xref: /openbmc/qemu/hw/pci/pci.c (revision f1020c2c)
1 /*
2  * QEMU PCI bus manager
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
25 #include "hw/hw.h"
26 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
27 #include "hw/pci/pci_bridge.h"
28 #include "hw/pci/pci_bus.h"
29 #include "hw/pci/pci_host.h"
30 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
31 #include "net/net.h"
32 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
33 #include "hw/loader.h"
34 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
35 #include "qemu/range.h"
36 #include "qmp-commands.h"
37 #include "trace.h"
38 #include "hw/pci/msi.h"
39 #include "hw/pci/msix.h"
40 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
41 #include "hw/hotplug.h"
42 #include "hw/boards.h"
43 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
44 
45 //#define DEBUG_PCI
46 #ifdef DEBUG_PCI
47 # define PCI_DPRINTF(format, ...)       printf(format, ## __VA_ARGS__)
48 #else
49 # define PCI_DPRINTF(format, ...)       do { } while (0)
50 #endif
51 
52 static void pcibus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent);
53 static char *pcibus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev);
54 static char *pcibus_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev);
55 static void pcibus_reset(BusState *qbus);
56 
57 static Property pci_props[] = {
58     DEFINE_PROP_PCI_DEVFN("addr", PCIDevice, devfn, -1),
59     DEFINE_PROP_STRING("romfile", PCIDevice, romfile),
60     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("rombar",  PCIDevice, rom_bar, 1),
61     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("multifunction", PCIDevice, cap_present,
62                     QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION_BITNR, false),
63     DEFINE_PROP_BIT("command_serr_enable", PCIDevice, cap_present,
64                     QEMU_PCI_CAP_SERR_BITNR, true),
65     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST()
66 };
67 
68 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcibus = {
69     .name = "PCIBUS",
70     .version_id = 1,
71     .minimum_version_id = 1,
72     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
73         VMSTATE_INT32_EQUAL(nirq, PCIBus),
74         VMSTATE_VARRAY_INT32(irq_count, PCIBus,
75                              nirq, 0, vmstate_info_int32,
76                              int32_t),
77         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
78     }
79 };
80 
81 static void pci_bus_realize(BusState *qbus, Error **errp)
82 {
83     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
84 
85     vmstate_register(NULL, -1, &vmstate_pcibus, bus);
86 }
87 
88 static void pci_bus_unrealize(BusState *qbus, Error **errp)
89 {
90     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(qbus);
91 
92     vmstate_unregister(NULL, &vmstate_pcibus, bus);
93 }
94 
95 static bool pcibus_is_root(PCIBus *bus)
96 {
97     return !bus->parent_dev;
98 }
99 
100 static int pcibus_num(PCIBus *bus)
101 {
102     if (pcibus_is_root(bus)) {
103         return 0; /* pci host bridge */
104     }
105     return bus->parent_dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS];
106 }
107 
108 static uint16_t pcibus_numa_node(PCIBus *bus)
109 {
110     return NUMA_NODE_UNASSIGNED;
111 }
112 
113 static void pci_bus_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
114 {
115     BusClass *k = BUS_CLASS(klass);
116     PCIBusClass *pbc = PCI_BUS_CLASS(klass);
117 
118     k->print_dev = pcibus_dev_print;
119     k->get_dev_path = pcibus_get_dev_path;
120     k->get_fw_dev_path = pcibus_get_fw_dev_path;
121     k->realize = pci_bus_realize;
122     k->unrealize = pci_bus_unrealize;
123     k->reset = pcibus_reset;
124 
125     pbc->is_root = pcibus_is_root;
126     pbc->bus_num = pcibus_num;
127     pbc->numa_node = pcibus_numa_node;
128 }
129 
130 static const TypeInfo pci_bus_info = {
131     .name = TYPE_PCI_BUS,
132     .parent = TYPE_BUS,
133     .instance_size = sizeof(PCIBus),
134     .class_size = sizeof(PCIBusClass),
135     .class_init = pci_bus_class_init,
136 };
137 
138 static const TypeInfo pcie_bus_info = {
139     .name = TYPE_PCIE_BUS,
140     .parent = TYPE_PCI_BUS,
141 };
142 
143 static PCIBus *pci_find_bus_nr(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num);
144 static void pci_update_mappings(PCIDevice *d);
145 static void pci_irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq_num, int level);
146 static void pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool is_default_rom, Error **);
147 static void pci_del_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev);
148 
149 static uint16_t pci_default_sub_vendor_id = PCI_SUBVENDOR_ID_REDHAT_QUMRANET;
150 static uint16_t pci_default_sub_device_id = PCI_SUBDEVICE_ID_QEMU;
151 
152 static QLIST_HEAD(, PCIHostState) pci_host_bridges;
153 
154 int pci_bar(PCIDevice *d, int reg)
155 {
156     uint8_t type;
157 
158     if (reg != PCI_ROM_SLOT)
159         return PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + reg * 4;
160 
161     type = d->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
162     return type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE ? PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1 : PCI_ROM_ADDRESS;
163 }
164 
165 static inline int pci_irq_state(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num)
166 {
167 	return (d->irq_state >> irq_num) & 0x1;
168 }
169 
170 static inline void pci_set_irq_state(PCIDevice *d, int irq_num, int level)
171 {
172 	d->irq_state &= ~(0x1 << irq_num);
173 	d->irq_state |= level << irq_num;
174 }
175 
176 static void pci_change_irq_level(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int irq_num, int change)
177 {
178     PCIBus *bus;
179     for (;;) {
180         bus = pci_dev->bus;
181         irq_num = bus->map_irq(pci_dev, irq_num);
182         if (bus->set_irq)
183             break;
184         pci_dev = bus->parent_dev;
185     }
186     bus->irq_count[irq_num] += change;
187     bus->set_irq(bus->irq_opaque, irq_num, bus->irq_count[irq_num] != 0);
188 }
189 
190 int pci_bus_get_irq_level(PCIBus *bus, int irq_num)
191 {
192     assert(irq_num >= 0);
193     assert(irq_num < bus->nirq);
194     return !!bus->irq_count[irq_num];
195 }
196 
197 /* Update interrupt status bit in config space on interrupt
198  * state change. */
199 static void pci_update_irq_status(PCIDevice *dev)
200 {
201     if (dev->irq_state) {
202         dev->config[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
203     } else {
204         dev->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
205     }
206 }
207 
208 void pci_device_deassert_intx(PCIDevice *dev)
209 {
210     int i;
211     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
212         pci_irq_handler(dev, i, 0);
213     }
214 }
215 
216 static void pci_do_device_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
217 {
218     int r;
219 
220     pci_device_deassert_intx(dev);
221     assert(dev->irq_state == 0);
222 
223     /* Clear all writable bits */
224     pci_word_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND,
225                                  pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND) |
226                                  pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_COMMAND));
227     pci_word_test_and_clear_mask(dev->config + PCI_STATUS,
228                                  pci_get_word(dev->wmask + PCI_STATUS) |
229                                  pci_get_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS));
230     dev->config[PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE] = 0x0;
231     dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE] = 0x0;
232     for (r = 0; r < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; ++r) {
233         PCIIORegion *region = &dev->io_regions[r];
234         if (!region->size) {
235             continue;
236         }
237 
238         if (!(region->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) &&
239             region->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
240             pci_set_quad(dev->config + pci_bar(dev, r), region->type);
241         } else {
242             pci_set_long(dev->config + pci_bar(dev, r), region->type);
243         }
244     }
245     pci_update_mappings(dev);
246 
247     msi_reset(dev);
248     msix_reset(dev);
249 }
250 
251 /*
252  * This function is called on #RST and FLR.
253  * FLR if PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_BCR_FLR is set
254  */
255 void pci_device_reset(PCIDevice *dev)
256 {
257     qdev_reset_all(&dev->qdev);
258     pci_do_device_reset(dev);
259 }
260 
261 /*
262  * Trigger pci bus reset under a given bus.
263  * Called via qbus_reset_all on RST# assert, after the devices
264  * have been reset qdev_reset_all-ed already.
