xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/virtio/virtio.c (revision d6cd3ae0)
1 /*
2  * Virtio Support
3  *
4  * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2007
5  *
6  * Authors:
7  *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
8  *
9  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
10  * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
11  *
12  */
13 
14 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
15 #include "qapi/error.h"
16 #include "cpu.h"
17 #include "trace.h"
18 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
19 #include "qemu/log.h"
20 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
21 #include "qemu/module.h"
22 #include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
23 #include "migration/qemu-file-types.h"
24 #include "qemu/atomic.h"
25 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
26 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
27 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-access.h"
28 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
29 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
30 #include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_ids.h"
31 
32 /*
33  * The alignment to use between consumer and producer parts of vring.
34  * x86 pagesize again. This is the default, used by transports like PCI
35  * which don't provide a means for the guest to tell the host the alignment.
36  */
37 #define VIRTIO_PCI_VRING_ALIGN         4096
38 
39 typedef struct VRingDesc
40 {
41     uint64_t addr;
42     uint32_t len;
43     uint16_t flags;
44     uint16_t next;
45 } VRingDesc;
46 
47 typedef struct VRingPackedDesc {
48     uint64_t addr;
49     uint32_t len;
50     uint16_t id;
51     uint16_t flags;
52 } VRingPackedDesc;
53 
54 typedef struct VRingAvail
55 {
56     uint16_t flags;
57     uint16_t idx;
58     uint16_t ring[];
59 } VRingAvail;
60 
61 typedef struct VRingUsedElem
62 {
63     uint32_t id;
64     uint32_t len;
65 } VRingUsedElem;
66 
67 typedef struct VRingUsed
68 {
69     uint16_t flags;
70     uint16_t idx;
71     VRingUsedElem ring[];
72 } VRingUsed;
73 
74 typedef struct VRingMemoryRegionCaches {
75     struct rcu_head rcu;
76     MemoryRegionCache desc;
77     MemoryRegionCache avail;
78     MemoryRegionCache used;
79 } VRingMemoryRegionCaches;
80 
81 typedef struct VRing
82 {
83     unsigned int num;
84     unsigned int num_default;
85     unsigned int align;
86     hwaddr desc;
87     hwaddr avail;
88     hwaddr used;
89     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
90 } VRing;
91 
92 typedef struct VRingPackedDescEvent {
93     uint16_t off_wrap;
94     uint16_t flags;
95 } VRingPackedDescEvent ;
96 
97 struct VirtQueue
98 {
99     VRing vring;
100     VirtQueueElement *used_elems;
101 
102     /* Next head to pop */
103     uint16_t last_avail_idx;
104     bool last_avail_wrap_counter;
105 
106     /* Last avail_idx read from VQ. */
107     uint16_t shadow_avail_idx;
108     bool shadow_avail_wrap_counter;
109 
110     uint16_t used_idx;
111     bool used_wrap_counter;
112 
113     /* Last used index value we have signalled on */
114     uint16_t signalled_used;
115 
116     /* Last used index value we have signalled on */
117     bool signalled_used_valid;
118 
119     /* Notification enabled? */
120     bool notification;
121 
122     uint16_t queue_index;
123 
124     unsigned int inuse;
125 
126     uint16_t vector;
127     VirtIOHandleOutput handle_output;
128     VirtIODevice *vdev;
129     EventNotifier guest_notifier;
130     EventNotifier host_notifier;
131     bool host_notifier_enabled;
132     QLIST_ENTRY(VirtQueue) node;
133 };
134 
135 const char *virtio_device_names[] = {
136     [VIRTIO_ID_NET] = "virtio-net",
137     [VIRTIO_ID_BLOCK] = "virtio-blk",
138     [VIRTIO_ID_CONSOLE] = "virtio-serial",
139     [VIRTIO_ID_RNG] = "virtio-rng",
140     [VIRTIO_ID_BALLOON] = "virtio-balloon",
141     [VIRTIO_ID_IOMEM] = "virtio-iomem",
142     [VIRTIO_ID_RPMSG] = "virtio-rpmsg",
143     [VIRTIO_ID_SCSI] = "virtio-scsi",
144     [VIRTIO_ID_9P] = "virtio-9p",
145     [VIRTIO_ID_MAC80211_WLAN] = "virtio-mac-wlan",
146     [VIRTIO_ID_RPROC_SERIAL] = "virtio-rproc-serial",
147     [VIRTIO_ID_CAIF] = "virtio-caif",
148     [VIRTIO_ID_MEMORY_BALLOON] = "virtio-mem-balloon",
149     [VIRTIO_ID_GPU] = "virtio-gpu",
150     [VIRTIO_ID_CLOCK] = "virtio-clk",
151     [VIRTIO_ID_INPUT] = "virtio-input",
152     [VIRTIO_ID_VSOCK] = "vhost-vsock",
153     [VIRTIO_ID_CRYPTO] = "virtio-crypto",
154     [VIRTIO_ID_SIGNAL_DIST] = "virtio-signal",
155     [VIRTIO_ID_PSTORE] = "virtio-pstore",
156     [VIRTIO_ID_IOMMU] = "virtio-iommu",
157     [VIRTIO_ID_MEM] = "virtio-mem",
158     [VIRTIO_ID_SOUND] = "virtio-sound",
159     [VIRTIO_ID_FS] = "virtio-user-fs",
160     [VIRTIO_ID_PMEM] = "virtio-pmem",
161     [VIRTIO_ID_RPMB] = "virtio-rpmb",
162     [VIRTIO_ID_MAC80211_HWSIM] = "virtio-mac-hwsim",
163     [VIRTIO_ID_VIDEO_ENCODER] = "virtio-vid-encoder",
164     [VIRTIO_ID_VIDEO_DECODER] = "virtio-vid-decoder",
165     [VIRTIO_ID_SCMI] = "virtio-scmi",
166     [VIRTIO_ID_NITRO_SEC_MOD] = "virtio-nitro-sec-mod",
167     [VIRTIO_ID_I2C_ADAPTER] = "vhost-user-i2c",
168     [VIRTIO_ID_WATCHDOG] = "virtio-watchdog",
169     [VIRTIO_ID_CAN] = "virtio-can",
170     [VIRTIO_ID_DMABUF] = "virtio-dmabuf",
171     [VIRTIO_ID_PARAM_SERV] = "virtio-param-serv",
172     [VIRTIO_ID_AUDIO_POLICY] = "virtio-audio-pol",
173     [VIRTIO_ID_BT] = "virtio-bluetooth",
174     [VIRTIO_ID_GPIO] = "virtio-gpio"
175 };
176 
177 static const char *virtio_id_to_name(uint16_t device_id)
178 {
179     assert(device_id < G_N_ELEMENTS(virtio_device_names));
180     const char *name = virtio_device_names[device_id];
181     assert(name != NULL);
182     return name;
183 }
184 
185 /* Called within call_rcu().  */
186 static void virtio_free_region_cache(VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches)
187 {
188     assert(caches != NULL);
189     address_space_cache_destroy(&caches->desc);
190     address_space_cache_destroy(&caches->avail);
191     address_space_cache_destroy(&caches->used);
192     g_free(caches);
193 }
194 
195 static void virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(struct VirtQueue *vq)
196 {
197     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
198 
199     caches = qatomic_read(&vq->vring.caches);
200     qatomic_rcu_set(&vq->vring.caches, NULL);
201     if (caches) {
202         call_rcu(caches, virtio_free_region_cache, rcu);
203     }
204 }
205 
206 static void virtio_init_region_cache(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
207 {
208     VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
209     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *old = vq->vring.caches;
210     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *new = NULL;
211     hwaddr addr, size;
212     int64_t len;
213     bool packed;
214 
215 
216     addr = vq->vring.desc;
217     if (!addr) {
218         goto out_no_cache;
219     }
220     new = g_new0(VRingMemoryRegionCaches, 1);
221     size = virtio_queue_get_desc_size(vdev, n);
222     packed = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED) ?
223                                    true : false;
224     len = address_space_cache_init(&new->desc, vdev->dma_as,
225                                    addr, size, packed);
226     if (len < size) {
227         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map desc");
228         goto err_desc;
229     }
230 
231     size = virtio_queue_get_used_size(vdev, n);
232     len = address_space_cache_init(&new->used, vdev->dma_as,
233                                    vq->vring.used, size, true);
234     if (len < size) {
235         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map used");
236         goto err_used;
237     }
238 
239     size = virtio_queue_get_avail_size(vdev, n);
240     len = address_space_cache_init(&new->avail, vdev->dma_as,
241                                    vq->vring.avail, size, false);
242     if (len < size) {
243         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map avail");
244         goto err_avail;
245     }
246 
247     qatomic_rcu_set(&vq->vring.caches, new);
248     if (old) {
249         call_rcu(old, virtio_free_region_cache, rcu);
250     }
251     return;
252 
253 err_avail:
254     address_space_cache_destroy(&new->avail);
255 err_used:
256     address_space_cache_destroy(&new->used);
257 err_desc:
258     address_space_cache_destroy(&new->desc);
259 out_no_cache:
260     g_free(new);
261     virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(vq);
262 }
263 
264 /* virt queue functions */
265 void virtio_queue_update_rings(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
266 {
267     VRing *vring = &vdev->vq[n].vring;
268 
269     if (!vring->num || !vring->desc || !vring->align) {
270         /* not yet setup -> nothing to do */
271         return;
272     }
273     vring->avail = vring->desc + vring->num * sizeof(VRingDesc);
274     vring->used = vring_align(vring->avail +
275                               offsetof(VRingAvail, ring[vring->num]),
276                               vring->align);
277     virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, n);
278 }
279 
280 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
281 static void vring_split_desc_read(VirtIODevice *vdev, VRingDesc *desc,
282                                   MemoryRegionCache *cache, int i)
283 {
284     address_space_read_cached(cache, i * sizeof(VRingDesc),
285                               desc, sizeof(VRingDesc));
286     virtio_tswap64s(vdev, &desc->addr);
287     virtio_tswap32s(vdev, &desc->len);
288     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->flags);
289     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->next);
290 }
291 
292 static void vring_packed_event_read(VirtIODevice *vdev,
293                                     MemoryRegionCache *cache,
294                                     VRingPackedDescEvent *e)
295 {
296     hwaddr off_off = offsetof(VRingPackedDescEvent, off_wrap);
297     hwaddr off_flags = offsetof(VRingPackedDescEvent, flags);
298 
299     e->flags = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vdev, cache, off_flags);
300     /* Make sure flags is seen before off_wrap */
301     smp_rmb();
302     e->off_wrap = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vdev, cache, off_off);
303     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &e->flags);
304 }
305 
306 static void vring_packed_off_wrap_write(VirtIODevice *vdev,
307                                         MemoryRegionCache *cache,
308                                         uint16_t off_wrap)
309 {
310     hwaddr off = offsetof(VRingPackedDescEvent, off_wrap);
311 
312     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vdev, cache, off, off_wrap);
313     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off, sizeof(off_wrap));
314 }
315 
316 static void vring_packed_flags_write(VirtIODevice *vdev,
317                                      MemoryRegionCache *cache, uint16_t flags)
318 {
319     hwaddr off = offsetof(VRingPackedDescEvent, flags);
320 
321     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vdev, cache, off, flags);
322     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off, sizeof(flags));
323 }
324 
325 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
326 static VRingMemoryRegionCaches *vring_get_region_caches(struct VirtQueue *vq)
327 {
328     return qatomic_rcu_read(&vq->vring.caches);
329 }
330 
331 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
332 static inline uint16_t vring_avail_flags(VirtQueue *vq)
333 {
334     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
335     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingAvail, flags);
336 
337     if (!caches) {
338         return 0;
339     }
340 
341     return virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->avail, pa);
342 }
343 
344 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
345 static inline uint16_t vring_avail_idx(VirtQueue *vq)
346 {
347     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
348     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingAvail, idx);
349 
350     if (!caches) {
351         return 0;
352     }
353 
354     vq->shadow_avail_idx = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->avail, pa);
355     return vq->shadow_avail_idx;
356 }
357 
358 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
359 static inline uint16_t vring_avail_ring(VirtQueue *vq, int i)
360 {
361     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
362     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingAvail, ring[i]);
363 
364     if (!caches) {
365         return 0;
366     }
367 
368     return virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->avail, pa);
369 }
370 
371 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
372 static inline uint16_t vring_get_used_event(VirtQueue *vq)
373 {
374     return vring_avail_ring(vq, vq->vring.num);
375 }
376 
377 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
378 static inline void vring_used_write(VirtQueue *vq, VRingUsedElem *uelem,
379                                     int i)
380 {
381     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
382     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, ring[i]);
383 
384     if (!caches) {
385         return;
386     }
387 
388     virtio_tswap32s(vq->vdev, &uelem->id);
389     virtio_tswap32s(vq->vdev, &uelem->len);
390     address_space_write_cached(&caches->used, pa, uelem, sizeof(VRingUsedElem));
391     address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(VRingUsedElem));
392 }
393 
394 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
395 static uint16_t vring_used_idx(VirtQueue *vq)
396 {
397     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
398     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, idx);
399 
400     if (!caches) {
401         return 0;
402     }
403 
404     return virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa);
405 }
406 
407 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
408 static inline void vring_used_idx_set(VirtQueue *vq, uint16_t val)
409 {
410     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
411     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, idx);
412 
413     if (caches) {
414         virtio_stw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa, val);
415         address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(val));
416     }
417 
418     vq->used_idx = val;
419 }
420 
421 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
422 static inline void vring_used_flags_set_bit(VirtQueue *vq, int mask)
423 {
424     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
425     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
426     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, flags);
427     uint16_t flags;
428 
429     if (!caches) {
430         return;
431     }
432 
433     flags = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa);
434     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vdev, &caches->used, pa, flags | mask);
435     address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(flags));
436 }
437 
438 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
439 static inline void vring_used_flags_unset_bit(VirtQueue *vq, int mask)
440 {
441     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
442     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
443     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, flags);
444     uint16_t flags;
445 
446     if (!caches) {
447         return;
448     }
449 
450     flags = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa);
451     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vdev, &caches->used, pa, flags & ~mask);
452     address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(flags));
453 }
454 
455 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
456 static inline void vring_set_avail_event(VirtQueue *vq, uint16_t val)
457 {
458     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
459     hwaddr pa;
460     if (!vq->notification) {
461         return;
462     }
463 
464     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
465     if (!caches) {
466         return;
467     }
468 
469     pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, ring[vq->vring.num]);
470     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa, val);
471     address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(val));
472 }
473 
474 static void virtio_queue_split_set_notification(VirtQueue *vq, int enable)
475 {
476     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
477 
478     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
479         vring_set_avail_event(vq, vring_avail_idx(vq));
480     } else if (enable) {
481         vring_used_flags_unset_bit(vq, VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY);
482     } else {
483         vring_used_flags_set_bit(vq, VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY);
484     }
485     if (enable) {
486         /* Expose avail event/used flags before caller checks the avail idx. */
487         smp_mb();
488     }
489 }
490 
