xref: /openbmc/qemu/nbd/server.c (revision 7562f907)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc.
3  *  Copyright (C) 2005  Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
4  *
5  *  Network Block Device Server Side
6  *
7  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9  *  the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
10  *
11  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
15  *
16  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17  *  along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18  */
19 
20 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
21 #include "qapi/error.h"
22 #include "nbd-internal.h"
23 
24 static int system_errno_to_nbd_errno(int err)
25 {
26     switch (err) {
27     case 0:
28         return NBD_SUCCESS;
29     case EPERM:
30     case EROFS:
31         return NBD_EPERM;
32     case EIO:
33         return NBD_EIO;
34     case ENOMEM:
35         return NBD_ENOMEM;
36 #ifdef EDQUOT
37     case EDQUOT:
38 #endif
39     case EFBIG:
40     case ENOSPC:
41         return NBD_ENOSPC;
42     case ESHUTDOWN:
43         return NBD_ESHUTDOWN;
44     case EINVAL:
45     default:
46         return NBD_EINVAL;
47     }
48 }
49 
50 /* Definitions for opaque data types */
51 
52 typedef struct NBDRequestData NBDRequestData;
53 
54 struct NBDRequestData {
55     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(NBDRequestData) entry;
56     NBDClient *client;
57     uint8_t *data;
58     bool complete;
59 };
60 
61 struct NBDExport {
62     int refcount;
63     void (*close)(NBDExport *exp);
64 
65     BlockBackend *blk;
66     char *name;
67     char *description;
68     off_t dev_offset;
69     off_t size;
70     uint16_t nbdflags;
71     QTAILQ_HEAD(, NBDClient) clients;
72     QTAILQ_ENTRY(NBDExport) next;
73 
74     AioContext *ctx;
75 
76     BlockBackend *eject_notifier_blk;
77     Notifier eject_notifier;
78 };
79 
80 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, NBDExport) exports = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(exports);
81 
82 struct NBDClient {
83     int refcount;
84     void (*close)(NBDClient *client);
85 
86     bool no_zeroes;
87     NBDExport *exp;
88     QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
89     char *tlsaclname;
90     QIOChannelSocket *sioc; /* The underlying data channel */
91     QIOChannel *ioc; /* The current I/O channel which may differ (eg TLS) */
92 
93     Coroutine *recv_coroutine;
94 
95     CoMutex send_lock;
96     Coroutine *send_coroutine;
97 
98     QTAILQ_ENTRY(NBDClient) next;
99     int nb_requests;
100     bool closing;
101 };
102 
103 /* That's all folks */
104 
105 static void nbd_client_receive_next_request(NBDClient *client);
106 
107 static gboolean nbd_negotiate_continue(QIOChannel *ioc,
108                                        GIOCondition condition,
109                                        void *opaque)
110 {
111     qemu_coroutine_enter(opaque);
112     return TRUE;
113 }
114 
115 static ssize_t nbd_negotiate_read(QIOChannel *ioc, void *buffer, size_t size)
116 {
117     ssize_t ret;
118     guint watch;
119 
120     assert(qemu_in_coroutine());
121     /* Negotiation are always in main loop. */
122     watch = qio_channel_add_watch(ioc,
123                                   G_IO_IN,
124                                   nbd_negotiate_continue,
125                                   qemu_coroutine_self(),
126                                   NULL);
127     ret = read_sync(ioc, buffer, size);
128     g_source_remove(watch);
129     return ret;
130 
131 }
132 
133 static ssize_t nbd_negotiate_write(QIOChannel *ioc, const void *buffer,
134                                    size_t size)
135 {
136     ssize_t ret;
137     guint watch;
138 
139     assert(qemu_in_coroutine());
140     /* Negotiation are always in main loop. */
141     watch = qio_channel_add_watch(ioc,
142                                   G_IO_OUT,
143                                   nbd_negotiate_continue,
144                                   qemu_coroutine_self(),
145                                   NULL);
146     ret = write_sync(ioc, buffer, size);
147     g_source_remove(watch);
148     return ret;
149 }
150 
151 static ssize_t nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(QIOChannel *ioc, size_t size)
152 {
153     ssize_t ret, dropped = size;
154     uint8_t *buffer = g_malloc(MIN(65536, size));
155 
156     while (size > 0) {
157         ret = nbd_negotiate_read(ioc, buffer, MIN(65536, size));
158         if (ret < 0) {
159             g_free(buffer);
160             return ret;
161         }
162 
163         assert(ret <= size);
164         size -= ret;
165     }
166 
167     g_free(buffer);
168     return dropped;
169 }
170 
171 /* Basic flow for negotiation
172 
173    Server         Client
174    Negotiate
175 
176    or
177 
178    Server         Client
179    Negotiate #1
180                   Option
181    Negotiate #2
182 
183    ----
184 
185    followed by
186 
187    Server         Client
188                   Request
189    Response
190                   Request
191    Response
192                   ...
193    ...
194                   Request (type == 2)
195 
196 */
197 
198 /* Send a reply header, including length, but no payload.
199  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
200 static int nbd_negotiate_send_rep_len(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t type,
201                                       uint32_t opt, uint32_t len)
202 {
203     uint64_t magic;
204 
205     TRACE("Reply opt=%" PRIx32 " type=%" PRIx32 " len=%" PRIu32,
206           type, opt, len);
207 
208     magic = cpu_to_be64(NBD_REP_MAGIC);
209     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &magic, sizeof(magic)) != sizeof(magic)) {
210         LOG("write failed (rep magic)");
211         return -EINVAL;
212     }
213     opt = cpu_to_be32(opt);
214     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &opt, sizeof(opt)) != sizeof(opt)) {
215         LOG("write failed (rep opt)");
216         return -EINVAL;
217     }
218     type = cpu_to_be32(type);
219     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &type, sizeof(type)) != sizeof(type)) {
220         LOG("write failed (rep type)");
221         return -EINVAL;
222     }
223     len = cpu_to_be32(len);
224     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &len, sizeof(len)) != sizeof(len)) {
225         LOG("write failed (rep data length)");
226         return -EINVAL;
227     }
228     return 0;
229 }
230 
231 /* Send a reply header with default 0 length.