265  */
266 static void pcibus_reset(BusState *qbus)
267 {
268     PCIBus *bus = DO_UPCAST(PCIBus, qbus, qbus);
269     int i;
270 
271     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
272         if (bus->devices[i]) {
273             pci_do_device_reset(bus->devices[i]);
274         }
275     }
276 
277     for (i = 0; i < bus->nirq; i++) {
278         assert(bus->irq_count[i] == 0);
279     }
280 }
281 
282 static void pci_host_bus_register(DeviceState *host)
283 {
284     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(host);
285 
286     QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pci_host_bridges, host_bridge, next);
287 }
288 
289 PCIBus *pci_find_primary_bus(void)
290 {
291     PCIBus *primary_bus = NULL;
292     PCIHostState *host;
293 
294     QLIST_FOREACH(host, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
295         if (primary_bus) {
296             /* We have multiple root buses, refuse to select a primary */
297             return NULL;
298         }
299         primary_bus = host->bus;
300     }
301 
302     return primary_bus;
303 }
304 
305 PCIBus *pci_device_root_bus(const PCIDevice *d)
306 {
307     PCIBus *bus = d->bus;
308 
309     while (!pci_bus_is_root(bus)) {
310         d = bus->parent_dev;
311         assert(d != NULL);
312 
313         bus = d->bus;
314     }
315 
316     return bus;
317 }
318 
319 const char *pci_root_bus_path(PCIDevice *dev)
320 {
321     PCIBus *rootbus = pci_device_root_bus(dev);
322     PCIHostState *host_bridge = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(rootbus->qbus.parent);
323     PCIHostBridgeClass *hc = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_GET_CLASS(host_bridge);
324 
325     assert(host_bridge->bus == rootbus);
326 
327     if (hc->root_bus_path) {
328         return (*hc->root_bus_path)(host_bridge, rootbus);
329     }
330 
331     return rootbus->qbus.name;
332 }
333 
334 static void pci_bus_init(PCIBus *bus, DeviceState *parent,
335                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
336                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
337                          uint8_t devfn_min)
338 {
339     assert(PCI_FUNC(devfn_min) == 0);
340     bus->devfn_min = devfn_min;
341     bus->address_space_mem = address_space_mem;
342     bus->address_space_io = address_space_io;
343 
344     /* host bridge */
345     QLIST_INIT(&bus->child);
346 
347     pci_host_bus_register(parent);
348 }
349 
350 bool pci_bus_is_express(PCIBus *bus)
351 {
352     return object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(bus), TYPE_PCIE_BUS);
353 }
354 
355 bool pci_bus_is_root(PCIBus *bus)
356 {
357     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(bus)->is_root(bus);
358 }
359 
360 void pci_bus_new_inplace(PCIBus *bus, size_t bus_size, DeviceState *parent,
361                          const char *name,
362                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
363                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
364                          uint8_t devfn_min, const char *typename)
365 {
366     qbus_create_inplace(bus, bus_size, typename, parent, name);
367     pci_bus_init(bus, parent, address_space_mem, address_space_io, devfn_min);
368 }
369 
370 PCIBus *pci_bus_new(DeviceState *parent, const char *name,
371                     MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
372                     MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
373                     uint8_t devfn_min, const char *typename)
374 {
375     PCIBus *bus;
376 
377     bus = PCI_BUS(qbus_create(typename, parent, name));
378     pci_bus_init(bus, parent, address_space_mem, address_space_io, devfn_min);
379     return bus;
380 }
381 
382 void pci_bus_irqs(PCIBus *bus, pci_set_irq_fn set_irq, pci_map_irq_fn map_irq,
383                   void *irq_opaque, int nirq)
384 {
385     bus->set_irq = set_irq;
386     bus->map_irq = map_irq;
387     bus->irq_opaque = irq_opaque;
388     bus->nirq = nirq;
389     bus->irq_count = g_malloc0(nirq * sizeof(bus->irq_count[0]));
390 }
391 
392 PCIBus *pci_register_bus(DeviceState *parent, const char *name,
393                          pci_set_irq_fn set_irq, pci_map_irq_fn map_irq,
394                          void *irq_opaque,
395                          MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
396                          MemoryRegion *address_space_io,
397                          uint8_t devfn_min, int nirq, const char *typename)
398 {
399     PCIBus *bus;
400 
401     bus = pci_bus_new(parent, name, address_space_mem,
402                       address_space_io, devfn_min, typename);
403     pci_bus_irqs(bus, set_irq, map_irq, irq_opaque, nirq);
404     return bus;
405 }
406 
407 int pci_bus_num(PCIBus *s)
408 {
409     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(s)->bus_num(s);
410 }
411 
412 int pci_bus_numa_node(PCIBus *bus)
413 {
414     return PCI_BUS_GET_CLASS(bus)->numa_node(bus);
415 }
416 
417 static int get_pci_config_device(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
418 {
419     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, config);
420     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(s);
421     uint8_t *config;
422     int i;
423 
424     assert(size == pci_config_size(s));
425     config = g_malloc(size);
426 
427     qemu_get_buffer(f, config, size);
428     for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
429         if ((config[i] ^ s->config[i]) &
430             s->cmask[i] & ~s->wmask[i] & ~s->w1cmask[i]) {
431             error_report("%s: Bad config data: i=0x%x read: %x device: %x "
432                          "cmask: %x wmask: %x w1cmask:%x", __func__,
433                          i, config[i], s->config[i],
434                          s->cmask[i], s->wmask[i], s->w1cmask[i]);
435             g_free(config);
436             return -EINVAL;
437         }
438     }
439     memcpy(s->config, config, size);
440 
441     pci_update_mappings(s);
442     if (pc->is_bridge) {
443         PCIBridge *b = PCI_BRIDGE(s);
444         pci_bridge_update_mappings(b);
445     }
446 
447     memory_region_set_enabled(&s->bus_master_enable_region,
448                               pci_get_word(s->config + PCI_COMMAND)
449                               & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
450 
451     g_free(config);
452     return 0;
453 }
454 
455 /* just put buffer */
456 static void put_pci_config_device(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
457 {
458     const uint8_t **v = pv;
459     assert(size == pci_config_size(container_of(pv, PCIDevice, config)));
460     qemu_put_buffer(f, *v, size);
461 }
462 
463 static VMStateInfo vmstate_info_pci_config = {
464     .name = "pci config",
465     .get  = get_pci_config_device,
466     .put  = put_pci_config_device,
467 };
468 
469 static int get_pci_irq_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
470 {
471     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, irq_state);
472     uint32_t irq_state[PCI_NUM_PINS];
473     int i;
474     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
475         irq_state[i] = qemu_get_be32(f);
476         if (irq_state[i] != 0x1 && irq_state[i] != 0) {
477             fprintf(stderr, "irq state %d: must be 0 or 1.\n",
478                     irq_state[i]);
479             return -EINVAL;
480         }
481     }
482 
483     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
484         pci_set_irq_state(s, i, irq_state[i]);
485     }
486 
487     return 0;
488 }
489 
490 static void put_pci_irq_state(QEMUFile *f, void *pv, size_t size)
491 {
492     int i;
493     PCIDevice *s = container_of(pv, PCIDevice, irq_state);
494 
495     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
496         qemu_put_be32(f, pci_irq_state(s, i));
497     }
498 }
499 
500 static VMStateInfo vmstate_info_pci_irq_state = {
501     .name = "pci irq state",
502     .get  = get_pci_irq_state,
503     .put  = put_pci_irq_state,
504 };
505 
506 const VMStateDescription vmstate_pci_device = {
507     .name = "PCIDevice",
508     .version_id = 2,
509     .minimum_version_id = 1,
510     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
511         VMSTATE_INT32_POSITIVE_LE(version_id, PCIDevice),
512         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(config, PCIDevice, 0,
513                                    vmstate_info_pci_config,
514                                    PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE),
515         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(irq_state, PCIDevice, 2,
516 				   vmstate_info_pci_irq_state,
517 				   PCI_NUM_PINS * sizeof(int32_t)),
518         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
519     }
520 };
521 
522 const VMStateDescription vmstate_pcie_device = {
523     .name = "PCIEDevice",
524     .version_id = 2,
525     .minimum_version_id = 1,
526     .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
527         VMSTATE_INT32_POSITIVE_LE(version_id, PCIDevice),
528         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(config, PCIDevice, 0,
529                                    vmstate_info_pci_config,
530                                    PCIE_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE),
531         VMSTATE_BUFFER_UNSAFE_INFO(irq_state, PCIDevice, 2,
532 				   vmstate_info_pci_irq_state,
533 				   PCI_NUM_PINS * sizeof(int32_t)),
534         VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
535     }
536 };
537 
538 static inline const VMStateDescription *pci_get_vmstate(PCIDevice *s)
539 {
540     return pci_is_express(s) ? &vmstate_pcie_device : &vmstate_pci_device;
541 }
542 
543 void pci_device_save(PCIDevice *s, QEMUFile *f)
544 {
545     /* Clear interrupt status bit: it is implicit
546      * in irq_state which we are saving.
547      * This makes us compatible with old devices
548      * which never set or clear this bit. */
549     s->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;
550     vmstate_save_state(f, pci_get_vmstate(s), s, NULL);
551     /* Restore the interrupt status bit. */
552     pci_update_irq_status(s);
553 }
554 
555 int pci_device_load(PCIDevice *s, QEMUFile *f)
556 {
557     int ret;
558     ret = vmstate_load_state(f, pci_get_vmstate(s), s, s->version_id);
559     /* Restore the interrupt status bit. */
560     pci_update_irq_status(s);
561     return ret;
562 }
563 
564 static void pci_set_default_subsystem_id(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
565 {
566     pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
567                  pci_default_sub_vendor_id);
568     pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID,
569                  pci_default_sub_device_id);
570 }
571 
572 /*
573  * Parse [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>, return -1 on error if funcp == NULL
574  *       [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>.<func>, return -1 on error
575  */
576 static int pci_parse_devaddr(const char *addr, int *domp, int *busp,
577                              unsigned int *slotp, unsigned int *funcp)
578 {
579     const char *p;
580     char *e;
581     unsigned long val;
582     unsigned long dom = 0, bus = 0;
583     unsigned int slot = 0;
584     unsigned int func = 0;
585 
586     p = addr;
587     val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
588     if (e == p)
589 	return -1;
590     if (*e == ':') {
591 	bus = val;
592 	p = e + 1;
593 	val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
594 	if (e == p)
595 	    return -1;
596 	if (*e == ':') {
597 	    dom = bus;
598 	    bus = val;
599 	    p = e + 1;
600 	    val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
601 	    if (e == p)
602 		return -1;
603 	}
604     }
605 
606     slot = val;
607 
608     if (funcp != NULL) {
609         if (*e != '.')
610             return -1;
611 
612         p = e + 1;
613         val = strtoul(p, &e, 16);
614         if (e == p)
615             return -1;
616 
617         func = val;
618     }
619 
620     /* if funcp == NULL func is 0 */
621     if (dom > 0xffff || bus > 0xff || slot > 0x1f || func > 7)
622 	return -1;
623 
624     if (*e)
625 	return -1;
626 
627     *domp = dom;
628     *busp = bus;
629     *slotp = slot;
630     if (funcp != NULL)
631         *funcp = func;
632     return 0;
633 }
634 
635 static PCIBus *pci_get_bus_devfn(int *devfnp, PCIBus *root,
636                                  const char *devaddr)
637 {
638     int dom, bus;
639     unsigned slot;
640 
641     if (!root) {
642         fprintf(stderr, "No primary PCI bus\n");
643         return NULL;
644     }
645 
646     assert(!root->parent_dev);
647 
648     if (!devaddr) {
649         *devfnp = -1;
650         return pci_find_bus_nr(root, 0);
651     }
652 
653     if (pci_parse_devaddr(devaddr, &dom, &bus, &slot, NULL) < 0) {
654         return NULL;
655     }
656 
657     if (dom != 0) {
658         fprintf(stderr, "No support for non-zero PCI domains\n");
659         return NULL;
660     }
661 
662     *devfnp = PCI_DEVFN(slot, 0);
663     return pci_find_bus_nr(root, bus);
664 }
665 
666 static void pci_init_cmask(PCIDevice *dev)
667 {
668     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_VENDOR_ID, 0xffff);
669     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_DEVICE_ID, 0xffff);
670     dev->cmask[PCI_STATUS] = PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
671     dev->cmask[PCI_REVISION_ID] = 0xff;
672     dev->cmask[PCI_CLASS_PROG] = 0xff;
673     pci_set_word(dev->cmask + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE, 0xffff);
674     dev->cmask[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] = 0xff;
675     dev->cmask[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = 0xff;
676 }
677 
678 static void pci_init_wmask(PCIDevice *dev)
679 {
680     int config_size = pci_config_size(dev);
681 
682     dev->wmask[PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE] = 0xff;
683     dev->wmask[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE] = 0xff;
684     pci_set_word(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND,
685                  PCI_COMMAND_IO | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER |
686                  PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
687     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_SERR) {
688         pci_word_test_and_set_mask(dev->wmask + PCI_COMMAND, PCI_COMMAND_SERR);
689     }
690 
691     memset(dev->wmask + PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE, 0xff,
692            config_size - PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE);
693 }
694 
695 static void pci_init_w1cmask(PCIDevice *dev)
696 {
697     /*
698      * Note: It's okay to set w1cmask even for readonly bits as
699      * long as their value is hardwired to 0.
