xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/virtio/virtio.c (revision d43f1670)
1 /*
2  * Virtio Support
3  *
4  * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2007
5  *
6  * Authors:
7  *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
8  *
9  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
10  * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
11  *
12  */
13 
14 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
15 #include "qapi/error.h"
16 #include "cpu.h"
17 #include "trace.h"
18 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
19 #include "qemu/log.h"
20 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
21 #include "qemu/module.h"
22 #include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
23 #include "migration/qemu-file-types.h"
24 #include "qemu/atomic.h"
25 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
26 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
27 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-access.h"
28 #include "sysemu/dma.h"
29 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
30 #include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_ids.h"
31 
32 /*
33  * The alignment to use between consumer and producer parts of vring.
34  * x86 pagesize again. This is the default, used by transports like PCI
35  * which don't provide a means for the guest to tell the host the alignment.
36  */
37 #define VIRTIO_PCI_VRING_ALIGN         4096
38 
39 typedef struct VRingDesc
40 {
41     uint64_t addr;
42     uint32_t len;
43     uint16_t flags;
44     uint16_t next;
45 } VRingDesc;
46 
47 typedef struct VRingPackedDesc {
48     uint64_t addr;
49     uint32_t len;
50     uint16_t id;
51     uint16_t flags;
52 } VRingPackedDesc;
53 
54 typedef struct VRingAvail
55 {
56     uint16_t flags;
57     uint16_t idx;
58     uint16_t ring[];
59 } VRingAvail;
60 
61 typedef struct VRingUsedElem
62 {
63     uint32_t id;
64     uint32_t len;
65 } VRingUsedElem;
66 
67 typedef struct VRingUsed
68 {
69     uint16_t flags;
70     uint16_t idx;
71     VRingUsedElem ring[];
72 } VRingUsed;
73 
74 typedef struct VRingMemoryRegionCaches {
75     struct rcu_head rcu;
76     MemoryRegionCache desc;
77     MemoryRegionCache avail;
78     MemoryRegionCache used;
79 } VRingMemoryRegionCaches;
80 
81 typedef struct VRing
82 {
83     unsigned int num;
84     unsigned int num_default;
85     unsigned int align;
86     hwaddr desc;
87     hwaddr avail;
88     hwaddr used;
89     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
90 } VRing;
91 
92 typedef struct VRingPackedDescEvent {
93     uint16_t off_wrap;
94     uint16_t flags;
95 } VRingPackedDescEvent ;
96 
97 struct VirtQueue
98 {
99     VRing vring;
100     VirtQueueElement *used_elems;
101 
102     /* Next head to pop */
103     uint16_t last_avail_idx;
104     bool last_avail_wrap_counter;
105 
106     /* Last avail_idx read from VQ. */
107     uint16_t shadow_avail_idx;
108     bool shadow_avail_wrap_counter;
109 
110     uint16_t used_idx;
111     bool used_wrap_counter;
112 
113     /* Last used index value we have signalled on */
114     uint16_t signalled_used;
115 
116     /* Last used index value we have signalled on */
117     bool signalled_used_valid;
118 
119     /* Notification enabled? */
120     bool notification;
121 
122     uint16_t queue_index;
123 
124     unsigned int inuse;
125 
126     uint16_t vector;
127     VirtIOHandleOutput handle_output;
128     VirtIOHandleAIOOutput handle_aio_output;
129     VirtIODevice *vdev;
130     EventNotifier guest_notifier;
131     EventNotifier host_notifier;
132     bool host_notifier_enabled;
133     QLIST_ENTRY(VirtQueue) node;
134 };
135 
136 /* Called within call_rcu().  */
137 static void virtio_free_region_cache(VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches)
138 {
139     assert(caches != NULL);
140     address_space_cache_destroy(&caches->desc);
141     address_space_cache_destroy(&caches->avail);
142     address_space_cache_destroy(&caches->used);
143     g_free(caches);
144 }
145 
146 static void virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(struct VirtQueue *vq)
147 {
148     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
149 
150     caches = qatomic_read(&vq->vring.caches);
151     qatomic_rcu_set(&vq->vring.caches, NULL);
152     if (caches) {
153         call_rcu(caches, virtio_free_region_cache, rcu);
154     }
155 }
156 
157 static void virtio_init_region_cache(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
158 {
159     VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
160     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *old = vq->vring.caches;
161     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *new = NULL;
162     hwaddr addr, size;
163     int64_t len;
164     bool packed;
165 
166 
167     addr = vq->vring.desc;
168     if (!addr) {
169         goto out_no_cache;
170     }
171     new = g_new0(VRingMemoryRegionCaches, 1);
172     size = virtio_queue_get_desc_size(vdev, n);
173     packed = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED) ?
174                                    true : false;
175     len = address_space_cache_init(&new->desc, vdev->dma_as,
176                                    addr, size, packed);
177     if (len < size) {
178         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map desc");
179         goto err_desc;
180     }
181 
182     size = virtio_queue_get_used_size(vdev, n);
183     len = address_space_cache_init(&new->used, vdev->dma_as,
184                                    vq->vring.used, size, true);
185     if (len < size) {
186         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map used");
187         goto err_used;
188     }
189 
190     size = virtio_queue_get_avail_size(vdev, n);
191     len = address_space_cache_init(&new->avail, vdev->dma_as,
192                                    vq->vring.avail, size, false);
193     if (len < size) {
194         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map avail");
195         goto err_avail;
196     }
197 
198     qatomic_rcu_set(&vq->vring.caches, new);
199     if (old) {
200         call_rcu(old, virtio_free_region_cache, rcu);
201     }
202     return;
203 
204 err_avail:
205     address_space_cache_destroy(&new->avail);
206 err_used:
207     address_space_cache_destroy(&new->used);
208 err_desc:
209     address_space_cache_destroy(&new->desc);
210 out_no_cache:
211     g_free(new);
212     virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(vq);
213 }
214 
215 /* virt queue functions */
216 void virtio_queue_update_rings(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
217 {
218     VRing *vring = &vdev->vq[n].vring;
219 
220     if (!vring->num || !vring->desc || !vring->align) {
221         /* not yet setup -> nothing to do */
222         return;
223     }
224     vring->avail = vring->desc + vring->num * sizeof(VRingDesc);
225     vring->used = vring_align(vring->avail +
226                               offsetof(VRingAvail, ring[vring->num]),
227                               vring->align);
228     virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, n);
229 }
230 
231 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
232 static void vring_split_desc_read(VirtIODevice *vdev, VRingDesc *desc,
233                                   MemoryRegionCache *cache, int i)
234 {
235     address_space_read_cached(cache, i * sizeof(VRingDesc),
236                               desc, sizeof(VRingDesc));
237     virtio_tswap64s(vdev, &desc->addr);
238     virtio_tswap32s(vdev, &desc->len);
239     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->flags);
240     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->next);
241 }
242 
243 static void vring_packed_event_read(VirtIODevice *vdev,
244                                     MemoryRegionCache *cache,
245                                     VRingPackedDescEvent *e)
246 {
247     hwaddr off_off = offsetof(VRingPackedDescEvent, off_wrap);
248     hwaddr off_flags = offsetof(VRingPackedDescEvent, flags);
249 
250     address_space_read_cached(cache, off_flags, &e->flags,
251                               sizeof(e->flags));
252     /* Make sure flags is seen before off_wrap */
253     smp_rmb();
254     address_space_read_cached(cache, off_off, &e->off_wrap,
255                               sizeof(e->off_wrap));
256     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &e->off_wrap);
257     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &e->flags);
258 }
259 
260 static void vring_packed_off_wrap_write(VirtIODevice *vdev,
261                                         MemoryRegionCache *cache,
262                                         uint16_t off_wrap)
263 {
264     hwaddr off = offsetof(VRingPackedDescEvent, off_wrap);
265 
266     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &off_wrap);
267     address_space_write_cached(cache, off, &off_wrap, sizeof(off_wrap));
268     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off, sizeof(off_wrap));
269 }
270 
271 static void vring_packed_flags_write(VirtIODevice *vdev,
272                                      MemoryRegionCache *cache, uint16_t flags)
273 {
274     hwaddr off = offsetof(VRingPackedDescEvent, flags);
275 
276     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &flags);
277     address_space_write_cached(cache, off, &flags, sizeof(flags));
278     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off, sizeof(flags));
279 }
280 
281 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
282 static VRingMemoryRegionCaches *vring_get_region_caches(struct VirtQueue *vq)
283 {
284     return qatomic_rcu_read(&vq->vring.caches);
285 }
286 
287 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
288 static inline uint16_t vring_avail_flags(VirtQueue *vq)
289 {
290     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
291     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingAvail, flags);
292 
293     if (!caches) {
294         return 0;
295     }
296 
297     return virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->avail, pa);
298 }
299 
300 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
301 static inline uint16_t vring_avail_idx(VirtQueue *vq)
302 {
303     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
304     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingAvail, idx);
305 
306     if (!caches) {
307         return 0;
308     }
309 
310     vq->shadow_avail_idx = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->avail, pa);
311     return vq->shadow_avail_idx;
312 }
313 
314 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
315 static inline uint16_t vring_avail_ring(VirtQueue *vq, int i)
316 {
317     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
318     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingAvail, ring[i]);
319 
320     if (!caches) {
321         return 0;
322     }
323 
324     return virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->avail, pa);
325 }
326 
327 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
328 static inline uint16_t vring_get_used_event(VirtQueue *vq)
329 {
330     return vring_avail_ring(vq, vq->vring.num);
331 }
332 
333 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
334 static inline void vring_used_write(VirtQueue *vq, VRingUsedElem *uelem,
335                                     int i)
336 {
337     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
338     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, ring[i]);
339 
340     if (!caches) {
341         return;
342     }
343 
344     virtio_tswap32s(vq->vdev, &uelem->id);
345     virtio_tswap32s(vq->vdev, &uelem->len);
346     address_space_write_cached(&caches->used, pa, uelem, sizeof(VRingUsedElem));
347     address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(VRingUsedElem));
348 }
349 
350 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
351 static uint16_t vring_used_idx(VirtQueue *vq)
352 {
353     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
354     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, idx);
355 
356     if (!caches) {
357         return 0;
358     }
359 
360     return virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa);
361 }
362 
363 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
364 static inline void vring_used_idx_set(VirtQueue *vq, uint16_t val)
365 {
366     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
367     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, idx);
368 
369     if (caches) {
370         virtio_stw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa, val);
371         address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(val));
372     }
373 
374     vq->used_idx = val;
375 }
376 
377 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
378 static inline void vring_used_flags_set_bit(VirtQueue *vq, int mask)
379 {
380     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
381     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
382     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, flags);
383     uint16_t flags;
384 
385     if (!caches) {
386         return;
387     }
388 
389     flags = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa);
390     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vdev, &caches->used, pa, flags | mask);
391     address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(flags));
392 }
393 
394 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
395 static inline void vring_used_flags_unset_bit(VirtQueue *vq, int mask)
396 {
397     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
398     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
399     hwaddr pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, flags);
400     uint16_t flags;
401 
402     if (!caches) {
403         return;
404     }
405 
406     flags = virtio_lduw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa);
407     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vdev, &caches->used, pa, flags & ~mask);
408     address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(flags));
409 }
410 
411 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
412 static inline void vring_set_avail_event(VirtQueue *vq, uint16_t val)
413 {
414     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
415     hwaddr pa;
416     if (!vq->notification) {
417         return;
418     }
419 
420     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
421     if (!caches) {
422         return;
423     }
424 
425     pa = offsetof(VRingUsed, ring[vq->vring.num]);
426     virtio_stw_phys_cached(vq->vdev, &caches->used, pa, val);
427     address_space_cache_invalidate(&caches->used, pa, sizeof(val));
428 }
429 
430 static void virtio_queue_split_set_notification(VirtQueue *vq, int enable)
431 {
432     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
433 
434     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
435         vring_set_avail_event(vq, vring_avail_idx(vq));
436     } else if (enable) {
437         vring_used_flags_unset_bit(vq, VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY);
438     } else {
439         vring_used_flags_set_bit(vq, VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY);
440     }
441     if (enable) {
442         /* Expose avail event/used flags before caller checks the avail idx. */
443         smp_mb();
444     }
445 }
446 
447 static void virtio_queue_packed_set_notification(VirtQueue *vq, int enable)
448 {
449     uint16_t off_wrap;
450     VRingPackedDescEvent e;
451     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
452 
453     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
454     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
455     if (!caches) {
456         return;
457     }
458 
459     vring_packed_event_read(vq->vdev, &caches->used, &e);
460 
461     if (!enable) {
462         e.flags = VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_DISABLE;
463     } else if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
464         off_wrap = vq->shadow_avail_idx | vq->shadow_avail_wrap_counter << 15;
465         vring_packed_off_wrap_write(vq->vdev, &caches->used, off_wrap);
466         /* Make sure off_wrap is wrote before flags */
467         smp_wmb();
468         e.flags = VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_DESC;
469     } else {
470         e.flags = VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_ENABLE;
471     }
472 
473     vring_packed_flags_write(vq->vdev, &caches->used, e.flags);
474     if (enable) {
475         /* Expose avail event/used flags before caller checks the avail idx. */
476         smp_mb();
477     }
478 }
479 
480 bool virtio_queue_get_notification(VirtQueue *vq)
481 {
482     return vq->notification;
483 }
484 
485 void virtio_queue_set_notification(VirtQueue *vq, int enable)
486 {
487     vq->notification = enable;
488 
489     if (!vq->vring.desc) {
490         return;
491     }
492 
493     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
494         virtio_queue_packed_set_notification(vq, enable);
495     } else {
496         virtio_queue_split_set_notification(vq, enable);
497     }
498 }
499 
500 int virtio_queue_ready(VirtQueue *vq)
501 {
502     return vq->vring.avail != 0;
503 }
504 
505 static void vring_packed_desc_read_flags(VirtIODevice *vdev,
506                                          uint16_t *flags,
507                                          MemoryRegionCache *cache,
508                                          int i)
509 {
510     address_space_read_cached(cache,
511                               i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) +
512                               offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, flags),
513                               flags, sizeof(*flags));
514     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, flags);
515 }
516 
517 static void vring_packed_desc_read(VirtIODevice *vdev,
518                                    VRingPackedDesc *desc,
519                                    MemoryRegionCache *cache,
520                                    int i, bool strict_order)
521 {
522     hwaddr off = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc);
523 
524     vring_packed_desc_read_flags(vdev, &desc->flags, cache, i);
525 
526     if (strict_order) {
527         /* Make sure flags is read before the rest fields. */
528         smp_rmb();
529     }
530 
531     address_space_read_cached(cache, off + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, addr),
532                               &desc->addr, sizeof(desc->addr));
533     address_space_read_cached(cache, off + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, id),
534                               &desc->id, sizeof(desc->id));
535     address_space_read_cached(cache, off + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, len),
536                               &desc->len, sizeof(desc->len));
537     virtio_tswap64s(vdev, &desc->addr);
538     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->id);
539     virtio_tswap32s(vdev, &desc->len);
540 }
541 
542 static void vring_packed_desc_write_data(VirtIODevice *vdev,
543                                          VRingPackedDesc *desc,
544                                          MemoryRegionCache *cache,
545                                          int i)
546 {
547     hwaddr off_id = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) +
548                     offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, id);
549     hwaddr off_len = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) +
550                     offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, len);
551 
552     virtio_tswap32s(vdev, &desc->len);
553     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->id);
554     address_space_write_cached(cache, off_id, &desc->id, sizeof(desc->id));
555     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off_id, sizeof(desc->id));
556     address_space_write_cached(cache, off_len, &desc->len, sizeof(desc->len));
557     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off_len, sizeof(desc->len));
558 }
559 
560 static void vring_packed_desc_write_flags(VirtIODevice *vdev,
561                                           VRingPackedDesc *desc,
562                                           MemoryRegionCache *cache,
563                                           int i)
564 {
565     hwaddr off = i * sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) + offsetof(VRingPackedDesc, flags);
566 
567     virtio_tswap16s(vdev, &desc->flags);
568     address_space_write_cached(cache, off, &desc->flags, sizeof(desc->flags));
569     address_space_cache_invalidate(cache, off, sizeof(desc->flags));
570 }
571 
572 static void vring_packed_desc_write(VirtIODevice *vdev,
573                                     VRingPackedDesc *desc,
574                                     MemoryRegionCache *cache,
575                                     int i, bool strict_order)
576 {
577     vring_packed_desc_write_data(vdev, desc, cache, i);
578     if (strict_order) {
579         /* Make sure data is wrote before flags. */
580         smp_wmb();
581     }
582     vring_packed_desc_write_flags(vdev, desc, cache, i);
583 }
584 
585 static inline bool is_desc_avail(uint16_t flags, bool wrap_counter)
586 {
587     bool avail, used;
588 
589     avail = !!(flags & (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_AVAIL));
590     used = !!(flags & (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_USED));
591     return (avail != used) && (avail == wrap_counter);
592 }
593 
594 /* Fetch avail_idx from VQ memory only when we really need to know if
595  * guest has added some buffers.