491 static void virtio_queue_packed_set_notification(VirtQueue *vq, int enable)
492 {
493     uint16_t off_wrap;
494     VRingPackedDescEvent e;
495     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
496 
497     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
498     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
499     if (!caches) {
500         return;
501     }
502 
503     vring_packed_event_read(vq->vdev, &caches->used, &e);
504 
505     if (!enable) {
506         e.flags = VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_DISABLE;
507     } else if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
508         off_wrap = vq->shadow_avail_idx | vq->shadow_avail_wrap_counter << 15;
509         vring_packed_off_wrap_write(vq->vdev, &caches->used, off_wrap);
510         /* Make sure off_wrap is wrote before flags */
511         smp_wmb();
512         e.flags = VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_DESC;
513     } else {
514         e.flags = VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_ENABLE;
515     }
516 
517     vring_packed_flags_write(vq->vdev, &caches->used, e.flags);
518     if (enable) {
519         /* Expose avail event/used flags before caller checks the avail idx. */
520         smp_mb();
521     }
522 }
523 
524 bool virtio_queue_get_notification(VirtQueue *vq)
525 {
526     return vq->notification;
527 }
528 
529 void virtio_queue_set_notification(VirtQueue *vq, int enable)
530 {
531     vq->notification = enable;
532 
533     if (!vq->vring.desc) {
534         return;
535     }
536 
537     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
538         virtio_queue_packed_set_notification(vq, enable);
539     } else {
540         virtio_queue_split_set_notification(vq, enable);
541     }
542 }
543 
544 int virtio_queue_ready(VirtQueue *vq)
545 {
546     return vq->vring.avail != 0;
547 }
548 
549 static void vring_packed_desc_read_flags(VirtIODevice *vdev,
550                                          uint16_t *flags,
551                                          MemoryRegionCache *cache,
552                                          int i)
553 {
554     hwaddr off = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, flags);
555 
556     *flags = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vdev, cache, off);
557 }
558 
559 static void vring_packed_desc_read(VirtIODevice *vdev,
560                                    VRingPackedDesc *desc,
561                                    MemoryRegionCache *cache,
562                                    int i, bool strict_order)
563 {
564     hwaddr off = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc);
565 
566     vring_packed_desc_read_flags(vdev, &desc->flags, cache, i);
567 
568     if (strict_order) {
569         /* Make sure flags is read before the rest fields. */
570         smp_rmb();
571     }
572 
573     address_space_read_cached(cache, off + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, addr),
574                               &desc->addr, sizeof(desc->addr));
575     address_space_read_cached(cache, off + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, id),
576                               &desc->id, sizeof(desc->id));
577     address_space_read_cached(cache, off + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, len),
578                               &desc->len, sizeof(desc->len));
579     virtio_tswap64s(vdev, &desc->addr);
580     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->id);
581     virtio_tswap32s(vdev, &desc->len);
582 }
583 
584 static void vring_packed_desc_write_data(VirtIODevice *vdev,
585                                          VRingPackedDesc *desc,
586                                          MemoryRegionCache *cache,
587                                          int i)
588 {
589     hwaddr off_id = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) +
590                     offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, id);
591     hwaddr off_len = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) +
592                     offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, len);
593 
594     virtio_tswap32s(vdev, &desc->len);
595     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->id);
596     address_space_write_cached(cache, off_id, &desc->id, sizeof(desc->id));
597     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off_id, sizeof(desc->id));
598     address_space_write_cached(cache, off_len, &desc->len, sizeof(desc->len));
599     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off_len, sizeof(desc->len));
600 }
601 
602 static void vring_packed_desc_write_flags(VirtIODevice *vdev,
603                                           VRingPackedDesc *desc,
604                                           MemoryRegionCache *cache,
605                                           int i)
606 {
607     hwaddr off = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, flags);
608 
609     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vdev, cache, off, desc->flags);
610     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off, sizeof(desc->flags));
611 }
612 
613 static void vring_packed_desc_write(VirtIODevice *vdev,
614                                     VRingPackedDesc *desc,
615                                     MemoryRegionCache *cache,
616                                     int i, bool strict_order)
617 {
618     vring_packed_desc_write_data(vdev, desc, cache, i);
619     if (strict_order) {
620         /* Make sure data is wrote before flags. */
621         smp_wmb();
622     }
623     vring_packed_desc_write_flags(vdev, desc, cache, i);
624 }
625 
626 static inline bool is_desc_avail(uint16_t flags, bool wrap_counter)
627 {
628     bool avail, used;
629 
630     avail = !!(flags & (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_AVAIL));
631     used = !!(flags & (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_USED));
632     return (avail != used) && (avail == wrap_counter);
633 }
634 
635 /* Fetch avail_idx from VQ memory only when we really need to know if
636  * guest has added some buffers.
637  * Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
638 static int virtio_queue_empty_rcu(VirtQueue *vq)
639 {
640     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
641         return 1;
642     }
643 
644     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.avail)) {
645         return 1;
646     }
647 
648     if (vq->shadow_avail_idx != vq->last_avail_idx) {
649         return 0;
650     }
651 
652     return vring_avail_idx(vq) == vq->last_avail_idx;
653 }
654 
655 static int virtio_queue_split_empty(VirtQueue *vq)
656 {
657     bool empty;
658 
659     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
660         return 1;
661     }
662 
663     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.avail)) {
664         return 1;
665     }
666 
667     if (vq->shadow_avail_idx != vq->last_avail_idx) {
668         return 0;
669     }
670 
671     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
672     empty = vring_avail_idx(vq) == vq->last_avail_idx;
673     return empty;
674 }
675 
676 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
677 static int virtio_queue_packed_empty_rcu(VirtQueue *vq)
678 {
679     struct VRingPackedDesc desc;
680     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *cache;
681 
682     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc)) {
683         return 1;
684     }
685 
686     cache = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
687     if (!cache) {
688         return 1;
689     }
690 
691     vring_packed_desc_read_flags(vq->vdev, &desc.flags, &cache->desc,
692                                  vq->last_avail_idx);
693 
694     return !is_desc_avail(desc.flags, vq->last_avail_wrap_counter);
695 }
696 
697 static int virtio_queue_packed_empty(VirtQueue *vq)
698 {
699     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
700     return virtio_queue_packed_empty_rcu(vq);
701 }
702 
703 int virtio_queue_empty(VirtQueue *vq)
704 {
705     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
706         return virtio_queue_packed_empty(vq);
707     } else {
708         return virtio_queue_split_empty(vq);
709     }
710 }
711 
712 static void virtqueue_unmap_sg(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
713                                unsigned int len)
714 {
715     AddressSpace *dma_as = vq->vdev->dma_as;
716     unsigned int offset;
717     int i;
718 
719     offset = 0;
720     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
721         size_t size = MIN(len - offset, elem->in_sg[i].iov_len);
722 
723         dma_memory_unmap(dma_as, elem->in_sg[i].iov_base,
724                          elem->in_sg[i].iov_len,
725                          DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, size);
726 
727         offset += size;
728     }
729 
730     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++)
731         dma_memory_unmap(dma_as, elem->out_sg[i].iov_base,
732                          elem->out_sg[i].iov_len,
733                          DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE,
734                          elem->out_sg[i].iov_len);
735 }
736 
737 /* virtqueue_detach_element:
738  * @vq: The #VirtQueue
739  * @elem: The #VirtQueueElement
740  * @len: number of bytes written
741  *
742  * Detach the element from the virtqueue.  This function is suitable for device
743  * reset or other situations where a #VirtQueueElement is simply freed and will
744  * not be pushed or discarded.
745  */
746 void virtqueue_detach_element(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
747                               unsigned int len)
748 {
749     vq->inuse -= elem->ndescs;
750     virtqueue_unmap_sg(vq, elem, len);
751 }
752 
753 static void virtqueue_split_rewind(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int num)
754 {
755     vq->last_avail_idx -= num;
756 }
757 
758 static void virtqueue_packed_rewind(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int num)
759 {
760     if (vq->last_avail_idx < num) {
761         vq->last_avail_idx = vq->vring.num + vq->last_avail_idx - num;
762         vq->last_avail_wrap_counter ^= 1;
763     } else {
764         vq->last_avail_idx -= num;
765     }
766 }
767 
768 /* virtqueue_unpop:
769  * @vq: The #VirtQueue
770  * @elem: The #VirtQueueElement
771  * @len: number of bytes written
772  *
773  * Pretend the most recent element wasn't popped from the virtqueue.  The next
774  * call to virtqueue_pop() will refetch the element.
775  */
776 void virtqueue_unpop(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
777                      unsigned int len)
778 {
779 
780     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
781         virtqueue_packed_rewind(vq, 1);
782     } else {
783         virtqueue_split_rewind(vq, 1);
784     }
785 
786     virtqueue_detach_element(vq, elem, len);
787 }
788 
789 /* virtqueue_rewind:
790  * @vq: The #VirtQueue
791  * @num: Number of elements to push back
792  *
793  * Pretend that elements weren't popped from the virtqueue.  The next
794  * virtqueue_pop() will refetch the oldest element.
795  *
796  * Use virtqueue_unpop() instead if you have a VirtQueueElement.
797  *
798  * Returns: true on success, false if @num is greater than the number of in use
799  * elements.
800  */
801 bool virtqueue_rewind(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int num)
802 {
803     if (num > vq->inuse) {
804         return false;
805     }
806 
807     vq->inuse -= num;
808     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
809         virtqueue_packed_rewind(vq, num);
810     } else {
811         virtqueue_split_rewind(vq, num);
812     }
813     return true;
814 }
815 
816 static void virtqueue_split_fill(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
817                     unsigned int len, unsigned int idx)
818 {
819     VRingUsedElem uelem;
820 
821     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.used)) {
822         return;
823     }
824 
825     idx = (idx + vq->used_idx) % vq->vring.num;
826 
827     uelem.id = elem->index;
828     uelem.len = len;
829     vring_used_write(vq, &uelem, idx);
830 }
831 
832 static void virtqueue_packed_fill(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
833                                   unsigned int len, unsigned int idx)
834 {
835     vq->used_elems[idx].index = elem->index;
836     vq->used_elems[idx].len = len;
837     vq->used_elems[idx].ndescs = elem->ndescs;
838 }
839 
840 static void virtqueue_packed_fill_desc(VirtQueue *vq,
841                                        const VirtQueueElement *elem,
842                                        unsigned int idx,
843                                        bool strict_order)
844 {
845     uint16_t head;
846     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
847     VRingPackedDesc desc = {
848         .id = elem->index,
849         .len = elem->len,
850     };
851     bool wrap_counter = vq->used_wrap_counter;
852 
853     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc)) {
854         return;
855     }
856 
857     head = vq->used_idx + idx;
858     if (head >= vq->vring.num) {
859         head -= vq->vring.num;
860         wrap_counter ^= 1;
861     }
862     if (wrap_counter) {
863         desc.flags |= (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_AVAIL);
864         desc.flags |= (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_USED);
865     } else {
866         desc.flags &= ~(1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_AVAIL);
867         desc.flags &= ~(1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_USED);
868     }
869 
870     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
871     if (!caches) {
872         return;
873     }
874 
875     vring_packed_desc_write(vq->vdev, &desc, &caches->desc, head, strict_order);
876 }
877 
878 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
879 void virtqueue_fill(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
880                     unsigned int len, unsigned int idx)
881 {
882     trace_virtqueue_fill(vq, elem, len, idx);
883 
884     virtqueue_unmap_sg(vq, elem, len);
885 
886     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
887         return;
888     }
889 
890     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
891         virtqueue_packed_fill(vq, elem, len, idx);
892     } else {
893         virtqueue_split_fill(vq, elem, len, idx);
894     }
895 }
896 
897 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
898 static void virtqueue_split_flush(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int count)
899 {
900     uint16_t old, new;
901 
902     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.used)) {
903         return;
904     }
905 
906     /* Make sure buffer is written before we update index. */
907     smp_wmb();
908     trace_virtqueue_flush(vq, count);
909     old = vq->used_idx;
910     new = old + count;
911     vring_used_idx_set(vq, new);
912     vq->inuse -= count;
913     if (unlikely((int16_t)(new - vq->signalled_used) < (uint16_t)(new - old)))
914         vq->signalled_used_valid = false;
915 }
916 
917 static void virtqueue_packed_flush(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int count)
918 {
919     unsigned int i, ndescs = 0;
920 
921     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc)) {
922         return;
923     }
924 
925     for (i = 1; i < count; i++) {
926         virtqueue_packed_fill_desc(vq, &vq->used_elems[i], i, false);
927         ndescs += vq->used_elems[i].ndescs;
928     }
929     virtqueue_packed_fill_desc(vq, &vq->used_elems[0], 0, true);
930     ndescs += vq->used_elems[0].ndescs;
931 
932     vq->inuse -= ndescs;
933     vq->used_idx += ndescs;
934     if (vq->used_idx >= vq->vring.num) {
935         vq->used_idx -= vq->vring.num;
936         vq->used_wrap_counter ^= 1;
937         vq->signalled_used_valid = false;
938     }
939 }
940 
941 void virtqueue_flush(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int count)
942 {
943     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
944         vq->inuse -= count;
945         return;
946     }
947 
948     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
949         virtqueue_packed_flush(vq, count);
950     } else {
951         virtqueue_split_flush(vq, count);
952     }
953 }
954 
955 void virtqueue_push(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
956                     unsigned int len)
957 {
958     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
959     virtqueue_fill(vq, elem, len, 0);
960     virtqueue_flush(vq, 1);
961 }
962 
963 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
964 static int virtqueue_num_heads(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int idx)
965 {
966     uint16_t num_heads = vring_avail_idx(vq) - idx;
967 
968     /* Check it isn't doing very strange things with descriptor numbers. */
969     if (num_heads > vq->vring.num) {
970         virtio_error(vq->vdev, "Guest moved used index from %u to %u",
971                      idx, vq->shadow_avail_idx);
972         return -EINVAL;
973     }
974     /* On success, callers read a descriptor at vq->last_avail_idx.