700      */
701     pci_set_word(dev->w1cmask + PCI_STATUS,
702                  PCI_STATUS_PARITY | PCI_STATUS_SIG_TARGET_ABORT |
703                  PCI_STATUS_REC_TARGET_ABORT | PCI_STATUS_REC_MASTER_ABORT |
704                  PCI_STATUS_SIG_SYSTEM_ERROR | PCI_STATUS_DETECTED_PARITY);
705 }
706 
707 static void pci_init_mask_bridge(PCIDevice *d)
708 {
709     /* PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, PCI_SECONDARY_BUS, PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS and
710        PCI_SEC_LETENCY_TIMER */
711     memset(d->wmask + PCI_PRIMARY_BUS, 0xff, 4);
712 
713     /* base and limit */
714     d->wmask[PCI_IO_BASE] = PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK & 0xff;
715     d->wmask[PCI_IO_LIMIT] = PCI_IO_RANGE_MASK & 0xff;
716     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_MEMORY_BASE,
717                  PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
718     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_MEMORY_LIMIT,
719                  PCI_MEMORY_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
720     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
721                  PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
722     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
723                  PCI_PREF_RANGE_MASK & 0xffff);
724 
725     /* PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32 and PCI_PREF_LIMIT_UPPER32 */
726     memset(d->wmask + PCI_PREF_BASE_UPPER32, 0xff, 8);
727 
728     /* Supported memory and i/o types */
729     d->config[PCI_IO_BASE] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_16;
730     d->config[PCI_IO_LIMIT] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_16;
731     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->config + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
732                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64);
733     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->config + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
734                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_64);
735 
736     /*
737      * TODO: Bridges default to 10-bit VGA decoding but we currently only
738      * implement 16-bit decoding (no alias support).
739      */
740     pci_set_word(d->wmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
741                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_PARITY |
742                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR |
743                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_ISA |
744                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA |
745                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA_16BIT |
746                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_MASTER_ABORT |
747                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET |
748                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_FAST_BACK |
749                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD |
750                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SEC_DISCARD |
751                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD_SERR);
752     /* Below does not do anything as we never set this bit, put here for
753      * completeness. */
754     pci_set_word(d->w1cmask + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
755                  PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_DISCARD_STATUS);
756     d->cmask[PCI_IO_BASE] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK;
757     d->cmask[PCI_IO_LIMIT] |= PCI_IO_RANGE_TYPE_MASK;
758     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->cmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_BASE,
759                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK);
760     pci_word_test_and_set_mask(d->cmask + PCI_PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT,
761                                PCI_PREF_RANGE_TYPE_MASK);
762 }
763 
764 static void pci_init_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
765 {
766     uint8_t slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
767     uint8_t func;
768 
769     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
770         dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] |= PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
771     }
772 
773     /*
774      * multifunction bit is interpreted in two ways as follows.
775      *   - all functions must set the bit to 1.
776      *     Example: Intel X53
777      *   - function 0 must set the bit, but the rest function (> 0)
778      *     is allowed to leave the bit to 0.
779      *     Example: PIIX3(also in qemu), PIIX4(also in qemu), ICH10,
780      *
781      * So OS (at least Linux) checks the bit of only function 0,
782      * and doesn't see the bit of function > 0.
783      *
784      * The below check allows both interpretation.
785      */
786     if (PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn)) {
787         PCIDevice *f0 = bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(slot, 0)];
788         if (f0 && !(f0->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION)) {
789             /* function 0 should set multifunction bit */
790             error_setg(errp, "PCI: single function device can't be populated "
791                        "in function %x.%x", slot, PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn));
792             return;
793         }
794         return;
795     }
796 
797     if (dev->cap_present & QEMU_PCI_CAP_MULTIFUNCTION) {
798         return;
799     }
800     /* function 0 indicates single function, so function > 0 must be NULL */
801     for (func = 1; func < PCI_FUNC_MAX; ++func) {
802         if (bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(slot, func)]) {
803             error_setg(errp, "PCI: %x.0 indicates single function, "
804                        "but %x.%x is already populated.",
805                        slot, slot, func);
806             return;
807         }
808     }
809 }
810 
811 static void pci_config_alloc(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
812 {
813     int config_size = pci_config_size(pci_dev);
814 
815     pci_dev->config = g_malloc0(config_size);
816     pci_dev->cmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
817     pci_dev->wmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
818     pci_dev->w1cmask = g_malloc0(config_size);
819     pci_dev->used = g_malloc0(config_size);
820 }
821 
822 static void pci_config_free(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
823 {
824     g_free(pci_dev->config);
825     g_free(pci_dev->cmask);
826     g_free(pci_dev->wmask);
827     g_free(pci_dev->w1cmask);
828     g_free(pci_dev->used);
829 }
830 
831 static void do_pci_unregister_device(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
832 {
833     pci_dev->bus->devices[pci_dev->devfn] = NULL;
834     pci_config_free(pci_dev);
835 
836     address_space_destroy(&pci_dev->bus_master_as);
837 }
838 
839 /* -1 for devfn means auto assign */
840 static PCIDevice *do_pci_register_device(PCIDevice *pci_dev, PCIBus *bus,
841                                          const char *name, int devfn,
842                                          Error **errp)
843 {
844     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
845     PCIConfigReadFunc *config_read = pc->config_read;
846     PCIConfigWriteFunc *config_write = pc->config_write;
847     Error *local_err = NULL;
848     AddressSpace *dma_as;
849     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(pci_dev);
850 
851     pci_dev->bus = bus;
852     /* Only pci bridges can be attached to extra PCI root buses */
853     if (pci_bus_is_root(bus) && bus->parent_dev && !pc->is_bridge) {
854         error_setg(errp,
855                    "PCI: Only PCI/PCIe bridges can be plugged into %s",
856                     bus->parent_dev->name);
857         return NULL;
858     }
859 
860     if (devfn < 0) {
861         for(devfn = bus->devfn_min ; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices);
862             devfn += PCI_FUNC_MAX) {
863             if (!bus->devices[devfn])
864                 goto found;
865         }
866         error_setg(errp, "PCI: no slot/function available for %s, all in use",
867                    name);
868         return NULL;
869     found: ;
870     } else if (bus->devices[devfn]) {
871         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function %d not available for %s,"
872                    " in use by %s",
873                    PCI_SLOT(devfn), PCI_FUNC(devfn), name,
874                    bus->devices[devfn]->name);
875         return NULL;
876     } else if (dev->hotplugged &&
877                pci_get_function_0(pci_dev)) {
878         error_setg(errp, "PCI: slot %d function 0 already ocuppied by %s,"
879                    " new func %s cannot be exposed to guest.",
880                    PCI_SLOT(devfn),
881                    bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(PCI_SLOT(devfn), 0)]->name,
882                    name);
883 
884        return NULL;
885     }
886 
887     pci_dev->devfn = devfn;
888     dma_as = pci_device_iommu_address_space(pci_dev);
889 
890     memory_region_init_alias(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region,
891                              OBJECT(pci_dev), "bus master",
892                              dma_as->root, 0, memory_region_size(dma_as->root));
893     memory_region_set_enabled(&pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region, false);
894     address_space_init(&pci_dev->bus_master_as, &pci_dev->bus_master_enable_region,
895                        name);
896 
897     pstrcpy(pci_dev->name, sizeof(pci_dev->name), name);
898     pci_dev->irq_state = 0;
899     pci_config_alloc(pci_dev);
900 
901     pci_config_set_vendor_id(pci_dev->config, pc->vendor_id);
902     pci_config_set_device_id(pci_dev->config, pc->device_id);
903     pci_config_set_revision(pci_dev->config, pc->revision);
904     pci_config_set_class(pci_dev->config, pc->class_id);
905 
906     if (!pc->is_bridge) {
907         if (pc->subsystem_vendor_id || pc->subsystem_id) {
908             pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID,
909                          pc->subsystem_vendor_id);
910             pci_set_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID,
911                          pc->subsystem_id);
912         } else {
913             pci_set_default_subsystem_id(pci_dev);
914         }
915     } else {
916         /* subsystem_vendor_id/subsystem_id are only for header type 0 */
917         assert(!pc->subsystem_vendor_id);
918         assert(!pc->subsystem_id);
919     }
920     pci_init_cmask(pci_dev);
921     pci_init_wmask(pci_dev);
922     pci_init_w1cmask(pci_dev);
923     if (pc->is_bridge) {
924         pci_init_mask_bridge(pci_dev);
925     }
926     pci_init_multifunction(bus, pci_dev, &local_err);
927     if (local_err) {
928         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
929         do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
930         return NULL;
931     }
932 
933     if (!config_read)
934         config_read = pci_default_read_config;
935     if (!config_write)
936         config_write = pci_default_write_config;
937     pci_dev->config_read = config_read;
938     pci_dev->config_write = config_write;
939     bus->devices[devfn] = pci_dev;
940     pci_dev->version_id = 2; /* Current pci device vmstate version */
941     return pci_dev;
942 }
943 
944 static void pci_unregister_io_regions(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
945 {
946     PCIIORegion *r;
947     int i;
948 
949     for(i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
950         r = &pci_dev->io_regions[i];
951         if (!r->size || r->addr == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED)
952             continue;
953         memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, r->memory);
954     }
955 
956     pci_unregister_vga(pci_dev);
957 }
958 
959 static void pci_qdev_unrealize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
960 {
961     PCIDevice *pci_dev = PCI_DEVICE(dev);
962     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
963 
964     pci_unregister_io_regions(pci_dev);
965     pci_del_option_rom(pci_dev);
966 
967     if (pc->exit) {
968         pc->exit(pci_dev);
969     }
970 
971     do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
972 }
973 
974 void pci_register_bar(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int region_num,
975                       uint8_t type, MemoryRegion *memory)
976 {
977     PCIIORegion *r;
978     uint32_t addr;
979     uint64_t wmask;
980     pcibus_t size = memory_region_size(memory);
981 
982     assert(region_num >= 0);
983     assert(region_num < PCI_NUM_REGIONS);
984     if (size & (size-1)) {
985         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: PCI region size must be pow2 "
986                     "type=0x%x, size=0x%"FMT_PCIBUS"\n", type, size);
987         exit(1);
988     }
989 
990     r = &pci_dev->io_regions[region_num];
991     r->addr = PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
992     r->size = size;
993     r->type = type;
994     r->memory = NULL;
995 
996     wmask = ~(size - 1);
997     addr = pci_bar(pci_dev, region_num);
998     if (region_num == PCI_ROM_SLOT) {
999         /* ROM enable bit is writable */
1000         wmask |= PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_ENABLE;
1001     }
1002     pci_set_long(pci_dev->config + addr, type);
1003     if (!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) &&
1004         r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
1005         pci_set_quad(pci_dev->wmask + addr, wmask);
1006         pci_set_quad(pci_dev->cmask + addr, ~0ULL);
1007     } else {
1008         pci_set_long(pci_dev->wmask + addr, wmask & 0xffffffff);
