xref: /openbmc/qemu/net/net.c (revision 52c95cae)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 
27 #include "net/net.h"
28 #include "clients.h"
29 #include "hub.h"
30 #include "net/slirp.h"
31 #include "net/eth.h"
32 #include "util.h"
33 
34 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
35 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
36 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-net.h"
37 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-net.h"
38 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
39 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
40 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
41 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
42 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
43 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
44 #include "hw/qdev.h"
45 #include "qemu/iov.h"
46 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
47 #include "qemu/option.h"
48 #include "qapi/error.h"
49 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
50 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
51 #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
52 #include "net/filter.h"
53 #include "qapi/string-output-visitor.h"
54 
55 /* Net bridge is currently not supported for W32. */
56 #if !defined(_WIN32)
57 # define CONFIG_NET_BRIDGE
58 #endif
59 
60 static VMChangeStateEntry *net_change_state_entry;
61 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, NetClientState) net_clients;
62 
63 /***********************************************************/
64 /* network device redirectors */
65 
66 static int get_str_sep(char *buf, int buf_size, const char **pp, int sep)
67 {
68     const char *p, *p1;
69     int len;
70     p = *pp;
71     p1 = strchr(p, sep);
72     if (!p1)
73         return -1;
74     len = p1 - p;
75     p1++;
76     if (buf_size > 0) {
77         if (len > buf_size - 1)
78             len = buf_size - 1;
79         memcpy(buf, p, len);
80         buf[len] = '\0';
81     }
82     *pp = p1;
83     return 0;
84 }
85 
86 int parse_host_port(struct sockaddr_in *saddr, const char *str,
87                     Error **errp)
88 {
89     char buf[512];
90     struct hostent *he;
91     const char *p, *r;
92     int port;
93 
94     p = str;
95     if (get_str_sep(buf, sizeof(buf), &p, ':') < 0) {
96         error_setg(errp, "host address '%s' doesn't contain ':' "
97                    "separating host from port", str);
98         return -1;
99     }
100     saddr->sin_family = AF_INET;
101     if (buf[0] == '\0') {
102         saddr->sin_addr.s_addr = 0;
103     } else {
104         if (qemu_isdigit(buf[0])) {
105             if (!inet_aton(buf, &saddr->sin_addr)) {
106                 error_setg(errp, "host address '%s' is not a valid "
107                            "IPv4 address", buf);
108                 return -1;
109             }
110         } else {
111             he = gethostbyname(buf);
112             if (he == NULL) {
113                 error_setg(errp, "can't resolve host address '%s'", buf);
114                 return - 1;
115             }
116             saddr->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)he->h_addr;
117         }
118     }
119     port = strtol(p, (char **)&r, 0);
120     if (r == p) {
121         error_setg(errp, "port number '%s' is invalid", p);
122         return -1;
123     }
124     saddr->sin_port = htons(port);
125     return 0;
126 }
127 
128 char *qemu_mac_strdup_printf(const uint8_t *macaddr)
129 {
130     return g_strdup_printf("%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x",
131                            macaddr[0], macaddr[1], macaddr[2],
132                            macaddr[3], macaddr[4], macaddr[5]);
133 }
134 
135 void qemu_format_nic_info_str(NetClientState *nc, uint8_t macaddr[6])
136 {
137     snprintf(nc->info_str, sizeof(nc->info_str),
138              "model=%s,macaddr=%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
139              nc->model,
140              macaddr[0], macaddr[1], macaddr[2],
141              macaddr[3], macaddr[4], macaddr[5]);
142 }
143 
144 static int mac_table[256] = {0};
145 
146 static void qemu_macaddr_set_used(MACAddr *macaddr)
147 {
148     int index;
149 
150     for (index = 0x56; index < 0xFF; index++) {
151         if (macaddr->a[5] == index) {
152             mac_table[index]++;
153         }
154     }
155 }
156 
157 static void qemu_macaddr_set_free(MACAddr *macaddr)
158 {
159     int index;
160     static const MACAddr base = { .a = { 0x52, 0x54, 0x00, 0x12, 0x34, 0 } };
161 
162     if (memcmp(macaddr->a, &base.a, (sizeof(base.a) - 1)) != 0) {
163         return;
164     }
165     for (index = 0x56; index < 0xFF; index++) {
166         if (macaddr->a[5] == index) {
167             mac_table[index]--;
168         }
169     }
170 }
171 
172 static int qemu_macaddr_get_free(void)
173 {
174     int index;
175 
176     for (index = 0x56; index < 0xFF; index++) {
177         if (mac_table[index] == 0) {
178             return index;
179         }
180     }
181 
182     return -1;
183 }
184 
185 void qemu_macaddr_default_if_unset(MACAddr *macaddr)
186 {
187     static const MACAddr zero = { .a = { 0,0,0,0,0,0 } };
188     static const MACAddr base = { .a = { 0x52, 0x54, 0x00, 0x12, 0x34, 0 } };
189 
190     if (memcmp(macaddr, &zero, sizeof(zero)) != 0) {
191         if (memcmp(macaddr->a, &base.a, (sizeof(base.a) - 1)) != 0) {
192             return;
193         } else {
194             qemu_macaddr_set_used(macaddr);
195             return;
196         }
197     }
198 
199     macaddr->a[0] = 0x52;
200     macaddr->a[1] = 0x54;
201     macaddr->a[2] = 0x00;
202     macaddr->a[3] = 0x12;
203     macaddr->a[4] = 0x34;
204     macaddr->a[5] = qemu_macaddr_get_free();
205     qemu_macaddr_set_used(macaddr);
206 }
207 
208 /**
209  * Generate a name for net client
210  *
211  * Only net clients created with the legacy -net option and NICs need this.
