xref: /openbmc/qemu/net/net.c (revision 64552b6b)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 
27 #include "net/net.h"
28 #include "clients.h"
29 #include "hub.h"
30 #include "net/slirp.h"
31 #include "net/eth.h"
32 #include "util.h"
33 
34 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
35 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
36 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-net.h"
37 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-net.h"
38 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
39 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
40 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
41 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
42 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
43 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
44 #include "qemu/ctype.h"
45 #include "hw/qdev.h"
46 #include "qemu/iov.h"
47 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
48 #include "qemu/option.h"
49 #include "qapi/error.h"
50 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
51 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
52 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
53 #include "net/filter.h"
54 #include "qapi/string-output-visitor.h"
55 
56 /* Net bridge is currently not supported for W32. */
57 #if !defined(_WIN32)
58 # define CONFIG_NET_BRIDGE
59 #endif
60 
61 static VMChangeStateEntry *net_change_state_entry;
62 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, NetClientState) net_clients;
63 
64 /***********************************************************/
65 /* network device redirectors */
66 
67 int parse_host_port(struct sockaddr_in *saddr, const char *str,
68                     Error **errp)
69 {
70     gchar **substrings;
71     struct hostent *he;
72     const char *addr, *p, *r;
73     int port, ret = 0;
74 
75     substrings = g_strsplit(str, ":", 2);
76     if (!substrings || !substrings[0] || !substrings[1]) {
77         error_setg(errp, "host address '%s' doesn't contain ':' "
78                    "separating host from port", str);
79         ret = -1;
80         goto out;
81     }
82 
83     addr = substrings[0];
84     p = substrings[1];
85 
86     saddr->sin_family = AF_INET;
87     if (addr[0] == '\0') {
88         saddr->sin_addr.s_addr = 0;
89     } else {
90         if (qemu_isdigit(addr[0])) {
91             if (!inet_aton(addr, &saddr->sin_addr)) {
92                 error_setg(errp, "host address '%s' is not a valid "
93                            "IPv4 address", addr);
94                 ret = -1;
95                 goto out;
96             }
97         } else {
98             he = gethostbyname(addr);
99             if (he == NULL) {
100                 error_setg(errp, "can't resolve host address '%s'", addr);
101                 ret = -1;
102                 goto out;
103             }
104             saddr->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)he->h_addr;
105         }
106     }
107     port = strtol(p, (char **)&r, 0);
108     if (r == p) {
109         error_setg(errp, "port number '%s' is invalid", p);
110         ret = -1;
111         goto out;
112     }
113     saddr->sin_port = htons(port);
114 
115 out:
116     g_strfreev(substrings);
117     return ret;
118 }
119 
120 char *qemu_mac_strdup_printf(const uint8_t *macaddr)
121 {
122     return g_strdup_printf("%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x",
123                            macaddr[0], macaddr[1], macaddr[2],
124                            macaddr[3], macaddr[4], macaddr[5]);
125 }
126 
127 void qemu_format_nic_info_str(NetClientState *nc, uint8_t macaddr[6])
128 {
129     snprintf(nc->info_str, sizeof(nc->info_str),
130              "model=%s,macaddr=%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
131              nc->model,
132              macaddr[0], macaddr[1], macaddr[2],
133              macaddr[3], macaddr[4], macaddr[5]);
134 }
135 
136 static int mac_table[256] = {0};
137 
138 static void qemu_macaddr_set_used(MACAddr *macaddr)
139 {
140     int index;
141 
142     for (index = 0x56; index < 0xFF; index++) {
143         if (macaddr->a[5] == index) {
144             mac_table[index]++;
145         }
146     }
147 }
148 
149 static void qemu_macaddr_set_free(MACAddr *macaddr)
150 {
151     int index;
152     static const MACAddr base = { .a = { 0x52, 0x54, 0x00, 0x12, 0x34, 0 } };
153 
154     if (memcmp(macaddr->a, &base.a, (sizeof(base.a) - 1)) != 0) {
155         return;
156     }
157     for (index = 0x56; index < 0xFF; index++) {
158         if (macaddr->a[5] == index) {
159             mac_table[index]--;
160         }
161     }
162 }
163 
164 static int qemu_macaddr_get_free(void)
165 {
166     int index;
167 
168     for (index = 0x56; index < 0xFF; index++) {
169         if (mac_table[index] == 0) {
170             return index;
171         }
172     }
173 
174     return -1;
175 }
176 
177 void qemu_macaddr_default_if_unset(MACAddr *macaddr)
178 {
179     static const MACAddr zero = { .a = { 0,0,0,0,0,0 } };
180     static const MACAddr base = { .a = { 0x52, 0x54, 0x00, 0x12, 0x34, 0 } };
181 
182     if (memcmp(macaddr, &zero, sizeof(zero)) != 0) {
183         if (memcmp(macaddr->a, &base.a, (sizeof(base.a) - 1)) != 0) {
184             return;
185         } else {
186             qemu_macaddr_set_used(macaddr);
187             return;
188         }
189     }
190 
191     macaddr->a[0] = 0x52;
192     macaddr->a[1] = 0x54;
193     macaddr->a[2] = 0x00;
194     macaddr->a[3] = 0x12;
195     macaddr->a[4] = 0x34;
196     macaddr->a[5] = qemu_macaddr_get_free();
197     qemu_macaddr_set_used(macaddr);
198 }
199 
200 /**
201  * Generate a name for net client
202  *
203  * Only net clients created with the legacy -net option and NICs need this.