1009         pci_set_long(pci_dev->cmask + addr, 0xffffffff);
1010     }
1011     pci_dev->io_regions[region_num].memory = memory;
1012     pci_dev->io_regions[region_num].address_space
1013         = type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO
1014         ? pci_dev->bus->address_space_io
1015         : pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem;
1016 }
1017 
1018 static void pci_update_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1019 {
1020     uint16_t cmd;
1021 
1022     if (!pci_dev->has_vga) {
1023         return;
1024     }
1025 
1026     cmd = pci_get_word(pci_dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
1027 
1028     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM],
1029                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
1030     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO],
1031                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
1032     memory_region_set_enabled(pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI],
1033                               cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
1034 }
1035 
1036 void pci_register_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev, MemoryRegion *mem,
1037                       MemoryRegion *io_lo, MemoryRegion *io_hi)
1038 {
1039     assert(!pci_dev->has_vga);
1040 
1041     assert(memory_region_size(mem) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_SIZE);
1042     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM] = mem;
1043     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem,
1044                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM_BASE, mem, 1);
1045 
1046     assert(memory_region_size(io_lo) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_SIZE);
1047     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO] = io_lo;
1048     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1049                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO_BASE, io_lo, 1);
1050 
1051     assert(memory_region_size(io_hi) == QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_SIZE);
1052     pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI] = io_hi;
1053     memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1054                                         QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI_BASE, io_hi, 1);
1055     pci_dev->has_vga = true;
1056 
1057     pci_update_vga(pci_dev);
1058 }
1059 
1060 void pci_unregister_vga(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1061 {
1062     if (!pci_dev->has_vga) {
1063         return;
1064     }
1065 
1066     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_mem,
1067                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_MEM]);
1068     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1069                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_LO]);
1070     memory_region_del_subregion(pci_dev->bus->address_space_io,
1071                                 pci_dev->vga_regions[QEMU_PCI_VGA_IO_HI]);
1072     pci_dev->has_vga = false;
1073 }
1074 
1075 pcibus_t pci_get_bar_addr(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int region_num)
1076 {
1077     return pci_dev->io_regions[region_num].addr;
1078 }
1079 
1080 static pcibus_t pci_bar_address(PCIDevice *d,
1081 				int reg, uint8_t type, pcibus_t size)
1082 {
1083     pcibus_t new_addr, last_addr;
1084     int bar = pci_bar(d, reg);
1085     uint16_t cmd = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND);
1086     Object *machine = qdev_get_machine();
1087     ObjectClass *oc = object_get_class(machine);
1088     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
1089     bool allow_0_address = mc->pci_allow_0_address;
1090 
1091     if (type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
1092         if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO)) {
1093             return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1094         }
1095         new_addr = pci_get_long(d->config + bar) & ~(size - 1);
1096         last_addr = new_addr + size - 1;
1097         /* Check if 32 bit BAR wraps around explicitly.
1098          * TODO: make priorities correct and remove this work around.
1099          */
1100         if (last_addr <= new_addr || last_addr >= UINT32_MAX ||
1101             (!allow_0_address && new_addr == 0)) {
1102             return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1103         }
1104         return new_addr;
1105     }
1106 
1107     if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
1108         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1109     }
1110     if (type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) {
1111         new_addr = pci_get_quad(d->config + bar);
1112     } else {
1113         new_addr = pci_get_long(d->config + bar);
1114     }
1115     /* the ROM slot has a specific enable bit */
1116     if (reg == PCI_ROM_SLOT && !(new_addr & PCI_ROM_ADDRESS_ENABLE)) {
1117         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1118     }
1119     new_addr &= ~(size - 1);
1120     last_addr = new_addr + size - 1;
1121     /* NOTE: we do not support wrapping */
1122     /* XXX: as we cannot support really dynamic
1123        mappings, we handle specific values as invalid
1124        mappings. */
1125     if (last_addr <= new_addr || last_addr == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED ||
1126         (!allow_0_address && new_addr == 0)) {
1127         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1128     }
1129 
1130     /* Now pcibus_t is 64bit.
1131      * Check if 32 bit BAR wraps around explicitly.
1132      * Without this, PC ide doesn't work well.
1133      * TODO: remove this work around.
1134      */
1135     if  (!(type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64) && last_addr >= UINT32_MAX) {
1136         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1137     }
1138 
1139     /*
1140      * OS is allowed to set BAR beyond its addressable
1141      * bits. For example, 32 bit OS can set 64bit bar
1142      * to >4G. Check it. TODO: we might need to support
1143      * it in the future for e.g. PAE.
1144      */
1145     if (last_addr >= HWADDR_MAX) {
1146         return PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED;
1147     }
1148 
1149     return new_addr;
1150 }
1151 
1152 static void pci_update_mappings(PCIDevice *d)
1153 {
1154     PCIIORegion *r;
1155     int i;
1156     pcibus_t new_addr;
1157 
1158     for(i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1159         r = &d->io_regions[i];
1160 
1161         /* this region isn't registered */
1162         if (!r->size)
1163             continue;
1164 
1165         new_addr = pci_bar_address(d, i, r->type, r->size);
1166 
1167         /* This bar isn't changed */
1168         if (new_addr == r->addr)
1169             continue;
1170 
1171         /* now do the real mapping */
1172         if (r->addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
1173             trace_pci_update_mappings_del(d, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
1174                                           PCI_SLOT(d->devfn),
1175                                           PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
1176                                           i, r->addr, r->size);
1177             memory_region_del_subregion(r->address_space, r->memory);
1178         }
1179         r->addr = new_addr;
1180         if (r->addr != PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
1181             trace_pci_update_mappings_add(d, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
1182                                           PCI_SLOT(d->devfn),
1183                                           PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
1184                                           i, r->addr, r->size);
1185             memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(r->address_space,
1186                                                 r->addr, r->memory, 1);
1187         }
1188     }
1189 
1190     pci_update_vga(d);
1191 }
1192 
1193 static inline int pci_irq_disabled(PCIDevice *d)
1194 {
1195     return pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND) & PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE;
1196 }
1197 
1198 /* Called after interrupt disabled field update in config space,
1199  * assert/deassert interrupts if necessary.
1200  * Gets original interrupt disable bit value (before update). */
1201 static void pci_update_irq_disabled(PCIDevice *d, int was_irq_disabled)
1202 {
1203     int i, disabled = pci_irq_disabled(d);
1204     if (disabled == was_irq_disabled)
1205         return;
1206     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_PINS; ++i) {
1207         int state = pci_irq_state(d, i);
1208         pci_change_irq_level(d, i, disabled ? -state : state);
1209     }
1210 }
1211 
1212 uint32_t pci_default_read_config(PCIDevice *d,
1213                                  uint32_t address, int len)
1214 {
1215     uint32_t val = 0;
1216 
1217     memcpy(&val, d->config + address, len);
1218     return le32_to_cpu(val);
1219 }
1220 
1221 void pci_default_write_config(PCIDevice *d, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val_in, int l)
1222 {
1223     int i, was_irq_disabled = pci_irq_disabled(d);
1224     uint32_t val = val_in;
1225 
1226     for (i = 0; i < l; val >>= 8, ++i) {
1227         uint8_t wmask = d->wmask[addr + i];
1228         uint8_t w1cmask = d->w1cmask[addr + i];
1229         assert(!(wmask & w1cmask));
1230         d->config[addr + i] = (d->config[addr + i] & ~wmask) | (val & wmask);
1231         d->config[addr + i] &= ~(val & w1cmask); /* W1C: Write 1 to Clear */
1232     }
1233     if (ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0, 24) ||
1234         ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS, 4) ||
1235         ranges_overlap(addr, l, PCI_ROM_ADDRESS1, 4) ||
1236         range_covers_byte(addr, l, PCI_COMMAND))
1237         pci_update_mappings(d);
1238 
1239     if (range_covers_byte(addr, l, PCI_COMMAND)) {
1240         pci_update_irq_disabled(d, was_irq_disabled);
1241         memory_region_set_enabled(&d->bus_master_enable_region,
1242                                   pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND)
1243                                     & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
1244     }
1245 
1246     msi_write_config(d, addr, val_in, l);
1247     msix_write_config(d, addr, val_in, l);
1248 }
1249 
1250 /***********************************************************/
1251 /* generic PCI irq support */
1252 
1253 /* 0 <= irq_num <= 3. level must be 0 or 1 */
1254 static void pci_irq_handler(void *opaque, int irq_num, int level)
1255 {
1256     PCIDevice *pci_dev = opaque;
1257     int change;
1258 
1259     change = level - pci_irq_state(pci_dev, irq_num);
1260     if (!change)
1261         return;
1262 
1263     pci_set_irq_state(pci_dev, irq_num, level);
1264     pci_update_irq_status(pci_dev);
1265     if (pci_irq_disabled(pci_dev))
1266         return;
1267     pci_change_irq_level(pci_dev, irq_num, change);
1268 }
1269 
1270 static inline int pci_intx(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1271 {
1272     return pci_get_byte(pci_dev->config + PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN) - 1;
1273 }
1274 
1275 qemu_irq pci_allocate_irq(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
1276 {
1277     int intx = pci_intx(pci_dev);
1278 
1279     return qemu_allocate_irq(pci_irq_handler, pci_dev, intx);
1280 }
1281 
1282 void pci_set_irq(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int level)
1283 {
1284     int intx = pci_intx(pci_dev);
1285     pci_irq_handler(pci_dev, intx, level);
1286 }
1287 
1288 /* Special hooks used by device assignment */
1289 void pci_bus_set_route_irq_fn(PCIBus *bus, pci_route_irq_fn route_intx_to_irq)
1290 {
1291     assert(pci_bus_is_root(bus));
1292     bus->route_intx_to_irq = route_intx_to_irq;
1293 }
1294 
1295 PCIINTxRoute pci_device_route_intx_to_irq(PCIDevice *dev, int pin)
1296 {
1297     PCIBus *bus;
1298 
1299     do {
1300          bus = dev->bus;
1301          pin = bus->map_irq(dev, pin);
1302          dev = bus->parent_dev;
1303     } while (dev);
1304 
1305     if (!bus->route_intx_to_irq) {
1306         error_report("PCI: Bug - unimplemented PCI INTx routing (%s)",
1307                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(bus->qbus.parent)));
1308         return (PCIINTxRoute) { PCI_INTX_DISABLED, -1 };
1309     }
1310 
1311     return bus->route_intx_to_irq(bus->irq_opaque, pin);
1312 }
1313 
1314 bool pci_intx_route_changed(PCIINTxRoute *old, PCIINTxRoute *new)
1315 {
1316     return old->mode != new->mode || old->irq != new->irq;
1317 }
1318 
1319 void pci_bus_fire_intx_routing_notifier(PCIBus *bus)
1320 {
1321     PCIDevice *dev;
1322     PCIBus *sec;
1323     int i;
1324 
1325     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
1326         dev = bus->devices[i];
1327         if (dev && dev->intx_routing_notifier) {
1328             dev->intx_routing_notifier(dev);
1329         }
1330     }
1331 
1332     QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1333         pci_bus_fire_intx_routing_notifier(sec);
1334     }
1335 }
1336 
1337 void pci_device_set_intx_routing_notifier(PCIDevice *dev,
1338                                           PCIINTxRoutingNotifier notifier)
1339 {
1340     dev->intx_routing_notifier = notifier;
1341 }
1342 
1343 /*
1344  * PCI-to-PCI bridge specification
1345  * 9.1: Interrupt routing. Table 9-1
1346  *
1347  * the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 2.1
1348  * 2.2.8.1: INTx interrutp signaling - Rules
1349  *          the Implementation Note
1350  *          Table 2-20
1351  */
1352 /*
1353  * 0 <= pin <= 3 0 = INTA, 1 = INTB, 2 = INTC, 3 = INTD
1354  * 0-origin unlike PCI interrupt pin register.
