xref: /openbmc/qemu/qemu-io-cmds.c (revision 3d9569b8)
1 /*
2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
6  *
7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
9  */
10 
11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
12 #include "qapi/error.h"
13 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
14 #include "qemu-io.h"
15 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
16 #include "block/block.h"
17 #include "block/block_int.h" /* for info_f() */
18 #include "block/qapi.h"
19 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
20 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
21 #include "qemu/option.h"
22 #include "qemu/timer.h"
23 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
24 
25 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
26 
27 bool qemuio_misalign;
28 
29 static cmdinfo_t *cmdtab;
30 static int ncmds;
31 
32 static int compare_cmdname(const void *a, const void *b)
33 {
34     return strcmp(((const cmdinfo_t *)a)->name,
35                   ((const cmdinfo_t *)b)->name);
36 }
37 
38 void qemuio_add_command(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
39 {
40     /* ci->perm assumes a file is open, but the GLOBAL and NOFILE_OK
41      * flags allow it not to be, so that combination is invalid.
42      * Catch it now rather than letting it manifest as a crash if a
43      * particular set of command line options are used.
44      */
45     assert(ci->perm == 0 ||
46            (ci->flags & (CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL | CMD_NOFILE_OK)) == 0);
47     cmdtab = g_renew(cmdinfo_t, cmdtab, ++ncmds);
48     cmdtab[ncmds - 1] = *ci;
49     qsort(cmdtab, ncmds, sizeof(*cmdtab), compare_cmdname);
50 }
51 
52 void qemuio_command_usage(const cmdinfo_t *ci)
53 {
54     printf("%s %s -- %s\n", ci->name, ci->args, ci->oneline);
55 }
56 
57 static int init_check_command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
58 {
59     if (ct->flags & CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL) {
60         return 1;
61     }
62     if (!(ct->flags & CMD_NOFILE_OK) && !blk) {
63         fprintf(stderr, "no file open, try 'help open'\n");
64         return 0;
65     }
66     return 1;
67 }
68 
69 static int command(BlockBackend *blk, const cmdinfo_t *ct, int argc,
70                    char **argv)
71 {
72     char *cmd = argv[0];
73 
74     if (!init_check_command(blk, ct)) {
75         return -EINVAL;
76     }
77 
78     if (argc - 1 < ct->argmin || (ct->argmax != -1 && argc - 1 > ct->argmax)) {
79         if (ct->argmax == -1) {
80             fprintf(stderr,
81                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected at least %d arguments\n",
82                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
83         } else if (ct->argmin == ct->argmax) {
84             fprintf(stderr,
85                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected %d arguments\n",
86                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin);
87         } else {
88             fprintf(stderr,
89                     "bad argument count %d to %s, expected between %d and %d arguments\n",
90                     argc-1, cmd, ct->argmin, ct->argmax);
91         }
92         return -EINVAL;
93     }
94 
95     /* Request additional permissions if necessary for this command. The caller
96      * is responsible for restoring the original permissions afterwards if this
97      * is what it wants. */
98     if (ct->perm && blk_is_available(blk)) {
99         uint64_t orig_perm, orig_shared_perm;
100         blk_get_perm(blk, &orig_perm, &orig_shared_perm);
101 
102         if (ct->perm & ~orig_perm) {
103             uint64_t new_perm;
104             Error *local_err = NULL;
105             int ret;
106 
107             new_perm = orig_perm | ct->perm;
108 
109             ret = blk_set_perm(blk, new_perm, orig_shared_perm, &local_err);
110             if (ret < 0) {
111                 error_report_err(local_err);
112                 return ret;
113             }
114         }
115     }
116 
117     qemu_reset_optind();
118     return ct->cfunc(blk, argc, argv);
119 }
120 
121 static const cmdinfo_t *find_command(const char *cmd)
122 {
123     cmdinfo_t *ct;
124 
125     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
126         if (strcmp(ct->name, cmd) == 0 ||
127             (ct->altname && strcmp(ct->altname, cmd) == 0))
128         {
129             return (const cmdinfo_t *)ct;
130         }
131     }
132     return NULL;
133 }
134 
135 /* Invoke fn() for commands with a matching prefix */
136 void qemuio_complete_command(const char *input,
137                              void (*fn)(const char *cmd, void *opaque),
138                              void *opaque)
139 {
140     cmdinfo_t *ct;
141     size_t input_len = strlen(input);
142 
143     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
144         if (strncmp(input, ct->name, input_len) == 0) {
145             fn(ct->name, opaque);
146         }
147     }
148 }
149 
150 static char **breakline(char *input, int *count)
151 {
152     int c = 0;
153     char *p;
154     char **rval = g_new0(char *, 1);
155 
156     while (rval && (p = qemu_strsep(&input, " ")) != NULL) {
157         if (!*p) {
158             continue;
159         }
160         c++;
161         rval = g_renew(char *, rval, (c + 1));
162         rval[c - 1] = p;
163         rval[c] = NULL;
164     }
165     *count = c;
166     return rval;
167 }
168 
169 static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
170 {
171     int err;
172     uint64_t value;
173 
174     err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
175     if (err < 0) {
176         return err;
177     }
178     if (value > INT64_MAX) {
179         return -ERANGE;
180     }
181     return value;
182 }
183 
184 static void print_cvtnum_err(int64_t rc, const char *arg)
185 {
186     switch (rc) {
187     case -EINVAL:
188         printf("Parsing error: non-numeric argument,"
189                " or extraneous/unrecognized suffix -- %s\n", arg);
190         break;
191     case -ERANGE:
192         printf("Parsing error: argument too large -- %s\n", arg);
193         break;
194     default:
195         printf("Parsing error: %s\n", arg);
196     }
197 }
198 
199 #define EXABYTES(x)     ((long long)(x) << 60)
200 #define PETABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 50)
201 #define TERABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 40)
202 #define GIGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 30)
203 #define MEGABYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 20)
204 #define KILOBYTES(x)    ((long long)(x) << 10)
205 
206 #define TO_EXABYTES(x)  ((x) / EXABYTES(1))
207 #define TO_PETABYTES(x) ((x) / PETABYTES(1))
208 #define TO_TERABYTES(x) ((x) / TERABYTES(1))
209 #define TO_GIGABYTES(x) ((x) / GIGABYTES(1))
210 #define TO_MEGABYTES(x) ((x) / MEGABYTES(1))
211 #define TO_KILOBYTES(x) ((x) / KILOBYTES(1))
212 
213 static void cvtstr(double value, char *str, size_t size)
214 {
215     char *trim;
216     const char *suffix;
217 
218     if (value >= EXABYTES(1)) {
219         suffix = " EiB";
220         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_EXABYTES(value));
221     } else if (value >= PETABYTES(1)) {
222         suffix = " PiB";
223         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_PETABYTES(value));
224     } else if (value >= TERABYTES(1)) {
225         suffix = " TiB";
226         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_TERABYTES(value));
227     } else if (value >= GIGABYTES(1)) {
228         suffix = " GiB";
229         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_GIGABYTES(value));
230     } else if (value >= MEGABYTES(1)) {
231         suffix = " MiB";
232         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_MEGABYTES(value));
233     } else if (value >= KILOBYTES(1)) {
234         suffix = " KiB";
235         snprintf(str, size - 4, "%.3f", TO_KILOBYTES(value));
236     } else {
237         suffix = " bytes";
238         snprintf(str, size - 6, "%f", value);
239     }
240 
241     trim = strstr(str, ".000");
242     if (trim) {
243         strcpy(trim, suffix);
244     } else {
245         strcat(str, suffix);
246     }
247 }
248 
249 
250 
251 static struct timespec tsub(struct timespec t1, struct timespec t2)
252 {
253     t1.tv_nsec -= t2.tv_nsec;
254     if (t1.tv_nsec < 0) {
255         t1.tv_nsec += NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND;
256         t1.tv_sec--;
257     }
258     t1.tv_sec -= t2.tv_sec;
259     return t1;
260 }
261 
262 static double tdiv(double value, struct timespec tv)
263 {
264     double seconds = tv.tv_sec + (tv.tv_nsec / 1e9);
265     return value / seconds;
266 }
267 
268 #define HOURS(sec)      ((sec) / (60 * 60))
269 #define MINUTES(sec)    (((sec) % (60 * 60)) / 60)
270 #define SECONDS(sec)    ((sec) % 60)
271 
272 enum {
273     DEFAULT_TIME        = 0x0,
274     TERSE_FIXED_TIME    = 0x1,
275     VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME  = 0x2,
276 };
277 
278 static void timestr(struct timespec *tv, char *ts, size_t size, int format)
279 {
280     double frac_sec = tv->tv_nsec / 1e9;
281 
282     if (format & TERSE_FIXED_TIME) {
283         if (!HOURS(tv->tv_sec)) {
284             snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%05.2f",
285                      (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
286                      SECONDS(tv->tv_sec) + frac_sec);
287             return;
288         }
289         format |= VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME; /* fallback if hours needed */
290     }
291 
292     if ((format & VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME) || tv->tv_sec) {
293         snprintf(ts, size, "%u:%02u:%05.2f",
294                 (unsigned int) HOURS(tv->tv_sec),
295                 (unsigned int) MINUTES(tv->tv_sec),
296                  SECONDS(tv->tv_sec) + frac_sec);
297     } else {
298         snprintf(ts, size, "%05.2f sec", frac_sec);
299     }
300 }
301 
302 /*
303  * Parse the pattern argument to various sub-commands.
