xref: /openbmc/qemu/nbd/server.c (revision f6a51c84)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc.
3  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
4  *
5  *  Network Block Device Server Side
6  *
7  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
10  *
11  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
15  *
16  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18  */
19 
20 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
21 #include "qapi/error.h"
22 #include "nbd-internal.h"
23 
24 static int system_errno_to_nbd_errno(int err)
25 {
26     switch (err) {
27     case 0:
28         return NBD_SUCCESS;
29     case EPERM:
30     case EROFS:
31         return NBD_EPERM;
32     case EIO:
33         return NBD_EIO;
34     case ENOMEM:
35         return NBD_ENOMEM;
36 #ifdef EDQUOT
37     case EDQUOT:
38 #endif
39     case EFBIG:
40     case ENOSPC:
41         return NBD_ENOSPC;
42     case ESHUTDOWN:
43         return NBD_ESHUTDOWN;
44     case EINVAL:
45     default:
46         return NBD_EINVAL;
47     }
48 }
49 
50 /* Definitions for opaque data types */
51 
52 typedef struct NBDRequestData NBDRequestData;
53 
54 struct NBDRequestData {
55     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(NBDRequestData) entry;
56     NBDClient *client;
57     uint8_t *data;
58     bool complete;
59 };
60 
61 struct NBDExport {
62     int refcount;
63     void (*close)(NBDExport *exp);
64 
65     BlockBackend *blk;
66     char *name;
67     char *description;
68     off_t dev_offset;
69     off_t size;
70     uint16_t nbdflags;
71     QTAILQ_HEAD(, NBDClient) clients;
72     QTAILQ_ENTRY(NBDExport) next;
73 
74     AioContext *ctx;
75 
76     BlockBackend *eject_notifier_blk;
77     Notifier eject_notifier;
78 };
79 
80 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, NBDExport) exports = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(exports);
81 
82 struct NBDClient {
83     int refcount;
84     void (*close)(NBDClient *client);
85 
86     bool no_zeroes;
87     NBDExport *exp;
88     QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
89     char *tlsaclname;
90     QIOChannelSocket *sioc; /* The underlying data channel */
91     QIOChannel *ioc; /* The current I/O channel which may differ (eg TLS) */
92 
93     Coroutine *recv_coroutine;
94 
95     CoMutex send_lock;
96     Coroutine *send_coroutine;
97 
98     bool can_read;
99 
100     QTAILQ_ENTRY(NBDClient) next;
101     int nb_requests;
102     bool closing;
103 };
104 
105 /* That's all folks */
106 
107 static void nbd_set_handlers(NBDClient *client);
108 static void nbd_unset_handlers(NBDClient *client);
109 static void nbd_update_can_read(NBDClient *client);
110 
111 static gboolean nbd_negotiate_continue(QIOChannel *ioc,
112                                        GIOCondition condition,
113                                        void *opaque)
114 {
115     qemu_coroutine_enter(opaque);
116     return TRUE;
117 }
118 
119 static ssize_t nbd_negotiate_read(QIOChannel *ioc, void *buffer, size_t size)
120 {
121     ssize_t ret;
122     guint watch;
123 
124     assert(qemu_in_coroutine());
125     /* Negotiation are always in main loop. */
126     watch = qio_channel_add_watch(ioc,
127                                   G_IO_IN,
128                                   nbd_negotiate_continue,
129                                   qemu_coroutine_self(),
130                                   NULL);
131     ret = read_sync(ioc, buffer, size);
132     g_source_remove(watch);
133     return ret;
134 
135 }
136 
137 static ssize_t nbd_negotiate_write(QIOChannel *ioc, const void *buffer,
138                                    size_t size)
139 {
140     ssize_t ret;
141     guint watch;
142 
143     assert(qemu_in_coroutine());
144     /* Negotiation are always in main loop. */
145     watch = qio_channel_add_watch(ioc,
146                                   G_IO_OUT,
147                                   nbd_negotiate_continue,
148                                   qemu_coroutine_self(),
149                                   NULL);
150     ret = write_sync(ioc, buffer, size);
151     g_source_remove(watch);
152     return ret;
153 }
154 
155 static ssize_t nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(QIOChannel *ioc, size_t size)
156 {
157     ssize_t ret, dropped = size;
158     uint8_t *buffer = g_malloc(MIN(65536, size));
159 
160     while (size > 0) {
161         ret = nbd_negotiate_read(ioc, buffer, MIN(65536, size));
162         if (ret < 0) {
163             g_free(buffer);
164             return ret;
165         }
166 
167         assert(ret <= size);
168         size -= ret;
169     }
170 
171     g_free(buffer);
172     return dropped;
173 }
174 
175 /* Basic flow for negotiation
176 
177    Server         Client
178    Negotiate
179 
180    or
181 
182    Server         Client
183    Negotiate #1
184                   Option
185    Negotiate #2
186 
187    ----
188 
189    followed by
190 
191    Server         Client
192                   Request
193    Response
194                   Request
195    Response
196                   ...
197    ...
198                   Request (type == 2)
199 
200 */
201 
202 /* Send a reply header, including length, but no payload.
203  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
204 static int nbd_negotiate_send_rep_len(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t type,
205                                       uint32_t opt, uint32_t len)
206 {
207     uint64_t magic;
208 
209     TRACE("Reply opt=%" PRIx32 " type=%" PRIx32 " len=%" PRIu32,
210           type, opt, len);
211 
212     magic = cpu_to_be64(NBD_REP_MAGIC);
213     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &magic, sizeof(magic)) != sizeof(magic)) {
214         LOG("write failed (rep magic)");
215         return -EINVAL;
216     }
217     opt = cpu_to_be32(opt);
218     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &opt, sizeof(opt)) != sizeof(opt)) {
219         LOG("write failed (rep opt)");
220         return -EINVAL;
221     }
222     type = cpu_to_be32(type);
223     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &type, sizeof(type)) != sizeof(type)) {
224         LOG("write failed (rep type)");
225         return -EINVAL;
226     }
227     len = cpu_to_be32(len);
228     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &len, sizeof(len)) != sizeof(len)) {
229         LOG("write failed (rep data length)");
230         return -EINVAL;
231     }
232     return 0;
233 }
234 
235 /* Send a reply header with default 0 length.
