xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/vfio/pci.c (revision d40d3da0)
1 /*
2  * vfio based device assignment support
3  *
4  * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2012
5  *
6  * Authors:
7  *  Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
8  *
9  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
10  * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
11  *
12  * Based on qemu-kvm device-assignment:
13  *  Adapted for KVM by Qumranet.
14  *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Alex Novik (alex@neocleus.com)
15  *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Guy Zana (guy@neocleus.com)
16  *  Copyright (C) 2008, Qumranet, Amit Shah (amit.shah@qumranet.com)
17  *  Copyright (C) 2008, Red Hat, Amit Shah (amit.shah@redhat.com)
18  *  Copyright (C) 2008, IBM, Muli Ben-Yehuda (muli@il.ibm.com)
19  */
20 
21 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
22 #include <linux/vfio.h>
23 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
24 
25 #include "hw/pci/msi.h"
26 #include "hw/pci/msix.h"
27 #include "hw/pci/pci_bridge.h"
28 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
29 #include "qemu/range.h"
30 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "pci.h"
33 #include "trace.h"
34 #include "qapi/error.h"
35 
36 #define MSIX_CAP_LENGTH 12
37 
38 static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev);
39 static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool enabled);
40 
41 /*
42  * Disabling BAR mmaping can be slow, but toggling it around INTx can
43  * also be a huge overhead.  We try to get the best of both worlds by
44  * waiting until an interrupt to disable mmaps (subsequent transitions
45  * to the same state are effectively no overhead).  If the interrupt has
46  * been serviced and the time gap is long enough, we re-enable mmaps for
47  * performance.  This works well for things like graphics cards, which
48  * may not use their interrupt at all and are penalized to an unusable
49  * level by read/write BAR traps.  Other devices, like NICs, have more
50  * regular interrupts and see much better latency by staying in non-mmap
51  * mode.  We therefore set the default mmap_timeout such that a ping
52  * is just enough to keep the mmap disabled.  Users can experiment with
53  * other options with the x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms parameter (a value of
54  * zero disables the timer).
55  */
56 static void vfio_intx_mmap_enable(void *opaque)
57 {
58     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
59 
60     if (vdev->intx.pending) {
61         timer_mod(vdev->intx.mmap_timer,
62                        qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + vdev->intx.mmap_timeout);
63         return;
64     }
65 
66     vfio_mmap_set_enabled(vdev, true);
67 }
68 
69 static void vfio_intx_interrupt(void *opaque)
70 {
71     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
72 
73     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vdev->intx.interrupt)) {
74         return;
75     }
76 
77     trace_vfio_intx_interrupt(vdev->vbasedev.name, 'A' + vdev->intx.pin);
78 
79     vdev->intx.pending = true;
80     pci_irq_assert(&vdev->pdev);
81     vfio_mmap_set_enabled(vdev, false);
82     if (vdev->intx.mmap_timeout) {
83         timer_mod(vdev->intx.mmap_timer,
84                        qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + vdev->intx.mmap_timeout);
85     }
86 }
87 
88 static void vfio_intx_eoi(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
89 {
90     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
91 
92     if (!vdev->intx.pending) {
93         return;
94     }
95 
96     trace_vfio_intx_eoi(vbasedev->name);
97 
98     vdev->intx.pending = false;
99     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
100     vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
101 }
102 
103 static void vfio_intx_enable_kvm(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
104 {
105 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM
106     struct kvm_irqfd irqfd = {
107         .fd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt),
108         .gsi = vdev->intx.route.irq,
109         .flags = KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_RESAMPLE,
110     };
111     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
112     int ret, argsz;
113     int32_t *pfd;
114 
115     if (vdev->no_kvm_intx || !kvm_irqfds_enabled() ||
116         vdev->intx.route.mode != PCI_INTX_ENABLED ||
117         !kvm_resamplefds_enabled()) {
118         return;
119     }
120 
121     /* Get to a known interrupt state */
122     qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
123     vfio_mask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
124     vdev->intx.pending = false;
125     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
126 
127     /* Get an eventfd for resample/unmask */
128     if (event_notifier_init(&vdev->intx.unmask, 0)) {
129         error_setg(errp, "event_notifier_init failed eoi");
130         goto fail;
131     }
132 
133     /* KVM triggers it, VFIO listens for it */
134     irqfd.resamplefd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.unmask);
135 
136     if (kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_IRQFD, &irqfd)) {
137         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "failed to setup resample irqfd");
138         goto fail_irqfd;
139     }
140 
141     argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
142 
143     irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
144     irq_set->argsz = argsz;
145     irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_UNMASK;
146     irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX;
147     irq_set->start = 0;
148     irq_set->count = 1;
149     pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
150 
151     *pfd = irqfd.resamplefd;
152 
153     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
154     g_free(irq_set);
155     if (ret) {
156         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "failed to setup INTx unmask fd");
157         goto fail_vfio;
158     }
159 
160     /* Let'em rip */
161     vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
162 
163     vdev->intx.kvm_accel = true;
164 
165     trace_vfio_intx_enable_kvm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
166 
167     return;
168 
169 fail_vfio:
170     irqfd.flags = KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_DEASSIGN;
171     kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_IRQFD, &irqfd);
172 fail_irqfd:
173     event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.unmask);
174 fail:
175     qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
176     vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
177 #endif
178 }
179 
180 static void vfio_intx_disable_kvm(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
181 {
182 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM
183     struct kvm_irqfd irqfd = {
184         .fd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt),
185         .gsi = vdev->intx.route.irq,
186         .flags = KVM_IRQFD_FLAG_DEASSIGN,
187     };
188 
189     if (!vdev->intx.kvm_accel) {
190         return;
191     }
192 
193     /*
194      * Get to a known state, hardware masked, QEMU ready to accept new
195      * interrupts, QEMU IRQ de-asserted.
196      */
197     vfio_mask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
198     vdev->intx.pending = false;
199     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
200 
201     /* Tell KVM to stop listening for an INTx irqfd */
202     if (kvm_vm_ioctl(kvm_state, KVM_IRQFD, &irqfd)) {
203         error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to disable INTx irqfd: %m");
204     }
205 
206     /* We only need to close the eventfd for VFIO to cleanup the kernel side */
207     event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.unmask);
208 
209     /* QEMU starts listening for interrupt events. */
210     qemu_set_fd_handler(irqfd.fd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
211 
212     vdev->intx.kvm_accel = false;
213 
214     /* If we've missed an event, let it re-fire through QEMU */
215     vfio_unmask_single_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
216 
217     trace_vfio_intx_disable_kvm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
218 #endif
219 }
220 
221 static void vfio_intx_update(PCIDevice *pdev)
222 {
223     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
224     PCIINTxRoute route;
225     Error *err = NULL;
226 
227     if (vdev->interrupt != VFIO_INT_INTx) {
228         return;
229     }
230 
231     route = pci_device_route_intx_to_irq(&vdev->pdev, vdev->intx.pin);
232 
233     if (!pci_intx_route_changed(&vdev->intx.route, &route)) {
234         return; /* Nothing changed */
235     }
236 
237     trace_vfio_intx_update(vdev->vbasedev.name,
238                            vdev->intx.route.irq, route.irq);
239 
240     vfio_intx_disable_kvm(vdev);
241 
242     vdev->intx.route = route;
243 
244     if (route.mode != PCI_INTX_ENABLED) {
245         return;
246     }
247 
248     vfio_intx_enable_kvm(vdev, &err);
249     if (err) {
250         error_reportf_err(err, WARN_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
251     }
252 
253     /* Re-enable the interrupt in cased we missed an EOI */
254     vfio_intx_eoi(&vdev->vbasedev);
255 }
256 
257 static int vfio_intx_enable(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
258 {
259     uint8_t pin = vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, 1);
260     int ret, argsz;
261     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
262     int32_t *pfd;
263     Error *err = NULL;
264 
265     if (!pin) {
266         return 0;
267     }
268 
269     vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
270 
271     vdev->intx.pin = pin - 1; /* Pin A (1) -> irq[0] */
272     pci_config_set_interrupt_pin(vdev->pdev.config, pin);
273 
274 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM
275     /*
276      * Only conditional to avoid generating error messages on platforms
277      * where we won't actually use the result anyway.
278      */
279     if (kvm_irqfds_enabled() && kvm_resamplefds_enabled()) {
280         vdev->intx.route = pci_device_route_intx_to_irq(&vdev->pdev,
281                                                         vdev->intx.pin);
282     }
283 #endif
284 
285     ret = event_notifier_init(&vdev->intx.interrupt, 0);
286     if (ret) {
287         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "event_notifier_init failed");
288         return ret;
289     }
290 
291     argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
292 
293     irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
294     irq_set->argsz = argsz;
295     irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
296     irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX;
297     irq_set->start = 0;
298     irq_set->count = 1;
299     pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
300 
301     *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
302     qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, vfio_intx_interrupt, NULL, vdev);
303 
304     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
305     g_free(irq_set);
306     if (ret) {
307         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "failed to setup INTx fd");
308         qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
309         event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
310         return -errno;
311     }
312 
313     vfio_intx_enable_kvm(vdev, &err);
314     if (err) {
315         error_reportf_err(err, WARN_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
316     }
317 
318     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_INTx;
319 
320     trace_vfio_intx_enable(vdev->vbasedev.name);
321 
322     return 0;
323 }
324 
325 static void vfio_intx_disable(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
326 {
327     int fd;
328 
329     timer_del(vdev->intx.mmap_timer);
330     vfio_intx_disable_kvm(vdev);
331     vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX);
332     vdev->intx.pending = false;
333     pci_irq_deassert(&vdev->pdev);
334     vfio_mmap_set_enabled(vdev, true);
335 
336     fd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
337     qemu_set_fd_handler(fd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
338     event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->intx.interrupt);
339 
340     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_NONE;
341 
342     trace_vfio_intx_disable(vdev->vbasedev.name);
343 }
344 
345 /*
346  * MSI/X
347  */
348 static void vfio_msi_interrupt(void *opaque)
349 {
350     VFIOMSIVector *vector = opaque;
351     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = vector->vdev;
352     MSIMessage (*get_msg)(PCIDevice *dev, unsigned vector);
353     void (*notify)(PCIDevice *dev, unsigned vector);
354     MSIMessage msg;
355     int nr = vector - vdev->msi_vectors;
356 
357     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vector->interrupt)) {
358         return;
359     }
360 
361     if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_MSIX) {
362         get_msg = msix_get_message;
363         notify = msix_notify;
364 
365         /* A masked vector firing needs to use the PBA, enable it */
366         if (msix_is_masked(&vdev->pdev, nr)) {
367             set_bit(nr, vdev->msix->pending);
368             memory_region_set_enabled(&vdev->pdev.msix_pba_mmio, true);
369             trace_vfio_msix_pba_enable(vdev->vbasedev.name);
370         }
371     } else if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_MSI) {
372         get_msg = msi_get_message;
373         notify = msi_notify;
374     } else {
375         abort();
376     }
377 
378     msg = get_msg(&vdev->pdev, nr);
379     trace_vfio_msi_interrupt(vdev->vbasedev.name, nr, msg.address, msg.data);
380     notify(&vdev->pdev, nr);
381 }
382 
383 static int vfio_enable_vectors(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool msix)
384 {
385     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
386     int ret = 0, i, argsz;
387     int32_t *fds;
388 
389     argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + (vdev->nr_vectors * sizeof(*fds));
390 
391     irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
392     irq_set->argsz = argsz;
393     irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD | VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
394     irq_set->index = msix ? VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX : VFIO_PCI_MSI_IRQ_INDEX;
395     irq_set->start = 0;
396     irq_set->count = vdev->nr_vectors;
397     fds = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
398 
399     for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
400         int fd = -1;
401 
402         /*
403          * MSI vs MSI-X - The guest has direct access to MSI mask and pending
404          * bits, therefore we always use the KVM signaling path when setup.
405          * MSI-X mask and pending bits are emulated, so we want to use the
406          * KVM signaling path only when configured and unmasked.