304  *
305  * Because the pattern is used as an argument to memset it must evaluate
306  * to an unsigned integer that fits into a single byte.
307  */
308 static int parse_pattern(const char *arg)
309 {
310     char *endptr = NULL;
311     long pattern;
312 
313     pattern = strtol(arg, &endptr, 0);
314     if (pattern < 0 || pattern > UCHAR_MAX || *endptr != '\0') {
315         printf("%s is not a valid pattern byte\n", arg);
316         return -1;
317     }
318 
319     return pattern;
320 }
321 
322 /*
323  * Memory allocation helpers.
324  *
325  * Make sure memory is aligned by default, or purposefully misaligned if
326  * that is specified on the command line.
327  */
328 
329 #define MISALIGN_OFFSET     16
330 static void *qemu_io_alloc(BlockBackend *blk, size_t len, int pattern)
331 {
332     void *buf;
333 
334     if (qemuio_misalign) {
335         len += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
336     }
337     buf = blk_blockalign(blk, len);
338     memset(buf, pattern, len);
339     if (qemuio_misalign) {
340         buf += MISALIGN_OFFSET;
341     }
342     return buf;
343 }
344 
345 static void qemu_io_free(void *p)
346 {
347     if (qemuio_misalign) {
348         p -= MISALIGN_OFFSET;
349     }
350     qemu_vfree(p);
351 }
352 
353 static void dump_buffer(const void *buffer, int64_t offset, int64_t len)
354 {
355     uint64_t i;
356     int j;
357     const uint8_t *p;
358 
359     for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < len; i += 16) {
360         const uint8_t *s = p;
361 
362         printf("%08" PRIx64 ":  ", offset + i);
363         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, p++) {
364             printf("%02x ", *p);
365         }
366         printf(" ");
367         for (j = 0; j < 16 && i + j < len; j++, s++) {
368             if (isalnum(*s)) {
369                 printf("%c", *s);
370             } else {
371                 printf(".");
372             }
373         }
374         printf("\n");
375     }
376 }
377 
378 static void print_report(const char *op, struct timespec *t, int64_t offset,
379                          int64_t count, int64_t total, int cnt, bool Cflag)
380 {
381     char s1[64], s2[64], ts[64];
382 
383     timestr(t, ts, sizeof(ts), Cflag ? VERBOSE_FIXED_TIME : 0);
384     if (!Cflag) {
385         cvtstr((double)total, s1, sizeof(s1));
386         cvtstr(tdiv((double)total, *t), s2, sizeof(s2));
387         printf("%s %"PRId64"/%"PRId64" bytes at offset %" PRId64 "\n",
388                op, total, count, offset);
389         printf("%s, %d ops; %s (%s/sec and %.4f ops/sec)\n",
390                s1, cnt, ts, s2, tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
391     } else {/* bytes,ops,time,bytes/sec,ops/sec */
392         printf("%"PRId64",%d,%s,%.3f,%.3f\n",
393             total, cnt, ts,
394             tdiv((double)total, *t),
395             tdiv((double)cnt, *t));
396     }
397 }
398 
399 /*
400  * Parse multiple length statements for vectored I/O, and construct an I/O
401  * vector matching it.
402  */
403 static void *
404 create_iovec(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov, char **argv, int nr_iov,
405              int pattern)
406 {
407     size_t *sizes = g_new0(size_t, nr_iov);
408     size_t count = 0;
409     void *buf = NULL;
410     void *p;
411     int i;
412 
413     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
414         char *arg = argv[i];
415         int64_t len;
416 
417         len = cvtnum(arg);
418         if (len < 0) {
419             print_cvtnum_err(len, arg);
420             goto fail;
421         }
422 
423         if (len > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
424             printf("Argument '%s' exceeds maximum size %" PRIu64 "\n", arg,
425                    (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
426             goto fail;
427         }
428 
429         if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES - len) {
430             printf("The total number of bytes exceed the maximum size %" PRIu64
431                    "\n", (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
432             goto fail;
433         }
434 
435         sizes[i] = len;
436         count += len;
437     }
438 
439     qemu_iovec_init(qiov, nr_iov);
440 
441     buf = p = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
442 
443     for (i = 0; i < nr_iov; i++) {
444         qemu_iovec_add(qiov, p, sizes[i]);
445         p += sizes[i];
446     }
447 
448 fail:
449     g_free(sizes);
450     return buf;
451 }
452 
453 static int do_pread(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
454                     int64_t bytes, int64_t *total)
455 {
456     if (bytes > INT_MAX) {
457         return -ERANGE;
458     }
459 
460     *total = blk_pread(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, bytes);
461     if (*total < 0) {
462         return *total;
463     }
464     return 1;
465 }
466 
467 static int do_pwrite(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
468                      int64_t bytes, int flags, int64_t *total)
469 {
470     if (bytes > INT_MAX) {
471         return -ERANGE;
472     }
473 
474     *total = blk_pwrite(blk, offset, (uint8_t *)buf, bytes, flags);
475     if (*total < 0) {
476         return *total;
477     }
478     return 1;
479 }
480 
481 typedef struct {
482     BlockBackend *blk;
483     int64_t offset;
484     int64_t bytes;
485     int64_t *total;
486     int flags;
487     int ret;
488     bool done;
489 } CoWriteZeroes;
490 
491 static void coroutine_fn co_pwrite_zeroes_entry(void *opaque)
492 {
493     CoWriteZeroes *data = opaque;
494 
495     data->ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(data->blk, data->offset, data->bytes,
496                                      data->flags);
497     data->done = true;
498     if (data->ret < 0) {
499         *data->total = data->ret;
500         return;
501     }
502 
503     *data->total = data->bytes;
504 }
505 
506 static int do_co_pwrite_zeroes(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
507                                int64_t bytes, int flags, int64_t *total)
508 {
509     Coroutine *co;
510     CoWriteZeroes data = {
511         .blk    = blk,
512         .offset = offset,
513         .bytes  = bytes,
514         .total  = total,
515         .flags  = flags,
516         .done   = false,
517     };
518 
519     if (bytes > INT_MAX) {
520         return -ERANGE;
521     }
522 
523     co = qemu_coroutine_create(co_pwrite_zeroes_entry, &data);
524     bdrv_coroutine_enter(blk_bs(blk), co);
525     while (!data.done) {
526         aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
527     }
528     if (data.ret < 0) {
529         return data.ret;
530     } else {
531         return 1;
532     }
533 }
534 
535 static int do_write_compressed(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
536                                int64_t bytes, int64_t *total)
537 {
538     int ret;
539 
540     if (bytes > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
541         return -ERANGE;
542     }
543 
544     ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(blk, offset, buf, bytes);
545     if (ret < 0) {
546         return ret;
547     }
548     *total = bytes;
549     return 1;
550 }
551 
552 static int do_load_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
553                            int64_t count, int64_t *total)
554 {
555     if (count > INT_MAX) {
556         return -ERANGE;
557     }
558 
559     *total = blk_load_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
560     if (*total < 0) {
561         return *total;
562     }
563     return 1;
564 }
565 
566 static int do_save_vmstate(BlockBackend *blk, char *buf, int64_t offset,
567                            int64_t count, int64_t *total)
568 {
569     if (count > INT_MAX) {
570         return -ERANGE;
571     }
572 
573     *total = blk_save_vmstate(blk, (uint8_t *)buf, offset, count);
574     if (*total < 0) {
575         return *total;
576     }
577     return 1;
578 }
579 
580 #define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
581 static void aio_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
582 {
583     *(int *)opaque = ret;
584 }
585 
586 static int do_aio_readv(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
587                         int64_t offset, int *total)
588 {
589     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
590 
591     blk_aio_preadv(blk, offset, qiov, 0, aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
592     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
593         main_loop_wait(false);
594     }
595 
596     *total = qiov->size;
597     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
598 }
599 
600 static int do_aio_writev(BlockBackend *blk, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
601                          int64_t offset, int flags, int *total)
602 {
603     int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
604 
605     blk_aio_pwritev(blk, offset, qiov, flags, aio_rw_done, &async_ret);
606     while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
607         main_loop_wait(false);
608     }
609 
610     *total = qiov->size;
611     return async_ret < 0 ? async_ret : 1;
612 }
613 
614 static void read_help(void)
615 {
616     printf(
617 "\n"
618 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
619 "\n"
620 " Example:\n"
621 " 'read -v 512 1k' - dumps 1 kilobyte read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
622 "\n"
623 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
624 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
625 " -b, -- read from the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
626 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
627 " -l, -- length for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