236  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
237 static int nbd_negotiate_send_rep(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t type, uint32_t opt)
238 {
239     return nbd_negotiate_send_rep_len(ioc, type, opt, 0);
240 }
241 
242 /* Send an error reply.
243  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
244 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(4, 5)
245 nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t type,
246                            uint32_t opt, const char *fmt, ...)
247 {
248     va_list va;
249     char *msg;
250     int ret;
251     size_t len;
252 
253     va_start(va, fmt);
254     msg = g_strdup_vprintf(fmt, va);
255     va_end(va);
256     len = strlen(msg);
257     assert(len < 4096);
258     TRACE("sending error message \"%s\"", msg);
259     ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_len(ioc, type, opt, len);
260     if (ret < 0) {
261         goto out;
262     }
263     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, msg, len) != len) {
264         LOG("write failed (error message)");
265         ret = -EIO;
266     } else {
267         ret = 0;
268     }
269 out:
270     g_free(msg);
271     return ret;
272 }
273 
274 /* Send a single NBD_REP_SERVER reply to NBD_OPT_LIST, including payload.
275  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
276 static int nbd_negotiate_send_rep_list(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDExport *exp)
277 {
278     size_t name_len, desc_len;
279     uint32_t len;
280     const char *name = exp->name ? exp->name : "";
281     const char *desc = exp->description ? exp->description : "";
282     int rc;
283 
284     TRACE("Advertising export name '%s' description '%s'", name, desc);
285     name_len = strlen(name);
286     desc_len = strlen(desc);
287     len = name_len + desc_len + sizeof(len);
288     rc = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_len(ioc, NBD_REP_SERVER, NBD_OPT_LIST, len);
289     if (rc < 0) {
290         return rc;
291     }
292 
293     len = cpu_to_be32(name_len);
294     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &len, sizeof(len)) != sizeof(len)) {
295         LOG("write failed (name length)");
296         return -EINVAL;
297     }
298     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, name, name_len) != name_len) {
299         LOG("write failed (name buffer)");
300         return -EINVAL;
301     }
302     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, desc, desc_len) != desc_len) {
303         LOG("write failed (description buffer)");
304         return -EINVAL;
305     }
306     return 0;
307 }
308 
309 /* Process the NBD_OPT_LIST command, with a potential series of replies.
310  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
311 static int nbd_negotiate_handle_list(NBDClient *client, uint32_t length)
312 {
313     NBDExport *exp;
314 
315     if (length) {
316         if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(client->ioc, length) != length) {
317             return -EIO;
318         }
319         return nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
320                                           NBD_REP_ERR_INVALID, NBD_OPT_LIST,
321                                           "OPT_LIST should not have length");
322     }
323 
324     /* For each export, send a NBD_REP_SERVER reply. */
325     QTAILQ_FOREACH(exp, &exports, next) {
326         if (nbd_negotiate_send_rep_list(client->ioc, exp)) {
327             return -EINVAL;
328         }
329     }
330     /* Finish with a NBD_REP_ACK. */
331     return nbd_negotiate_send_rep(client->ioc, NBD_REP_ACK, NBD_OPT_LIST);
332 }
333 
334 static int nbd_negotiate_handle_export_name(NBDClient *client, uint32_t length)
335 {
336     int rc = -EINVAL;
337     char name[NBD_MAX_NAME_SIZE + 1];
338 
339     /* Client sends:
340         [20 ..  xx]   export name (length bytes)
341      */
342     TRACE("Checking length");
343     if (length >= sizeof(name)) {
344         LOG("Bad length received");
345         goto fail;
346     }
347     if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, name, length) != length) {
348         LOG("read failed");
349         goto fail;
350     }
351     name[length] = '\0';
352 
353     TRACE("Client requested export '%s'", name);
354 
355     client->exp = nbd_export_find(name);
356     if (!client->exp) {
357         LOG("export not found");
358         goto fail;
359     }
360 
361     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&client->exp->clients, client, next);
362     nbd_export_get(client->exp);
363     rc = 0;
364 fail:
365     return rc;
366 }
367 
368 /* Handle NBD_OPT_STARTTLS. Return NULL to drop connection, or else the
369  * new channel for all further (now-encrypted) communication. */
370 static QIOChannel *nbd_negotiate_handle_starttls(NBDClient *client,
371                                                  uint32_t length)
372 {
373     QIOChannel *ioc;
374     QIOChannelTLS *tioc;
375     struct NBDTLSHandshakeData data = { 0 };
376 
377     TRACE("Setting up TLS");
378     ioc = client->ioc;
379     if (length) {
380         if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(ioc, length) != length) {
381             return NULL;
382         }
383         nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(ioc, NBD_REP_ERR_INVALID, NBD_OPT_STARTTLS,
384                                    "OPT_STARTTLS should not have length");
385         return NULL;
386     }
387 
388     if (nbd_negotiate_send_rep(client->ioc, NBD_REP_ACK,
389                                NBD_OPT_STARTTLS) < 0) {
390         return NULL;
391     }
392 
393     tioc = qio_channel_tls_new_server(ioc,
394                                       client->tlscreds,
395                                       client->tlsaclname,
396                                       NULL);
397     if (!tioc) {
398         return NULL;
399     }
400 
401     qio_channel_set_name(QIO_CHANNEL(tioc), "nbd-server-tls");
402     TRACE("Starting TLS handshake");
403     data.loop = g_main_loop_new(g_main_context_default(), FALSE);
404     qio_channel_tls_handshake(tioc,
405                               nbd_tls_handshake,
406                               &data,
407                               NULL);
408 
409     if (!data.complete) {
410         g_main_loop_run(data.loop);
411     }
412     g_main_loop_unref(data.loop);
413     if (data.error) {
414         object_unref(OBJECT(tioc));
415         error_free(data.error);
416         return NULL;
417     }
418 
419     return QIO_CHANNEL(tioc);
420 }
421 
422 
423 /* Process all NBD_OPT_* client option commands.