596  * Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
597 static int virtio_queue_empty_rcu(VirtQueue *vq)
598 {
599     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
600         return 1;
601     }
602 
603     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.avail)) {
604         return 1;
605     }
606 
607     if (vq->shadow_avail_idx != vq->last_avail_idx) {
608         return 0;
609     }
610 
611     return vring_avail_idx(vq) == vq->last_avail_idx;
612 }
613 
614 static int virtio_queue_split_empty(VirtQueue *vq)
615 {
616     bool empty;
617 
618     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
619         return 1;
620     }
621 
622     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.avail)) {
623         return 1;
624     }
625 
626     if (vq->shadow_avail_idx != vq->last_avail_idx) {
627         return 0;
628     }
629 
630     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
631     empty = vring_avail_idx(vq) == vq->last_avail_idx;
632     return empty;
633 }
634 
635 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
636 static int virtio_queue_packed_empty_rcu(VirtQueue *vq)
637 {
638     struct VRingPackedDesc desc;
639     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *cache;
640 
641     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc)) {
642         return 1;
643     }
644 
645     cache = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
646     if (!cache) {
647         return 1;
648     }
649 
650     vring_packed_desc_read_flags(vq->vdev, &desc.flags, &cache->desc,
651                                  vq->last_avail_idx);
652 
653     return !is_desc_avail(desc.flags, vq->last_avail_wrap_counter);
654 }
655 
656 static int virtio_queue_packed_empty(VirtQueue *vq)
657 {
658     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
659     return virtio_queue_packed_empty_rcu(vq);
660 }
661 
662 int virtio_queue_empty(VirtQueue *vq)
663 {
664     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
665         return virtio_queue_packed_empty(vq);
666     } else {
667         return virtio_queue_split_empty(vq);
668     }
669 }
670 
671 static void virtqueue_unmap_sg(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
672                                unsigned int len)
673 {
674     AddressSpace *dma_as = vq->vdev->dma_as;
675     unsigned int offset;
676     int i;
677 
678     offset = 0;
679     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
680         size_t size = MIN(len - offset, elem->in_sg[i].iov_len);
681 
682         dma_memory_unmap(dma_as, elem->in_sg[i].iov_base,
683                          elem->in_sg[i].iov_len,
684                          DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, size);
685 
686         offset += size;
687     }
688 
689     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++)
690         dma_memory_unmap(dma_as, elem->out_sg[i].iov_base,
691                          elem->out_sg[i].iov_len,
692                          DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE,
693                          elem->out_sg[i].iov_len);
694 }
695 
696 /* virtqueue_detach_element:
697  * @vq: The #VirtQueue
698  * @elem: The #VirtQueueElement
699  * @len: number of bytes written
700  *
701  * Detach the element from the virtqueue.  This function is suitable for device
702  * reset or other situations where a #VirtQueueElement is simply freed and will
703  * not be pushed or discarded.
704  */
705 void virtqueue_detach_element(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
706                               unsigned int len)
707 {
708     vq->inuse -= elem->ndescs;
709     virtqueue_unmap_sg(vq, elem, len);
710 }
711 
712 static void virtqueue_split_rewind(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int num)
713 {
714     vq->last_avail_idx -= num;
715 }
716 
717 static void virtqueue_packed_rewind(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int num)
718 {
719     if (vq->last_avail_idx < num) {
720         vq->last_avail_idx = vq->vring.num + vq->last_avail_idx - num;
721         vq->last_avail_wrap_counter ^= 1;
722     } else {
723         vq->last_avail_idx -= num;
724     }
725 }
726 
727 /* virtqueue_unpop:
728  * @vq: The #VirtQueue
729  * @elem: The #VirtQueueElement
730  * @len: number of bytes written
731  *
732  * Pretend the most recent element wasn't popped from the virtqueue.  The next
733  * call to virtqueue_pop() will refetch the element.
734  */
735 void virtqueue_unpop(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
736                      unsigned int len)
737 {
738 
739     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
740         virtqueue_packed_rewind(vq, 1);
741     } else {
742         virtqueue_split_rewind(vq, 1);
743     }
744 
745     virtqueue_detach_element(vq, elem, len);
746 }
747 
748 /* virtqueue_rewind:
749  * @vq: The #VirtQueue
750  * @num: Number of elements to push back
751  *
752  * Pretend that elements weren't popped from the virtqueue.  The next
753  * virtqueue_pop() will refetch the oldest element.
754  *
755  * Use virtqueue_unpop() instead if you have a VirtQueueElement.
756  *
757  * Returns: true on success, false if @num is greater than the number of in use
758  * elements.
759  */
760 bool virtqueue_rewind(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int num)
761 {
762     if (num > vq->inuse) {
763         return false;
764     }
765 
766     vq->inuse -= num;
767     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
768         virtqueue_packed_rewind(vq, num);
769     } else {
770         virtqueue_split_rewind(vq, num);
771     }
772     return true;
773 }
774 
775 static void virtqueue_split_fill(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
776                     unsigned int len, unsigned int idx)
777 {
778     VRingUsedElem uelem;
779 
780     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.used)) {
781         return;
782     }
783 
784     idx = (idx + vq->used_idx) % vq->vring.num;
785 
786     uelem.id = elem->index;
787     uelem.len = len;
788     vring_used_write(vq, &uelem, idx);
789 }
790 
791 static void virtqueue_packed_fill(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
792                                   unsigned int len, unsigned int idx)
793 {
794     vq->used_elems[idx].index = elem->index;
795     vq->used_elems[idx].len = len;
796     vq->used_elems[idx].ndescs = elem->ndescs;
797 }
798 
799 static void virtqueue_packed_fill_desc(VirtQueue *vq,
800                                        const VirtQueueElement *elem,
801                                        unsigned int idx,
802                                        bool strict_order)
803 {
804     uint16_t head;
805     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
806     VRingPackedDesc desc = {
807         .id = elem->index,
808         .len = elem->len,
809     };
810     bool wrap_counter = vq->used_wrap_counter;
811 
812     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc)) {
813         return;
814     }
815 
816     head = vq->used_idx + idx;
817     if (head >= vq->vring.num) {
818         head -= vq->vring.num;
819         wrap_counter ^= 1;
820     }
821     if (wrap_counter) {
822         desc.flags |= (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_AVAIL);
823         desc.flags |= (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_USED);
824     } else {
825         desc.flags &= ~(1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_AVAIL);
826         desc.flags &= ~(1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_USED);
827     }
828 
829     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
830     if (!caches) {
831         return;
832     }
833 
834     vring_packed_desc_write(vq->vdev, &desc, &caches->desc, head, strict_order);
835 }
836 
837 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
838 void virtqueue_fill(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
839                     unsigned int len, unsigned int idx)
840 {
841     trace_virtqueue_fill(vq, elem, len, idx);
842 
843     virtqueue_unmap_sg(vq, elem, len);
844 
845     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
846         return;
847     }
848 
849     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
850         virtqueue_packed_fill(vq, elem, len, idx);
851     } else {
852         virtqueue_split_fill(vq, elem, len, idx);
853     }
854 }
855 
856 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
857 static void virtqueue_split_flush(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int count)
858 {
859     uint16_t old, new;
860 
861     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.used)) {
862         return;
863     }
864 
865     /* Make sure buffer is written before we update index. */
866     smp_wmb();
867     trace_virtqueue_flush(vq, count);
868     old = vq->used_idx;
869     new = old + count;
870     vring_used_idx_set(vq, new);
871     vq->inuse -= count;
872     if (unlikely((int16_t)(new - vq->signalled_used) < (uint16_t)(new - old)))
873         vq->signalled_used_valid = false;
874 }
875 
876 static void virtqueue_packed_flush(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int count)
877 {
878     unsigned int i, ndescs = 0;
879 
880     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc)) {
881         return;
882     }
883 
884     for (i = 1; i < count; i++) {
885         virtqueue_packed_fill_desc(vq, &vq->used_elems[i], i, false);
886         ndescs += vq->used_elems[i].ndescs;
887     }
888     virtqueue_packed_fill_desc(vq, &vq->used_elems[0], 0, true);
889     ndescs += vq->used_elems[0].ndescs;
890 
891     vq->inuse -= ndescs;
892     vq->used_idx += ndescs;
893     if (vq->used_idx >= vq->vring.num) {
894         vq->used_idx -= vq->vring.num;
895         vq->used_wrap_counter ^= 1;
896     }
897 }
898 
899 void virtqueue_flush(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int count)
900 {
901     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
902         vq->inuse -= count;
903         return;
904     }
905 
906     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
907         virtqueue_packed_flush(vq, count);
908     } else {
909         virtqueue_split_flush(vq, count);
910     }
911 }
912 
913 void virtqueue_push(VirtQueue *vq, const VirtQueueElement *elem,
914                     unsigned int len)
915 {
916     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
917     virtqueue_fill(vq, elem, len, 0);
918     virtqueue_flush(vq, 1);
919 }
920 
921 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
922 static int virtqueue_num_heads(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int idx)
923 {
924     uint16_t num_heads = vring_avail_idx(vq) - idx;
925 
926     /* Check it isn't doing very strange things with descriptor numbers. */
927     if (num_heads > vq->vring.num) {
928         virtio_error(vq->vdev, "Guest moved used index from %u to %u",
929                      idx, vq->shadow_avail_idx);
930         return -EINVAL;
931     }
932     /* On success, callers read a descriptor at vq->last_avail_idx.