628 " -p, -- ignored for backwards compatibility\n"
629 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
630 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
631 " -s, -- start offset for pattern verification (only with -P)\n"
632 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
633 "\n");
634 }
635 
636 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
637 
638 static const cmdinfo_t read_cmd = {
639     .name       = "read",
640     .altname    = "r",
641     .cfunc      = read_f,
642     .argmin     = 2,
643     .argmax     = -1,
644     .args       = "[-abCqv] [-P pattern [-s off] [-l len]] off len",
645     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
646     .help       = read_help,
647 };
648 
649 static int read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
650 {
651     struct timespec t1, t2;
652     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, vflag = false;
653     bool Pflag = false, sflag = false, lflag = false, bflag = false;
654     int c, cnt, ret;
655     char *buf;
656     int64_t offset;
657     int64_t count;
658     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
659     int64_t total = 0;
660     int pattern = 0;
661     int64_t pattern_offset = 0, pattern_count = 0;
662 
663     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bCl:pP:qs:v")) != -1) {
664         switch (c) {
665         case 'b':
666             bflag = true;
667             break;
668         case 'C':
669             Cflag = true;
670             break;
671         case 'l':
672             lflag = true;
673             pattern_count = cvtnum(optarg);
674             if (pattern_count < 0) {
675                 print_cvtnum_err(pattern_count, optarg);
676                 return pattern_count;
677             }
678             break;
679         case 'p':
680             /* Ignored for backwards compatibility */
681             break;
682         case 'P':
683             Pflag = true;
684             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
685             if (pattern < 0) {
686                 return -EINVAL;
687             }
688             break;
689         case 'q':
690             qflag = true;
691             break;
692         case 's':
693             sflag = true;
694             pattern_offset = cvtnum(optarg);
695             if (pattern_offset < 0) {
696                 print_cvtnum_err(pattern_offset, optarg);
697                 return pattern_offset;
698             }
699             break;
700         case 'v':
701             vflag = true;
702             break;
703         default:
704             qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
705             return -EINVAL;
706         }
707     }
708 
709     if (optind != argc - 2) {
710         qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
711         return -EINVAL;
712     }
713 
714     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
715     if (offset < 0) {
716         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
717         return offset;
718     }
719 
720     optind++;
721     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
722     if (count < 0) {
723         print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
724         return count;
725     } else if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
726         printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
727                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
728         return -EINVAL;
729     }
730 
731     if (!Pflag && (lflag || sflag)) {
732         qemuio_command_usage(&read_cmd);
733         return -EINVAL;
734     }
735 
736     if (!lflag) {
737         pattern_count = count - pattern_offset;
738     }
739 
740     if ((pattern_count < 0) || (pattern_count + pattern_offset > count))  {
741         printf("pattern verification range exceeds end of read data\n");
742         return -EINVAL;
743     }
744 
745     if (bflag) {
746         if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
747             printf("%" PRId64 " is not a sector-aligned value for 'offset'\n",
748                    offset);
749             return -EINVAL;
750         }
751         if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
752             printf("%"PRId64" is not a sector-aligned value for 'count'\n",
753                    count);
754             return -EINVAL;
755         }
756     }
757 
758     buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, 0xab);
759 
760     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
761     if (bflag) {
762         ret = do_load_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
763     } else {
764         ret = do_pread(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
765     }
766     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
767 
768     if (ret < 0) {
769         printf("read failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
770         goto out;
771     }
772     cnt = ret;
773 
774     ret = 0;
775 
776     if (Pflag) {
777         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
778         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
779         if (memcmp(buf + pattern_offset, cmp_buf, pattern_count)) {
780             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
781                    PRId64 ", %"PRId64" bytes\n",
782                    offset + pattern_offset, pattern_count);
783             ret = -EINVAL;
784         }
785         g_free(cmp_buf);
786     }
787 
788     if (qflag) {
789         goto out;
790     }
791 
792     if (vflag) {
793         dump_buffer(buf, offset, count);
794     }
795 
796     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
797     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
798     print_report("read", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
799 
800 out:
801     qemu_io_free(buf);
802     return ret;
803 }
804 
805 static void readv_help(void)
806 {
807     printf(
808 "\n"
809 " reads a range of bytes from the given offset into multiple buffers\n"
810 "\n"
811 " Example:\n"
812 " 'readv -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
813 "\n"
814 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
815 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
816 " Uses multiple iovec buffers if more than one byte range is specified.\n"
817 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
818 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
819 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
820 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
821 "\n");
822 }
823 
824 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
825 
826 static const cmdinfo_t readv_cmd = {
827     .name       = "readv",
828     .cfunc      = readv_f,
829     .argmin     = 2,
830     .argmax     = -1,
831     .args       = "[-Cqv] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
832     .oneline    = "reads a number of bytes at a specified offset",
833     .help       = readv_help,
834 };
835 
836 static int readv_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
837 {
838     struct timespec t1, t2;
839     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, vflag = false;
840     int c, cnt, ret;
841     char *buf;
842     int64_t offset;
843     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
844     int total = 0;
845     int nr_iov;
846     QEMUIOVector qiov;
847     int pattern = 0;
848     bool Pflag = false;
849 
850     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:qv")) != -1) {
851         switch (c) {
852         case 'C':
853             Cflag = true;
854             break;
855         case 'P':
856             Pflag = true;
857             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
858             if (pattern < 0) {
859                 return -EINVAL;
860             }
861             break;
862         case 'q':
863             qflag = true;
864             break;
865         case 'v':
866             vflag = true;
867             break;
868         default:
869             qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
870             return -EINVAL;
871         }
872     }
873 
874     if (optind > argc - 2) {
875         qemuio_command_usage(&readv_cmd);
876         return -EINVAL;
877     }
878 
879 
880     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
881     if (offset < 0) {
882         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
883         return offset;
884     }
885     optind++;
886 
887     nr_iov = argc - optind;
888     buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
889     if (buf == NULL) {
890         return -EINVAL;
891     }
892 
893     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
894     ret = do_aio_readv(blk, &qiov, offset, &total);
895     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
896 
897     if (ret < 0) {
898         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
899         goto out;
900     }
901     cnt = ret;
902 
903     ret = 0;
904 
905     if (Pflag) {
906         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(qiov.size);
907         memset(cmp_buf, pattern, qiov.size);
908         if (memcmp(buf, cmp_buf, qiov.size)) {
909             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
910                    PRId64 ", %zu bytes\n", offset, qiov.size);
911             ret = -EINVAL;
912         }
913         g_free(cmp_buf);
914     }
915 
916     if (qflag) {
917         goto out;
918     }
919 
920     if (vflag) {
921         dump_buffer(buf, offset, qiov.size);
922     }
923 
924     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
925     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
926     print_report("read", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
927 
928 out:
929     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
930     qemu_io_free(buf);
931     return ret;