424  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
425 static int nbd_negotiate_options(NBDClient *client)
426 {
427     uint32_t flags;
428     bool fixedNewstyle = false;
429 
430     /* Client sends:
431         [ 0 ..   3]   client flags
432 
433         [ 0 ..   7]   NBD_OPTS_MAGIC
434         [ 8 ..  11]   NBD option
435         [12 ..  15]   Data length
436         ...           Rest of request
437 
438         [ 0 ..   7]   NBD_OPTS_MAGIC
439         [ 8 ..  11]   Second NBD option
440         [12 ..  15]   Data length
441         ...           Rest of request
442     */
443 
444     if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, &flags, sizeof(flags)) !=
445         sizeof(flags)) {
446         LOG("read failed");
447         return -EIO;
448     }
449     TRACE("Checking client flags");
450     be32_to_cpus(&flags);
451     if (flags & NBD_FLAG_C_FIXED_NEWSTYLE) {
452         TRACE("Client supports fixed newstyle handshake");
453         fixedNewstyle = true;
454         flags &= ~NBD_FLAG_C_FIXED_NEWSTYLE;
455     }
456     if (flags & NBD_FLAG_C_NO_ZEROES) {
457         TRACE("Client supports no zeroes at handshake end");
458         client->no_zeroes = true;
459         flags &= ~NBD_FLAG_C_NO_ZEROES;
460     }
461     if (flags != 0) {
462         TRACE("Unknown client flags 0x%" PRIx32 " received", flags);
463         return -EIO;
464     }
465 
466     while (1) {
467         int ret;
468         uint32_t clientflags, length;
469         uint64_t magic;
470 
471         if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, &magic, sizeof(magic)) !=
472             sizeof(magic)) {
473             LOG("read failed");
474             return -EINVAL;
475         }
476         TRACE("Checking opts magic");
477         if (magic != be64_to_cpu(NBD_OPTS_MAGIC)) {
478             LOG("Bad magic received");
479             return -EINVAL;
480         }
481 
482         if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, &clientflags,
483                                sizeof(clientflags)) != sizeof(clientflags)) {
484             LOG("read failed");
485             return -EINVAL;
486         }
487         clientflags = be32_to_cpu(clientflags);
488 
489         if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, &length, sizeof(length)) !=
490             sizeof(length)) {
491             LOG("read failed");
492             return -EINVAL;
493         }
494         length = be32_to_cpu(length);
495 
496         TRACE("Checking option 0x%" PRIx32, clientflags);
497         if (client->tlscreds &&
498             client->ioc == (QIOChannel *)client->sioc) {
499             QIOChannel *tioc;
500             if (!fixedNewstyle) {
501                 TRACE("Unsupported option 0x%" PRIx32, clientflags);
502                 return -EINVAL;
503             }
504             switch (clientflags) {
505             case NBD_OPT_STARTTLS:
506                 tioc = nbd_negotiate_handle_starttls(client, length);
507                 if (!tioc) {
508                     return -EIO;
509                 }
510                 object_unref(OBJECT(client->ioc));
511                 client->ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(tioc);
512                 break;
513 
514             case NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME:
515                 /* No way to return an error to client, so drop connection */
516                 TRACE("Option 0x%x not permitted before TLS", clientflags);
517                 return -EINVAL;
518 
519             default:
520                 if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(client->ioc, length) != length) {
521                     return -EIO;
522                 }
523                 ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
524                                                  NBD_REP_ERR_TLS_REQD,
525                                                  clientflags,
526                                                  "Option 0x%" PRIx32
527                                                  "not permitted before TLS",
528                                                  clientflags);
529                 if (ret < 0) {
530                     return ret;
531                 }
532                 /* Let the client keep trying, unless they asked to quit */
533                 if (clientflags == NBD_OPT_ABORT) {
534                     return -EINVAL;
535                 }
536                 break;
537             }
538         } else if (fixedNewstyle) {
539             switch (clientflags) {
540             case NBD_OPT_LIST:
541                 ret = nbd_negotiate_handle_list(client, length);
542                 if (ret < 0) {
543                     return ret;
544                 }
545                 break;
546 
547             case NBD_OPT_ABORT:
548                 /* NBD spec says we must try to reply before
549                  * disconnecting, but that we must also tolerate
550                  * guests that don't wait for our reply. */
551                 nbd_negotiate_send_rep(client->ioc, NBD_REP_ACK, clientflags);
552                 return -EINVAL;
553 
554             case NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME:
555                 return nbd_negotiate_handle_export_name(client, length);
556 
557             case NBD_OPT_STARTTLS:
558                 if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(client->ioc, length) != length) {
559                     return -EIO;
560                 }
561                 if (client->tlscreds) {
562                     ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
563                                                      NBD_REP_ERR_INVALID,
564                                                      clientflags,