933      * Make sure descriptor read does not bypass avail index read. */
934     if (num_heads) {
935         smp_rmb();
936     }
937 
938     return num_heads;
939 }
940 
941 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
942 static bool virtqueue_get_head(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int idx,
943                                unsigned int *head)
944 {
945     /* Grab the next descriptor number they're advertising, and increment
946      * the index we've seen. */
947     *head = vring_avail_ring(vq, idx % vq->vring.num);
948 
949     /* If their number is silly, that's a fatal mistake. */
950     if (*head >= vq->vring.num) {
951         virtio_error(vq->vdev, "Guest says index %u is available", *head);
952         return false;
953     }
954 
955     return true;
956 }
957 
958 enum {
959     VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_ERROR = -1,
960     VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_DONE = 0,   /* end of chain */
961     VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE = 1,   /* more buffers in chain */
962 };
963 
964 static int virtqueue_split_read_next_desc(VirtIODevice *vdev, VRingDesc *desc,
965                                           MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache,
966                                           unsigned int max, unsigned int *next)
967 {
968     /* If this descriptor says it doesn't chain, we're done. */
969     if (!(desc->flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT)) {
970         return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_DONE;
971     }
972 
973     /* Check they're not leading us off end of descriptors. */
974     *next = desc->next;
975     /* Make sure compiler knows to grab that: we don't want it changing! */
976     smp_wmb();
977 
978     if (*next >= max) {
979         virtio_error(vdev, "Desc next is %u", *next);
980         return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_ERROR;
981     }
982 
983     vring_split_desc_read(vdev, desc, desc_cache, *next);
984     return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE;
985 }
986 
987 static void virtqueue_split_get_avail_bytes(VirtQueue *vq,
988                             unsigned int *in_bytes, unsigned int *out_bytes,
989                             unsigned max_in_bytes, unsigned max_out_bytes)
990 {
991     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
992     unsigned int max, idx;
993     unsigned int total_bufs, in_total, out_total;
994     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
995     MemoryRegionCache indirect_desc_cache = MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID;
996     int64_t len = 0;
997     int rc;
998 
999     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
1000 
1001     idx = vq->last_avail_idx;
1002     total_bufs = in_total = out_total = 0;
1003 
1004     max = vq->vring.num;
1005     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1006     if (!caches) {
1007         goto err;
1008     }
1009 
1010     while ((rc = virtqueue_num_heads(vq, idx)) > 0) {
1011         MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1012         unsigned int num_bufs;
1013         VRingDesc desc;
1014         unsigned int i;
1015 
1016         num_bufs = total_bufs;
1017 
1018         if (!virtqueue_get_head(vq, idx++, &i)) {
1019             goto err;
1020         }
1021 
1022         vring_split_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i);
1023 
1024         if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
1025             if (!desc.len || (desc.len % sizeof(VRingDesc))) {
1026                 virtio_error(vdev, "Invalid size for indirect buffer table");
1027                 goto err;
1028             }
1029 
1030             /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1031             if (num_bufs >= max) {
1032                 virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1033                 goto err;
1034             }
1035 
1036             /* loop over the indirect descriptor table */
1037             len = address_space_cache_init(&indirect_desc_cache,
1038                                            vdev->dma_as,
1039                                            desc.addr, desc.len, false);
1040             desc_cache = &indirect_desc_cache;
1041             if (len < desc.len) {
1042                 virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map indirect buffer");
1043                 goto err;
1044             }
1045 
1046             max = desc.len / sizeof(VRingDesc);
1047             num_bufs = i = 0;
1048             vring_split_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i);
1049         }
1050 
1051         do {
1052             /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1053             if (++num_bufs > max) {
1054                 virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1055                 goto err;
1056             }
1057 
1058             if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) {
1059                 in_total += desc.len;
1060             } else {
1061                 out_total += desc.len;
1062             }
1063             if (in_total >= max_in_bytes && out_total >= max_out_bytes) {
1064                 goto done;
1065             }
1066 
1067             rc = virtqueue_split_read_next_desc(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, max, &i);
1068         } while (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE);
1069 
1070         if (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_ERROR) {
1071             goto err;
1072         }
1073 
1074         if (desc_cache == &indirect_desc_cache) {
1075             address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1076             total_bufs++;
1077         } else {
1078             total_bufs = num_bufs;
1079         }
1080     }
1081 
1082     if (rc < 0) {
1083         goto err;
1084     }
1085 
1086 done:
1087     address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1088     if (in_bytes) {
1089         *in_bytes = in_total;
1090     }
1091     if (out_bytes) {
1092         *out_bytes = out_total;
1093     }
1094     return;
1095 
1096 err:
1097     in_total = out_total = 0;
1098     goto done;
1099 }
1100 
1101 static int virtqueue_packed_read_next_desc(VirtQueue *vq,
1102                                            VRingPackedDesc *desc,
1103                                            MemoryRegionCache
1104                                            *desc_cache,
1105                                            unsigned int max,
1106                                            unsigned int *next,
1107                                            bool indirect)
1108 {
1109     /* If this descriptor says it doesn't chain, we're done. */
1110     if (!indirect && !(desc->flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT)) {
1111         return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_DONE;
1112     }
1113 
1114     ++*next;
1115     if (*next == max) {
1116         if (indirect) {
1117             return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_DONE;
1118         } else {
1119             (*next) -= vq->vring.num;
1120         }
1121     }
1122 
1123     vring_packed_desc_read(vq->vdev, desc, desc_cache, *next, false);
1124     return VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE;
1125 }
1126 
1127 static void virtqueue_packed_get_avail_bytes(VirtQueue *vq,
1128                                              unsigned int *in_bytes,
1129                                              unsigned int *out_bytes,
1130                                              unsigned max_in_bytes,
1131                                              unsigned max_out_bytes)
1132 {
1133     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1134     unsigned int max, idx;
1135     unsigned int total_bufs, in_total, out_total;
1136     MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache;
1137     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1138     MemoryRegionCache indirect_desc_cache = MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID;
1139     int64_t len = 0;
1140     VRingPackedDesc desc;
1141     bool wrap_counter;
1142 
1143     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
1144     idx = vq->last_avail_idx;
1145     wrap_counter = vq->last_avail_wrap_counter;
1146     total_bufs = in_total = out_total = 0;
1147 
1148     max = vq->vring.num;
1149     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1150     if (!caches) {
1151         goto err;
1152     }
1153 
1154     for (;;) {
1155         unsigned int num_bufs = total_bufs;
1156         unsigned int i = idx;
1157         int rc;
1158 
1159         desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1160         vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, idx, true);
1161         if (!is_desc_avail(desc.flags, wrap_counter)) {
1162             break;
1163         }
1164 
1165         if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
1166             if (desc.len % sizeof(VRingPackedDesc)) {
1167                 virtio_error(vdev, "Invalid size for indirect buffer table");
1168                 goto err;
1169             }
1170 
1171             /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1172             if (num_bufs >= max) {
1173                 virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1174                 goto err;
1175             }
1176 
1177             /* loop over the indirect descriptor table */
1178             len = address_space_cache_init(&indirect_desc_cache,
1179                                            vdev->dma_as,
1180                                            desc.addr, desc.len, false);
1181             desc_cache = &indirect_desc_cache;
1182             if (len < desc.len) {
1183                 virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map indirect buffer");
1184                 goto err;
1185             }
1186 
1187             max = desc.len / sizeof(VRingPackedDesc);
1188             num_bufs = i = 0;
1189             vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i, false);
1190         }
1191 
1192         do {
1193             /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1194             if (++num_bufs > max) {
1195                 virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1196                 goto err;
1197             }
1198 
1199             if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) {
1200                 in_total += desc.len;
1201             } else {
1202                 out_total += desc.len;
1203             }
1204             if (in_total >= max_in_bytes && out_total >= max_out_bytes) {
1205                 goto done;
1206             }
1207 
1208             rc = virtqueue_packed_read_next_desc(vq, &desc, desc_cache, max,
1209                                                  &i, desc_cache ==
1210                                                  &indirect_desc_cache);
1211         } while (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE);
1212 
1213         if (desc_cache == &indirect_desc_cache) {
1214             address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1215             total_bufs++;
1216             idx++;
1217         } else {
1218             idx += num_bufs - total_bufs;
1219             total_bufs = num_bufs;
1220         }
1221 
1222         if (idx >= vq->vring.num) {
1223             idx -= vq->vring.num;
1224             wrap_counter ^= 1;
1225         }
1226     }
1227 
1228     /* Record the index and wrap counter for a kick we want */
1229     vq->shadow_avail_idx = idx;
1230     vq->shadow_avail_wrap_counter = wrap_counter;
1231 done:
1232     address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1233     if (in_bytes) {
1234         *in_bytes = in_total;
1235     }
1236     if (out_bytes) {
1237         *out_bytes = out_total;
1238     }
1239     return;
1240 
1241 err:
1242     in_total = out_total = 0;
1243     goto done;
1244 }
1245 
1246 void virtqueue_get_avail_bytes(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int *in_bytes,
1247                                unsigned int *out_bytes,
1248                                unsigned max_in_bytes, unsigned max_out_bytes)
1249 {
1250     uint16_t desc_size;
1251     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1252 
1253     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc)) {
1254         goto err;
1255     }
1256 
1257     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1258     if (!caches) {
1259         goto err;
1260     }
1261 
1262     desc_size = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED) ?
1263                                 sizeof(VRingPackedDesc) : sizeof(VRingDesc);
1264     if (caches->desc.len < vq->vring.num * desc_size) {
1265         virtio_error(vq->vdev, "Cannot map descriptor ring");
1266         goto err;
1267     }
1268 
1269     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1270         virtqueue_packed_get_avail_bytes(vq, in_bytes, out_bytes,
1271                                          max_in_bytes, max_out_bytes);
1272     } else {
1273         virtqueue_split_get_avail_bytes(vq, in_bytes, out_bytes,
1274                                         max_in_bytes, max_out_bytes);
1275     }
1276 
1277     return;
1278 err:
1279     if (in_bytes) {
1280         *in_bytes = 0;
1281     }
1282     if (out_bytes) {
1283         *out_bytes = 0;
1284     }
1285 }
1286 
1287 int virtqueue_avail_bytes(VirtQueue *vq, unsigned int in_bytes,
1288                           unsigned int out_bytes)
1289 {
1290     unsigned int in_total, out_total;
1291 
1292     virtqueue_get_avail_bytes(vq, &in_total, &out_total, in_bytes, out_bytes);
1293     return in_bytes <= in_total && out_bytes <= out_total;
1294 }
1295 
1296 static bool virtqueue_map_desc(VirtIODevice *vdev, unsigned int *p_num_sg,
1297                                hwaddr *addr, struct iovec *iov,
1298                                unsigned int max_num_sg, bool is_write,
1299                                hwaddr pa, size_t sz)
1300 {
1301     bool ok = false;
1302     unsigned num_sg = *p_num_sg;
1303     assert(num_sg <= max_num_sg);
1304 
1305     if (!sz) {
1306         virtio_error(vdev, "virtio: zero sized buffers are not allowed");
1307         goto out;
1308     }
1309 
1310     while (sz) {
1311         hwaddr len = sz;
1312 
1313         if (num_sg == max_num_sg) {
1314             virtio_error(vdev, "virtio: too many write descriptors in "
1315                                "indirect table");
1316             goto out;
1317         }
1318 
1319         iov[num_sg].iov_base = dma_memory_map(vdev->dma_as, pa, &len,
1320                                               is_write ?
1321                                               DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE :
1322                                               DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE);
1323         if (!iov[num_sg].iov_base) {
1324             virtio_error(vdev, "virtio: bogus descriptor or out of resources");
1325             goto out;
1326         }
1327 
1328         iov[num_sg].iov_len = len;
1329         addr[num_sg] = pa;
1330 
1331         sz -= len;
1332         pa += len;
1333         num_sg++;
1334     }
1335     ok = true;
1336 
1337 out:
1338     *p_num_sg = num_sg;
1339     return ok;
1340 }
1341 
1342 /* Only used by error code paths before we have a VirtQueueElement (therefore
1343  * virtqueue_unmap_sg() can't be used).  Assumes buffers weren't written to
1344  * yet.
1345  */
1346 static void virtqueue_undo_map_desc(unsigned int out_num, unsigned int in_num,
1347                                     struct iovec *iov)
1348 {
1349     unsigned int i;
1350 
1351     for (i = 0; i < out_num + in_num; i++) {
1352         int is_write = i >= out_num;
1353 
1354         cpu_physical_memory_unmap(iov->iov_base, iov->iov_len, is_write, 0);
1355         iov++;
1356     }
1357 }
1358 
1359 static void virtqueue_map_iovec(VirtIODevice *vdev, struct iovec *sg,
1360                                 hwaddr *addr, unsigned int num_sg,
1361                                 bool is_write)
1362 {
1363     unsigned int i;
1364     hwaddr len;
1365 
1366     for (i = 0; i < num_sg; i++) {
1367         len = sg[i].iov_len;
1368         sg[i].iov_base = dma_memory_map(vdev->dma_as,
1369                                         addr[i], &len, is_write ?
1370                                         DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE :
1371                                         DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE);
1372         if (!sg[i].iov_base) {
1373             error_report("virtio: error trying to map MMIO memory");
1374             exit(1);
1375         }
1376         if (len != sg[i].iov_len) {
1377             error_report("virtio: unexpected memory split");
1378             exit(1);
1379         }
1380     }
1381 }
1382 
1383 void virtqueue_map(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueueElement *elem)
1384 {
1385     virtqueue_map_iovec(vdev, elem->in_sg, elem->in_addr, elem->in_num, true);