1355  */
1356 int pci_swizzle_map_irq_fn(PCIDevice *pci_dev, int pin)
1357 {
1358     return (pin + PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn)) % PCI_NUM_PINS;
1359 }
1360 
1361 /***********************************************************/
1362 /* monitor info on PCI */
1363 
1364 typedef struct {
1365     uint16_t class;
1366     const char *desc;
1367     const char *fw_name;
1368     uint16_t fw_ign_bits;
1369 } pci_class_desc;
1370 
1371 static const pci_class_desc pci_class_descriptions[] =
1372 {
1373     { 0x0001, "VGA controller", "display"},
1374     { 0x0100, "SCSI controller", "scsi"},
1375     { 0x0101, "IDE controller", "ide"},
1376     { 0x0102, "Floppy controller", "fdc"},
1377     { 0x0103, "IPI controller", "ipi"},
1378     { 0x0104, "RAID controller", "raid"},
1379     { 0x0106, "SATA controller"},
1380     { 0x0107, "SAS controller"},
1381     { 0x0180, "Storage controller"},
1382     { 0x0200, "Ethernet controller", "ethernet"},
1383     { 0x0201, "Token Ring controller", "token-ring"},
1384     { 0x0202, "FDDI controller", "fddi"},
1385     { 0x0203, "ATM controller", "atm"},
1386     { 0x0280, "Network controller"},
1387     { 0x0300, "VGA controller", "display", 0x00ff},
1388     { 0x0301, "XGA controller"},
1389     { 0x0302, "3D controller"},
1390     { 0x0380, "Display controller"},
1391     { 0x0400, "Video controller", "video"},
1392     { 0x0401, "Audio controller", "sound"},
1393     { 0x0402, "Phone"},
1394     { 0x0403, "Audio controller", "sound"},
1395     { 0x0480, "Multimedia controller"},
1396     { 0x0500, "RAM controller", "memory"},
1397     { 0x0501, "Flash controller", "flash"},
1398     { 0x0580, "Memory controller"},
1399     { 0x0600, "Host bridge", "host"},
1400     { 0x0601, "ISA bridge", "isa"},
1401     { 0x0602, "EISA bridge", "eisa"},
1402     { 0x0603, "MC bridge", "mca"},
1403     { 0x0604, "PCI bridge", "pci-bridge"},
1404     { 0x0605, "PCMCIA bridge", "pcmcia"},
1405     { 0x0606, "NUBUS bridge", "nubus"},
1406     { 0x0607, "CARDBUS bridge", "cardbus"},
1407     { 0x0608, "RACEWAY bridge"},
1408     { 0x0680, "Bridge"},
1409     { 0x0700, "Serial port", "serial"},
1410     { 0x0701, "Parallel port", "parallel"},
1411     { 0x0800, "Interrupt controller", "interrupt-controller"},
1412     { 0x0801, "DMA controller", "dma-controller"},
1413     { 0x0802, "Timer", "timer"},
1414     { 0x0803, "RTC", "rtc"},
1415     { 0x0900, "Keyboard", "keyboard"},
1416     { 0x0901, "Pen", "pen"},
1417     { 0x0902, "Mouse", "mouse"},
1418     { 0x0A00, "Dock station", "dock", 0x00ff},
1419     { 0x0B00, "i386 cpu", "cpu", 0x00ff},
1420     { 0x0c00, "Fireware contorller", "fireware"},
1421     { 0x0c01, "Access bus controller", "access-bus"},
1422     { 0x0c02, "SSA controller", "ssa"},
1423     { 0x0c03, "USB controller", "usb"},
1424     { 0x0c04, "Fibre channel controller", "fibre-channel"},
1425     { 0x0c05, "SMBus"},
1426     { 0, NULL}
1427 };
1428 
1429 static void pci_for_each_device_under_bus(PCIBus *bus,
1430                                           void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d,
1431                                                      void *opaque),
1432                                           void *opaque)
1433 {
1434     PCIDevice *d;
1435     int devfn;
1436 
1437     for(devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1438         d = bus->devices[devfn];
1439         if (d) {
1440             fn(bus, d, opaque);
1441         }
1442     }
1443 }
1444 
1445 void pci_for_each_device(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num,
1446                          void (*fn)(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *d, void *opaque),
1447                          void *opaque)
1448 {
1449     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1450 
1451     if (bus) {
1452         pci_for_each_device_under_bus(bus, fn, opaque);
1453     }
1454 }
1455 
1456 static const pci_class_desc *get_class_desc(int class)
1457 {
1458     const pci_class_desc *desc;
1459 
1460     desc = pci_class_descriptions;
1461     while (desc->desc && class != desc->class) {
1462         desc++;
1463     }
1464 
1465     return desc;
1466 }
1467 
1468 static PciDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_pci_devices(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num);
1469 
1470 static PciMemoryRegionList *qmp_query_pci_regions(const PCIDevice *dev)
1471 {
1472     PciMemoryRegionList *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1473     int i;
1474 
1475     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
1476         const PCIIORegion *r = &dev->io_regions[i];
1477         PciMemoryRegionList *region;
1478 
1479         if (!r->size) {
1480             continue;
1481         }
1482 
1483         region = g_malloc0(sizeof(*region));
1484         region->value = g_malloc0(sizeof(*region->value));
1485 
1486         if (r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) {
1487             region->value->type = g_strdup("io");
1488         } else {
1489             region->value->type = g_strdup("memory");
1490             region->value->has_prefetch = true;
1491             region->value->prefetch = !!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1492             region->value->has_mem_type_64 = true;
1493             region->value->mem_type_64 = !!(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64);
1494         }
1495 
1496         region->value->bar = i;
1497         region->value->address = r->addr;
1498         region->value->size = r->size;
1499 
1500         /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1501         if (!cur_item) {
1502             head = cur_item = region;
1503         } else {
1504             cur_item->next = region;
1505             cur_item = region;
1506         }
1507     }
1508 
1509     return head;
1510 }
1511 
1512 static PciBridgeInfo *qmp_query_pci_bridge(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus,
1513                                            int bus_num)
1514 {
1515     PciBridgeInfo *info;
1516     PciMemoryRange *range;
1517 
1518     info = g_new0(PciBridgeInfo, 1);
1519 
1520     info->bus = g_new0(PciBusInfo, 1);
1521     info->bus->number = dev->config[PCI_PRIMARY_BUS];
1522     info->bus->secondary = dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS];
1523     info->bus->subordinate = dev->config[PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS];
1524 
1525     range = info->bus->io_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1526     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1527     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO);
1528 
1529     range = info->bus->memory_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1530     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY);
1531     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY);
1532 
1533     range = info->bus->prefetchable_range = g_new0(PciMemoryRange, 1);
1534     range->base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1535     range->limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
1536 
1537     if (dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS] != 0) {
1538         PCIBus *child_bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS]);
1539         if (child_bus) {
1540             info->has_devices = true;
1541             info->devices = qmp_query_pci_devices(child_bus, dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS]);
1542         }
1543     }
1544 
1545     return info;
1546 }
1547 
1548 static PciDeviceInfo *qmp_query_pci_device(PCIDevice *dev, PCIBus *bus,
1549                                            int bus_num)
1550 {
1551     const pci_class_desc *desc;
1552     PciDeviceInfo *info;
1553     uint8_t type;
1554     int class;
1555 
1556     info = g_new0(PciDeviceInfo, 1);
1557     info->bus = bus_num;
1558     info->slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
1559     info->function = PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn);
1560 
1561     info->class_info = g_new0(PciDeviceClass, 1);
1562     class = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
1563     info->class_info->q_class = class;
1564     desc = get_class_desc(class);
1565     if (desc->desc) {
1566         info->class_info->has_desc = true;
1567         info->class_info->desc = g_strdup(desc->desc);
1568     }
1569 
1570     info->id = g_new0(PciDeviceId, 1);
1571     info->id->vendor = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
1572     info->id->device = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
1573     info->regions = qmp_query_pci_regions(dev);
1574     info->qdev_id = g_strdup(dev->qdev.id ? dev->qdev.id : "");
1575 
1576     if (dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN] != 0) {
1577         info->has_irq = true;
1578         info->irq = dev->config[PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE];
1579     }
1580 
1581     type = dev->config[PCI_HEADER_TYPE] & ~PCI_HEADER_TYPE_MULTI_FUNCTION;
1582     if (type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE) {
1583         info->has_pci_bridge = true;
1584         info->pci_bridge = qmp_query_pci_bridge(dev, bus, bus_num);
1585     }
1586 
1587     return info;
1588 }
1589 
1590 static PciDeviceInfoList *qmp_query_pci_devices(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1591 {
1592     PciDeviceInfoList *info, *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1593     PCIDevice *dev;
1594     int devfn;
1595 
1596     for (devfn = 0; devfn < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); devfn++) {
1597         dev = bus->devices[devfn];
1598         if (dev) {
1599             info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1600             info->value = qmp_query_pci_device(dev, bus, bus_num);
1601 
1602             /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1603             if (!cur_item) {
1604                 head = cur_item = info;
1605             } else {
1606                 cur_item->next = info;
1607                 cur_item = info;
1608             }
1609         }
1610     }
1611 
1612     return head;
1613 }
1614 
1615 static PciInfo *qmp_query_pci_bus(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1616 {
1617     PciInfo *info = NULL;
1618 
1619     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1620     if (bus) {
1621         info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1622         info->bus = bus_num;
1623         info->devices = qmp_query_pci_devices(bus, bus_num);
1624     }
1625 
1626     return info;
1627 }
1628 
1629 PciInfoList *qmp_query_pci(Error **errp)
1630 {
1631     PciInfoList *info, *head = NULL, *cur_item = NULL;
1632     PCIHostState *host_bridge;
1633 
1634     QLIST_FOREACH(host_bridge, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
1635         info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
1636         info->value = qmp_query_pci_bus(host_bridge->bus,
1637                                         pci_bus_num(host_bridge->bus));
1638 
1639         /* XXX: waiting for the qapi to support GSList */