232  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
233 static int nbd_negotiate_send_rep(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t type, uint32_t opt)
234 {
235     return nbd_negotiate_send_rep_len(ioc, type, opt, 0);
236 }
237 
238 /* Send an error reply.
239  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
240 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(4, 5)
241 nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(QIOChannel *ioc, uint32_t type,
242                            uint32_t opt, const char *fmt, ...)
243 {
244     va_list va;
245     char *msg;
246     int ret;
247     size_t len;
248 
249     va_start(va, fmt);
250     msg = g_strdup_vprintf(fmt, va);
251     va_end(va);
252     len = strlen(msg);
253     assert(len < 4096);
254     TRACE("sending error message \"%s\"", msg);
255     ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_len(ioc, type, opt, len);
256     if (ret < 0) {
257         goto out;
258     }
259     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, msg, len) != len) {
260         LOG("write failed (error message)");
261         ret = -EIO;
262     } else {
263         ret = 0;
264     }
265 out:
266     g_free(msg);
267     return ret;
268 }
269 
270 /* Send a single NBD_REP_SERVER reply to NBD_OPT_LIST, including payload.
271  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
272 static int nbd_negotiate_send_rep_list(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDExport *exp)
273 {
274     size_t name_len, desc_len;
275     uint32_t len;
276     const char *name = exp->name ? exp->name : "";
277     const char *desc = exp->description ? exp->description : "";
278     int rc;
279 
280     TRACE("Advertising export name '%s' description '%s'", name, desc);
281     name_len = strlen(name);
282     desc_len = strlen(desc);
283     len = name_len + desc_len + sizeof(len);
284     rc = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_len(ioc, NBD_REP_SERVER, NBD_OPT_LIST, len);
285     if (rc < 0) {
286         return rc;
287     }
288 
289     len = cpu_to_be32(name_len);
290     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, &len, sizeof(len)) != sizeof(len)) {
291         LOG("write failed (name length)");
292         return -EINVAL;
293     }
294     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, name, name_len) != name_len) {
295         LOG("write failed (name buffer)");
296         return -EINVAL;
297     }
298     if (nbd_negotiate_write(ioc, desc, desc_len) != desc_len) {
299         LOG("write failed (description buffer)");
300         return -EINVAL;
301     }
302     return 0;
303 }
304 
305 /* Process the NBD_OPT_LIST command, with a potential series of replies.
306  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
307 static int nbd_negotiate_handle_list(NBDClient *client, uint32_t length)
308 {
309     NBDExport *exp;
310 
311     if (length) {
312         if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(client->ioc, length) != length) {
313             return -EIO;
314         }
315         return nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
316                                           NBD_REP_ERR_INVALID, NBD_OPT_LIST,
317                                           "OPT_LIST should not have length");
318     }
319 
320     /* For each export, send a NBD_REP_SERVER reply. */
321     QTAILQ_FOREACH(exp, &exports, next) {
322         if (nbd_negotiate_send_rep_list(client->ioc, exp)) {
323             return -EINVAL;
324         }
325     }
326     /* Finish with a NBD_REP_ACK. */
327     return nbd_negotiate_send_rep(client->ioc, NBD_REP_ACK, NBD_OPT_LIST);
328 }
329 
330 static int nbd_negotiate_handle_export_name(NBDClient *client, uint32_t length)
331 {
332     int rc = -EINVAL;
333     char name[NBD_MAX_NAME_SIZE + 1];
334 
335     /* Client sends:
336         [20 ..  xx]   export name (length bytes)
337      */
338     TRACE("Checking length");
339     if (length >= sizeof(name)) {
340         LOG("Bad length received");
341         goto fail;
342     }
343     if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, name, length) != length) {
344         LOG("read failed");
345         goto fail;
346     }
347     name[length] = '\0';
348 
349     TRACE("Client requested export '%s'", name);
350 
351     client->exp = nbd_export_find(name);
352     if (!client->exp) {
353         LOG("export not found");
354         goto fail;
355     }
356 
357     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&client->exp->clients, client, next);
358     nbd_export_get(client->exp);
359     rc = 0;
360 fail:
361     return rc;
362 }
363 
364 /* Handle NBD_OPT_STARTTLS. Return NULL to drop connection, or else the
365  * new channel for all further (now-encrypted) communication. */
366 static QIOChannel *nbd_negotiate_handle_starttls(NBDClient *client,
367                                                  uint32_t length)
368 {
369     QIOChannel *ioc;
370     QIOChannelTLS *tioc;
371     struct NBDTLSHandshakeData data = { 0 };
372 
373     TRACE("Setting up TLS");
374     ioc = client->ioc;
375     if (length) {
376         if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(ioc, length) != length) {
377             return NULL;
378         }
379         nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(ioc, NBD_REP_ERR_INVALID, NBD_OPT_STARTTLS,
380                                    "OPT_STARTTLS should not have length");
381         return NULL;
382     }
383 
384     if (nbd_negotiate_send_rep(client->ioc, NBD_REP_ACK,
385                                NBD_OPT_STARTTLS) < 0) {
386         return NULL;
387     }
388 
389     tioc = qio_channel_tls_new_server(ioc,
390                                       client->tlscreds,
391                                       client->tlsaclname,
392                                       NULL);
393     if (!tioc) {
394         return NULL;
395     }
396 
397     qio_channel_set_name(QIO_CHANNEL(tioc), "nbd-server-tls");
398     TRACE("Starting TLS handshake");
399     data.loop = g_main_loop_new(g_main_context_default(), FALSE);
400     qio_channel_tls_handshake(tioc,
401                               nbd_tls_handshake,
402                               &data,
403                               NULL);
404 
405     if (!data.complete) {
406         g_main_loop_run(data.loop);
407     }
408     g_main_loop_unref(data.loop);
409     if (data.error) {
410         object_unref(OBJECT(tioc));
411         error_free(data.error);
412         return NULL;
413     }
414 
415     return QIO_CHANNEL(tioc);
416 }
417 
418 
419 /* Process all NBD_OPT_* client option commands.