212  */
213 static char *assign_name(NetClientState *nc1, const char *model)
214 {
215     NetClientState *nc;
216     int id = 0;
217 
218     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
219         if (nc == nc1) {
220             continue;
221         }
222         if (strcmp(nc->model, model) == 0) {
223             id++;
224         }
225     }
226 
227     return g_strdup_printf("%s.%d", model, id);
228 }
229 
230 static void qemu_net_client_destructor(NetClientState *nc)
231 {
232     g_free(nc);
233 }
234 
235 static void qemu_net_client_setup(NetClientState *nc,
236                                   NetClientInfo *info,
237                                   NetClientState *peer,
238                                   const char *model,
239                                   const char *name,
240                                   NetClientDestructor *destructor)
241 {
242     nc->info = info;
243     nc->model = g_strdup(model);
244     if (name) {
245         nc->name = g_strdup(name);
246     } else {
247         nc->name = assign_name(nc, model);
248     }
249 
250     if (peer) {
251         assert(!peer->peer);
252         nc->peer = peer;
253         peer->peer = nc;
254     }
255     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&net_clients, nc, next);
256 
257     nc->incoming_queue = qemu_new_net_queue(qemu_deliver_packet_iov, nc);
258     nc->destructor = destructor;
259     QTAILQ_INIT(&nc->filters);
260 }
261 
262 NetClientState *qemu_new_net_client(NetClientInfo *info,
263                                     NetClientState *peer,
264                                     const char *model,
265                                     const char *name)
266 {
267     NetClientState *nc;
268 
269     assert(info->size >= sizeof(NetClientState));
270 
271     nc = g_malloc0(info->size);
272     qemu_net_client_setup(nc, info, peer, model, name,
273                           qemu_net_client_destructor);
274 
275     return nc;
276 }
277 
278 NICState *qemu_new_nic(NetClientInfo *info,
279                        NICConf *conf,
280                        const char *model,
281                        const char *name,
282                        void *opaque)
283 {
284     NetClientState **peers = conf->peers.ncs;
285     NICState *nic;
286     int i, queues = MAX(1, conf->peers.queues);
287 
288     assert(info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC);
289     assert(info->size >= sizeof(NICState));
290 
291     nic = g_malloc0(info->size + sizeof(NetClientState) * queues);
292     nic->ncs = (void *)nic + info->size;
293     nic->conf = conf;
294     nic->opaque = opaque;
295 
296     for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
297         qemu_net_client_setup(&nic->ncs[i], info, peers[i], model, name,
298                               NULL);
299         nic->ncs[i].queue_index = i;
300     }
301 
302     return nic;
303 }
304 
305 NetClientState *qemu_get_subqueue(NICState *nic, int queue_index)
306 {
307     return nic->ncs + queue_index;
308 }
309 
310 NetClientState *qemu_get_queue(NICState *nic)
311 {
312     return qemu_get_subqueue(nic, 0);
313 }
314 
315 NICState *qemu_get_nic(NetClientState *nc)
316 {
317     NetClientState *nc0 = nc - nc->queue_index;
318 
319     return (NICState *)((void *)nc0 - nc->info->size);
320 }
321 
322 void *qemu_get_nic_opaque(NetClientState *nc)
323 {
324     NICState *nic = qemu_get_nic(nc);
325 
326     return nic->opaque;
327 }
328 
329 static void qemu_cleanup_net_client(NetClientState *nc)
330 {
331     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&net_clients, nc, next);
332 
333     if (nc->info->cleanup) {
334         nc->info->cleanup(nc);
335     }
336 }
337 
338 static void qemu_free_net_client(NetClientState *nc)
339 {
340     if (nc->incoming_queue) {
341         qemu_del_net_queue(nc->incoming_queue);
342     }
343     if (nc->peer) {
344         nc->peer->peer = NULL;
345     }
346     g_free(nc->name);
347     g_free(nc->model);
348     if (nc->destructor) {
349         nc->destructor(nc);
350     }
351 }
352 
353 void qemu_del_net_client(NetClientState *nc)
354 {
355     NetClientState *ncs[MAX_QUEUE_NUM];
356     int queues, i;
357     NetFilterState *nf, *next;
358 
359     assert(nc->info->type != NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC);
360 
361     /* If the NetClientState belongs to a multiqueue backend, we will change all
362      * other NetClientStates also.
363      */
364     queues = qemu_find_net_clients_except(nc->name, ncs,
365                                           NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC,
366                                           MAX_QUEUE_NUM);
367     assert(queues != 0);
368 
369     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(nf, &nc->filters, next, next) {
370         object_unparent(OBJECT(nf));
371     }
372 
373     /* If there is a peer NIC, delete and cleanup client, but do not free. */
374     if (nc->peer && nc->peer->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
375         NICState *nic = qemu_get_nic(nc->peer);
376         if (nic->peer_deleted) {
377             return;
378         }
379         nic->peer_deleted = true;
380 
381         for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
382             ncs[i]->peer->link_down = true;
383         }
384 
385         if (nc->peer->info->link_status_changed) {
386             nc->peer->info->link_status_changed(nc->peer);
387         }
388 
389         for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
390             qemu_cleanup_net_client(ncs[i]);
391         }
392 
393         return;
394     }
395 
396     for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
397         qemu_cleanup_net_client(ncs[i]);
398         qemu_free_net_client(ncs[i]);
399     }
400 }
401 
402 void qemu_del_nic(NICState *nic)
403 {
404     int i, queues = MAX(nic->conf->peers.queues, 1);
405 
406     qemu_macaddr_set_free(&nic->conf->macaddr);
407 
408     /* If this is a peer NIC and peer has already been deleted, free it now. */
409     if (nic->peer_deleted) {
410         for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
411             qemu_free_net_client(qemu_get_subqueue(nic, i)->peer);
412         }
413     }
414 
415     for (i = queues - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
416         NetClientState *nc = qemu_get_subqueue(nic, i);
417 
418         qemu_cleanup_net_client(nc);
419         qemu_free_net_client(nc);
420     }
421 
422     g_free(nic);
423 }
424 
425 void qemu_foreach_nic(qemu_nic_foreach func, void *opaque)
426 {
427     NetClientState *nc;
428 
429     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
430         if (nc->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
431             if (nc->queue_index == 0) {
432                 func(qemu_get_nic(nc), opaque);
433             }
434         }
435     }
436 }
437 
438 bool qemu_has_ufo(NetClientState *nc)
439 {
440     if (!nc || !nc->info->has_ufo) {
441         return false;
442     }
443 
444     return nc->info->has_ufo(nc);
445 }
446 
447 bool qemu_has_vnet_hdr(NetClientState *nc)
448 {
449     if (!nc || !nc->info->has_vnet_hdr) {
450         return false;
451     }
452 
453     return nc->info->has_vnet_hdr(nc);
454 }
455 
456 bool qemu_has_vnet_hdr_len(NetClientState *nc, int len)
457 {
458     if (!nc || !nc->info->has_vnet_hdr_len) {
459         return false;
460     }
461 
462     return nc->info->has_vnet_hdr_len(nc, len);
463 }
464 
465 void qemu_using_vnet_hdr(NetClientState *nc, bool enable)