1386     virtqueue_map_iovec(vdev, elem->out_sg, elem->out_addr, elem->out_num,
1387                                                                         false);
1388 }
1389 
1390 static void *virtqueue_alloc_element(size_t sz, unsigned out_num, unsigned in_num)
1391 {
1392     VirtQueueElement *elem;
1393     size_t in_addr_ofs = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(sz, __alignof__(elem->in_addr[0]));
1394     size_t out_addr_ofs = in_addr_ofs + in_num * sizeof(elem->in_addr[0]);
1395     size_t out_addr_end = out_addr_ofs + out_num * sizeof(elem->out_addr[0]);
1396     size_t in_sg_ofs = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(out_addr_end, __alignof__(elem->in_sg[0]));
1397     size_t out_sg_ofs = in_sg_ofs + in_num * sizeof(elem->in_sg[0]);
1398     size_t out_sg_end = out_sg_ofs + out_num * sizeof(elem->out_sg[0]);
1399 
1400     assert(sz >= sizeof(VirtQueueElement));
1401     elem = g_malloc(out_sg_end);
1402     trace_virtqueue_alloc_element(elem, sz, in_num, out_num);
1403     elem->out_num = out_num;
1404     elem->in_num = in_num;
1405     elem->in_addr = (void *)elem + in_addr_ofs;
1406     elem->out_addr = (void *)elem + out_addr_ofs;
1407     elem->in_sg = (void *)elem + in_sg_ofs;
1408     elem->out_sg = (void *)elem + out_sg_ofs;
1409     return elem;
1410 }
1411 
1412 static void *virtqueue_split_pop(VirtQueue *vq, size_t sz)
1413 {
1414     unsigned int i, head, max;
1415     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1416     MemoryRegionCache indirect_desc_cache = MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID;
1417     MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache;
1418     int64_t len;
1419     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1420     VirtQueueElement *elem = NULL;
1421     unsigned out_num, in_num, elem_entries;
1422     hwaddr addr[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1423     struct iovec iov[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1424     VRingDesc desc;
1425     int rc;
1426 
1427     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
1428     if (virtio_queue_empty_rcu(vq)) {
1429         goto done;
1430     }
1431     /* Needed after virtio_queue_empty(), see comment in
1432      * virtqueue_num_heads(). */
1433     smp_rmb();
1434 
1435     /* When we start there are none of either input nor output. */
1436     out_num = in_num = elem_entries = 0;
1437 
1438     max = vq->vring.num;
1439 
1440     if (vq->inuse >= vq->vring.num) {
1441         virtio_error(vdev, "Virtqueue size exceeded");
1442         goto done;
1443     }
1444 
1445     if (!virtqueue_get_head(vq, vq->last_avail_idx++, &head)) {
1446         goto done;
1447     }
1448 
1449     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
1450         vring_set_avail_event(vq, vq->last_avail_idx);
1451     }
1452 
1453     i = head;
1454 
1455     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1456     if (!caches) {
1457         virtio_error(vdev, "Region caches not initialized");
1458         goto done;
1459     }
1460 
1461     if (caches->desc.len < max * sizeof(VRingDesc)) {
1462         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map descriptor ring");
1463         goto done;
1464     }
1465 
1466     desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1467     vring_split_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i);
1468     if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
1469         if (!desc.len || (desc.len % sizeof(VRingDesc))) {
1470             virtio_error(vdev, "Invalid size for indirect buffer table");
1471             goto done;
1472         }
1473 
1474         /* loop over the indirect descriptor table */
1475         len = address_space_cache_init(&indirect_desc_cache, vdev->dma_as,
1476                                        desc.addr, desc.len, false);
1477         desc_cache = &indirect_desc_cache;
1478         if (len < desc.len) {
1479             virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map indirect buffer");
1480             goto done;
1481         }
1482 
1483         max = desc.len / sizeof(VRingDesc);
1484         i = 0;
1485         vring_split_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i);
1486     }
1487 
1488     /* Collect all the descriptors */
1489     do {
1490         bool map_ok;
1491 
1492         if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) {
1493             map_ok = virtqueue_map_desc(vdev, &in_num, addr + out_num,
1494                                         iov + out_num,
1495                                         VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE - out_num, true,
1496                                         desc.addr, desc.len);
1497         } else {
1498             if (in_num) {
1499                 virtio_error(vdev, "Incorrect order for descriptors");
1500                 goto err_undo_map;
1501             }
1502             map_ok = virtqueue_map_desc(vdev, &out_num, addr, iov,
1503                                         VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE, false,
1504                                         desc.addr, desc.len);
1505         }
1506         if (!map_ok) {
1507             goto err_undo_map;
1508         }
1509 
1510         /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1511         if (++elem_entries > max) {
1512             virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1513             goto err_undo_map;
1514         }
1515 
1516         rc = virtqueue_split_read_next_desc(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, max, &i);
1517     } while (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE);
1518 
1519     if (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_ERROR) {
1520         goto err_undo_map;
1521     }
1522 
1523     /* Now copy what we have collected and mapped */
1524     elem = virtqueue_alloc_element(sz, out_num, in_num);
1525     elem->index = head;
1526     elem->ndescs = 1;
1527     for (i = 0; i < out_num; i++) {
1528         elem->out_addr[i] = addr[i];
1529         elem->out_sg[i] = iov[i];
1530     }
1531     for (i = 0; i < in_num; i++) {
1532         elem->in_addr[i] = addr[out_num + i];
1533         elem->in_sg[i] = iov[out_num + i];
1534     }
1535 
1536     vq->inuse++;
1537 
1538     trace_virtqueue_pop(vq, elem, elem->in_num, elem->out_num);
1539 done:
1540     address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1541 
1542     return elem;
1543 
1544 err_undo_map:
1545     virtqueue_undo_map_desc(out_num, in_num, iov);
1546     goto done;
1547 }
1548 
1549 static void *virtqueue_packed_pop(VirtQueue *vq, size_t sz)
1550 {
1551     unsigned int i, max;
1552     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1553     MemoryRegionCache indirect_desc_cache = MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID;
1554     MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache;
1555     int64_t len;
1556     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1557     VirtQueueElement *elem = NULL;
1558     unsigned out_num, in_num, elem_entries;
1559     hwaddr addr[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1560     struct iovec iov[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1561     VRingPackedDesc desc;
1562     uint16_t id;
1563     int rc;
1564 
1565     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
1566     if (virtio_queue_packed_empty_rcu(vq)) {
1567         goto done;
1568     }
1569 
1570     /* When we start there are none of either input nor output. */
1571     out_num = in_num = elem_entries = 0;
1572 
1573     max = vq->vring.num;
1574 
1575     if (vq->inuse >= vq->vring.num) {
1576         virtio_error(vdev, "Virtqueue size exceeded");
1577         goto done;
1578     }
1579 
1580     i = vq->last_avail_idx;
1581 
1582     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1583     if (!caches) {
1584         virtio_error(vdev, "Region caches not initialized");
1585         goto done;
1586     }
1587 
1588     if (caches->desc.len < max * sizeof(VRingDesc)) {
1589         virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map descriptor ring");
1590         goto done;
1591     }
1592 
1593     desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1594     vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i, true);
1595     id = desc.id;
1596     if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
1597         if (desc.len % sizeof(VRingPackedDesc)) {
1598             virtio_error(vdev, "Invalid size for indirect buffer table");
1599             goto done;
1600         }
1601 
1602         /* loop over the indirect descriptor table */
1603         len = address_space_cache_init(&indirect_desc_cache, vdev->dma_as,
1604                                        desc.addr, desc.len, false);
1605         desc_cache = &indirect_desc_cache;
1606         if (len < desc.len) {
1607             virtio_error(vdev, "Cannot map indirect buffer");
1608             goto done;
1609         }
1610 
1611         max = desc.len / sizeof(VRingPackedDesc);
1612         i = 0;
1613         vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache, i, false);
1614     }
1615 
1616     /* Collect all the descriptors */
1617     do {
1618         bool map_ok;
1619 
1620         if (desc.flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) {
1621             map_ok = virtqueue_map_desc(vdev, &in_num, addr + out_num,
1622                                         iov + out_num,
1623                                         VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE - out_num, true,
1624                                         desc.addr, desc.len);
1625         } else {
1626             if (in_num) {
1627                 virtio_error(vdev, "Incorrect order for descriptors");
1628                 goto err_undo_map;
1629             }
1630             map_ok = virtqueue_map_desc(vdev, &out_num, addr, iov,
1631                                         VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE, false,
1632                                         desc.addr, desc.len);
1633         }
1634         if (!map_ok) {
1635             goto err_undo_map;
1636         }
1637 
1638         /* If we've got too many, that implies a descriptor loop. */
1639         if (++elem_entries > max) {
1640             virtio_error(vdev, "Looped descriptor");
1641             goto err_undo_map;
1642         }
1643 
1644         rc = virtqueue_packed_read_next_desc(vq, &desc, desc_cache, max, &i,
1645                                              desc_cache ==
1646                                              &indirect_desc_cache);
1647     } while (rc == VIRTQUEUE_READ_DESC_MORE);
1648 
1649     /* Now copy what we have collected and mapped */
1650     elem = virtqueue_alloc_element(sz, out_num, in_num);
1651     for (i = 0; i < out_num; i++) {
1652         elem->out_addr[i] = addr[i];
1653         elem->out_sg[i] = iov[i];
1654     }
1655     for (i = 0; i < in_num; i++) {
1656         elem->in_addr[i] = addr[out_num + i];
1657         elem->in_sg[i] = iov[out_num + i];
1658     }
1659 
1660     elem->index = id;
1661     elem->ndescs = (desc_cache == &indirect_desc_cache) ? 1 : elem_entries;
1662     vq->last_avail_idx += elem->ndescs;
1663     vq->inuse += elem->ndescs;
1664 
1665     if (vq->last_avail_idx >= vq->vring.num) {
1666         vq->last_avail_idx -= vq->vring.num;
1667         vq->last_avail_wrap_counter ^= 1;
1668     }
1669 
1670     vq->shadow_avail_idx = vq->last_avail_idx;
1671     vq->shadow_avail_wrap_counter = vq->last_avail_wrap_counter;
1672 
1673     trace_virtqueue_pop(vq, elem, elem->in_num, elem->out_num);
1674 done:
1675     address_space_cache_destroy(&indirect_desc_cache);
1676 
1677     return elem;
1678 
1679 err_undo_map:
1680     virtqueue_undo_map_desc(out_num, in_num, iov);
1681     goto done;
1682 }
1683 
1684 void *virtqueue_pop(VirtQueue *vq, size_t sz)
1685 {
1686     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
1687         return NULL;
1688     }
1689 
1690     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vq->vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1691         return virtqueue_packed_pop(vq, sz);
1692     } else {
1693         return virtqueue_split_pop(vq, sz);
1694     }
1695 }
1696 
1697 static unsigned int virtqueue_packed_drop_all(VirtQueue *vq)
1698 {
1699     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
1700     MemoryRegionCache *desc_cache;
1701     unsigned int dropped = 0;
1702     VirtQueueElement elem = {};
1703     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1704     VRingPackedDesc desc;
1705 
1706     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
1707     if (!caches) {
1708         return 0;
1709     }
1710 
1711     desc_cache = &caches->desc;
1712 
1713     virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 0);
1714 
1715     while (vq->inuse < vq->vring.num) {
1716         unsigned int idx = vq->last_avail_idx;
1717         /*
1718          * works similar to virtqueue_pop but does not map buffers
1719          * and does not allocate any memory.
1720          */
1721         vring_packed_desc_read(vdev, &desc, desc_cache,
1722                                vq->last_avail_idx , true);
1723         if (!is_desc_avail(desc.flags, vq->last_avail_wrap_counter)) {
1724             break;
1725         }
1726         elem.index = desc.id;
1727         elem.ndescs = 1;
1728         while (virtqueue_packed_read_next_desc(vq, &desc, desc_cache,
1729                                                vq->vring.num, &idx, false)) {
1730             ++elem.ndescs;
1731         }
1732         /*
1733          * immediately push the element, nothing to unmap
1734          * as both in_num and out_num are set to 0.
1735          */
1736         virtqueue_push(vq, &elem, 0);
1737         dropped++;
1738         vq->last_avail_idx += elem.ndescs;
1739         if (vq->last_avail_idx >= vq->vring.num) {
1740             vq->last_avail_idx -= vq->vring.num;
1741             vq->last_avail_wrap_counter ^= 1;
1742         }
1743     }
1744 
1745     return dropped;
1746 }
1747 
1748 static unsigned int virtqueue_split_drop_all(VirtQueue *vq)
1749 {
1750     unsigned int dropped = 0;
1751     VirtQueueElement elem = {};
1752     VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1753     bool fEventIdx = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX);
1754 
1755     while (!virtio_queue_empty(vq) && vq->inuse < vq->vring.num) {
1756         /* works similar to virtqueue_pop but does not map buffers
1757         * and does not allocate any memory */
1758         smp_rmb();
1759         if (!virtqueue_get_head(vq, vq->last_avail_idx, &elem.index)) {
1760             break;
1761         }
1762         vq->inuse++;
1763         vq->last_avail_idx++;
1764         if (fEventIdx) {
1765             vring_set_avail_event(vq, vq->last_avail_idx);
1766         }
1767         /* immediately push the element, nothing to unmap
1768          * as both in_num and out_num are set to 0 */
1769         virtqueue_push(vq, &elem, 0);
1770         dropped++;
1771     }
1772 
1773     return dropped;
1774 }
1775 
1776 /* virtqueue_drop_all:
1777  * @vq: The #VirtQueue
1778  * Drops all queued buffers and indicates them to the guest
1779  * as if they are done. Useful when buffers can not be
1780  * processed but must be returned to the guest.
1781  */
1782 unsigned int virtqueue_drop_all(VirtQueue *vq)
1783 {
1784     struct VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
1785 
1786     if (virtio_device_disabled(vq->vdev)) {
1787         return 0;
1788     }
1789 
1790     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1791         return virtqueue_packed_drop_all(vq);
1792     } else {
1793         return virtqueue_split_drop_all(vq);
1794     }
1795 }
1796 
1797 /* Reading and writing a structure directly to QEMUFile is *awful*, but
1798  * it is what QEMU has always done by mistake.  We can change it sooner
1799  * or later by bumping the version number of the affected vm states.
1800  * In the meanwhile, since the in-memory layout of VirtQueueElement
1801  * has changed, we need to marshal to and from the layout that was
1802  * used before the change.
1803  */
1804 typedef struct VirtQueueElementOld {
1805     unsigned int index;
1806     unsigned int out_num;
1807     unsigned int in_num;
1808     hwaddr in_addr[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1809     hwaddr out_addr[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1810     struct iovec in_sg[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1811     struct iovec out_sg[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE];
1812 } VirtQueueElementOld;
1813 
1814 void *qemu_get_virtqueue_element(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f, size_t sz)
1815 {
1816     VirtQueueElement *elem;
1817     VirtQueueElementOld data;
1818     int i;
1819 
1820     qemu_get_buffer(f, (uint8_t *)&data, sizeof(VirtQueueElementOld));
1821 
1822     /* TODO: teach all callers that this can fail, and return failure instead
1823      * of asserting here.
1824      * This is just one thing (there are probably more) that must be
1825      * fixed before we can allow NDEBUG compilation.