407          */
408         if (vdev->msi_vectors[i].use) {
409             if (vdev->msi_vectors[i].virq < 0 ||
410                 (msix && msix_is_masked(&vdev->pdev, i))) {
411                 fd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->msi_vectors[i].interrupt);
412             } else {
413                 fd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->msi_vectors[i].kvm_interrupt);
414             }
415         }
416 
417         fds[i] = fd;
418     }
419 
420     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
421 
422     g_free(irq_set);
423 
424     return ret;
425 }
426 
427 static void vfio_add_kvm_msi_virq(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, VFIOMSIVector *vector,
428                                   int vector_n, bool msix)
429 {
430     int virq;
431 
432     if ((msix && vdev->no_kvm_msix) || (!msix && vdev->no_kvm_msi)) {
433         return;
434     }
435 
436     if (event_notifier_init(&vector->kvm_interrupt, 0)) {
437         return;
438     }
439 
440     virq = kvm_irqchip_add_msi_route(kvm_state, vector_n, &vdev->pdev);
441     if (virq < 0) {
442         event_notifier_cleanup(&vector->kvm_interrupt);
443         return;
444     }
445 
446     if (kvm_irqchip_add_irqfd_notifier_gsi(kvm_state, &vector->kvm_interrupt,
447                                        NULL, virq) < 0) {
448         kvm_irqchip_release_virq(kvm_state, virq);
449         event_notifier_cleanup(&vector->kvm_interrupt);
450         return;
451     }
452 
453     vector->virq = virq;
454 }
455 
456 static void vfio_remove_kvm_msi_virq(VFIOMSIVector *vector)
457 {
458     kvm_irqchip_remove_irqfd_notifier_gsi(kvm_state, &vector->kvm_interrupt,
459                                           vector->virq);
460     kvm_irqchip_release_virq(kvm_state, vector->virq);
461     vector->virq = -1;
462     event_notifier_cleanup(&vector->kvm_interrupt);
463 }
464 
465 static void vfio_update_kvm_msi_virq(VFIOMSIVector *vector, MSIMessage msg,
466                                      PCIDevice *pdev)
467 {
468     kvm_irqchip_update_msi_route(kvm_state, vector->virq, msg, pdev);
469     kvm_irqchip_commit_routes(kvm_state);
470 }
471 
472 static int vfio_msix_vector_do_use(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr,
473                                    MSIMessage *msg, IOHandler *handler)
474 {
475     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
476     VFIOMSIVector *vector;
477     int ret;
478 
479     trace_vfio_msix_vector_do_use(vdev->vbasedev.name, nr);
480 
481     vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[nr];
482 
483     if (!vector->use) {
484         vector->vdev = vdev;
485         vector->virq = -1;
486         if (event_notifier_init(&vector->interrupt, 0)) {
487             error_report("vfio: Error: event_notifier_init failed");
488         }
489         vector->use = true;
490         msix_vector_use(pdev, nr);
491     }
492 
493     qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
494                         handler, NULL, vector);
495 
496     /*
497      * Attempt to enable route through KVM irqchip,
498      * default to userspace handling if unavailable.
499      */
500     if (vector->virq >= 0) {
501         if (!msg) {
502             vfio_remove_kvm_msi_virq(vector);
503         } else {
504             vfio_update_kvm_msi_virq(vector, *msg, pdev);
505         }
506     } else {
507         if (msg) {
508             vfio_add_kvm_msi_virq(vdev, vector, nr, true);
509         }
510     }
511 
512     /*
513      * We don't want to have the host allocate all possible MSI vectors
514      * for a device if they're not in use, so we shutdown and incrementally
515      * increase them as needed.
516      */
517     if (vdev->nr_vectors < nr + 1) {
518         vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
519         vdev->nr_vectors = nr + 1;
520         ret = vfio_enable_vectors(vdev, true);
521         if (ret) {
522             error_report("vfio: failed to enable vectors, %d", ret);
523         }
524     } else {
525         int argsz;
526         struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
527         int32_t *pfd;
528 
529         argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
530 
531         irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
532         irq_set->argsz = argsz;
533         irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD |
534                          VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
535         irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX;
536         irq_set->start = nr;
537         irq_set->count = 1;
538         pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
539 
540         if (vector->virq >= 0) {
541             *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->kvm_interrupt);
542         } else {
543             *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt);
544         }
545 
546         ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
547         g_free(irq_set);
548         if (ret) {
549             error_report("vfio: failed to modify vector, %d", ret);
550         }
551     }
552 
553     /* Disable PBA emulation when nothing more is pending. */
554     clear_bit(nr, vdev->msix->pending);
555     if (find_first_bit(vdev->msix->pending,
556                        vdev->nr_vectors) == vdev->nr_vectors) {
557         memory_region_set_enabled(&vdev->pdev.msix_pba_mmio, false);
558         trace_vfio_msix_pba_disable(vdev->vbasedev.name);
559     }
560 
561     return 0;
562 }
563 
564 static int vfio_msix_vector_use(PCIDevice *pdev,
565                                 unsigned int nr, MSIMessage msg)
566 {
567     return vfio_msix_vector_do_use(pdev, nr, &msg, vfio_msi_interrupt);
568 }
569 
570 static void vfio_msix_vector_release(PCIDevice *pdev, unsigned int nr)
571 {
572     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
573     VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[nr];
574 
575     trace_vfio_msix_vector_release(vdev->vbasedev.name, nr);
576 
577     /*
578      * There are still old guests that mask and unmask vectors on every
579      * interrupt.  If we're using QEMU bypass with a KVM irqfd, leave all of
580      * the KVM setup in place, simply switch VFIO to use the non-bypass
581      * eventfd.  We'll then fire the interrupt through QEMU and the MSI-X
582      * core will mask the interrupt and set pending bits, allowing it to
583      * be re-asserted on unmask.  Nothing to do if already using QEMU mode.
584      */
585     if (vector->virq >= 0) {
586         int argsz;
587         struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
588         int32_t *pfd;
589 
590         argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
591 
592         irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
593         irq_set->argsz = argsz;
594         irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD |
595                          VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
596         irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX;
597         irq_set->start = nr;
598         irq_set->count = 1;
599         pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
600 
601         *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt);
602 
603         ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
604 
605         g_free(irq_set);
606     }
607 }
608 
609 static void vfio_msix_enable(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
610 {
611     vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
612 
613     vdev->msi_vectors = g_new0(VFIOMSIVector, vdev->msix->entries);
614 
615     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_MSIX;
616 
617     /*
618      * Some communication channels between VF & PF or PF & fw rely on the
619      * physical state of the device and expect that enabling MSI-X from the
620      * guest enables the same on the host.  When our guest is Linux, the
621      * guest driver call to pci_enable_msix() sets the enabling bit in the
622      * MSI-X capability, but leaves the vector table masked.  We therefore
623      * can't rely on a vector_use callback (from request_irq() in the guest)
624      * to switch the physical device into MSI-X mode because that may come a
625      * long time after pci_enable_msix().  This code enables vector 0 with
626      * triggering to userspace, then immediately release the vector, leaving
627      * the physical device with no vectors enabled, but MSI-X enabled, just
628      * like the guest view.
629      */
630     vfio_msix_vector_do_use(&vdev->pdev, 0, NULL, NULL);
631     vfio_msix_vector_release(&vdev->pdev, 0);
632 
633     if (msix_set_vector_notifiers(&vdev->pdev, vfio_msix_vector_use,
634                                   vfio_msix_vector_release, NULL)) {
635         error_report("vfio: msix_set_vector_notifiers failed");
636     }
637 
638     trace_vfio_msix_enable(vdev->vbasedev.name);
639 }
640 
641 static void vfio_msi_enable(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
642 {
643     int ret, i;
644 
645     vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
646 
647     vdev->nr_vectors = msi_nr_vectors_allocated(&vdev->pdev);
648 retry:
649     vdev->msi_vectors = g_new0(VFIOMSIVector, vdev->nr_vectors);
650 
651     for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
652         VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[i];
653 
654         vector->vdev = vdev;
655         vector->virq = -1;
656         vector->use = true;
657 
658         if (event_notifier_init(&vector->interrupt, 0)) {
659             error_report("vfio: Error: event_notifier_init failed");
660         }
661 
662         qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
663                             vfio_msi_interrupt, NULL, vector);
664 
665         /*
666          * Attempt to enable route through KVM irqchip,
667          * default to userspace handling if unavailable.
668          */
669         vfio_add_kvm_msi_virq(vdev, vector, i, false);
670     }
671 
672     /* Set interrupt type prior to possible interrupts */
673     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_MSI;
674 
675     ret = vfio_enable_vectors(vdev, false);
676     if (ret) {
677         if (ret < 0) {
678             error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to setup MSI fds: %m");
679         } else if (ret != vdev->nr_vectors) {
680             error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to enable %d "
681                          "MSI vectors, retry with %d", vdev->nr_vectors, ret);
682         }
683 
684         for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
685             VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[i];
686             if (vector->virq >= 0) {
687                 vfio_remove_kvm_msi_virq(vector);
688             }
689             qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
690                                 NULL, NULL, NULL);
691             event_notifier_cleanup(&vector->interrupt);
692         }
693 
694         g_free(vdev->msi_vectors);
695 
696         if (ret > 0 && ret != vdev->nr_vectors) {
697             vdev->nr_vectors = ret;
698             goto retry;
699         }
700         vdev->nr_vectors = 0;
701 
702         /*
703          * Failing to setup MSI doesn't really fall within any specification.
704          * Let's try leaving interrupts disabled and hope the guest figures
705          * out to fall back to INTx for this device.
706          */
707         error_report("vfio: Error: Failed to enable MSI");
708         vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_NONE;
709 
710         return;
711     }
712 
713     trace_vfio_msi_enable(vdev->vbasedev.name, vdev->nr_vectors);
714 }
715 
716 static void vfio_msi_disable_common(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
717 {
718     Error *err = NULL;
719     int i;
720 
721     for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
722         VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[i];
723         if (vdev->msi_vectors[i].use) {
724             if (vector->virq >= 0) {
725                 vfio_remove_kvm_msi_virq(vector);
726             }
727             qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vector->interrupt),
728                                 NULL, NULL, NULL);
729             event_notifier_cleanup(&vector->interrupt);
730         }
731     }
732 
733     g_free(vdev->msi_vectors);
734     vdev->msi_vectors = NULL;
735     vdev->nr_vectors = 0;
736     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_NONE;
737 
738     vfio_intx_enable(vdev, &err);
739     if (err) {
740         error_reportf_err(err, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
741     }
742 }
743 
744 static void vfio_msix_disable(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
745 {
746     int i;
747 
748     msix_unset_vector_notifiers(&vdev->pdev);
749 
750     /*
751      * MSI-X will only release vectors if MSI-X is still enabled on the
752      * device, check through the rest and release it ourselves if necessary.
753      */
754     for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
755         if (vdev->msi_vectors[i].use) {
756             vfio_msix_vector_release(&vdev->pdev, i);
757             msix_vector_unuse(&vdev->pdev, i);
758         }
759     }
760 
761     if (vdev->nr_vectors) {
762         vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX);
763     }
764 
765     vfio_msi_disable_common(vdev);
766 
767     memset(vdev->msix->pending, 0,
768            BITS_TO_LONGS(vdev->msix->entries) * sizeof(unsigned long));
769 
770     trace_vfio_msix_disable(vdev->vbasedev.name);
771 }
772 
773 static void vfio_msi_disable(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
774 {
775     vfio_disable_irqindex(&vdev->vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_MSI_IRQ_INDEX);
776     vfio_msi_disable_common(vdev);
777 
778     trace_vfio_msi_disable(vdev->vbasedev.name);
779 }
780 
781 static void vfio_update_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
782 {
783     int i;
784 
785     for (i = 0; i < vdev->nr_vectors; i++) {
786         VFIOMSIVector *vector = &vdev->msi_vectors[i];
787         MSIMessage msg;
788 
789         if (!vector->use || vector->virq < 0) {
790             continue;
791         }
792 
793         msg = msi_get_message(&vdev->pdev, i);
794         vfio_update_kvm_msi_virq(vector, msg, &vdev->pdev);
795     }
796 }
797 
798 static void vfio_pci_load_rom(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
799 {
800     struct vfio_region_info *reg_info;
801     uint64_t size;
802     off_t off = 0;
803     ssize_t bytes;
804 
805     if (vfio_get_region_info(&vdev->vbasedev,
806                              VFIO_PCI_ROM_REGION_INDEX, &reg_info)) {
807         error_report("vfio: Error getting ROM info: %m");
808         return;
809     }
810 
811     trace_vfio_pci_load_rom(vdev->vbasedev.name, (unsigned long)reg_info->size,
812                             (unsigned long)reg_info->offset,
813                             (unsigned long)reg_info->flags);
814 
815     vdev->rom_size = size = reg_info->size;
816     vdev->rom_offset = reg_info->offset;
817 
818     g_free(reg_info);
819 
820     if (!vdev->rom_size) {
821         vdev->rom_read_failed = true;
822         error_report("vfio-pci: Cannot read device rom at "
823                     "%s", vdev->vbasedev.name);
824         error_printf("Device option ROM contents are probably invalid "
825                     "(check dmesg).\nSkip option ROM probe with rombar=0, "
826                     "or load from file with romfile=\n");
827         return;
828     }
829 
830     vdev->rom = g_malloc(size);
831     memset(vdev->rom, 0xff, size);
832 
833     while (size) {
834         bytes = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, vdev->rom + off,
835                       size, vdev->rom_offset + off);
836         if (bytes == 0) {
837             break;
838         } else if (bytes > 0) {
839             off += bytes;
840             size -= bytes;
841         } else {
842             if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN) {
843                 continue;
844             }
845             error_report("vfio: Error reading device ROM: %m");
846             break;
847         }
848     }
849 
850     /*
851      * Test the ROM signature against our device, if the vendor is correct
852      * but the device ID doesn't match, store the correct device ID and
853      * recompute the checksum.  Intel IGD devices need this and are known
854      * to have bogus checksums so we can't simply adjust the checksum.