420  * Return -errno on error, 0 on success. */
421 static int nbd_negotiate_options(NBDClient *client)
422 {
423     uint32_t flags;
424     bool fixedNewstyle = false;
425 
426     /* Client sends:
427         [ 0 ..   3]   client flags
428 
429         [ 0 ..   7]   NBD_OPTS_MAGIC
430         [ 8 ..  11]   NBD option
431         [12 ..  15]   Data length
432         ...           Rest of request
433 
434         [ 0 ..   7]   NBD_OPTS_MAGIC
435         [ 8 ..  11]   Second NBD option
436         [12 ..  15]   Data length
437         ...           Rest of request
438     */
439 
440     if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, &flags, sizeof(flags)) !=
441         sizeof(flags)) {
442         LOG("read failed");
443         return -EIO;
444     }
445     TRACE("Checking client flags");
446     be32_to_cpus(&flags);
447     if (flags & NBD_FLAG_C_FIXED_NEWSTYLE) {
448         TRACE("Client supports fixed newstyle handshake");
449         fixedNewstyle = true;
450         flags &= ~NBD_FLAG_C_FIXED_NEWSTYLE;
451     }
452     if (flags & NBD_FLAG_C_NO_ZEROES) {
453         TRACE("Client supports no zeroes at handshake end");
454         client->no_zeroes = true;
455         flags &= ~NBD_FLAG_C_NO_ZEROES;
456     }
457     if (flags != 0) {
458         TRACE("Unknown client flags 0x%" PRIx32 " received", flags);
459         return -EIO;
460     }
461 
462     while (1) {
463         int ret;
464         uint32_t clientflags, length;
465         uint64_t magic;
466 
467         if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, &magic, sizeof(magic)) !=
468             sizeof(magic)) {
469             LOG("read failed");
470             return -EINVAL;
471         }
472         TRACE("Checking opts magic");
473         if (magic != be64_to_cpu(NBD_OPTS_MAGIC)) {
474             LOG("Bad magic received");
475             return -EINVAL;
476         }
477 
478         if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, &clientflags,
479                                sizeof(clientflags)) != sizeof(clientflags)) {
480             LOG("read failed");
481             return -EINVAL;
482         }
483         clientflags = be32_to_cpu(clientflags);
484 
485         if (nbd_negotiate_read(client->ioc, &length, sizeof(length)) !=
486             sizeof(length)) {
487             LOG("read failed");
488             return -EINVAL;
489         }
490         length = be32_to_cpu(length);
491 
492         TRACE("Checking option 0x%" PRIx32, clientflags);
493         if (client->tlscreds &&
494             client->ioc == (QIOChannel *)client->sioc) {
495             QIOChannel *tioc;
496             if (!fixedNewstyle) {
497                 TRACE("Unsupported option 0x%" PRIx32, clientflags);
498                 return -EINVAL;
499             }
500             switch (clientflags) {
501             case NBD_OPT_STARTTLS:
502                 tioc = nbd_negotiate_handle_starttls(client, length);
503                 if (!tioc) {
504                     return -EIO;
505                 }
506                 object_unref(OBJECT(client->ioc));
507                 client->ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(tioc);
508                 break;
509 
510             case NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME:
511                 /* No way to return an error to client, so drop connection */
512                 TRACE("Option 0x%x not permitted before TLS", clientflags);
513                 return -EINVAL;
514 
515             default:
516                 if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(client->ioc, length) != length) {
517                     return -EIO;
518                 }
519                 ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
520                                                  NBD_REP_ERR_TLS_REQD,
521                                                  clientflags,
522                                                  "Option 0x%" PRIx32
523                                                  "not permitted before TLS",
524                                                  clientflags);
525                 if (ret < 0) {
526                     return ret;
527                 }
528                 /* Let the client keep trying, unless they asked to quit */
529                 if (clientflags == NBD_OPT_ABORT) {
530                     return -EINVAL;
531                 }
532                 break;
533             }
534         } else if (fixedNewstyle) {
535             switch (clientflags) {
536             case NBD_OPT_LIST:
537                 ret = nbd_negotiate_handle_list(client, length);
538                 if (ret < 0) {
539                     return ret;
540                 }
541                 break;
542 
543             case NBD_OPT_ABORT:
544                 /* NBD spec says we must try to reply before
545                  * disconnecting, but that we must also tolerate
546                  * guests that don't wait for our reply. */
547                 nbd_negotiate_send_rep(client->ioc, NBD_REP_ACK, clientflags);
548                 return -EINVAL;
549 
550             case NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME:
551                 return nbd_negotiate_handle_export_name(client, length);
552 
553             case NBD_OPT_STARTTLS:
554                 if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(client->ioc, length) != length) {
555                     return -EIO;
556                 }
557                 if (client->tlscreds) {
558                     ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
559                                                      NBD_REP_ERR_INVALID,
560                                                      clientflags,