1640         if (!cur_item) {
1641             head = cur_item = info;
1642         } else {
1643             cur_item->next = info;
1644             cur_item = info;
1645         }
1646     }
1647 
1648     return head;
1649 }
1650 
1651 static const char * const pci_nic_models[] = {
1652     "ne2k_pci",
1653     "i82551",
1654     "i82557b",
1655     "i82559er",
1656     "rtl8139",
1657     "e1000",
1658     "pcnet",
1659     "virtio",
1660     NULL
1661 };
1662 
1663 static const char * const pci_nic_names[] = {
1664     "ne2k_pci",
1665     "i82551",
1666     "i82557b",
1667     "i82559er",
1668     "rtl8139",
1669     "e1000",
1670     "pcnet",
1671     "virtio-net-pci",
1672     NULL
1673 };
1674 
1675 /* Initialize a PCI NIC.  */
1676 PCIDevice *pci_nic_init_nofail(NICInfo *nd, PCIBus *rootbus,
1677                                const char *default_model,
1678                                const char *default_devaddr)
1679 {
1680     const char *devaddr = nd->devaddr ? nd->devaddr : default_devaddr;
1681     Error *err = NULL;
1682     PCIBus *bus;
1683     PCIDevice *pci_dev;
1684     DeviceState *dev;
1685     int devfn;
1686     int i;
1687 
1688     if (qemu_show_nic_models(nd->model, pci_nic_models)) {
1689         exit(0);
1690     }
1691 
1692     i = qemu_find_nic_model(nd, pci_nic_models, default_model);
1693     if (i < 0) {
1694         exit(1);
1695     }
1696 
1697     bus = pci_get_bus_devfn(&devfn, rootbus, devaddr);
1698     if (!bus) {
1699         error_report("Invalid PCI device address %s for device %s",
1700                      devaddr, pci_nic_names[i]);
1701         exit(1);
1702     }
1703 
1704     pci_dev = pci_create(bus, devfn, pci_nic_names[i]);
1705     dev = &pci_dev->qdev;
1706     qdev_set_nic_properties(dev, nd);
1707 
1708     object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(dev), true, "realized", &err);
1709     if (err) {
1710         error_report_err(err);
1711         object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
1712         exit(1);
1713     }
1714 
1715     return pci_dev;
1716 }
1717 
1718 PCIDevice *pci_vga_init(PCIBus *bus)
1719 {
1720     switch (vga_interface_type) {
1721     case VGA_CIRRUS:
1722         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "cirrus-vga");
1723     case VGA_QXL:
1724         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "qxl-vga");
1725     case VGA_STD:
1726         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "VGA");
1727     case VGA_VMWARE:
1728         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "vmware-svga");
1729     case VGA_VIRTIO:
1730         return pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "virtio-vga");
1731     case VGA_NONE:
1732     default: /* Other non-PCI types. Checking for unsupported types is already
1733                 done in vl.c. */
1734         return NULL;
1735     }
1736 }
1737 
1738 /* Whether a given bus number is in range of the secondary
1739  * bus of the given bridge device. */
1740 static bool pci_secondary_bus_in_range(PCIDevice *dev, int bus_num)
1741 {
1742     return !(pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL) &
1743              PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET) /* Don't walk the bus if it's reset. */ &&
1744         dev->config[PCI_SECONDARY_BUS] <= bus_num &&
1745         bus_num <= dev->config[PCI_SUBORDINATE_BUS];
1746 }
1747 
1748 /* Whether a given bus number is in a range of a root bus */
1749 static bool pci_root_bus_in_range(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1750 {
1751     int i;
1752 
1753     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bus->devices); ++i) {
1754         PCIDevice *dev = bus->devices[i];
1755 
1756         if (dev && PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev)->is_bridge) {
1757             if (pci_secondary_bus_in_range(dev, bus_num)) {
1758                 return true;
1759             }
1760         }
1761     }
1762 
1763     return false;
1764 }
1765 
1766 static PCIBus *pci_find_bus_nr(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num)
1767 {
1768     PCIBus *sec;
1769 
1770     if (!bus) {
1771         return NULL;
1772     }
1773 
1774     if (pci_bus_num(bus) == bus_num) {
1775         return bus;
1776     }
1777 
1778     /* Consider all bus numbers in range for the host pci bridge. */
1779     if (!pci_bus_is_root(bus) &&
1780         !pci_secondary_bus_in_range(bus->parent_dev, bus_num)) {
1781         return NULL;
1782     }
1783 
1784     /* try child bus */
1785     for (; bus; bus = sec) {
1786         QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1787             if (pci_bus_num(sec) == bus_num) {
1788                 return sec;
1789             }
1790             /* PXB buses assumed to be children of bus 0 */
1791             if (pci_bus_is_root(sec)) {
1792                 if (pci_root_bus_in_range(sec, bus_num)) {
1793                     break;
1794                 }
1795             } else {
1796                 if (pci_secondary_bus_in_range(sec->parent_dev, bus_num)) {
1797                     break;
1798                 }
1799             }
1800         }
1801     }
1802 
1803     return NULL;
1804 }
1805 
1806 void pci_for_each_bus_depth_first(PCIBus *bus,
1807                                   void *(*begin)(PCIBus *bus, void *parent_state),
1808                                   void (*end)(PCIBus *bus, void *state),
1809                                   void *parent_state)
1810 {
1811     PCIBus *sec;
1812     void *state;
1813 
1814     if (!bus) {
1815         return;
1816     }
1817 
1818     if (begin) {
1819         state = begin(bus, parent_state);
1820     } else {
1821         state = parent_state;
1822     }
1823 
1824     QLIST_FOREACH(sec, &bus->child, sibling) {
1825         pci_for_each_bus_depth_first(sec, begin, end, state);
1826     }
1827 
1828     if (end) {
1829         end(bus, state);
1830     }
1831 }
1832 
1833 
1834 PCIDevice *pci_find_device(PCIBus *bus, int bus_num, uint8_t devfn)
1835 {
1836     bus = pci_find_bus_nr(bus, bus_num);
1837 
1838     if (!bus)
1839         return NULL;
1840 
1841     return bus->devices[devfn];
1842 }
1843 
1844 static void pci_qdev_realize(DeviceState *qdev, Error **errp)
1845 {
1846     PCIDevice *pci_dev = (PCIDevice *)qdev;
1847     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(pci_dev);
1848     Error *local_err = NULL;
1849     PCIBus *bus;
1850     bool is_default_rom;
1851 
1852     /* initialize cap_present for pci_is_express() and pci_config_size() */
1853     if (pc->is_express) {
1854         pci_dev->cap_present |= QEMU_PCI_CAP_EXPRESS;
1855     }
1856 
1857     bus = PCI_BUS(qdev_get_parent_bus(qdev));
1858     pci_dev = do_pci_register_device(pci_dev, bus,
1859                                      object_get_typename(OBJECT(qdev)),
1860                                      pci_dev->devfn, errp);
1861     if (pci_dev == NULL)
1862         return;
1863 
1864     if (pc->realize) {
1865         pc->realize(pci_dev, &local_err);
1866         if (local_err) {
1867             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1868             do_pci_unregister_device(pci_dev);
1869             return;
1870         }
1871     }
1872 
1873     /* rom loading */
1874     is_default_rom = false;
1875     if (pci_dev->romfile == NULL && pc->romfile != NULL) {
1876         pci_dev->romfile = g_strdup(pc->romfile);
1877         is_default_rom = true;
1878     }
1879 
1880     pci_add_option_rom(pci_dev, is_default_rom, &local_err);
1881     if (local_err) {
1882         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1883         pci_qdev_unrealize(DEVICE(pci_dev), NULL);
1884         return;
1885     }
1886 }
1887 
1888 static void pci_default_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
1889 {
1890     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
1891 
1892     if (pc->init) {
1893         if (pc->init(dev) < 0) {
1894             error_setg(errp, "Device initialization failed");
1895             return;
1896         }
1897     }
1898 }
1899 
1900 PCIDevice *pci_create_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, bool multifunction,
1901                                     const char *name)
1902 {
1903     DeviceState *dev;
1904 
1905     dev = qdev_create(&bus->qbus, name);
1906     qdev_prop_set_int32(dev, "addr", devfn);
1907     qdev_prop_set_bit(dev, "multifunction", multifunction);
1908     return PCI_DEVICE(dev);
1909 }
1910 
1911 PCIDevice *pci_create_simple_multifunction(PCIBus *bus, int devfn,
1912                                            bool multifunction,
1913                                            const char *name)
1914 {
1915     PCIDevice *dev = pci_create_multifunction(bus, devfn, multifunction, name);
1916     qdev_init_nofail(&dev->qdev);
1917     return dev;
1918 }
1919 
1920 PCIDevice *pci_create(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, const char *name)
1921 {
1922     return pci_create_multifunction(bus, devfn, false, name);
1923 }
1924 
1925 PCIDevice *pci_create_simple(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, const char *name)
1926 {
1927     return pci_create_simple_multifunction(bus, devfn, false, name);
1928 }
1929 
1930 static uint8_t pci_find_space(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t size)
1931 {
1932     int offset = PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE;
1933     int i;
1934     for (i = PCI_CONFIG_HEADER_SIZE; i < PCI_CONFIG_SPACE_SIZE; ++i) {
1935         if (pdev->used[i])
1936             offset = i + 1;
1937         else if (i - offset + 1 == size)
1938             return offset;
1939     }
1940     return 0;
1941 }
1942 
1943 static uint8_t pci_find_capability_list(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
1944                                         uint8_t *prev_p)
1945 {
1946     uint8_t next, prev;
1947 
1948     if (!(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST))
1949         return 0;
1950 
1951     for (prev = PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST; (next = pdev->config[prev]);
1952          prev = next + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT)
1953         if (pdev->config[next + PCI_CAP_LIST_ID] == cap_id)
1954             break;
1955 
1956     if (prev_p)
1957         *prev_p = prev;
1958     return next;
1959 }
1960 
1961 static uint8_t pci_find_capability_at_offset(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t offset)
1962 {
1963     uint8_t next, prev, found = 0;
1964 
1965     if (!(pdev->used[offset])) {
1966         return 0;
1967     }
1968 
1969     assert(pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST);
1970 
1971     for (prev = PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST; (next = pdev->config[prev]);
1972          prev = next + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT) {
1973         if (next <= offset && next > found) {
1974             found = next;
1975         }
1976     }
1977     return found;
1978 }
1979 
1980 /* Patch the PCI vendor and device ids in a PCI rom image if necessary.