1826      */
1827     assert(ARRAY_SIZE(data.in_addr) >= data.in_num);
1828     assert(ARRAY_SIZE(data.out_addr) >= data.out_num);
1829 
1830     elem = virtqueue_alloc_element(sz, data.out_num, data.in_num);
1831     elem->index = data.index;
1832 
1833     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
1834         elem->in_addr[i] = data.in_addr[i];
1835     }
1836 
1837     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++) {
1838         elem->out_addr[i] = data.out_addr[i];
1839     }
1840 
1841     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
1842         /* Base is overwritten by virtqueue_map.  */
1843         elem->in_sg[i].iov_base = 0;
1844         elem->in_sg[i].iov_len = data.in_sg[i].iov_len;
1845     }
1846 
1847     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++) {
1848         /* Base is overwritten by virtqueue_map.  */
1849         elem->out_sg[i].iov_base = 0;
1850         elem->out_sg[i].iov_len = data.out_sg[i].iov_len;
1851     }
1852 
1853     if (virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1854         qemu_get_be32s(f, &elem->ndescs);
1855     }
1856 
1857     virtqueue_map(vdev, elem);
1858     return elem;
1859 }
1860 
1861 void qemu_put_virtqueue_element(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f,
1862                                 VirtQueueElement *elem)
1863 {
1864     VirtQueueElementOld data;
1865     int i;
1866 
1867     memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
1868     data.index = elem->index;
1869     data.in_num = elem->in_num;
1870     data.out_num = elem->out_num;
1871 
1872     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
1873         data.in_addr[i] = elem->in_addr[i];
1874     }
1875 
1876     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++) {
1877         data.out_addr[i] = elem->out_addr[i];
1878     }
1879 
1880     for (i = 0; i < elem->in_num; i++) {
1881         /* Base is overwritten by virtqueue_map when loading.  Do not
1882          * save it, as it would leak the QEMU address space layout.  */
1883         data.in_sg[i].iov_len = elem->in_sg[i].iov_len;
1884     }
1885 
1886     for (i = 0; i < elem->out_num; i++) {
1887         /* Do not save iov_base as above.  */
1888         data.out_sg[i].iov_len = elem->out_sg[i].iov_len;
1889     }
1890 
1891     if (virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
1892         qemu_put_be32s(f, &elem->ndescs);
1893     }
1894 
1895     qemu_put_buffer(f, (uint8_t *)&data, sizeof(VirtQueueElementOld));
1896 }
1897 
1898 /* virtio device */
1899 static void virtio_notify_vector(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint16_t vector)
1900 {
1901     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
1902     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
1903 
1904     if (virtio_device_disabled(vdev)) {
1905         return;
1906     }
1907 
1908     if (k->notify) {
1909         k->notify(qbus->parent, vector);
1910     }
1911 }
1912 
1913 void virtio_update_irq(VirtIODevice *vdev)
1914 {
1915     virtio_notify_vector(vdev, VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR);
1916 }
1917 
1918 static int virtio_validate_features(VirtIODevice *vdev)
1919 {
1920     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
1921 
1922     if (virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_IOMMU_PLATFORM) &&
1923         !virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_IOMMU_PLATFORM)) {
1924         return -EFAULT;
1925     }
1926 
1927     if (k->validate_features) {
1928         return k->validate_features(vdev);
1929     } else {
1930         return 0;
1931     }
1932 }
1933 
1934 int virtio_set_status(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint8_t val)
1935 {
1936     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
1937     trace_virtio_set_status(vdev, val);
1938 
1939     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
1940         if (!(vdev->status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_FEATURES_OK) &&
1941             val & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_FEATURES_OK) {
1942             int ret = virtio_validate_features(vdev);
1943 
1944             if (ret) {
1945                 return ret;
1946             }
1947         }
1948     }
1949 
1950     if ((vdev->status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK) !=
1951         (val & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK)) {
1952         virtio_set_started(vdev, val & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK);
1953     }
1954 
1955     if (k->set_status) {
1956         k->set_status(vdev, val);
1957     }
1958     vdev->status = val;
1959 
1960     return 0;
1961 }
1962 
1963 static enum virtio_device_endian virtio_default_endian(void)
1964 {
1965     if (target_words_bigendian()) {
1966         return VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_BIG;
1967     } else {
1968         return VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_LITTLE;
1969     }
1970 }
1971 
1972 static enum virtio_device_endian virtio_current_cpu_endian(void)
1973 {
1974     if (cpu_virtio_is_big_endian(current_cpu)) {
1975         return VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_BIG;
1976     } else {
1977         return VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_LITTLE;
1978     }
1979 }
1980 
1981 void virtio_reset(void *opaque)
1982 {
1983     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
1984     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
1985     int i;
1986 
1987     virtio_set_status(vdev, 0);
1988     if (current_cpu) {
1989         /* Guest initiated reset */
1990         vdev->device_endian = virtio_current_cpu_endian();
1991     } else {
1992         /* System reset */
1993         vdev->device_endian = virtio_default_endian();
1994     }
1995 
1996     if (k->reset) {
1997         k->reset(vdev);
1998     }
1999 
2000     vdev->start_on_kick = false;
2001     vdev->started = false;
2002     vdev->broken = false;
2003     vdev->guest_features = 0;
2004     vdev->queue_sel = 0;
2005     vdev->status = 0;
2006     vdev->disabled = false;
2007     qatomic_set(&vdev->isr, 0);
2008     vdev->config_vector = VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR;
2009     virtio_notify_vector(vdev, vdev->config_vector);
2010 
2011     for(i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2012         vdev->vq[i].vring.desc = 0;
2013         vdev->vq[i].vring.avail = 0;
2014         vdev->vq[i].vring.used = 0;
2015         vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx = 0;
2016         vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_idx = 0;
2017         vdev->vq[i].used_idx = 0;
2018         vdev->vq[i].last_avail_wrap_counter = true;
2019         vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_wrap_counter = true;
2020         vdev->vq[i].used_wrap_counter = true;
2021         virtio_queue_set_vector(vdev, i, VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR);
2022         vdev->vq[i].signalled_used = 0;
2023         vdev->vq[i].signalled_used_valid = false;
2024         vdev->vq[i].notification = true;
2025         vdev->vq[i].vring.num = vdev->vq[i].vring.num_default;
2026         vdev->vq[i].inuse = 0;
2027         virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(&vdev->vq[i]);
2028     }
2029 }
2030 
2031 uint32_t virtio_config_readb(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2032 {
2033     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2034     uint8_t val;
2035 
2036     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2037         return (uint32_t)-1;
2038     }
2039 
2040     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2041 
2042     val = ldub_p(vdev->config + addr);
2043     return val;
2044 }
2045 
2046 uint32_t virtio_config_readw(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2047 {
2048     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2049     uint16_t val;
2050 
2051     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2052         return (uint32_t)-1;
2053     }
2054 
2055     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2056 
2057     val = lduw_p(vdev->config + addr);
2058     return val;
2059 }
2060 
2061 uint32_t virtio_config_readl(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2062 {
2063     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2064     uint32_t val;
2065 
2066     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2067         return (uint32_t)-1;
2068     }
2069 
2070     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2071 
2072     val = ldl_p(vdev->config + addr);
2073     return val;
2074 }
2075 
2076 void virtio_config_writeb(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2077 {
2078     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2079     uint8_t val = data;
2080 
2081     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2082         return;
2083     }
2084 
2085     stb_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2086 
2087     if (k->set_config) {
2088         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2089     }
2090 }
2091 
2092 void virtio_config_writew(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2093 {
2094     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2095     uint16_t val = data;
2096 
2097     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2098         return;
2099     }
2100 
2101     stw_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2102 
2103     if (k->set_config) {
2104         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2105     }
2106 }
2107 
2108 void virtio_config_writel(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2109 {
2110     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2111     uint32_t val = data;
2112 
2113     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2114         return;
2115     }
2116 
2117     stl_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2118 
2119     if (k->set_config) {
2120         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2121     }
2122 }
2123 
2124 uint32_t virtio_config_modern_readb(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2125 {
2126     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2127     uint8_t val;
2128 
2129     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2130         return (uint32_t)-1;
2131     }
2132 
2133     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2134 
2135     val = ldub_p(vdev->config + addr);
2136     return val;
2137 }
2138 
2139 uint32_t virtio_config_modern_readw(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2140 {
2141     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2142     uint16_t val;
2143 
2144     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2145         return (uint32_t)-1;
2146     }
2147 
2148     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2149 
2150     val = lduw_le_p(vdev->config + addr);
2151     return val;
2152 }
2153 
2154 uint32_t virtio_config_modern_readl(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint32_t addr)
2155 {
2156     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2157     uint32_t val;
2158 
2159     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2160         return (uint32_t)-1;
2161     }
2162 
2163     k->get_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2164 
2165     val = ldl_le_p(vdev->config + addr);
2166     return val;
2167 }
2168 
2169 void virtio_config_modern_writeb(VirtIODevice *vdev,
2170                                  uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2171 {
2172     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2173     uint8_t val = data;
2174 
2175     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2176         return;
2177     }
2178 
2179     stb_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2180 
2181     if (k->set_config) {
2182         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2183     }
2184 }
2185 
2186 void virtio_config_modern_writew(VirtIODevice *vdev,
2187                                  uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2188 {
2189     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2190     uint16_t val = data;
2191 
2192     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2193         return;
2194     }
2195 
2196     stw_le_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2197 
2198     if (k->set_config) {
2199         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2200     }
2201 }
2202 
2203 void virtio_config_modern_writel(VirtIODevice *vdev,
2204                                  uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
2205 {
2206     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2207     uint32_t val = data;
2208 
2209     if (addr + sizeof(val) > vdev->config_len) {
2210         return;
2211     }
2212 
2213     stl_le_p(vdev->config + addr, val);
2214 
2215     if (k->set_config) {
2216         k->set_config(vdev, vdev->config);
2217     }
2218 }
2219 
2220 void virtio_queue_set_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, hwaddr addr)
2221 {
2222     if (!vdev->vq[n].vring.num) {
2223         return;
2224     }
2225     vdev->vq[n].vring.desc = addr;
2226     virtio_queue_update_rings(vdev, n);
2227 }
2228 
2229 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2230 {
2231     return vdev->vq[n].vring.desc;
2232 }
2233 
2234 void virtio_queue_set_rings(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, hwaddr desc,
2235                             hwaddr avail, hwaddr used)
2236 {
2237     if (!vdev->vq[n].vring.num) {
2238         return;
2239     }
2240     vdev->vq[n].vring.desc = desc;
2241     vdev->vq[n].vring.avail = avail;
2242     vdev->vq[n].vring.used = used;
2243     virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, n);
2244 }
2245 
2246 void virtio_queue_set_num(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, int num)
2247 {
2248     /* Don't allow guest to flip queue between existent and
2249      * nonexistent states, or to set it to an invalid size.
2250      */
2251     if (!!num != !!vdev->vq[n].vring.num ||
2252         num > VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE ||
2253         num < 0) {
2254         return;
2255     }
2256     vdev->vq[n].vring.num = num;
2257 }
2258 
2259 VirtQueue *virtio_vector_first_queue(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint16_t vector)
2260 {
2261     return QLIST_FIRST(&vdev->vector_queues[vector]);
2262 }
2263 
2264 VirtQueue *virtio_vector_next_queue(VirtQueue *vq)
2265 {
2266     return QLIST_NEXT(vq, node);
2267 }
2268 
2269 int virtio_queue_get_num(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2270 {
2271     return vdev->vq[n].vring.num;
2272 }
2273 
2274 int virtio_queue_get_max_num(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2275 {
2276     return vdev->vq[n].vring.num_default;
2277 }
2278 
2279 int virtio_get_num_queues(VirtIODevice *vdev)
2280 {
2281     int i;
2282 
2283     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2284         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, i)) {
2285             break;
2286         }
2287     }
2288 
2289     return i;
2290 }
2291 
2292 void virtio_queue_set_align(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, int align)
2293 {
2294     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2295     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2296 
2297     /* virtio-1 compliant devices cannot change the alignment */
2298     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
2299         error_report("tried to modify queue alignment for virtio-1 device");
2300         return;
2301     }
2302     /* Check that the transport told us it was going to do this
2303      * (so a buggy transport will immediately assert rather than
2304      * silently failing to migrate this state)
2305      */
2306     assert(k->has_variable_vring_alignment);
2307 
2308     if (align) {
2309         vdev->vq[n].vring.align = align;
2310         virtio_queue_update_rings(vdev, n);
2311     }
2312 }
2313 
2314 static bool virtio_queue_notify_aio_vq(VirtQueue *vq)
2315 {
2316     bool ret = false;
2317 
2318     if (vq->vring.desc && vq->handle_aio_output) {
2319         VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
2320 
2321         trace_virtio_queue_notify(vdev, vq - vdev->vq, vq);
2322         ret = vq->handle_aio_output(vdev, vq);
2323 
2324         if (unlikely(vdev->start_on_kick)) {
2325             virtio_set_started(vdev, true);
2326         }
2327     }
2328 
2329     return ret;
2330 }
2331 
2332 static void virtio_queue_notify_vq(VirtQueue *vq)
2333 {
2334     if (vq->vring.desc && vq->handle_output) {
2335         VirtIODevice *vdev = vq->vdev;
2336 
2337         if (unlikely(vdev->broken)) {
2338             return;
2339         }
2340 
2341         trace_virtio_queue_notify(vdev, vq - vdev->vq, vq);
2342         vq->handle_output(vdev, vq);
2343 
2344         if (unlikely(vdev->start_on_kick)) {
2345             virtio_set_started(vdev, true);
2346         }
2347     }
2348 }
2349 
2350 void virtio_queue_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2351 {
2352     VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
2353 
2354     if (unlikely(!vq->vring.desc || vdev->broken)) {
2355         return;
2356     }
2357 
2358     trace_virtio_queue_notify(vdev, vq - vdev->vq, vq);
2359     if (vq->host_notifier_enabled) {
2360         event_notifier_set(&vq->host_notifier);
2361     } else if (vq->handle_output) {
2362         vq->handle_output(vdev, vq);
2363 
2364         if (unlikely(vdev->start_on_kick)) {
2365             virtio_set_started(vdev, true);
2366         }
2367     }
2368 }
2369 
2370 uint16_t virtio_queue_vector(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2371 {
2372     return n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX ? vdev->vq[n].vector :
2373         VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR;
2374 }
2375 
2376 void virtio_queue_set_vector(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n, uint16_t vector)
2377 {
2378     VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
2379 
2380     if (n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX) {
2381         if (vdev->vector_queues &&
2382             vdev->vq[n].vector != VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR) {
2383             QLIST_REMOVE(vq, node);
2384         }
2385         vdev->vq[n].vector = vector;
2386         if (vdev->vector_queues &&
2387             vector != VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR) {
2388             QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vdev->vector_queues[vector], vq, node);
2389         }
2390     }
2391 }
2392 
2393 VirtQueue *virtio_add_queue(VirtIODevice *vdev, int queue_size,
2394                             VirtIOHandleOutput handle_output)
2395 {
2396     int i;
2397 
2398     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2399         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0)
2400             break;
2401     }
2402 
2403     if (i == VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX || queue_size > VIRTQUEUE_MAX_SIZE)
2404         abort();
2405 
2406     vdev->vq[i].vring.num = queue_size;
2407     vdev->vq[i].vring.num_default = queue_size;
2408     vdev->vq[i].vring.align = VIRTIO_PCI_VRING_ALIGN;
2409     vdev->vq[i].handle_output = handle_output;
2410     vdev->vq[i].handle_aio_output = NULL;
2411     vdev->vq[i].used_elems = g_malloc0(sizeof(VirtQueueElement) *
2412                                        queue_size);
2413 
2414     return &vdev->vq[i];
2415 }
2416 
2417 void virtio_delete_queue(VirtQueue *vq)
2418 {
2419     vq->vring.num = 0;
2420     vq->vring.num_default = 0;
2421     vq->handle_output = NULL;
2422     vq->handle_aio_output = NULL;
2423     g_free(vq->used_elems);
2424     vq->used_elems = NULL;
2425     virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(vq);
2426 }
2427 
2428 void virtio_del_queue(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
2429 {
2430     if (n < 0 || n >= VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX) {
2431         abort();
2432     }
2433 
2434     virtio_delete_queue(&vdev->vq[n]);
2435 }
2436 
2437 static void virtio_set_isr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int value)
2438 {
2439     uint8_t old = qatomic_read(&vdev->isr);
2440 
2441     /* Do not write ISR if it does not change, so that its cacheline remains
2442      * shared in the common case where the guest does not read it.