466 {
467     if (!nc || !nc->info->using_vnet_hdr) {
468         return;
469     }
470 
471     nc->info->using_vnet_hdr(nc, enable);
472 }
473 
474 void qemu_set_offload(NetClientState *nc, int csum, int tso4, int tso6,
475                           int ecn, int ufo)
476 {
477     if (!nc || !nc->info->set_offload) {
478         return;
479     }
480 
481     nc->info->set_offload(nc, csum, tso4, tso6, ecn, ufo);
482 }
483 
484 void qemu_set_vnet_hdr_len(NetClientState *nc, int len)
485 {
486     if (!nc || !nc->info->set_vnet_hdr_len) {
487         return;
488     }
489 
490     nc->vnet_hdr_len = len;
491     nc->info->set_vnet_hdr_len(nc, len);
492 }
493 
494 int qemu_set_vnet_le(NetClientState *nc, bool is_le)
495 {
496 #ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
497     if (!nc || !nc->info->set_vnet_le) {
498         return -ENOSYS;
499     }
500 
501     return nc->info->set_vnet_le(nc, is_le);
502 #else
503     return 0;
504 #endif
505 }
506 
507 int qemu_set_vnet_be(NetClientState *nc, bool is_be)
508 {
509 #ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
510     return 0;
511 #else
512     if (!nc || !nc->info->set_vnet_be) {
513         return -ENOSYS;
514     }
515 
516     return nc->info->set_vnet_be(nc, is_be);
517 #endif
518 }
519 
520 int qemu_can_send_packet(NetClientState *sender)
521 {
522     int vm_running = runstate_is_running();
523 
524     if (!vm_running) {
525         return 0;
526     }
527 
528     if (!sender->peer) {
529         return 1;
530     }
531 
532     if (sender->peer->receive_disabled) {
533         return 0;
534     } else if (sender->peer->info->can_receive &&
535                !sender->peer->info->can_receive(sender->peer)) {
536         return 0;
537     }
538     return 1;
539 }
540 
541 static ssize_t filter_receive_iov(NetClientState *nc,
542                                   NetFilterDirection direction,
543                                   NetClientState *sender,
544                                   unsigned flags,
545                                   const struct iovec *iov,
546                                   int iovcnt,
547                                   NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
548 {
549     ssize_t ret = 0;
550     NetFilterState *nf = NULL;
551 
552     if (direction == NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_TX) {
553         QTAILQ_FOREACH(nf, &nc->filters, next) {
554             ret = qemu_netfilter_receive(nf, direction, sender, flags, iov,
555                                          iovcnt, sent_cb);
556             if (ret) {
557                 return ret;
558             }
559         }
560     } else {
561         QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(nf, &nc->filters, NetFilterHead, next) {
562             ret = qemu_netfilter_receive(nf, direction, sender, flags, iov,
563                                          iovcnt, sent_cb);
564             if (ret) {
565                 return ret;
566             }
567         }
568     }
569 
570     return ret;
571 }
572 
573 static ssize_t filter_receive(NetClientState *nc,
574                               NetFilterDirection direction,
575                               NetClientState *sender,
576                               unsigned flags,
577                               const uint8_t *data,
578                               size_t size,
579                               NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
580 {
581     struct iovec iov = {
582         .iov_base = (void *)data,
583         .iov_len = size
584     };
585 
586     return filter_receive_iov(nc, direction, sender, flags, &iov, 1, sent_cb);
587 }
588 
589 void qemu_purge_queued_packets(NetClientState *nc)
590 {
591     if (!nc->peer) {
592         return;
593     }
594 
595     qemu_net_queue_purge(nc->peer->incoming_queue, nc);
596 }
597 
598 static
599 void qemu_flush_or_purge_queued_packets(NetClientState *nc, bool purge)
600 {
601     nc->receive_disabled = 0;
602 
603     if (nc->peer && nc->peer->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_HUBPORT) {
604         if (net_hub_flush(nc->peer)) {
605             qemu_notify_event();
606         }
607     }
608     if (qemu_net_queue_flush(nc->incoming_queue)) {
609         /* We emptied the queue successfully, signal to the IO thread to repoll
610          * the file descriptor (for tap, for example).
611          */
612         qemu_notify_event();
613     } else if (purge) {
614         /* Unable to empty the queue, purge remaining packets */
615         qemu_net_queue_purge(nc->incoming_queue, nc);
616     }
617 }
618 
619 void qemu_flush_queued_packets(NetClientState *nc)
620 {
621     qemu_flush_or_purge_queued_packets(nc, false);
622 }
623 
624 static ssize_t qemu_send_packet_async_with_flags(NetClientState *sender,
625                                                  unsigned flags,
626                                                  const uint8_t *buf, int size,
627                                                  NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
628 {
629     NetQueue *queue;
630     int ret;
631 
632 #ifdef DEBUG_NET
633     printf("qemu_send_packet_async:\n");
634     qemu_hexdump((const char *)buf, stdout, "net", size);
635 #endif
636 
637     if (sender->link_down || !sender->peer) {
638         return size;
639     }
640 
641     /* Let filters handle the packet first */
642     ret = filter_receive(sender, NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_TX,
643                          sender, flags, buf, size, sent_cb);
644     if (ret) {
645         return ret;
646     }
647 
648     ret = filter_receive(sender->peer, NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_RX,
649                          sender, flags, buf, size, sent_cb);
650     if (ret) {
651         return ret;
652     }
653 
654     queue = sender->peer->incoming_queue;
655 
656     return qemu_net_queue_send(queue, sender, flags, buf, size, sent_cb);
657 }
658 
659 ssize_t qemu_send_packet_async(NetClientState *sender,
660                                const uint8_t *buf, int size,
661                                NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
662 {
663     return qemu_send_packet_async_with_flags(sender, QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_NONE,
664                                              buf, size, sent_cb);
665 }
666 
667 void qemu_send_packet(NetClientState *nc, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
668 {
669     qemu_send_packet_async(nc, buf, size, NULL);
670 }
671 
672 ssize_t qemu_send_packet_raw(NetClientState *nc, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
673 {
674     return qemu_send_packet_async_with_flags(nc, QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_RAW,
675                                              buf, size, NULL);
676 }
677 
678 static ssize_t nc_sendv_compat(NetClientState *nc, const struct iovec *iov,
679                                int iovcnt, unsigned flags)
680 {
681     uint8_t *buf = NULL;
682     uint8_t *buffer;
683     size_t offset;
684     ssize_t ret;
685 
686     if (iovcnt == 1) {
687         buffer = iov[0].iov_base;
688         offset = iov[0].iov_len;
689     } else {
690         offset = iov_size(iov, iovcnt);
691         if (offset > NET_BUFSIZE) {
692             return -1;
693         }
694         buf = g_malloc(offset);
695         buffer = buf;
696         offset = iov_to_buf(iov, iovcnt, 0, buf, offset);
697     }
698 