855      */
856     if (pci_get_word(vdev->rom) == 0xaa55 &&
857         pci_get_word(vdev->rom + 0x18) + 8 < vdev->rom_size &&
858         !memcmp(vdev->rom + pci_get_word(vdev->rom + 0x18), "PCIR", 4)) {
859         uint16_t vid, did;
860 
861         vid = pci_get_word(vdev->rom + pci_get_word(vdev->rom + 0x18) + 4);
862         did = pci_get_word(vdev->rom + pci_get_word(vdev->rom + 0x18) + 6);
863 
864         if (vid == vdev->vendor_id && did != vdev->device_id) {
865             int i;
866             uint8_t csum, *data = vdev->rom;
867 
868             pci_set_word(vdev->rom + pci_get_word(vdev->rom + 0x18) + 6,
869                          vdev->device_id);
870             data[6] = 0;
871 
872             for (csum = 0, i = 0; i < vdev->rom_size; i++) {
873                 csum += data[i];
874             }
875 
876             data[6] = -csum;
877         }
878     }
879 }
880 
881 static uint64_t vfio_rom_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
882 {
883     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
884     union {
885         uint8_t byte;
886         uint16_t word;
887         uint32_t dword;
888         uint64_t qword;
889     } val;
890     uint64_t data = 0;
891 
892     /* Load the ROM lazily when the guest tries to read it */
893     if (unlikely(!vdev->rom && !vdev->rom_read_failed)) {
894         vfio_pci_load_rom(vdev);
895     }
896 
897     memcpy(&val, vdev->rom + addr,
898            (addr < vdev->rom_size) ? MIN(size, vdev->rom_size - addr) : 0);
899 
900     switch (size) {
901     case 1:
902         data = val.byte;
903         break;
904     case 2:
905         data = le16_to_cpu(val.word);
906         break;
907     case 4:
908         data = le32_to_cpu(val.dword);
909         break;
910     default:
911         hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %d bytes\n", size);
912         break;
913     }
914 
915     trace_vfio_rom_read(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, size, data);
916 
917     return data;
918 }
919 
920 static void vfio_rom_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
921                            uint64_t data, unsigned size)
922 {
923 }
924 
925 static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_rom_ops = {
926     .read = vfio_rom_read,
927     .write = vfio_rom_write,
928     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
929 };
930 
931 static void vfio_pci_size_rom(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
932 {
933     uint32_t orig, size = cpu_to_le32((uint32_t)PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_MASK);
934     off_t offset = vdev->config_offset + PCI_ROM_ADDRESS;
935     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(vdev);
936     char *name;
937     int fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
938 
939     if (vdev->pdev.romfile || !vdev->pdev.rom_bar) {
940         /* Since pci handles romfile, just print a message and return */
941         if (vfio_blacklist_opt_rom(vdev) && vdev->pdev.romfile) {
942             error_printf("Warning : Device at %s is known to cause system instability issues during option rom execution. Proceeding anyway since user specified romfile\n",
943                          vdev->vbasedev.name);
944         }
945         return;
946     }
947 
948     /*
949      * Use the same size ROM BAR as the physical device.  The contents
950      * will get filled in later when the guest tries to read it.
951      */
952     if (pread(fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4 ||
953         pwrite(fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
954         pread(fd, &size, 4, offset) != 4 ||
955         pwrite(fd, &orig, 4, offset) != 4) {
956         error_report("%s(%s) failed: %m", __func__, vdev->vbasedev.name);
957         return;
958     }
959 
960     size = ~(le32_to_cpu(size) & PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_MASK) + 1;
961 
962     if (!size) {
963         return;
964     }
965 
966     if (vfio_blacklist_opt_rom(vdev)) {
967         if (dev->opts && qemu_opt_get(dev->opts, "rombar")) {
968             error_printf("Warning : Device at %s is known to cause system instability issues during option rom execution. Proceeding anyway since user specified non zero value for rombar\n",
969                          vdev->vbasedev.name);
970         } else {
971             error_printf("Warning : Rom loading for device at %s has been disabled due to system instability issues. Specify rombar=1 or romfile to force\n",
972                          vdev->vbasedev.name);
973             return;
974         }
975     }
976 
977     trace_vfio_pci_size_rom(vdev->vbasedev.name, size);
978 
979     name = g_strdup_printf("vfio[%s].rom", vdev->vbasedev.name);
980 
981     memory_region_init_io(&vdev->pdev.rom, OBJECT(vdev),
982                           &vfio_rom_ops, vdev, name, size);
983     g_free(name);
984 
985     pci_register_bar(&vdev->pdev, PCI_ROM_SLOT,
986                      PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY, &vdev->pdev.rom);
987 
988     vdev->pdev.has_rom = true;
989     vdev->rom_read_failed = false;
990 }
991 
992 void vfio_vga_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
993                            uint64_t data, unsigned size)
994 {
995     VFIOVGARegion *region = opaque;
996     VFIOVGA *vga = container_of(region, VFIOVGA, region[region->nr]);
997     union {
998         uint8_t byte;
999         uint16_t word;
1000         uint32_t dword;
1001         uint64_t qword;
1002     } buf;
1003     off_t offset = vga->fd_offset + region->offset + addr;
1004 
1005     switch (size) {
1006     case 1:
1007         buf.byte = data;
1008         break;
1009     case 2:
1010         buf.word = cpu_to_le16(data);
1011         break;
1012     case 4:
1013         buf.dword = cpu_to_le32(data);
1014         break;
1015     default:
1016         hw_error("vfio: unsupported write size, %d bytes", size);
1017         break;
1018     }
1019 
1020     if (pwrite(vga->fd, &buf, size, offset) != size) {
1021         error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64", %d) failed: %m",
1022                      __func__, region->offset + addr, data, size);
1023     }
1024 
1025     trace_vfio_vga_write(region->offset + addr, data, size);
1026 }
1027 
1028 uint64_t vfio_vga_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
1029 {
1030     VFIOVGARegion *region = opaque;
1031     VFIOVGA *vga = container_of(region, VFIOVGA, region[region->nr]);
1032     union {
1033         uint8_t byte;
1034         uint16_t word;
1035         uint32_t dword;
1036         uint64_t qword;
1037     } buf;
1038     uint64_t data = 0;
1039     off_t offset = vga->fd_offset + region->offset + addr;
1040 
1041     if (pread(vga->fd, &buf, size, offset) != size) {
1042         error_report("%s(,0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) failed: %m",
1043                      __func__, region->offset + addr, size);
1044         return (uint64_t)-1;
1045     }
1046 
1047     switch (size) {
1048     case 1:
1049         data = buf.byte;
1050         break;
1051     case 2:
1052         data = le16_to_cpu(buf.word);
1053         break;
1054     case 4:
1055         data = le32_to_cpu(buf.dword);
1056         break;
1057     default:
1058         hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %d bytes", size);
1059         break;
1060     }
1061 
1062     trace_vfio_vga_read(region->offset + addr, size, data);
1063 
1064     return data;
1065 }
1066 
1067 static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_vga_ops = {
1068     .read = vfio_vga_read,
1069     .write = vfio_vga_write,
1070     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
1071 };
1072 
1073 /*
1074  * Expand memory region of sub-page(size < PAGE_SIZE) MMIO BAR to page
1075  * size if the BAR is in an exclusive page in host so that we could map
1076  * this BAR to guest. But this sub-page BAR may not occupy an exclusive
1077  * page in guest. So we should set the priority of the expanded memory
1078  * region to zero in case of overlap with BARs which share the same page
1079  * with the sub-page BAR in guest. Besides, we should also recover the
1080  * size of this sub-page BAR when its base address is changed in guest
1081  * and not page aligned any more.
1082  */
1083 static void vfio_sub_page_bar_update_mapping(PCIDevice *pdev, int bar)
1084 {
1085     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
1086     VFIORegion *region = &vdev->bars[bar].region;
1087     MemoryRegion *mmap_mr, *mr;
1088     PCIIORegion *r;
1089     pcibus_t bar_addr;
1090     uint64_t size = region->size;
1091 
1092     /* Make sure that the whole region is allowed to be mmapped */
1093     if (region->nr_mmaps != 1 || !region->mmaps[0].mmap ||
1094         region->mmaps[0].size != region->size) {
1095         return;
1096     }
1097 
1098     r = &pdev->io_regions[bar];
1099     bar_addr = r->addr;
1100     mr = region->mem;
1101     mmap_mr = &region->mmaps[0].mem;
1102 
1103     /* If BAR is mapped and page aligned, update to fill PAGE_SIZE */
1104     if (bar_addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED &&
1105         !(bar_addr & ~qemu_real_host_page_mask)) {
1106         size = qemu_real_host_page_size;
1107     }
1108 
1109     memory_region_transaction_begin();
1110 
1111     memory_region_set_size(mr, size);
1112     memory_region_set_size(mmap_mr, size);
1113     if (size != region->size && memory_region_is_mapped(mr)) {
1114         memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, mr);
1115         memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(r->address_space,
1116                                             bar_addr, mr, 0);
1117     }
1118 
1119     memory_region_transaction_commit();
1120 }
1121 
1122 /*
1123  * PCI config space
1124  */
1125 uint32_t vfio_pci_read_config(PCIDevice *pdev, uint32_t addr, int len)
1126 {
1127     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
1128     uint32_t emu_bits = 0, emu_val = 0, phys_val = 0, val;
1129 
1130     memcpy(&emu_bits, vdev->emulated_config_bits + addr, len);
1131     emu_bits = le32_to_cpu(emu_bits);
1132 
1133     if (emu_bits) {
1134         emu_val = pci_default_read_config(pdev, addr, len);
1135     }
1136 
1137     if (~emu_bits & (0xffffffffU >> (32 - len * 8))) {
1138         ssize_t ret;
1139 
1140         ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &phys_val, len,
1141                     vdev->config_offset + addr);
1142         if (ret != len) {
1143             error_report("%s(%s, 0x%x, 0x%x) failed: %m",
1144                          __func__, vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, len);
1145             return -errno;
1146         }
1147         phys_val = le32_to_cpu(phys_val);
1148     }
1149 
1150     val = (emu_val & emu_bits) | (phys_val & ~emu_bits);
1151 
1152     trace_vfio_pci_read_config(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, len, val);
1153 
1154     return val;
1155 }
1156 
1157 void vfio_pci_write_config(PCIDevice *pdev,
1158                            uint32_t addr, uint32_t val, int len)
1159 {
1160     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
1161     uint32_t val_le = cpu_to_le32(val);
1162 
1163     trace_vfio_pci_write_config(vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, val, len);
1164 
1165     /* Write everything to VFIO, let it filter out what we can't write */
1166     if (pwrite(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &val_le, len, vdev->config_offset + addr)
1167                 != len) {
1168         error_report("%s(%s, 0x%x, 0x%x, 0x%x) failed: %m",
1169                      __func__, vdev->vbasedev.name, addr, val, len);
1170     }
1171 
1172     /* MSI/MSI-X Enabling/Disabling */
1173     if (pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSI &&
1174         ranges_overlap(addr, len, pdev->msi_cap, vdev->msi_cap_size)) {
1175         int is_enabled, was_enabled = msi_enabled(pdev);
1176 
1177         pci_default_write_config(pdev, addr, val, len);
1178 
1179         is_enabled = msi_enabled(pdev);
1180 
1181         if (!was_enabled) {
1182             if (is_enabled) {
1183                 vfio_msi_enable(vdev);
1184             }
1185         } else {
1186             if (!is_enabled) {
1187                 vfio_msi_disable(vdev);
1188             } else {
1189                 vfio_update_msi(vdev);
1190             }
1191         }
1192     } else if (pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSIX &&
1193         ranges_overlap(addr, len, pdev->msix_cap, MSIX_CAP_LENGTH)) {
1194         int is_enabled, was_enabled = msix_enabled(pdev);
1195 
1196         pci_default_write_config(pdev, addr, val, len);
1197 
1198         is_enabled = msix_enabled(pdev);
1199 
1200         if (!was_enabled && is_enabled) {
1201             vfio_msix_enable(vdev);
1202         } else if (was_enabled && !is_enabled) {
1203             vfio_msix_disable(vdev);
1204         }
1205     } else if (ranges_overlap(addr, len, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0, 24) ||
1206         range_covers_byte(addr, len, PCI_COMMAND)) {
1207         pcibus_t old_addr[PCI_NUM_REGIONS - 1];
1208         int bar;
1209 
1210         for (bar = 0; bar < PCI_ROM_SLOT; bar++) {
1211             old_addr[bar] = pdev->io_regions[bar].addr;
1212         }
1213 
1214         pci_default_write_config(pdev, addr, val, len);
1215 
1216         for (bar = 0; bar < PCI_ROM_SLOT; bar++) {
1217             if (old_addr[bar] != pdev->io_regions[bar].addr &&
1218                 pdev->io_regions[bar].size > 0 &&
1219                 pdev->io_regions[bar].size < qemu_real_host_page_size) {
1220                 vfio_sub_page_bar_update_mapping(pdev, bar);
1221             }
1222         }
1223     } else {
1224         /* Write everything to QEMU to keep emulated bits correct */
1225         pci_default_write_config(pdev, addr, val, len);
1226     }
1227 }
1228 
1229 /*
1230  * Interrupt setup
1231  */
1232 static void vfio_disable_interrupts(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
1233 {
1234     /*
1235      * More complicated than it looks.  Disabling MSI/X transitions the
1236      * device to INTx mode (if supported).  Therefore we need to first
1237      * disable MSI/X and then cleanup by disabling INTx.