561                                                      "TLS already enabled");
562                 } else {
563                     ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
564                                                      NBD_REP_ERR_POLICY,
565                                                      clientflags,
566                                                      "TLS not configured");
567                 }
568                 if (ret < 0) {
569                     return ret;
570                 }
571                 break;
572             default:
573                 if (nbd_negotiate_drop_sync(client->ioc, length) != length) {
574                     return -EIO;
575                 }
576                 ret = nbd_negotiate_send_rep_err(client->ioc,
577                                                  NBD_REP_ERR_UNSUP,
578                                                  clientflags,
579                                                  "Unsupported option 0x%"
580                                                  PRIx32,
581                                                  clientflags);
582                 if (ret < 0) {
583                     return ret;
584                 }
585                 break;
586             }
587         } else {
588             /*
589              * If broken new-style we should drop the connection
590              * for anything except NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME
591              */
592             switch (clientflags) {
593             case NBD_OPT_EXPORT_NAME:
594                 return nbd_negotiate_handle_export_name(client, length);
595 
596             default:
597                 TRACE("Unsupported option 0x%" PRIx32, clientflags);
598                 return -EINVAL;
599             }
600         }
601     }
602 }
603 
604 typedef struct {
605     NBDClient *client;
606     Coroutine *co;
607 } NBDClientNewData;
608 
609 static coroutine_fn int nbd_negotiate(NBDClientNewData *data)
610 {
611     NBDClient *client = data->client;
612     char buf[8 + 8 + 8 + 128];
613     int rc;
614     const uint16_t myflags = (NBD_FLAG_HAS_FLAGS | NBD_FLAG_SEND_TRIM |
615                               NBD_FLAG_SEND_FLUSH | NBD_FLAG_SEND_FUA |
616                               NBD_FLAG_SEND_WRITE_ZEROES);
617     bool oldStyle;
618     size_t len;
619 
620     /* Old style negotiation header without options
621         [ 0 ..   7]   passwd       ("NBDMAGIC")
622         [ 8 ..  15]   magic        (NBD_CLIENT_MAGIC)
623         [16 ..  23]   size
624         [24 ..  25]   server flags (0)
625         [26 ..  27]   export flags
626         [28 .. 151]   reserved     (0)
627 
628        New style negotiation header with options
629         [ 0 ..   7]   passwd       ("NBDMAGIC")
630         [ 8 ..  15]   magic        (NBD_OPTS_MAGIC)
631         [16 ..  17]   server flags (0)
632         ....options sent....
633         [18 ..  25]   size
634         [26 ..  27]   export flags
635         [28 .. 151]   reserved     (0, omit if no_zeroes)
636      */
637 
638     qio_channel_set_blocking(client->ioc, false, NULL);
639     rc = -EINVAL;
640 
641     TRACE("Beginning negotiation.");
642     memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
643     memcpy(buf, "NBDMAGIC", 8);
644 
645     oldStyle = client->exp != NULL && !client->tlscreds;
646     if (oldStyle) {
647         TRACE("advertising size %" PRIu64 " and flags %x",
648               client->exp->size, client->exp->nbdflags | myflags);
649         stq_be_p(buf + 8, NBD_CLIENT_MAGIC);
650         stq_be_p(buf + 16, client->exp->size);
651         stw_be_p(buf + 26, client->exp->nbdflags | myflags);
652     } else {
653         stq_be_p(buf + 8, NBD_OPTS_MAGIC);
654         stw_be_p(buf + 16, NBD_FLAG_FIXED_NEWSTYLE | NBD_FLAG_NO_ZEROES);
655     }
656 
657     if (oldStyle) {
658         if (client->tlscreds) {
659             TRACE("TLS cannot be enabled with oldstyle protocol");
660             goto fail;
661         }
662         if (nbd_negotiate_write(client->ioc, buf, sizeof(buf)) != sizeof(buf)) {
663             LOG("write failed");
664             goto fail;
665         }
666     } else {
667         if (nbd_negotiate_write(client->ioc, buf, 18) != 18) {
668             LOG("write failed");
669             goto fail;
670         }
671         rc = nbd_negotiate_options(client);
672         if (rc != 0) {
673             LOG("option negotiation failed");
674             goto fail;
675         }
676 
677         TRACE("advertising size %" PRIu64 " and flags %x",
678               client->exp->size, client->exp->nbdflags | myflags);
679         stq_be_p(buf + 18, client->exp->size);
680         stw_be_p(buf + 26, client->exp->nbdflags | myflags);
681         len = client->no_zeroes ? 10 : sizeof(buf) - 18;
682         if (nbd_negotiate_write(client->ioc, buf + 18, len) != len) {
683             LOG("write failed");
684             goto fail;
685         }
686     }
687 
688     TRACE("Negotiation succeeded.");
689     rc = 0;
690 fail:
691     return rc;
692 }
693 
694 static ssize_t nbd_receive_request(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDRequest *request)
695 {
696     uint8_t buf[NBD_REQUEST_SIZE];
697     uint32_t magic;
698     ssize_t ret;
699 
700     ret = read_sync(ioc, buf, sizeof(buf));
701     if (ret < 0) {
702         return ret;
703     }
704 
705     if (ret != sizeof(buf)) {
706         LOG("read failed");
707         return -EINVAL;
708     }
709 
710     /* Request
711        [ 0 ..  3]   magic   (NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC)
712        [ 4 ..  5]   flags   (NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA, ...)