699     if (flags & QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_RAW && nc->info->receive_raw) {
700         ret = nc->info->receive_raw(nc, buffer, offset);
701     } else {
702         ret = nc->info->receive(nc, buffer, offset);
703     }
704 
705     g_free(buf);
706     return ret;
707 }
708 
709 ssize_t qemu_deliver_packet_iov(NetClientState *sender,
710                                 unsigned flags,
711                                 const struct iovec *iov,
712                                 int iovcnt,
713                                 void *opaque)
714 {
715     NetClientState *nc = opaque;
716     int ret;
717 
718     if (nc->link_down) {
719         return iov_size(iov, iovcnt);
720     }
721 
722     if (nc->receive_disabled) {
723         return 0;
724     }
725 
726     if (nc->info->receive_iov && !(flags & QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_RAW)) {
727         ret = nc->info->receive_iov(nc, iov, iovcnt);
728     } else {
729         ret = nc_sendv_compat(nc, iov, iovcnt, flags);
730     }
731 
732     if (ret == 0) {
733         nc->receive_disabled = 1;
734     }
735 
736     return ret;
737 }
738 
739 ssize_t qemu_sendv_packet_async(NetClientState *sender,
740                                 const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt,
741                                 NetPacketSent *sent_cb)
742 {
743     NetQueue *queue;
744     int ret;
745 
746     if (sender->link_down || !sender->peer) {
747         return iov_size(iov, iovcnt);
748     }
749 
750     /* Let filters handle the packet first */
751     ret = filter_receive_iov(sender, NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_TX, sender,
752                              QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_NONE, iov, iovcnt, sent_cb);
753     if (ret) {
754         return ret;
755     }
756 
757     ret = filter_receive_iov(sender->peer, NET_FILTER_DIRECTION_RX, sender,
758                              QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_NONE, iov, iovcnt, sent_cb);
759     if (ret) {
760         return ret;
761     }
762 
763     queue = sender->peer->incoming_queue;
764 
765     return qemu_net_queue_send_iov(queue, sender,
766                                    QEMU_NET_PACKET_FLAG_NONE,
767                                    iov, iovcnt, sent_cb);
768 }
769 
770 ssize_t
771 qemu_sendv_packet(NetClientState *nc, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt)
772 {
773     return qemu_sendv_packet_async(nc, iov, iovcnt, NULL);
774 }
775 
776 NetClientState *qemu_find_netdev(const char *id)
777 {
778     NetClientState *nc;
779 
780     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
781         if (nc->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC)
782             continue;
783         if (!strcmp(nc->name, id)) {
784             return nc;
785         }
786     }
787 
788     return NULL;
789 }
790 
791 int qemu_find_net_clients_except(const char *id, NetClientState **ncs,
792                                  NetClientDriver type, int max)
793 {
794     NetClientState *nc;
795     int ret = 0;
796 
797     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
798         if (nc->info->type == type) {
799             continue;
800         }
801         if (!id || !strcmp(nc->name, id)) {
802             if (ret < max) {
803                 ncs[ret] = nc;
804             }
805             ret++;
806         }
807     }
808 
809     return ret;
810 }
811 
812 static int nic_get_free_idx(void)
813 {
814     int index;
815 
816     for (index = 0; index < MAX_NICS; index++)
817         if (!nd_table[index].used)
818             return index;
819     return -1;
820 }
821 
822 int qemu_show_nic_models(const char *arg, const char *const *models)
823 {
824     int i;
825 
826     if (!arg || !is_help_option(arg)) {
827         return 0;
828     }
829 
830     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Supported NIC models: ");
831     for (i = 0 ; models[i]; i++)
832         fprintf(stderr, "%s%c", models[i], models[i+1] ? ',' : '\n');
833     return 1;
834 }
835 
836 void qemu_check_nic_model(NICInfo *nd, const char *model)
837 {
838     const char *models[2];
839 
840     models[0] = model;
841     models[1] = NULL;
842 
843     if (qemu_show_nic_models(nd->model, models))
844         exit(0);
845     if (qemu_find_nic_model(nd, models, model) < 0)
846         exit(1);
847 }
848 
849 int qemu_find_nic_model(NICInfo *nd, const char * const *models,
850                         const char *default_model)
851 {
852     int i;
853 
854     if (!nd->model)
855         nd->model = g_strdup(default_model);
856 
857     for (i = 0 ; models[i]; i++) {
858         if (strcmp(nd->model, models[i]) == 0)
859             return i;
860     }
861 
862     error_report("Unsupported NIC model: %s", nd->model);
863     return -1;
864 }
865 
866 static int net_init_nic(const Netdev *netdev, const char *name,
867                         NetClientState *peer, Error **errp)
868 {
869     int idx;
870     NICInfo *nd;
871     const NetLegacyNicOptions *nic;
872 
873     assert(netdev->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC);
874     nic = &netdev->u.nic;
875 
876     idx = nic_get_free_idx();
877     if (idx == -1 || nb_nics >= MAX_NICS) {
878         error_setg(errp, "too many NICs");
879         return -1;
880     }
881 
882     nd = &nd_table[idx];
883 
884     memset(nd, 0, sizeof(*nd));
885 
886     if (nic->has_netdev) {
887         nd->netdev = qemu_find_netdev(nic->netdev);
888         if (!nd->netdev) {
889             error_setg(errp, "netdev '%s' not found", nic->netdev);
890             return -1;
891         }
892     } else {
893         assert(peer);
894         nd->netdev = peer;
895     }
896     nd->name = g_strdup(name);
897     if (nic->has_model) {
898         nd->model = g_strdup(nic->model);
899     }
900     if (nic->has_addr) {
901         nd->devaddr = g_strdup(nic->addr);
902     }
903 
904     if (nic->has_macaddr &&
905         net_parse_macaddr(nd->macaddr.a, nic->macaddr) < 0) {
906         error_setg(errp, "invalid syntax for ethernet address");
907         return -1;
908     }
909     if (nic->has_macaddr &&
910         is_multicast_ether_addr(nd->macaddr.a)) {
911         error_setg(errp,
912                    "NIC cannot have multicast MAC address (odd 1st byte)");
913         return -1;
914     }
915     qemu_macaddr_default_if_unset(&nd->macaddr);
916 
917     if (nic->has_vectors) {
918         if (nic->vectors > 0x7ffffff) {
919             error_setg(errp, "invalid # of vectors: %"PRIu32, nic->vectors);
920             return -1;
921         }
922         nd->nvectors = nic->vectors;
923     } else {
924         nd->nvectors = DEV_NVECTORS_UNSPECIFIED;
925     }
926 
927     nd->used = 1;
928     nb_nics++;
929 
930     return idx;
931 }
932 
933 
934 static int (* const net_client_init_fun[NET_CLIENT_DRIVER__MAX])(
935     const Netdev *netdev,
936     const char *name,
937     NetClientState *peer, Error **errp) = {
938         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC]       = net_init_nic,
939 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
940         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_USER]      = net_init_slirp,
941 #endif
942         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_TAP]       = net_init_tap,
943         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_SOCKET]    = net_init_socket,
944 #ifdef CONFIG_VDE
945         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_VDE]       = net_init_vde,