565                                                      "TLS already enabled");
566                 } else {
567                     ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
568                                                      NBD_REP_ERR_POLICY,
569                                                      clientflags,
570                                                      "TLS not configured");
571                 }
572                 if (ret < 0) {
573                     return ret;
574                 }
575                 break;
576             default:
577                 if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(client->ioc, length) != length) {
578                     return -EIO;
579                 }
580                 ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
581                                                  NBD_REP_ERR_UNSUP,
582                                                  clientflags,
583                                                  "Unsupported option 0x%"
584                                                  PRIx32,
585                                                  clientflags);
586                 if (ret < 0) {
587                     return ret;
588                 }
589                 break;
590             }
591         } else {
592             /*
593              * If broken new-style we should drop the connection
594              * for anything except NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME
595              */
596             switch (clientflags) {
597             case NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME:
598                 return nbd_negotiate_handle_export_name(client, length);
599 
600             default:
601                 TRACE("Unsupported option 0x%" PRIx32, clientflags);
602                 return -EINVAL;
603             }
604         }
605     }
606 }
607 
608 typedef struct {
609     NBDClient *client;
610     Coroutine *co;
611 } NBDClientNewData;
612 
613 static coroutine_fn int nbd_negotiate(NBDClientNewData *data)
614 {
615     NBDClient *client = data->client;
616     char buf[8 + 8 + 8 + 128];
617     int rc;
618     const uint16_t myflags = (NBD_FLAG_HAS_FLAGS | NBD_FLAG_SEND_TRIM |
619                               NBD_FLAG_SEND_FLUSH | NBD_FLAG_SEND_FUA |
620                               NBD_FLAG_SEND_WRITE_ZEROES);
621     bool oldStyle;
622     size_t len;
623 
624     /* Old style negotiation header without options
625         [ 0 ..   7]   passwd       ("NBDMAGIC")
626         [ 8 ..  15]   magic        (NBD_CLIENT_MAGIC)
627         [16 ..  23]   size
628         [24 ..  25]   server flags (0)
629         [26 ..  27]   export flags
630         [28 .. 151]   reserved     (0)
631 
632        New style negotiation header with options
633         [ 0 ..   7]   passwd       ("NBDMAGIC")
634         [ 8 ..  15]   magic        (NBD_OPTS_MAGIC)
635         [16 ..  17]   server flags (0)
636         ....options sent....
637         [18 ..  25]   size
638         [26 ..  27]   export flags
639         [28 .. 151]   reserved     (0, omit if no_zeroes)
640      */
641 
642     qio_channel_set_blocking(client->ioc, false, NULL);
643     rc = -EINVAL;
644 
645     TRACE("Beginning negotiation.");
646     memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
647     memcpy(buf, "NBDMAGIC", 8);
648 
649     oldStyle = client->exp != NULL && !client->tlscreds;
650     if (oldStyle) {
651         TRACE("advertising size %" PRIu64 " and flags %x",
652               client->exp->size, client->exp->nbdflags | myflags);
653         stq_be_p(buf + 8, NBD_CLIENT_MAGIC);
654         stq_be_p(buf + 16, client->exp->size);
655         stw_be_p(buf + 26, client->exp->nbdflags | myflags);
656     } else {
657         stq_be_p(buf + 8, NBD_OPTS_MAGIC);
658         stw_be_p(buf + 16, NBD_FLAG_FIXED_NEWSTYLE | NBD_FLAG_NO_ZEROES);
659     }
660 
661     if (oldStyle) {
662         if (client->tlscreds) {
663             TRACE("TLS cannot be enabled with oldstyle protocol");
664             goto fail;
665         }
666         if (nbd_negotiate_write(client->ioc, buf, sizeof(buf)) != sizeof(buf)) {
667             LOG("write failed");
668             goto fail;
669         }
670     } else {
671         if (nbd_negotiate_write(client->ioc, buf, 18) != 18) {
672             LOG("write failed");
673             goto fail;
674         }
675         rc = nbd_negotiate_options(client);
676         if (rc != 0) {
677             LOG("option negotiation failed");
678             goto fail;
679         }
680 
681         TRACE("advertising size %" PRIu64 " and flags %x",
682               client->exp->size, client->exp->nbdflags | myflags);
683         stq_be_p(buf + 18, client->exp->size);
684         stw_be_p(buf + 26, client->exp->nbdflags | myflags);
685         len = client->no_zeroes ? 10 : sizeof(buf) - 18;
686         if (nbd_negotiate_write(client->ioc, buf + 18, len) != len) {
687             LOG("write failed");
688             goto fail;
689         }
690     }
691 
692     TRACE("Negotiation succeeded.");
693     rc = 0;
694 fail:
695     return rc;
696 }
697 
698 static ssize_t nbd_receive_request(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDRequest *request)
699 {
700     uint8_t buf[NBD_REQUEST_SIZE];
701     uint32_t magic;
702     ssize_t ret;
703 
704     ret = read_sync(ioc, buf, sizeof(buf));
705     if (ret < 0) {
706         return ret;
707     }
708 
709     if (ret != sizeof(buf)) {
710         LOG("read failed");
711         return -EINVAL;
712     }
713 
714     /* Request
715        [ 0 ..  3]   magic   (NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC)
716        [ 4 ..  5]   flags   (NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA, ...)
717        [ 6 ..  7]   type    (NBD_CMD_READ, ...)