713        [ 6 ..  7]   type    (NBD_CMD_READ, ...)
714        [ 8 .. 15]   handle
715        [16 .. 23]   from
716        [24 .. 27]   len
717      */
718 
719     magic = ldl_be_p(buf);
720     request->flags  = lduw_be_p(buf + 4);
721     request->type   = lduw_be_p(buf + 6);
722     request->handle = ldq_be_p(buf + 8);
723     request->from   = ldq_be_p(buf + 16);
724     request->len    = ldl_be_p(buf + 24);
725 
726     TRACE("Got request: { magic = 0x%" PRIx32 ", .flags = %" PRIx16
727           ", .type = %" PRIx16 ", from = %" PRIu64 ", len = %" PRIu32 " }",
728           magic, request->flags, request->type, request->from, request->len);
729 
730     if (magic != NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC) {
731         LOG("invalid magic (got 0x%" PRIx32 ")", magic);
732         return -EINVAL;
733     }
734     return 0;
735 }
736 
737 static ssize_t nbd_send_reply(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDReply *reply)
738 {
739     uint8_t buf[NBD_REPLY_SIZE];
740     ssize_t ret;
741 
742     reply->error = system_errno_to_nbd_errno(reply->error);
743 
744     TRACE("Sending response to client: { .error = %" PRId32
745           ", handle = %" PRIu64 " }",
746           reply->error, reply->handle);
747 
748     /* Reply
749        [ 0 ..  3]    magic   (NBD_REPLY_MAGIC)
750        [ 4 ..  7]    error   (0 == no error)
751        [ 7 .. 15]    handle
752      */
753     stl_be_p(buf, NBD_REPLY_MAGIC);
754     stl_be_p(buf + 4, reply->error);
755     stq_be_p(buf + 8, reply->handle);
756 
757     ret = write_sync(ioc, buf, sizeof(buf));
758     if (ret < 0) {
759         return ret;
760     }
761 
762     if (ret != sizeof(buf)) {
763         LOG("writing to socket failed");
764         return -EINVAL;
765     }
766     return 0;
767 }
768 
769 #define MAX_NBD_REQUESTS 16
770 
771 void nbd_client_get(NBDClient *client)
772 {
773     client->refcount++;
774 }
775 
776 void nbd_client_put(NBDClient *client)
777 {
778     if (--client->refcount == 0) {
779         /* The last reference should be dropped by client->close,
780          * which is called by client_close.
781          */
782         assert(client->closing);
783 
784         qio_channel_detach_aio_context(client->ioc);
785         object_unref(OBJECT(client->sioc));
786         object_unref(OBJECT(client->ioc));
787         if (client->tlscreds) {
788             object_unref(OBJECT(client->tlscreds));
789         }
790         g_free(client->tlsaclname);
791         if (client->exp) {
792             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&client->exp->clients, client, next);
793             nbd_export_put(client->exp);
794         }
795         g_free(client);
796     }
797 }
798 
799 static void client_close(NBDClient *client)
800 {
801     if (client->closing) {
802         return;
803     }
804 
805     client->closing = true;
806 
807     /* Force requests to finish.  They will drop their own references,
808      * then we'll close the socket and free the NBDClient.
809      */
810     qio_channel_shutdown(client->ioc, QIO_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN_BOTH,
811                          NULL);
812 
813     /* Also tell the client, so that they release their reference.  */
814     if (client->close) {
815         client->close(client);
816     }
817 }
818 
819 static NBDRequestData *nbd_request_get(NBDClient *client)
820 {
821     NBDRequestData *req;
822 
823     assert(client->nb_requests <= MAX_NBD_REQUESTS - 1);
824     client->nb_requests++;
825 
826     req = g_new0(NBDRequestData, 1);
827     nbd_client_get(client);
828     req->client = client;
829     return req;
830 }
831 
832 static void nbd_request_put(NBDRequestData *req)
833 {
834     NBDClient *client = req->client;
835 
836     if (req->data) {
837         qemu_vfree(req->data);
838     }
839     g_free(req);
840 
841     client->nb_requests--;
842     nbd_client_receive_next_request(client);
843 
844     nbd_client_put(client);
845 }
846 
847 static void blk_aio_attached(AioContext *ctx, void *opaque)
848 {
849     NBDExport *exp = opaque;
850     NBDClient *client;
851 
852     TRACE("Export %s: Attaching clients to AIO context %p\n", exp->name, ctx);
853 
854     exp->ctx = ctx;
855 
856     QTAILQ_FOREACH(client, &exp->clients, next) {
857         qio_channel_attach_aio_context(client->ioc, ctx);
858         if (client->recv_coroutine) {
859             aio_co_schedule(ctx, client->recv_coroutine);
860         }
861         if (client->send_coroutine) {
862             aio_co_schedule(ctx, client->send_coroutine);
863         }
864     }
865 }
866 
867 static void blk_aio_detach(void *opaque)
868 {
869     NBDExport *exp = opaque;
870     NBDClient *client;
871 
872     TRACE("Export %s: Detaching clients from AIO context %p\n", exp->name, exp->ctx);
873 
874     QTAILQ_FOREACH(client, &exp->clients, next) {
875         qio_channel_detach_aio_context(client->ioc);
876     }
877 
878     exp->ctx = NULL;
879 }
880 
881 static void nbd_eject_notifier(Notifier *n, void *data)
882 {
883     NBDExport *exp = container_of(n, NBDExport, eject_notifier);
884     nbd_export_close(exp);
885 }
886 
887 NBDExport *nbd_export_new(BlockDriverState *bs, off_t dev_offset, off_t size,
888                           uint16_t nbdflags, void (*close)(NBDExport *),
889                           bool writethrough, BlockBackend *on_eject_blk,
890                           Error **errp)
891 {
892     BlockBackend *blk;
893     NBDExport *exp = g_malloc0(sizeof(NBDExport));
894 
895     blk = blk_new();
896     blk_insert_bs(blk, bs);
897     blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
898 
899     exp->refcount = 1;
900     QTAILQ_INIT(&exp->clients);
901     exp->blk = blk;
902     exp->dev_offset = dev_offset;
903     exp->nbdflags = nbdflags;
904     exp->size = size < 0 ? blk_getlength(blk) : size;
905     if (exp->size < 0) {
906         error_setg_errno(errp, -exp->size,
907                          "Failed to determine the NBD export's length");
908         goto fail;
909     }
910     exp->size -= exp->size % BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
911 
912     exp->close = close;
913     exp->ctx = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
914     blk_add_aio_context_notifier(blk, blk_aio_attached, blk_aio_detach, exp);
915 
916     if (on_eject_blk) {
917         blk_ref(on_eject_blk);
918         exp->eject_notifier_blk = on_eject_blk;
919         exp->eject_notifier.notify = nbd_eject_notifier;
920         blk_add_remove_bs_notifier(on_eject_blk, &exp->eject_notifier);
921     }
922 
923     /*
924      * NBD exports are used for non-shared storage migration.  Make sure
925      * that BDRV_O_INACTIVE is cleared and the image is ready for write
926      * access since the export could be available before migration handover.