932 }
933 
934 static void write_help(void)
935 {
936     printf(
937 "\n"
938 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
939 "\n"
940 " Example:\n"
941 " 'write 512 1k' - writes 1 kilobyte at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
942 "\n"
943 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
944 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
945 " -b, -- write to the VM state rather than the virtual disk\n"
946 " -c, -- write compressed data with blk_write_compressed\n"
947 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
948 " -n, -- with -z, don't allow slow fallback\n"
949 " -p, -- ignored for backwards compatibility\n"
950 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
951 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
952 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
953 " -u, -- with -z, allow unmapping\n"
954 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_co_pwrite_zeroes\n"
955 "\n");
956 }
957 
958 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
959 
960 static const cmdinfo_t write_cmd = {
961     .name       = "write",
962     .altname    = "w",
963     .cfunc      = write_f,
964     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
965     .argmin     = 2,
966     .argmax     = -1,
967     .args       = "[-bcCfnquz] [-P pattern] off len",
968     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
969     .help       = write_help,
970 };
971 
972 static int write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
973 {
974     struct timespec t1, t2;
975     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false, bflag = false;
976     bool Pflag = false, zflag = false, cflag = false;
977     int flags = 0;
978     int c, cnt, ret;
979     char *buf = NULL;
980     int64_t offset;
981     int64_t count;
982     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
983     int64_t total = 0;
984     int pattern = 0xcd;
985 
986     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bcCfnpP:quz")) != -1) {
987         switch (c) {
988         case 'b':
989             bflag = true;
990             break;
991         case 'c':
992             cflag = true;
993             break;
994         case 'C':
995             Cflag = true;
996             break;
997         case 'f':
998             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
999             break;
1000         case 'n':
1001             flags |= BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK;
1002             break;
1003         case 'p':
1004             /* Ignored for backwards compatibility */
1005             break;
1006         case 'P':
1007             Pflag = true;
1008             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1009             if (pattern < 0) {
1010                 return -EINVAL;
1011             }
1012             break;
1013         case 'q':
1014             qflag = true;
1015             break;
1016         case 'u':
1017             flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1018             break;
1019         case 'z':
1020             zflag = true;
1021             break;
1022         default:
1023             qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
1024             return -EINVAL;
1025         }
1026     }
1027 
1028     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1029         qemuio_command_usage(&write_cmd);
1030         return -EINVAL;
1031     }
1032 
1033     if (bflag && zflag) {
1034         printf("-b and -z cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1035         return -EINVAL;
1036     }
1037 
1038     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_FUA) && (bflag || cflag)) {
1039         printf("-f and -b or -c cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1040         return -EINVAL;
1041     }
1042 
1043     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_NO_FALLBACK) && !zflag) {
1044         printf("-n requires -z to be specified\n");
1045         return -EINVAL;
1046     }
1047 
1048     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) && !zflag) {
1049         printf("-u requires -z to be specified\n");
1050         return -EINVAL;
1051     }
1052 
1053     if (zflag && Pflag) {
1054         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1055         return -EINVAL;
1056     }
1057 
1058     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1059     if (offset < 0) {
1060         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1061         return offset;
1062     }
1063 
1064     optind++;
1065     count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1066     if (count < 0) {
1067         print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1068         return count;
1069     } else if (count > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
1070         printf("length cannot exceed %" PRIu64 ", given %s\n",
1071                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
1072         return -EINVAL;
1073     }
1074 
1075     if (bflag || cflag) {
1076         if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1077             printf("%" PRId64 " is not a sector-aligned value for 'offset'\n",
1078                    offset);
1079             return -EINVAL;
1080         }
1081 
1082         if (!QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1083             printf("%"PRId64" is not a sector-aligned value for 'count'\n",
1084                    count);
1085             return -EINVAL;
1086         }
1087     }
1088 
1089     if (!zflag) {
1090         buf = qemu_io_alloc(blk, count, pattern);
1091     }
1092 
1093     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
1094     if (bflag) {
1095         ret = do_save_vmstate(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1096     } else if (zflag) {
1097         ret = do_co_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset, count, flags, &total);
1098     } else if (cflag) {
1099         ret = do_write_compressed(blk, buf, offset, count, &total);
1100     } else {
1101         ret = do_pwrite(blk, buf, offset, count, flags, &total);
1102     }
1103     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1104 
1105     if (ret < 0) {
1106         printf("write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1107         goto out;
1108     }
1109     cnt = ret;
1110 
1111     ret = 0;
1112 
1113     if (qflag) {
1114         goto out;
1115     }
1116 
1117     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1118     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1119     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, count, total, cnt, Cflag);
1120 
1121 out:
1122     if (!zflag) {
1123         qemu_io_free(buf);
1124     }
1125     return ret;
1126 }
1127 
1128 static void
1129 writev_help(void)
1130 {
1131     printf(
1132 "\n"
1133 " writes a range of bytes from the given offset source from multiple buffers\n"
1134 "\n"
1135 " Example:\n"
1136 " 'writev 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1137 "\n"
1138 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1139 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1140 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1141 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1142 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1143 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1144 "\n");
1145 }
1146 
1147 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1148 
1149 static const cmdinfo_t writev_cmd = {
1150     .name       = "writev",
1151     .cfunc      = writev_f,
1152     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1153     .argmin     = 2,
1154     .argmax     = -1,
1155     .args       = "[-Cfq] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1156     .oneline    = "writes a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1157     .help       = writev_help,
1158 };
1159 
1160 static int writev_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1161 {
1162     struct timespec t1, t2;
1163     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false;
1164     int flags = 0;
1165     int c, cnt, ret;
1166     char *buf;
1167     int64_t offset;
1168     /* Some compilers get confused and warn if this is not initialized.  */
1169     int total = 0;
1170     int nr_iov;
1171     int pattern = 0xcd;
1172     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1173 
1174     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CfqP:")) != -1) {
1175         switch (c) {
1176         case 'C':
1177             Cflag = true;
1178             break;
1179         case 'f':
1180             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1181             break;
1182         case 'q':
1183             qflag = true;
1184             break;
1185         case 'P':
1186             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1187             if (pattern < 0) {
1188                 return -EINVAL;
1189             }
1190             break;
1191         default:
1192             qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1193             return -EINVAL;
1194         }
1195     }
1196 
1197     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1198         qemuio_command_usage(&writev_cmd);
1199         return -EINVAL;
1200     }
1201 
1202     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1203     if (offset < 0) {
1204         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1205         return offset;
1206     }
1207     optind++;
1208 
1209     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1210     buf = create_iovec(blk, &qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, pattern);
1211     if (buf == NULL) {
1212         return -EINVAL;
1213     }
1214 
1215     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
1216     ret = do_aio_writev(blk, &qiov, offset, flags, &total);