718        [ 8 .. 15]   handle
719        [16 .. 23]   from
720        [24 .. 27]   len
721      */
722 
723     magic = ldl_be_p(buf);
724     request->flags  = lduw_be_p(buf + 4);
725     request->type   = lduw_be_p(buf + 6);
726     request->handle = ldq_be_p(buf + 8);
727     request->from   = ldq_be_p(buf + 16);
728     request->len    = ldl_be_p(buf + 24);
729 
730     TRACE("Got request: { magic = 0x%" PRIx32 ", .flags = %" PRIx16
731           ", .type = %" PRIx16 ", from = %" PRIu64 ", len = %" PRIu32 " }",
732           magic, request->flags, request->type, request->from, request->len);
733 
734     if (magic != NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC) {
735         LOG("invalid magic (got 0x%" PRIx32 ")", magic);
736         return -EINVAL;
737     }
738     return 0;
739 }
740 
741 static ssize_t nbd_send_reply(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDReply *reply)
742 {
743     uint8_t buf[NBD_REPLY_SIZE];
744     ssize_t ret;
745 
746     reply->error = system_errno_to_nbd_errno(reply->error);
747 
748     TRACE("Sending response to client: { .error = %" PRId32
749           ", handle = %" PRIu64 " }",
750           reply->error, reply->handle);
751 
752     /* Reply
753        [ 0 ..  3]    magic   (NBD_REPLY_MAGIC)
754        [ 4 ..  7]    error   (0 == no error)
755        [ 7 .. 15]    handle
756      */
757     stl_be_p(buf, NBD_REPLY_MAGIC);
758     stl_be_p(buf + 4, reply->error);
759     stq_be_p(buf + 8, reply->handle);
760 
761     ret = write_sync(ioc, buf, sizeof(buf));
762     if (ret < 0) {
763         return ret;
764     }
765 
766     if (ret != sizeof(buf)) {
767         LOG("writing to socket failed");
768         return -EINVAL;
769     }
770     return 0;
771 }
772 
773 #define MAX_NBD_REQUESTS 16
774 
775 void nbd_client_get(NBDClient *client)
776 {
777     client->refcount++;
778 }
779 
780 void nbd_client_put(NBDClient *client)
781 {
782     if (--client->refcount == 0) {
783         /* The last reference should be dropped by client->close,
784          * which is called by client_close.
785          */
786         assert(client->closing);
787 
788         nbd_unset_handlers(client);
789         object_unref(OBJECT(client->sioc));
790         object_unref(OBJECT(client->ioc));
791         if (client->tlscreds) {
792             object_unref(OBJECT(client->tlscreds));
793         }
794         g_free(client->tlsaclname);
795         if (client->exp) {
796             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&client->exp->clients, client, next);
797             nbd_export_put(client->exp);
798         }
799         g_free(client);
800     }
801 }
802 
803 static void client_close(NBDClient *client)
804 {
805     if (client->closing) {
806         return;
807     }
808 
809     client->closing = true;
810 
811     /* Force requests to finish.  They will drop their own references,
812      * then we'll close the socket and free the NBDClient.
813      */
814     qio_channel_shutdown(client->ioc, QIO_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN_BOTH,
815                          NULL);
816 
817     /* Also tell the client, so that they release their reference.  */
818     if (client->close) {
819         client->close(client);
820     }
821 }
822 
823 static NBDRequestData *nbd_request_get(NBDClient *client)
824 {
825     NBDRequestData *req;
826 
827     assert(client->nb_requests <= MAX_NBD_REQUESTS - 1);
828     client->nb_requests++;
829     nbd_update_can_read(client);
830 
831     req = g_new0(NBDRequestData, 1);
832     nbd_client_get(client);
833     req->client = client;
834     return req;
835 }
836 
837 static void nbd_request_put(NBDRequestData *req)
838 {
839     NBDClient *client = req->client;
840 
841     if (req->data) {
842         qemu_vfree(req->data);
843     }
844     g_free(req);
845 
846     client->nb_requests--;
847     nbd_update_can_read(client);
848     nbd_client_put(client);
849 }
850 
851 static void blk_aio_attached(AioContext *ctx, void *opaque)
852 {
853     NBDExport *exp = opaque;
854     NBDClient *client;
855 
856     TRACE("Export %s: Attaching clients to AIO context %p\n", exp->name, ctx);
857 
858     exp->ctx = ctx;
859 
860     QTAILQ_FOREACH(client, &exp->clients, next) {
861         nbd_set_handlers(client);
862     }
863 }
864 
865 static void blk_aio_detach(void *opaque)
866 {
867     NBDExport *exp = opaque;
868     NBDClient *client;
869 
870     TRACE("Export %s: Detaching clients from AIO context %p\n", exp->name, exp->ctx);
871 
872     QTAILQ_FOREACH(client, &exp->clients, next) {
873         nbd_unset_handlers(client);
874     }
875 
876     exp->ctx = NULL;
877 }
878 
879 static void nbd_eject_notifier(Notifier *n, void *data)
880 {
881     NBDExport *exp = container_of(n, NBDExport, eject_notifier);
882     nbd_export_close(exp);
883 }
884 
885 NBDExport *nbd_export_new(BlockDriverState *bs, off_t dev_offset, off_t size,
886                           uint16_t nbdflags, void (*close)(NBDExport *),
887                           bool writethrough, BlockBackend *on_eject_blk,
888                           Error **errp)
889 {
890     BlockBackend *blk;
891     NBDExport *exp = g_malloc0(sizeof(NBDExport));
892 
893     blk = blk_new();
894     blk_insert_bs(blk, bs);
895     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
896 
897     exp->refcount = 1;
898     QTAILQ_INIT(&exp->clients);
899     exp->blk = blk;
900     exp->dev_offset = dev_offset;
901     exp->nbdflags = nbdflags;
902     exp->size = size < 0 ? blk_getlength(blk) : size;
903     if (exp->size < 0) {
904         error_setg_errno(errp, -exp->size,
905                          "Failed to determine the NBD export's length");
906         goto fail;
907     }
908     exp->size -= exp->size % BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
909 
910     exp->close = close;
911     exp->ctx = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
912     blk_add_aio_context_notifier(blk, blk_aio_attached, blk_aio_detach, exp);
913 
914     if (on_eject_blk) {
915         blk_ref(on_eject_blk);
916         exp->eject_notifier_blk = on_eject_blk;
917         exp->eject_notifier.notify = nbd_eject_notifier;
918         blk_add_remove_bs_notifier(on_eject_blk, &exp->eject_notifier);
919     }
920 
921     /*
922      * NBD exports are used for non-shared storage migration.  Make sure
923      * that BDRV_O_INACTIVE is cleared and the image is ready for write
924      * access since the export could be available before migration handover.