1238      */
1239     if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_MSIX) {
1240         vfio_msix_disable(vdev);
1241     } else if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_MSI) {
1242         vfio_msi_disable(vdev);
1243     }
1244 
1245     if (vdev->interrupt == VFIO_INT_INTx) {
1246         vfio_intx_disable(vdev);
1247     }
1248 }
1249 
1250 static int vfio_msi_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos, Error **errp)
1251 {
1252     uint16_t ctrl;
1253     bool msi_64bit, msi_maskbit;
1254     int ret, entries;
1255     Error *err = NULL;
1256 
1257     if (pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
1258               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS) != sizeof(ctrl)) {
1259         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "failed reading MSI PCI_CAP_FLAGS");
1260         return -errno;
1261     }
1262     ctrl = le16_to_cpu(ctrl);
1263 
1264     msi_64bit = !!(ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_64BIT);
1265     msi_maskbit = !!(ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_MASKBIT);
1266     entries = 1 << ((ctrl & PCI_MSI_FLAGS_QMASK) >> 1);
1267 
1268     trace_vfio_msi_setup(vdev->vbasedev.name, pos);
1269 
1270     ret = msi_init(&vdev->pdev, pos, entries, msi_64bit, msi_maskbit, &err);
1271     if (ret < 0) {
1272         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1273             return 0;
1274         }
1275         error_prepend(&err, "msi_init failed: ");
1276         error_propagate(errp, err);
1277         return ret;
1278     }
1279     vdev->msi_cap_size = 0xa + (msi_maskbit ? 0xa : 0) + (msi_64bit ? 0x4 : 0);
1280 
1281     return 0;
1282 }
1283 
1284 static void vfio_pci_fixup_msix_region(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
1285 {
1286     off_t start, end;
1287     VFIORegion *region = &vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].region;
1288 
1289     /*
1290      * We expect to find a single mmap covering the whole BAR, anything else
1291      * means it's either unsupported or already setup.
1292      */
1293     if (region->nr_mmaps != 1 || region->mmaps[0].offset ||
1294         region->size != region->mmaps[0].size) {
1295         return;
1296     }
1297 
1298     /* MSI-X table start and end aligned to host page size */
1299     start = vdev->msix->table_offset & qemu_real_host_page_mask;
1300     end = REAL_HOST_PAGE_ALIGN((uint64_t)vdev->msix->table_offset +
1301                                (vdev->msix->entries * PCI_MSIX_ENTRY_SIZE));
1302 
1303     /*
1304      * Does the MSI-X table cover the beginning of the BAR?  The whole BAR?
1305      * NB - Host page size is necessarily a power of two and so is the PCI
1306      * BAR (not counting EA yet), therefore if we have host page aligned
1307      * @start and @end, then any remainder of the BAR before or after those
1308      * must be at least host page sized and therefore mmap'able.
1309      */
1310     if (!start) {
1311         if (end >= region->size) {
1312             region->nr_mmaps = 0;
1313             g_free(region->mmaps);
1314             region->mmaps = NULL;
1315             trace_vfio_msix_fixup(vdev->vbasedev.name,
1316                                   vdev->msix->table_bar, 0, 0);
1317         } else {
1318             region->mmaps[0].offset = end;
1319             region->mmaps[0].size = region->size - end;
1320             trace_vfio_msix_fixup(vdev->vbasedev.name,
1321                               vdev->msix->table_bar, region->mmaps[0].offset,
1322                               region->mmaps[0].offset + region->mmaps[0].size);
1323         }
1324 
1325     /* Maybe it's aligned at the end of the BAR */
1326     } else if (end >= region->size) {
1327         region->mmaps[0].size = start;
1328         trace_vfio_msix_fixup(vdev->vbasedev.name,
1329                               vdev->msix->table_bar, region->mmaps[0].offset,
1330                               region->mmaps[0].offset + region->mmaps[0].size);
1331 
1332     /* Otherwise it must split the BAR */
1333     } else {
1334         region->nr_mmaps = 2;
1335         region->mmaps = g_renew(VFIOMmap, region->mmaps, 2);
1336 
1337         memcpy(&region->mmaps[1], &region->mmaps[0], sizeof(VFIOMmap));
1338 
1339         region->mmaps[0].size = start;
1340         trace_vfio_msix_fixup(vdev->vbasedev.name,
1341                               vdev->msix->table_bar, region->mmaps[0].offset,
1342                               region->mmaps[0].offset + region->mmaps[0].size);
1343 
1344         region->mmaps[1].offset = end;
1345         region->mmaps[1].size = region->size - end;
1346         trace_vfio_msix_fixup(vdev->vbasedev.name,
1347                               vdev->msix->table_bar, region->mmaps[1].offset,
1348                               region->mmaps[1].offset + region->mmaps[1].size);
1349     }
1350 }
1351 
1352 /*
1353  * We don't have any control over how pci_add_capability() inserts
1354  * capabilities into the chain.  In order to setup MSI-X we need a
1355  * MemoryRegion for the BAR.  In order to setup the BAR and not
1356  * attempt to mmap the MSI-X table area, which VFIO won't allow, we
1357  * need to first look for where the MSI-X table lives.  So we
1358  * unfortunately split MSI-X setup across two functions.
1359  */
1360 static void vfio_msix_early_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
1361 {
1362     uint8_t pos;
1363     uint16_t ctrl;
1364     uint32_t table, pba;
1365     int fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
1366     VFIOMSIXInfo *msix;
1367 
1368     pos = pci_find_capability(&vdev->pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_MSIX);
1369     if (!pos) {
1370         return;
1371     }
1372 
1373     if (pread(fd, &ctrl, sizeof(ctrl),
1374               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_FLAGS) != sizeof(ctrl)) {
1375         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "failed to read PCI MSIX FLAGS");
1376         return;
1377     }
1378 
1379     if (pread(fd, &table, sizeof(table),
1380               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_TABLE) != sizeof(table)) {
1381         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "failed to read PCI MSIX TABLE");
1382         return;
1383     }
1384 
1385     if (pread(fd, &pba, sizeof(pba),
1386               vdev->config_offset + pos + PCI_MSIX_PBA) != sizeof(pba)) {
1387         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "failed to read PCI MSIX PBA");
1388         return;
1389     }
1390 
1391     ctrl = le16_to_cpu(ctrl);
1392     table = le32_to_cpu(table);
1393     pba = le32_to_cpu(pba);
1394 
1395     msix = g_malloc0(sizeof(*msix));
1396     msix->table_bar = table & PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
1397     msix->table_offset = table & ~PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
1398     msix->pba_bar = pba & PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
1399     msix->pba_offset = pba & ~PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_BIRMASK;
1400     msix->entries = (ctrl & PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_QSIZE) + 1;
1401 
1402     /*
1403      * Test the size of the pba_offset variable and catch if it extends outside
1404      * of the specified BAR. If it is the case, we need to apply a hardware
1405      * specific quirk if the device is known or we have a broken configuration.
1406      */
1407     if (msix->pba_offset >= vdev->bars[msix->pba_bar].region.size) {
1408         /*
1409          * Chelsio T5 Virtual Function devices are encoded as 0x58xx for T5
1410          * adapters. The T5 hardware returns an incorrect value of 0x8000 for
1411          * the VF PBA offset while the BAR itself is only 8k. The correct value
1412          * is 0x1000, so we hard code that here.
1413          */
1414         if (vdev->vendor_id == PCI_VENDOR_ID_CHELSIO &&
1415             (vdev->device_id & 0xff00) == 0x5800) {
1416             msix->pba_offset = 0x1000;
1417         } else {
1418             error_setg(errp, "hardware reports invalid configuration, "
1419                        "MSIX PBA outside of specified BAR");
1420             g_free(msix);
1421             return;
1422         }
1423     }
1424 
1425     trace_vfio_msix_early_setup(vdev->vbasedev.name, pos, msix->table_bar,
1426                                 msix->table_offset, msix->entries);
1427     vdev->msix = msix;
1428 
1429     vfio_pci_fixup_msix_region(vdev);
1430 }
1431 
1432 static int vfio_msix_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos, Error **errp)
1433 {
1434     int ret;
1435     Error *err = NULL;
1436 
1437     vdev->msix->pending = g_malloc0(BITS_TO_LONGS(vdev->msix->entries) *
1438                                     sizeof(unsigned long));
1439     ret = msix_init(&vdev->pdev, vdev->msix->entries,
1440                     vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].region.mem,
1441                     vdev->msix->table_bar, vdev->msix->table_offset,
1442                     vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].region.mem,
1443                     vdev->msix->pba_bar, vdev->msix->pba_offset, pos,
1444                     &err);
1445     if (ret < 0) {
1446         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
1447             error_report_err(err);
1448             return 0;
1449         }
1450 
1451         error_propagate(errp, err);
1452         return ret;
1453     }
1454 
1455     /*
1456      * The PCI spec suggests that devices provide additional alignment for
1457      * MSI-X structures and avoid overlapping non-MSI-X related registers.
1458      * For an assigned device, this hopefully means that emulation of MSI-X
1459      * structures does not affect the performance of the device.  If devices
1460      * fail to provide that alignment, a significant performance penalty may
1461      * result, for instance Mellanox MT27500 VFs:
1462      * http://www.spinics.net/lists/kvm/msg125881.html
1463      *
1464      * The PBA is simply not that important for such a serious regression and
1465      * most drivers do not appear to look at it.  The solution for this is to
1466      * disable the PBA MemoryRegion unless it's being used.  We disable it
1467      * here and only enable it if a masked vector fires through QEMU.  As the
1468      * vector-use notifier is called, which occurs on unmask, we test whether
1469      * PBA emulation is needed and again disable if not.
1470      */
1471     memory_region_set_enabled(&vdev->pdev.msix_pba_mmio, false);
1472 
1473     return 0;
1474 }
1475 
1476 static void vfio_teardown_msi(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
1477 {
1478     msi_uninit(&vdev->pdev);
1479 
1480     if (vdev->msix) {
1481         msix_uninit(&vdev->pdev,
1482                     vdev->bars[vdev->msix->table_bar].region.mem,
1483                     vdev->bars[vdev->msix->pba_bar].region.mem);
1484         g_free(vdev->msix->pending);
1485     }
1486 }
1487 
1488 /*
1489  * Resource setup
1490  */
1491 static void vfio_mmap_set_enabled(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool enabled)
1492 {
1493     int i;
1494 
1495     for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
1496         vfio_region_mmaps_set_enabled(&vdev->bars[i].region, enabled);
1497     }
1498 }
1499 
1500 static void vfio_bar_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
1501 {
1502     VFIOBAR *bar = &vdev->bars[nr];
1503 
1504     uint32_t pci_bar;
1505     uint8_t type;
1506     int ret;
1507 
1508     /* Skip both unimplemented BARs and the upper half of 64bit BARS. */
1509     if (!bar->region.size) {
1510         return;
1511     }
1512 
1513     /* Determine what type of BAR this is for registration */
1514     ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &pci_bar, sizeof(pci_bar),
1515                 vdev->config_offset + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + (4 * nr));
1516     if (ret != sizeof(pci_bar)) {
1517         error_report("vfio: Failed to read BAR %d (%m)", nr);
1518         return;
1519     }
1520 
1521     pci_bar = le32_to_cpu(pci_bar);
1522     bar->ioport = (pci_bar & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1523     bar->mem64 = bar->ioport ? 0 : (pci_bar & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64);
1524     type = pci_bar & (bar->ioport ? ~PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_IO_MASK :
1525                                     ~PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK);
1526 
1527     if (vfio_region_mmap(&bar->region)) {
1528         error_report("Failed to mmap %s BAR %d. Performance may be slow",
1529                      vdev->vbasedev.name, nr);
1530     }
1531 
1532     pci_register_bar(&vdev->pdev, nr, type, bar->region.mem);
1533 }
1534 
1535 static void vfio_bars_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
1536 {
1537     int i;
1538 
1539     for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
1540         vfio_bar_setup(vdev, i);
1541     }
1542 }
1543 
1544 static void vfio_bars_exit(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
1545 {
1546     int i;
1547 
1548     for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
1549         vfio_bar_quirk_exit(vdev, i);
1550         vfio_region_exit(&vdev->bars[i].region);
1551     }
1552 
1553     if (vdev->vga) {
1554         pci_unregister_vga(&vdev->pdev);
1555         vfio_vga_quirk_exit(vdev);
1556     }
1557 }
1558 
1559 static void vfio_bars_finalize(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
1560 {
1561     int i;
1562 
1563     for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
1564         vfio_bar_quirk_finalize(vdev, i);
1565         vfio_region_finalize(&vdev->bars[i].region);
1566     }
1567 
1568     if (vdev->vga) {
1569         vfio_vga_quirk_finalize(vdev);
1570         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(vdev->vga->region); i++) {
1571             object_unparent(OBJECT(&vdev->vga->region[i].mem));
1572         }
1573         g_free(vdev->vga);
1574     }
1575 }
1576 
1577 /*
1578  * General setup
1579  */
1580 static uint8_t vfio_std_cap_max_size(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t pos)
1581 {
1582     uint8_t tmp;
1583     uint16_t next = PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE;
1584 
1585     for (tmp = pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST]; tmp;
1586          tmp = pdev->config[tmp + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT]) {
1587         if (tmp > pos && tmp < next) {
1588             next = tmp;
1589         }
1590     }
1591 
1592     return next - pos;
1593 }
1594 
1595 
1596 static uint16_t vfio_ext_cap_max_size(const uint8_t *config, uint16_t pos)
1597 {
1598     uint16_t tmp, next = PCIE_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE;
1599 
1600     for (tmp = PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE; tmp;
1601         tmp = PCI_EXT_CAP_NEXT(pci_get_long(config + tmp))) {
1602         if (tmp > pos && tmp < next) {
1603             next = tmp;
1604         }
1605     }
1606 
1607     return next - pos;
1608 }
1609 
1610 static void vfio_set_word_bits(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t val, uint16_t mask)
1611 {
1612     pci_set_word(buf, (pci_get_word(buf) & ~mask) | val);
1613 }
1614 
1615 static void vfio_add_emulated_word(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos,
1616                                    uint16_t val, uint16_t mask)
1617 {
1618     vfio_set_word_bits(vdev->pdev.config + pos, val, mask);
1619     vfio_set_word_bits(vdev->pdev.wmask + pos, ~mask, mask);
1620     vfio_set_word_bits(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pos, mask, mask);
1621 }
1622 
1623 static void vfio_set_long_bits(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t val, uint32_t mask)
1624 {
1625     pci_set_long(buf, (pci_get_long(buf) & ~mask) | val);
1626 }
1627 
1628 static void vfio_add_emulated_long(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos,
1629                                    uint32_t val, uint32_t mask)
1630 {
1631     vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->pdev.config + pos, val, mask);
1632     vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->pdev.wmask + pos, ~mask, mask);
1633     vfio_set_long_bits(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pos, mask, mask);
1634 }
1635 
1636 static int vfio_setup_pcie_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos, uint8_t size,
1637                                Error **errp)
1638 {
1639     uint16_t flags;
1640     uint8_t type;
1641 
1642     flags = pci_get_word(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS);
1643     type = (flags & PCI_EXP_FLAGS_TYPE) >> 4;
1644 
1645     if (type != PCI_EXP_TYPE_ENDPOINT &&
1646         type != PCI_EXP_TYPE_LEG_END &&
1647         type != PCI_EXP_TYPE_RC_END) {
1648 
1649         error_setg(errp, "assignment of PCIe type 0x%x "
1650                    "devices is not currently supported", type);
1651         return -EINVAL;
1652     }
1653 
1654     if (!pci_bus_is_express(vdev->pdev.bus)) {
1655         PCIBus *bus = vdev->pdev.bus;
1656         PCIDevice *bridge;
1657 
1658         /*
1659          * Traditionally PCI device assignment exposes the PCIe capability
1660          * as-is on non-express buses.  The reason being that some drivers
1661          * simply assume that it's there, for example tg3.  However when
1662          * we're running on a native PCIe machine type, like Q35, we need
1663          * to hide the PCIe capability.  The reason for this is twofold;
1664          * first Windows guests get a Code 10 error when the PCIe capability
1665          * is exposed in this configuration.  Therefore express devices won't
1666          * work at all unless they're attached to express buses in the VM.