204  */
205 static char *assign_name(NetClientState *nc1, const char *model)
206 {
207     NetClientState *nc;
208     int id = 0;
209 
210     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
211         if (nc == nc1) {
212             continue;
213         }
214         if (strcmp(nc->model, model) == 0) {
215             id++;
216         }
217     }
218 
219     return g_strdup_printf("%s.%d", model, id);
220 }
221 
222 static void qemu_net_client_destructor(NetClientState *nc)
223 {
224     g_free(nc);
225 }
226 static ssize_t qemu_deliver_packet_iov(NetClientState *sender,
227                                        unsigned flags,
228                                        const struct iovec *iov,
229                                        int iovcnt,
230                                        void *opaque);
231 
232 static void qemu_net_client_setup(NetClientState *nc,
233                                   NetClientInfo *info,
234                                   NetClientState *peer,
235                                   const char *model,
236                                   const char *name,
237                                   NetClientDestructor *destructor)
238 {
239     nc->info = info;
240     nc->model = g_strdup(model);
241     if (name) {
242         nc->name = g_strdup(name);
243     } else {
244         nc->name = assign_name(nc, model);
245     }
246 
247     if (peer) {
248         assert(!peer->peer);
249         nc->peer = peer;
250         peer->peer = nc;
251     }
252     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&net_clients, nc, next);
253 
254     nc->incoming_queue = qemu_new_net_queue(qemu_deliver_packet_iov, nc);
255     nc->destructor = destructor;
256     QTAILQ_INIT(&nc->filters);
257 }
258 
259 NetClientState *qemu_new_net_client(NetClientInfo *info,
260                                     NetClientState *peer,
261                                     const char *model,
262                                     const char *name)
263 {
264     NetClientState *nc;
265 
266     assert(info->size >= sizeof(NetClientState));
267 
268     nc = g_malloc0(info->size);
269     qemu_net_client_setup(nc, info, peer, model, name,
270                           qemu_net_client_destructor);
271 
272     return nc;
273 }
274 
275 NICState *qemu_new_nic(NetClientInfo *info,
276                        NICConf *conf,
277                        const char *model,
278                        const char *name,
279                        void *opaque)
280 {
281     NetClientState **peers = conf->peers.ncs;
282     NICState *nic;
283     int i, queues = MAX(1, conf->peers.queues);
284 
285     assert(info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC);
286     assert(info->size >= sizeof(NICState));
287 
288     nic = g_malloc0(info->size + sizeof(NetClientState) * queues);
289     nic->ncs = (void *)nic + info->size;
290     nic->conf = conf;
291     nic->opaque = opaque;
292 
293     for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
294         qemu_net_client_setup(&nic->ncs[i], info, peers[i], model, name,
295                               NULL);
296         nic->ncs[i].queue_index = i;
297     }
298 
299     return nic;
300 }
301 
302 NetClientState *qemu_get_subqueue(NICState *nic, int queue_index)
303 {
304     return nic->ncs + queue_index;
305 }
306 
307 NetClientState *qemu_get_queue(NICState *nic)
308 {
309     return qemu_get_subqueue(nic, 0);
310 }
311 
312 NICState *qemu_get_nic(NetClientState *nc)
313 {
314     NetClientState *nc0 = nc - nc->queue_index;
315 
316     return (NICState *)((void *)nc0 - nc->info->size);
317 }
318 
319 void *qemu_get_nic_opaque(NetClientState *nc)
320 {
321     NICState *nic = qemu_get_nic(nc);
322 
323     return nic->opaque;
324 }
325 
326 static void qemu_cleanup_net_client(NetClientState *nc)
327 {
328     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&net_clients, nc, next);
329 
330     if (nc->info->cleanup) {
331         nc->info->cleanup(nc);
332     }
333 }
334 
335 static void qemu_free_net_client(NetClientState *nc)
336 {
337     if (nc->incoming_queue) {
338         qemu_del_net_queue(nc->incoming_queue);
339     }
340     if (nc->peer) {
341         nc->peer->peer = NULL;
342     }
343     g_free(nc->name);
344     g_free(nc->model);
345     if (nc->destructor) {
346         nc->destructor(nc);
347     }
348 }
349 
350 void qemu_del_net_client(NetClientState *nc)
351 {
352     NetClientState *ncs[MAX_QUEUE_NUM];
353     int queues, i;
354     NetFilterState *nf, *next;
355 
356     assert(nc->info->type != NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC);
357 
358     /* If the NetClientState belongs to a multiqueue backend, we will change all
359      * other NetClientStates also.
360      */
361     queues = qemu_find_net_clients_except(nc->name, ncs,
362                                           NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC,
363                                           MAX_QUEUE_NUM);
364     assert(queues != 0);
365 
366     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(nf, &nc->filters, next, next) {
367         object_unparent(OBJECT(nf));
368     }
369 
370     /* If there is a peer NIC, delete and cleanup client, but do not free. */
371     if (nc->peer && nc->peer->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
372         NICState *nic = qemu_get_nic(nc->peer);
373         if (nic->peer_deleted) {
374             return;
375         }
376         nic->peer_deleted = true;
377 
378         for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
379             ncs[i]->peer->link_down = true;
380         }
381 
382         if (nc->peer->info->link_status_changed) {
383             nc->peer->info->link_status_changed(nc->peer);
384         }
385 
386         for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
387             qemu_cleanup_net_client(ncs[i]);
388         }
389 
390         return;
391     }
392 
393     for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
394         qemu_cleanup_net_client(ncs[i]);
395         qemu_free_net_client(ncs[i]);
396     }
397 }
398 
399 void qemu_del_nic(NICState *nic)
400 {
401     int i, queues = MAX(nic->conf->peers.queues, 1);
402 
403     qemu_macaddr_set_free(&nic->conf->macaddr);
404 
405     /* If this is a peer NIC and peer has already been deleted, free it now. */
406     if (nic->peer_deleted) {
407         for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
408             qemu_free_net_client(qemu_get_subqueue(nic, i)->peer);
409         }
410     }
411 
412     for (i = queues - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
413         NetClientState *nc = qemu_get_subqueue(nic, i);
414 
415         qemu_cleanup_net_client(nc);
416         qemu_free_net_client(nc);
417     }
418 
419     g_free(nic);
420 }
421 
422 void qemu_foreach_nic(qemu_nic_foreach func, void *opaque)
423 {
424     NetClientState *nc;
425 
426     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
427         if (nc->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
428             if (nc->queue_index == 0) {
429                 func(qemu_get_nic(nc), opaque);
430             }
431         }
432     }
433 }
434 
435 bool qemu_has_ufo(NetClientState *nc)
436 {
437     if (!nc || !nc->info->has_ufo) {
438         return false;
439     }
440 
441     return nc->info->has_ufo(nc);
442 }
443 
444 bool qemu_has_vnet_hdr(NetClientState *nc)
445 {
446     if (!nc || !nc->info->has_vnet_hdr) {
447         return false;
448     }
449 
450     return nc->info->has_vnet_hdr(nc);
451 }
452 
453 bool qemu_has_vnet_hdr_len(NetClientState *nc, int len)
454 {
455     if (!nc || !nc->info->has_vnet_hdr_len) {
456         return false;
457     }
458 
459     return nc->info->has_vnet_hdr_len(nc, len);
460 }
461 