2443      */
2444     if ((old & value) != value) {
2445         qatomic_or(&vdev->isr, value);
2446     }
2447 }
2448 
2449 /* Called within rcu_read_lock(). */
2450 static bool virtio_split_should_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2451 {
2452     uint16_t old, new;
2453     bool v;
2454     /* We need to expose used array entries before checking used event. */
2455     smp_mb();
2456     /* Always notify when queue is empty (when feature acknowledge) */
2457     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_NOTIFY_ON_EMPTY) &&
2458         !vq->inuse && virtio_queue_empty(vq)) {
2459         return true;
2460     }
2461 
2462     if (!virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
2463         return !(vring_avail_flags(vq) & VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT);
2464     }
2465 
2466     v = vq->signalled_used_valid;
2467     vq->signalled_used_valid = true;
2468     old = vq->signalled_used;
2469     new = vq->signalled_used = vq->used_idx;
2470     return !v || vring_need_event(vring_get_used_event(vq), new, old);
2471 }
2472 
2473 static bool vring_packed_need_event(VirtQueue *vq, bool wrap,
2474                                     uint16_t off_wrap, uint16_t new,
2475                                     uint16_t old)
2476 {
2477     int off = off_wrap & ~(1 << 15);
2478 
2479     if (wrap != off_wrap >> 15) {
2480         off -= vq->vring.num;
2481     }
2482 
2483     return vring_need_event(off, new, old);
2484 }
2485 
2486 /* Called within rcu_read_lock(). */
2487 static bool virtio_packed_should_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2488 {
2489     VRingPackedDescEvent e;
2490     uint16_t old, new;
2491     bool v;
2492     VRingMemoryRegionCaches *caches;
2493 
2494     caches = vring_get_region_caches(vq);
2495     if (!caches) {
2496         return false;
2497     }
2498 
2499     vring_packed_event_read(vdev, &caches->avail, &e);
2500 
2501     old = vq->signalled_used;
2502     new = vq->signalled_used = vq->used_idx;
2503     v = vq->signalled_used_valid;
2504     vq->signalled_used_valid = true;
2505 
2506     if (e.flags == VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_DISABLE) {
2507         return false;
2508     } else if (e.flags == VRING_PACKED_EVENT_FLAG_ENABLE) {
2509         return true;
2510     }
2511 
2512     return !v || vring_packed_need_event(vq, vq->used_wrap_counter,
2513                                          e.off_wrap, new, old);
2514 }
2515 
2516 /* Called within rcu_read_lock().  */
2517 static bool virtio_should_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2518 {
2519     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
2520         return virtio_packed_should_notify(vdev, vq);
2521     } else {
2522         return virtio_split_should_notify(vdev, vq);
2523     }
2524 }
2525 
2526 void virtio_notify_irqfd(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2527 {
2528     WITH_RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD() {
2529         if (!virtio_should_notify(vdev, vq)) {
2530             return;
2531         }
2532     }
2533 
2534     trace_virtio_notify_irqfd(vdev, vq);
2535 
2536     /*
2537      * virtio spec 1.0 says ISR bit 0 should be ignored with MSI, but
2538      * windows drivers included in virtio-win 1.8.0 (circa 2015) are
2539      * incorrectly polling this bit during crashdump and hibernation
2540      * in MSI mode, causing a hang if this bit is never updated.
2541      * Recent releases of Windows do not really shut down, but rather
2542      * log out and hibernate to make the next startup faster.  Hence,
2543      * this manifested as a more serious hang during shutdown with
2544      *
2545      * Next driver release from 2016 fixed this problem, so working around it
2546      * is not a must, but it's easy to do so let's do it here.
2547      *
2548      * Note: it's safe to update ISR from any thread as it was switched
2549      * to an atomic operation.
2550      */
2551     virtio_set_isr(vq->vdev, 0x1);
2552     event_notifier_set(&vq->guest_notifier);
2553 }
2554 
2555 static void virtio_irq(VirtQueue *vq)
2556 {
2557     virtio_set_isr(vq->vdev, 0x1);
2558     virtio_notify_vector(vq->vdev, vq->vector);
2559 }
2560 
2561 void virtio_notify(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
2562 {
2563     WITH_RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD() {
2564         if (!virtio_should_notify(vdev, vq)) {
2565             return;
2566         }
2567     }
2568 
2569     trace_virtio_notify(vdev, vq);
2570     virtio_irq(vq);
2571 }
2572 
2573 void virtio_notify_config(VirtIODevice *vdev)
2574 {
2575     if (!(vdev->status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_DRIVER_OK))
2576         return;
2577 
2578     virtio_set_isr(vdev, 0x3);
2579     vdev->generation++;
2580     virtio_notify_vector(vdev, vdev->config_vector);
2581 }
2582 
2583 static bool virtio_device_endian_needed(void *opaque)
2584 {
2585     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2586 
2587     assert(vdev->device_endian != VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN);
2588     if (!virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
2589         return vdev->device_endian != virtio_default_endian();
2590     }
2591     /* Devices conforming to VIRTIO 1.0 or later are always LE. */
2592     return vdev->device_endian != VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_LITTLE;
2593 }
2594 
2595 static bool virtio_64bit_features_needed(void *opaque)
2596 {
2597     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2598 
2599     return (vdev->host_features >> 32) != 0;
2600 }
2601 
2602 static bool virtio_virtqueue_needed(void *opaque)
2603 {
2604     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2605 
2606     return virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1);
2607 }
2608 
2609 static bool virtio_packed_virtqueue_needed(void *opaque)
2610 {
2611     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2612 
2613     return virtio_host_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED);
2614 }
2615 
2616 static bool virtio_ringsize_needed(void *opaque)
2617 {
2618     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2619     int i;
2620 
2621     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2622         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num != vdev->vq[i].vring.num_default) {
2623             return true;
2624         }
2625     }
2626     return false;
2627 }
2628 
2629 static bool virtio_extra_state_needed(void *opaque)
2630 {
2631     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2632     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2633     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2634 
2635     return k->has_extra_state &&
2636         k->has_extra_state(qbus->parent);
2637 }
2638 
2639 static bool virtio_broken_needed(void *opaque)
2640 {
2641     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2642 
2643     return vdev->broken;
2644 }
2645 
2646 static bool virtio_started_needed(void *opaque)
2647 {
2648     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2649 
2650     return vdev->started;
2651 }
2652 
2653 static bool virtio_disabled_needed(void *opaque)
2654 {
2655     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
2656 
2657     return vdev->disabled;
2658 }
2659 
2660 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtqueue = {
2661     .name = "virtqueue_state",
2662     .version_id = 1,
2663     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2664     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2665         VMSTATE_UINT64(vring.avail, struct VirtQueue),
2666         VMSTATE_UINT64(vring.used, struct VirtQueue),
2667         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2668     }
2669 };
2670 
2671 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_packed_virtqueue = {
2672     .name = "packed_virtqueue_state",
2673     .version_id = 1,
2674     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2675     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2676         VMSTATE_UINT16(last_avail_idx, struct VirtQueue),
2677         VMSTATE_BOOL(last_avail_wrap_counter, struct VirtQueue),
2678         VMSTATE_UINT16(used_idx, struct VirtQueue),
2679         VMSTATE_BOOL(used_wrap_counter, struct VirtQueue),
2680         VMSTATE_UINT32(inuse, struct VirtQueue),
2681         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2682     }
2683 };
2684 
2685 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_virtqueues = {
2686     .name = "virtio/virtqueues",
2687     .version_id = 1,
2688     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2689     .needed = &virtio_virtqueue_needed,
2690     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2691         VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_POINTER_KNOWN(vq, struct VirtIODevice,
2692                       VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX, 0, vmstate_virtqueue, VirtQueue),
2693         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2694     }
2695 };
2696 
2697 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_packed_virtqueues = {
2698     .name = "virtio/packed_virtqueues",
2699     .version_id = 1,
2700     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2701     .needed = &virtio_packed_virtqueue_needed,
2702     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2703         VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_POINTER_KNOWN(vq, struct VirtIODevice,
2704                       VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX, 0, vmstate_packed_virtqueue, VirtQueue),
2705         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2706     }
2707 };
2708 
2709 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_ringsize = {
2710     .name = "ringsize_state",
2711     .version_id = 1,
2712     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2713     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2714         VMSTATE_UINT32(vring.num_default, struct VirtQueue),
2715         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2716     }
2717 };
2718 
2719 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_ringsize = {
2720     .name = "virtio/ringsize",
2721     .version_id = 1,
2722     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2723     .needed = &virtio_ringsize_needed,
2724     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2725         VMSTATE_STRUCT_VARRAY_POINTER_KNOWN(vq, struct VirtIODevice,
2726                       VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX, 0, vmstate_ringsize, VirtQueue),
2727         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2728     }
2729 };
2730 
2731 static int get_extra_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size,
2732                            const VMStateField *field)
2733 {
2734     VirtIODevice *vdev = pv;
2735     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2736     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2737 
2738     if (!k->load_extra_state) {
2739         return -1;
2740     } else {
2741         return k->load_extra_state(qbus->parent, f);
2742     }
2743 }
2744 
2745 static int put_extra_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size,
2746                            const VMStateField *field, JSONWriter *vmdesc)
2747 {
2748     VirtIODevice *vdev = pv;
2749     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2750     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2751 
2752     k->save_extra_state(qbus->parent, f);
2753     return 0;
2754 }
2755 
2756 static const VMStateInfo vmstate_info_extra_state = {
2757     .name = "virtqueue_extra_state",
2758     .get = get_extra_state,
2759     .put = put_extra_state,
2760 };
2761 
2762 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_extra_state = {
2763     .name = "virtio/extra_state",
2764     .version_id = 1,
2765     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2766     .needed = &virtio_extra_state_needed,
2767     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2768         {
2769             .name         = "extra_state",
2770             .version_id   = 0,
2771             .field_exists = NULL,
2772             .size         = 0,
2773             .info         = &vmstate_info_extra_state,
2774             .flags        = VMS_SINGLE,
2775             .offset       = 0,
2776         },
2777         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2778     }
2779 };
2780 
2781 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_device_endian = {
2782     .name = "virtio/device_endian",
2783     .version_id = 1,
2784     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2785     .needed = &virtio_device_endian_needed,
2786     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2787         VMSTATE_UINT8(device_endian, VirtIODevice),
2788         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2789     }
2790 };
2791 
2792 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_64bit_features = {
2793     .name = "virtio/64bit_features",
2794     .version_id = 1,
2795     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2796     .needed = &virtio_64bit_features_needed,
2797     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2798         VMSTATE_UINT64(guest_features, VirtIODevice),
2799         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2800     }
2801 };
2802 
2803 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_broken = {
2804     .name = "virtio/broken",
2805     .version_id = 1,
2806     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2807     .needed = &virtio_broken_needed,
2808     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2809         VMSTATE_BOOL(broken, VirtIODevice),
2810         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2811     }
2812 };
2813 
2814 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_started = {
2815     .name = "virtio/started",
2816     .version_id = 1,
2817     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2818     .needed = &virtio_started_needed,
2819     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2820         VMSTATE_BOOL(started, VirtIODevice),
2821         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2822     }
2823 };
2824 
2825 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_disabled = {
2826     .name = "virtio/disabled",
2827     .version_id = 1,
2828     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2829     .needed = &virtio_disabled_needed,
2830     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2831         VMSTATE_BOOL(disabled, VirtIODevice),
2832         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2833     }
2834 };
2835 
2836 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio = {
2837     .name = "virtio",
2838     .version_id = 1,
2839     .minimum_version_id = 1,
2840     .minimum_version_id_old = 1,
2841     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
2842         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
2843     },
2844     .subsections = (const VMStateDescription*[]) {
2845         &vmstate_virtio_device_endian,
2846         &vmstate_virtio_64bit_features,
2847         &vmstate_virtio_virtqueues,
2848         &vmstate_virtio_ringsize,
2849         &vmstate_virtio_broken,
2850         &vmstate_virtio_extra_state,
2851         &vmstate_virtio_started,
2852         &vmstate_virtio_packed_virtqueues,
2853         &vmstate_virtio_disabled,
2854         NULL
2855     }
2856 };
2857 
2858 int virtio_save(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f)
2859 {
2860     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
2861     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
2862     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2863     uint32_t guest_features_lo = (vdev->guest_features & 0xffffffff);
2864     int i;
2865 
2866     if (k->save_config) {
2867         k->save_config(qbus->parent, f);
2868     }
2869 
2870     qemu_put_8s(f, &vdev->status);
2871     qemu_put_8s(f, &vdev->isr);
2872     qemu_put_be16s(f, &vdev->queue_sel);
2873     qemu_put_be32s(f, &guest_features_lo);
2874     qemu_put_be32(f, vdev->config_len);
2875     qemu_put_buffer(f, vdev->config, vdev->config_len);
2876 
2877     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2878         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0)
2879             break;
2880     }
2881 
2882     qemu_put_be32(f, i);
2883 
2884     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2885         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0)
2886             break;
2887 
2888         qemu_put_be32(f, vdev->vq[i].vring.num);
2889         if (k->has_variable_vring_alignment) {
2890             qemu_put_be32(f, vdev->vq[i].vring.align);
2891         }
2892         /*
2893          * Save desc now, the rest of the ring addresses are saved in
2894          * subsections for VIRTIO-1 devices.
2895          */
2896         qemu_put_be64(f, vdev->vq[i].vring.desc);
2897         qemu_put_be16s(f, &vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx);
2898         if (k->save_queue) {
2899             k->save_queue(qbus->parent, i, f);
2900         }
2901     }
2902 
2903     if (vdc->save != NULL) {
2904         vdc->save(vdev, f);
2905     }
2906 
2907     if (vdc->vmsd) {
2908         int ret = vmstate_save_state(f, vdc->vmsd, vdev, NULL);
2909         if (ret) {
2910             return ret;
2911         }
2912     }
2913 
2914     /* Subsections */
2915     return vmstate_save_state(f, &vmstate_virtio, vdev, NULL);
2916 }
2917 
2918 /* A wrapper for use as a VMState .put function */
2919 static int virtio_device_put(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, size_t size,
2920                               const VMStateField *field, JSONWriter *vmdesc)
2921 {
2922     return virtio_save(VIRTIO_DEVICE(opaque), f);
2923 }
2924 
2925 /* A wrapper for use as a VMState .get function */
2926 static int virtio_device_get(QEMUFile *f, void *opaque, size_t size,
2927                              const VMStateField *field)
2928 {
2929     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(opaque);
2930     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev));
2931 
2932     return virtio_load(vdev, f, dc->vmsd->version_id);
2933 }
2934 
2935 const VMStateInfo  virtio_vmstate_info = {
2936     .name = "virtio",
2937     .get = virtio_device_get,
2938     .put = virtio_device_put,
2939 };
2940 
2941 static int virtio_set_features_nocheck(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint64_t val)
2942 {
2943     VirtioDeviceClass *k = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
2944     bool bad = (val & ~(vdev->host_features)) != 0;
2945 
2946     val &= vdev->host_features;
2947     if (k->set_features) {
2948         k->set_features(vdev, val);
2949     }
2950     vdev->guest_features = val;
2951     return bad ? -1 : 0;
2952 }
2953 
2954 int virtio_set_features(VirtIODevice *vdev, uint64_t val)
2955 {
2956     int ret;
2957     /*
2958      * The driver must not attempt to set features after feature negotiation
2959      * has finished.