925      */
926     aio_context_acquire(exp->ctx);
927     blk_invalidate_cache(blk, NULL);
928     aio_context_release(exp->ctx);
929     return exp;
930 
931 fail:
932     blk_unref(blk);
933     g_free(exp);
934     return NULL;
935 }
936 
937 NBDExport *nbd_export_find(const char *name)
938 {
939     NBDExport *exp;
940     QTAILQ_FOREACH(exp, &exports, next) {
941         if (strcmp(name, exp->name) == 0) {
942             return exp;
943         }
944     }
945 
946     return NULL;
947 }
948 
949 void nbd_export_set_name(NBDExport *exp, const char *name)
950 {
951     if (exp->name == name) {
952         return;
953     }
954 
955     nbd_export_get(exp);
956     if (exp->name != NULL) {
957         g_free(exp->name);
958         exp->name = NULL;
959         QTAILQ_REMOVE(&exports, exp, next);
960         nbd_export_put(exp);
961     }
962     if (name != NULL) {
963         nbd_export_get(exp);
964         exp->name = g_strdup(name);
965         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&exports, exp, next);
966     }
967     nbd_export_put(exp);
968 }
969 
970 void nbd_export_set_description(NBDExport *exp, const char *description)
971 {
972     g_free(exp->description);
973     exp->description = g_strdup(description);
974 }
975 
976 void nbd_export_close(NBDExport *exp)
977 {
978     NBDClient *client, *next;
979 
980     nbd_export_get(exp);
981     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(client, &exp->clients, next, next) {
982         client_close(client);
983     }
984     nbd_export_set_name(exp, NULL);
985     nbd_export_set_description(exp, NULL);
986     nbd_export_put(exp);
987 }
988 
989 void nbd_export_get(NBDExport *exp)
990 {
991     assert(exp->refcount > 0);
992     exp->refcount++;
993 }
994 
995 void nbd_export_put(NBDExport *exp)
996 {
997     assert(exp->refcount > 0);
998     if (exp->refcount == 1) {
999         nbd_export_close(exp);
1000     }
1001 
1002     if (--exp->refcount == 0) {
1003         assert(exp->name == NULL);
1004         assert(exp->description == NULL);
1005 
1006         if (exp->close) {
1007             exp->close(exp);
1008         }
1009 
1010         if (exp->blk) {
1011             if (exp->eject_notifier_blk) {
1012                 notifier_remove(&exp->eject_notifier);
1013                 blk_unref(exp->eject_notifier_blk);
1014             }
1015             blk_remove_aio_context_notifier(exp->blk, blk_aio_attached,
1016                                             blk_aio_detach, exp);
1017             blk_unref(exp->blk);
1018             exp->blk = NULL;
1019         }
1020 
1021         g_free(exp);
1022     }
1023 }
1024 
1025 BlockBackend *nbd_export_get_blockdev(NBDExport *exp)
1026 {
1027     return exp->blk;
1028 }
1029 
1030 void nbd_export_close_all(void)
1031 {
1032     NBDExport *exp, *next;
1033 
1034     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(exp, &exports, next, next) {
1035         nbd_export_close(exp);
1036     }
1037 }
1038 
1039 static ssize_t nbd_co_send_reply(NBDRequestData *req, NBDReply *reply,
1040                                  int len)
1041 {
1042     NBDClient *client = req->client;
1043     ssize_t rc, ret;
1044 
1045     g_assert(qemu_in_coroutine());
1046     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&client->send_lock);
1047     client->send_coroutine = qemu_coroutine_self();
1048     nbd_set_handlers(client);
1049 
1050     if (!len) {
1051         rc = nbd_send_reply(client->ioc, reply);
1052     } else {
1053         qio_channel_set_cork(client->ioc, true);
1054         rc = nbd_send_reply(client->ioc, reply);
1055         if (rc >= 0) {
1056             ret = write_sync(client->ioc, req->data, len);
1057             if (ret != len) {
1058                 rc = -EIO;
1059             }
1060         }
1061         qio_channel_set_cork(client->ioc, false);
1062     }
1063 
1064     client->send_coroutine = NULL;
1065     nbd_set_handlers(client);
1066     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&client->send_lock);
1067     return rc;
1068 }
1069 
1070 /* Collect a client request.  Return 0 if request looks valid, -EAGAIN
1071  * to keep trying the collection, -EIO to drop connection right away,
1072  * and any other negative value to report an error to the client
1073  * (although the caller may still need to disconnect after reporting
1074  * the error).  */
1075 static ssize_t nbd_co_receive_request(NBDRequestData *req,
1076                                       NBDRequest *request)
1077 {
1078     NBDClient *client = req->client;
1079     ssize_t rc;
1080 
1081     g_assert(qemu_in_coroutine());
1082     client->recv_coroutine = qemu_coroutine_self();
1083     nbd_update_can_read(client);
1084 
1085     rc = nbd_receive_request(client->ioc, request);
1086     if (rc < 0) {
1087         if (rc != -EAGAIN) {
1088             rc = -EIO;
1089         }
1090         goto out;
1091     }
1092 
1093     TRACE("Decoding type");
1094 
1095     if (request->type != NBD_CMD_WRITE) {
1096         /* No payload, we are ready to read the next request.  */
1097         req->complete = true;
1098     }
1099 
1100     if (request->type == NBD_CMD_DISC) {
1101         /* Special case: we're going to disconnect without a reply,
1102          * whether or not flags, from, or len are bogus */
1103         TRACE("Request type is DISCONNECT");
1104         rc = -EIO;
1105         goto out;
1106     }
1107 
1108     /* Check for sanity in the parameters, part 1.  Defer as many
1109      * checks as possible until after reading any NBD_CMD_WRITE
1110      * payload, so we can try and keep the connection alive.  */
1111     if ((request->from + request->len) < request->from) {