975      * Make sure descriptor read does not bypass avail index read. */
976     if (num_heads) {
977         smp_rmb();
978     }
979 
980     return num_heads;
981 }
982 
983 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
984 static bool virtqueue_get_head(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int idx,
985                                unsigned int *head)
986 {
987     /* Grab the next descriptor number they're advertising, and increment
988      * the index we've seen. */
989     *head = vring_avail_ring(vq, idx % vq->vring.num);
990 
991     /* If their number is silly, that's a fatal mistake. */
992     if (*head >= vq->vring.num) {
993         virtio_error(vq->vdev, "Guest says index %u is available", *head);
994         return false;
995     }
996 
997     return true;
998 }
999 
1000 enum {
1001     VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_ERROR = -1,
1002     VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_DONE = 0,   /* end of chain */
1003     VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE = 1,   /* more buffers in chain */
1004 };
1005 
1006 static int virtqueue_split_read_next_desc(VirtIODevice *vdev, VRingDesc *desc,
1007                                           MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache,
1008                                           unsigned int max, unsigned int *next)
1009 {
1010     /* If this descriptor says it doesn't chain, we're done. */
1011     if (!(desc->flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT)) {
1012         return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_DONE;
1013     }
1014 
1015     /* Check they're not leading us off end of descriptors. */
1016     *next = desc->next;
1017     /* Make sure compiler knows to grab that: we don't want it changing! */
1018     smp_wmb();
1019 
1020     if (*next >= max) {
1021         virtio_error(vdev, "Desc next is %u", *next);
1022         return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_ERROR;
1023     }
1024 
1025     vring_split_desc_read(vdev, desc, desc_cache, *next);
1026     return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE;
1027 }
1028 
1029 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
1030 static void virtqueue_split_get_avail_bytes(VirtQueue *vq,
1031                             unsigned int *in_bytes, unsigned int *out_bytes,
1032                             unsigned max_in_bytes, unsigned max_out_bytes,
1033                             VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches)
1034 {
1035     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1036     unsigned int max, idx;
1037     unsigned int total_bufs, in_total, out_total;
1038     MemoryRegionCache indirect_desc_cache = MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID;
1039     int64_t len = 0;
1040     int rc;
1041 
1042     idx = vq->last_avail_idx;
1043     total_bufs = in_total = out_total = 0;
1044 
1045     max = vq->vring.num;
1046 
1047     while ((rc = virtqueue_num_heads(vq, idx)) > 0) {
1048         MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1049         unsigned int num_bufs;
1050         VRingDesc desc;
1051         unsigned int i;
1052 
1053         num_bufs = total_bufs;
1054 
1055         if (!virtqueue_get_head(vq, idx++, &i)) {
1056             goto err;
1057         }
1058 
1059         vring_split_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i);
1060 
1061         if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
1062             if (!desc.len || (desc.len % sizeof(VRingDesc))) {
1063                 virtio_error(vdev, "Invalid size for indirect buffer table");
1064                 goto err;
1065             }
1066 
1067             /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1068             if (num_bufs >= max) {
1069                 virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1070                 goto err;
1071             }
1072 
1073             /* loop over the indirect descriptor table */
1074             len = address_space_cache_init(&indirect_desc_cache,
1075                                            vdev->dma_as,
1076                                            desc.addr, desc.len, false);
1077             desc_cache = &indirect_desc_cache;
1078             if (len < desc.len) {
1079                 virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map indirect buffer");
1080                 goto err;
1081             }
1082 
1083             max = desc.len / sizeof(VRingDesc);
1084             num_bufs = i = 0;
1085             vring_split_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i);
1086         }
1087 
1088         do {
1089             /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1090             if (++num_bufs > max) {
1091                 virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1092                 goto err;
1093             }
1094 
1095             if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) {
1096                 in_total += desc.len;
1097             } else {
1098                 out_total += desc.len;
1099             }
1100             if (in_total >= max_in_bytes && out_total >= max_out_bytes) {
1101                 goto done;
1102             }
1103 
1104             rc = virtqueue_split_read_next_desc(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, max, &i);
1105         } while (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE);
1106 
1107         if (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_ERROR) {
1108             goto err;
1109         }
1110 
1111         if (desc_cache == &indirect_desc_cache) {
1112             address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1113             total_bufs++;
1114         } else {
1115             total_bufs = num_bufs;
1116         }
1117     }
1118 
1119     if (rc < 0) {
1120         goto err;
1121     }
1122 
1123 done:
1124     address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1125     if (in_bytes) {
1126         *in_bytes = in_total;
1127     }
1128     if (out_bytes) {
1129         *out_bytes = out_total;
1130     }
1131     return;
1132 
1133 err:
1134     in_total = out_total = 0;
1135     goto done;
1136 }
1137 
1138 static int virtqueue_packed_read_next_desc(VirtQueue *vq,
1139                                            VRingPackedDesc *desc,
1140                                            MemoryRegionCache
1141                                            *desc_cache,
1142                                            unsigned int max,
1143                                            unsigned int *next,
1144                                            bool indirect)
1145 {
1146     /* If this descriptor says it doesn't chain, we're done. */
1147     if (!indirect && !(desc->flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT)) {
1148         return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_DONE;
1149     }
1150 
1151     ++*next;
1152     if (*next == max) {
1153         if (indirect) {
1154             return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_DONE;
1155         } else {
1156             (*next) -= vq->vring.num;
1157         }
1158     }
1159 
1160     vring_packed_desc_read(vq->vdev, desc, desc_cache, *next, false);
1161     return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE;
1162 }
1163 
1164 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
1165 static void virtqueue_packed_get_avail_bytes(VirtQueue *vq,
1166                                              unsigned int *in_bytes,
1167                                              unsigned int *out_bytes,
1168                                              unsigned max_in_bytes,
1169                                              unsigned max_out_bytes,
1170                                              VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches)
1171 {
1172     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1173     unsigned int max, idx;
1174     unsigned int total_bufs, in_total, out_total;
1175     MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache;
1176     MemoryRegionCache indirect_desc_cache = MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID;
1177     int64_t len = 0;
1178     VRingPackedDesc desc;
1179     bool wrap_counter;
1180 
1181     idx = vq->last_avail_idx;
1182     wrap_counter = vq->last_avail_wrap_counter;
1183     total_bufs = in_total = out_total = 0;
1184 
1185     max = vq->vring.num;
1186 
1187     for (;;) {
1188         unsigned int num_bufs = total_bufs;
1189         unsigned int i = idx;
1190         int rc;
1191 
1192         desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1193         vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, idx, true);
1194         if (!is_desc_avail(desc.flags, wrap_counter)) {
1195             break;
1196         }
1197 
1198         if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
1199             if (desc.len % sizeof(VRingPackedDesc)) {
1200                 virtio_error(vdev, "Invalid size for indirect buffer table");
1201                 goto err;
1202             }
1203 
1204             /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1205             if (num_bufs >= max) {
1206                 virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1207                 goto err;
1208             }
1209 
1210             /* loop over the indirect descriptor table */
1211             len = address_space_cache_init(&indirect_desc_cache,
1212                                            vdev->dma_as,
1213                                            desc.addr, desc.len, false);
1214             desc_cache = &indirect_desc_cache;
1215             if (len < desc.len) {
1216                 virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map indirect buffer");
1217                 goto err;
1218             }
1219 
1220             max = desc.len / sizeof(VRingPackedDesc);
1221             num_bufs = i = 0;
1222             vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i, false);
1223         }
1224 
1225         do {
1226             /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1227             if (++num_bufs > max) {
1228                 virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1229                 goto err;
1230             }
1231 
1232             if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) {
1233                 in_total += desc.len;
1234             } else {
1235                 out_total += desc.len;
1236             }
1237             if (in_total >= max_in_bytes && out_total >= max_out_bytes) {
1238                 goto done;
1239             }
1240 
1241             rc = virtqueue_packed_read_next_desc(vq, &desc, desc_cache, max,
1242                                                  &i, desc_cache ==
1243                                                  &indirect_desc_cache);
1244         } while (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE);
1245 
1246         if (desc_cache == &indirect_desc_cache) {
1247             address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1248             total_bufs++;
1249             idx++;
1250         } else {
1251             idx += num_bufs - total_bufs;
1252             total_bufs = num_bufs;
1253         }
1254 
1255         if (idx >= vq->vring.num) {
1256             idx -= vq->vring.num;
1257             wrap_counter ^= 1;
1258         }
1259     }
1260 
1261     /* Record the index and wrap counter for a kick we want */
1262     vq->shadow_avail_idx = idx;
1263     vq->shadow_avail_wrap_counter = wrap_counter;
1264 done:
1265     address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1266     if (in_bytes) {
1267         *in_bytes = in_total;
1268     }
1269     if (out_bytes) {
1270         *out_bytes = out_total;
1271     }
1272     return;
1273 
1274 err:
1275     in_total = out_total = 0;
1276     goto done;
1277 }
1278 
1279 void virtqueue_get_avail_bytes(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int *in_bytes,
1280                                unsigned int *out_bytes,
1281                                unsigned max_in_bytes, unsigned max_out_bytes)
1282 {
1283     uint16_t desc_size;
1284     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1285 
1286     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
1287 
1288     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc)) {
1289         goto err;
1290     }
1291 
1292     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1293     if (!caches) {
1294         goto err;
1295     }
1296 
1297     desc_size = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED) ?
1298                                 sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) : sizeof(VRingDesc);
1299     if (caches->desc.len < vq->vring.num * desc_size) {
1300         virtio_error(vq->vdev, "Cannot map descriptor ring");
1301         goto err;
1302     }
1303 
1304     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1305         virtqueue_packed_get_avail_bytes(vq, in_bytes, out_bytes,
1306                                          max_in_bytes, max_out_bytes,
1307                                          caches);
1308     } else {
1309         virtqueue_split_get_avail_bytes(vq, in_bytes, out_bytes,
1310                                         max_in_bytes, max_out_bytes,
1311                                         caches);
1312     }
1313 
1314     return;
1315 err:
1316     if (in_bytes) {
1317         *in_bytes = 0;
1318     }
1319     if (out_bytes) {
1320         *out_bytes = 0;
1321     }
1322 }
1323 
1324 int virtqueue_avail_bytes(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int in_bytes,
1325                           unsigned int out_bytes)
1326 {
1327     unsigned int in_total, out_total;
1328 
1329     virtqueue_get_avail_bytes(vq, &in_total, &out_total, in_bytes, out_bytes);
1330     return in_bytes <= in_total && out_bytes <= out_total;
1331 }
1332 
1333 static bool virtqueue_map_desc(VirtIODevice *vdev, unsigned int *p_num_sg,
1334                                hwaddr *addr, struct iovec *iov,
1335                                unsigned int max_num_sg, bool is_write,
1336                                hwaddr pa, size_t sz)
1337 {
1338     bool ok = false;
1339     unsigned num_sg = *p_num_sg;
1340     assert(num_sg <= max_num_sg);
1341 
1342     if (!sz) {
1343         virtio_error(vdev, "virtio: zero sized buffers are not allowed");
1344         goto out;
1345     }
1346 
1347     while (sz) {
1348         hwaddr len = sz;
1349 
1350         if (num_sg == max_num_sg) {
1351             virtio_error(vdev, "virtio: too many write descriptors in "
1352                                "indirect table");
1353             goto out;
1354         }
1355 
1356         iov[num_sg].iov_base = dma_memory_map(vdev->dma_as, pa, &len,
1357                                               is_write ?
1358                                               DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE :
1359                                               DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE,
1360                                               MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
1361         if (!iov[num_sg].iov_base) {
1362             virtio_error(vdev, "virtio: bogus descriptor or out of resources");
1363             goto out;
1364         }
1365 
1366         iov[num_sg].iov_len = len;
1367         addr[num_sg] = pa;
1368 
1369         sz -= len;
1370         pa += len;
1371         num_sg++;
1372     }
1373     ok = true;
1374 
1375 out:
1376     *p_num_sg = num_sg;
1377     return ok;
1378 }
1379 
1380 /* Only used by error code paths before we have a VirtQueueElement (therefore
1381  * virtqueue_unmap_sg() can't be used).  Assumes buffers weren't written to
1382  * yet.
1383  */
1384 static void virtqueue_undo_map_desc(unsigned int out_num, unsigned int in_num,
1385                                     struct iovec *iov)
1386 {
1387     unsigned int i;
1388 
1389     for (i = 0; i < out_num + in_num; i++) {
1390         int is_write = i >= out_num;
1391 
1392         cpu_physical_memory_unmap(iov->iov_base, iov->iov_len, is_write, 0);
1393         iov++;
1394     }
1395 }
1396 
1397 static void virtqueue_map_iovec(VirtIODevice *vdev, struct iovec *sg,
1398                                 hwaddr *addr, unsigned int num_sg,
1399                                 bool is_write)
1400 {
1401     unsigned int i;
1402     hwaddr len;
1403 
1404     for (i = 0; i < num_sg; i++) {
1405         len = sg[i].iov_len;
1406         sg[i].iov_base = dma_memory_map(vdev->dma_as,
1407                                         addr[i], &len, is_write ?