1217     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1218 
1219     if (ret < 0) {
1220         printf("writev failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1221         goto out;
1222     }
1223     cnt = ret;
1224 
1225     ret = 0;
1226 
1227     if (qflag) {
1228         goto out;
1229     }
1230 
1231     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1232     t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1233     print_report("wrote", &t2, offset, qiov.size, total, cnt, Cflag);
1234 out:
1235     qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
1236     qemu_io_free(buf);
1237     return ret;
1238 }
1239 
1240 struct aio_ctx {
1241     BlockBackend *blk;
1242     QEMUIOVector qiov;
1243     int64_t offset;
1244     char *buf;
1245     bool qflag;
1246     bool vflag;
1247     bool Cflag;
1248     bool Pflag;
1249     bool zflag;
1250     BlockAcctCookie acct;
1251     int pattern;
1252     struct timespec t1;
1253 };
1254 
1255 static void aio_write_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1256 {
1257     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1258     struct timespec t2;
1259 
1260     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1261 
1262 
1263     if (ret < 0) {
1264         printf("aio_write failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1265         block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1266         goto out;
1267     }
1268 
1269     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1270 
1271     if (ctx->qflag) {
1272         goto out;
1273     }
1274 
1275     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1276     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1277     print_report("wrote", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1278                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1279 out:
1280     if (!ctx->zflag) {
1281         qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1282         qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1283     }
1284     g_free(ctx);
1285 }
1286 
1287 static void aio_read_done(void *opaque, int ret)
1288 {
1289     struct aio_ctx *ctx = opaque;
1290     struct timespec t2;
1291 
1292     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1293 
1294     if (ret < 0) {
1295         printf("readv failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1296         block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1297         goto out;
1298     }
1299 
1300     if (ctx->Pflag) {
1301         void *cmp_buf = g_malloc(ctx->qiov.size);
1302 
1303         memset(cmp_buf, ctx->pattern, ctx->qiov.size);
1304         if (memcmp(ctx->buf, cmp_buf, ctx->qiov.size)) {
1305             printf("Pattern verification failed at offset %"
1306                    PRId64 ", %zu bytes\n", ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1307         }
1308         g_free(cmp_buf);
1309     }
1310 
1311     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(ctx->blk), &ctx->acct);
1312 
1313     if (ctx->qflag) {
1314         goto out;
1315     }
1316 
1317     if (ctx->vflag) {
1318         dump_buffer(ctx->buf, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size);
1319     }
1320 
1321     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1322     t2 = tsub(t2, ctx->t1);
1323     print_report("read", &t2, ctx->offset, ctx->qiov.size,
1324                  ctx->qiov.size, 1, ctx->Cflag);
1325 out:
1326     qemu_io_free(ctx->buf);
1327     qemu_iovec_destroy(&ctx->qiov);
1328     g_free(ctx);
1329 }
1330 
1331 static void aio_read_help(void)
1332 {
1333     printf(
1334 "\n"
1335 " asynchronously reads a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1336 "\n"
1337 " Example:\n"
1338 " 'aio_read -v 512 1k 1k ' - dumps 2 kilobytes read from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1339 "\n"
1340 " Reads a segment of the currently open file, optionally dumping it to the\n"
1341 " standard output stream (with -v option) for subsequent inspection.\n"
1342 " The read is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1343 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1344 " Note that due to its asynchronous nature, this command will be\n"
1345 " considered successful once the request is submitted, independently\n"
1346 " of potential I/O errors or pattern mismatches.\n"
1347 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1348 " -P, -- use a pattern to verify read data\n"
1349 " -i, -- treat request as invalid, for exercising stats\n"
1350 " -v, -- dump buffer to standard output\n"
1351 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1352 "\n");
1353 }
1354 
1355 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1356 
1357 static const cmdinfo_t aio_read_cmd = {
1358     .name       = "aio_read",
1359     .cfunc      = aio_read_f,
1360     .argmin     = 2,
1361     .argmax     = -1,
1362     .args       = "[-Ciqv] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1363     .oneline    = "asynchronously reads a number of bytes",
1364     .help       = aio_read_help,
1365 };
1366 
1367 static int aio_read_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1368 {
1369     int nr_iov, c;
1370     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1371 
1372     ctx->blk = blk;
1373     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CP:iqv")) != -1) {
1374         switch (c) {
1375         case 'C':
1376             ctx->Cflag = true;
1377             break;
1378         case 'P':
1379             ctx->Pflag = true;
1380             ctx->pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1381             if (ctx->pattern < 0) {
1382                 g_free(ctx);
1383                 return -EINVAL;
1384             }
1385             break;
1386         case 'i':
1387             printf("injecting invalid read request\n");
1388             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1389             g_free(ctx);
1390             return 0;
1391         case 'q':
1392             ctx->qflag = true;
1393             break;
1394         case 'v':
1395             ctx->vflag = true;
1396             break;
1397         default:
1398             g_free(ctx);
1399             qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1400             return -EINVAL;
1401         }
1402     }
1403 
1404     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1405         g_free(ctx);
1406         qemuio_command_usage(&aio_read_cmd);
1407         return -EINVAL;
1408     }
1409 
1410     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1411     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1412         int ret = ctx->offset;
1413         print_cvtnum_err(ret, argv[optind]);
1414         g_free(ctx);
1415         return ret;
1416     }
1417     optind++;
1418 
1419     nr_iov = argc - optind;
1420     ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov, 0xab);
1421     if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1422         block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1423         g_free(ctx);
1424         return -EINVAL;
1425     }
1426 
1427     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ctx->t1);
1428     block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1429                      BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
1430     blk_aio_preadv(blk, ctx->offset, &ctx->qiov, 0, aio_read_done, ctx);
1431     return 0;
1432 }
1433 
1434 static void aio_write_help(void)
1435 {
1436     printf(
1437 "\n"
1438 " asynchronously writes a range of bytes from the given offset source\n"
1439 " from multiple buffers\n"
1440 "\n"
1441 " Example:\n"
1442 " 'aio_write 512 1k 1k' - writes 2 kilobytes at 512 bytes into the open file\n"
1443 "\n"
1444 " Writes into a segment of the currently open file, using a buffer\n"
1445 " filled with a set pattern (0xcdcdcdcd).\n"
1446 " The write is performed asynchronously and the aio_flush command must be\n"
1447 " used to ensure all outstanding aio requests have been completed.\n"
1448 " Note that due to its asynchronous nature, this command will be\n"
1449 " considered successful once the request is submitted, independently\n"
1450 " of potential I/O errors or pattern mismatches.\n"
1451 " -P, -- use different pattern to fill file\n"
1452 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1453 " -f, -- use Force Unit Access semantics\n"
1454 " -i, -- treat request as invalid, for exercising stats\n"
1455 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1456 " -u, -- with -z, allow unmapping\n"
1457 " -z, -- write zeroes using blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes\n"
1458 "\n");
1459 }
1460 
1461 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1462 
1463 static const cmdinfo_t aio_write_cmd = {
1464     .name       = "aio_write",
1465     .cfunc      = aio_write_f,
1466     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1467     .argmin     = 2,
1468     .argmax     = -1,
1469     .args       = "[-Cfiquz] [-P pattern] off len [len..]",
1470     .oneline    = "asynchronously writes a number of bytes",
1471     .help       = aio_write_help,
1472 };
1473 
1474 static int aio_write_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1475 {
1476     int nr_iov, c;
1477     int pattern = 0xcd;
1478     struct aio_ctx *ctx = g_new0(struct aio_ctx, 1);
1479     int flags = 0;
1480 
1481     ctx->blk = blk;
1482     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "CfiqP:uz")) != -1) {
1483         switch (c) {
1484         case 'C':
1485             ctx->Cflag = true;
1486             break;
1487         case 'f':
1488             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1489             break;
1490         case 'q':
1491             ctx->qflag = true;
1492             break;
1493         case 'u':
1494             flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1495             break;