1112         LOG("integer overflow detected, you're probably being attacked");
1113         rc = -EINVAL;
1114         goto out;
1115     }
1116 
1117     if (request->type == NBD_CMD_READ || request->type == NBD_CMD_WRITE) {
1118         if (request->len > NBD_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
1119             LOG("len (%" PRIu32" ) is larger than max len (%u)",
1120                 request->len, NBD_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
1121             rc = -EINVAL;
1122             goto out;
1123         }
1124 
1125         req->data = blk_try_blockalign(client->exp->blk, request->len);
1126         if (req->data == NULL) {
1127             rc = -ENOMEM;
1128             goto out;
1129         }
1130     }
1131     if (request->type == NBD_CMD_WRITE) {
1132         TRACE("Reading %" PRIu32 " byte(s)", request->len);
1133 
1134         if (read_sync(client->ioc, req->data, request->len) != request->len) {
1135             LOG("reading from socket failed");
1136             rc = -EIO;
1137             goto out;
1138         }
1139         req->complete = true;
1140     }
1141 
1142     /* Sanity checks, part 2. */
1143     if (request->from + request->len > client->exp->size) {
1144         LOG("operation past EOF; From: %" PRIu64 ", Len: %" PRIu32
1145             ", Size: %" PRIu64, request->from, request->len,
1146             (uint64_t)client->exp->size);
1147         rc = request->type == NBD_CMD_WRITE ? -ENOSPC : -EINVAL;
1148         goto out;
1149     }
1150     if (request->flags & ~(NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA | NBD_CMD_FLAG_NO_HOLE)) {
1151         LOG("unsupported flags (got 0x%x)", request->flags);
1152         rc = -EINVAL;
1153         goto out;
1154     }
1155     if (request->type != NBD_CMD_WRITE_ZEROES &&
1156         (request->flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_NO_HOLE)) {
1157         LOG("unexpected flags (got 0x%x)", request->flags);
1158         rc = -EINVAL;
1159         goto out;
1160     }
1161 
1162     rc = 0;
1163 
1164 out:
1165     client->recv_coroutine = NULL;
1166     nbd_update_can_read(client);
1167 
1168     return rc;
1169 }
1170 
1171 static void nbd_trip(void *opaque)
1172 {
1173     NBDClient *client = opaque;
1174     NBDExport *exp = client->exp;
1175     NBDRequestData *req;
1176     NBDRequest request;
1177     NBDReply reply;
1178     ssize_t ret;
1179     int flags;
1180 
1181     TRACE("Reading request.");
1182     if (client->closing) {
1183         return;
1184     }
1185 
1186     req = nbd_request_get(client);
1187     ret = nbd_co_receive_request(req, &request);
1188     if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
1189         goto done;
1190     }
1191     if (ret == -EIO) {
1192         goto out;
1193     }
1194 
1195     reply.handle = request.handle;
1196     reply.error = 0;
1197 
1198     if (ret < 0) {
1199         reply.error = -ret;
1200         goto error_reply;
1201     }
1202 
1203     if (client->closing) {
1204         /*
1205          * The client may be closed when we are blocked in
1206          * nbd_co_receive_request()
1207          */
1208         goto done;
1209     }
1210 
1211     switch (request.type) {
1212     case NBD_CMD_READ:
1213         TRACE("Request type is READ");
1214 
1215         /* XXX: NBD Protocol only documents use of FUA with WRITE */
1216         if (request.flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA) {
1217             ret = blk_co_flush(exp->blk);
1218             if (ret < 0) {
1219                 LOG("flush failed");
1220                 reply.error = -ret;
1221                 goto error_reply;
1222             }
1223         }
1224 
1225         ret = blk_pread(exp->blk, request.from + exp->dev_offset,
1226                         req->data, request.len);
1227         if (ret < 0) {
1228             LOG("reading from file failed");
1229             reply.error = -ret;
1230             goto error_reply;
1231         }
1232 
1233         TRACE("Read %" PRIu32" byte(s)", request.len);
1234         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, request.len) < 0)
1235             goto out;
1236         break;
1237     case NBD_CMD_WRITE:
1238         TRACE("Request type is WRITE");
1239 
1240         if (exp->nbdflags & NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY) {
1241             TRACE("Server is read-only, return error");
1242             reply.error = EROFS;
1243             goto error_reply;
1244         }
1245 
1246         TRACE("Writing to device");
1247 
1248         flags = 0;
1249         if (request.flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA) {
1250             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1251         }
1252         ret = blk_pwrite(exp->blk, request.from + exp->dev_offset,
1253                          req->data, request.len, flags);
1254         if (ret < 0) {
1255             LOG("writing to file failed");
1256             reply.error = -ret;
1257             goto error_reply;
1258         }
1259 
1260         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0) {
1261             goto out;
1262         }
1263         break;
1264 
1265     case NBD_CMD_WRITE_ZEROES:
1266         TRACE("Request type is WRITE_ZEROES");
1267 
1268         if (exp->nbdflags & NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY) {
1269             TRACE("Server is read-only, return error");
1270             reply.error = EROFS;
1271             goto error_reply;
1272         }
1273 
1274         TRACE("Writing to device");
1275 
1276         flags = 0;
1277         if (request.flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA) {