946 #endif
947 #ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP
948         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NETMAP]    = net_init_netmap,
949 #endif
950 #ifdef CONFIG_NET_BRIDGE
951         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_BRIDGE]    = net_init_bridge,
952 #endif
953         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_HUBPORT]   = net_init_hubport,
954 #ifdef CONFIG_VHOST_NET_USED
955         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_VHOST_USER] = net_init_vhost_user,
956 #endif
957 #ifdef CONFIG_L2TPV3
958         [NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_L2TPV3]    = net_init_l2tpv3,
959 #endif
960 };
961 
962 
963 static int net_client_init1(const void *object, bool is_netdev, Error **errp)
964 {
965     Netdev legacy = {0};
966     const Netdev *netdev;
967     const char *name;
968     NetClientState *peer = NULL;
969     static bool vlan_warned;
970 
971     if (is_netdev) {
972         netdev = object;
973         name = netdev->id;
974 
975         if (netdev->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC ||
976             !net_client_init_fun[netdev->type]) {
977             error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "type",
978                        "a netdev backend type");
979             return -1;
980         }
981     } else {
982         const NetLegacy *net = object;
983         const NetLegacyOptions *opts = net->opts;
984         legacy.id = net->id;
985         netdev = &legacy;
986         /* missing optional values have been initialized to "all bits zero" */
987         name = net->has_id ? net->id : net->name;
988 
989         /* Map the old options to the new flat type */
990         switch (opts->type) {
991         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_NONE:
992             return 0; /* nothing to do */
993         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_NIC:
994             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC;
995             legacy.u.nic = opts->u.nic;
996             break;
997         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_USER:
998             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_USER;
999             legacy.u.user = opts->u.user;
1000             break;
1001         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_TAP:
1002             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_TAP;
1003             legacy.u.tap = opts->u.tap;
1004             break;
1005         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_L2TPV3:
1006             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_L2TPV3;
1007             legacy.u.l2tpv3 = opts->u.l2tpv3;
1008             break;
1009         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_SOCKET:
1010             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_SOCKET;
1011             legacy.u.socket = opts->u.socket;
1012             break;
1013         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_VDE:
1014             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_VDE;
1015             legacy.u.vde = opts->u.vde;
1016             break;
1017         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_BRIDGE:
1018             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_BRIDGE;
1019             legacy.u.bridge = opts->u.bridge;
1020             break;
1021         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_NETMAP:
1022             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NETMAP;
1023             legacy.u.netmap = opts->u.netmap;
1024             break;
1025         case NET_LEGACY_OPTIONS_TYPE_VHOST_USER:
1026             legacy.type = NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_VHOST_USER;
1027             legacy.u.vhost_user = opts->u.vhost_user;
1028             break;
1029         default:
1030             abort();
1031         }
1032 
1033         if (!net_client_init_fun[netdev->type]) {
1034             error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "type",
1035                        "a net backend type (maybe it is not compiled "
1036                        "into this binary)");
1037             return -1;
1038         }
1039 
1040         /* Do not add to a vlan if it's a nic with a netdev= parameter. */
1041         if (netdev->type != NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC ||
1042             !opts->u.nic.has_netdev) {
1043             peer = net_hub_add_port(net->has_vlan ? net->vlan : 0, NULL, NULL);
1044         }
1045 
1046         if (net->has_vlan && !vlan_warned) {
1047             error_report("'vlan' is deprecated. Please use 'netdev' instead.");
1048             vlan_warned = true;
1049         }
1050     }
1051 
1052     if (net_client_init_fun[netdev->type](netdev, name, peer, errp) < 0) {
1053         /* FIXME drop when all init functions store an Error */
1054         if (errp && !*errp) {
1055             error_setg(errp, QERR_DEVICE_INIT_FAILED,
1056                        NetClientDriver_str(netdev->type));
1057         }
1058         return -1;
1059     }
1060     return 0;
1061 }
1062 
1063 static void show_netdevs(void)
1064 {
1065     int idx;
1066     const char *available_netdevs[] = {
1067         "socket",
1068         "hubport",
1069         "tap",
1070 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1071         "user",
1072 #endif
1073 #ifdef CONFIG_L2TPV3
1074         "l2tpv3",
1075 #endif
1076 #ifdef CONFIG_VDE
1077         "vde",
1078 #endif
1079 #ifdef CONFIG_NET_BRIDGE
1080         "bridge",
1081 #endif
1082 #ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP
1083         "netmap",
1084 #endif
1085 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
1086         "vhost-user",
1087 #endif
1088     };
1089 
1090     printf("Available netdev backend types:\n");
1091     for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(available_netdevs); idx++) {
1092         puts(available_netdevs[idx]);
1093     }
1094 }
1095 
1096 static int net_client_init(QemuOpts *opts, bool is_netdev, Error **errp)
1097 {
1098     void *object = NULL;
1099     Error *err = NULL;
1100     int ret = -1;
1101     Visitor *v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1102 
1103     if (is_netdev && is_help_option(qemu_opt_get(opts, "type"))) {
1104         show_netdevs();
1105         exit(0);
1106     } else {
1107         /* Parse convenience option format ip6-net=fec0::0[/64] */
1108         const char *ip6_net = qemu_opt_get(opts, "ipv6-net");
1109 
1110         if (ip6_net) {
1111             char buf[strlen(ip6_net) + 1];
1112 
1113             if (get_str_sep(buf, sizeof(buf), &ip6_net, '/') < 0) {
1114                 /* Default 64bit prefix length.  */
1115                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "ipv6-prefix", ip6_net, &error_abort);
1116                 qemu_opt_set_number(opts, "ipv6-prefixlen", 64, &error_abort);
1117             } else {
1118                 /* User-specified prefix length.  */
1119                 unsigned long len;
1120                 int err;
1121 
1122                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "ipv6-prefix", buf, &error_abort);
1123                 err = qemu_strtoul(ip6_net, NULL, 10, &len);
1124 
1125                 if (err) {
1126                     error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE,
1127                               "ipv6-prefix", "a number");
1128                 } else {
1129                     qemu_opt_set_number(opts, "ipv6-prefixlen", len,