1408                                         DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE :
1409                                         DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE,
1410                                         MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
1411         if (!sg[i].iov_base) {
1412             error_report("virtio: error trying to map MMIO memory");
1413             exit(1);
1414         }
1415         if (len != sg[i].iov_len) {
1416             error_report("virtio: unexpected memory split");
1417             exit(1);
1418         }
1419     }
1420 }
1421 
1422 void virtqueue_map(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueueElement *elem)
1423 {
1424     virtqueue_map_iovec(vdev, elem->in_sg, elem->in_addr, elem->in_num, true);
1425     virtqueue_map_iovec(vdev, elem->out_sg, elem->out_addr, elem->out_num,
1426                                                                         false);
1427 }
1428 
1429 static void *virtqueue_alloc_element(size_t sz, unsigned out_num, unsigned in_num)
1430 {
1431     VirtQueueElement *elem;
1432     size_t in_addr_ofs = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(sz, __alignof__(elem->in_addr[0]));
1433     size_t out_addr_ofs = in_addr_ofs + in_num * sizeof(elem->in_addr[0]);
1434     size_t out_addr_end = out_addr_ofs + out_num * sizeof(elem->out_addr[0]);
1435     size_t in_sg_ofs = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(out_addr_end, __alignof__(elem->in_sg[0]));
1436     size_t out_sg_ofs = in_sg_ofs + in_num * sizeof(elem->in_sg[0]);
1437     size_t out_sg_end = out_sg_ofs + out_num * sizeof(elem->out_sg[0]);
1438 
1439     assert(sz >= sizeof(VirtQueueElement));
1440     elem = g_malloc(out_sg_end);
1441     trace_virtqueue_alloc_element(elem, sz, in_num, out_num);
1442     elem->out_num = out_num;
1443     elem->in_num = in_num;
1444     elem->in_addr = (void *)elem + in_addr_ofs;
1445     elem->out_addr = (void *)elem + out_addr_ofs;
1446     elem->in_sg = (void *)elem + in_sg_ofs;
1447     elem->out_sg = (void *)elem + out_sg_ofs;
1448     return elem;
1449 }
1450 
1451 static void *virtqueue_split_pop(VirtQueue *vq, size_t sz)
1452 {
1453     unsigned int i, head, max;
1454     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1455     MemoryRegionCache indirect_desc_cache = MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID;
1456     MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache;
1457     int64_t len;
1458     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1459     VirtQueueElement *elem = NULL;
1460     unsigned out_num, in_num, elem_entries;
1461     hwaddr addr[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1462     struct iovec iov[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1463     VRingDesc desc;
1464     int rc;
1465 
1466     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
1467     if (virtio_queue_empty_rcu(vq)) {
1468         goto done;
1469     }
1470     /* Needed after virtio_queue_empty(), see comment in
1471      * virtqueue_num_heads(). */
1472     smp_rmb();
1473 
1474     /* When we start there are none of either input nor output. */
1475     out_num = in_num = elem_entries = 0;
1476 
1477     max = vq->vring.num;
1478 
1479     if (vq->inuse >= vq->vring.num) {
1480         virtio_error(vdev, "Virtqueue size exceeded");
1481         goto done;
1482     }
1483 
1484     if (!virtqueue_get_head(vq, vq->last_avail_idx++, &head)) {
1485         goto done;
1486     }
1487 
1488     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
1489         vring_set_avail_event(vq, vq->last_avail_idx);
1490     }
1491 
1492     i = head;
1493 
1494     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1495     if (!caches) {
1496         virtio_error(vdev, "Region caches not initialized");
1497         goto done;
1498     }
1499 
1500     if (caches->desc.len < max * sizeof(VRingDesc)) {
1501         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map descriptor ring");
1502         goto done;
1503     }
1504 
1505     desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1506     vring_split_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i);
1507     if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
1508         if (!desc.len || (desc.len % sizeof(VRingDesc))) {
1509             virtio_error(vdev, "Invalid size for indirect buffer table");
1510             goto done;
1511         }
1512 
1513         /* loop over the indirect descriptor table */
1514         len = address_space_cache_init(&indirect_desc_cache, vdev->dma_as,
1515                                        desc.addr, desc.len, false);
1516         desc_cache = &indirect_desc_cache;
1517         if (len < desc.len) {
1518             virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map indirect buffer");
1519             goto done;
1520         }
1521 
1522         max = desc.len / sizeof(VRingDesc);
1523         i = 0;
1524         vring_split_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i);
1525     }
1526 
1527     /* Collect all the descriptors */
1528     do {
1529         bool map_ok;
1530 
1531         if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) {
1532             map_ok = virtqueue_map_desc(vdev, &in_num, addr + out_num,
1533                                         iov + out_num,
1534                                         VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE - out_num, true,
1535                                         desc.addr, desc.len);
1536         } else {
1537             if (in_num) {
1538                 virtio_error(vdev, "Incorrect order for descriptors");
1539                 goto err_undo_map;
1540             }
1541             map_ok = virtqueue_map_desc(vdev, &out_num, addr, iov,
1542                                         VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE, false,
1543                                         desc.addr, desc.len);
1544         }
1545         if (!map_ok) {
1546             goto err_undo_map;
1547         }
1548 
1549         /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1550         if (++elem_entries > max) {
1551             virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1552             goto err_undo_map;
1553         }
1554 
1555         rc = virtqueue_split_read_next_desc(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, max, &i);
1556     } while (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE);
1557 
1558     if (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_ERROR) {
1559         goto err_undo_map;
1560     }
1561 
1562     /* Now copy what we have collected and mapped */
1563     elem = virtqueue_alloc_element(sz, out_num, in_num);
1564     elem->index = head;
1565     elem->ndescs = 1;
1566     for (i = 0; i < out_num; i++) {
1567         elem->out_addr[i] = addr[i];
1568         elem->out_sg[i] = iov[i];
1569     }
1570     for (i = 0; i < in_num; i++) {
1571         elem->in_addr[i] = addr[out_num + i];
1572         elem->in_sg[i] = iov[out_num + i];
1573     }
1574 
1575     vq->inuse++;
1576 
1577     trace_virtqueue_pop(vq, elem, elem->in_num, elem->out_num);
1578 done:
1579     address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1580 
1581     return elem;
1582 
1583 err_undo_map:
1584     virtqueue_undo_map_desc(out_num, in_num, iov);
1585     goto done;
1586 }
1587 
1588 static void *virtqueue_packed_pop(VirtQueue *vq, size_t sz)
1589 {
1590     unsigned int i, max;
1591     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1592     MemoryRegionCache indirect_desc_cache = MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID;
1593     MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache;
1594     int64_t len;
1595     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1596     VirtQueueElement *elem = NULL;
1597     unsigned out_num, in_num, elem_entries;
1598     hwaddr addr[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1599     struct iovec iov[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1600     VRingPackedDesc desc;
1601     uint16_t id;
1602     int rc;
1603 
1604     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
1605     if (virtio_queue_packed_empty_rcu(vq)) {
1606         goto done;
1607     }
1608 
1609     /* When we start there are none of either input nor output. */
1610     out_num = in_num = elem_entries = 0;
1611 
1612     max = vq->vring.num;
1613 
1614     if (vq->inuse >= vq->vring.num) {
1615         virtio_error(vdev, "Virtqueue size exceeded");
1616         goto done;
1617     }
1618 
1619     i = vq->last_avail_idx;
1620 
1621     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1622     if (!caches) {
1623         virtio_error(vdev, "Region caches not initialized");
1624         goto done;
1625     }
1626 
1627     if (caches->desc.len < max * sizeof(VRingDesc)) {
1628         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map descriptor ring");
1629         goto done;
1630     }
1631 
1632     desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1633     vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i, true);
1634     id = desc.id;
1635     if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
1636         if (desc.len % sizeof(VRingPackedDesc)) {
1637             virtio_error(vdev, "Invalid size for indirect buffer table");
1638             goto done;
1639         }
1640 
1641         /* loop over the indirect descriptor table */
1642         len = address_space_cache_init(&indirect_desc_cache, vdev->dma_as,
1643                                        desc.addr, desc.len, false);
1644         desc_cache = &indirect_desc_cache;
1645         if (len < desc.len) {
1646             virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map indirect buffer");
1647             goto done;
1648         }
1649 
1650         max = desc.len / sizeof(VRingPackedDesc);
1651         i = 0;
1652         vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i, false);
1653     }
1654 
1655     /* Collect all the descriptors */
1656     do {
1657         bool map_ok;
1658 
1659         if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) {
1660             map_ok = virtqueue_map_desc(vdev, &in_num, addr + out_num,
1661                                         iov + out_num,
1662                                         VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE - out_num, true,
1663                                         desc.addr, desc.len);
1664         } else {
1665             if (in_num) {
1666                 virtio_error(vdev, "Incorrect order for descriptors");
1667                 goto err_undo_map;
1668             }
1669             map_ok = virtqueue_map_desc(vdev, &out_num, addr, iov,
1670                                         VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE, false,
1671                                         desc.addr, desc.len);
1672         }
1673         if (!map_ok) {
1674             goto err_undo_map;
1675         }
1676 
1677         /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1678         if (++elem_entries > max) {
1679             virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1680             goto err_undo_map;
1681         }
1682 
1683         rc = virtqueue_packed_read_next_desc(vq, &desc, desc_cache, max, &i,
1684                                              desc_cache ==
1685                                              &indirect_desc_cache);
1686     } while (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE);
1687 
1688     /* Now copy what we have collected and mapped */
1689     elem = virtqueue_alloc_element(sz, out_num, in_num);
1690     for (i = 0; i < out_num; i++) {
1691         elem->out_addr[i] = addr[i];
1692         elem->out_sg[i] = iov[i];
1693     }
1694     for (i = 0; i < in_num; i++) {
1695         elem->in_addr[i] = addr[out_num + i];
1696         elem->in_sg[i] = iov[out_num + i];
1697     }
1698 
1699     elem->index = id;
1700     elem->ndescs = (desc_cache == &indirect_desc_cache) ? 1 : elem_entries;
1701     vq->last_avail_idx += elem->ndescs;
1702     vq->inuse += elem->ndescs;
1703 
1704     if (vq->last_avail_idx >= vq->vring.num) {
1705         vq->last_avail_idx -= vq->vring.num;
1706         vq->last_avail_wrap_counter ^= 1;
1707     }
1708 
1709     vq->shadow_avail_idx = vq->last_avail_idx;
1710     vq->shadow_avail_wrap_counter = vq->last_avail_wrap_counter;
1711 
1712     trace_virtqueue_pop(vq, elem, elem->in_num, elem->out_num);
1713 done:
1714     address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1715 
1716     return elem;
1717 
1718 err_undo_map:
1719     virtqueue_undo_map_desc(out_num, in_num, iov);
1720     goto done;
1721 }
1722 
1723 void *virtqueue_pop(VirtQueue *vq, size_t sz)
1724 {
1725     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
1726         return NULL;
1727     }
1728 
1729     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1730         return virtqueue_packed_pop(vq, sz);
1731     } else {
1732         return virtqueue_split_pop(vq, sz);
1733     }
1734 }
1735 
1736 static unsigned int virtqueue_packed_drop_all(VirtQueue *vq)
1737 {
1738     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1739     MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache;
1740     unsigned int dropped = 0;
1741     VirtQueueElement elem = {};
1742     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1743     VRingPackedDesc desc;
1744 
1745     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
1746 
1747     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1748     if (!caches) {
1749         return 0;
1750     }
1751 
1752     desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1753 
1754     virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 0);
1755 
1756     while (vq->inuse < vq->vring.num) {
1757         unsigned int idx = vq->last_avail_idx;
1758         /*
1759          * works similar to virtqueue_pop but does not map buffers
1760          * and does not allocate any memory.
1761          */
1762         vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache,
1763                                vq->last_avail_idx , true);
1764         if (!is_desc_avail(desc.flags, vq->last_avail_wrap_counter)) {
1765             break;
1766         }
1767         elem.index = desc.id;
1768         elem.ndescs = 1;
1769         while (virtqueue_packed_read_next_desc(vq, &desc, desc_cache,
1770                                                vq->vring.num, &idx, false)) {
1771             ++elem.ndescs;
1772         }
1773         /*
1774          * immediately push the element, nothing to unmap
1775          * as both in_num and out_num are set to 0.
1776          */
1777         virtqueue_push(vq, &elem, 0);
1778         dropped++;
1779         vq->last_avail_idx += elem.ndescs;
1780         if (vq->last_avail_idx >= vq->vring.num) {
1781             vq->last_avail_idx -= vq->vring.num;
1782             vq->last_avail_wrap_counter ^= 1;
1783         }
1784     }
1785 
1786     return dropped;
1787 }
1788 
1789 static unsigned int virtqueue_split_drop_all(VirtQueue *vq)
1790 {
1791     unsigned int dropped = 0;
1792     VirtQueueElement elem = {};
1793     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1794     bool fEventIdx = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX);
1795 
1796     while (!virtio_queue_empty(vq) && vq->inuse < vq->vring.num) {
1797         /* works similar to virtqueue_pop but does not map buffers
1798         * and does not allocate any memory */
1799         smp_rmb();
1800         if (!virtqueue_get_head(vq, vq->last_avail_idx, &elem.index)) {
1801             break;
1802         }
1803         vq->inuse++;
1804         vq->last_avail_idx++;
1805         if (fEventIdx) {
1806             vring_set_avail_event(vq, vq->last_avail_idx);
1807         }
1808         /* immediately push the element, nothing to unmap
1809          * as both in_num and out_num are set to 0 */
1810         virtqueue_push(vq, &elem, 0);
1811         dropped++;
1812     }
1813 
1814     return dropped;
1815 }
1816 
1817 /* virtqueue_drop_all:
1818  * @vq: The #VirtQueue
1819  * Drops all queued buffers and indicates them to the guest
1820  * as if they are done. Useful when buffers can not be
1821  * processed but must be returned to the guest.
1822  */
1823 unsigned int virtqueue_drop_all(VirtQueue *vq)
1824 {
1825     struct VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1826 
1827     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
1828         return 0;
1829     }
1830 
1831     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1832         return virtqueue_packed_drop_all(vq);
1833     } else {
1834         return virtqueue_split_drop_all(vq);
1835     }
1836 }
1837 
1838 /* Reading and writing a structure directly to QEMUFile is *awful*, but
1839  * it is what QEMU has always done by mistake.  We can change it sooner
1840  * or later by bumping the version number of the affected vm states.
1841  * In the meanwhile, since the in-memory layout of VirtQueueElement
1842  * has changed, we need to marshal to and from the layout that was
1843  * used before the change.
1844  */
1845 typedef struct VirtQueueElementOld {
1846     unsigned int index;
1847     unsigned int out_num;
1848     unsigned int in_num;
1849     hwaddr in_addr[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1850     hwaddr out_addr[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1851     struct iovec in_sg[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1852     struct iovec out_sg[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1853 } VirtQueueElementOld;
1854 
1855 void *qemu_get_virtqueue_element(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f, size_t sz)
1856 {
1857     VirtQueueElement *elem;
1858     VirtQueueElementOld data;
1859     int i;
1860 
1861     qemu_get_buffer(f, (uint8_t *)&data, sizeof(VirtQueueElementOld));
1862 
1863     /* TODO: teach all callers that this can fail, and return failure instead
1864      * of asserting here.
1865      * This is just one thing (there are probably more) that must be
1866      * fixed before we can allow NDEBUG compilation.