1981    This is needed for an option rom which is used for more than one device. */
1982 static void pci_patch_ids(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t *ptr, int size)
1983 {
1984     uint16_t vendor_id;
1985     uint16_t device_id;
1986     uint16_t rom_vendor_id;
1987     uint16_t rom_device_id;
1988     uint16_t rom_magic;
1989     uint16_t pcir_offset;
1990     uint8_t checksum;
1991 
1992     /* Words in rom data are little endian (like in PCI configuration),
1993        so they can be read / written with pci_get_word / pci_set_word. */
1994 
1995     /* Only a valid rom will be patched. */
1996     rom_magic = pci_get_word(ptr);
1997     if (rom_magic != 0xaa55) {
1998         PCI_DPRINTF("Bad ROM magic %04x\n", rom_magic);
1999         return;
2000     }
2001     pcir_offset = pci_get_word(ptr + 0x18);
2002     if (pcir_offset + 8 >= size || memcmp(ptr + pcir_offset, "PCIR", 4)) {
2003         PCI_DPRINTF("Bad PCIR offset 0x%x or signature\n", pcir_offset);
2004         return;
2005     }
2006 
2007     vendor_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID);
2008     device_id = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID);
2009     rom_vendor_id = pci_get_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 4);
2010     rom_device_id = pci_get_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 6);
2011 
2012     PCI_DPRINTF("%s: ROM id %04x%04x / PCI id %04x%04x\n", pdev->romfile,
2013                 vendor_id, device_id, rom_vendor_id, rom_device_id);
2014 
2015     checksum = ptr[6];
2016 
2017     if (vendor_id != rom_vendor_id) {
2018         /* Patch vendor id and checksum (at offset 6 for etherboot roms). */
2019         checksum += (uint8_t)rom_vendor_id + (uint8_t)(rom_vendor_id >> 8);
2020         checksum -= (uint8_t)vendor_id + (uint8_t)(vendor_id >> 8);
2021         PCI_DPRINTF("ROM checksum %02x / %02x\n", ptr[6], checksum);
2022         ptr[6] = checksum;
2023         pci_set_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 4, vendor_id);
2024     }
2025 
2026     if (device_id != rom_device_id) {
2027         /* Patch device id and checksum (at offset 6 for etherboot roms). */
2028         checksum += (uint8_t)rom_device_id + (uint8_t)(rom_device_id >> 8);
2029         checksum -= (uint8_t)device_id + (uint8_t)(device_id >> 8);
2030         PCI_DPRINTF("ROM checksum %02x / %02x\n", ptr[6], checksum);
2031         ptr[6] = checksum;
2032         pci_set_word(ptr + pcir_offset + 6, device_id);
2033     }
2034 }
2035 
2036 /* Add an option rom for the device */
2037 static void pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool is_default_rom,
2038                                Error **errp)
2039 {
2040     int size;
2041     char *path;
2042     void *ptr;
2043     char name[32];
2044     const VMStateDescription *vmsd;
2045 
2046     if (!pdev->romfile)
2047         return;
2048     if (strlen(pdev->romfile) == 0)
2049         return;
2050 
2051     if (!pdev->rom_bar) {
2052         /*
2053          * Load rom via fw_cfg instead of creating a rom bar,
2054          * for 0.11 compatibility.
2055          */
2056         int class = pci_get_word(pdev->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2057 
2058         /*
2059          * Hot-plugged devices can't use the option ROM
2060          * if the rom bar is disabled.
2061          */
2062         if (DEVICE(pdev)->hotplugged) {
2063             error_setg(errp, "Hot-plugged device without ROM bar"
2064                        " can't have an option ROM");
2065             return;
2066         }
2067 
2068         if (class == 0x0300) {
2069             rom_add_vga(pdev->romfile);
2070         } else {
2071             rom_add_option(pdev->romfile, -1);
2072         }
2073         return;
2074     }
2075 
2076     path = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, pdev->romfile);
2077     if (path == NULL) {
2078         path = g_strdup(pdev->romfile);
2079     }
2080 
2081     size = get_image_size(path);
2082     if (size < 0) {
2083         error_setg(errp, "failed to find romfile \"%s\"", pdev->romfile);
2084         g_free(path);
2085         return;
2086     } else if (size == 0) {
2087         error_setg(errp, "romfile \"%s\" is empty", pdev->romfile);
2088         g_free(path);
2089         return;
2090     }
2091     size = pow2ceil(size);
2092 
2093     vmsd = qdev_get_vmsd(DEVICE(pdev));
2094 
2095     if (vmsd) {
2096         snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom", vmsd->name);
2097     } else {
2098         snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom", object_get_typename(OBJECT(pdev)));
2099     }
2100     pdev->has_rom = true;
2101     memory_region_init_ram(&pdev->rom, OBJECT(pdev), name, size, &error_fatal);
2102     vmstate_register_ram(&pdev->rom, &pdev->qdev);
2103     ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pdev->rom);
2104     load_image(path, ptr);
2105     g_free(path);
2106 
2107     if (is_default_rom) {
2108         /* Only the default rom images will be patched (if needed). */
2109         pci_patch_ids(pdev, ptr, size);
2110     }
2111 
2112     pci_register_bar(pdev, PCI_ROM_SLOT, 0, &pdev->rom);
2113 }
2114 
2115 static void pci_del_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev)
2116 {
2117     if (!pdev->has_rom)
2118         return;
2119 
2120     vmstate_unregister_ram(&pdev->rom, &pdev->qdev);
2121     pdev->has_rom = false;
2122 }
2123 
2124 /*
2125  * if offset = 0,
2126  * Find and reserve space and add capability to the linked list
2127  * in pci config space
2128  */
2129 int pci_add_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2130                        uint8_t offset, uint8_t size)
2131 {
2132     int ret;
2133     Error *local_err = NULL;
2134 
2135     ret = pci_add_capability2(pdev, cap_id, offset, size, &local_err);
2136     if (local_err) {
2137         assert(ret < 0);
2138         error_report_err(local_err);
2139     } else {
2140         /* success implies a positive offset in config space */
2141         assert(ret > 0);
2142     }
2143     return ret;
2144 }
2145 
2146 int pci_add_capability2(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id,
2147                        uint8_t offset, uint8_t size,
2148                        Error **errp)
2149 {
2150     uint8_t *config;
2151     int i, overlapping_cap;
2152 
2153     if (!offset) {
2154         offset = pci_find_space(pdev, size);
2155         if (!offset) {
2156             error_setg(errp, "out of PCI config space");
2157             return -ENOSPC;
2158         }
2159     } else {
2160         /* Verify that capabilities don't overlap.  Note: device assignment
2161          * depends on this check to verify that the device is not broken.
2162          * Should never trigger for emulated devices, but it's helpful
2163          * for debugging these. */
2164         for (i = offset; i < offset + size; i++) {
2165             overlapping_cap = pci_find_capability_at_offset(pdev, i);
2166             if (overlapping_cap) {
2167                 error_setg(errp, "%s:%02x:%02x.%x "
2168                            "Attempt to add PCI capability %x at offset "
2169                            "%x overlaps existing capability %x at offset %x",
2170                            pci_root_bus_path(pdev), pci_bus_num(pdev->bus),
2171                            PCI_SLOT(pdev->devfn), PCI_FUNC(pdev->devfn),
2172                            cap_id, offset, overlapping_cap, i);
2173                 return -EINVAL;
2174             }
2175         }
2176     }
2177 
2178     config = pdev->config + offset;
2179     config[PCI_CAP_LIST_ID] = cap_id;
2180     config[PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT] = pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST];
2181     pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST] = offset;
2182     pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] |= PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
2183     memset(pdev->used + offset, 0xFF, QEMU_ALIGN_UP(size, 4));
2184     /* Make capability read-only by default */
2185     memset(pdev->wmask + offset, 0, size);
2186     /* Check capability by default */
2187     memset(pdev->cmask + offset, 0xFF, size);
2188     return offset;
2189 }
2190 
2191 /* Unlink capability from the pci config space. */
2192 void pci_del_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id, uint8_t size)
2193 {
2194     uint8_t prev, offset = pci_find_capability_list(pdev, cap_id, &prev);
2195     if (!offset)
2196         return;
2197     pdev->config[prev] = pdev->config[offset + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT];
2198     /* Make capability writable again */
2199     memset(pdev->wmask + offset, 0xff, size);
2200     memset(pdev->w1cmask + offset, 0, size);
2201     /* Clear cmask as device-specific registers can't be checked */
2202     memset(pdev->cmask + offset, 0, size);
2203     memset(pdev->used + offset, 0, QEMU_ALIGN_UP(size, 4));
2204 
2205     if (!pdev->config[PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST])
2206         pdev->config[PCI_STATUS] &= ~PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST;
2207 }
2208 
2209 uint8_t pci_find_capability(PCIDevice *pdev, uint8_t cap_id)
2210 {
2211     return pci_find_capability_list(pdev, cap_id, NULL);
2212 }
2213 
2214 static void pcibus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *dev, int indent)
2215 {
2216     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2217     const pci_class_desc *desc;
2218     char ctxt[64];
2219     PCIIORegion *r;
2220     int i, class;
2221 
2222     class = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2223     desc = pci_class_descriptions;
2224     while (desc->desc && class != desc->class)
2225         desc++;
2226     if (desc->desc) {
2227         snprintf(ctxt, sizeof(ctxt), "%s", desc->desc);
2228     } else {
2229         snprintf(ctxt, sizeof(ctxt), "Class %04x", class);
2230     }
2231 
2232     monitor_printf(mon, "%*sclass %s, addr %02x:%02x.%x, "
2233                    "pci id %04x:%04x (sub %04x:%04x)\n",
2234                    indent, "", ctxt, pci_bus_num(d->bus),
2235                    PCI_SLOT(d->devfn), PCI_FUNC(d->devfn),
2236                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID),
2237                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID),
2238                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID),
2239                    pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID));
2240     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; i++) {
2241         r = &d->io_regions[i];
2242         if (!r->size)
2243             continue;
2244         monitor_printf(mon, "%*sbar %d: %s at 0x%"FMT_PCIBUS
2245                        " [0x%"FMT_PCIBUS"]\n",
2246                        indent, "",
2247                        i, r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO ? "i/o" : "mem",
2248                        r->addr, r->addr + r->size - 1);
2249     }
2250 }
2251 
2252 static char *pci_dev_fw_name(DeviceState *dev, char *buf, int len)
2253 {
2254     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2255     const char *name = NULL;
2256     const pci_class_desc *desc =  pci_class_descriptions;
2257     int class = pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_CLASS_DEVICE);
2258 
2259     while (desc->desc &&
2260           (class & ~desc->fw_ign_bits) !=
2261           (desc->class & ~desc->fw_ign_bits)) {
2262         desc++;
2263     }
2264 
2265     if (desc->desc) {
2266         name = desc->fw_name;
2267     }
2268 
2269     if (name) {
2270         pstrcpy(buf, len, name);
2271     } else {
2272         snprintf(buf, len, "pci%04x,%04x",
2273                  pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_VENDOR_ID),
2274                  pci_get_word(d->config + PCI_DEVICE_ID));
2275     }
2276 
2277     return buf;
2278 }
2279 
2280 static char *pcibus_get_fw_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
2281 {
2282     PCIDevice *d = (PCIDevice *)dev;
2283     char path[50], name[33];
2284     int off;
2285 
2286     off = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s@%x",
2287                    pci_dev_fw_name(dev, name, sizeof name),
2288                    PCI_SLOT(d->devfn));
2289     if (PCI_FUNC(d->devfn))
2290         snprintf(path + off, sizeof(path) + off, ",%x", PCI_FUNC(d->devfn));
2291     return g_strdup(path);
2292 }
2293 
2294 static char *pcibus_get_dev_path(DeviceState *dev)
2295 {
2296     PCIDevice *d = container_of(dev, PCIDevice, qdev);
2297     PCIDevice *t;
2298     int slot_depth;
2299     /* Path format: Domain:00:Slot.Function:Slot.Function....:Slot.Function.