1130                                         &error_abort);
1131                 }
1132             }
1133             qemu_opt_unset(opts, "ipv6-net");
1134         }
1135     }
1136 
1137     if (is_netdev) {
1138         visit_type_Netdev(v, NULL, (Netdev **)&object, &err);
1139     } else {
1140         visit_type_NetLegacy(v, NULL, (NetLegacy **)&object, &err);
1141     }
1142 
1143     if (!err) {
1144         ret = net_client_init1(object, is_netdev, &err);
1145     }
1146 
1147     if (is_netdev) {
1148         qapi_free_Netdev(object);
1149     } else {
1150         qapi_free_NetLegacy(object);
1151     }
1152 
1153     error_propagate(errp, err);
1154     visit_free(v);
1155     return ret;
1156 }
1157 
1158 void netdev_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1159 {
1160     net_client_init(opts, true, errp);
1161 }
1162 
1163 void qmp_netdev_add(QDict *qdict, QObject **ret, Error **errp)
1164 {
1165     Error *local_err = NULL;
1166     QemuOptsList *opts_list;
1167     QemuOpts *opts;
1168 
1169     opts_list = qemu_find_opts_err("netdev", &local_err);
1170     if (local_err) {
1171         goto out;
1172     }
1173 
1174     opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(opts_list, qdict, &local_err);
1175     if (local_err) {
1176         goto out;
1177     }
1178 
1179     netdev_add(opts, &local_err);
1180     if (local_err) {
1181         qemu_opts_del(opts);
1182         goto out;
1183     }
1184 
1185 out:
1186     error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1187 }
1188 
1189 void qmp_netdev_del(const char *id, Error **errp)
1190 {
1191     NetClientState *nc;
1192     QemuOpts *opts;
1193 
1194     nc = qemu_find_netdev(id);
1195     if (!nc) {
1196         error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
1197                   "Device '%s' not found", id);
1198         return;
1199     }
1200 
1201     opts = qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts_err("netdev", NULL), id);
1202     if (!opts) {
1203         error_setg(errp, "Device '%s' is not a netdev", id);
1204         return;
1205     }
1206 
1207     qemu_del_net_client(nc);
1208     qemu_opts_del(opts);
1209 }
1210 
1211 static void netfilter_print_info(Monitor *mon, NetFilterState *nf)
1212 {
1213     char *str;
1214     ObjectProperty *prop;
1215     ObjectPropertyIterator iter;
1216     Visitor *v;
1217 
1218     /* generate info str */
1219     object_property_iter_init(&iter, OBJECT(nf));
1220     while ((prop = object_property_iter_next(&iter))) {
1221         if (!strcmp(prop->name, "type")) {
1222             continue;
1223         }
1224         v = string_output_visitor_new(false, &str);
1225         object_property_get(OBJECT(nf), v, prop->name, NULL);
1226         visit_complete(v, &str);
1227         visit_free(v);
1228         monitor_printf(mon, ",%s=%s", prop->name, str);
1229         g_free(str);
1230     }
1231     monitor_printf(mon, "\n");
1232 }
1233 
1234 void print_net_client(Monitor *mon, NetClientState *nc)
1235 {
1236     NetFilterState *nf;
1237 
1238     monitor_printf(mon, "%s: index=%d,type=%s,%s\n", nc->name,
1239                    nc->queue_index,
1240                    NetClientDriver_str(nc->info->type),
1241                    nc->info_str);
1242     if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&nc->filters)) {
1243         monitor_printf(mon, "filters:\n");
1244     }
1245     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nf, &nc->filters, next) {
1246         char *path = object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(nf));
1247 
1248         monitor_printf(mon, "  - %s: type=%s", path,
1249                        object_get_typename(OBJECT(nf)));
1250         netfilter_print_info(mon, nf);
1251         g_free(path);
1252     }
1253 }
1254 
1255 RxFilterInfoList *qmp_query_rx_filter(bool has_name, const char *name,
1256                                       Error **errp)
1257 {
1258     NetClientState *nc;
1259     RxFilterInfoList *filter_list = NULL, *last_entry = NULL;
1260 
1261     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
1262         RxFilterInfoList *entry;
1263         RxFilterInfo *info;
1264 
1265         if (has_name && strcmp(nc->name, name) != 0) {
1266             continue;
1267         }
1268 
1269         /* only query rx-filter information of NIC */
1270         if (nc->info->type != NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1271             if (has_name) {
1272                 error_setg(errp, "net client(%s) isn't a NIC", name);
1273                 return NULL;
1274             }
1275             continue;
1276         }
1277 
1278         /* only query information on queue 0 since the info is per nic,
1279          * not per queue
1280          */
1281         if (nc->queue_index != 0)
1282             continue;
1283 
1284         if (nc->info->query_rx_filter) {
1285             info = nc->info->query_rx_filter(nc);
1286             entry = g_malloc0(sizeof(*entry));
1287             entry->value = info;
1288 
1289             if (!filter_list) {
1290                 filter_list = entry;
1291             } else {
1292                 last_entry->next = entry;
1293             }
1294             last_entry = entry;
1295         } else if (has_name) {
1296             error_setg(errp, "net client(%s) doesn't support"
1297                        " rx-filter querying", name);
1298             return NULL;
1299         }
1300 
1301         if (has_name) {
1302             break;
1303         }
1304     }
1305 
1306     if (filter_list == NULL && has_name) {
1307         error_setg(errp, "invalid net client name: %s", name);
1308     }
1309 
1310     return filter_list;
1311 }
1312 
1313 void hmp_info_network(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
1314 {
1315     NetClientState *nc, *peer;
1316     NetClientDriver type;
1317 
1318     net_hub_info(mon);
1319 
1320     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
1321         peer = nc->peer;
1322         type = nc->info->type;
1323 
1324         /* Skip if already printed in hub info */
1325         if (net_hub_id_for_client(nc, NULL) == 0) {
1326             continue;
1327         }
1328 
1329         if (!peer || type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1330             print_net_client(mon, nc);
1331         } /* else it's a netdev connected to a NIC, printed with the NIC */
1332         if (peer && type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1333             monitor_printf(mon, " \\ ");
1334             print_net_client(mon, peer);
1335         }
1336     }
1337 }
1338 
1339 void qmp_set_link(const char *name, bool up, Error **errp)
1340 {
1341     NetClientState *ncs[MAX_QUEUE_NUM];
1342     NetClientState *nc;
1343     int queues, i;
1344 
1345     queues = qemu_find_net_clients_except(name, ncs,
1346                                           NET_CLIENT_DRIVER__MAX,
1347                                           MAX_QUEUE_NUM);
1348 
1349     if (queues == 0) {
1350         error_set(errp, ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND,
1351                   "Device '%s' not found", name);
1352         return;
1353     }
1354     nc = ncs[0];
1355 
1356     for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
1357         ncs[i]->link_down = !up;
1358     }
1359 
1360     if (nc->info->link_status_changed) {
1361         nc->info->link_status_changed(nc);
1362     }
1363 
1364     if (nc->peer) {
1365         /* Change peer link only if the peer is NIC and then notify peer.