1278             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1279         }
1280         if (!(request.flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_NO_HOLE)) {
1281             flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1282         }
1283         ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(exp->blk, request.from + exp->dev_offset,
1284                                 request.len, flags);
1285         if (ret < 0) {
1286             LOG("writing to file failed");
1287             reply.error = -ret;
1288             goto error_reply;
1289         }
1290 
1291         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0) {
1292             goto out;
1293         }
1294         break;
1295 
1296     case NBD_CMD_DISC:
1297         /* unreachable, thanks to special case in nbd_co_receive_request() */
1298         abort();
1299 
1300     case NBD_CMD_FLUSH:
1301         TRACE("Request type is FLUSH");
1302 
1303         ret = blk_co_flush(exp->blk);
1304         if (ret < 0) {
1305             LOG("flush failed");
1306             reply.error = -ret;
1307         }
1308         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0) {
1309             goto out;
1310         }
1311         break;
1312     case NBD_CMD_TRIM:
1313         TRACE("Request type is TRIM");
1314         ret = blk_co_pdiscard(exp->blk, request.from + exp->dev_offset,
1315                               request.len);
1316         if (ret < 0) {
1317             LOG("discard failed");
1318             reply.error = -ret;
1319         }
1320         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0) {
1321             goto out;
1322         }
1323         break;
1324     default:
1325         LOG("invalid request type (%" PRIu32 ") received", request.type);
1326         reply.error = EINVAL;
1327     error_reply:
1328         /* We must disconnect after NBD_CMD_WRITE if we did not
1329          * read the payload.
1330          */
1331         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0 || !req->complete) {
1332             goto out;
1333         }
1334         break;
1335     }
1336 
1337     TRACE("Request/Reply complete");
1338 
1339 done:
1340     nbd_request_put(req);
1341     return;
1342 
1343 out:
1344     nbd_request_put(req);
1345     client_close(client);
1346 }
1347 
1348 static void nbd_read(void *opaque)
1349 {
1350     NBDClient *client = opaque;
1351 
1352     if (client->recv_coroutine) {
1353         qemu_coroutine_enter(client->recv_coroutine);
1354     } else {
1355         qemu_coroutine_enter(qemu_coroutine_create(nbd_trip, client));
1356     }
1357 }
1358 
1359 static void nbd_restart_write(void *opaque)
1360 {
1361     NBDClient *client = opaque;
1362 
1363     qemu_coroutine_enter(client->send_coroutine);
1364 }
1365 
1366 static void nbd_set_handlers(NBDClient *client)
1367 {
1368     if (client->exp && client->exp->ctx) {
1369         aio_set_fd_handler(client->exp->ctx, client->sioc->fd, true,
1370                            client->can_read ? nbd_read : NULL,
1371                            client->send_coroutine ? nbd_restart_write : NULL,
1372                            NULL, client);
1373     }
1374 }
1375 
1376 static void nbd_unset_handlers(NBDClient *client)
1377 {
1378     if (client->exp && client->exp->ctx) {
1379         aio_set_fd_handler(client->exp->ctx, client->sioc->fd, true, NULL,
1380                            NULL, NULL, NULL);
1381     }
1382 }
1383 
1384 static void nbd_update_can_read(NBDClient *client)
1385 {
1386     bool can_read = client->recv_coroutine ||
1387                     client->nb_requests < MAX_NBD_REQUESTS;
1388 
1389     if (can_read != client->can_read) {
1390         client->can_read = can_read;
1391         nbd_set_handlers(client);
1392 
1393         /* There is no need to invoke aio_notify(), since aio_set_fd_handler()
1394          * in nbd_set_handlers() will have taken care of that */
1395     }
1396 }
1397 
1398 static coroutine_fn void nbd_co_client_start(void *opaque)
1399 {
1400     NBDClientNewData *data = opaque;
1401     NBDClient *client = data->client;
1402     NBDExport *exp = client->exp;
1403 
1404     if (exp) {
1405         nbd_export_get(exp);
1406     }
1407     if (nbd_negotiate(data)) {
1408         client_close(client);
1409         goto out;
1410     }
1411     qemu_co_mutex_init(&client->send_lock);
1412     nbd_set_handlers(client);
1413 
1414     if (exp) {
1415         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&exp->clients, client, next);
1416     }
1417 out:
1418     g_free(data);
1419 }
1420 
1421 void nbd_client_new(NBDExport *exp,
1422                     QIOChannelSocket *sioc,
1423                     QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
1424                     const char *tlsaclname,
1425                     void (*close_fn)(NBDClient *))
1426 {
1427     NBDClient *client;
1428     NBDClientNewData *data = g_new(NBDClientNewData, 1);
1429 
1430     client = g_malloc0(sizeof(NBDClient));
1431     client->refcount = 1;
1432     client->exp = exp;
1433     client->tlscreds = tlscreds;
1434     if (tlscreds) {
1435         object_ref(OBJECT(client->tlscreds));
1436     }
1437     client->tlsaclname = g_strdup(tlsaclname);
1438     client->sioc = sioc;
1439     object_ref(OBJECT(client->sioc));
1440     client->ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(sioc);
1441     object_ref(OBJECT(client->ioc));
1442     client->can_read = true;
1443     client->close = close_fn;
1444 
1445     data->client = client;
1446     data->co = qemu_coroutine_create(nbd_co_client_start, data);
1447     qemu_coroutine_enter(data->co);
1448 }
1449