1867      */
1868     assert(ARRAY_SIZE(data.in_addr) >= data.in_num);
1869     assert(ARRAY_SIZE(data.out_addr) >= data.out_num);
1870 
1871     elem = virtqueue_alloc_element(sz, data.out_num, data.in_num);
1872     elem->index = data.index;
1873 
1874     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
1875         elem->in_addr[i] = data.in_addr[i];
1876     }
1877 
1878     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++) {
1879         elem->out_addr[i] = data.out_addr[i];
1880     }
1881 
1882     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
1883         /* Base is overwritten by virtqueue_map.  */
1884         elem->in_sg[i].iov_base = 0;
1885         elem->in_sg[i].iov_len = data.in_sg[i].iov_len;
1886     }
1887 
1888     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++) {
1889         /* Base is overwritten by virtqueue_map.  */
1890         elem->out_sg[i].iov_base = 0;
1891         elem->out_sg[i].iov_len = data.out_sg[i].iov_len;
1892     }
1893 
1894     if (virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1895         qemu_get_be32s(f, &elem->ndescs);
1896     }
1897 
1898     virtqueue_map(vdev, elem);
1899     return elem;
1900 }
1901 
1902 void qemu_put_virtqueue_element(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f,
1903                                 VirtQueueElement *elem)
1904 {
1905     VirtQueueElementOld data;
1906     int i;
1907 
1908     memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
1909     data.index = elem->index;
1910     data.in_num = elem->in_num;
1911     data.out_num = elem->out_num;
1912 
1913     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
1914         data.in_addr[i] = elem->in_addr[i];
1915     }
1916 
1917     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++) {
1918         data.out_addr[i] = elem->out_addr[i];
1919     }
1920 
1921     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
1922         /* Base is overwritten by virtqueue_map when loading.  Do not
1923          * save it, as it would leak the QEMU address space layout.  */
1924         data.in_sg[i].iov_len = elem->in_sg[i].iov_len;
1925     }
1926 
1927     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++) {
1928         /* Do not save iov_base as above.  */
1929         data.out_sg[i].iov_len = elem->out_sg[i].iov_len;
1930     }
1931 
1932     if (virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1933         qemu_put_be32s(f, &elem->ndescs);
1934     }
1935 
1936     qemu_put_buffer(f, (uint8_t *)&data, sizeof(VirtQueueElementOld));
1937 }
1938 
1939 /* virtio device */
1940 static void virtio_notify_vector(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint16_t vector)
1941 {
1942     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
1943     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
1944 
1945     if (virtio_device_disabled(vdev)) {
1946         return;
1947     }
1948 
1949     if (k->notify) {
1950         k->notify(qbus->parent, vector);
1951     }
1952 }
1953 
1954 void virtio_update_irq(VirtIODevice *vdev)
1955 {
1956     virtio_notify_vector(vdev, VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR);
1957 }
1958 
1959 static int virtio_validate_features(VirtIODevice *vdev)
1960 {
1961     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
1962 
1963     if (virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_IOMMU_PLATFORM) &&
1964         !virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_IOMMU_PLATFORM)) {
1965         return -EFAULT;
1966     }
1967 
1968     if (k->validate_features) {
1969         return k->validate_features(vdev);
1970     } else {
1971         return 0;
1972     }
1973 }
1974 
1975 int virtio_set_status(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint8_t val)
1976 {
1977     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
1978     trace_virtio_set_status(vdev, val);
1979 
1980     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
1981         if (!(vdev->status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_FEATURES_OK) &&
1982             val & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_FEATURES_OK) {
1983             int ret = virtio_validate_features(vdev);
1984 
1985             if (ret) {
1986                 return ret;
1987             }
1988         }
1989     }
1990 
1991     if ((vdev->status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK) !=
1992         (val & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK)) {
1993         virtio_set_started(vdev, val & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK);
1994     }
1995 
1996     if (k->set_status) {
1997         k->set_status(vdev, val);
1998     }
1999     vdev->status = val;
2000 
2001     return 0;
2002 }
2003 
2004 static enum virtio_device_endian virtio_default_endian(void)
2005 {
2006     if (target_words_bigendian()) {
2007         return VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_BIG;
2008     } else {
2009         return VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_LITTLE;
2010     }
2011 }
2012 
2013 static enum virtio_device_endian virtio_current_cpu_endian(void)
2014 {
2015     if (cpu_virtio_is_big_endian(current_cpu)) {
2016         return VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_BIG;
2017     } else {
2018         return VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_LITTLE;
2019     }
2020 }
2021 
2022 void virtio_reset(void *opaque)
2023 {
2024     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2025     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2026     int i;
2027 
2028     virtio_set_status(vdev, 0);
2029     if (current_cpu) {
2030         /* Guest initiated reset */
2031         vdev->device_endian = virtio_current_cpu_endian();
2032     } else {
2033         /* System reset */
2034         vdev->device_endian = virtio_default_endian();
2035     }
2036 
2037     if (k->reset) {
2038         k->reset(vdev);
2039     }
2040 
2041     vdev->start_on_kick = false;
2042     vdev->started = false;
2043     vdev->broken = false;
2044     vdev->guest_features = 0;
2045     vdev->queue_sel = 0;
2046     vdev->status = 0;
2047     vdev->disabled = false;
2048     qatomic_set(&vdev->isr, 0);
2049     vdev->config_vector = VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR;
2050     virtio_notify_vector(vdev, vdev->config_vector);
2051 
2052     for(i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2053         vdev->vq[i].vring.desc = 0;
2054         vdev->vq[i].vring.avail = 0;
2055         vdev->vq[i].vring.used = 0;
2056         vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx = 0;
2057         vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_idx = 0;
2058         vdev->vq[i].used_idx = 0;
2059         vdev->vq[i].last_avail_wrap_counter = true;
2060         vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_wrap_counter = true;
2061         vdev->vq[i].used_wrap_counter = true;
2062         virtio_queue_set_vector(vdev, i, VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR);
2063         vdev->vq[i].signalled_used = 0;
2064         vdev->vq[i].signalled_used_valid = false;
2065         vdev->vq[i].notification = true;
2066         vdev->vq[i].vring.num = vdev->vq[i].vring.num_default;
2067         vdev->vq[i].inuse = 0;
2068         virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(&vdev->vq[i]);
2069     }
2070 }
2071 
2072 uint32_t virtio_config_readb(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2073 {
2074     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2075     uint8_t val;
2076 
2077     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2078         return (uint32_t)-1;
2079     }
2080 
2081     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2082 
2083     val = ldub_p(vdev->config + addr);
2084     return val;
2085 }
2086 
2087 uint32_t virtio_config_readw(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2088 {
2089     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2090     uint16_t val;
2091 
2092     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2093         return (uint32_t)-1;
2094     }
2095 
2096     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2097 
2098     val = lduw_p(vdev->config + addr);
2099     return val;
2100 }
2101 
2102 uint32_t virtio_config_readl(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2103 {
2104     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2105     uint32_t val;
2106 
2107     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2108         return (uint32_t)-1;
2109     }
2110 
2111     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2112 
2113     val = ldl_p(vdev->config + addr);
2114     return val;
2115 }
2116 
2117 void virtio_config_writeb(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2118 {
2119     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2120     uint8_t val = data;
2121 
2122     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2123         return;
2124     }
2125 
2126     stb_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2127 
2128     if (k->set_config) {
2129         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2130     }
2131 }
2132 
2133 void virtio_config_writew(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2134 {
2135     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2136     uint16_t val = data;
2137 
2138     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2139         return;
2140     }
2141 
2142     stw_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2143 
2144     if (k->set_config) {
2145         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2146     }
2147 }
2148 
2149 void virtio_config_writel(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2150 {
2151     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2152     uint32_t val = data;
2153 
2154     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2155         return;
2156     }
2157 
2158     stl_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2159 
2160     if (k->set_config) {
2161         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2162     }
2163 }
2164 
2165 uint32_t virtio_config_modern_readb(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2166 {
2167     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2168     uint8_t val;
2169 
2170     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2171         return (uint32_t)-1;
2172     }
2173 
2174     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2175 
2176     val = ldub_p(vdev->config + addr);
2177     return val;
2178 }
2179 
2180 uint32_t virtio_config_modern_readw(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2181 {
2182     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2183     uint16_t val;
2184 
2185     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2186         return (uint32_t)-1;
2187     }
2188 
2189     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2190 
2191     val = lduw_le_p(vdev->config + addr);
2192     return val;
2193 }
2194 
2195 uint32_t virtio_config_modern_readl(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2196 {
2197     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2198     uint32_t val;
2199 
2200     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2201         return (uint32_t)-1;
2202     }
2203 
2204     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2205 
2206     val = ldl_le_p(vdev->config + addr);
2207     return val;
2208 }
2209 
2210 void virtio_config_modern_writeb(VirtIODevice *vdev,
2211                                  uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2212 {
2213     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2214     uint8_t val = data;
2215 
2216     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2217         return;
2218     }
2219 
2220     stb_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2221 
2222     if (k->set_config) {
2223         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2224     }
2225 }
2226 
2227 void virtio_config_modern_writew(VirtIODevice *vdev,
2228                                  uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2229 {
2230     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2231     uint16_t val = data;
2232 
2233     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2234         return;
2235     }
2236 
2237     stw_le_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2238 
2239     if (k->set_config) {
2240         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2241     }
2242 }
2243 
2244 void virtio_config_modern_writel(VirtIODevice *vdev,
2245                                  uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2246 {
2247     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2248     uint32_t val = data;
2249 
2250     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2251         return;
2252     }
2253 
2254     stl_le_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2255 
2256     if (k->set_config) {
2257         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2258     }
2259 }
2260 
2261 void virtio_queue_set_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, hwaddr addr)
2262 {
2263     if (!vdev->vq[n].vring.num) {
2264         return;
2265     }
2266     vdev->vq[n].vring.desc = addr;
2267     virtio_queue_update_rings(vdev, n);
2268 }
2269 
2270 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2271 {
2272     return vdev->vq[n].vring.desc;
2273 }
2274 
2275 void virtio_queue_set_rings(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, hwaddr desc,
2276                             hwaddr avail, hwaddr used)
2277 {
2278     if (!vdev->vq[n].vring.num) {
2279         return;
2280     }
2281     vdev->vq[n].vring.desc = desc;
2282     vdev->vq[n].vring.avail = avail;
2283     vdev->vq[n].vring.used = used;
2284     virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, n);
2285 }
2286 
2287 void virtio_queue_set_num(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, int num)
2288 {
2289     /* Don't allow guest to flip queue between existent and
2290      * nonexistent states, or to set it to an invalid size.
2291      */
2292     if (!!num != !!vdev->vq[n].vring.num ||
2293         num > VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE ||
2294         num < 0) {
2295         return;
2296     }
2297     vdev->vq[n].vring.num = num;
2298 }
2299 
2300 VirtQueue *virtio_vector_first_queue(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint16_t vector)
2301 {
2302     return QLIST_FIRST(&vdev->vector_queues[vector]);
2303 }
2304 
2305 VirtQueue *virtio_vector_next_queue(VirtQueue *vq)
2306 {
2307     return QLIST_NEXT(vq, node);
2308 }
2309 
2310 int virtio_queue_get_num(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2311 {
2312     return vdev->vq[n].vring.num;
2313 }
2314 
2315 int virtio_queue_get_max_num(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2316 {
2317     return vdev->vq[n].vring.num_default;
2318 }
2319 
2320 int virtio_get_num_queues(VirtIODevice *vdev)
2321 {
2322     int i;
2323 
2324     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2325         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, i)) {
2326             break;
2327         }
2328     }
2329 
2330     return i;
2331 }
2332 
2333 void virtio_queue_set_align(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, int align)
2334 {
2335     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2336     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2337 
2338     /* virtio-1 compliant devices cannot change the alignment */
2339     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
2340         error_report("tried to modify queue alignment for virtio-1 device");
2341         return;
2342     }
2343     /* Check that the transport told us it was going to do this
2344      * (so a buggy transport will immediately assert rather than
2345      * silently failing to migrate this state)
2346      */
2347     assert(k->has_variable_vring_alignment);
2348 
2349     if (align) {
2350         vdev->vq[n].vring.align = align;
2351         virtio_queue_update_rings(vdev, n);
2352     }
2353 }
2354 
2355 static void virtio_queue_notify_vq(VirtQueue *vq)
2356 {
2357     if (vq->vring.desc && vq->handle_output) {
2358         VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
2359 
2360         if (unlikely(vdev->broken)) {
2361             return;
2362         }
2363 
2364         trace_virtio_queue_notify(vdev, vq - vdev->vq, vq);
2365         vq->handle_output(vdev, vq);
2366 
2367         if (unlikely(vdev->start_on_kick)) {
2368             virtio_set_started(vdev, true);
2369         }
2370     }
2371 }
2372 
2373 void virtio_queue_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2374 {
2375     VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
2376 
2377     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc || vdev->broken)) {
2378         return;
2379     }
2380 
2381     trace_virtio_queue_notify(vdev, vq - vdev->vq, vq);
2382     if (vq->host_notifier_enabled) {
2383         event_notifier_set(&vq->host_notifier);
2384     } else if (vq->handle_output) {
2385         vq->handle_output(vdev, vq);
2386 
2387         if (unlikely(vdev->start_on_kick)) {
2388             virtio_set_started(vdev, true);
2389         }
2390     }
2391 }
2392 
2393 uint16_t virtio_queue_vector(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2394 {
2395     return n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX ? vdev->vq[n].vector :
2396         VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR;
2397 }
2398 
2399 void virtio_queue_set_vector(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, uint16_t vector)
2400 {
2401     VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
2402 
2403     if (n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX) {
2404         if (vdev->vector_queues &&
2405             vdev->vq[n].vector != VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR) {
2406             QLIST_REMOVE(vq, node);
2407         }
2408         vdev->vq[n].vector = vector;
2409         if (vdev->vector_queues &&
2410             vector != VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR) {
2411             QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->vector_queues[vector], vq, node);
2412         }
2413     }
2414 }
2415 
2416 VirtQueue *virtio_add_queue(VirtIODevice *vdev, int queue_size,
2417                             VirtIOHandleOutput handle_output)
2418 {
2419     int i;
2420 
2421     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2422         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0)
2423             break;
2424     }
2425 
2426     if (i == VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX || queue_size > VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE)
2427         abort();
2428 
2429     vdev->vq[i].vring.num = queue_size;
2430     vdev->vq[i].vring.num_default = queue_size;
2431     vdev->vq[i].vring.align = VIRTIO_PCI_VRING_ALIGN;
2432     vdev->vq[i].handle_output = handle_output;
2433     vdev->vq[i].used_elems = g_new0(VirtQueueElement, queue_size);
2434 
2435     return &vdev->vq[i];
2436 }
2437 
2438 void virtio_delete_queue(VirtQueue *vq)
2439 {
2440     vq->vring.num = 0;
2441     vq->vring.num_default = 0;
2442     vq->handle_output = NULL;
2443     g_free(vq->used_elems);
2444     vq->used_elems = NULL;
2445     virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(vq);
2446 }
2447 
2448 void virtio_del_queue(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2449 {
2450     if (n < 0 || n >= VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX) {
2451         abort();
2452     }
2453 
2454     virtio_delete_queue(&vdev->vq[n]);
2455 }
2456 
2457 static void virtio_set_isr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int value)
2458 {
2459     uint8_t old = qatomic_read(&vdev->isr);
2460 
2461     /* Do not write ISR if it does not change, so that its cacheline remains
2462      * shared in the common case where the guest does not read it.