1667          * Second, a native PCIe machine introduces the possibility of fine
1668          * granularity IOMMUs supporting both translation and isolation.
1669          * Guest code to discover the IOMMU visibility of a device, such as
1670          * IOMMU grouping code on Linux, is very aware of device types and
1671          * valid transitions between bus types.  An express device on a non-
1672          * express bus is not a valid combination on bare metal systems.
1673          *
1674          * Drivers that require a PCIe capability to make the device
1675          * functional are simply going to need to have their devices placed
1676          * on a PCIe bus in the VM.
1677          */
1678         while (!pci_bus_is_root(bus)) {
1679             bridge = pci_bridge_get_device(bus);
1680             bus = bridge->bus;
1681         }
1682 
1683         if (pci_bus_is_express(bus)) {
1684             return 0;
1685         }
1686 
1687     } else if (pci_bus_is_root(vdev->pdev.bus)) {
1688         /*
1689          * On a Root Complex bus Endpoints become Root Complex Integrated
1690          * Endpoints, which changes the type and clears the LNK & LNK2 fields.
1691          */
1692         if (type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ENDPOINT) {
1693             vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS,
1694                                    PCI_EXP_TYPE_RC_END << 4,
1695                                    PCI_EXP_FLAGS_TYPE);
1696 
1697             /* Link Capabilities, Status, and Control goes away */
1698             if (size > PCI_EXP_LNKCTL) {
1699                 vfio_add_emulated_long(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCAP, 0, ~0);
1700                 vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCTL, 0, ~0);
1701                 vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKSTA, 0, ~0);
1702 
1703 #ifndef PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2
1704 #define PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2 44
1705 #endif
1706 #ifndef PCI_EXP_LNKSTA2
1707 #define PCI_EXP_LNKSTA2 50
1708 #endif
1709                 /* Link 2 Capabilities, Status, and Control goes away */
1710                 if (size > PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2) {
1711                     vfio_add_emulated_long(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2, 0, ~0);
1712                     vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCTL2, 0, ~0);
1713                     vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKSTA2, 0, ~0);
1714                 }
1715             }
1716 
1717         } else if (type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_LEG_END) {
1718             /*
1719              * Legacy endpoints don't belong on the root complex.  Windows
1720              * seems to be happier with devices if we skip the capability.
1721              */
1722             return 0;
1723         }
1724 
1725     } else {
1726         /*
1727          * Convert Root Complex Integrated Endpoints to regular endpoints.
1728          * These devices don't support LNK/LNK2 capabilities, so make them up.
1729          */
1730         if (type == PCI_EXP_TYPE_RC_END) {
1731             vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS,
1732                                    PCI_EXP_TYPE_ENDPOINT << 4,
1733                                    PCI_EXP_FLAGS_TYPE);
1734             vfio_add_emulated_long(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCAP,
1735                                    PCI_EXP_LNK_MLW_1 | PCI_EXP_LNK_LS_25, ~0);
1736             vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKCTL, 0, ~0);
1737         }
1738 
1739         /* Mark the Link Status bits as emulated to allow virtual negotiation */
1740         vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_EXP_LNKSTA,
1741                                pci_get_word(vdev->pdev.config + pos +
1742                                             PCI_EXP_LNKSTA),
1743                                PCI_EXP_LNKCAP_MLW | PCI_EXP_LNKCAP_SLS);
1744     }
1745 
1746     /*
1747      * Intel 82599 SR-IOV VFs report an invalid PCIe capability version 0
1748      * (Niantic errate #35) causing Windows to error with a Code 10 for the
1749      * device on Q35.  Fixup any such devices to report version 1.  If we
1750      * were to remove the capability entirely the guest would lose extended
1751      * config space.
1752      */
1753     if ((flags & PCI_EXP_FLAGS_VERS) == 0) {
1754         vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, pos + PCI_CAP_FLAGS,
1755                                1, PCI_EXP_FLAGS_VERS);
1756     }
1757 
1758     pos = pci_add_capability(&vdev->pdev, PCI_CAP_ID_EXP, pos, size,
1759                              errp);
1760     if (pos < 0) {
1761         return pos;
1762     }
1763 
1764     vdev->pdev.exp.exp_cap = pos;
1765 
1766     return pos;
1767 }
1768 
1769 static void vfio_check_pcie_flr(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
1770 {
1771     uint32_t cap = pci_get_long(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_EXP_DEVCAP);
1772 
1773     if (cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP_FLR) {
1774         trace_vfio_check_pcie_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
1775         vdev->has_flr = true;
1776     }
1777 }
1778 
1779 static void vfio_check_pm_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
1780 {
1781     uint16_t csr = pci_get_word(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_PM_CTRL);
1782 
1783     if (!(csr & PCI_PM_CTRL_NO_SOFT_RESET)) {
1784         trace_vfio_check_pm_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name);
1785         vdev->has_pm_reset = true;
1786     }
1787 }
1788 
1789 static void vfio_check_af_flr(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos)
1790 {
1791     uint8_t cap = pci_get_byte(vdev->pdev.config + pos + PCI_AF_CAP);
1792 
1793     if ((cap & PCI_AF_CAP_TP) && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_FLR)) {
1794         trace_vfio_check_af_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
1795         vdev->has_flr = true;
1796     }
1797 }
1798 
1799 static int vfio_add_std_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, uint8_t pos, Error **errp)
1800 {
1801     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
1802     uint8_t cap_id, next, size;
1803     int ret;
1804 
1805     cap_id = pdev->config[pos];
1806     next = pdev->config[pos + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT];
1807 
1808     /*
1809      * If it becomes important to configure capabilities to their actual
1810      * size, use this as the default when it's something we don't recognize.
1811      * Since QEMU doesn't actually handle many of the config accesses,
1812      * exact size doesn't seem worthwhile.
1813      */
1814     size = vfio_std_cap_max_size(pdev, pos);
1815 
1816     /*
1817      * pci_add_capability always inserts the new capability at the head
1818      * of the chain.  Therefore to end up with a chain that matches the
1819      * physical device, we insert from the end by making this recursive.
1820      * This is also why we pre-calculate size above as cached config space
1821      * will be changed as we unwind the stack.
1822      */
1823     if (next) {
1824         ret = vfio_add_std_cap(vdev, next, errp);
1825         if (ret) {
1826             goto out;
1827         }
1828     } else {
1829         /* Begin the rebuild, use QEMU emulated list bits */
1830         pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = 0;
1831         vdev->emulated_config_bits[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = 0xff;
1832         vdev->emulated_config_bits[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
1833     }
1834 
1835     /* Use emulated next pointer to allow dropping caps */
1836     pci_set_byte(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pos + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT, 0xff);
1837 
1838     switch (cap_id) {
1839     case PCI_CAP_ID_MSI:
1840         ret = vfio_msi_setup(vdev, pos, errp);
1841         break;
1842     case PCI_CAP_ID_EXP:
1843         vfio_check_pcie_flr(vdev, pos);
1844         ret = vfio_setup_pcie_cap(vdev, pos, size, errp);
1845         break;
1846     case PCI_CAP_ID_MSIX:
1847         ret = vfio_msix_setup(vdev, pos, errp);
1848         break;
1849     case PCI_CAP_ID_PM:
1850         vfio_check_pm_reset(vdev, pos);
1851         vdev->pm_cap = pos;
1852         ret = pci_add_capability(pdev, cap_id, pos, size, errp);
1853         break;
1854     case PCI_CAP_ID_AF:
1855         vfio_check_af_flr(vdev, pos);
1856         ret = pci_add_capability(pdev, cap_id, pos, size, errp);
1857         break;
1858     default:
1859         ret = pci_add_capability(pdev, cap_id, pos, size, errp);
1860         break;
1861     }
1862 out:
1863     if (ret < 0) {
1864         error_prepend(errp,
1865                       "failed to add PCI capability 0x%x[0x%x]@0x%x: ",
1866                       cap_id, size, pos);
1867         return ret;
1868     }
1869 
1870     return 0;
1871 }
1872 
1873 static void vfio_add_ext_cap(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
1874 {
1875     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
1876     uint32_t header;
1877     uint16_t cap_id, next, size;
1878     uint8_t cap_ver;
1879     uint8_t *config;
1880 
1881     /* Only add extended caps if we have them and the guest can see them */
1882     if (!pci_is_express(pdev) || !pci_bus_is_express(pdev->bus) ||
1883         !pci_get_long(pdev->config + PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE)) {
1884         return;
1885     }
1886 
1887     /*
1888      * pcie_add_capability always inserts the new capability at the tail
1889      * of the chain.  Therefore to end up with a chain that matches the
1890      * physical device, we cache the config space to avoid overwriting
1891      * the original config space when we parse the extended capabilities.
1892      */
1893     config = g_memdup(pdev->config, vdev->config_size);
1894 
1895     /*
1896      * Extended capabilities are chained with each pointing to the next, so we
1897      * can drop anything other than the head of the chain simply by modifying
1898      * the previous next pointer.  Seed the head of the chain here such that
1899      * we can simply skip any capabilities we want to drop below, regardless
1900      * of their position in the chain.  If this stub capability still exists
1901      * after we add the capabilities we want to expose, update the capability
1902      * ID to zero.  Note that we cannot seed with the capability header being
1903      * zero as this conflicts with definition of an absent capability chain
1904      * and prevents capabilities beyond the head of the list from being added.
1905      * By replacing the dummy capability ID with zero after walking the device
1906      * chain, we also transparently mark extended capabilities as absent if
1907      * no capabilities were added.  Note that the PCIe spec defines an absence
1908      * of extended capabilities to be determined by a value of zero for the
1909      * capability ID, version, AND next pointer.  A non-zero next pointer
1910      * should be sufficient to indicate additional capabilities are present,
1911      * which will occur if we call pcie_add_capability() below.  The entire
1912      * first dword is emulated to support this.
1913      *
1914      * NB. The kernel side does similar masking, so be prepared that our
1915      * view of the device may also contain a capability ID zero in the head
1916      * of the chain.  Skip it for the same reason that we cannot seed the
1917      * chain with a zero capability.