1366          * If the peer is a HUBPORT or a backend, we do not change the
1367          * link status.
1368          *
1369          * This behavior is compatible with qemu vlans where there could be
1370          * multiple clients that can still communicate with each other in
1371          * disconnected mode. For now maintain this compatibility.
1372          */
1373         if (nc->peer->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1374             for (i = 0; i < queues; i++) {
1375                 ncs[i]->peer->link_down = !up;
1376             }
1377         }
1378         if (nc->peer->info->link_status_changed) {
1379             nc->peer->info->link_status_changed(nc->peer);
1380         }
1381     }
1382 }
1383 
1384 static void net_vm_change_state_handler(void *opaque, int running,
1385                                         RunState state)
1386 {
1387     NetClientState *nc;
1388     NetClientState *tmp;
1389 
1390     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(nc, &net_clients, next, tmp) {
1391         if (running) {
1392             /* Flush queued packets and wake up backends. */
1393             if (nc->peer && qemu_can_send_packet(nc)) {
1394                 qemu_flush_queued_packets(nc->peer);
1395             }
1396         } else {
1397             /* Complete all queued packets, to guarantee we don't modify
1398              * state later when VM is not running.
1399              */
1400             qemu_flush_or_purge_queued_packets(nc, true);
1401         }
1402     }
1403 }
1404 
1405 void net_cleanup(void)
1406 {
1407     NetClientState *nc;
1408 
1409     /* We may del multiple entries during qemu_del_net_client(),
1410      * so QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE() is also not safe here.
1411      */
1412     while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&net_clients)) {
1413         nc = QTAILQ_FIRST(&net_clients);
1414         if (nc->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC) {
1415             qemu_del_nic(qemu_get_nic(nc));
1416         } else {
1417             qemu_del_net_client(nc);
1418         }
1419     }
1420 
1421     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(net_change_state_entry);
1422 }
1423 
1424 void net_check_clients(void)
1425 {
1426     NetClientState *nc;
1427     int i;
1428 
1429     net_hub_check_clients();
1430 
1431     QTAILQ_FOREACH(nc, &net_clients, next) {
1432         if (!nc->peer) {
1433             warn_report("%s %s has no peer",
1434                         nc->info->type == NET_CLIENT_DRIVER_NIC
1435                         ? "nic" : "netdev",
1436                         nc->name);
1437         }
1438     }
1439 
1440     /* Check that all NICs requested via -net nic actually got created.
1441      * NICs created via -device don't need to be checked here because
1442      * they are always instantiated.
1443      */
1444     for (i = 0; i < MAX_NICS; i++) {
1445         NICInfo *nd = &nd_table[i];
1446         if (nd->used && !nd->instantiated) {
1447             warn_report("requested NIC (%s, model %s) "
1448                         "was not created (not supported by this machine?)",
1449                         nd->name ? nd->name : "anonymous",
1450                         nd->model ? nd->model : "unspecified");
1451         }
1452     }
1453 }
1454 
1455 static int net_init_client(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1456 {
1457     return net_client_init(opts, false, errp);
1458 }
1459 
1460 static int net_init_netdev(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1461 {
1462     return net_client_init(opts, true, errp);
1463 }
1464 
1465 /* For the convenience "--nic" parameter */
1466 static int net_param_nic(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1467 {
1468     char *mac, *nd_id;
1469     int idx, ret;
1470     NICInfo *ni;
1471     const char *type;
1472 
1473     type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "type");
1474     if (type && g_str_equal(type, "none")) {
1475         return 0;    /* Nothing to do, default_net is cleared in vl.c */
1476     }
1477 
1478     idx = nic_get_free_idx();
1479     if (idx == -1 || nb_nics >= MAX_NICS) {
1480         error_setg(errp, "no more on-board/default NIC slots available");
1481         return -1;
1482     }
1483 
1484     if (!type) {
1485         qemu_opt_set(opts, "type", "user", &error_abort);
1486     }
1487 
1488     ni = &nd_table[idx];
1489     memset(ni, 0, sizeof(*ni));
1490     ni->model = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, "model");
1491 
1492     /* Create an ID if the user did not specify one */
1493     nd_id = g_strdup(qemu_opts_id(opts));
1494     if (!nd_id) {
1495         nd_id = g_strdup_printf("__org.qemu.nic%i\n", idx);
1496         qemu_opts_set_id(opts, nd_id);
1497     }
1498 
1499     /* Handle MAC address */
1500     mac = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, "mac");
1501     if (mac) {
1502         ret = net_parse_macaddr(ni->macaddr.a, mac);
1503         g_free(mac);
1504         if (ret) {
1505             error_setg(errp, "invalid syntax for ethernet address");
1506             return -1;
1507         }
1508         if (is_multicast_ether_addr(ni->macaddr.a)) {
1509             error_setg(errp, "NIC cannot have multicast MAC address");
1510             return -1;
1511         }
1512     }
1513     qemu_macaddr_default_if_unset(&ni->macaddr);
1514 
1515     ret = net_client_init(opts, true, errp);
1516     if (ret == 0) {
1517         ni->netdev = qemu_find_netdev(nd_id);
1518         ni->used = true;
1519         nb_nics++;
1520     }
1521 
1522     g_free(nd_id);
1523     return ret;
1524 }
1525 
1526 int net_init_clients(Error **errp)
1527 {
1528     net_change_state_entry =
1529         qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(net_vm_change_state_handler, NULL);
1530 
1531     QTAILQ_INIT(&net_clients);
1532 
1533     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("netdev"),
1534                           net_init_netdev, NULL, errp)) {
1535         return -1;