2463      */
2464     if ((old & value) != value) {
2465         qatomic_or(&vdev->isr, value);
2466     }
2467 }
2468 
2469 /* Called within rcu_read_lock(). */
2470 static bool virtio_split_should_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2471 {
2472     uint16_t old, new;
2473     bool v;
2474     /* We need to expose used array entries before checking used event. */
2475     smp_mb();
2476     /* Always notify when queue is empty (when feature acknowledge) */
2477     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_NOTIFY_ON_EMPTY) &&
2478         !vq->inuse && virtio_queue_empty(vq)) {
2479         return true;
2480     }
2481 
2482     if (!virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
2483         return !(vring_avail_flags(vq) & VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT);
2484     }
2485 
2486     v = vq->signalled_used_valid;
2487     vq->signalled_used_valid = true;
2488     old = vq->signalled_used;
2489     new = vq->signalled_used = vq->used_idx;
2490     return !v || vring_need_event(vring_get_used_event(vq), new, old);
2491 }
2492 
2493 static bool vring_packed_need_event(VirtQueue *vq, bool wrap,
2494                                     uint16_t off_wrap, uint16_t new,
2495                                     uint16_t old)
2496 {
2497     int off = off_wrap & ~(1 << 15);
2498 
2499     if (wrap != off_wrap >> 15) {
2500         off -= vq->vring.num;
2501     }
2502 
2503     return vring_need_event(off, new, old);
2504 }
2505 
2506 /* Called within rcu_read_lock(). */
2507 static bool virtio_packed_should_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2508 {
2509     VRingPackedDescEvent e;
2510     uint16_t old, new;
2511     bool v;
2512     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
2513 
2514     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
2515     if (!caches) {
2516         return false;
2517     }
2518 
2519     vring_packed_event_read(vdev, &caches->avail, &e);
2520 
2521     old = vq->signalled_used;
2522     new = vq->signalled_used = vq->used_idx;
2523     v = vq->signalled_used_valid;
2524     vq->signalled_used_valid = true;
2525 
2526     if (e.flags == VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_DISABLE) {
2527         return false;
2528     } else if (e.flags == VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_ENABLE) {
2529         return true;
2530     }
2531 
2532     return !v || vring_packed_need_event(vq, vq->used_wrap_counter,
2533                                          e.off_wrap, new, old);
2534 }
2535 
2536 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
2537 static bool virtio_should_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2538 {
2539     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
2540         return virtio_packed_should_notify(vdev, vq);
2541     } else {
2542         return virtio_split_should_notify(vdev, vq);
2543     }
2544 }
2545 
2546 void virtio_notify_irqfd(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2547 {
2548     WITH_RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD() {
2549         if (!virtio_should_notify(vdev, vq)) {
2550             return;
2551         }
2552     }
2553 
2554     trace_virtio_notify_irqfd(vdev, vq);
2555 
2556     /*
2557      * virtio spec 1.0 says ISR bit 0 should be ignored with MSI, but
2558      * windows drivers included in virtio-win 1.8.0 (circa 2015) are
2559      * incorrectly polling this bit during crashdump and hibernation
2560      * in MSI mode, causing a hang if this bit is never updated.
2561      * Recent releases of Windows do not really shut down, but rather
2562      * log out and hibernate to make the next startup faster.  Hence,
2563      * this manifested as a more serious hang during shutdown with
2564      *
2565      * Next driver release from 2016 fixed this problem, so working around it
2566      * is not a must, but it's easy to do so let's do it here.
2567      *
2568      * Note: it's safe to update ISR from any thread as it was switched
2569      * to an atomic operation.
2570      */
2571     virtio_set_isr(vq->vdev, 0x1);
2572     event_notifier_set(&vq->guest_notifier);
2573 }
2574 
2575 static void virtio_irq(VirtQueue *vq)
2576 {
2577     virtio_set_isr(vq->vdev, 0x1);
2578     virtio_notify_vector(vq->vdev, vq->vector);
2579 }
2580 
2581 void virtio_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2582 {
2583     WITH_RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD() {
2584         if (!virtio_should_notify(vdev, vq)) {
2585             return;
2586         }
2587     }
2588 
2589     trace_virtio_notify(vdev, vq);
2590     virtio_irq(vq);
2591 }
2592 
2593 void virtio_notify_config(VirtIODevice *vdev)
2594 {
2595     if (!(vdev->status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK))
2596         return;
2597 
2598     virtio_set_isr(vdev, 0x3);
2599     vdev->generation++;
2600     virtio_notify_vector(vdev, vdev->config_vector);
2601 }
2602 
2603 static bool virtio_device_endian_needed(void *opaque)
2604 {
2605     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2606 
2607     assert(vdev->device_endian != VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN);
2608     if (!virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
2609         return vdev->device_endian != virtio_default_endian();
2610     }
2611     /* Devices conforming to VIRTIO 1.0 or later are always LE. */
2612     return vdev->device_endian != VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_LITTLE;
2613 }
2614 
2615 static bool virtio_64bit_features_needed(void *opaque)
2616 {
2617     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2618 
2619     return (vdev->host_features >> 32) != 0;
2620 }
2621 
2622 static bool virtio_virtqueue_needed(void *opaque)
2623 {
2624     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2625 
2626     return virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1);
2627 }
2628 
2629 static bool virtio_packed_virtqueue_needed(void *opaque)
2630 {
2631     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2632 
2633     return virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED);
2634 }
2635 
2636 static bool virtio_ringsize_needed(void *opaque)
2637 {
2638     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2639     int i;
2640 
2641     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2642         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num != vdev->vq[i].vring.num_default) {
2643             return true;
2644         }
2645     }
2646     return false;
2647 }
2648 
2649 static bool virtio_extra_state_needed(void *opaque)
2650 {
2651     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2652     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2653     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2654 
2655     return k->has_extra_state &&
2656         k->has_extra_state(qbus->parent);
2657 }
2658 
2659 static bool virtio_broken_needed(void *opaque)
2660 {
2661     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2662 
2663     return vdev->broken;
2664 }
2665 
2666 static bool virtio_started_needed(void *opaque)
2667 {
2668     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2669 
2670     return vdev->started;
2671 }
2672 
2673 static bool virtio_disabled_needed(void *opaque)
2674 {
2675     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2676 
2677     return vdev->disabled;
2678 }
2679 
2680 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtqueue = {
2681     .name = "virtqueue_state",
2682     .version_id = 1,
2683     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2684     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2685         VMSTATE_UINT64(vring.avail, struct VirtQueue),
2686         VMSTATE_UINT64(vring.used, struct VirtQueue),
2687         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2688     }
2689 };
2690 
2691 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_packed_virtqueue = {
2692     .name = "packed_virtqueue_state",
2693     .version_id = 1,
2694     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2695     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2696         VMSTATE_UINT16(last_avail_idx, struct VirtQueue),
2697         VMSTATE_BOOL(last_avail_wrap_counter, struct VirtQueue),
2698         VMSTATE_UINT16(used_idx, struct VirtQueue),
2699         VMSTATE_BOOL(used_wrap_counter, struct VirtQueue),
2700         VMSTATE_UINT32(inuse, struct VirtQueue),
2701         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2702     }
2703 };
2704 
2705 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_virtqueues = {
2706     .name = "virtio/virtqueues",
2707     .version_id = 1,
2708     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2709     .needed = &virtio_virtqueue_needed,
2710     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2711         VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_POINTER_KNOWN(vq, struct VirtIODevice,
2712                       VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX, 0, vmstate_virtqueue, VirtQueue),
2713         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2714     }
2715 };
2716 
2717 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_packed_virtqueues = {
2718     .name = "virtio/packed_virtqueues",
2719     .version_id = 1,
2720     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2721     .needed = &virtio_packed_virtqueue_needed,
2722     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2723         VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_POINTER_KNOWN(vq, struct VirtIODevice,
2724                       VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX, 0, vmstate_packed_virtqueue, VirtQueue),
2725         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2726     }
2727 };
2728 
2729 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_ringsize = {
2730     .name = "ringsize_state",
2731     .version_id = 1,
2732     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2733     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2734         VMSTATE_UINT32(vring.num_default, struct VirtQueue),
2735         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2736     }
2737 };
2738 
2739 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_ringsize = {
2740     .name = "virtio/ringsize",
2741     .version_id = 1,
2742     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2743     .needed = &virtio_ringsize_needed,
2744     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2745         VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_POINTER_KNOWN(vq, struct VirtIODevice,
2746                       VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX, 0, vmstate_ringsize, VirtQueue),
2747         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2748     }
2749 };
2750 
2751 static int get_extra_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size,
2752                            const VMStateField *field)
2753 {
2754     VirtIODevice *vdev = pv;
2755     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2756     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2757 
2758     if (!k->load_extra_state) {
2759         return -1;
2760     } else {
2761         return k->load_extra_state(qbus->parent, f);
2762     }
2763 }
2764 
2765 static int put_extra_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size,
2766                            const VMStateField *field, JSONWriter *vmdesc)
2767 {
2768     VirtIODevice *vdev = pv;
2769     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2770     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2771 
2772     k->save_extra_state(qbus->parent, f);
2773     return 0;
2774 }
2775 
2776 static const VMStateInfo vmstate_info_extra_state = {
2777     .name = "virtqueue_extra_state",
2778     .get = get_extra_state,
2779     .put = put_extra_state,
2780 };
2781 
2782 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_extra_state = {
2783     .name = "virtio/extra_state",
2784     .version_id = 1,
2785     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2786     .needed = &virtio_extra_state_needed,
2787     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2788         {
2789             .name         = "extra_state",
2790             .version_id   = 0,
2791             .field_exists = NULL,
2792             .size         = 0,
2793             .info         = &vmstate_info_extra_state,
2794             .flags        = VMS_SINGLE,
2795             .offset       = 0,
2796         },
2797         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2798     }
2799 };
2800 
2801 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_device_endian = {
2802     .name = "virtio/device_endian",
2803     .version_id = 1,
2804     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2805     .needed = &virtio_device_endian_needed,
2806     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2807         VMSTATE_UINT8(device_endian, VirtIODevice),
2808         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2809     }
2810 };
2811 
2812 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_64bit_features = {
2813     .name = "virtio/64bit_features",
2814     .version_id = 1,
2815     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2816     .needed = &virtio_64bit_features_needed,
2817     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2818         VMSTATE_UINT64(guest_features, VirtIODevice),
2819         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2820     }
2821 };
2822 
2823 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_broken = {
2824     .name = "virtio/broken",
2825     .version_id = 1,
2826     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2827     .needed = &virtio_broken_needed,
2828     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2829         VMSTATE_BOOL(broken, VirtIODevice),
2830         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2831     }
2832 };
2833 
2834 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_started = {
2835     .name = "virtio/started",
2836     .version_id = 1,
2837     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2838     .needed = &virtio_started_needed,
2839     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2840         VMSTATE_BOOL(started, VirtIODevice),
2841         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2842     }
2843 };
2844 
2845 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_disabled = {
2846     .name = "virtio/disabled",
2847     .version_id = 1,
2848     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2849     .needed = &virtio_disabled_needed,
2850     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2851         VMSTATE_BOOL(disabled, VirtIODevice),
2852         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2853     }
2854 };
2855 
2856 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio = {
2857     .name = "virtio",
2858     .version_id = 1,
2859     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2860     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2861         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2862     },
2863     .subsections = (const VMStateDescription*[]) {
2864         &vmstate_virtio_device_endian,
2865         &vmstate_virtio_64bit_features,
2866         &vmstate_virtio_virtqueues,
2867         &vmstate_virtio_ringsize,
2868         &vmstate_virtio_broken,
2869         &vmstate_virtio_extra_state,
2870         &vmstate_virtio_started,
2871         &vmstate_virtio_packed_virtqueues,
2872         &vmstate_virtio_disabled,
2873         NULL
2874     }
2875 };
2876 
2877 int virtio_save(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f)
2878 {
2879     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2880     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2881     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2882     uint32_t guest_features_lo = (vdev->guest_features & 0xffffffff);
2883     int i;
2884 
2885     if (k->save_config) {
2886         k->save_config(qbus->parent, f);
2887     }
2888 
2889     qemu_put_8s(f, &vdev->status);
2890     qemu_put_8s(f, &vdev->isr);
2891     qemu_put_be16s(f, &vdev->queue_sel);
2892     qemu_put_be32s(f, &guest_features_lo);
2893     qemu_put_be32(f, vdev->config_len);
2894     qemu_put_buffer(f, vdev->config, vdev->config_len);
2895 
2896     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2897         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0)
2898             break;
2899     }
2900 
2901     qemu_put_be32(f, i);
2902 
2903     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2904         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0)
2905             break;
2906 
2907         qemu_put_be32(f, vdev->vq[i].vring.num);
2908         if (k->has_variable_vring_alignment) {
2909             qemu_put_be32(f, vdev->vq[i].vring.align);
2910         }
2911         /*
2912          * Save desc now, the rest of the ring addresses are saved in
2913          * subsections for VIRTIO-1 devices.
2914          */
2915         qemu_put_be64(f, vdev->vq[i].vring.desc);
2916         qemu_put_be16s(f, &vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx);
2917         if (k->save_queue) {
2918             k->save_queue(qbus->parent, i, f);
2919         }
2920     }
2921 
2922     if (vdc->save != NULL) {
2923         vdc->save(vdev, f);
2924     }
2925 
2926     if (vdc->vmsd) {
2927         int ret = vmstate_save_state(f, vdc->vmsd, vdev, NULL);
2928         if (ret) {
2929             return ret;
2930         }
2931     }
2932 
2933     /* Subsections */
2934     return vmstate_save_state(f, &vmstate_virtio, vdev, NULL);
2935 }
2936 
2937 /* A wrapper for use as a VMState .put function */
2938 static int virtio_device_put(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, size_t size,
2939                               const VMStateField *field, JSONWriter *vmdesc)
2940 {
2941     return virtio_save(VIRTIO_DEVICE(opaque), f);
2942 }
2943 
2944 /* A wrapper for use as a VMState .get function */
2945 static int virtio_device_get(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, size_t size,
2946                              const VMStateField *field)
2947 {
2948     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(opaque);
2949     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev));
2950 
2951     return virtio_load(vdev, f, dc->vmsd->version_id);
2952 }
2953 
2954 const VMStateInfo  virtio_vmstate_info = {
2955     .name = "virtio",
2956     .get = virtio_device_get,
2957     .put = virtio_device_put,
2958 };
2959 
2960 static int virtio_set_features_nocheck(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint64_t val)
2961 {
2962     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2963     bool bad = (val & ~(vdev->host_features)) != 0;
2964 
2965     val &= vdev->host_features;
2966     if (k->set_features) {
2967         k->set_features(vdev, val);
2968     }
2969     vdev->guest_features = val;
2970     return bad ? -1 : 0;
2971 }
2972 
2973 int virtio_set_features(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint64_t val)
2974 {
2975     int ret;
2976     /*
2977      * The driver must not attempt to set features after feature negotiation
2978      * has finished.