2960      */
2961     if (vdev->status & VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_FEATURES_OK) {
2962         return -EINVAL;
2963     }
2964     ret = virtio_set_features_nocheck(vdev, val);
2965     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX)) {
2966         /* VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX changes the size of the caches.  */
2967         int i;
2968         for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
2969             if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num != 0) {
2970                 virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, i);
2971             }
2972         }
2973     }
2974     if (!ret) {
2975         if (!virtio_device_started(vdev, vdev->status) &&
2976             !virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
2977             vdev->start_on_kick = true;
2978         }
2979     }
2980     return ret;
2981 }
2982 
2983 size_t virtio_feature_get_config_size(const VirtIOFeature *feature_sizes,
2984                                       uint64_t host_features)
2985 {
2986     size_t config_size = 0;
2987     int i;
2988 
2989     for (i = 0; feature_sizes[i].flags != 0; i++) {
2990         if (host_features & feature_sizes[i].flags) {
2991             config_size = MAX(feature_sizes[i].end, config_size);
2992         }
2993     }
2994 
2995     return config_size;
2996 }
2997 
2998 int virtio_load(VirtIODevice *vdev, QEMUFile *f, int version_id)
2999 {
3000     int i, ret;
3001     int32_t config_len;
3002     uint32_t num;
3003     uint32_t features;
3004     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3005     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3006     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(vdev);
3007 
3008     /*
3009      * We poison the endianness to ensure it does not get used before
3010      * subsections have been loaded.
3011      */
3012     vdev->device_endian = VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN;
3013 
3014     if (k->load_config) {
3015         ret = k->load_config(qbus->parent, f);
3016         if (ret)
3017             return ret;
3018     }
3019 
3020     qemu_get_8s(f, &vdev->status);
3021     qemu_get_8s(f, &vdev->isr);
3022     qemu_get_be16s(f, &vdev->queue_sel);
3023     if (vdev->queue_sel >= VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX) {
3024         return -1;
3025     }
3026     qemu_get_be32s(f, &features);
3027 
3028     /*
3029      * Temporarily set guest_features low bits - needed by
3030      * virtio net load code testing for VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_GUEST_OFFLOADS
3031      * VIRTIO_NET_F_GUEST_ANNOUNCE and VIRTIO_NET_F_CTRL_VQ.
3032      *
3033      * Note: devices should always test host features in future - don't create
3034      * new dependencies like this.
3035      */
3036     vdev->guest_features = features;
3037 
3038     config_len = qemu_get_be32(f);
3039 
3040     /*
3041      * There are cases where the incoming config can be bigger or smaller
3042      * than what we have; so load what we have space for, and skip
3043      * any excess that's in the stream.
3044      */
3045     qemu_get_buffer(f, vdev->config, MIN(config_len, vdev->config_len));
3046 
3047     while (config_len > vdev->config_len) {
3048         qemu_get_byte(f);
3049         config_len--;
3050     }
3051 
3052     num = qemu_get_be32(f);
3053 
3054     if (num > VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX) {
3055         error_report("Invalid number of virtqueues: 0x%x", num);
3056         return -1;
3057     }
3058 
3059     for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
3060         vdev->vq[i].vring.num = qemu_get_be32(f);
3061         if (k->has_variable_vring_alignment) {
3062             vdev->vq[i].vring.align = qemu_get_be32(f);
3063         }
3064         vdev->vq[i].vring.desc = qemu_get_be64(f);
3065         qemu_get_be16s(f, &vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx);
3066         vdev->vq[i].signalled_used_valid = false;
3067         vdev->vq[i].notification = true;
3068 
3069         if (!vdev->vq[i].vring.desc && vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx) {
3070             error_report("VQ %d address 0x0 "
3071                          "inconsistent with Host index 0x%x",
3072                          i, vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx);
3073             return -1;
3074         }
3075         if (k->load_queue) {
3076             ret = k->load_queue(qbus->parent, i, f);
3077             if (ret)
3078                 return ret;
3079         }
3080     }
3081 
3082     virtio_notify_vector(vdev, VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR);
3083 
3084     if (vdc->load != NULL) {
3085         ret = vdc->load(vdev, f, version_id);
3086         if (ret) {
3087             return ret;
3088         }
3089     }
3090 
3091     if (vdc->vmsd) {
3092         ret = vmstate_load_state(f, vdc->vmsd, vdev, version_id);
3093         if (ret) {
3094             return ret;
3095         }
3096     }
3097 
3098     /* Subsections */
3099     ret = vmstate_load_state(f, &vmstate_virtio, vdev, 1);
3100     if (ret) {
3101         return ret;
3102     }
3103 
3104     if (vdev->device_endian == VIRTIO_DEVICE_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN) {
3105         vdev->device_endian = virtio_default_endian();
3106     }
3107 
3108     if (virtio_64bit_features_needed(vdev)) {
3109         /*
3110          * Subsection load filled vdev->guest_features.  Run them
3111          * through virtio_set_features to sanity-check them against
3112          * host_features.
3113          */
3114         uint64_t features64 = vdev->guest_features;
3115         if (virtio_set_features_nocheck(vdev, features64) < 0) {
3116             error_report("Features 0x%" PRIx64 " unsupported. "
3117                          "Allowed features: 0x%" PRIx64,
3118                          features64, vdev->host_features);
3119             return -1;
3120         }
3121     } else {
3122         if (virtio_set_features_nocheck(vdev, features) < 0) {
3123             error_report("Features 0x%x unsupported. "
3124                          "Allowed features: 0x%" PRIx64,
3125                          features, vdev->host_features);
3126             return -1;
3127         }
3128     }
3129 
3130     if (!virtio_device_started(vdev, vdev->status) &&
3131         !virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
3132         vdev->start_on_kick = true;
3133     }
3134 
3135     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
3136     for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
3137         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.desc) {
3138             uint16_t nheads;
3139 
3140             /*
3141              * VIRTIO-1 devices migrate desc, used, and avail ring addresses so
3142              * only the region cache needs to be set up.  Legacy devices need
3143              * to calculate used and avail ring addresses based on the desc
3144              * address.
3145              */
3146             if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
3147                 virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, i);
3148             } else {
3149                 virtio_queue_update_rings(vdev, i);
3150             }
3151 
3152             if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3153                 vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_idx = vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx;
3154                 vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_wrap_counter =
3155                                         vdev->vq[i].last_avail_wrap_counter;
3156                 continue;
3157             }
3158 
3159             nheads = vring_avail_idx(&vdev->vq[i]) - vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx;
3160             /* Check it isn't doing strange things with descriptor numbers. */
3161             if (nheads > vdev->vq[i].vring.num) {
3162                 virtio_error(vdev, "VQ %d size 0x%x Guest index 0x%x "
3163                              "inconsistent with Host index 0x%x: delta 0x%x",
3164                              i, vdev->vq[i].vring.num,
3165                              vring_avail_idx(&vdev->vq[i]),
3166                              vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx, nheads);
3167                 vdev->vq[i].used_idx = 0;
3168                 vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_idx = 0;
3169                 vdev->vq[i].inuse = 0;
3170                 continue;
3171             }
3172             vdev->vq[i].used_idx = vring_used_idx(&vdev->vq[i]);
3173             vdev->vq[i].shadow_avail_idx = vring_avail_idx(&vdev->vq[i]);
3174 
3175             /*
3176              * Some devices migrate VirtQueueElements that have been popped
3177              * from the avail ring but not yet returned to the used ring.
3178              * Since max ring size < UINT16_MAX it's safe to use modulo
3179              * UINT16_MAX + 1 subtraction.
3180              */
3181             vdev->vq[i].inuse = (uint16_t)(vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx -
3182                                 vdev->vq[i].used_idx);
3183             if (vdev->vq[i].inuse > vdev->vq[i].vring.num) {
3184                 error_report("VQ %d size 0x%x < last_avail_idx 0x%x - "
3185                              "used_idx 0x%x",
3186                              i, vdev->vq[i].vring.num,
3187                              vdev->vq[i].last_avail_idx,
3188                              vdev->vq[i].used_idx);
3189                 return -1;
3190             }
3191         }
3192     }
3193 
3194     if (vdc->post_load) {
3195         ret = vdc->post_load(vdev);
3196         if (ret) {
3197             return ret;
3198         }
3199     }
3200 
3201     return 0;
3202 }
3203 
3204 void virtio_cleanup(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3205 {
3206     qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(vdev->vmstate);
3207 }
3208 
3209 static void virtio_vmstate_change(void *opaque, bool running, RunState state)
3210 {
3211     VirtIODevice *vdev = opaque;
3212     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3213     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3214     bool backend_run = running && virtio_device_started(vdev, vdev->status);
3215     vdev->vm_running = running;
3216 
3217     if (backend_run) {
3218         virtio_set_status(vdev, vdev->status);
3219     }
3220 
3221     if (k->vmstate_change) {
3222         k->vmstate_change(qbus->parent, backend_run);
3223     }
3224 
3225     if (!backend_run) {
3226         virtio_set_status(vdev, vdev->status);
3227     }
3228 }
3229 
3230 void virtio_instance_init_common(Object *proxy_obj, void *data,
3231                                  size_t vdev_size, const char *vdev_name)
3232 {
3233     DeviceState *vdev = data;
3234 
3235     object_initialize_child_with_props(proxy_obj, "virtio-backend", vdev,
3236                                        vdev_size, vdev_name, &error_abort,
3237                                        NULL);
3238     qdev_alias_all_properties(vdev, proxy_obj);
3239 }
3240 
3241 void virtio_init(VirtIODevice *vdev, const char *name,
3242                  uint16_t device_id, size_t config_size)
3243 {
3244     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3245     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3246     int i;
3247     int nvectors = k->query_nvectors ? k->query_nvectors(qbus->parent) : 0;
3248 
3249     if (nvectors) {
3250         vdev->vector_queues =
3251             g_malloc0(sizeof(*vdev->vector_queues) * nvectors);
3252     }
3253 
3254     vdev->start_on_kick = false;
3255     vdev->started = false;
3256     vdev->device_id = device_id;
3257     vdev->status = 0;
3258     qatomic_set(&vdev->isr, 0);
3259     vdev->queue_sel = 0;
3260     vdev->config_vector = VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR;
3261     vdev->vq = g_malloc0(sizeof(VirtQueue) * VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX);
3262     vdev->vm_running = runstate_is_running();
3263     vdev->broken = false;
3264     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
3265         vdev->vq[i].vector = VIRTIO_NO_VECTOR;
3266         vdev->vq[i].vdev = vdev;
3267         vdev->vq[i].queue_index = i;
3268         vdev->vq[i].host_notifier_enabled = false;
3269     }
3270 
3271     vdev->name = name;
3272     vdev->config_len = config_size;
3273     if (vdev->config_len) {
3274         vdev->config = g_malloc0(config_size);
3275     } else {
3276         vdev->config = NULL;
3277     }
3278     vdev->vmstate = qdev_add_vm_change_state_handler(DEVICE(vdev),
3279             virtio_vmstate_change, vdev);
3280     vdev->device_endian = virtio_default_endian();
3281     vdev->use_guest_notifier_mask = true;
3282 }
3283 
3284 /*
3285  * Only devices that have already been around prior to defining the virtio
3286  * standard support legacy mode; this includes devices not specified in the
3287  * standard. All newer devices conform to the virtio standard only.