2300      * 00 is added here to make this format compatible with
2301      * domain:Bus:Slot.Func for systems without nested PCI bridges.
2302      * Slot.Function list specifies the slot and function numbers for all
2303      * devices on the path from root to the specific device. */
2304     const char *root_bus_path;
2305     int root_bus_len;
2306     char slot[] = ":SS.F";
2307     int slot_len = sizeof slot - 1 /* For '\0' */;
2308     int path_len;
2309     char *path, *p;
2310     int s;
2311 
2312     root_bus_path = pci_root_bus_path(d);
2313     root_bus_len = strlen(root_bus_path);
2314 
2315     /* Calculate # of slots on path between device and root. */;
2316     slot_depth = 0;
2317     for (t = d; t; t = t->bus->parent_dev) {
2318         ++slot_depth;
2319     }
2320 
2321     path_len = root_bus_len + slot_len * slot_depth;
2322 
2323     /* Allocate memory, fill in the terminating null byte. */
2324     path = g_malloc(path_len + 1 /* For '\0' */);
2325     path[path_len] = '\0';
2326 
2327     memcpy(path, root_bus_path, root_bus_len);
2328 
2329     /* Fill in slot numbers. We walk up from device to root, so need to print
2330      * them in the reverse order, last to first. */
2331     p = path + path_len;
2332     for (t = d; t; t = t->bus->parent_dev) {
2333         p -= slot_len;
2334         s = snprintf(slot, sizeof slot, ":%02x.%x",
2335                      PCI_SLOT(t->devfn), PCI_FUNC(t->devfn));
2336         assert(s == slot_len);
2337         memcpy(p, slot, slot_len);
2338     }
2339 
2340     return path;
2341 }
2342 
2343 static int pci_qdev_find_recursive(PCIBus *bus,
2344                                    const char *id, PCIDevice **pdev)
2345 {
2346     DeviceState *qdev = qdev_find_recursive(&bus->qbus, id);
2347     if (!qdev) {
2348         return -ENODEV;
2349     }
2350 
2351     /* roughly check if given qdev is pci device */
2352     if (object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(qdev), TYPE_PCI_DEVICE)) {
2353         *pdev = PCI_DEVICE(qdev);
2354         return 0;
2355     }
2356     return -EINVAL;
2357 }
2358 
2359 int pci_qdev_find_device(const char *id, PCIDevice **pdev)
2360 {
2361     PCIHostState *host_bridge;
2362     int rc = -ENODEV;
2363 
2364     QLIST_FOREACH(host_bridge, &pci_host_bridges, next) {
2365         int tmp = pci_qdev_find_recursive(host_bridge->bus, id, pdev);
2366         if (!tmp) {
2367             rc = 0;
2368             break;
2369         }
2370         if (tmp != -ENODEV) {
2371             rc = tmp;
2372         }
2373     }
2374 
2375     return rc;
2376 }
2377 
2378 MemoryRegion *pci_address_space(PCIDevice *dev)
2379 {
2380     return dev->bus->address_space_mem;
2381 }
2382 
2383 MemoryRegion *pci_address_space_io(PCIDevice *dev)
2384 {
2385     return dev->bus->address_space_io;
2386 }
2387 
2388 static void pci_device_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
2389 {
2390     DeviceClass *k = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
2391     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
2392 
2393     k->realize = pci_qdev_realize;
2394     k->unrealize = pci_qdev_unrealize;
2395     k->bus_type = TYPE_PCI_BUS;
2396     k->props = pci_props;
2397     pc->realize = pci_default_realize;
2398 }
2399 
2400 AddressSpace *pci_device_iommu_address_space(PCIDevice *dev)
2401 {
2402     PCIBus *bus = PCI_BUS(dev->bus);
2403     PCIBus *iommu_bus = bus;
2404 
2405     while(iommu_bus && !iommu_bus->iommu_fn && iommu_bus->parent_dev) {
2406         iommu_bus = PCI_BUS(iommu_bus->parent_dev->bus);
2407     }
2408     if (iommu_bus && iommu_bus->iommu_fn) {
2409         return iommu_bus->iommu_fn(bus, iommu_bus->iommu_opaque, dev->devfn);
2410     }
2411     return &address_space_memory;
2412 }
2413 
2414 void pci_setup_iommu(PCIBus *bus, PCIIOMMUFunc fn, void *opaque)
2415 {
2416     bus->iommu_fn = fn;
2417     bus->iommu_opaque = opaque;
2418 }
2419 
2420 static void pci_dev_get_w64(PCIBus *b, PCIDevice *dev, void *opaque)
2421 {
2422     Range *range = opaque;
2423     PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
2424     uint16_t cmd = pci_get_word(dev->config + PCI_COMMAND);
2425     int i;
2426 
2427     if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)) {
2428         return;
2429     }
2430 
2431     if (pc->is_bridge) {
2432         pcibus_t base = pci_bridge_get_base(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
2433         pcibus_t limit = pci_bridge_get_limit(dev, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH);
2434 
2435         base = MAX(base, 0x1ULL << 32);
2436 
2437         if (limit >= base) {
2438             Range pref_range;
2439             pref_range.begin = base;
2440             pref_range.end = limit + 1;
2441             range_extend(range, &pref_range);
2442         }
2443     }
2444     for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_REGIONS; ++i) {
2445         PCIIORegion *r = &dev->io_regions[i];
2446         Range region_range;
2447 
2448         if (!r->size ||
2449             (r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO) ||
2450             !(r->type & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64)) {
2451             continue;
2452         }
2453         region_range.begin = pci_bar_address(dev, i, r->type, r->size);
2454         region_range.end = region_range.begin + r->size;
2455 
2456         if (region_range.begin == PCI_BAR_UNMAPPED) {
2457             continue;
2458         }
2459 
2460         region_range.begin = MAX(region_range.begin, 0x1ULL << 32);
2461 
2462         if (region_range.end - 1 >= region_range.begin) {
2463             range_extend(range, &region_range);
2464         }
2465     }
2466 }
2467 
2468 void pci_bus_get_w64_range(PCIBus *bus, Range *range)
2469 {
2470     range->begin = range->end = 0;
2471     pci_for_each_device_under_bus(bus, pci_dev_get_w64, range);
2472 }
2473 
2474 static bool pcie_has_upstream_port(PCIDevice *dev)
2475 {
2476     PCIDevice *parent_dev = pci_bridge_get_device(dev->bus);
2477 
2478     /* Device associated with an upstream port.
2479      * As there are several types of these, it's easier to check the
2480      * parent device: upstream ports are always connected to
2481      * root or downstream ports.
2482      */
2483     return parent_dev &&
2484         pci_is_express(parent_dev) &&
2485         parent_dev->exp.exp_cap &&
2486         (pcie_cap_get_type(parent_dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT ||
2487          pcie_cap_get_type(parent_dev) == PCI_EXP_TYPE_DOWNSTREAM);
2488 }
2489 
2490 PCIDevice *pci_get_function_0(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
2491 {
2492     if(pcie_has_upstream_port(pci_dev)) {
2493         /* With an upstream PCIe port, we only support 1 device at slot 0 */
2494         return pci_dev->bus->devices[0];
2495     } else {
2496         /* Other bus types might support multiple devices at slots 0-31 */
2497         return pci_dev->bus->devices[PCI_DEVFN(PCI_SLOT(pci_dev->devfn), 0)];
2498     }
2499 }
2500 
2501 static const TypeInfo pci_device_type_info = {
2502     .name = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
2503     .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
2504     .instance_size = sizeof(PCIDevice),
2505     .abstract = true,
2506     .class_size = sizeof(PCIDeviceClass),
2507     .class_init = pci_device_class_init,
2508 };
2509 
2510 static void pci_register_types(void)
2511 {
2512     type_register_static(&pci_bus_info);
2513     type_register_static(&pcie_bus_info);
2514     type_register_static(&pci_device_type_info);
2515 }
2516 
2517 type_init(pci_register_types)
2518