1918      */
1919     pci_set_long(pdev->config + PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE,
1920                  PCI_EXT_CAP(0xFFFF, 0, 0));
1921     pci_set_long(pdev->wmask + PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE, 0);
1922     pci_set_long(vdev->emulated_config_bits + PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE, ~0);
1923 
1924     for (next = PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE; next;
1925          next = PCI_EXT_CAP_NEXT(pci_get_long(config + next))) {
1926         header = pci_get_long(config + next);
1927         cap_id = PCI_EXT_CAP_ID(header);
1928         cap_ver = PCI_EXT_CAP_VER(header);
1929 
1930         /*
1931          * If it becomes important to configure extended capabilities to their
1932          * actual size, use this as the default when it's something we don't
1933          * recognize. Since QEMU doesn't actually handle many of the config
1934          * accesses, exact size doesn't seem worthwhile.
1935          */
1936         size = vfio_ext_cap_max_size(config, next);
1937 
1938         /* Use emulated next pointer to allow dropping extended caps */
1939         pci_long_test_and_set_mask(vdev->emulated_config_bits + next,
1940                                    PCI_EXT_CAP_NEXT_MASK);
1941 
1942         switch (cap_id) {
1943         case 0: /* kernel masked capability */
1944         case PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_SRIOV: /* Read-only VF BARs confuse OVMF */
1945         case PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_ARI: /* XXX Needs next function virtualization */
1946             trace_vfio_add_ext_cap_dropped(vdev->vbasedev.name, cap_id, next);
1947             break;
1948         default:
1949             pcie_add_capability(pdev, cap_id, cap_ver, next, size);
1950         }
1951 
1952     }
1953 
1954     /* Cleanup chain head ID if necessary */
1955     if (pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE) == 0xFFFF) {
1956         pci_set_word(pdev->config + PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE, 0);
1957     }
1958 
1959     g_free(config);
1960     return;
1961 }
1962 
1963 static int vfio_add_capabilities(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
1964 {
1965     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
1966     int ret;
1967 
1968     if (!(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST) ||
1969         !pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST]) {
1970         return 0; /* Nothing to add */
1971     }
1972 
1973     ret = vfio_add_std_cap(vdev, pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST], errp);
1974     if (ret) {
1975         return ret;
1976     }
1977 
1978     vfio_add_ext_cap(vdev);
1979     return 0;
1980 }
1981 
1982 static void vfio_pci_pre_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
1983 {
1984     PCIDevice *pdev = &vdev->pdev;
1985     uint16_t cmd;
1986 
1987     vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
1988 
1989     /* Make sure the device is in D0 */
1990     if (vdev->pm_cap) {
1991         uint16_t pmcsr;
1992         uint8_t state;
1993 
1994         pmcsr = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, vdev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, 2);
1995         state = pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
1996         if (state) {
1997             pmcsr &= ~PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
1998             vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, vdev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, pmcsr, 2);
1999             /* vfio handles the necessary delay here */
2000             pmcsr = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, vdev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, 2);
2001             state = pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
2002             if (state) {
2003                 error_report("vfio: Unable to power on device, stuck in D%d",
2004                              state);
2005             }
2006         }
2007     }
2008 
2009     /*
2010      * Stop any ongoing DMA by disconecting I/O, MMIO, and bus master.
2011      * Also put INTx Disable in known state.
2012      */
2013     cmd = vfio_pci_read_config(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, 2);
2014     cmd &= ~(PCI_COMMAND_IO | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER |
2015              PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
2016     vfio_pci_write_config(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd, 2);
2017 }
2018 
2019 static void vfio_pci_post_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
2020 {
2021     Error *err = NULL;
2022     int nr;
2023 
2024     vfio_intx_enable(vdev, &err);
2025     if (err) {
2026         error_reportf_err(err, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
2027     }
2028 
2029     for (nr = 0; nr < PCI_NUM_REGIONS - 1; ++nr) {
2030         off_t addr = vdev->config_offset + PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + (4 * nr);
2031         uint32_t val = 0;
2032         uint32_t len = sizeof(val);
2033 
2034         if (pwrite(vdev->vbasedev.fd, &val, len, addr) != len) {
2035             error_report("%s(%s) reset bar %d failed: %m", __func__,
2036                          vdev->vbasedev.name, nr);
2037         }
2038     }
2039 }
2040 
2041 static bool vfio_pci_host_match(PCIHostDeviceAddress *addr, const char *name)
2042 {
2043     char tmp[13];
2044 
2045     sprintf(tmp, "%04x:%02x:%02x.%1x", addr->domain,
2046             addr->bus, addr->slot, addr->function);
2047 
2048     return (strcmp(tmp, name) == 0);
2049 }
2050 
2051 static int vfio_pci_hot_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, bool single)
2052 {
2053     VFIOGroup *group;
2054     struct vfio_pci_hot_reset_info *info;
2055     struct vfio_pci_dependent_device *devices;
2056     struct vfio_pci_hot_reset *reset;
2057     int32_t *fds;
2058     int ret, i, count;
2059     bool multi = false;
2060 
2061     trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name, single ? "one" : "multi");
2062 
2063     if (!single) {
2064         vfio_pci_pre_reset(vdev);
2065     }
2066     vdev->vbasedev.needs_reset = false;
2067 
2068     info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
2069     info->argsz = sizeof(*info);
2070 
2071     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
2072     if (ret && errno != ENOSPC) {
2073         ret = -errno;
2074         if (!vdev->has_pm_reset) {
2075             error_report("vfio: Cannot reset device %s, "
2076                          "no available reset mechanism.", vdev->vbasedev.name);
2077         }
2078         goto out_single;
2079     }
2080 
2081     count = info->count;
2082     info = g_realloc(info, sizeof(*info) + (count * sizeof(*devices)));
2083     info->argsz = sizeof(*info) + (count * sizeof(*devices));
2084     devices = &info->devices[0];
2085 
2086     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO, info);
2087     if (ret) {
2088         ret = -errno;
2089         error_report("vfio: hot reset info failed: %m");
2090         goto out_single;
2091     }
2092 
2093     trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_has_dep_devices(vdev->vbasedev.name);
2094 
2095     /* Verify that we have all the groups required */
2096     for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
2097         PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
2098         VFIOPCIDevice *tmp;
2099         VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
2100 
2101         host.domain = devices[i].segment;
2102         host.bus = devices[i].bus;
2103         host.slot = PCI_SLOT(devices[i].devfn);
2104         host.function = PCI_FUNC(devices[i].devfn);
2105 
2106         trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_dep_devices(host.domain,
2107                 host.bus, host.slot, host.function, devices[i].group_id);
2108 
2109         if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, vdev->vbasedev.name)) {
2110             continue;
2111         }
2112 
2113         QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
2114             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
2115                 break;
2116             }
2117         }
2118 
2119         if (!group) {
2120             if (!vdev->has_pm_reset) {
2121                 error_report("vfio: Cannot reset device %s, "
2122                              "depends on group %d which is not owned.",
2123                              vdev->vbasedev.name, devices[i].group_id);
2124             }
2125             ret = -EPERM;
2126             goto out;
2127         }
2128 
2129         /* Prep dependent devices for reset and clear our marker. */
2130         QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
2131             if (!vbasedev_iter->dev->realized ||
2132                 vbasedev_iter->type != VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI) {
2133                 continue;
2134             }
2135             tmp = container_of(vbasedev_iter, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
2136             if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, tmp->vbasedev.name)) {
2137                 if (single) {
2138                     ret = -EINVAL;
2139                     goto out_single;
2140                 }
2141                 vfio_pci_pre_reset(tmp);
2142                 tmp->vbasedev.needs_reset = false;
2143                 multi = true;
2144                 break;
2145             }
2146         }
2147     }
2148 
2149     if (!single && !multi) {
2150         ret = -EINVAL;
2151         goto out_single;
2152     }
2153 
2154     /* Determine how many group fds need to be passed */
2155     count = 0;
2156     QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
2157         for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
2158             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
2159                 count++;
2160                 break;
2161             }
2162         }
2163     }
2164 
2165     reset = g_malloc0(sizeof(*reset) + (count * sizeof(*fds)));
2166     reset->argsz = sizeof(*reset) + (count * sizeof(*fds));
2167     fds = &reset->group_fds[0];
2168 
2169     /* Fill in group fds */
2170     QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
2171         for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
2172             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
2173                 fds[reset->count++] = group->fd;
2174                 break;
2175             }
2176         }
2177     }
2178 
2179     /* Bus reset! */
2180     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_PCI_HOT_RESET, reset);
2181     g_free(reset);
2182 
2183     trace_vfio_pci_hot_reset_result(vdev->vbasedev.name,
2184                                     ret ? "%m" : "Success");
2185 
2186 out:
2187     /* Re-enable INTx on affected devices */
2188     for (i = 0; i < info->count; i++) {
2189         PCIHostDeviceAddress host;
2190         VFIOPCIDevice *tmp;
2191         VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
2192 
2193         host.domain = devices[i].segment;
2194         host.bus = devices[i].bus;
2195         host.slot = PCI_SLOT(devices[i].devfn);
2196         host.function = PCI_FUNC(devices[i].devfn);
2197 
2198         if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, vdev->vbasedev.name)) {
2199             continue;
2200         }
2201 
2202         QLIST_FOREACH(group, &vfio_group_list, next) {
2203             if (group->groupid == devices[i].group_id) {
2204                 break;
2205             }
2206         }
2207 
2208         if (!group) {
2209             break;
2210         }
2211 
2212         QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
2213             if (!vbasedev_iter->dev->realized ||
2214                 vbasedev_iter->type != VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI) {
2215                 continue;
2216             }
2217             tmp = container_of(vbasedev_iter, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
2218             if (vfio_pci_host_match(&host, tmp->vbasedev.name)) {
2219                 vfio_pci_post_reset(tmp);
2220                 break;
2221             }
2222         }
2223     }
2224 out_single:
2225     if (!single) {
2226         vfio_pci_post_reset(vdev);
2227     }
2228     g_free(info);
2229 
2230     return ret;
2231 }
2232 
2233 /*
2234  * We want to differentiate hot reset of mulitple in-use devices vs hot reset
2235  * of a single in-use device.  VFIO_DEVICE_RESET will already handle the case
2236  * of doing hot resets when there is only a single device per bus.  The in-use
2237  * here refers to how many VFIODevices are affected.  A hot reset that affects
2238  * multiple devices, but only a single in-use device, means that we can call
2239  * it from our bus ->reset() callback since the extent is effectively a single
2240  * device.  This allows us to make use of it in the hotplug path.  When there
2241  * are multiple in-use devices, we can only trigger the hot reset during a
2242  * system reset and thus from our reset handler.  We separate _one vs _multi
2243  * here so that we don't overlap and do a double reset on the system reset
2244  * path where both our reset handler and ->reset() callback are used.  Calling
2245  * _one() will only do a hot reset for the one in-use devices case, calling
2246  * _multi() will do nothing if a _one() would have been sufficient.