2979      */
2980     if (vdev->status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_FEATURES_OK) {
2981         return -EINVAL;
2982     }
2983     ret = virtio_set_features_nocheck(vdev, val);
2984     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
2985         /* VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX changes the size of the caches.  */
2986         int i;
2987         for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2988             if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num != 0) {
2989                 virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, i);
2990             }
2991         }
2992     }
2993     if (!ret) {
2994         if (!virtio_device_started(vdev, vdev->status) &&
2995             !virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
2996             vdev->start_on_kick = true;
2997         }
2998     }
2999     return ret;
3000 }
3001 
3002 size_t virtio_feature_get_config_size(const VirtIOFeature *feature_sizes,
3003                                       uint64_t host_features)
3004 {
3005     size_t config_size = 0;
3006     int i;
3007 
3008     for (i = 0; feature_sizes[i].flags != 0; i++) {
3009         if (host_features & feature_sizes[i].flags) {
3010             config_size = MAX(feature_sizes[i].end, config_size);
3011         }
3012     }
3013 
3014     return config_size;
3015 }
3016 
3017 int virtio_load(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f, int version_id)
3018 {
3019     int i, ret;
3020     int32_t config_len;
3021     uint32_t num;
3022     uint32_t features;
3023     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3024     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3025     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
3026 
3027     /*
3028      * We poison the endianness to ensure it does not get used before
3029      * subsections have been loaded.
3030      */
3031     vdev->device_endian = VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN;
3032 
3033     if (k->load_config) {
3034         ret = k->load_config(qbus->parent, f);
3035         if (ret)
3036             return ret;
3037     }
3038 
3039     qemu_get_8s(f, &vdev->status);
3040     qemu_get_8s(f, &vdev->isr);
3041     qemu_get_be16s(f, &vdev->queue_sel);
3042     if (vdev->queue_sel >= VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX) {
3043         return -1;
3044     }
3045     qemu_get_be32s(f, &features);
3046 
3047     /*
3048      * Temporarily set guest_features low bits - needed by
3049      * virtio net load code testing for VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_GUEST_OFFLOADS
3050      * VIRTIO_NET_F_GUEST_ANNOUNCE and VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_VQ.
3051      *
3052      * Note: devices should always test host features in future - don't create
3053      * new dependencies like this.
3054      */
3055     vdev->guest_features = features;
3056 
3057     config_len = qemu_get_be32(f);
3058 
3059     /*
3060      * There are cases where the incoming config can be bigger or smaller
3061      * than what we have; so load what we have space for, and skip
3062      * any excess that's in the stream.
3063      */
3064     qemu_get_buffer(f, vdev->config, MIN(config_len, vdev->config_len));
3065 
3066     while (config_len > vdev->config_len) {
3067         qemu_get_byte(f);
3068         config_len--;
3069     }
3070 
3071     num = qemu_get_be32(f);
3072 
3073     if (num > VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX) {
3074         error_report("Invalid number of virtqueues: 0x%x", num);
3075         return -1;
3076     }
3077 
3078     for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
3079         vdev->vq[i].vring.num = qemu_get_be32(f);
3080         if (k->has_variable_vring_alignment) {
3081             vdev->vq[i].vring.align = qemu_get_be32(f);
3082         }
3083         vdev->vq[i].vring.desc = qemu_get_be64(f);
3084         qemu_get_be16s(f, &vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx);
3085         vdev->vq[i].signalled_used_valid = false;
3086         vdev->vq[i].notification = true;
3087 
3088         if (!vdev->vq[i].vring.desc && vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx) {
3089             error_report("VQ %d address 0x0 "
3090                          "inconsistent with Host index 0x%x",
3091                          i, vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx);
3092             return -1;
3093         }
3094         if (k->load_queue) {
3095             ret = k->load_queue(qbus->parent, i, f);
3096             if (ret)
3097                 return ret;
3098         }
3099     }
3100 
3101     virtio_notify_vector(vdev, VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR);
3102 
3103     if (vdc->load != NULL) {
3104         ret = vdc->load(vdev, f, version_id);
3105         if (ret) {
3106             return ret;
3107         }
3108     }
3109 
3110     if (vdc->vmsd) {
3111         ret = vmstate_load_state(f, vdc->vmsd, vdev, version_id);
3112         if (ret) {
3113             return ret;
3114         }
3115     }
3116 
3117     /* Subsections */
3118     ret = vmstate_load_state(f, &vmstate_virtio, vdev, 1);
3119     if (ret) {
3120         return ret;
3121     }
3122 
3123     if (vdev->device_endian == VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN) {
3124         vdev->device_endian = virtio_default_endian();
3125     }
3126 
3127     if (virtio_64bit_features_needed(vdev)) {
3128         /*
3129          * Subsection load filled vdev->guest_features.  Run them
3130          * through virtio_set_features to sanity-check them against
3131          * host_features.
3132          */
3133         uint64_t features64 = vdev->guest_features;
3134         if (virtio_set_features_nocheck(vdev, features64) < 0) {
3135             error_report("Features 0x%" PRIx64 " unsupported. "
3136                          "Allowed features: 0x%" PRIx64,
3137                          features64, vdev->host_features);
3138             return -1;
3139         }
3140     } else {
3141         if (virtio_set_features_nocheck(vdev, features) < 0) {
3142             error_report("Features 0x%x unsupported. "
3143                          "Allowed features: 0x%" PRIx64,
3144                          features, vdev->host_features);
3145             return -1;
3146         }
3147     }
3148 
3149     if (!virtio_device_started(vdev, vdev->status) &&
3150         !virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
3151         vdev->start_on_kick = true;
3152     }
3153 
3154     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
3155     for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
3156         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.desc) {
3157             uint16_t nheads;
3158 
3159             /*
3160              * VIRTIO-1 devices migrate desc, used, and avail ring addresses so
3161              * only the region cache needs to be set up.  Legacy devices need
3162              * to calculate used and avail ring addresses based on the desc
3163              * address.
3164              */
3165             if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
3166                 virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, i);
3167             } else {
3168                 virtio_queue_update_rings(vdev, i);
3169             }
3170 
3171             if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3172                 vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_idx = vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx;
3173                 vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_wrap_counter =
3174                                         vdev->vq[i].last_avail_wrap_counter;
3175                 continue;
3176             }
3177 
3178             nheads = vring_avail_idx(&vdev->vq[i]) - vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx;
3179             /* Check it isn't doing strange things with descriptor numbers. */
3180             if (nheads > vdev->vq[i].vring.num) {
3181                 virtio_error(vdev, "VQ %d size 0x%x Guest index 0x%x "
3182                              "inconsistent with Host index 0x%x: delta 0x%x",
3183                              i, vdev->vq[i].vring.num,
3184                              vring_avail_idx(&vdev->vq[i]),
3185                              vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx, nheads);
3186                 vdev->vq[i].used_idx = 0;
3187                 vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_idx = 0;
3188                 vdev->vq[i].inuse = 0;
3189                 continue;
3190             }
3191             vdev->vq[i].used_idx = vring_used_idx(&vdev->vq[i]);
3192             vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_idx = vring_avail_idx(&vdev->vq[i]);
3193 
3194             /*
3195              * Some devices migrate VirtQueueElements that have been popped
3196              * from the avail ring but not yet returned to the used ring.
3197              * Since max ring size < UINT16_MAX it's safe to use modulo
3198              * UINT16_MAX + 1 subtraction.
3199              */
3200             vdev->vq[i].inuse = (uint16_t)(vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx -
3201                                 vdev->vq[i].used_idx);
3202             if (vdev->vq[i].inuse > vdev->vq[i].vring.num) {
3203                 error_report("VQ %d size 0x%x < last_avail_idx 0x%x - "
3204                              "used_idx 0x%x",
3205                              i, vdev->vq[i].vring.num,
3206                              vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx,
3207                              vdev->vq[i].used_idx);
3208                 return -1;
3209             }
3210         }
3211     }
3212 
3213     if (vdc->post_load) {
3214         ret = vdc->post_load(vdev);
3215         if (ret) {
3216             return ret;
3217         }
3218     }
3219 
3220     return 0;
3221 }
3222 
3223 void virtio_cleanup(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3224 {
3225     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(vdev->vmstate);
3226 }
3227 
3228 static void virtio_vmstate_change(void *opaque, bool running, RunState state)
3229 {
3230     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
3231     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3232     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3233     bool backend_run = running && virtio_device_started(vdev, vdev->status);
3234     vdev->vm_running = running;
3235 
3236     if (backend_run) {
3237         virtio_set_status(vdev, vdev->status);
3238     }
3239 
3240     if (k->vmstate_change) {
3241         k->vmstate_change(qbus->parent, backend_run);
3242     }
3243 
3244     if (!backend_run) {
3245         virtio_set_status(vdev, vdev->status);
3246     }
3247 }
3248 
3249 void virtio_instance_init_common(Object *proxy_obj, void *data,
3250                                  size_t vdev_size, const char *vdev_name)
3251 {
3252     DeviceState *vdev = data;
3253 
3254     object_initialize_child_with_props(proxy_obj, "virtio-backend", vdev,
3255                                        vdev_size, vdev_name, &error_abort,
3256                                        NULL);
3257     qdev_alias_all_properties(vdev, proxy_obj);
3258 }
3259 
3260 void virtio_init(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint16_t device_id, size_t config_size)
3261 {
3262     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3263     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3264     int i;
3265     int nvectors = k->query_nvectors ? k->query_nvectors(qbus->parent) : 0;
3266 
3267     if (nvectors) {
3268         vdev->vector_queues =
3269             g_malloc0(sizeof(*vdev->vector_queues) * nvectors);
3270     }
3271 
3272     vdev->start_on_kick = false;
3273     vdev->started = false;
3274     vdev->vhost_started = false;
3275     vdev->device_id = device_id;
3276     vdev->status = 0;
3277     qatomic_set(&vdev->isr, 0);
3278     vdev->queue_sel = 0;
3279     vdev->config_vector = VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR;
3280     vdev->vq = g_new0(VirtQueue, VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX);
3281     vdev->vm_running = runstate_is_running();
3282     vdev->broken = false;
3283     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
3284         vdev->vq[i].vector = VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR;
3285         vdev->vq[i].vdev = vdev;
3286         vdev->vq[i].queue_index = i;
3287         vdev->vq[i].host_notifier_enabled = false;
3288     }
3289 
3290     vdev->name = virtio_id_to_name(device_id);
3291     vdev->config_len = config_size;
3292     if (vdev->config_len) {
3293         vdev->config = g_malloc0(config_size);
3294     } else {
3295         vdev->config = NULL;
3296     }
3297     vdev->vmstate = qdev_add_vm_change_state_handler(DEVICE(vdev),
3298             virtio_vmstate_change, vdev);
3299     vdev->device_endian = virtio_default_endian();
3300     vdev->use_guest_notifier_mask = true;
3301 }
3302 
3303 /*
3304  * Only devices that have already been around prior to defining the virtio
3305  * standard support legacy mode; this includes devices not specified in the
3306  * standard. All newer devices conform to the virtio standard only.