927      */
928     aio_context_acquire(exp->ctx);
929     blk_invalidate_cache(blk, NULL);
930     aio_context_release(exp->ctx);
931     return exp;
932 
933 fail:
934     blk_unref(blk);
935     g_free(exp);
936     return NULL;
937 }
938 
939 NBDExport *nbd_export_find(const char *name)
940 {
941     NBDExport *exp;
942     QTAILQ_FOREACH(exp, &exports, next) {
943         if (strcmp(name, exp->name) == 0) {
944             return exp;
945         }
946     }
947 
948     return NULL;
949 }
950 
951 void nbd_export_set_name(NBDExport *exp, const char *name)
952 {
953     if (exp->name == name) {
954         return;
955     }
956 
957     nbd_export_get(exp);
958     if (exp->name != NULL) {
959         g_free(exp->name);
960         exp->name = NULL;
961         QTAILQ_REMOVE(&exports, exp, next);
962         nbd_export_put(exp);
963     }
964     if (name != NULL) {
965         nbd_export_get(exp);
966         exp->name = g_strdup(name);
967         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&exports, exp, next);
968     }
969     nbd_export_put(exp);
970 }
971 
972 void nbd_export_set_description(NBDExport *exp, const char *description)
973 {
974     g_free(exp->description);
975     exp->description = g_strdup(description);
976 }
977 
978 void nbd_export_close(NBDExport *exp)
979 {
980     NBDClient *client, *next;
981 
982     nbd_export_get(exp);
983     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(client, &exp->clients, next, next) {
984         client_close(client);
985     }
986     nbd_export_set_name(exp, NULL);
987     nbd_export_set_description(exp, NULL);
988     nbd_export_put(exp);
989 }
990 
991 void nbd_export_get(NBDExport *exp)
992 {
993     assert(exp->refcount > 0);
994     exp->refcount++;
995 }
996 
997 void nbd_export_put(NBDExport *exp)
998 {
999     assert(exp->refcount > 0);
1000     if (exp->refcount == 1) {
1001         nbd_export_close(exp);
1002     }
1003 
1004     if (--exp->refcount == 0) {
1005         assert(exp->name == NULL);
1006         assert(exp->description == NULL);
1007 
1008         if (exp->close) {
1009             exp->close(exp);
1010         }
1011 
1012         if (exp->blk) {
1013             if (exp->eject_notifier_blk) {
1014                 notifier_remove(&exp->eject_notifier);
1015                 blk_unref(exp->eject_notifier_blk);
1016             }
1017             blk_remove_aio_context_notifier(exp->blk, blk_aio_attached,
1018                                             blk_aio_detach, exp);
1019             blk_unref(exp->blk);
1020             exp->blk = NULL;
1021         }
1022 
1023         g_free(exp);
1024     }
1025 }
1026 
1027 BlockBackend *nbd_export_get_blockdev(NBDExport *exp)
1028 {
1029     return exp->blk;
1030 }
1031 
1032 void nbd_export_close_all(void)
1033 {
1034     NBDExport *exp, *next;
1035 
1036     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(exp, &exports, next, next) {
1037         nbd_export_close(exp);
1038     }
1039 }
1040 
1041 static ssize_t nbd_co_send_reply(NBDRequestData *req, NBDReply *reply,
1042                                  int len)
1043 {
1044     NBDClient *client = req->client;
1045     ssize_t rc, ret;
1046 
1047     g_assert(qemu_in_coroutine());
1048     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&client->send_lock);
1049     client->send_coroutine = qemu_coroutine_self();
1050 
1051     if (!len) {
1052         rc = nbd_send_reply(client->ioc, reply);
1053     } else {
1054         qio_channel_set_cork(client->ioc, true);
1055         rc = nbd_send_reply(client->ioc, reply);
1056         if (rc >= 0) {
1057             ret = write_sync(client->ioc, req->data, len);
1058             if (ret != len) {
1059                 rc = -EIO;
1060             }
1061         }
1062         qio_channel_set_cork(client->ioc, false);
1063     }
1064 
1065     client->send_coroutine = NULL;
1066     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&client->send_lock);
1067     return rc;
1068 }
1069 
1070 /* Collect a client request.  Return 0 if request looks valid, -EAGAIN
1071  * to keep trying the collection, -EIO to drop connection right away,
1072  * and any other negative value to report an error to the client
1073  * (although the caller may still need to disconnect after reporting
1074  * the error).  */
1075 static ssize_t nbd_co_receive_request(NBDRequestData *req,
1076                                       NBDRequest *request)
1077 {
1078     NBDClient *client = req->client;
1079     ssize_t rc;
1080 
1081     g_assert(qemu_in_coroutine());
1082     assert(client->recv_coroutine == qemu_coroutine_self());
1083     rc = nbd_receive_request(client->ioc, request);
1084     if (rc < 0) {
1085         if (rc != -EAGAIN) {
1086             rc = -EIO;
1087         }
1088         goto out;
1089     }
1090 
1091     TRACE("Decoding type");
1092 
1093     if (request->type != NBD_CMD_WRITE) {
1094         /* No payload, we are ready to read the next request.  */
1095         req->complete = true;
1096     }
1097 
1098     if (request->type == NBD_CMD_DISC) {
1099         /* Special case: we're going to disconnect without a reply,
1100          * whether or not flags, from, or len are bogus */
1101         TRACE("Request type is DISCONNECT");
1102         rc = -EIO;