2247  */
2248 static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_one(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
2249 {
2250     return vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev, true);
2251 }
2252 
2253 static int vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
2254 {
2255     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
2256     return vfio_pci_hot_reset(vdev, false);
2257 }
2258 
2259 static void vfio_pci_compute_needs_reset(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
2260 {
2261     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = container_of(vbasedev, VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev);
2262     if (!vbasedev->reset_works || (!vdev->has_flr && vdev->has_pm_reset)) {
2263         vbasedev->needs_reset = true;
2264     }
2265 }
2266 
2267 static VFIODeviceOps vfio_pci_ops = {
2268     .vfio_compute_needs_reset = vfio_pci_compute_needs_reset,
2269     .vfio_hot_reset_multi = vfio_pci_hot_reset_multi,
2270     .vfio_eoi = vfio_intx_eoi,
2271 };
2272 
2273 int vfio_populate_vga(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
2274 {
2275     VFIODevice *vbasedev = &vdev->vbasedev;
2276     struct vfio_region_info *reg_info;
2277     int ret;
2278 
2279     ret = vfio_get_region_info(vbasedev, VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX, &reg_info);
2280     if (ret) {
2281         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
2282                          "failed getting region info for VGA region index %d",
2283                          VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX);
2284         return ret;
2285     }
2286 
2287     if (!(reg_info->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ) ||
2288         !(reg_info->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_WRITE) ||
2289         reg_info->size < 0xbffff + 1) {
2290         error_setg(errp, "unexpected VGA info, flags 0x%lx, size 0x%lx",
2291                    (unsigned long)reg_info->flags,
2292                    (unsigned long)reg_info->size);
2293         g_free(reg_info);
2294         return -EINVAL;
2295     }
2296 
2297     vdev->vga = g_new0(VFIOVGA, 1);
2298 
2299     vdev->vga->fd_offset = reg_info->offset;
2300     vdev->vga->fd = vdev->vbasedev.fd;
2301 
2302     g_free(reg_info);
2303 
2304     vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].offset = QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_BASE;
2305     vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].nr = QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM;
2306     QLIST_INIT(&vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].quirks);
2307 
2308     memory_region_init_io(&vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].mem,
2309                           OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_vga_ops,
2310                           &vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM],
2311                           "vfio-vga-mmio@0xa0000",
2312                           QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_SIZE);
2313 
2314     vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].offset = QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_BASE;
2315     vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].nr = QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO;
2316     QLIST_INIT(&vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].quirks);
2317 
2318     memory_region_init_io(&vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].mem,
2319                           OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_vga_ops,
2320                           &vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO],
2321                           "vfio-vga-io@0x3b0",
2322                           QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_SIZE);
2323 
2324     vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].offset = QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_BASE;
2325     vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].nr = QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI;
2326     QLIST_INIT(&vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].quirks);
2327 
2328     memory_region_init_io(&vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].mem,
2329                           OBJECT(vdev), &vfio_vga_ops,
2330                           &vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
2331                           "vfio-vga-io@0x3c0",
2332                           QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_SIZE);
2333 
2334     pci_register_vga(&vdev->pdev, &vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM].mem,
2335                      &vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO].mem,
2336                      &vdev->vga->region[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI].mem);
2337 
2338     return 0;
2339 }
2340 
2341 static void vfio_populate_device(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
2342 {
2343     VFIODevice *vbasedev = &vdev->vbasedev;
2344     struct vfio_region_info *reg_info;
2345     struct vfio_irq_info irq_info = { .argsz = sizeof(irq_info) };
2346     int i, ret = -1;
2347 
2348     /* Sanity check device */
2349     if (!(vbasedev->flags & VFIO_DEVICE_FLAGS_PCI)) {
2350         error_setg(errp, "this isn't a PCI device");
2351         return;
2352     }
2353 
2354     if (vbasedev->num_regions < VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX + 1) {
2355         error_setg(errp, "unexpected number of io regions %u",
2356                    vbasedev->num_regions);
2357         return;
2358     }
2359 
2360     if (vbasedev->num_irqs < VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX + 1) {
2361         error_setg(errp, "unexpected number of irqs %u", vbasedev->num_irqs);
2362         return;
2363     }
2364 
2365     for (i = VFIO_PCI_BAR0_REGION_INDEX; i < VFIO_PCI_ROM_REGION_INDEX; i++) {
2366         char *name = g_strdup_printf("%s BAR %d", vbasedev->name, i);
2367 
2368         ret = vfio_region_setup(OBJECT(vdev), vbasedev,
2369                                 &vdev->bars[i].region, i, name);
2370         g_free(name);
2371 
2372         if (ret) {
2373             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "failed to get region %d info", i);
2374             return;
2375         }
2376 
2377         QLIST_INIT(&vdev->bars[i].quirks);
2378     }
2379 
2380     ret = vfio_get_region_info(vbasedev,
2381                                VFIO_PCI_CONFIG_REGION_INDEX, &reg_info);
2382     if (ret) {
2383         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "failed to get config info");
2384         return;
2385     }
2386 
2387     trace_vfio_populate_device_config(vdev->vbasedev.name,
2388                                       (unsigned long)reg_info->size,
2389                                       (unsigned long)reg_info->offset,
2390                                       (unsigned long)reg_info->flags);
2391 
2392     vdev->config_size = reg_info->size;
2393     if (vdev->config_size == PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE) {
2394         vdev->pdev.cap_present &= ~QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
2395     }
2396     vdev->config_offset = reg_info->offset;
2397 
2398     g_free(reg_info);
2399 
2400     if (vdev->features & VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA) {
2401         ret = vfio_populate_vga(vdev, errp);
2402         if (ret) {
2403             error_append_hint(errp, "device does not support "
2404                               "requested feature x-vga\n");
2405             return;
2406         }
2407     }
2408 
2409     irq_info.index = VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX;
2410 
2411     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO, &irq_info);
2412     if (ret) {
2413         /* This can fail for an old kernel or legacy PCI dev */
2414         trace_vfio_populate_device_get_irq_info_failure();
2415     } else if (irq_info.count == 1) {
2416         vdev->pci_aer = true;
2417     } else {
2418         error_report(WARN_PREFIX
2419                      "Could not enable error recovery for the device",
2420                      vbasedev->name);
2421     }
2422 }
2423 
2424 static void vfio_put_device(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
2425 {
2426     g_free(vdev->vbasedev.name);
2427     g_free(vdev->msix);
2428 
2429     vfio_put_base_device(&vdev->vbasedev);
2430 }
2431 
2432 static void vfio_err_notifier_handler(void *opaque)
2433 {
2434     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
2435 
2436     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vdev->err_notifier)) {
2437         return;
2438     }
2439 
2440     /*
2441      * TBD. Retrieve the error details and decide what action
2442      * needs to be taken. One of the actions could be to pass
2443      * the error to the guest and have the guest driver recover
2444      * from the error. This requires that PCIe capabilities be
2445      * exposed to the guest. For now, we just terminate the
2446      * guest to contain the error.
2447      */
2448 
2449     error_report("%s(%s) Unrecoverable error detected. Please collect any data possible and then kill the guest", __func__, vdev->vbasedev.name);
2450 
2451     vm_stop(RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
2452 }
2453 
2454 /*
2455  * Registers error notifier for devices supporting error recovery.
2456  * If we encounter a failure in this function, we report an error
2457  * and continue after disabling error recovery support for the
2458  * device.
2459  */
2460 static void vfio_register_err_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
2461 {
2462     int ret;
2463     int argsz;
2464     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
2465     int32_t *pfd;
2466 
2467     if (!vdev->pci_aer) {
2468         return;
2469     }
2470 
2471     if (event_notifier_init(&vdev->err_notifier, 0)) {
2472         error_report("vfio: Unable to init event notifier for error detection");
2473         vdev->pci_aer = false;
2474         return;
2475     }
2476 
2477     argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
2478 
2479     irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
2480     irq_set->argsz = argsz;
2481     irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD |
2482                      VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
2483     irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX;
2484     irq_set->start = 0;
2485     irq_set->count = 1;
2486     pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
2487 
2488     *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->err_notifier);
2489     qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, vfio_err_notifier_handler, NULL, vdev);
2490 
2491     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
2492     if (ret) {
2493         error_report("vfio: Failed to set up error notification");
2494         qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
2495         event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->err_notifier);
2496         vdev->pci_aer = false;
2497     }
2498     g_free(irq_set);
2499 }
2500 
2501 static void vfio_unregister_err_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
2502 {
2503     int argsz;
2504     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
2505     int32_t *pfd;
2506     int ret;
2507 
2508     if (!vdev->pci_aer) {
2509         return;
2510     }
2511 
2512     argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
2513 
2514     irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
2515     irq_set->argsz = argsz;
2516     irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD |
2517                      VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
2518     irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX;
2519     irq_set->start = 0;
2520     irq_set->count = 1;
2521     pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
2522     *pfd = -1;
2523 
2524     ret = ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set);
2525     if (ret) {
2526         error_report("vfio: Failed to de-assign error fd: %m");
2527     }
2528     g_free(irq_set);
2529     qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->err_notifier),
2530                         NULL, NULL, vdev);
2531     event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->err_notifier);
2532 }
2533 
2534 static void vfio_req_notifier_handler(void *opaque)
2535 {
2536     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = opaque;
2537     Error *err = NULL;
2538 
2539     if (!event_notifier_test_and_clear(&vdev->req_notifier)) {
2540         return;
2541     }
2542 
2543     qdev_unplug(&vdev->pdev.qdev, &err);
2544     if (err) {
2545         error_reportf_err(err, WARN_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
2546     }
2547 }
2548 
2549 static void vfio_register_req_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
2550 {
2551     struct vfio_irq_info irq_info = { .argsz = sizeof(irq_info),
2552                                       .index = VFIO_PCI_REQ_IRQ_INDEX };
2553     int argsz;
2554     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
2555     int32_t *pfd;
2556 
2557     if (!(vdev->features & VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_REQ)) {
2558         return;
2559     }
2560 
2561     if (ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd,
2562               VFIO_DEVICE_GET_IRQ_INFO, &irq_info) < 0 || irq_info.count < 1) {
2563         return;
2564     }
2565 
2566     if (event_notifier_init(&vdev->req_notifier, 0)) {
2567         error_report("vfio: Unable to init event notifier for device request");
2568         return;
2569     }
2570 
2571     argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
2572 
2573     irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
2574     irq_set->argsz = argsz;
2575     irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD |
2576                      VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
2577     irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_REQ_IRQ_INDEX;
2578     irq_set->start = 0;
2579     irq_set->count = 1;
2580     pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
2581 
2582     *pfd = event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->req_notifier);
2583     qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, vfio_req_notifier_handler, NULL, vdev);
2584 
2585     if (ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set)) {
2586         error_report("vfio: Failed to set up device request notification");
2587         qemu_set_fd_handler(*pfd, NULL, NULL, vdev);
2588         event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->req_notifier);
2589     } else {
2590         vdev->req_enabled = true;
2591     }
2592 
2593     g_free(irq_set);
2594 }
2595 
2596 static void vfio_unregister_req_notifier(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
2597 {
2598     int argsz;
2599     struct vfio_irq_set *irq_set;
2600     int32_t *pfd;
2601 
2602     if (!vdev->req_enabled) {
2603         return;
2604     }
2605 
2606     argsz = sizeof(*irq_set) + sizeof(*pfd);
2607 
2608     irq_set = g_malloc0(argsz);
2609     irq_set->argsz = argsz;
2610     irq_set->flags = VFIO_IRQ_SET_DATA_EVENTFD |
2611                      VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER;
2612     irq_set->index = VFIO_PCI_REQ_IRQ_INDEX;
2613     irq_set->start = 0;
2614     irq_set->count = 1;
2615     pfd = (int32_t *)&irq_set->data;
2616     *pfd = -1;
2617 
2618     if (ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS, irq_set)) {
2619         error_report("vfio: Failed to de-assign device request fd: %m");
2620     }
2621     g_free(irq_set);
2622     qemu_set_fd_handler(event_notifier_get_fd(&vdev->req_notifier),
2623                         NULL, NULL, vdev);
2624     event_notifier_cleanup(&vdev->req_notifier);
2625 
2626     vdev->req_enabled = false;
2627 }
2628 
2629 static void vfio_realize(PCIDevice *pdev, Error **errp)
2630 {
2631     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
2632     VFIODevice *vbasedev_iter;
2633     VFIOGroup *group;
2634     char *tmp, group_path[PATH_MAX], *group_name;
2635     Error *err = NULL;
2636     ssize_t len;
2637     struct stat st;
2638     int groupid;
2639     int i, ret;
2640 
2641     if (!vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev) {
2642         if (!(~vdev->host.domain || ~vdev->host.bus ||
2643               ~vdev->host.slot || ~vdev->host.function)) {
2644             error_setg(errp, "No provided host device");
2645             error_append_hint(errp, "Use -device vfio-pci,host=DDDD:BB:DD.F "
2646                               "or -device vfio-pci,sysfsdev=PATH_TO_DEVICE\n");
2647             return;
2648         }
2649         vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev =
2650             g_strdup_printf("/sys/bus/pci/devices/%04x:%02x:%02x.%01x",
2651                             vdev->host.domain, vdev->host.bus,
2652                             vdev->host.slot, vdev->host.function);
2653     }
2654 
2655     if (stat(vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev, &st) < 0) {
2656         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "no such host device");
2657         error_prepend(errp, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev);
2658         return;
2659     }
2660 
2661     vdev->vbasedev.name = g_strdup(basename(vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev));
2662     vdev->vbasedev.ops = &vfio_pci_ops;
2663     vdev->vbasedev.type = VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI;
2664     vdev->vbasedev.dev = &vdev->pdev.qdev;
2665 
2666     tmp = g_strdup_printf("%s/iommu_group", vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev);
2667     len = readlink(tmp, group_path, sizeof(group_path));
2668     g_free(tmp);
2669 
2670     if (len <= 0 || len >= sizeof(group_path)) {
2671         error_setg_errno(errp, len < 0 ? errno : ENAMETOOLONG,
2672                          "no iommu_group found");
2673         goto error;
2674     }
2675 
2676     group_path[len] = 0;
2677 
2678     group_name = basename(group_path);
2679     if (sscanf(group_name, "%d", &groupid) != 1) {
2680         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "failed to read %s", group_path);
2681         goto error;
2682     }
2683 
2684     trace_vfio_realize(vdev->vbasedev.name, groupid);
2685 
2686     group = vfio_get_group(groupid, pci_device_iommu_address_space(pdev), errp);
2687     if (!group) {
2688         goto error;
2689     }
2690 
2691     QLIST_FOREACH(vbasedev_iter, &group->device_list, next) {
2692         if (strcmp(vbasedev_iter->name, vdev->vbasedev.name) == 0) {
2693             error_setg(errp, "device is already attached");
2694             vfio_put_group(group);
2695             goto error;
2696         }
2697     }
2698 
2699     ret = vfio_get_device(group, vdev->vbasedev.name, &vdev->vbasedev, errp);
2700     if (ret) {
2701         vfio_put_group(group);
2702         goto error;
2703     }
2704 
2705     vfio_populate_device(vdev, &err);
2706     if (err) {
2707         error_propagate(errp, err);
2708         goto error;
2709     }
2710 
2711     /* Get a copy of config space */
2712     ret = pread(vdev->vbasedev.fd, vdev->pdev.config,
2713                 MIN(pci_config_size(&vdev->pdev), vdev->config_size),
2714                 vdev->config_offset);
2715     if (ret < (int)MIN(pci_config_size(&vdev->pdev), vdev->config_size)) {
2716         ret = ret < 0 ? -errno : -EFAULT;
2717         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "failed to read device config space");
2718         goto error;
2719     }
2720 
2721     /* vfio emulates a lot for us, but some bits need extra love */
2722     vdev->emulated_config_bits = g_malloc0(vdev->config_size);
2723 
2724     /* QEMU can choose to expose the ROM or not */
2725     memset(vdev->emulated_config_bits + PCI_ROM_ADDRESS, 0xff, 4);
2726 
2727     /*
2728      * The PCI spec reserves vendor ID 0xffff as an invalid value.  The
2729      * device ID is managed by the vendor and need only be a 16-bit value.