3307  */
3308 bool virtio_legacy_allowed(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3309 {
3310     switch (vdev->device_id) {
3311     case VIRTIO_ID_NET:
3312     case VIRTIO_ID_BLOCK:
3313     case VIRTIO_ID_CONSOLE:
3314     case VIRTIO_ID_RNG:
3315     case VIRTIO_ID_BALLOON:
3316     case VIRTIO_ID_RPMSG:
3317     case VIRTIO_ID_SCSI:
3318     case VIRTIO_ID_9P:
3319     case VIRTIO_ID_RPROC_SERIAL:
3320     case VIRTIO_ID_CAIF:
3321         return true;
3322     default:
3323         return false;
3324     }
3325 }
3326 
3327 bool virtio_legacy_check_disabled(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3328 {
3329     return vdev->disable_legacy_check;
3330 }
3331 
3332 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_desc_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3333 {
3334     return vdev->vq[n].vring.desc;
3335 }
3336 
3337 bool virtio_queue_enabled_legacy(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3338 {
3339     return virtio_queue_get_desc_addr(vdev, n) != 0;
3340 }
3341 
3342 bool virtio_queue_enabled(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3343 {
3344     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3345     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3346 
3347     if (k->queue_enabled) {
3348         return k->queue_enabled(qbus->parent, n);
3349     }
3350     return virtio_queue_enabled_legacy(vdev, n);
3351 }
3352 
3353 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_avail_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3354 {
3355     return vdev->vq[n].vring.avail;
3356 }
3357 
3358 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_used_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3359 {
3360     return vdev->vq[n].vring.used;
3361 }
3362 
3363 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_desc_size(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3364 {
3365     return sizeof(VRingDesc) * vdev->vq[n].vring.num;
3366 }
3367 
3368 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_avail_size(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3369 {
3370     int s;
3371 
3372     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3373         return sizeof(struct VRingPackedDescEvent);
3374     }
3375 
3376     s = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX) ? 2 : 0;
3377     return offsetof(VRingAvail, ring) +
3378         sizeof(uint16_t) * vdev->vq[n].vring.num + s;
3379 }
3380 
3381 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_used_size(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3382 {
3383     int s;
3384 
3385     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3386         return sizeof(struct VRingPackedDescEvent);
3387     }
3388 
3389     s = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX) ? 2 : 0;
3390     return offsetof(VRingUsed, ring) +
3391         sizeof(VRingUsedElem) * vdev->vq[n].vring.num + s;
3392 }
3393 
3394 static unsigned int virtio_queue_packed_get_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3395                                                            int n)
3396 {
3397     unsigned int avail, used;
3398 
3399     avail = vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx;
3400     avail |= ((uint16_t)vdev->vq[n].last_avail_wrap_counter) << 15;
3401 
3402     used = vdev->vq[n].used_idx;
3403     used |= ((uint16_t)vdev->vq[n].used_wrap_counter) << 15;
3404 
3405     return avail | used << 16;
3406 }
3407 
3408 static uint16_t virtio_queue_split_get_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3409                                                       int n)
3410 {
3411     return vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx;
3412 }
3413 
3414 unsigned int virtio_queue_get_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3415 {
3416     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3417         return virtio_queue_packed_get_last_avail_idx(vdev, n);
3418     } else {
3419         return virtio_queue_split_get_last_avail_idx(vdev, n);
3420     }
3421 }
3422 
3423 static void virtio_queue_packed_set_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3424                                                    int n, unsigned int idx)
3425 {
3426     struct VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3427 
3428     vq->last_avail_idx = vq->shadow_avail_idx = idx & 0x7fff;
3429     vq->last_avail_wrap_counter =
3430         vq->shadow_avail_wrap_counter = !!(idx & 0x8000);
3431     idx >>= 16;
3432     vq->used_idx = idx & 0x7ffff;
3433     vq->used_wrap_counter = !!(idx & 0x8000);
3434 }
3435 
3436 static void virtio_queue_split_set_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3437                                                   int n, unsigned int idx)
3438 {
3439         vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx = idx;
3440         vdev->vq[n].shadow_avail_idx = idx;
3441 }
3442 
3443 void virtio_queue_set_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n,
3444                                      unsigned int idx)
3445 {
3446     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3447         virtio_queue_packed_set_last_avail_idx(vdev, n, idx);
3448     } else {
3449         virtio_queue_split_set_last_avail_idx(vdev, n, idx);
3450     }
3451 }
3452 
3453 static void virtio_queue_packed_restore_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3454                                                        int n)
3455 {
3456     /* We don't have a reference like avail idx in shared memory */
3457     return;
3458 }
3459 
3460 static void virtio_queue_split_restore_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3461                                                       int n)
3462 {
3463     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
3464     if (vdev->vq[n].vring.desc) {
3465         vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx = vring_used_idx(&vdev->vq[n]);
3466         vdev->vq[n].shadow_avail_idx = vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx;
3467     }
3468 }
3469 
3470 void virtio_queue_restore_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3471 {
3472     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3473         virtio_queue_packed_restore_last_avail_idx(vdev, n);
3474     } else {
3475         virtio_queue_split_restore_last_avail_idx(vdev, n);
3476     }
3477 }
3478 
3479 static void virtio_queue_packed_update_used_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3480 {
3481     /* used idx was updated through set_last_avail_idx() */
3482     return;
3483 }
3484 
3485 static void virtio_split_packed_update_used_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3486 {
3487     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
3488     if (vdev->vq[n].vring.desc) {
3489         vdev->vq[n].used_idx = vring_used_idx(&vdev->vq[n]);
3490     }
3491 }
3492 
3493 void virtio_queue_update_used_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3494 {
3495     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3496         return virtio_queue_packed_update_used_idx(vdev, n);
3497     } else {
3498         return virtio_split_packed_update_used_idx(vdev, n);
3499     }
3500 }
3501 
3502 void virtio_queue_invalidate_signalled_used(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3503 {
3504     vdev->vq[n].signalled_used_valid = false;
3505 }
3506 
3507 VirtQueue *virtio_get_queue(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3508 {
3509     return vdev->vq + n;
3510 }
3511 
3512 uint16_t virtio_get_queue_index(VirtQueue *vq)
3513 {
3514     return vq->queue_index;
3515 }
3516 
3517 static void virtio_queue_guest_notifier_read(EventNotifier *n)
3518 {
3519     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, guest_notifier);
3520     if (event_notifier_test_and_clear(n)) {
3521         virtio_irq(vq);
3522     }
3523 }
3524 
3525 void virtio_queue_set_guest_notifier_fd_handler(VirtQueue *vq, bool assign,
3526                                                 bool with_irqfd)
3527 {
3528     if (assign && !with_irqfd) {
3529         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->guest_notifier,
3530                                    virtio_queue_guest_notifier_read);
3531     } else {
3532         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->guest_notifier, NULL);
3533     }
3534     if (!assign) {
3535         /* Test and clear notifier before closing it,
3536          * in case poll callback didn't have time to run. */
3537         virtio_queue_guest_notifier_read(&vq->guest_notifier);
3538     }
3539 }
3540 
3541 EventNotifier *virtio_queue_get_guest_notifier(VirtQueue *vq)
3542 {
3543     return &vq->guest_notifier;
3544 }
3545 
3546 static void virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_begin(EventNotifier *n)
3547 {
3548     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3549 
3550     virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 0);
3551 }
3552 
3553 static bool virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll(void *opaque)
3554 {
3555     EventNotifier *n = opaque;
3556     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3557 
3558     return vq->vring.desc && !virtio_queue_empty(vq);
3559 }
3560 
3561 static void virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_ready(EventNotifier *n)
3562 {
3563     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3564 
3565     virtio_queue_notify_vq(vq);
3566 }
3567 
3568 static void virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_end(EventNotifier *n)
3569 {
3570     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3571 
3572     /* Caller polls once more after this to catch requests that race with us */
3573     virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 1);
3574 }
3575 
3576 void virtio_queue_aio_attach_host_notifier(VirtQueue *vq, AioContext *ctx)
3577 {
3578     aio_set_event_notifier(ctx, &vq->host_notifier, true,
3579                            virtio_queue_host_notifier_read,
3580                            virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll,
3581                            virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_ready);
3582     aio_set_event_notifier_poll(ctx, &vq->host_notifier,
3583                                 virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_begin,
3584                                 virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_end);
3585 }
3586 
3587 /*
3588  * Same as virtio_queue_aio_attach_host_notifier() but without polling. Use
3589  * this for rx virtqueues and similar cases where the virtqueue handler
3590  * function does not pop all elements. When the virtqueue is left non-empty
3591  * polling consumes CPU cycles and should not be used.
3592  */
3593 void virtio_queue_aio_attach_host_notifier_no_poll(VirtQueue *vq, AioContext *ctx)
3594 {
3595     aio_set_event_notifier(ctx, &vq->host_notifier, true,
3596                            virtio_queue_host_notifier_read,
3597                            NULL, NULL);
3598 }
3599 
3600 void virtio_queue_aio_detach_host_notifier(VirtQueue *vq, AioContext *ctx)
3601 {
3602     aio_set_event_notifier(ctx, &vq->host_notifier, true, NULL, NULL, NULL);
3603     /* Test and clear notifier before after disabling event,
3604      * in case poll callback didn't have time to run. */
3605     virtio_queue_host_notifier_read(&vq->host_notifier);
3606 }
3607 
3608 void virtio_queue_host_notifier_read(EventNotifier *n)
3609 {
3610     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3611     if (event_notifier_test_and_clear(n)) {
3612         virtio_queue_notify_vq(vq);
3613     }
3614 }
3615 
3616 EventNotifier *virtio_queue_get_host_notifier(VirtQueue *vq)
3617 {
3618     return &vq->host_notifier;
3619 }
3620 
3621 void virtio_queue_set_host_notifier_enabled(VirtQueue *vq, bool enabled)
3622 {
3623     vq->host_notifier_enabled = enabled;
3624 }
3625 
3626 int virtio_queue_set_host_notifier_mr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n,
3627                                       MemoryRegion *mr, bool assign)
3628 {
3629     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3630     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3631 
3632     if (k->set_host_notifier_mr) {
3633         return k->set_host_notifier_mr(qbus->parent, n, mr, assign);
3634     }
3635 
3636     return -1;
3637 }
3638 
3639 void virtio_device_set_child_bus_name(VirtIODevice *vdev, char *bus_name)
3640 {
3641     g_free(vdev->bus_name);
3642     vdev->bus_name = g_strdup(bus_name);
3643 }
3644 
3645 void G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3) virtio_error(VirtIODevice *vdev, const char *fmt, ...)
3646 {
3647     va_list ap;
3648 
3649     va_start(ap, fmt);
3650     error_vreport(fmt, ap);
3651     va_end(ap);
3652 
3653     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
3654         vdev->status = vdev->status | VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_NEEDS_RESET;
3655         virtio_notify_config(vdev);
3656     }
3657 
3658     vdev->broken = true;
3659 }
3660 
3661 static void virtio_memory_listener_commit(MemoryListener *listener)
3662 {
3663     VirtIODevice *vdev = container_of(listener, VirtIODevice, listener);
3664     int i;
3665 
3666     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
3667         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0) {
3668             break;
3669         }
3670         virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, i);
3671     }
3672 }
3673 
3674 static void virtio_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
3675 {
3676     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(dev);
3677     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
3678     Error *err = NULL;
3679 
3680     /* Devices should either use vmsd or the load/save methods */
3681     assert(!vdc->vmsd || !vdc->load);
3682 
3683     if (vdc->realize != NULL) {
3684         vdc->realize(dev, &err);
3685         if (err != NULL) {
3686             error_propagate(errp, err);
3687             return;
3688         }
3689     }
3690 
3691     virtio_bus_device_plugged(vdev, &err);
3692     if (err != NULL) {
3693         error_propagate(errp, err);
3694         vdc->unrealize(dev);
3695         return;
3696     }
3697 
3698     vdev->listener.commit = virtio_memory_listener_commit;
3699     vdev->listener.name = "virtio";
3700     memory_listener_register(&vdev->listener, vdev->dma_as);
3701 }
3702 
3703 static void virtio_device_unrealize(DeviceState *dev)
3704 {
3705     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(dev);
3706     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
3707 
3708     memory_listener_unregister(&vdev->listener);
3709     virtio_bus_device_unplugged(vdev);
3710 
3711     if (vdc->unrealize != NULL) {
3712         vdc->unrealize(dev);
3713     }
3714 
3715     g_free(vdev->bus_name);
3716     vdev->bus_name = NULL;
3717 }
3718 
3719 static void virtio_device_free_virtqueues(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3720 {
3721     int i;
3722     if (!vdev->vq) {
3723         return;
3724     }
3725 
3726     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
3727         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0) {
3728             break;
3729         }
3730         virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(&vdev->vq[i]);
3731     }
3732     g_free(vdev->vq);
3733 }
3734 
3735 static void virtio_device_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
3736 {
3737     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(obj);
3738 
3739     virtio_device_free_virtqueues(vdev);
3740 
3741     g_free(vdev->config);
3742     g_free(vdev->vector_queues);
3743 }
3744 
3745 static Property virtio_properties[] = {
3746     DEFINE_VIRTIO_COMMON_FEATURES(VirtIODevice, host_features),
3747     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("use-started", VirtIODevice, use_started, true),
3748     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("use-disabled-flag", VirtIODevice, use_disabled_flag, true),
3749     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("x-disable-legacy-check", VirtIODevice,
3750                      disable_legacy_check, false),
3751     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
3752 };
3753 
3754 static int virtio_device_start_ioeventfd_impl(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3755 {
3756     VirtioBusState *qbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev)));
3757     int i, n, r, err;
3758 
3759     /*
3760      * Batch all the host notifiers in a single transaction to avoid
3761      * quadratic time complexity in address_space_update_ioeventfds().
3762      */
3763     memory_region_transaction_begin();
3764     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
3765         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3766         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
3767             continue;
3768         }
3769         r = virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(qbus, n, true);
3770         if (r < 0) {
3771             err = r;
3772             goto assign_error;
3773         }
3774         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->host_notifier,
3775                                    virtio_queue_host_notifier_read);
3776     }
3777 
3778     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
3779         /* Kick right away to begin processing requests already in vring */
3780         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3781         if (!vq->vring.num) {
3782             continue;
3783         }
3784         event_notifier_set(&vq->host_notifier);
3785     }
3786     memory_region_transaction_commit();
3787     return 0;
3788 
3789 assign_error:
3790     i = n; /* save n for a second iteration after transaction is committed. */
3791     while (--n >= 0) {
3792         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3793         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
3794             continue;
3795         }
3796 
3797         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->host_notifier, NULL);
3798         r = virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(qbus, n, false);
3799         assert(r >= 0);
3800     }
3801     /*
3802      * The transaction expects the ioeventfds to be open when it
3803      * commits. Do it now, before the cleanup loop.
3804      */
3805     memory_region_transaction_commit();
3806 
3807     while (--i >= 0) {
3808         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, i)) {
3809             continue;
3810         }
3811         virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(qbus, i);
3812     }
3813     return err;
3814 }
3815 
3816 int virtio_device_start_ioeventfd(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3817 {
3818     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3819     VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
3820 
3821     return virtio_bus_start_ioeventfd(vbus);
3822 }
3823 
3824 static void virtio_device_stop_ioeventfd_impl(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3825 {
3826     VirtioBusState *qbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev)));
3827     int n, r;
3828 
3829     /*
3830      * Batch all the host notifiers in a single transaction to avoid
3831      * quadratic time complexity in address_space_update_ioeventfds().
3832      */
3833     memory_region_transaction_begin();
3834     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
3835         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3836 
3837         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
3838             continue;
3839         }
3840         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->host_notifier, NULL);
3841         r = virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(qbus, n, false);
3842         assert(r >= 0);
3843     }
3844     /*
3845      * The transaction expects the ioeventfds to be open when it
3846      * commits. Do it now, before the cleanup loop.
3847      */
3848     memory_region_transaction_commit();
3849 
3850     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
3851         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
3852             continue;
3853         }
3854         virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(qbus, n);
3855     }
3856 }
3857 
3858 int virtio_device_grab_ioeventfd(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3859 {
3860     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3861     VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
3862 
3863     return virtio_bus_grab_ioeventfd(vbus);
3864 }
3865 
3866 void virtio_device_release_ioeventfd(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3867 {
3868     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3869     VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
3870 
3871     virtio_bus_release_ioeventfd(vbus);
3872 }
3873 
3874 static void virtio_device_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
3875 {
3876     /* Set the default value here. */
3877     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
3878     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
3879 
3880     dc->realize = virtio_device_realize;
3881     dc->unrealize = virtio_device_unrealize;
3882     dc->bus_type = TYPE_VIRTIO_BUS;
3883     device_class_set_props(dc, virtio_properties);
3884     vdc->start_ioeventfd = virtio_device_start_ioeventfd_impl;
3885     vdc->stop_ioeventfd = virtio_device_stop_ioeventfd_impl;
3886 
3887     vdc->legacy_features |= VIRTIO_LEGACY_FEATURES;
3888 }
3889 
3890 bool virtio_device_ioeventfd_enabled(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3891 {
3892     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3893     VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
3894 
3895     return virtio_bus_ioeventfd_enabled(vbus);
3896 }
3897 
3898 static const TypeInfo virtio_device_info = {
3899     .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_DEVICE,
3900     .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
3901     .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIODevice),
3902     .class_init = virtio_device_class_init,
3903     .instance_finalize = virtio_device_instance_finalize,
3904     .abstract = true,
3905     .class_size = sizeof(VirtioDeviceClass),
3906 };
3907 
3908 static void virtio_register_types(void)
3909 {
3910     type_register_static(&virtio_device_info);
3911 }
3912 
3913 type_init(virtio_register_types)
3914