args       = "[command]",
2249     .oneline    = "help for one or all commands",
2250 };
2251 
2252 bool qemuio_command(BlockBackend *blk, const char *cmd)
2253 {
2254     AioContext *ctx;
2255     char *input;
2256     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2257     char **v;
2258     int c;
2259     bool done = false;
2260 
2261     input = g_strdup(cmd);
2262     v = breakline(input, &c);
2263     if (c) {
2264         ct = find_command(v[0]);
2265         if (ct) {
2266             ctx = blk ? blk_get_aio_context(blk) : qemu_get_aio_context();
2267             aio_context_acquire(ctx);
2268             done = command(blk, ct, c, v);
2269             aio_context_release(ctx);
2270         } else {
2271             fprintf(stderr, "command \"%s\" not found\n", v[0]);
2272         }
2273     }
2274     g_free(input);
2275     g_free(v);
2276 
2277     return done;
2278 }
2279 
2280 static void __attribute((constructor)) init_qemuio_commands(void)
2281 {
2282     /* initialize commands */
2283     qemuio_add_command(&help_cmd);
2284     qemuio_add_command(&read_cmd);
2285     qemuio_add_command(&readv_cmd);
2286     qemuio_add_command(&write_cmd);
2287     qemuio_add_command(&writev_cmd);
2288     qemuio_add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
2289     qemuio_add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
2290     qemuio_add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
2291     qemuio_add_command(&flush_cmd);
2292     qemuio_add_command(&truncate_cmd);
2293     qemuio_add_command(&length_cmd);
2294     qemuio_add_command(&info_cmd);
2295     qemuio_add_command(&discard_cmd);
2296     qemuio_add_command(&alloc_cmd);
2297     qemuio_add_command(&map_cmd);
2298     qemuio_add_command(&reopen_cmd);
2299     qemuio_add_command(&break_cmd);
2300     qemuio_add_command(&remove_break_cmd);
2301     qemuio_add_command(&resume_cmd);
2302     qemuio_add_command(&wait_break_cmd);
2303     qemuio_add_command(&abort_cmd);
2304     qemuio_add_command(&sleep_cmd);
2305     qemuio_add_command(&sigraise_cmd);
2306 }
2307