462 void qemu_using_vnet_hdr(NetClientState *nc, bool enable)
463 {
464     if (!nc || !nc->info->using_vnet_hdr) {
465         return;
466     }
467 
468     nc->info->using_vnet_hdr(nc, enable);
469 }
470 
471 void qemu_set_offload(NetClientState *nc, int csum, int tso4, int tso6,
472                           int ecn, int ufo)
473 {
474     if (!nc || !nc->info->set_offload) {
475         return;
476     }
477 
478     nc->info->set_offload(nc, csum, tso4, tso6, ecn, ufo);
479 }
480 
481 void qemu_set_vnet_hdr_len(NetClientState *nc, int len)
482 {
483     if (!nc || !nc->info->set_vnet_hdr_len) {
484         return;
485     }
486 
487     nc->vnet_hdr_len = len;
488     nc->info->set_vnet_hdr_len(nc, len);
489 }
490 
491 int qemu_set_vnet_le(NetClientState *nc, bool is_le)
492 {
493 #ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
494     if (!nc || !nc->info->set_vnet_le) {
495         return -ENOSYS;
496     }
497 
498     return nc->info->set_vnet_le(nc, is_le);
499 #else
500     return 0;
501 #endif
502 }
503 
504 int qemu_set_vnet_be(NetClientState *nc, bool is_be)
505 {
506 #ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
507     return 0;
508 #else
509     if (!nc || !nc->info->set_vnet_be) {
510         return -ENOSYS;
511     }
512 
513     return nc->info->set_vnet_be(nc, is_be);
514 #endif
515 }
516 
517 int qemu_can_send_packet(NetClientState *sender)
518 {
519     int vm_running = runstate_is_running();
520 
521     if (!vm_running) {
522         return 0;
523     }
524 
525     if (!sender->peer) {
526         return 1;
527     }
528 
529     if (sender->peer->receive_disabled) {
530         return 0;
531     } else if (sender->peer->info->can_receive &&
532                !sender->peer->info->can_receive(sender->peer)) {
533         return 0;
534     }
535     return 1;
536 }
537 
538 static ssize_t filter_receive_iov(NetClientState *nc,
539                                   NetFilterDirection direction,
540                                   NetClientState *sender,
541                                   unsigned flags,
542                                   const struct iovec *iov,
543                                   int iovcnt,
544                                   NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
545 {
546     ssize_t ret = 0;
547     NetFilterState *nf = NULL;
548 
549     if (direction == NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_TX) {
550         QTAILQ_FOREACH(nf, &nc->filters, next) {
551             ret = qemu_netfilter_receive(nf, direction, sender, flags, iov,
552                                          iovcnt, sent_cb);
553             if (ret) {
554                 return ret;
555             }
556         }
557     } else {
558         QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(nf, &nc->filters, next) {
559             ret = qemu_netfilter_receive(nf, direction, sender, flags, iov,
560                                          iovcnt, sent_cb);
561             if (ret) {
562                 return ret;
563             }
564         }
565     }
566 
567     return ret;
568 }
569 
570 static ssize_t filter_receive(NetClientState *nc,
571                               NetFilterDirection direction,
572                               NetClientState *sender,
573                               unsigned flags,
574                               const uint8_t *data,
575                               size_t size,
576                               NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
577 {
578     struct iovec iov = {
579         .iov_base = (void *)data,
580         .iov_len = size
581     };
582 
583     return filter_receive_iov(nc, direction, sender, flags, &iov, 1, sent_cb);
584 }
585 
586 void qemu_purge_queued_packets(NetClientState *nc)
587 {
588     if (!nc->peer) {
589         return;
590     }
591 
592     qemu_net_queue_purge(nc->peer->incoming_queue, nc);
593 }
594 
595 void qemu_flush_or_purge_queued_packets(NetClientState *nc, bool purge)
596 {
597     nc->receive_disabled = 0;
598 
599     if (nc->peer && nc->peer->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_HUBPORT) {
600         if (net_hub_flush(nc->peer)) {
601             qemu_notify_event();
602         }
603     }
604     if (qemu_net_queue_flush(nc->incoming_queue)) {
605         /* We emptied the queue successfully, signal to the IO thread to repoll
606          * the file descriptor (for tap, for example).
607          */
608         qemu_notify_event();
609     } else if (purge) {
610         /* Unable to empty the queue, purge remaining packets */
611         qemu_net_queue_purge(nc->incoming_queue, nc);
612     }
613 }
614 
615 void qemu_flush_queued_packets(NetClientState *nc)
616 {
617     qemu_flush_or_purge_queued_packets(nc, false);
618 }
619 
620 static ssize_t qemu_send_packet_async_with_flags(NetClientState *sender,
621                                                  unsigned flags,
622                                                  const uint8_t *buf, int size,
623                                                  NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
624 {
625     NetQueue *queue;
626     int ret;
627 
628 #ifdef DEBUG_NET
629     printf("qemu_send_packet_async:\n");
630     qemu_hexdump((const char *)buf, stdout, "net", size);
631 #endif
632 
633     if (sender->link_down || !sender->peer) {
634         return size;
635     }
636 
637     /* Let filters handle the packet first */
638     ret = filter_receive(sender, NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_TX,
639                          sender, flags, buf, size, sent_cb);
640     if (ret) {
641         return ret;
642     }
643 
644     ret = filter_receive(sender->peer, NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_RX,
645                          sender, flags, buf, size, sent_cb);
646     if (ret) {
647         return ret;
648     }
649 
650     queue = sender->peer->incoming_queue;
651 
652     return qemu_net_queue_send(queue, sender, flags, buf, size, sent_cb);
653 }
654 
655 ssize_t qemu_send_packet_async(NetClientState *sender,
656                                const uint8_t *buf, int size,
657                                NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
658 {
659     return qemu_send_packet_async_with_flags(sender, QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_NONE,
660                                              buf, size, sent_cb);
661 }
662 
663 ssize_t qemu_send_packet(NetClientState *nc, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
664 {
665     return qemu_send_packet_async(nc, buf, size, NULL);
666 }
667 
668 ssize_t qemu_send_packet_raw(NetClientState *nc, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
669 {
670     return qemu_send_packet_async_with_flags(nc, QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_RAW,
671                                              buf, size, NULL);
672 }
673 
674 static ssize_t nc_sendv_compat(NetClientState *nc, const struct iovec *iov,
675                                int iovcnt, unsigned flags)
676 {
677     uint8_t *buf = NULL;
678     uint8_t *buffer;
679     size_t offset;
680     ssize_t ret;
681 
682     if (iovcnt == 1) {
683         buffer = iov[0].iov_base;
684         offset = iov[0].iov_len;
685     } else {
686         offset = iov_size(iov, iovcnt);
687         if (offset > NET_BUFSIZE) {
688             return -1;
689         }
690         buf = g_malloc(offset);
691         buffer = buf;
692         offset = iov_to_buf(iov, iovcnt, 0, buf, offset);
693     }
694 
695     if (flags & QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_RAW && nc->info->receive_raw) {
696         ret = nc->info->receive_raw(nc, buffer, offset);
697     } else {
698         ret = nc->info->receive(nc, buffer, offset);
699     }
700 
701     g_free(buf);