1496         case 'P':
1497             pattern = parse_pattern(optarg);
1498             if (pattern < 0) {
1499                 g_free(ctx);
1500                 return -EINVAL;
1501             }
1502             break;
1503         case 'i':
1504             printf("injecting invalid write request\n");
1505             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1506             g_free(ctx);
1507             return 0;
1508         case 'z':
1509             ctx->zflag = true;
1510             break;
1511         default:
1512             g_free(ctx);
1513             qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1514             return -EINVAL;
1515         }
1516     }
1517 
1518     if (optind > argc - 2) {
1519         g_free(ctx);
1520         qemuio_command_usage(&aio_write_cmd);
1521         return -EINVAL;
1522     }
1523 
1524     if (ctx->zflag && optind != argc - 2) {
1525         printf("-z supports only a single length parameter\n");
1526         g_free(ctx);
1527         return -EINVAL;
1528     }
1529 
1530     if ((flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP) && !ctx->zflag) {
1531         printf("-u requires -z to be specified\n");
1532         g_free(ctx);
1533         return -EINVAL;
1534     }
1535 
1536     if (ctx->zflag && ctx->Pflag) {
1537         printf("-z and -P cannot be specified at the same time\n");
1538         g_free(ctx);
1539         return -EINVAL;
1540     }
1541 
1542     ctx->offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1543     if (ctx->offset < 0) {
1544         int ret = ctx->offset;
1545         print_cvtnum_err(ret, argv[optind]);
1546         g_free(ctx);
1547         return ret;
1548     }
1549     optind++;
1550 
1551     if (ctx->zflag) {
1552         int64_t count = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1553         if (count < 0) {
1554             print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[optind]);
1555             g_free(ctx);
1556             return count;
1557         }
1558 
1559         ctx->qiov.size = count;
1560         blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes(blk, ctx->offset, count, flags, aio_write_done,
1561                               ctx);
1562     } else {
1563         nr_iov = argc - optind;
1564         ctx->buf = create_iovec(blk, &ctx->qiov, &argv[optind], nr_iov,
1565                                 pattern);
1566         if (ctx->buf == NULL) {
1567             block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(blk), BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1568             g_free(ctx);
1569             return -EINVAL;
1570         }
1571 
1572         clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ctx->t1);
1573         block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &ctx->acct, ctx->qiov.size,
1574                          BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
1575 
1576         blk_aio_pwritev(blk, ctx->offset, &ctx->qiov, flags, aio_write_done,
1577                         ctx);
1578     }
1579 
1580     return 0;
1581 }
1582 
1583 static int aio_flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1584 {
1585     BlockAcctCookie cookie;
1586     block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie, 0, BLOCK_ACCT_FLUSH);
1587     blk_drain_all();
1588     block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(blk), &cookie);
1589     return 0;
1590 }
1591 
1592 static const cmdinfo_t aio_flush_cmd = {
1593     .name       = "aio_flush",
1594     .cfunc      = aio_flush_f,
1595     .oneline    = "completes all outstanding aio requests"
1596 };
1597 
1598 static int flush_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1599 {
1600     return blk_flush(blk);
1601 }
1602 
1603 static const cmdinfo_t flush_cmd = {
1604     .name       = "flush",
1605     .altname    = "f",
1606     .cfunc      = flush_f,
1607     .oneline    = "flush all in-core file state to disk",
1608 };
1609 
1610 static int truncate_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1611 {
1612     Error *local_err = NULL;
1613     int64_t offset;
1614     int ret;
1615 
1616     offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1617     if (offset < 0) {
1618         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
1619         return offset;
1620     }
1621 
1622     ret = blk_truncate(blk, offset, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, &local_err);
1623     if (ret < 0) {
1624         error_report_err(local_err);
1625         return ret;
1626     }
1627 
1628     return 0;
1629 }
1630 
1631 static const cmdinfo_t truncate_cmd = {
1632     .name       = "truncate",
1633     .altname    = "t",
1634     .cfunc      = truncate_f,
1635     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_RESIZE,
1636     .argmin     = 1,
1637     .argmax     = 1,
1638     .args       = "off",
1639     .oneline    = "truncates the current file at the given offset",
1640 };
1641 
1642 static int length_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1643 {
1644     int64_t size;
1645     char s1[64];
1646 
1647     size = blk_getlength(blk);
1648     if (size < 0) {
1649         printf("getlength: %s\n", strerror(-size));
1650         return size;
1651     }
1652 
1653     cvtstr(size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1654     printf("%s\n", s1);
1655     return 0;
1656 }
1657 
1658 
1659 static const cmdinfo_t length_cmd = {
1660     .name   = "length",
1661     .altname    = "l",
1662     .cfunc      = length_f,
1663     .oneline    = "gets the length of the current file",
1664 };
1665 
1666 
1667 static int info_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1668 {
1669     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1670     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1671     ImageInfoSpecific *spec_info;
1672     Error *local_err = NULL;
1673     char s1[64], s2[64];
1674     int ret;
1675 
1676     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->format_name) {
1677         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->format_name);
1678     }
1679     if (bs->drv && bs->drv->protocol_name) {
1680         printf("format name: %s\n", bs->drv->protocol_name);
1681     }
1682 
1683     ret = bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi);
1684     if (ret) {
1685         return ret;
1686     }
1687 
1688     cvtstr(bdi.cluster_size, s1, sizeof(s1));
1689     cvtstr(bdi.vm_state_offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1690 
1691     printf("cluster size: %s\n", s1);
1692     printf("vm state offset: %s\n", s2);
1693 
1694     spec_info = bdrv_get_specific_info(bs, &local_err);
1695     if (local_err) {
1696         error_report_err(local_err);
1697         return -EIO;
1698     }
1699     if (spec_info) {
1700         printf("Format specific information:\n");
1701         bdrv_image_info_specific_dump(spec_info);
1702         qapi_free_ImageInfoSpecific(spec_info);
1703     }
1704 
1705     return 0;
1706 }
1707 
1708 
1709 
1710 static const cmdinfo_t info_cmd = {
1711     .name       = "info",
1712     .altname    = "i",
1713     .cfunc      = info_f,
1714     .oneline    = "prints information about the current file",
1715 };
1716 
1717 static void discard_help(void)
1718 {
1719     printf(
1720 "\n"
1721 " discards a range of bytes from the given offset\n"
1722 "\n"
1723 " Example:\n"
1724 " 'discard 512 1k' - discards 1 kilobyte from 512 bytes into the file\n"
1725 "\n"
1726 " Discards a segment of the currently open file.\n"
1727 " -C, -- report statistics in a machine parsable format\n"
1728 " -q, -- quiet mode, do not show I/O statistics\n"
1729 "\n");
1730 }
1731 
1732 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1733 
1734 static const cmdinfo_t discard_cmd = {
1735     .name       = "discard",
1736     .altname    = "d",
1737     .cfunc      = discard_f,
1738     .perm       = BLK_PERM_WRITE,
1739     .argmin     = 2,
1740     .argmax     = -1,
1741     .args       = "[-Cq] off len",
1742     .oneline    = "discards a number of bytes at a specified offset",
1743     .help       = discard_help,
1744 };
1745 
1746 static int discard_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1747 {
1748     struct timespec t1, t2;
1749     bool Cflag = false, qflag = false;
1750     int c, ret;
1751     int64_t offset, bytes;
1752 
1753     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1754         switch (c) {
1755         case 'C':
1756             Cflag = true;
1757             break;
1758         case 'q':
1759             qflag = true;
1760             break;
1761         default:
1762             qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1763             return -EINVAL;
1764         }
1765     }
1766 
1767     if (optind != argc - 2) {
1768         qemuio_command_usage(&discard_cmd);
1769         return -EINVAL;
1770     }
1771 
1772     offset = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1773     if (offset < 0) {
1774         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[optind]);
1775         return offset;
1776     }
1777 
1778     optind++;
1779     bytes = cvtnum(argv[optind]);
1780     if (bytes < 0) {
1781         print_cvtnum_err(bytes, argv[optind]);
1782         return bytes;
1783     } else if (bytes > BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES) {
1784         printf("length cannot exceed %"PRIu64", given %s\n",
1785                (uint64_t)BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES, argv[optind]);
1786         return -EINVAL;
1787     }
1788 
1789     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
1790     ret = blk_pdiscard(blk, offset, bytes);
1791     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t2);
1792 
1793     if (ret < 0) {
1794         printf("discard failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1795         return ret;