2730      * Allow any 16-bit value for subsystem so they can be hidden or changed.
2731      */
2732     if (vdev->vendor_id != PCI_ANY_ID) {
2733         if (vdev->vendor_id >= 0xffff) {
2734             error_setg(errp, "invalid PCI vendor ID provided");
2735             goto error;
2736         }
2737         vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, PCI_VENDOR_ID, vdev->vendor_id, ~0);
2738         trace_vfio_pci_emulated_vendor_id(vdev->vbasedev.name, vdev->vendor_id);
2739     } else {
2740         vdev->vendor_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
2741     }
2742 
2743     if (vdev->device_id != PCI_ANY_ID) {
2744         if (vdev->device_id > 0xffff) {
2745             error_setg(errp, "invalid PCI device ID provided");
2746             goto error;
2747         }
2748         vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, PCI_DEVICE_ID, vdev->device_id, ~0);
2749         trace_vfio_pci_emulated_device_id(vdev->vbasedev.name, vdev->device_id);
2750     } else {
2751         vdev->device_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
2752     }
2753 
2754     if (vdev->sub_vendor_id != PCI_ANY_ID) {
2755         if (vdev->sub_vendor_id > 0xffff) {
2756             error_setg(errp, "invalid PCI subsystem vendor ID provided");
2757             goto error;
2758         }
2759         vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
2760                                vdev->sub_vendor_id, ~0);
2761         trace_vfio_pci_emulated_sub_vendor_id(vdev->vbasedev.name,
2762                                               vdev->sub_vendor_id);
2763     }
2764 
2765     if (vdev->sub_device_id != PCI_ANY_ID) {
2766         if (vdev->sub_device_id > 0xffff) {
2767             error_setg(errp, "invalid PCI subsystem device ID provided");
2768             goto error;
2769         }
2770         vfio_add_emulated_word(vdev, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID, vdev->sub_device_id, ~0);
2771         trace_vfio_pci_emulated_sub_device_id(vdev->vbasedev.name,
2772                                               vdev->sub_device_id);
2773     }
2774 
2775     /* QEMU can change multi-function devices to single function, or reverse */
2776     vdev->emulated_config_bits[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] =
2777                                               PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
2778 
2779     /* Restore or clear multifunction, this is always controlled by QEMU */
2780     if (vdev->pdev.cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
2781         vdev->pdev.config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] |= PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
2782     } else {
2783         vdev->pdev.config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] &= ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
2784     }
2785 
2786     /*
2787      * Clear host resource mapping info.  If we choose not to register a
2788      * BAR, such as might be the case with the option ROM, we can get
2789      * confusing, unwritable, residual addresses from the host here.
2790      */
2791     memset(&vdev->pdev.config[PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0], 0, 24);
2792     memset(&vdev->pdev.config[PCI_ROM_ADDRESS], 0, 4);
2793 
2794     vfio_pci_size_rom(vdev);
2795 
2796     vfio_msix_early_setup(vdev, &err);
2797     if (err) {
2798         error_propagate(errp, err);
2799         goto error;
2800     }
2801 
2802     vfio_bars_setup(vdev);
2803 
2804     ret = vfio_add_capabilities(vdev, errp);
2805     if (ret) {
2806         goto out_teardown;
2807     }
2808 
2809     if (vdev->vga) {
2810         vfio_vga_quirk_setup(vdev);
2811     }
2812 
2813     for (i = 0; i < PCI_ROM_SLOT; i++) {
2814         vfio_bar_quirk_setup(vdev, i);
2815     }
2816 
2817     if (!vdev->igd_opregion &&
2818         vdev->features & VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_IGD_OPREGION) {
2819         struct vfio_region_info *opregion;
2820 
2821         if (vdev->pdev.qdev.hotplugged) {
2822             error_setg(errp,
2823                        "cannot support IGD OpRegion feature on hotplugged "
2824                        "device");
2825             goto out_teardown;
2826         }
2827 
2828         ret = vfio_get_dev_region_info(&vdev->vbasedev,
2829                         VFIO_REGION_TYPE_PCI_VENDOR_TYPE | PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL,
2830                         VFIO_REGION_SUBTYPE_INTEL_IGD_OPREGION, &opregion);
2831         if (ret) {
2832             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
2833                              "does not support requested IGD OpRegion feature");
2834             goto out_teardown;
2835         }
2836 
2837         ret = vfio_pci_igd_opregion_init(vdev, opregion, errp);
2838         g_free(opregion);
2839         if (ret) {
2840             goto out_teardown;
2841         }
2842     }
2843 
2844     /* QEMU emulates all of MSI & MSIX */
2845     if (pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSIX) {
2846         memset(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pdev->msix_cap, 0xff,
2847                MSIX_CAP_LENGTH);
2848     }
2849 
2850     if (pdev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MSI) {
2851         memset(vdev->emulated_config_bits + pdev->msi_cap, 0xff,
2852                vdev->msi_cap_size);
2853     }
2854 
2855     if (vfio_pci_read_config(&vdev->pdev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, 1)) {
2856         vdev->intx.mmap_timer = timer_new_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL,
2857                                                   vfio_intx_mmap_enable, vdev);
2858         pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(&vdev->pdev, vfio_intx_update);
2859         ret = vfio_intx_enable(vdev, errp);
2860         if (ret) {
2861             goto out_teardown;
2862         }
2863     }
2864 
2865     vfio_register_err_notifier(vdev);
2866     vfio_register_req_notifier(vdev);
2867     vfio_setup_resetfn_quirk(vdev);
2868 
2869     return;
2870 
2871 out_teardown:
2872     pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(&vdev->pdev, NULL);
2873     vfio_teardown_msi(vdev);
2874     vfio_bars_exit(vdev);
2875 error:
2876     error_prepend(errp, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
2877 }
2878 
2879 static void vfio_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
2880 {
2881     PCIDevice *pci_dev = PCI_DEVICE(obj);
2882     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pci_dev);
2883     VFIOGroup *group = vdev->vbasedev.group;
2884 
2885     vfio_bars_finalize(vdev);
2886     g_free(vdev->emulated_config_bits);
2887     g_free(vdev->rom);
2888     /*
2889      * XXX Leaking igd_opregion is not an oversight, we can't remove the
2890      * fw_cfg entry therefore leaking this allocation seems like the safest
2891      * option.
2892      *
2893      * g_free(vdev->igd_opregion);
2894      */
2895     vfio_put_device(vdev);
2896     vfio_put_group(group);
2897 }
2898 
2899 static void vfio_exitfn(PCIDevice *pdev)
2900 {
2901     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
2902 
2903     vfio_unregister_req_notifier(vdev);
2904     vfio_unregister_err_notifier(vdev);
2905     pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(&vdev->pdev, NULL);
2906     vfio_disable_interrupts(vdev);
2907     if (vdev->intx.mmap_timer) {
2908         timer_free(vdev->intx.mmap_timer);
2909     }
2910     vfio_teardown_msi(vdev);
2911     vfio_bars_exit(vdev);
2912 }
2913 
2914 static void vfio_pci_reset(DeviceState *dev)
2915 {
2916     PCIDevice *pdev = DO_UPCAST(PCIDevice, qdev, dev);
2917     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, pdev);
2918 
2919     trace_vfio_pci_reset(vdev->vbasedev.name);
2920 
2921     vfio_pci_pre_reset(vdev);
2922 
2923     if (vdev->resetfn && !vdev->resetfn(vdev)) {
2924         goto post_reset;
2925     }
2926 
2927     if (vdev->vbasedev.reset_works &&
2928         (vdev->has_flr || !vdev->has_pm_reset) &&
2929         !ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
2930         trace_vfio_pci_reset_flr(vdev->vbasedev.name);
2931         goto post_reset;
2932     }
2933 
2934     /* See if we can do our own bus reset */
2935     if (!vfio_pci_hot_reset_one(vdev)) {
2936         goto post_reset;
2937     }
2938 
2939     /* If nothing else works and the device supports PM reset, use it */
2940     if (vdev->vbasedev.reset_works && vdev->has_pm_reset &&
2941         !ioctl(vdev->vbasedev.fd, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET)) {
2942         trace_vfio_pci_reset_pm(vdev->vbasedev.name);
2943         goto post_reset;
2944     }
2945 
2946 post_reset:
2947     vfio_pci_post_reset(vdev);
2948 }
2949 
2950 static void vfio_instance_init(Object *obj)
2951 {
2952     PCIDevice *pci_dev = PCI_DEVICE(obj);
2953     VFIOPCIDevice *vdev = DO_UPCAST(VFIOPCIDevice, pdev, PCI_DEVICE(obj));
2954 
2955     device_add_bootindex_property(obj, &vdev->bootindex,
2956                                   "bootindex", NULL,
2957                                   &pci_dev->qdev, NULL);
2958     vdev->host.domain = ~0U;
2959     vdev->host.bus = ~0U;
2960     vdev->host.slot = ~0U;
2961     vdev->host.function = ~0U;
2962 }
2963 
2964 static Property vfio_pci_dev_properties[] = {
2965     DEFINE_PROP_PCI_HOST_DEVADDR("host", VFIOPCIDevice, host),
2966     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("sysfsdev", VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev.sysfsdev),
2967     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms", VFIOPCIDevice,
2968                        intx.mmap_timeout, 1100),
2969     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-vga", VFIOPCIDevice, features,
2970                     VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_VGA_BIT, false),
2971     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-req", VFIOPCIDevice, features,
2972                     VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_REQ_BIT, true),
2973     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("x-igd-opregion", VFIOPCIDevice, features,
2974                     VFIO_FEATURE_ENABLE_IGD_OPREGION_BIT, false),
2975     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("x-no-mmap", VFIOPCIDevice, vbasedev.no_mmap, false),
2976     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("x-no-kvm-intx", VFIOPCIDevice, no_kvm_intx, false),
2977     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("x-no-kvm-msi", VFIOPCIDevice, no_kvm_msi, false),
2978     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("x-no-kvm-msix", VFIOPCIDevice, no_kvm_msix, false),
2979     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-pci-vendor-id", VFIOPCIDevice, vendor_id, PCI_ANY_ID),
2980     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-pci-device-id", VFIOPCIDevice, device_id, PCI_ANY_ID),
2981     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-pci-sub-vendor-id", VFIOPCIDevice,
2982                        sub_vendor_id, PCI_ANY_ID),
2983     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-pci-sub-device-id", VFIOPCIDevice,
2984                        sub_device_id, PCI_ANY_ID),
2985     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("x-igd-gms", VFIOPCIDevice, igd_gms, 0),
2986     /*
2987      * TODO - support passed fds... is this necessary?
2988      * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiofd", VFIOPCIDevice, vfiofd_name),
2989      * DEFINE_PROP_STRING("vfiogroupfd, VFIOPCIDevice, vfiogroupfd_name),
2990      */
2991     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
2992 };
2993 
2994 static const VMStateDescription vfio_pci_vmstate = {
2995     .name = "vfio-pci",
2996     .unmigratable = 1,
2997 };
2998 
2999 static void vfio_pci_dev_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
3000 {
3001     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
3002     PCIDeviceClass *pdc = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
3003 
3004     dc->reset = vfio_pci_reset;
3005     dc->props = vfio_pci_dev_properties;
3006     dc->vmsd = &vfio_pci_vmstate;
3007     dc->desc = "VFIO-based PCI device assignment";
3008     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC, dc->categories);
3009     pdc->realize = vfio_realize;
3010     pdc->exit = vfio_exitfn;
3011     pdc->config_read = vfio_pci_read_config;
3012     pdc->config_write = vfio_pci_write_config;
3013     pdc->is_express = 1; /* We might be */
3014 }
3015 
3016 static const TypeInfo vfio_pci_dev_info = {
3017     .name = "vfio-pci",
3018     .parent = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
3019     .instance_size = sizeof(VFIOPCIDevice),
3020     .class_init = vfio_pci_dev_class_init,
3021     .instance_init = vfio_instance_init,
3022     .instance_finalize = vfio_instance_finalize,
3023 };
3024 
3025 static void register_vfio_pci_dev_type(void)
3026 {
3027     type_register_static(&vfio_pci_dev_info);
3028 }
3029 
3030 type_init(register_vfio_pci_dev_type)
3031