702     return ret;
703 }
704 
705 static ssize_t qemu_deliver_packet_iov(NetClientState *sender,
706                                        unsigned flags,
707                                        const struct iovec *iov,
708                                        int iovcnt,
709                                        void *opaque)
710 {
711     NetClientState *nc = opaque;
712     int ret;
713 
714 
715     if (nc->link_down) {
716         return iov_size(iov, iovcnt);
717     }
718 
719     if (nc->receive_disabled) {
720         return 0;
721     }
722 
723     if (nc->info->receive_iov && !(flags & QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_RAW)) {
724         ret = nc->info->receive_iov(nc, iov, iovcnt);
725     } else {
726         ret = nc_sendv_compat(nc, iov, iovcnt, flags);
727     }
728 
729     if (ret == 0) {
730         nc->receive_disabled = 1;
731     }
732 
733     return ret;
734 }
735 
736 ssize_t qemu_sendv_packet_async(NetClientState *sender,
737                                 const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt,
738                                 NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
739 {
740     NetQueue *queue;
741     size_t size = iov_size(iov, iovcnt);
742     int ret;
743 
744     if (size > NET_BUFSIZE) {
745         return size;
746     }
747 
748     if (sender->link_down || !sender->peer) {
749         return size;
750     }
751 
752     /* Let filters handle the packet first */
753     ret = filter_receive_iov(sender, NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_TX, sender,
754                              QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_NONE, iov, iovcnt, sent_cb);
755     if (ret) {
756         return ret;
757     }
758 
759     ret = filter_receive_iov(sender->peer, NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_RX, sender,
760                              QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_NONE, iov, iovcnt, sent_cb);
761     if (ret) {
762         return ret;
763     }
764 
765     queue = sender->peer->incoming_queue;
766 
767     return qemu_net_queue_send_iov(queue, sender,
768                                    QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_NONE,
769                                    iov, iovcnt, sent_cb);
770 }
771 
772 ssize_t
773 qemu_sendv_packet(NetClientState *nc, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt)
774 {
775     return qemu_sendv_packet_async(nc, iov, iovcnt, NULL);
776 }
777 
778 NetClientState *qemu_find_netdev(const char *id)
779 {
780     NetClientState *nc;
781 
782     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
783         if (nc->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC)
784             continue;
785         if (!strcmp(nc->name, id)) {
786             return nc;
787         }
788     }
789 
790     return NULL;
791 }
792 
793 int qemu_find_net_clients_except(const char *id, NetClientState **ncs,
794                                  NetClientDriver type, int max)
795 {
796     NetClientState *nc;
797     int ret = 0;
798 
799     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
800         if (nc->info->type == type) {
801             continue;
802         }
803         if (!id || !strcmp(nc->name, id)) {
804             if (ret < max) {
805                 ncs[ret] = nc;
806             }
807             ret++;
808         }
809     }
810 
811     return ret;
812 }
813 
814 static int nic_get_free_idx(void)
815 {
816     int index;
817 
818     for (index = 0; index < MAX_NICS; index++)
819         if (!nd_table[index].used)
820             return index;
821     return -1;
822 }
823 
824 int qemu_show_nic_models(const char *arg, const char *const *models)
825 {
826     int i;
827 
828     if (!arg || !is_help_option(arg)) {
829         return 0;
830     }
831 
832     printf("Supported NIC models:\n");
833     for (i = 0 ; models[i]; i++) {
834         printf("%s\n", models[i]);
835     }
836     return 1;
837 }
838 
839 void qemu_check_nic_model(NICInfo *nd, const char *model)
840 {
841     const char *models[2];
842 
843     models[0] = model;
844     models[1] = NULL;
845 
846     if (qemu_show_nic_models(nd->model, models))
847         exit(0);
848     if (qemu_find_nic_model(nd, models, model) < 0)
849         exit(1);
850 }
851 
852 int qemu_find_nic_model(NICInfo *nd, const char * const *models,
853                         const char *default_model)
854 {
855     int i;
856 
857     if (!nd->model)
858         nd->model = g_strdup(default_model);
859 
860     for (i = 0 ; models[i]; i++) {
861         if (strcmp(nd->model, models[i]) == 0)
862             return i;
863     }
864 
865     error_report("Unsupported NIC model: %s", nd->model);
866     return -1;
867 }
868 
869 static int net_init_nic(const Netdev *netdev, const char *name,
870                         NetClientState *peer, Error **errp)
871 {
872     int idx;
873     NICInfo *nd;
874     const NetLegacyNicOptions *nic;
875 
876     assert(netdev->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC);
877     nic = &netdev->u.nic;
878 
879     idx = nic_get_free_idx();
880     if (idx == -1 || nb_nics >= MAX_NICS) {
881         error_setg(errp, "too many NICs");
882         return -1;
883     }
884 
885     nd = &nd_table[idx];
886 
887     memset(nd, 0, sizeof(*nd));
888 
889     if (nic->has_netdev) {
890         nd->netdev = qemu_find_netdev(nic->netdev);
891         if (!nd->netdev) {
892             error_setg(errp, "netdev '%s' not found", nic->netdev);
893             return -1;
894         }
895     } else {
896         assert(peer);
897         nd->netdev = peer;
898     }
899     nd->name = g_strdup(name);
900     if (nic->has_model) {
901         nd->model = g_strdup(nic->model);
902     }
903     if (nic->has_addr) {
904         nd->devaddr = g_strdup(nic->addr);
905     }
906 
907     if (nic->has_macaddr &&
908         net_parse_macaddr(nd->macaddr.a, nic->macaddr) < 0) {
909         error_setg(errp, "invalid syntax for ethernet address");
910         return -1;
911     }
912     if (nic->has_macaddr &&
913         is_multicast_ether_addr(nd->macaddr.a)) {
914         error_setg(errp,
915                    "NIC cannot have multicast MAC address (odd 1st byte)");
916         return -1;
917     }
918     qemu_macaddr_default_if_unset(&nd->macaddr);
919 
920     if (nic->has_vectors) {
921         if (nic->vectors > 0x7ffffff) {
922             error_setg(errp, "invalid # of vectors: %"PRIu32, nic->vectors);
923             return -1;
924         }
925         nd->nvectors = nic->vectors;
926     } else {
927         nd->nvectors = DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED;
928     }
929 
930     nd->used = 1;
931     nb_nics++;
932 
933     return idx;
934 }
935 
936 
937 static int (* const net_client_init_fun[NET_CLIENT_DRIVER__MAX])(
938     const Netdev *netdev,
939     const char *name,
940     NetClientState *peer, Error **errp) = {
941         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC]       = net_init_nic,
942 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
943         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_USER]      = net_init_slirp,
944 #endif
945         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_TAP]       = net_init_tap,
946         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_SOCKET]    = net_init_socket,
947 #ifdef CONFIG_VDE
948         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_VDE]       = net_init_vde,
949 #endif
950 #ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP
951         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NETMAP]    = net_init_netmap,
952 #endif
953 #ifdef CONFIG_NET_BRIDGE
954         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_BRIDGE]    = net_init_bridge,