1796     }
1797 
1798     /* Finally, report back -- -C gives a parsable format */
1799     if (!qflag) {
1800         t2 = tsub(t2, t1);
1801         print_report("discard", &t2, offset, bytes, bytes, 1, Cflag);
1802     }
1803 
1804     return 0;
1805 }
1806 
1807 static int alloc_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1808 {
1809     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1810     int64_t offset, start, remaining, count;
1811     char s1[64];
1812     int ret;
1813     int64_t num, sum_alloc;
1814 
1815     start = offset = cvtnum(argv[1]);
1816     if (offset < 0) {
1817         print_cvtnum_err(offset, argv[1]);
1818         return offset;
1819     }
1820 
1821     if (argc == 3) {
1822         count = cvtnum(argv[2]);
1823         if (count < 0) {
1824             print_cvtnum_err(count, argv[2]);
1825             return count;
1826         }
1827     } else {
1828         count = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1829     }
1830 
1831     remaining = count;
1832     sum_alloc = 0;
1833     while (remaining) {
1834         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, remaining, &num);
1835         if (ret < 0) {
1836             printf("is_allocated failed: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
1837             return ret;
1838         }
1839         offset += num;
1840         remaining -= num;
1841         if (ret) {
1842             sum_alloc += num;
1843         }
1844         if (num == 0) {
1845             count -= remaining;
1846             remaining = 0;
1847         }
1848     }
1849 
1850     cvtstr(start, s1, sizeof(s1));
1851 
1852     printf("%"PRId64"/%"PRId64" bytes allocated at offset %s\n",
1853            sum_alloc, count, s1);
1854     return 0;
1855 }
1856 
1857 static const cmdinfo_t alloc_cmd = {
1858     .name       = "alloc",
1859     .altname    = "a",
1860     .argmin     = 1,
1861     .argmax     = 2,
1862     .cfunc      = alloc_f,
1863     .args       = "offset [count]",
1864     .oneline    = "checks if offset is allocated in the file",
1865 };
1866 
1867 
1868 static int map_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
1869                             int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
1870 {
1871     int64_t num;
1872     int num_checked;
1873     int ret, firstret;
1874 
1875     num_checked = MIN(bytes, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
1876     ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, num_checked, &num);
1877     if (ret < 0) {
1878         return ret;
1879     }
1880 
1881     firstret = ret;
1882     *pnum = num;
1883 
1884     while (bytes > 0 && ret == firstret) {
1885         offset += num;
1886         bytes -= num;
1887 
1888         num_checked = MIN(bytes, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_BYTES);
1889         ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, num_checked, &num);
1890         if (ret == firstret && num) {
1891             *pnum += num;
1892         } else {
1893             break;
1894         }
1895     }
1896 
1897     return firstret;
1898 }
1899 
1900 static int map_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1901 {
1902     int64_t offset, bytes;
1903     char s1[64], s2[64];
1904     int64_t num;
1905     int ret;
1906     const char *retstr;
1907 
1908     offset = 0;
1909     bytes = blk_getlength(blk);
1910     if (bytes < 0) {
1911         error_report("Failed to query image length: %s", strerror(-bytes));
1912         return bytes;
1913     }
1914 
1915     while (bytes) {
1916         ret = map_is_allocated(blk_bs(blk), offset, bytes, &num);
1917         if (ret < 0) {
1918             error_report("Failed to get allocation status: %s", strerror(-ret));
1919             return ret;
1920         } else if (!num) {
1921             error_report("Unexpected end of image");
1922             return -EIO;
1923         }
1924 
1925         retstr = ret ? "    allocated" : "not allocated";
1926         cvtstr(num, s1, sizeof(s1));
1927         cvtstr(offset, s2, sizeof(s2));
1928         printf("%s (0x%" PRIx64 ") bytes %s at offset %s (0x%" PRIx64 ")\n",
1929                s1, num, retstr, s2, offset);
1930 
1931         offset += num;
1932         bytes -= num;
1933     }
1934 
1935     return 0;
1936 }
1937 
1938 static const cmdinfo_t map_cmd = {
1939        .name           = "map",
1940        .argmin         = 0,
1941        .argmax         = 0,
1942        .cfunc          = map_f,
1943        .args           = "",
1944        .oneline        = "prints the allocated areas of a file",
1945 };
1946 
1947 static void reopen_help(void)
1948 {
1949     printf(
1950 "\n"
1951 " Changes the open options of an already opened image\n"
1952 "\n"
1953 " Example:\n"
1954 " 'reopen -o lazy-refcounts=on' - activates lazy refcount writeback on a qcow2 image\n"
1955 "\n"
1956 " -r, -- Reopen the image read-only\n"
1957 " -w, -- Reopen the image read-write\n"
1958 " -c, -- Change the cache mode to the given value\n"
1959 " -o, -- Changes block driver options (cf. 'open' command)\n"
1960 "\n");
1961 }
1962 
1963 static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
1964 
1965 static QemuOptsList reopen_opts = {
1966     .name = "reopen",
1967     .merge_lists = true,
1968     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(reopen_opts.head),
1969     .desc = {
1970         /* no elements => accept any params */
1971         { /* end of list */ }
1972     },
1973 };
1974 
1975 static const cmdinfo_t reopen_cmd = {
1976        .name           = "reopen",
1977        .argmin         = 0,
1978        .argmax         = -1,
1979        .cfunc          = reopen_f,
1980        .args           = "[(-r|-w)] [-c cache] [-o options]",
1981        .oneline        = "reopens an image with new options",
1982        .help           = reopen_help,
1983 };
1984 
1985 static int reopen_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
1986 {
1987     BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk);
1988     QemuOpts *qopts;
1989     QDict *opts;
1990     int c;
1991     int flags = bs->open_flags;
1992     bool writethrough = !blk_enable_write_cache(blk);
1993     bool has_rw_option = false;
1994     bool has_cache_option = false;
1995 
1996     BlockReopenQueue *brq;
1997     Error *local_err = NULL;
1998 
1999     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:o:rw")) != -1) {
2000         switch (c) {
2001         case 'c':
2002             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
2003                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
2004                 return -EINVAL;
2005             }
2006             has_cache_option = true;
2007             break;
2008         case 'o':
2009             if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&reopen_opts, optarg, 0)) {
2010                 qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2011                 return -EINVAL;
2012             }
2013             break;
2014         case 'r':
2015             if (has_rw_option) {
2016                 error_report("Only one -r/-w option may be given");
2017                 return -EINVAL;
2018             }
2019             flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
2020             has_rw_option = true;
2021             break;
2022         case 'w':
2023             if (has_rw_option) {
2024                 error_report("Only one -r/-w option may be given");
2025                 return -EINVAL;
2026             }
2027             flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
2028             has_rw_option = true;
2029             break;
2030         default:
2031             qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2032             qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
2033             return -EINVAL;
2034         }
2035     }
2036 
2037     if (optind != argc) {
2038         qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2039         qemuio_command_usage(&reopen_cmd);
2040         return -EINVAL;
2041     }
2042 
2043     if (!writethrough != blk_enable_write_cache(blk) &&
2044         blk_get_attached_dev(blk))
2045     {
2046         error_report("Cannot change cache.writeback: Device attached");
2047         qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2048         return -EBUSY;
2049     }
2050 
2051     if (!(flags & BDRV_O_RDWR)) {
2052         uint64_t orig_perm, orig_shared_perm;
2053 
2054         bdrv_drain(bs);
2055 
2056         blk_get_perm(blk, &orig_perm, &orig_shared_perm);
2057         blk_set_perm(blk,
2058                      orig_perm & ~(BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_WRITE_UNCHANGED),
2059                      orig_shared_perm,
2060                      &error_abort);
2061     }
2062 
2063     qopts = qemu_opts_find(&reopen_opts, NULL);
2064     opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : qdict_new();
2065     qemu_opts_reset(&reopen_opts);
2066 
2067     if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_READ_ONLY)) {
2068         if (has_rw_option) {
2069             error_report("Cannot set both -r/-w and '" BDRV_OPT_READ_ONLY "'");
2070             qobject_unref(opts);
2071             return -EINVAL;
2072         }
2073     } else {
2074         qdict_put_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_READ_ONLY, !(flags & BDRV_O_RDWR));
2075     }
2076 
2077     if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT) ||
2078         qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH)) {
2079         if (has_cache_option) {
2080             error_report("Cannot set both -c and the cache options");
2081             qobject_unref(opts);
2082             return -EINVAL;
2083         }
2084     } else {
2085         qdict_put_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE);