1103         goto out;
1104     }
1105 
1106     /* Check for sanity in the parameters, part 1.  Defer as many
1107      * checks as possible until after reading any NBD_CMD_WRITE
1108      * payload, so we can try and keep the connection alive.  */
1109     if ((request->from + request->len) < request->from) {
1110         LOG("integer overflow detected, you're probably being attacked");
1111         rc = -EINVAL;
1112         goto out;
1113     }
1114 
1115     if (request->type == NBD_CMD_READ || request->type == NBD_CMD_WRITE) {
1116         if (request->len > NBD_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
1117             LOG("len (%" PRIu32" ) is larger than max len (%u)",
1118                 request->len, NBD_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
1119             rc = -EINVAL;
1120             goto out;
1121         }
1122 
1123         req->data = blk_try_blockalign(client->exp->blk, request->len);
1124         if (req->data == NULL) {
1125             rc = -ENOMEM;
1126             goto out;
1127         }
1128     }
1129     if (request->type == NBD_CMD_WRITE) {
1130         TRACE("Reading %" PRIu32 " byte(s)", request->len);
1131 
1132         if (read_sync(client->ioc, req->data, request->len) != request->len) {
1133             LOG("reading from socket failed");
1134             rc = -EIO;
1135             goto out;
1136         }
1137         req->complete = true;
1138     }
1139 
1140     /* Sanity checks, part 2. */
1141     if (request->from + request->len > client->exp->size) {
1142         LOG("operation past EOF; From: %" PRIu64 ", Len: %" PRIu32
1143             ", Size: %" PRIu64, request->from, request->len,
1144             (uint64_t)client->exp->size);
1145         rc = request->type == NBD_CMD_WRITE ? -ENOSPC : -EINVAL;
1146         goto out;
1147     }
1148     if (request->flags & ~(NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA | NBD_CMD_FLAG_NO_HOLE)) {
1149         LOG("unsupported flags (got 0x%x)", request->flags);
1150         rc = -EINVAL;
1151         goto out;
1152     }
1153     if (request->type != NBD_CMD_WRITE_ZEROES &&
1154         (request->flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_NO_HOLE)) {
1155         LOG("unexpected flags (got 0x%x)", request->flags);
1156         rc = -EINVAL;
1157         goto out;
1158     }
1159 
1160     rc = 0;
1161 
1162 out:
1163     client->recv_coroutine = NULL;
1164     nbd_client_receive_next_request(client);
1165 
1166     return rc;
1167 }
1168 
1169 /* Owns a reference to the NBDClient passed as opaque.  */
1170 static coroutine_fn void nbd_trip(void *opaque)
1171 {
1172     NBDClient *client = opaque;
1173     NBDExport *exp = client->exp;
1174     NBDRequestData *req;
1175     NBDRequest request = { 0 };    /* GCC thinks it can be used uninitialized */
1176     NBDReply reply;
1177     ssize_t ret;
1178     int flags;
1179 
1180     TRACE("Reading request.");
1181     if (client->closing) {
1182         nbd_client_put(client);
1183         return;
1184     }
1185 
1186     req = nbd_request_get(client);
1187     ret = nbd_co_receive_request(req, &request);
1188     if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
1189         goto done;
1190     }
1191     if (ret == -EIO) {
1192         goto out;
1193     }
1194 
1195     reply.handle = request.handle;
1196     reply.error = 0;
1197 
1198     if (ret < 0) {
1199         reply.error = -ret;
1200         goto error_reply;
1201     }
1202 
1203     if (client->closing) {
1204         /*
1205          * The client may be closed when we are blocked in
1206          * nbd_co_receive_request()
1207          */
1208         goto done;
1209     }
1210 
1211     switch (request.type) {
1212     case NBD_CMD_READ:
1213         TRACE("Request type is READ");
1214 
1215         /* XXX: NBD Protocol only documents use of FUA with WRITE */
1216         if (request.flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA) {
1217             ret = blk_co_flush(exp->blk);
1218             if (ret < 0) {
1219                 LOG("flush failed");
1220                 reply.error = -ret;
1221                 goto error_reply;
1222             }
1223         }
1224 
1225         ret = blk_pread(exp->blk, request.from + exp->dev_offset,
1226                         req->data, request.len);
1227         if (ret < 0) {
1228             LOG("reading from file failed");
1229             reply.error = -ret;
1230             goto error_reply;
1231         }
1232 
1233         TRACE("Read %" PRIu32" byte(s)", request.len);
1234         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, request.len) < 0)
1235             goto out;
1236         break;
1237     case NBD_CMD_WRITE:
1238         TRACE("Request type is WRITE");
1239 
1240         if (exp->nbdflags & NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY) {
1241             TRACE("Server is read-only, return error");
1242             reply.error = EROFS;
1243             goto error_reply;
1244         }
1245 
1246         TRACE("Writing to device");
1247 
1248         flags = 0;
1249         if (request.flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA) {
1250             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1251         }
1252         ret = blk_pwrite(exp->blk, request.from + exp->dev_offset,