955 #endif
956         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_HUBPORT]   = net_init_hubport,
957 #ifdef CONFIG_VHOST_NET_USER
958         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_VHOST_USER] = net_init_vhost_user,
959 #endif
960 #ifdef CONFIG_L2TPV3
961         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_L2TPV3]    = net_init_l2tpv3,
962 #endif
963 };
964 
965 
966 static int net_client_init1(const void *object, bool is_netdev, Error **errp)
967 {
968     Netdev legacy = {0};
969     const Netdev *netdev;
970     const char *name;
971     NetClientState *peer = NULL;
972 
973     if (is_netdev) {
974         netdev = object;
975         name = netdev->id;
976 
977         if (netdev->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC ||
978             !net_client_init_fun[netdev->type]) {
979             error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "type",
980                        "a netdev backend type");
981             return -1;
982         }
983     } else {
984         const NetLegacy *net = object;
985         const NetLegacyOptions *opts = net->opts;
986         legacy.id = net->id;
987         netdev = &legacy;
988         /* missing optional values have been initialized to "all bits zero" */
989         name = net->has_id ? net->id : net->name;
990 
991         if (net->has_name) {
992             warn_report("The 'name' parameter is deprecated, use 'id' instead");
993         }
994 
995         /* Map the old options to the new flat type */
996         switch (opts->type) {
997         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_NONE:
998             return 0; /* nothing to do */
999         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_NIC:
1000             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC;
1001             legacy.u.nic = opts->u.nic;
1002             break;
1003         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_USER:
1004             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_USER;
1005             legacy.u.user = opts->u.user;
1006             break;
1007         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_TAP:
1008             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_TAP;
1009             legacy.u.tap = opts->u.tap;
1010             break;
1011         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_L2TPV3:
1012             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_L2TPV3;
1013             legacy.u.l2tpv3 = opts->u.l2tpv3;
1014             break;
1015         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_SOCKET:
1016             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_SOCKET;
1017             legacy.u.socket = opts->u.socket;
1018             break;
1019         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_VDE:
1020             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_VDE;
1021             legacy.u.vde = opts->u.vde;
1022             break;
1023         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_BRIDGE:
1024             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_BRIDGE;
1025             legacy.u.bridge = opts->u.bridge;
1026             break;
1027         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_NETMAP:
1028             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NETMAP;
1029             legacy.u.netmap = opts->u.netmap;
1030             break;
1031         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_VHOST_USER:
1032             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_VHOST_USER;
1033             legacy.u.vhost_user = opts->u.vhost_user;
1034             break;
1035         default:
1036             abort();
1037         }
1038 
1039         if (!net_client_init_fun[netdev->type]) {
1040             error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "type",
1041                        "a net backend type (maybe it is not compiled "
1042                        "into this binary)");
1043             return -1;
1044         }
1045 
1046         /* Do not add to a hub if it's a nic with a netdev= parameter. */
1047         if (netdev->type != NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC ||
1048             !opts->u.nic.has_netdev) {
1049             peer = net_hub_add_port(0, NULL, NULL);
1050         }
1051     }
1052 
1053     if (net_client_init_fun[netdev->type](netdev, name, peer, errp) < 0) {
1054         /* FIXME drop when all init functions store an Error */
1055         if (errp && !*errp) {
1056             error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_INIT_FAILED,
1057                        NetClientDriver_str(netdev->type));
1058         }
1059         return -1;
1060     }
1061     return 0;
1062 }
1063 
1064 static void show_netdevs(void)
1065 {
1066     int idx;
1067     const char *available_netdevs[] = {
1068         "socket",
1069         "hubport",
1070         "tap",
1071 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1072         "user",
1073 #endif
1074 #ifdef CONFIG_L2TPV3
1075         "l2tpv3",
1076 #endif
1077 #ifdef CONFIG_VDE
1078         "vde",
1079 #endif
1080 #ifdef CONFIG_NET_BRIDGE
1081         "bridge",
1082 #endif
1083 #ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP
1084         "netmap",
1085 #endif
1086 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
1087         "vhost-user",
1088 #endif
1089     };
1090 
1091     printf("Available netdev backend types:\n");
1092     for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(available_netdevs); idx++) {
1093         puts(available_netdevs[idx]);
1094     }
1095 }
1096 
1097 static int net_client_init(QemuOpts *opts, bool is_netdev, Error **errp)
1098 {
1099     gchar **substrings = NULL;
1100     void *object = NULL;
1101     Error *err = NULL;
1102     int ret = -1;
1103     Visitor *v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1104 
1105     const char *type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "type");
1106 
1107     if (is_netdev && type && is_help_option(type)) {
1108         show_netdevs();
1109         exit(0);
1110     } else {
1111         /* Parse convenience option format ip6-net=fec0::0[/64] */
1112         const char *ip6_net = qemu_opt_get(opts, "ipv6-net");
1113 
1114         if (ip6_net) {
1115             char *prefix_addr;
1116             unsigned long prefix_len = 64; /* Default 64bit prefix length. */
1117 
1118             substrings = g_strsplit(ip6_net, "/", 2);
1119             if (!substrings || !substrings[0]) {
1120                 error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "ipv6-net",
1121                            "a valid IPv6 prefix");
1122                 goto out;
1123             }
1124 
1125             prefix_addr = substrings[0];
1126 
1127             if (substrings[1]) {
1128                 /* User-specified prefix length.  */
1129                 int err;
1130 
1131                 err = qemu_strtoul(substrings[1], NULL, 10, &prefix_len);
1132                 if (err) {
1133                     error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE,
1134                                "ipv6-prefixlen", "a number");
1135                     goto out;
1136                 }
1137             }
1138 
1139             qemu_opt_set(opts, "ipv6-prefix", prefix_addr, &error_abort);
1140             qemu_opt_set_number(opts, "ipv6-prefixlen", prefix_len,
1141                                 &error_abort);
1142             qemu_opt_unset(opts, "ipv6-net");
1143         }
1144     }
1145 
1146     if (is_netdev) {
1147         visit_type_Netdev(v, NULL, (Netdev **)&object, &err);
1148     } else {
1149         visit_type_NetLegacy(v, NULL, (NetLegacy **)&object, &err);
1150     }
1151 
1152     if (!err) {