2086         qdict_put_bool(opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, flags & BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH);
2087     }
2088 
2089     bdrv_subtree_drained_begin(bs);
2090     brq = bdrv_reopen_queue(NULL, bs, opts, true);
2091     bdrv_reopen_multiple(brq, &local_err);
2092     bdrv_subtree_drained_end(bs);
2093 
2094     if (local_err) {
2095         error_report_err(local_err);
2096         return -EINVAL;
2097     }
2098 
2099     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
2100     return 0;
2101 }
2102 
2103 static int break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2104 {
2105     int ret;
2106 
2107     ret = bdrv_debug_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1], argv[2]);
2108     if (ret < 0) {
2109         printf("Could not set breakpoint: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2110         return ret;
2111     }
2112 
2113     return 0;
2114 }
2115 
2116 static int remove_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2117 {
2118     int ret;
2119 
2120     ret = bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2121     if (ret < 0) {
2122         printf("Could not remove breakpoint %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(-ret));
2123         return ret;
2124     }
2125 
2126     return 0;
2127 }
2128 
2129 static const cmdinfo_t break_cmd = {
2130        .name           = "break",
2131        .argmin         = 2,
2132        .argmax         = 2,
2133        .cfunc          = break_f,
2134        .args           = "event tag",
2135        .oneline        = "sets a breakpoint on event and tags the stopped "
2136                          "request as tag",
2137 };
2138 
2139 static const cmdinfo_t remove_break_cmd = {
2140        .name           = "remove_break",
2141        .argmin         = 1,
2142        .argmax         = 1,
2143        .cfunc          = remove_break_f,
2144        .args           = "tag",
2145        .oneline        = "remove a breakpoint by tag",
2146 };
2147 
2148 static int resume_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2149 {
2150     int ret;
2151 
2152     ret = bdrv_debug_resume(blk_bs(blk), argv[1]);
2153     if (ret < 0) {
2154         printf("Could not resume request: %s\n", strerror(-ret));
2155         return ret;
2156     }
2157 
2158     return 0;
2159 }
2160 
2161 static const cmdinfo_t resume_cmd = {
2162        .name           = "resume",
2163        .argmin         = 1,
2164        .argmax         = 1,
2165        .cfunc          = resume_f,
2166        .args           = "tag",
2167        .oneline        = "resumes the request tagged as tag",
2168 };
2169 
2170 static int wait_break_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2171 {
2172     while (!bdrv_debug_is_suspended(blk_bs(blk), argv[1])) {
2173         aio_poll(blk_get_aio_context(blk), true);
2174     }
2175     return 0;
2176 }
2177 
2178 static const cmdinfo_t wait_break_cmd = {
2179        .name           = "wait_break",
2180        .argmin         = 1,
2181        .argmax         = 1,
2182        .cfunc          = wait_break_f,
2183        .args           = "tag",
2184        .oneline        = "waits for the suspension of a request",
2185 };
2186 
2187 static int abort_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2188 {
2189     abort();
2190 }
2191 
2192 static const cmdinfo_t abort_cmd = {
2193        .name           = "abort",
2194        .cfunc          = abort_f,
2195        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2196        .oneline        = "simulate a program crash using abort(3)",
2197 };
2198 
2199 static void sigraise_help(void)
2200 {
2201     printf(
2202 "\n"
2203 " raises the given signal\n"
2204 "\n"
2205 " Example:\n"
2206 " 'sigraise %i' - raises SIGTERM\n"
2207 "\n"
2208 " Invokes raise(signal), where \"signal\" is the mandatory integer argument\n"
2209 " given to sigraise.\n"
2210 "\n", SIGTERM);
2211 }
2212 
2213 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
2214 
2215 static const cmdinfo_t sigraise_cmd = {
2216     .name       = "sigraise",
2217     .cfunc      = sigraise_f,
2218     .argmin     = 1,
2219     .argmax     = 1,
2220     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2221     .args       = "signal",
2222     .oneline    = "raises a signal",
2223     .help       = sigraise_help,
2224 };
2225 
2226 static int sigraise_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2227 {
2228     int64_t sig = cvtnum(argv[1]);
2229     if (sig < 0) {
2230         print_cvtnum_err(sig, argv[1]);
2231         return sig;
2232     } else if (sig > NSIG) {
2233         printf("signal argument '%s' is too large to be a valid signal\n",
2234                argv[1]);
2235         return -EINVAL;
2236     }
2237 
2238     /* Using raise() to kill this process does not necessarily flush all open
2239      * streams. At least stdout and stderr (although the latter should be
2240      * non-buffered anyway) should be flushed, though. */
2241     fflush(stdout);
2242     fflush(stderr);
2243 
2244     raise(sig);
2245 
2246     return 0;
2247 }
2248 
2249 static void sleep_cb(void *opaque)
2250 {
2251     bool *expired = opaque;
2252     *expired = true;
2253 }
2254 
2255 static int sleep_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2256 {
2257     char *endptr;
2258     long ms;
2259     struct QEMUTimer *timer;
2260     bool expired = false;
2261 
2262     ms = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 0);
2263     if (ms < 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
2264         printf("%s is not a valid number\n", argv[1]);
2265         return -EINVAL;
2266     }
2267 
2268     timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST, sleep_cb, &expired);
2269     timer_mod(timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) + SCALE_MS * ms);
2270 
2271     while (!expired) {
2272         main_loop_wait(false);
2273     }
2274 
2275     timer_free(timer);
2276     return 0;
2277 }
2278 
2279 static const cmdinfo_t sleep_cmd = {
2280        .name           = "sleep",
2281        .argmin         = 1,
2282        .argmax         = 1,
2283        .cfunc          = sleep_f,
2284        .flags          = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
2285        .oneline        = "waits for the given value in milliseconds",
2286 };
2287 
2288 static void help_oneline(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2289 {
2290     if (cmd) {
2291         printf("%s ", cmd);
2292     } else {
2293         printf("%s ", ct->name);
2294         if (ct->altname) {
2295             printf("(or %s) ", ct->altname);
2296         }
2297     }
2298 
2299     if (ct->args) {
2300         printf("%s ", ct->args);
2301     }
2302     printf("-- %s\n", ct->oneline);
2303 }
2304 
2305 static void help_onecmd(const char *cmd, const cmdinfo_t *ct)
2306 {
2307     help_oneline(cmd, ct);
2308     if (ct->help) {
2309         ct->help();
2310     }
2311 }
2312 
2313 static void help_all(void)
2314 {
2315     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2316 
2317     for (ct = cmdtab; ct < &cmdtab[ncmds]; ct++) {
2318         help_oneline(ct->name, ct);
2319     }
2320     printf("\nUse 'help commandname' for extended help.\n");
2321 }
2322 
2323 static int help_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
2324 {
2325     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2326 
2327     if (argc == 1) {
2328         help_all();
2329         return 0;
2330     }
2331 
2332     ct = find_command(argv[1]);
2333     if (ct == NULL) {
2334         printf("command %s not found\n", argv[1]);
2335         return -EINVAL;
2336     }
2337 
2338     help_onecmd(argv[1], ct);
2339     return 0;
2340 }
2341 
2342 static const cmdinfo_t help_cmd = {
2343     .name       = "help",
2344     .altname    = "?",
2345     .cfunc      = help_f,
2346     .argmin     = 0,
2347     .argmax     = 1,
2348     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
2349     .args       = "[command]",
2350     .oneline    = "help for one or all commands",
2351 };
2352 
2353 int qemuio_command(BlockBackend *blk, const char *cmd)
2354 {
2355     AioContext *ctx;
2356     char *input;
2357     const cmdinfo_t *ct;
2358     char **v;
2359     int c;
2360     int ret = 0;
2361 
2362     input = g_strdup(cmd);
2363     v = breakline(input, &c);
2364     if (c) {
2365         ct = find_command(v[0]);
2366         if (ct) {
2367             ctx = blk ? blk_get_aio_context(blk) : qemu_get_aio_context();
2368             aio_context_acquire(ctx);
2369             ret = command(blk, ct, c, v);
2370             aio_context_release(ctx);
2371         } else {
2372             fprintf(stderr, "command \"%s\" not found\n", v[0]);
2373             ret = -EINVAL;
2374         }
2375     }
2376     g_free(input);
2377     g_free(v);
2378 
2379     return ret;
2380 }
2381 
2382 static void __attribute((constructor)) init_qemuio_commands(void)
2383 {
2384     /* initialize commands */
2385     qemuio_add_command(&help_cmd);
2386     qemuio_add_command(&read_cmd);
2387     qemuio_add_command(&readv_cmd);
2388     qemuio_add_command(&write_cmd);
2389     qemuio_add_command(&writev_cmd);
2390     qemuio_add_command(&aio_read_cmd);
2391     qemuio_add_command(&aio_write_cmd);
2392     qemuio_add_command(&aio_flush_cmd);
2393     qemuio_add_command(&flush_cmd);
2394     qemuio_add_command(&truncate_cmd);
2395     qemuio_add_command(&length_cmd);
2396     qemuio_add_command(&info_cmd);
2397     qemuio_add_command(&discard_cmd);
2398     qemuio_add_command(&alloc_cmd);
2399     qemuio_add_command(&map_cmd);
2400     qemuio_add_command(&reopen_cmd);
2401     qemuio_add_command(&break_cmd);
2402     qemuio_add_command(&remove_break_cmd);
2403     qemuio_add_command(&resume_cmd);
2404     qemuio_add_command(&wait_break_cmd);
2405     qemuio_add_command(&abort_cmd);
2406     qemuio_add_command(&sleep_cmd);
2407     qemuio_add_command(&sigraise_cmd);
2408 }
2409