1253                          req->data, request.len, flags);
1254         if (ret < 0) {
1255             LOG("writing to file failed");
1256             reply.error = -ret;
1257             goto error_reply;
1258         }
1259 
1260         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0) {
1261             goto out;
1262         }
1263         break;
1264 
1265     case NBD_CMD_WRITE_ZEROES:
1266         TRACE("Request type is WRITE_ZEROES");
1267 
1268         if (exp->nbdflags & NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY) {
1269             TRACE("Server is read-only, return error");
1270             reply.error = EROFS;
1271             goto error_reply;
1272         }
1273 
1274         TRACE("Writing to device");
1275 
1276         flags = 0;
1277         if (request.flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_FUA) {
1278             flags |= BDRV_REQ_FUA;
1279         }
1280         if (!(request.flags & NBD_CMD_FLAG_NO_HOLE)) {
1281             flags |= BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
1282         }
1283         ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(exp->blk, request.from + exp->dev_offset,
1284                                 request.len, flags);
1285         if (ret < 0) {
1286             LOG("writing to file failed");
1287             reply.error = -ret;
1288             goto error_reply;
1289         }
1290 
1291         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0) {
1292             goto out;
1293         }
1294         break;
1295 
1296     case NBD_CMD_DISC:
1297         /* unreachable, thanks to special case in nbd_co_receive_request() */
1298         abort();
1299 
1300     case NBD_CMD_FLUSH:
1301         TRACE("Request type is FLUSH");
1302 
1303         ret = blk_co_flush(exp->blk);
1304         if (ret < 0) {
1305             LOG("flush failed");
1306             reply.error = -ret;
1307         }
1308         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0) {
1309             goto out;
1310         }
1311         break;
1312     case NBD_CMD_TRIM:
1313         TRACE("Request type is TRIM");
1314         ret = blk_co_pdiscard(exp->blk, request.from + exp->dev_offset,
1315                               request.len);
1316         if (ret < 0) {
1317             LOG("discard failed");
1318             reply.error = -ret;
1319         }
1320         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0) {
1321             goto out;
1322         }
1323         break;
1324     default:
1325         LOG("invalid request type (%" PRIu32 ") received", request.type);
1326         reply.error = EINVAL;
1327     error_reply:
1328         /* We must disconnect after NBD_CMD_WRITE if we did not
1329          * read the payload.
1330          */
1331         if (nbd_co_send_reply(req, &reply, 0) < 0 || !req->complete) {
1332             goto out;
1333         }
1334         break;
1335     }
1336 
1337     TRACE("Request/Reply complete");
1338 
1339 done:
1340     nbd_request_put(req);
1341     nbd_client_put(client);
1342     return;
1343 
1344 out:
1345     nbd_request_put(req);
1346     client_close(client);
1347     nbd_client_put(client);
1348 }
1349 
1350 static void nbd_client_receive_next_request(NBDClient *client)
1351 {
1352     if (!client->recv_coroutine && client->nb_requests < MAX_NBD_REQUESTS) {
1353         nbd_client_get(client);
1354         client->recv_coroutine = qemu_coroutine_create(nbd_trip, client);
1355         aio_co_schedule(client->exp->ctx, client->recv_coroutine);
1356     }
1357 }
1358 
1359 static coroutine_fn void nbd_co_client_start(void *opaque)
1360 {
1361     NBDClientNewData *data = opaque;
1362     NBDClient *client = data->client;
1363     NBDExport *exp = client->exp;
1364 
1365     if (exp) {
1366         nbd_export_get(exp);
1367     }
1368     if (nbd_negotiate(data)) {
1369         client_close(client);
1370         goto out;
1371     }
1372     qemu_co_mutex_init(&client->send_lock);
1373 
1374     if (exp) {
1375         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&exp->clients, client, next);
1376     }
1377 
1378     nbd_client_receive_next_request(client);
1379 
1380 out:
1381     g_free(data);
1382 }
1383 
1384 void nbd_client_new(NBDExport *exp,
1385                     QIOChannelSocket *sioc,
1386                     QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
1387                     const char *tlsaclname,
1388                     void (*close_fn)(NBDClient *))
1389 {
1390     NBDClient *client;
1391     NBDClientNewData *data = g_new(NBDClientNewData, 1);
1392 
1393     client = g_malloc0(sizeof(NBDClient));
1394     client->refcount = 1;
1395     client->exp = exp;
1396     client->tlscreds = tlscreds;
1397     if (tlscreds) {
1398         object_ref(OBJECT(client->tlscreds));
1399     }
1400     client->tlsaclname = g_strdup(tlsaclname);
1401     client->sioc = sioc;
1402     object_ref(OBJECT(client->sioc));
1403     client->ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(sioc);
1404     object_ref(OBJECT(client->ioc));
1405     client->close = close_fn;
1406 
1407     data->client = client;
1408     data->co = qemu_coroutine_create(nbd_co_client_start, data);
1409     qemu_coroutine_enter(data->co);
1410 }
1411