1153         ret = net_client_init1(object, is_netdev, &err);
1154     }
1155 
1156     if (is_netdev) {
1157         qapi_free_Netdev(object);
1158     } else {
1159         qapi_free_NetLegacy(object);
1160     }
1161 
1162 out:
1163     error_propagate(errp, err);
1164     g_strfreev(substrings);
1165     visit_free(v);
1166     return ret;
1167 }
1168 
1169 void netdev_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1170 {
1171     net_client_init(opts, true, errp);
1172 }
1173 
1174 void qmp_netdev_add(QDict *qdict, QObject **ret, Error **errp)
1175 {
1176     Error *local_err = NULL;
1177     QemuOptsList *opts_list;
1178     QemuOpts *opts;
1179 
1180     opts_list = qemu_find_opts_err("netdev", &local_err);
1181     if (local_err) {
1182         goto out;
1183     }
1184 
1185     opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(opts_list, qdict, &local_err);
1186     if (local_err) {
1187         goto out;
1188     }
1189 
1190     netdev_add(opts, &local_err);
1191     if (local_err) {
1192         qemu_opts_del(opts);
1193         goto out;
1194     }
1195 
1196 out:
1197     error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1198 }
1199 
1200 void qmp_netdev_del(const char *id, Error **errp)
1201 {
1202     NetClientState *nc;
1203     QemuOpts *opts;
1204 
1205     nc = qemu_find_netdev(id);
1206     if (!nc) {
1207         error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
1208                   "Device '%s' not found", id);
1209         return;
1210     }
1211 
1212     opts = qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts_err("netdev", NULL), id);
1213     if (!opts) {
1214         error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' is not a netdev", id);
1215         return;
1216     }
1217 
1218     qemu_del_net_client(nc);
1219     qemu_opts_del(opts);
1220 }
1221 
1222 static void netfilter_print_info(Monitor *mon, NetFilterState *nf)
1223 {
1224     char *str;
1225     ObjectProperty *prop;
1226     ObjectPropertyIterator iter;
1227     Visitor *v;
1228 
1229     /* generate info str */
1230     object_property_iter_init(&iter, OBJECT(nf));
1231     while ((prop = object_property_iter_next(&iter))) {
1232         if (!strcmp(prop->name, "type")) {
1233             continue;
1234         }
1235         v = string_output_visitor_new(false, &str);
1236         object_property_get(OBJECT(nf), v, prop->name, NULL);
1237         visit_complete(v, &str);
1238         visit_free(v);
1239         monitor_printf(mon, ",%s=%s", prop->name, str);
1240         g_free(str);
1241     }
1242     monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
1243 }
1244 
1245 void print_net_client(Monitor *mon, NetClientState *nc)
1246 {
1247     NetFilterState *nf;
1248 
1249     monitor_printf(mon, "%s: index=%d,type=%s,%s\n", nc->name,
1250                    nc->queue_index,
1251                    NetClientDriver_str(nc->info->type),
1252                    nc->info_str);
1253     if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&nc->filters)) {
1254         monitor_printf(mon, "filters:\n");
1255     }
1256     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nf, &nc->filters, next) {
1257         char *path = object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(nf));
1258 
1259         monitor_printf(mon, "  - %s: type=%s", path,
1260                        object_get_typename(OBJECT(nf)));
1261         netfilter_print_info(mon, nf);
1262         g_free(path);
1263     }
1264 }
1265 
1266 RxFilterInfoList *qmp_query_rx_filter(bool has_name, const char *name,
1267                                       Error **errp)
1268 {
1269     NetClientState *nc;
1270     RxFilterInfoList *filter_list = NULL, *last_entry = NULL;
1271 
1272     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
1273         RxFilterInfoList *entry;
1274         RxFilterInfo *info;
1275 
1276         if (has_name && strcmp(nc->name, name) != 0) {
1277             continue;
1278         }
1279 
1280         /* only query rx-filter information of NIC */
1281         if (nc->info->type != NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1282             if (has_name) {
1283                 error_setg(errp, "net client(%s) isn't a NIC", name);
1284                 return NULL;
1285             }
1286             continue;
1287         }
1288 
1289         /* only query information on queue 0 since the info is per nic,
1290          * not per queue
1291          */
1292         if (nc->queue_index != 0)
1293             continue;
1294 
1295         if (nc->info->query_rx_filter) {
1296             info = nc->info->query_rx_filter(nc);
1297             entry = g_malloc0(sizeof(*entry));
1298             entry->value = info;
1299 
1300             if (!filter_list) {
1301                 filter_list = entry;
1302             } else {
1303                 last_entry->next = entry;
1304             }
1305             last_entry = entry;
1306         } else if (has_name) {
1307             error_setg(errp, "net client(%s) doesn't support"
1308                        " rx-filter querying", name);
1309             return NULL;
1310         }
1311 
1312         if (has_name) {
1313             break;
1314         }
1315     }
1316 
1317     if (filter_list == NULL && has_name) {
1318         error_setg(errp, "invalid net client name: %s", name);
1319     }
1320 
1321     return filter_list;
1322 }
1323 
1324 void hmp_info_network(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
1325 {
1326     NetClientState *nc, *peer;
1327     NetClientDriver type;
1328 
1329     net_hub_info(mon);
1330 
1331     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
1332         peer = nc->peer;
1333         type = nc->info->type;
1334 
1335         /* Skip if already printed in hub info */
1336         if (net_hub_id_for_client(nc, NULL) == 0) {
1337             continue;
1338         }
1339 
1340         if (!peer || type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1341             print_net_client(mon, nc);
1342         } /* else it's a netdev connected to a NIC, printed with the NIC */
1343         if (peer && type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1344             monitor_printf(mon, " \\ ");
1345             print_net_client(mon, peer);
1346         }
1347     }
1348 }
1349 
1350 void colo_notify_filters_event(int event, Error **errp)
1351 {
1352     NetClientState *nc;
1353     NetFilterState *nf;
1354     NetFilterClass *nfc = NULL;
1355     Error *local_err = NULL;
1356 
1357     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
1358         QTAILQ_FOREACH(nf, &nc->filters, next) {
1359             nfc = NETFILTER_GET_CLASS(OBJECT(nf));
1360             nfc->handle_event(nf, event, &local_err);
1361             if (local_err) {
1362                 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1363                 return;
1364             }
1365         }
1366     }
1367 }
1368 
1369 void qmp_set_link(const char *name, bool up, Error **errp)
1370 {
1371     NetClientState *ncs[MAX_QUEUE_NUM];
1372     NetClientState *nc;
1373     int queues, i;
1374 
1375     queues = qemu_find_net_clients_except(name, ncs,
1376                                           NET_CLIENT_DRIVER__MAX,
1377                                           MAX_QUEUE_NUM);
1378 
1379     if (queues == 0) {
1380         error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
1381                   "Device '%s' not found", name);
1382         return;
1383     }
1384     nc = ncs[0];
1385 
1386     for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
1387         ncs[i]->link_down = !up;
1388     }
1389 
1390     if (nc->info->link_status_changed) {
1391         nc->info->link_status_changed(nc);
1392     }
1393 
1394     if (nc->peer) {
1395         /* Change peer link only if the peer is NIC and then notify peer.