3288  */
3289 bool virtio_legacy_allowed(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3290 {
3291     switch (vdev->device_id) {
3292     case VIRTIO_ID_NET:
3293     case VIRTIO_ID_BLOCK:
3294     case VIRTIO_ID_CONSOLE:
3295     case VIRTIO_ID_RNG:
3296     case VIRTIO_ID_BALLOON:
3297     case VIRTIO_ID_RPMSG:
3298     case VIRTIO_ID_SCSI:
3299     case VIRTIO_ID_9P:
3300     case VIRTIO_ID_RPROC_SERIAL:
3301     case VIRTIO_ID_CAIF:
3302         return true;
3303     default:
3304         return false;
3305     }
3306 }
3307 
3308 bool virtio_legacy_check_disabled(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3309 {
3310     return vdev->disable_legacy_check;
3311 }
3312 
3313 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_desc_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3314 {
3315     return vdev->vq[n].vring.desc;
3316 }
3317 
3318 bool virtio_queue_enabled_legacy(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3319 {
3320     return virtio_queue_get_desc_addr(vdev, n) != 0;
3321 }
3322 
3323 bool virtio_queue_enabled(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3324 {
3325     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3326     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3327 
3328     if (k->queue_enabled) {
3329         return k->queue_enabled(qbus->parent, n);
3330     }
3331     return virtio_queue_enabled_legacy(vdev, n);
3332 }
3333 
3334 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_avail_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3335 {
3336     return vdev->vq[n].vring.avail;
3337 }
3338 
3339 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_used_addr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3340 {
3341     return vdev->vq[n].vring.used;
3342 }
3343 
3344 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_desc_size(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3345 {
3346     return sizeof(VRingDesc) * vdev->vq[n].vring.num;
3347 }
3348 
3349 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_avail_size(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3350 {
3351     int s;
3352 
3353     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3354         return sizeof(struct VRingPackedDescEvent);
3355     }
3356 
3357     s = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX) ? 2 : 0;
3358     return offsetof(VRingAvail, ring) +
3359         sizeof(uint16_t) * vdev->vq[n].vring.num + s;
3360 }
3361 
3362 hwaddr virtio_queue_get_used_size(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3363 {
3364     int s;
3365 
3366     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3367         return sizeof(struct VRingPackedDescEvent);
3368     }
3369 
3370     s = virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX) ? 2 : 0;
3371     return offsetof(VRingUsed, ring) +
3372         sizeof(VRingUsedElem) * vdev->vq[n].vring.num + s;
3373 }
3374 
3375 static unsigned int virtio_queue_packed_get_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3376                                                            int n)
3377 {
3378     unsigned int avail, used;
3379 
3380     avail = vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx;
3381     avail |= ((uint16_t)vdev->vq[n].last_avail_wrap_counter) << 15;
3382 
3383     used = vdev->vq[n].used_idx;
3384     used |= ((uint16_t)vdev->vq[n].used_wrap_counter) << 15;
3385 
3386     return avail | used << 16;
3387 }
3388 
3389 static uint16_t virtio_queue_split_get_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3390                                                       int n)
3391 {
3392     return vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx;
3393 }
3394 
3395 unsigned int virtio_queue_get_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3396 {
3397     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3398         return virtio_queue_packed_get_last_avail_idx(vdev, n);
3399     } else {
3400         return virtio_queue_split_get_last_avail_idx(vdev, n);
3401     }
3402 }
3403 
3404 static void virtio_queue_packed_set_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3405                                                    int n, unsigned int idx)
3406 {
3407     struct VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3408 
3409     vq->last_avail_idx = vq->shadow_avail_idx = idx & 0x7fff;
3410     vq->last_avail_wrap_counter =
3411         vq->shadow_avail_wrap_counter = !!(idx & 0x8000);
3412     idx >>= 16;
3413     vq->used_idx = idx & 0x7ffff;
3414     vq->used_wrap_counter = !!(idx & 0x8000);
3415 }
3416 
3417 static void virtio_queue_split_set_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3418                                                   int n, unsigned int idx)
3419 {
3420         vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx = idx;
3421         vdev->vq[n].shadow_avail_idx = idx;
3422 }
3423 
3424 void virtio_queue_set_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n,
3425                                      unsigned int idx)
3426 {
3427     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3428         virtio_queue_packed_set_last_avail_idx(vdev, n, idx);
3429     } else {
3430         virtio_queue_split_set_last_avail_idx(vdev, n, idx);
3431     }
3432 }
3433 
3434 static void virtio_queue_packed_restore_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3435                                                        int n)
3436 {
3437     /* We don't have a reference like avail idx in shared memory */
3438     return;
3439 }
3440 
3441 static void virtio_queue_split_restore_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev,
3442                                                       int n)
3443 {
3444     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
3445     if (vdev->vq[n].vring.desc) {
3446         vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx = vring_used_idx(&vdev->vq[n]);
3447         vdev->vq[n].shadow_avail_idx = vdev->vq[n].last_avail_idx;
3448     }
3449 }
3450 
3451 void virtio_queue_restore_last_avail_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3452 {
3453     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3454         virtio_queue_packed_restore_last_avail_idx(vdev, n);
3455     } else {
3456         virtio_queue_split_restore_last_avail_idx(vdev, n);
3457     }
3458 }
3459 
3460 static void virtio_queue_packed_update_used_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3461 {
3462     /* used idx was updated through set_last_avail_idx() */
3463     return;
3464 }
3465 
3466 static void virtio_split_packed_update_used_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3467 {
3468     RCU_READ_LOCK_GUARD();
3469     if (vdev->vq[n].vring.desc) {
3470         vdev->vq[n].used_idx = vring_used_idx(&vdev->vq[n]);
3471     }
3472 }
3473 
3474 void virtio_queue_update_used_idx(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3475 {
3476     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_RING_PACKED)) {
3477         return virtio_queue_packed_update_used_idx(vdev, n);
3478     } else {
3479         return virtio_split_packed_update_used_idx(vdev, n);
3480     }
3481 }
3482 
3483 void virtio_queue_invalidate_signalled_used(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3484 {
3485     vdev->vq[n].signalled_used_valid = false;
3486 }
3487 
3488 VirtQueue *virtio_get_queue(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n)
3489 {
3490     return vdev->vq + n;
3491 }
3492 
3493 uint16_t virtio_get_queue_index(VirtQueue *vq)
3494 {
3495     return vq->queue_index;
3496 }
3497 
3498 static void virtio_queue_guest_notifier_read(EventNotifier *n)
3499 {
3500     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, guest_notifier);
3501     if (event_notifier_test_and_clear(n)) {
3502         virtio_irq(vq);
3503     }
3504 }
3505 
3506 void virtio_queue_set_guest_notifier_fd_handler(VirtQueue *vq, bool assign,
3507                                                 bool with_irqfd)
3508 {
3509     if (assign && !with_irqfd) {
3510         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->guest_notifier,
3511                                    virtio_queue_guest_notifier_read);
3512     } else {
3513         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->guest_notifier, NULL);
3514     }
3515     if (!assign) {
3516         /* Test and clear notifier before closing it,
3517          * in case poll callback didn't have time to run. */
3518         virtio_queue_guest_notifier_read(&vq->guest_notifier);
3519     }
3520 }
3521 
3522 EventNotifier *virtio_queue_get_guest_notifier(VirtQueue *vq)
3523 {
3524     return &vq->guest_notifier;
3525 }
3526 
3527 static void virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_read(EventNotifier *n)
3528 {
3529     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3530     if (event_notifier_test_and_clear(n)) {
3531         virtio_queue_notify_aio_vq(vq);
3532     }
3533 }
3534 
3535 static void virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_begin(EventNotifier *n)
3536 {
3537     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3538 
3539     virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 0);
3540 }
3541 
3542 static bool virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll(void *opaque)
3543 {
3544     EventNotifier *n = opaque;
3545     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3546 
3547     if (!vq->vring.desc || virtio_queue_empty(vq)) {
3548         return false;
3549     }
3550 
3551     return virtio_queue_notify_aio_vq(vq);
3552 }
3553 
3554 static void virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_end(EventNotifier *n)
3555 {
3556     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3557 
3558     /* Caller polls once more after this to catch requests that race with us */
3559     virtio_queue_set_notification(vq, 1);
3560 }
3561 
3562 void virtio_queue_aio_set_host_notifier_handler(VirtQueue *vq, AioContext *ctx,
3563                                                 VirtIOHandleAIOOutput handle_output)
3564 {
3565     if (handle_output) {
3566         vq->handle_aio_output = handle_output;
3567         aio_set_event_notifier(ctx, &vq->host_notifier, true,
3568                                virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_read,
3569                                virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll);
3570         aio_set_event_notifier_poll(ctx, &vq->host_notifier,
3571                                     virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_begin,
3572                                     virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_poll_end);
3573     } else {
3574         aio_set_event_notifier(ctx, &vq->host_notifier, true, NULL, NULL);
3575         /* Test and clear notifier before after disabling event,
3576          * in case poll callback didn't have time to run. */
3577         virtio_queue_host_notifier_aio_read(&vq->host_notifier);
3578         vq->handle_aio_output = NULL;
3579     }
3580 }
3581 
3582 void virtio_queue_host_notifier_read(EventNotifier *n)
3583 {
3584     VirtQueue *vq = container_of(n, VirtQueue, host_notifier);
3585     if (event_notifier_test_and_clear(n)) {
3586         virtio_queue_notify_vq(vq);
3587     }
3588 }
3589 
3590 EventNotifier *virtio_queue_get_host_notifier(VirtQueue *vq)
3591 {
3592     return &vq->host_notifier;
3593 }
3594 
3595 void virtio_queue_set_host_notifier_enabled(VirtQueue *vq, bool enabled)
3596 {
3597     vq->host_notifier_enabled = enabled;
3598 }
3599 
3600 int virtio_queue_set_host_notifier_mr(VirtIODevice *vdev, int n,
3601                                       MemoryRegion *mr, bool assign)
3602 {
3603     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3604     VirtioBusClass *k = VIRTIO_BUS_GET_CLASS(qbus);
3605 
3606     if (k->set_host_notifier_mr) {
3607         return k->set_host_notifier_mr(qbus->parent, n, mr, assign);
3608     }
3609 
3610     return -1;
3611 }
3612 
3613 void virtio_device_set_child_bus_name(VirtIODevice *vdev, char *bus_name)
3614 {
3615     g_free(vdev->bus_name);
3616     vdev->bus_name = g_strdup(bus_name);
3617 }
3618 
3619 void GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) virtio_error(VirtIODevice *vdev, const char *fmt, ...)
3620 {
3621     va_list ap;
3622 
3623     va_start(ap, fmt);
3624     error_vreport(fmt, ap);
3625     va_end(ap);
3626 
3627     if (virtio_vdev_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
3628         vdev->status = vdev->status | VIRTIO_CONFIG_S_NEEDS_RESET;
3629         virtio_notify_config(vdev);
3630     }
3631 
3632     vdev->broken = true;
3633 }
3634 
3635 static void virtio_memory_listener_commit(MemoryListener *listener)
3636 {
3637     VirtIODevice *vdev = container_of(listener, VirtIODevice, listener);
3638     int i;
3639 
3640     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
3641         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0) {
3642             break;
3643         }
3644         virtio_init_region_cache(vdev, i);
3645     }
3646 }
3647 
3648 static void virtio_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
3649 {
3650     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(dev);
3651     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
3652     Error *err = NULL;
3653 
3654     /* Devices should either use vmsd or the load/save methods */
3655     assert(!vdc->vmsd || !vdc->load);
3656 
3657     if (vdc->realize != NULL) {
3658         vdc->realize(dev, &err);
3659         if (err != NULL) {
3660             error_propagate(errp, err);
3661             return;
3662         }
3663     }
3664 
3665     virtio_bus_device_plugged(vdev, &err);
3666     if (err != NULL) {
3667         error_propagate(errp, err);
3668         vdc->unrealize(dev);
3669         return;
3670     }
3671 
3672     vdev->listener.commit = virtio_memory_listener_commit;
3673     memory_listener_register(&vdev->listener, vdev->dma_as);
3674 }
3675 
3676 static void virtio_device_unrealize(DeviceState *dev)
3677 {
3678     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(dev);
3679     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
3680 
3681     memory_listener_unregister(&vdev->listener);
3682     virtio_bus_device_unplugged(vdev);
3683 
3684     if (vdc->unrealize != NULL) {
3685         vdc->unrealize(dev);
3686     }
3687 
3688     g_free(vdev->bus_name);
3689     vdev->bus_name = NULL;
3690 }
3691 
3692 static void virtio_device_free_virtqueues(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3693 {
3694     int i;
3695     if (!vdev->vq) {
3696         return;
3697     }
3698 
3699     for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; i++) {
3700         if (vdev->vq[i].vring.num == 0) {
3701             break;
3702         }
3703         virtio_virtqueue_reset_region_cache(&vdev->vq[i]);
3704     }
3705     g_free(vdev->vq);
3706 }
3707 
3708 static void virtio_device_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
3709 {
3710     VirtIODevice *vdev = VIRTIO_DEVICE(obj);
3711 
3712     virtio_device_free_virtqueues(vdev);
3713 
3714     g_free(vdev->config);
3715     g_free(vdev->vector_queues);
3716 }
3717 
3718 static Property virtio_properties[] = {
3719     DEFINE_VIRTIO_COMMON_FEATURES(VirtIODevice, host_features),
3720     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("use-started", VirtIODevice, use_started, true),
3721     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("use-disabled-flag", VirtIODevice, use_disabled_flag, true),
3722     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("x-disable-legacy-check", VirtIODevice,
3723                      disable_legacy_check, false),
3724     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
3725 };
3726 
3727 static int virtio_device_start_ioeventfd_impl(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3728 {
3729     VirtioBusState *qbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev)));
3730     int i, n, r, err;
3731 
3732     /*
3733      * Batch all the host notifiers in a single transaction to avoid
3734      * quadratic time complexity in address_space_update_ioeventfds().
3735      */
3736     memory_region_transaction_begin();
3737     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
3738         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3739         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
3740             continue;
3741         }
3742         r = virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(qbus, n, true);
3743         if (r < 0) {
3744             err = r;
3745             goto assign_error;
3746         }
3747         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->host_notifier,
3748                                    virtio_queue_host_notifier_read);
3749     }
3750 
3751     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
3752         /* Kick right away to begin processing requests already in vring */
3753         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3754         if (!vq->vring.num) {
3755             continue;
3756         }
3757         event_notifier_set(&vq->host_notifier);
3758     }
3759     memory_region_transaction_commit();
3760     return 0;
3761 
3762 assign_error:
3763     i = n; /* save n for a second iteration after transaction is committed. */
3764     while (--n >= 0) {
3765         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3766         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
3767             continue;
3768         }
3769 
3770         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->host_notifier, NULL);
3771         r = virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(qbus, n, false);
3772         assert(r >= 0);
3773     }
3774     /*
3775      * The transaction expects the ioeventfds to be open when it
3776      * commits. Do it now, before the cleanup loop.
3777      */
3778     memory_region_transaction_commit();
3779 
3780     while (--i >= 0) {
3781         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, i)) {
3782             continue;
3783         }
3784         virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(qbus, i);
3785     }
3786     return err;
3787 }
3788 
3789 int virtio_device_start_ioeventfd(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3790 {
3791     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3792     VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
3793 
3794     return virtio_bus_start_ioeventfd(vbus);
3795 }
3796 
3797 static void virtio_device_stop_ioeventfd_impl(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3798 {
3799     VirtioBusState *qbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev)));
3800     int n, r;
3801 
3802     /*
3803      * Batch all the host notifiers in a single transaction to avoid
3804      * quadratic time complexity in address_space_update_ioeventfds().
3805      */
3806     memory_region_transaction_begin();
3807     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
3808         VirtQueue *vq = &vdev->vq[n];
3809 
3810         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
3811             continue;
3812         }
3813         event_notifier_set_handler(&vq->host_notifier, NULL);
3814         r = virtio_bus_set_host_notifier(qbus, n, false);
3815         assert(r >= 0);
3816     }
3817     /*
3818      * The transaction expects the ioeventfds to be open when it
3819      * commits. Do it now, before the cleanup loop.
3820      */
3821     memory_region_transaction_commit();
3822 
3823     for (n = 0; n < VIRTIO_QUEUE_MAX; n++) {
3824         if (!virtio_queue_get_num(vdev, n)) {
3825             continue;
3826         }
3827         virtio_bus_cleanup_host_notifier(qbus, n);
3828     }
3829 }
3830 
3831 int virtio_device_grab_ioeventfd(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3832 {
3833     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3834     VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
3835 
3836     return virtio_bus_grab_ioeventfd(vbus);
3837 }
3838 
3839 void virtio_device_release_ioeventfd(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3840 {
3841     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3842     VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
3843 
3844     virtio_bus_release_ioeventfd(vbus);
3845 }
3846 
3847 static void virtio_device_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
3848 {
3849     /* Set the default value here. */
3850     VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
3851     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
3852 
3853     dc->realize = virtio_device_realize;
3854     dc->unrealize = virtio_device_unrealize;
3855     dc->bus_type = TYPE_VIRTIO_BUS;
3856     device_class_set_props(dc, virtio_properties);
3857     vdc->start_ioeventfd = virtio_device_start_ioeventfd_impl;
3858     vdc->stop_ioeventfd = virtio_device_stop_ioeventfd_impl;
3859 
3860     vdc->legacy_features |= VIRTIO_LEGACY_FEATURES;
3861 }
3862 
3863 bool virtio_device_ioeventfd_enabled(VirtIODevice *vdev)
3864 {
3865     BusState *qbus = qdev_get_parent_bus(DEVICE(vdev));
3866     VirtioBusState *vbus = VIRTIO_BUS(qbus);
3867 
3868     return virtio_bus_ioeventfd_enabled(vbus);
3869 }
3870 
3871 static const TypeInfo virtio_device_info = {
3872     .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_DEVICE,
3873     .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
3874     .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIODevice),
3875     .class_init = virtio_device_class_init,
3876     .instance_finalize = virtio_device_instance_finalize,
3877     .abstract = true,
3878     .class_size = sizeof(VirtioDeviceClass),
3879 };
3880 
3881 static void virtio_register_types(void)
3882 {
3883     type_register_static(&virtio_device_info);
3884 }
3885 
3886 type_init(virtio_register_types)
3887