1536     }
1537 
1538     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("nic"), net_param_nic, NULL, errp)) {
1539         return -1;
1540     }
1541 
1542     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("net"), net_init_client, NULL, errp)) {
1543         return -1;
1544     }
1545 
1546     return 0;
1547 }
1548 
1549 int net_client_parse(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *optarg)
1550 {
1551     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(opts_list, optarg, true)) {
1552         return -1;
1553     }
1554 
1555     return 0;
1556 }
1557 
1558 /* From FreeBSD */
1559 /* XXX: optimize */
1560 uint32_t net_crc32(const uint8_t *p, int len)
1561 {
1562     uint32_t crc;
1563     int carry, i, j;
1564     uint8_t b;
1565 
1566     crc = 0xffffffff;
1567     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1568         b = *p++;
1569         for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
1570             carry = ((crc & 0x80000000L) ? 1 : 0) ^ (b & 0x01);
1571             crc <<= 1;
1572             b >>= 1;
1573             if (carry) {
1574                 crc = ((crc ^ POLYNOMIAL_BE) | carry);
1575             }
1576         }
1577     }
1578 
1579     return crc;
1580 }
1581 
1582 uint32_t net_crc32_le(const uint8_t *p, int len)
1583 {
1584     uint32_t crc;
1585     int carry, i, j;
1586     uint8_t b;
1587 
1588     crc = 0xffffffff;
1589     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1590         b = *p++;
1591         for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
1592             carry = (crc & 0x1) ^ (b & 0x01);
1593             crc >>= 1;
1594             b >>= 1;
1595             if (carry) {
1596                 crc ^= POLYNOMIAL_LE;
1597             }
1598         }
1599     }
1600 
1601     return crc;
1602 }
1603 
1604 QemuOptsList qemu_netdev_opts = {
1605     .name = "netdev",
1606     .implied_opt_name = "type",
1607     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_netdev_opts.head),
1608     .desc = {
1609         /*
1610          * no elements => accept any params
1611          * validation will happen later
1612          */
1613         { /* end of list */ }
1614     },
1615 };
1616 
1617 QemuOptsList qemu_nic_opts = {
1618     .name = "nic",
1619     .implied_opt_name = "type",
1620     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_nic_opts.head),
1621     .desc = {
1622         /*
1623          * no elements => accept any params
1624          * validation will happen later
1625          */
1626         { /* end of list */ }
1627     },
1628 };
1629 
1630 QemuOptsList qemu_net_opts = {
1631     .name = "net",
1632     .implied_opt_name = "type",
1633     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_net_opts.head),
1634     .desc = {
1635         /*
1636          * no elements => accept any params
1637          * validation will happen later
1638          */
1639         { /* end of list */ }
1640     },
1641 };
1642 
1643 void net_socket_rs_init(SocketReadState *rs,
1644                         SocketReadStateFinalize *finalize,
1645                         bool vnet_hdr)
1646 {
1647     rs->state = 0;
1648     rs->vnet_hdr = vnet_hdr;
1649     rs->index = 0;
1650     rs->packet_len = 0;
1651     rs->vnet_hdr_len = 0;
1652     memset(rs->buf, 0, sizeof(rs->buf));
1653     rs->finalize = finalize;
1654 }
1655 
1656 /*
1657  * Returns
1658  * 0: success
1659  * -1: error occurs
1660  */
1661 int net_fill_rstate(SocketReadState *rs, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
1662 {
1663     unsigned int l;
1664 
1665     while (size > 0) {
1666         /* Reassemble a packet from the network.
1667          * 0 = getting length.
1668          * 1 = getting vnet header length.
1669          * 2 = getting data.
1670          */
1671         switch (rs->state) {
1672         case 0:
1673             l = 4 - rs->index;
1674             if (l > size) {
1675                 l = size;
1676             }
1677             memcpy(rs->buf + rs->index, buf, l);
1678             buf += l;
1679             size -= l;
1680             rs->index += l;
1681             if (rs->index == 4) {
1682                 /* got length */
1683                 rs->packet_len = ntohl(*(uint32_t *)rs->buf);
1684                 rs->index = 0;
1685                 if (rs->vnet_hdr) {
1686                     rs->state = 1;
1687                 } else {
1688                     rs->state = 2;
1689                     rs->vnet_hdr_len = 0;
1690                 }
1691             }
1692             break;
1693         case 1:
1694             l = 4 - rs->index;
1695             if (l > size) {
1696                 l = size;
1697             }
1698             memcpy(rs->buf + rs->index, buf, l);
1699             buf += l;
1700             size -= l;
1701             rs->index += l;
1702             if (rs->index == 4) {
1703                 /* got vnet header length */
1704                 rs->vnet_hdr_len = ntohl(*(uint32_t *)rs->buf);
1705                 rs->index = 0;
1706                 rs->state = 2;
1707             }
1708             break;
1709         case 2:
1710             l = rs->packet_len - rs->index;
1711             if (l > size) {
1712                 l = size;
1713             }
1714             if (rs->index + l <= sizeof(rs->buf)) {
1715                 memcpy(rs->buf + rs->index, buf, l);
1716             } else {
1717                 fprintf(stderr, "serious error: oversized packet received,"
1718                     "connection terminated.\n");
1719                 rs->index = rs->state = 0;
1720                 return -1;
1721             }
1722 
1723             rs->index += l;
1724             buf += l;
1725             size -= l;
1726             if (rs->index >= rs->packet_len) {
1727                 rs->index = 0;
1728                 rs->state = 0;
1729                 assert(rs->finalize);
1730                 rs->finalize(rs);
1731             }
1732             break;
1733         }
1734     }
1735 
1736     assert(size == 0);
1737     return 0;
1738 }
1739