1396          * If the peer is a HUBPORT or a backend, we do not change the
1397          * link status.
1398          *
1399          * This behavior is compatible with qemu hubs where there could be
1400          * multiple clients that can still communicate with each other in
1401          * disconnected mode. For now maintain this compatibility.
1402          */
1403         if (nc->peer->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1404             for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
1405                 ncs[i]->peer->link_down = !up;
1406             }
1407         }
1408         if (nc->peer->info->link_status_changed) {
1409             nc->peer->info->link_status_changed(nc->peer);
1410         }
1411     }
1412 }
1413 
1414 static void net_vm_change_state_handler(void *opaque, int running,
1415                                         RunState state)
1416 {
1417     NetClientState *nc;
1418     NetClientState *tmp;
1419 
1420     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(nc, &net_clients, next, tmp) {
1421         if (running) {
1422             /* Flush queued packets and wake up backends. */
1423             if (nc->peer && qemu_can_send_packet(nc)) {
1424                 qemu_flush_queued_packets(nc->peer);
1425             }
1426         } else {
1427             /* Complete all queued packets, to guarantee we don't modify
1428              * state later when VM is not running.
1429              */
1430             qemu_flush_or_purge_queued_packets(nc, true);
1431         }
1432     }
1433 }
1434 
1435 void net_cleanup(void)
1436 {
1437     NetClientState *nc;
1438 
1439     /* We may del multiple entries during qemu_del_net_client(),
1440      * so QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE() is also not safe here.
1441      */
1442     while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&net_clients)) {
1443         nc = QTAILQ_FIRST(&net_clients);
1444         if (nc->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1445             qemu_del_nic(qemu_get_nic(nc));
1446         } else {
1447             qemu_del_net_client(nc);
1448         }
1449     }
1450 
1451     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(net_change_state_entry);
1452 }
1453 
1454 void net_check_clients(void)
1455 {
1456     NetClientState *nc;
1457     int i;
1458 
1459     net_hub_check_clients();
1460 
1461     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
1462         if (!nc->peer) {
1463             warn_report("%s %s has no peer",
1464                         nc->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC
1465                         ? "nic" : "netdev",
1466                         nc->name);
1467         }
1468     }
1469 
1470     /* Check that all NICs requested via -net nic actually got created.
1471      * NICs created via -device don't need to be checked here because
1472      * they are always instantiated.
1473      */
1474     for (i = 0; i < MAX_NICS; i++) {
1475         NICInfo *nd = &nd_table[i];
1476         if (nd->used && !nd->instantiated) {
1477             warn_report("requested NIC (%s, model %s) "
1478                         "was not created (not supported by this machine?)",
1479                         nd->name ? nd->name : "anonymous",
1480                         nd->model ? nd->model : "unspecified");
1481         }
1482     }
1483 }
1484 
1485 static int net_init_client(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1486 {
1487     return net_client_init(opts, false, errp);
1488 }
1489 
1490 static int net_init_netdev(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1491 {
1492     return net_client_init(opts, true, errp);
1493 }
1494 
1495 /* For the convenience "--nic" parameter */
1496 static int net_param_nic(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1497 {
1498     char *mac, *nd_id;
1499     int idx, ret;
1500     NICInfo *ni;
1501     const char *type;
1502 
1503     type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "type");
1504     if (type && g_str_equal(type, "none")) {
1505         return 0;    /* Nothing to do, default_net is cleared in vl.c */
1506     }
1507 
1508     idx = nic_get_free_idx();
1509     if (idx == -1 || nb_nics >= MAX_NICS) {
1510         error_setg(errp, "no more on-board/default NIC slots available");
1511         return -1;
1512     }
1513 
1514     if (!type) {
1515         qemu_opt_set(opts, "type", "user", &error_abort);
1516     }
1517 
1518     ni = &nd_table[idx];
1519     memset(ni, 0, sizeof(*ni));
1520     ni->model = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, "model");
1521 
1522     /* Create an ID if the user did not specify one */
1523     nd_id = g_strdup(qemu_opts_id(opts));
1524     if (!nd_id) {
1525         nd_id = g_strdup_printf("__org.qemu.nic%i\n", idx);
1526         qemu_opts_set_id(opts, nd_id);
1527     }
1528 
1529     /* Handle MAC address */
1530     mac = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, "mac");
1531     if (mac) {
1532         ret = net_parse_macaddr(ni->macaddr.a, mac);
1533         g_free(mac);
1534         if (ret) {
1535             error_setg(errp, "invalid syntax for ethernet address");
1536             goto out;
1537         }
1538         if (is_multicast_ether_addr(ni->macaddr.a)) {
1539             error_setg(errp, "NIC cannot have multicast MAC address");
1540             ret = -1;
1541             goto out;
1542         }
1543     }
1544     qemu_macaddr_default_if_unset(&ni->macaddr);
1545 
1546     ret = net_client_init(opts, true, errp);
1547     if (ret == 0) {
1548         ni->netdev = qemu_find_netdev(nd_id);
1549         ni->used = true;
1550         nb_nics++;
1551     }
1552 
1553 out:
1554     g_free(nd_id);
1555     return ret;
1556 }
1557 
1558 int net_init_clients(Error **errp)
1559 {
1560     net_change_state_entry =
1561         qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(net_vm_change_state_handler, NULL);
1562 
1563     QTAILQ_INIT(&net_clients);
1564 
1565     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("netdev"),
1566                           net_init_netdev, NULL, errp)) {
1567         return -1;
1568     }
1569 
1570     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("nic"), net_param_nic, NULL, errp)) {
1571         return -1;
1572     }
1573 
1574     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("net"), net_init_client, NULL, errp)) {
1575         return -1;
1576     }
1577 
1578     return 0;
1579 }
1580 
1581 int net_client_parse(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *optarg)
1582 {
1583     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(opts_list, optarg, true)) {
1584         return -1;
1585     }
1586 
1587     return 0;
1588 }
1589 
1590 /* From FreeBSD */
1591 /* XXX: optimize */
1592 uint32_t net_crc32(const uint8_t *p, int len)
1593 {
1594     uint32_t crc;
1595     int carry, i, j;
1596     uint8_t b;
1597 
1598     crc = 0xffffffff;
1599     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1600         b = *p++;
1601         for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
1602             carry = ((crc & 0x80000000L) ? 1 : 0) ^ (b & 0x01);
1603             crc <<= 1;
1604             b >>= 1;
1605             if (carry) {
1606                 crc = ((crc ^ POLYNOMIAL_BE) | carry);
1607             }
1608         }
1609     }
1610 
1611     return crc;
1612 }
1613 
1614 uint32_t net_crc32_le(const uint8_t *p, int len)
1615 {
1616     uint32_t crc;
1617     int carry, i, j;
1618     uint8_t b;
1619 
1620     crc = 0xffffffff;
1621     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1622         b = *p++;
1623         for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
1624             carry = (crc & 0x1) ^ (b & 0x01);
1625             crc >>= 1;
1626             b >>= 1;
1627             if (carry) {
1628                 crc ^= POLYNOMIAL_LE;
1629             }
1630         }
1631     }
1632 
1633     return crc;
1634 }
1635 
1636 QemuOptsList qemu_netdev_opts = {
1637     .name = "netdev",
1638     .implied_opt_name = "type",
1639     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_netdev_opts.head),
1640     .desc = {
1641         /*
1642          * no elements => accept any params
1643          * validation will happen later
1644          */
1645         { /* end of list */ }
1646     },
1647 };
1648 
1649 QemuOptsList qemu_nic_opts = {
1650     .name = "nic",
1651     .implied_opt_name = "type",
1652     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_nic_opts.head),
1653     .desc = {
1654         /*
1655          * no elements => accept any params
1656          * validation will happen later
1657          */
1658         { /* end of list */ }
1659     },
1660 };
1661 
1662 QemuOptsList qemu_net_opts = {
1663     .name = "net",
1664     .implied_opt_name = "type",
1665     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_net_opts.head),
1666     .desc = {
1667         /*
1668          * no elements => accept any params
1669          * validation will happen later
1670          */
1671         { /* end of list */ }
1672     },
1673 };
1674 
1675 void net_socket_rs_init(SocketReadState *rs,
1676                         SocketReadStateFinalize *finalize,
1677                         bool vnet_hdr)
1678 {
1679     rs->state = 0;
1680     rs->vnet_hdr = vnet_hdr;
1681     rs->index = 0;
1682     rs->packet_len = 0;
1683     rs->vnet_hdr_len = 0;
1684     memset(rs->buf, 0, sizeof(rs->buf));
1685     rs->finalize = finalize;
1686 }
1687 
1688 /*
1689  * Returns
1690  * 0: success
1691  * -1: error occurs
1692  */
1693 int net_fill_rstate(SocketReadState *rs, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
1694 {
1695     unsigned int l;
1696 
1697     while (size > 0) {
1698         /* Reassemble a packet from the network.
1699          * 0 = getting length.
1700          * 1 = getting vnet header length.
1701          * 2 = getting data.
1702          */
1703         switch (rs->state) {
1704         case 0:
1705             l = 4 - rs->index;
1706             if (l > size) {
1707                 l = size;
1708             }
1709             memcpy(rs->buf + rs->index, buf, l);
1710             buf += l;
1711             size -= l;
1712             rs->index += l;
1713             if (rs->index == 4) {
1714                 /* got length */
1715                 rs->packet_len = ntohl(*(uint32_t *)rs->buf);
1716                 rs->index = 0;
1717                 if (rs->vnet_hdr) {
1718                     rs->state = 1;
1719                 } else {
1720                     rs->state = 2;
1721                     rs->vnet_hdr_len = 0;
1722                 }
1723             }
1724             break;
1725         case 1:
1726             l = 4 - rs->index;
1727             if (l > size) {
1728                 l = size;
1729             }
1730             memcpy(rs->buf + rs->index, buf, l);
1731             buf += l;
1732             size -= l;
1733             rs->index += l;
1734             if (rs->index == 4) {
1735                 /* got vnet header length */
1736                 rs->vnet_hdr_len = ntohl(*(uint32_t *)rs->buf);
1737                 rs->index = 0;
1738                 rs->state = 2;
1739             }
1740             break;
1741         case 2:
1742             l = rs->packet_len - rs->index;
1743             if (l > size) {
1744                 l = size;
1745             }
1746             if (rs->index + l <= sizeof(rs->buf)) {
1747                 memcpy(rs->buf + rs->index, buf, l);
1748             } else {
1749                 fprintf(stderr, "serious error: oversized packet received,"
1750                     "connection terminated.\n");
1751                 rs->index = rs->state = 0;
1752                 return -1;
1753             }
1754 
1755             rs->index += l;
1756             buf += l;
1757             size -= l;
1758             if (rs->index >= rs->packet_len) {
1759                 rs->index = 0;
1760                 rs->state = 0;
1761                 assert(rs->finalize);
1762                 rs->finalize(rs);
1763             }
1764             break;
1765         }
1766     }
1767 
1768     assert(size == 0);
1769     return 0;
1770 }
1771